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History of Buffalo
AND
Erie County
1914-1919
Compiled by
DANIEL J. SWEENEY, Editor
PUBLISHED BY
COMMITTEE OF ONE HUNDRED
FiNLEY H. Greenj:, Chairman
UNDER AUTHORITY OF THE CITY' OF BUFFALO
JULY 4, 1919
■M538
Copyright. 1920.
By
Daniel J. Sweeney
APR
1320
To THE
Soldier Mothers of Buffalo and Erie County
Who Bravely Gave Their Boys to the
Cause of Universal Democracy,
This Book, in the
Grateful Remembrance of a Patriotic Community,
IS Respectfully Dedicated
Chapter
I
II
III
IV
V
VI
VII
VIII
IX
X
XI
XII
XIII
XIV
XV
XVI
XVII
XVIII
XIX
XX
XXI
XXII
XXIII
XXIV
XXV
XXVI
XXVII
XXVIII
XXIX
XXX
XXXI
XXXII
XXXIII
XXXIV
XXXV
XXXVI
XXXVII
XXXVIII
XXXIX
XL
XLI
XLII
XLIII
XLIV
XLV
CONTENTS
Page
Preface 11
Introductory — Buffalo 13
With Minds Unshod of War 20
Monroe Doctrine Rocks on Its Base 24
Scenting the Battle Afar 27
Preparedness Seed is Sown 29
U. of B. Company in National Guard 32
Governor Whitman at First Preparedness Meeting 34
Patriotism Unleashed by June Day Parade 37
Unequipped Regiments Called to Mexico 41
Troop I Off to Border — Colonels Wolf and Babcock Relieved 44
Germany's First Peace Proposal 46
Mayor's Americanization Committee at Work 48
City Welcomes Returning Soldiers 51
Allies Decline Peace Terms 53
Chamber of Commerce Urges Armed Guards for Local Plants 55
Elmwood Music Hall Mass Meeting Declares for War 58
Naval Militia Off to War— Soldiers Guard Water Front 62
Rush for Marriage Licenses Congests City Clerk's Office 64
Flag Raising Ceremonies and Pulpit Appeals 67
Uncle Sam's Plan to Raise a National Army 70
Louis P. Fuhrmann— Buffalo's War Mayor 1914 to 1917 72
Volunteer Army to Administer Selective Service Law 74
Tony Monanco by Name : Water Boy by Occupation 76
I Am An American 78
Registration Day, June 5, 1917 80
Twenty Exemption Districts for Erie County 83
Exemption District Machinery in Operation 90
Rann's Appeal Agent Volunteers 92
Unlimited Service by Members of Buffalo Bar 95
District Board Number Three 97
"The Rose of No Man's Land" 100
Coal Shortage Through Winter of 1917-1918 103
Peace Proposal of Pope Benedict XV 105
Guardsmen Spend Summer of 1917 in Buffalo Camp 107
Festival of Light and Song — A Formal Good-By Ill
National Army of the United States 117
Amid Cheers and Tears Guardsmen Leave Home 121
George S. Buck, War Mayor 1918-1919 125
Fort Porter Plays Its Part in World War 128
Base Hospital No. 23 130
Wheatless Days in Buffalo Hotels 135
With Don Martin in London 138
Lieut. Harold B. Wertz, First Division U. S. A 140
Smoke Ammunition from the Buffalo News 141
And the Navy Took Them Over 145
Aboard an American Transport 150
3
Buffalo's Part in the World War
Chapter Page
XLVI 77th Division Within Thunder of Guns 152
XLVII Seeing Paris with Don Martin 154
XLVI 1 1 Germany's March Drive Crushes British Defense 157
XLIX Lightless, Heatless, Gasless Days 159
L Buffalo Women Face the Hun 163
LI American AlHed Exposition and Bazaar 169
LII Second Red Cross Drive 171
LIII "Can They Get to Calais?" 175
LIV Buffalo Draft Men of 78th Division in France 179
LV In Mrs. Vanderbilt's Paris Hospital with Doris Kellogg 181
LVI Buffalo Marines in Battle of Belleau Wood 183
LVII House Warming Party for 77th Division at Baccarat 192
LVIII Smashing the Marne Salient 194
LIX Maj. Donovan at the Battle of the Ourcq 199
LX First American Army Formed 204
LXI Girls at Canteens Carry on Through the Hot Summer 205
LXII Germany's Dead Mark Trail of American Advance 209
LXIII 108th Infantry Enters Front Line at Mt. Kemmel 211
LXIV 77th Division in the Hell Hole Valley of the Vesle 217
LXV Battle of St. Mihiel— Death of Capt. Piatt 223
LXVI Planning the Decisive Battle of the War 229
LXVII General Nolan of Akron — Hero of Apremont 231
LXVIII 77th Division Enters Argonne— Col. Jewett Decorated 238
LXIX Maj. Whittlesey's Battalion, 77th Division 242
LXX Lieut. Wilhelm, Buffalo, in "Lost Battalion" 244
LXXI Lost Battalion's Dead Still Hold the Position 248
LXXII Buffalo Artillerymen Wreck Forges on the Meuse 253
LXXIII Breaking the Great Hindenburg Line 255
LXX IV Death of Don Martin— A Soldier of the Pen 265
LXXV Sinkingof the "Mary Alice" 268
LXXVI 77th Division Before Grand Pre 270
LXX VI I Grand Pre Proves a Buffalo Sepulcher 272
LXXVIII Twenty Days on the Meuse With the Old 65th 281
LXXIX St. Souplet and Across Le Selle 285
LXXX On a Field of Carnage Donovan Fell 289
LXXXI Putting the Last One Over With the Old 65th 292
LXXXII General Pershing's Story of the Final Days 294
LXXXIII Buffalo Tank Corps Fighters— Treat 'em Rough 299
LXXXIV Handling Gas on the Western Front 301
LXXXV Honors for Greatest Gains to 77th Division 303
LXXXVI U. of B. and Canisius Student Army Corps 305
LXXXVII Battling Above the Clouds 307
LXXXVIII On the Western Front 11 A. M., November 11, 1918 313
LXXXIX Paris With the Lid Off 318
XC Celebrating the Kaiser's Funeral 320
XCI Lieut. Colonel Pooley Leads Regiment into Germany 322
XCII Buffalo Boys Stand by as German Fleet Surrenders 325
XCIII When Johnny Came Marching Home 327
XCIV Putting Handcuffs on Disloyalty 340
XCV Four Minute Men of Buffalo . i 343
Buffalo's Part in the World War
Chapter Page
XCVI The Schools— The Children— The Teachers 345
XCVII Pasting the City with War Stamps 357
XCVIII Buffalo Chapter, American Red Cross 368
XCIX Boy Scouts Lend a Helping Hand 380
C The Military Training Camps Association 383
CI The United States Grain Corporation 387
CII What We Paid for Heat, Food and Clothing 390
cm Work of the Food Administrator 397
CIV National League for Woman's Service 404
CV The World War in Verse 405
CVI New 74th Regiment Infantry, N. G. S. N. Y 412
CVII New 65th Regiment Infantry, N. G. S. N. Y 414
CVIII Buffalo at Home and Her Visitors 417
CIX Home Defense Committee of Erie County 422
CX Child Welfare Program in War Time 424
CXI Belgian Relief Fund Committee 426
CXII Buffalo Police Reserves 427
CXIII For France and Her Allies 428
CXIV The Buffalo Thrift Kitchen 430
CXV Local Hygiene Lecture Campaign 433
CXVI Five Liberty Loan Campaigns 434
CXVII Independence Day, July 4, 1919 487
CXVIII In Conclusion 490
Buffalo and Erie County Roster
Our Heroic Dead 495
Erie County's Volunteer Chaplains 508
U. S. Army— Buffalo Roll Call 509
108th Regiment U. S. Infantry 612
106th Field Artillery 618
102d Trench Mortar Battery 623
U.S. Navy 624
U. S. Marines 664
Base Hospital No. 23— Male Members 675
Buffalonians in Polish Army 676
Red Cross Leaders 679
Red Cross Nurses 680
Buffalo Doctors Commissioned in Army and Navy 682
Volunteer Medical Service Corps — Buffalo Women 683
Young Men's Christian Association 684
Salvation Army 685
Knights of Columbus 685
Jewish Welfare Workers 685
Volunteers in U. S. Telephone Service 686
Erie County's Service Roster 687
THE CITY COUNCIL FOR YEAR 1919
Arthur W. Kreinheder John F. Malone
George S. Buck, Mayor
Frederick G. Baglev Charles M. Heald
ERIE COUNTY LEADERS OF WAR WORK ACTIVITIES
Howard A. Forman Walter P. Cooke James B. Stafford
Fuel Administrator Chairman Liberty Loan Committee Food Administrator, Buffalo
Charles Kennedy Robert W. Pomeroy Edward H. Butler
Food Administration Grain Corporation Chairman Red Cross Drives Chairman War Savings Stamp Committee
Oliver Cabana, Jr. William A. Rogers Frank S. McGraw
Food Administrator, Erie County Chairman United War Workers Chairman Red Cross Committee
ERIE COUNTY'S DISTINGUISHED
Col. Henry C. Jewett
316th Engineers — 91st Division
Hero of Montfaucon
MILITARY LEADERS
Col. William J. Donovan
165th Infantry
Rev. John C. Ward
Chaplain lOSth Infantry
Hero of Hindenburg Line and St. Souplet
Brig. Genl. Dennis E. Nolan
Of Genl. Pershing's Staff
Hero of Apremont
■42d Division
Hero of the Ourcq and the Argonne
Lieut. Col. William R. Pooley
7th Infantry — lid Division
First Erie County Commander to cross the Rhine
Daniel J. Sweeney
Editor
World War History Committee
FiNLEV H. Greene
Chairman
World War History Committee
PREFACE
BUFFALO will one day realize the tremendous gi'owth and development which its geo-
graphical location makes inevitable. As the years go by and we roll along toward
that period of community greatness, Buffalonians will search through the wi-itten pages
to visualize in pride or humility their community ancestry, just as the individual beams or
scowls ovei- his family tree. While men do not live in the past there is always a companion-
ship and an abiding interest in those who cut the path ahead of us, and history is ever a
congenial friend on the library shelf.
In these late days of 1918 and early days of 1919 we are too close to the World War to com-
pile a history of the war, but we can aim to produce a narrative in which we shall outline and
depict the activities of the men and women of Buffalo and the surrounding towns during the
years from 1914 to 1919 — an historical period. In that narrative we shall endeavor to portray —
perhaps 'twill be in a homely and inartistic way — but as accurately as man can, the events
at home and abroad in which Buffalonians and their neighbors participated.
In the chapters as they unfold the reader may expect to find : first, the record of the aver-
age American's early indifference to war reflected in Buffalo; then the indefatigable efforts of a
few patriots to arouse the community to the need for preparedness, the organization of the
National Army, the camps and the training of men, the overseas expeditions and the glorious
epic of Buffalo and Erie County boys on the battlefields of France and Belgium, suffer-
ing wounds inflicted by gas and shrapnel and machine gun bullets; fighting and dying, but
ever with their faces forward. And the reader may expect, also, to find chronicled the tre-
mendous task which fell to the men, the women and the children at home in the struggle
that was waged to make all the world safe for democi-acy.
This book was written when the facts were fresh in the minds of those who have so gen-
erously contributed to it. Indeed, this preface was in the course of preparation by the
editor in the office of the City Clerk in the City and County Hall on that November day,
1918, when the erroneous report of the signing of the armistice threw the community into
pandemonium.
Outside! All around! Even about the City Hall, removed fi'om the main arteries of
travel, the crowds were surging back and forth in the streets. Crowd leaders were endeavor-
ing to marshal their followers in the semblance of parade formation. Here and thei-e por-
tions of what once might have been a band gave out voluminously, if not harmoniously, the
strains of martial music. Confetti was everywhere, and from the highest windows of the
office buildings on the corner girls were thi'owing out spai'kling clouds of paper clipped to
snowflake size. Happiness in confusion appeared to have achieved its greatest triumph.
Enthusiasm was at its topmost pitch. The marchers, as their respective banners indicated,
were drawn from the great munition plants, from the high schools, from the law offices, from
the department stores and made up a cosmopolitan crowd from the avenues and institutions
where men and women earn their livelihood, or prepare themselves therefor.
It was among such surroundings I plodded on in the task pi-eviously undertaken of
preparing in an official way for historical reference the story of Buffalo's part in the war.
11
12 Buffalo's Part in the World War
Contemporaneous writers whose individual capacity for the task far overshadows mine
abound. But unfortunately perhaps for this work, it happened that I had been closely
associated with Buffalo's wai- program from the first day until, at least, the present hour.
Compilations of this sort are usually the result of painstaking effort. I surely will bow in
grateful appreciation if this one shall be deemed worthy of that last word of commendation.
The book can claim a foundation of information obtained at first hand, and to that extent
it will be a substantial edifice. Though its ornamentations may not be suggestive of the
broadest culture nor the highest scholarship, it will deal with men as they were and events as
they transpired among the masses of our citizenship. An inspiring skyline, a knowledge
that it is a story of the splendid sacrifices and brilliant achievements of a patriotic people
will tend, I am sure, to hold even the balance so that just recognition may be accorded to
each, whether his task was performed under the rays of heroic splendor on the battlefield or
in the equally arduous but less dangerous and more dimly illuminated walks of civic war work.
This record is not set down for the men and women of to-day. They have heai-d the shouts
I have heard, and viewed all the scenes I have seen. Most of them have been participants
in the local activities to the same extent. They therefore need no wi-itten narration. To them
this would be simply a ponderous volume, for the most part unattractive and without fasci-
nation. But for the children, the men and women of Buffalo of to-morrow, it is hoped it will
serve a useful pui'pose.
The reader may be compelled to pass wearily over many of its pages. The editor furnishes
a narrative. Style for its own sake often captivates while the story runs barren of in-
terest. Most of us seek the pages that throb and glow. I cherish, perhaps vainly, but
nevertheless earnestly, the hope that the grim, chill statistics of this municipal history will
be softened by the radiance of valorous deeds that shed a glory about it, and that those who
come after us will feel a certain contentment in the fact that the activities of Buffalo and
Erie County, during the crucial days of the Great World War, have been pi'eserved in impar-
tial data for the information of posterity.
The Editor.
BUFFALO
BUFFALO, like every other American city, began in 1914 to write an epochal chapter in its his-
tory, unconscious, of course, of the tremendous events impending. George D. Emerson
and Frank H. Severance, who spun the web which carries us back to the earliest days of our
community existence and who set out the historical monuments hereabout, tell us that prior to
the outbreak of the Civil War, a facetious individual remarked that Buffalo had had three notable
events in its history; namely, the destruction of the village by the British and Indians, December
30, 1813; the hanging of the three Thayers in 1825, made famous by the late George Ferris, one-
time editor of the Courier, and the big flood of 1844. Neither Mr. Emerson nor Mr. Severance
concurs in the opinion that those events should be classified as notable, though conceding that
they have "impressed themselves indelibly" upon the annals of the municipality. One of them,
at least, the first named, is epochal. The Civil War established the second epoch, and in this
year of 1919 we have just emerged from the third.
Of course, for the purposes of this book and for the men and women of this day, it is not essen-
tial that the memorable events of other eras be set down, but the men and women of to-morrow
may have a desire and surely have a right to know what manner of municipality we had at the
time the great World War involved and enveloped us.
The Niagara Frontier as a maker of history prior to this date, Mr. Emerson says, is entitled
to a much higher rank than is usually accorded to it by the average historian and a careful survey
of the various sections of the city of Buffalo reveals many spots which are associated, some with
national history, all with the history of this locality. Buffalo Ci'eek, or River, as it is known in
these later years, had been Buffalo Creek from time immemorial, so long that the mind of man
runneth not to the contrary; when, how or from whom or what it received the name, is buried
in the forgotten legends of the past. The city, located along this creek or river, received its
name, however, from the stream around which it has been built.
In point of known events, South Buffalo is the oldest part of the present city. On Buffalo
Creek, some three or four miles from its mouth, the first Seneca Indian villages were established
during the Revolutionary War, refugees settling there in 1779-80, after Sullivan's raid had de-
stroyed their old homes in the Genesee Valley. In earlier epochs the Eries had their home in
this region, but, as a nation, they were wiped out of existence in the disastrous campaign with the
Senecas in a bloody and decisive battle which took place near the head of Honeoye Lake. In
the neighborhood of these villages was built a council house, in which councils of national im-
portance were held and treaties of commensurate significance made. Associated with it are the
names of Young King, Farmer's Brother, Red Jacket, and other Indian celebrities. In this
vicinity was also the Seneca Mission church, built 1826, abandoned 1843, and gradually destroyed
during succeeding years. Indian Church Road now runs through the churchyard and near the
site of the building. In the old cemetery were the original graves of Red .Jacket and other chiefs,
and of Mary Jamison. Their bones were long since removed to other resting places — Mary
Jamison to "Glen Iris," the beautiful home of the Hon. William P. Letchworth, at Portage, in
1874, the chiefs to Forest Lawn in 1884 and 1894.
St. Paul's Episcopal Parish built the first Buffalo church, raising its structure at the corner of
Church and Erie streets in 1819. In that church the congregation of St. Paul's worshiped until
18.50 when the present stone edifice bounded by Pearl, Church and Erie streets was built. In
1823 the First Presbyterian Society erected a church on the opposite corner — Niagara and Church;
that church was rebuilt in 1827 and in 1891 the Society reared the now commanding edifice on
The Circle.
The present City Hall was opened for official purposes in 1876, being erected on a site formerly
used as a cemeteiy.
13
14 Buffalo's Part in the World War
Out of small beginnings has come the City of Buffalo of to-day, a great municipality sur-
rounded by highly developed smaller cities, as well as by villages and towns, all of which have
taken an important part in the world-wide struggle for the preservation of democracy.
In place of the muddy roads of earlier days Buffalo now has more than 600 miles of paved streets;
instead of the two or three churches of 1820, it has 260 churches, representing the widest freedom
of religious thought and belief. The city is located at an elevation of from 580 to 690 feet above
the level of the sea. Seventeen different railroads, thirteen of them trunk lines, enter the city.
It has seven interurban traction lines, and issues annually building permits of a value in excess
of $10,000,000. It has 66 public schools; three colleges and the University of Buffalo. It has
more than 40 parochial schools and several private schools, apart from the shorthand and business
colleges. Its hotel accommodations are up-to-date and extensive, including 60 registered hotels.
It has nineteen hospitals and six English daily newspapers.
Further data covering the municipality and facts in its history are here set forth in statistical
array :
Lake front (miles) 3.7
Realty transfers (yearly) ... 10.000
Suburban villages 20
River front (miles) . . 17.35
Libraries (public) — 7 branches ... 3
Libraries {distributing agencies) 166
Postal branches , 76
Letter Carriers 396
Banks — 5 state, 2 national, 5 trust companies, 4 savings, and 11 branch banks 27
Savings and loan associations 26
Bank clearances (1917) $982,563,624
Autos in use 30,000
Articles manufactured in city (of all different lines) 56%
Express companies . 5
Power companies 2
Auditoriums (municipal) 2
Theaters (regular) 9
Picture theaters 72
Street car passengers carried 191,200,048
Public school enrollment . 66,293
Steamship companies 14
Passenger boat lines . 4
Dwellings in Buffalo 76,391
BUFFALO, THE MUNICIPALITY
First settled in 1795
Incorporated as a village April 2, 1813
Incorporated as a city April 20, 1832
Area, square miles 42,161
Population, 1910 census 423,715
Population, State census, 1915 . 454,630
Population, 1919, estimated . 500,000
Registered voters, male and female 108,589
Assessed valuation, fiscal year beginning .July 1, 1919, and ending .June 30, 1920 . , $560,099,750
Tax rate, all purposes. 1919-1920 $26.88
Bonded debt . . $38,435,919.26
Miles of streets 636.858
Miles of street railway 223.40
Miles of water mains 610.32
Miles of sewers 568.2383
Miles of boulevard driveways 26.600
Breakwater, feet " 33,600
Parks 17
Boulevards 10
Buffalo's Part in the World War
15
Acreage — parks and boulevards 1,300
City playgrounds 17
City baseball diamonds 22
City football grounds 10
City tennis courts 5g
City skating ponds 21
Police stations 15
Regular police 800
Fire stations 56
Fire companies 56
Firemen 915
City employees, including laborers 7,865
Average daily water consumption, gallons per capita 339
Gas lights 9,288
Arc lights 5,459
Gasoline lights 270
Miles of paved streets 424
Buffalo is the terminus of the State Barge Canal.
10,000 vessel clearances annually.
300,000,000 bushels of grain handled annually.
More than 2,000,000 tons of pig iron produced annually.
Mills produce 25,000 barrels of flour daily.
2,500 manufacturing plants.
22 grain elevators, with total capacity of 28,250,000 bushels.
4 public markets.
Between November, 1914, and January, 1919, the wage earnings increased 70%.
REPRESENTATIVES IN CONGRESS
Fortielh District
S. Wallace Dempsey, 1914-1919
Forty-first District
Charles B. Smith, 1914-1919
Forty-second District
Daniel A. Driscoll, 1914-1917 William F. Waldow, 1917-1919
U. S. OFFICIALS AT BUFFALO
POSTMASTER
William F. Kasting, 1914 to June, 1916 George J. Meyer, June, 1916 to 1919
COLLECTOR OF CUSTOMS
George Bleistein, 1914-1918 George Davidson, July, 1918-1919
COLLECTOR OF INTERNAL REVENUE
Vincent J. Riordan, 1914-1919
U. S. DISTRICT ATTORNEY
Stephen V. Lockwood, 1914-1919
U. S. MARSHAL
Henry L. Fassett, 1914-1915 John D. Lynn, Nov., 1915-1919
U. S. APPRAISER
John T. Ryan, 1914-1919
CITY AND COUNTY OFFICERS 1914-1919
CITY OFFICERS
BOARD OF ALDERMEN— 1914-1915
John P. Sullivan, President, 1914
George J. Burley, President, 1915
D. J. Sweeney, City Clerk
1st Ward-
-JoHN P. Sullivan
15th Ward
2d Ward-
-Michael J. Healy
16th Ward
3d Ward-
-Edward P. Costello
17th Ward
4th Ward-
-Arthur J. Shea
18th Ward
5th Ward-
-Timothy P. Coughlin
19th Ward
6th Ward-
-Edward Stengel, Joseph Suttner
20th Ward
7th Ward-
-Edward J. Endres
21st Ward
8th Ward-
-Edward Sperry
22d Ward-
9th Ward-
-Anthony J. Walkowiak
23d Ward-
10th Ward-
-Frank Roskwitalski
24th Ward
11th Ward-
-Peter Mildenberger
25th Ward
12th Ward-
-George J. Burley
26th Ward
13th Ward-
-Otto L. Geyer
27th Ward-
14th Ward-
-John Fries
-George Kohl
-Frank T. Dance
-Joseph H. Houck
-Conrad J. Meyer
-Arnold T. Armbrust
-Frederick H. Holtz
-William G. Humphrey
-John Purcell
-George G. Davidson, Jr.
-Jospeh p. Broderick
-George J. Haffa
-Thomas H. McDonough
-Edward P. Kelly
BOARD OF COUNCILMEN— 1914-1915
Boleslaw Dorasewicz, President
William J. Coad William E. Glass
Francis T. Coppins Allan I. Holloway
Boleslaw Dorasewicz Theofil Kaitanowski
Horace C. Mills
William J. Warwick
William O. Weimar
January 1, 1916, the Commission form of Government was inaugurated
COUNCIL
Louis P. Fuhrmann, Mayor, 1916-1917
George S. Buck, Mayor, 1918-1919
Councilmen
Charles M. Heald, 1916-1919 Arthur W. Kreinheder, 1916-1919
Charles B. Hill, 1916-1917 John F. Malone, 1916-1919
Frederick G. Bagley, 1918-1919
D. J. Sweeney, Secretary
HEALTH COMMISSIONER
Francis E. Fronczak
FIRE COMMISSIONERS — 1914-1915
Simon Seibert Edward C. Burgard William Person
Bernard J. McConnell, Chief, 1914 to October 10, 1918
Edward P. Murphy, Chief. October 10, 1918, to 1919
POLICE COMMISSIONERS^1914-1915
Fred F. Klinck James B. Wall
Michael Regan, Chief, 1914-1915 Henry J. Girvin, Chief, 1918 to May 1, 1919
John Martin, Chief. 1916-1917 James W. Higgins, Chief, 1919
16
Buffalo's Part in the World War 17
comptroller
John F. Cochrane, 1914-1917
COMMISSIONER OF FINANCE AND ACCOUNTS
Charles B. Hill, 1916-1917 Charles M. Heald, 1918-1919
TREASURER
John Reimann, 1914-1915 Isaac N. Stewart, 1916-1919
ASSESSORS
John T. Mahoney, 1914-1917 John C. Betz
William J. Burke Charles J. Reuling, 1918-1919
AUDITOR
Joseph M. Gleason
COMMISSIONER OF PUBLIC WORKS
Francis G. Ward, 1914-1915 Arthur W. Kreinheder, 1916-1919
ENGINEERING COMMISSIONER
George H. Norton
WATER COMMISSIONER
Henry L. Lyon, 1914-1915 Thomas W. Kennedy, 1916
George C. Andrews, 1917-1919
STREET COMMISSIONER
Thomas W. Kennedy, 1914-1915 William F. Schwartz, 1916-1919
SUPERINTENDENT OF EDUCATION
Henry P. Emerson, 1914-1918 Ernest C. Hartwell, 1918-1919
OVERSEER OF THE POOR
Louis J. Kenngott
BUILDING COMMISSIONER
Frank T. Reynolds
CITY COURT
William P. Brennan, Chief Judge
Jiidyes
George L. Hager Peter Maul
Albert A. Hartzell Thomas H. Noonan
Patrick J. Keeler Clifford McLaughlin, 1918-1919
Frank W. Standart, 1918-1919
CHILDREN'S COURT
George E. Judge, Judge
18 Buffalo's Part in the World War
BOARD OF SUPERVISORS
Frank A. Dorn, Chairman
^.j^jjj) Alonzo G. Hinkley, Clerk
I^JAMES W. FiTZHENRY, 1914, 1915 1916, 1917; Thomas G. Lawley, 1918, 1919.
2— John C. O'Leary, 1914, 1915, 1916, 1917, 1918, 1919.
3— Thomas W. Scully, 1914, 1915, 1916, 1917, 1918, 1919.
4— Edward J. Kappler, 1914, 1915, 1916, 1917; Albert Fox, 1918, 1919.
5— John T. McBride, 1914, 1915, 1918, 1919; Robert Mulroy, 1916, 1917.
6— Edward Flore, 1914, 1915, 1916, 1917, 1918, 1919.
7— Samuel Frank, 1914, 1915, 1916, 1917, 1918, 1919.
8— Frederick W. Theobold, 1914. 1915; William Pfeiffer, 1916, 1917, 1918, 1919.
9— Patrick J. Hunt, 1914, 1915; Jacob Henseler, 1916, 1917; Louis D. Herko, 1918, 1919.
10— Michael Tobolski, 1914, 1915. 1916, 1917; Anthony Dropik, 1918, 1919.
11— James M. Mead, 1914; Edward Moylan, 1915; Oliver Hamister, 1916, 1917; Dennis J. Dee, 1918, 1919.
12— William A. Stambach, 1914, 1915; Charles M. Bogold, 1916, 1917, 1918, 1919.
13— Andrew Sprenger, 1914, 1915; Ernst F. Martinke, 1916, 1917; Edwin F. Jaeckle, 1918, 1919.
14— William Kumpf, 1914, 1915; George L. Schupp, 1916, 1917, 1918, 1919.
15— Max Kuczkowski, 1914, 1915; John H. Dietrich, 1916, 1917, 1918, 1919.
16— B. Michalski, 1914, 1915; Joseph W. Becker, 1916, 1917, 1918, 1919.
17— William J. Beier, .Jr., 1914, 1915, 1916, 1917, 1918, 1919.
18— Edward C. Franklin, 1914, 1915; Frank A. Dorn, 1916, 1917, 1918, 1919.
19— Charles E. Arber, 1914, 1915; Charles J. Koch, 1916, 1917; George Wild, 1918, 1919.
20— John C. Sturm, 1914. 1915, 1916, 1917; Thomas E. Lawrence, 1918, 1919.
21— George Klein, 1914, 1915; William Fink, 1916, 1917, 1918, 1919.
22— Charles B. Reinhardt, 1914, 1915; Fred A. Bradley, 1916, 1917; William F. Langley, 1918, 1919.
23— Harvey D. Blakeslee, Jr., 1914, 1915; Hervey J. Drake, 1916, 1917; Robert C. Palmer, 1918, 1919.
24— William B. Lawless, 1914, 1915; Joseph P. Broderick. 1916, 1917, 1918, 1919.
25— Carlton E. Ladd, 1914, 1915, 1916, 1917, 1918, 1919.
26— Thomas H. McElvein, 1914, 1915, 1916, 1917; Thomas H. McDonough, 1918, 1919.
27— John Lunghino, 1914, 1915; Bartholomew Oddo, 1916, 1917, 1918, 1919.
Alden Otto H. Wende, 1914, 1915, 1916, 1917, 1918, 1919.
Amherst Lee W. Britting, 1914, 1915, 1916, 1917, 1918, 1919.
Aurora Asher B. Emery, 1914, 1915; Richard S. Persons, 1916, 1917, 1918, 1919.
Boston Philip D. Weber, 1914, 1915; Howell Drake, 1916, 1917, 1918, 1919.
Brant WILLIAM F. Avey, 1914, 1915, 1916, 1917, 1918, 1919.
Cheektowaga . . . Frank Wildy, 1914, 1915, 1916, 1917; William C. Heeb, 1918, 1919.
Clarence Theodore Krehbiel, 1914, 1915, 1916, 1917, 1918, 1919.
Golden William F. Frantz, 1914, 1915, 1916. 1917, 1918, 1919.
Collins Frank H. Briggs, 1914, 1915. 1916, 1917, 1918, 1919.
Concord George E. Stedman, 1914, 1915; Glenn N. Oyer, 1916, 1917; Alton C. Bates, Ira H.
Vail, 1918, 1919.
East Hamburg . . Frank F. Holmwood, 1914, 1915, 1916, 1917, 1918, 1919.
Eden Edgar M. Bunting, 1914, 1915; Charles H. Ide, 1916, 1917; Henry A. Bley, 1918,
1919.
Elma Ernest M. Hill, 1914, 1915; Benjamin J. Eldridge, 1916, 1917, 1918, 1919.
Evans Marve Harwood, 1914, 1915, 1916, 1917; Julius M. Schwert, 1918, 1919.
Grand Island . . . Adam Kaiser, 1914, 1915, 1916, 1917; Henry W. Long, 1918, 1919.
Hamburg William Kronenberg, 1914, 1915, 1916, 1917; George B. Abbott, 1918, 1919.
Holland Henry Bangert, 1914, 1915, 1916, 1917; O. R. Whitney, 1918, 1919.
Lackawanna City . Thomas Delaney, 1914; Michael J. Mescall, 1915, 1916, 1917; Martin T. Ryan, 1918,
1919.
Lancaster John L. Staeber, 1914, 1915, 1916, 1917, 1918, 1919.
Marilla Jesse G. B.artoo, 1914, 1915, 1916, 1917, 1918, 1919.
Newstead Frank M. Stage, 1914, 1915; George A. Funke, 1916, 1917, 1918, 1919.
North Collins . . ^ Joseph Thiel, 1914, 1915; Howard W. Butler, 1916, 1917, 1918, 1919.
Sardinia Robert R. Olin, 1914, 1915; J. Gilbert Allen, 1916, 1917, 1918, 1919.
Tonawanda .... Robert A. Toms, 1914, 1915, 1916, 1917; Arthur R. Atkinson, 1918, 1919.
Tonawanda City . . John K. Patton, 1914, 1915, 1916, 1917; William Stryker, 1918, 1919.
Wales Fred Kratt, 1914, 1915, 1916, 1917, 1918, 1919.
West Seneca ... Christian L. Schudt, 1914, 1915, 1916, 1917, 1918, 1919.
Buffalo's Part in the World War 19
COUNTY OFFICERS
SHERIFF
Frederick G. Becker, 1914 Edward Stengel, 1915-1917
Frederick A. Bradley, 1918-1919
COUNTY JUDGE
Philip A. Laing, 1914 to May, 1919 George B. Burd, 1919
DISTRICT ATTORNEY
Wesley C. Dudley, 1914-1917 Guy B. Moore, 1918-1919
SURROGATE
Louis B. Hart
COUNTY TREASURER
Franklin E. Bard, 1914-1918 Severn A. Anderson, 1919
COUNTY CLERK
Simon A. Nash, 1914-1915 John H. Meahl, 1916-1919
COUNTY AUDITOR
George S. Buck, 1914-1917 Frederick C. Gaise, 1918-1919
COMMISSIONER OF CHARITIES AND CORRECTIONS
William Hunt
STATE SENATORS
Forly-cl(j}dh Dhtrict
John F. Malone, 1914 ' Clinton T. Horton, 1915-1917
Ross Graves, 1917-1919
Forty-ninth District
Samuel J. Ramsperger, 1914-1919
Fiftieth District
Gottfried H. Wende, 1914 William P. Greiner, 1915-1917
Leonard W. Gibbs, 1917-1919
ASSEMBLYMEN
First District
William H. Warhus, 1914 Allen Keeney, 1915
Alexander Taylor, 1916-1918
Second District
Clinton T. Horton, 1914 Ross Graves, 1915-1916
John W. Slacer, 1917-1918
Third District
Albert F. Geyer, 1914 Nicholas J. Miller, 1915-1918
Fourth District
Patrick W. Quigley, 1914 James M. Mead, 1915-1918
Fifth District
Richard F. Hearn, 1914 Arthur G. McElroy, 1915
John A. Lynch, 1916-1917 A. A. Patrzkowski, 1918
Sixth District
Leo F. Tucholka, 1914 Peter C. Jezewski, 1915-1916
A. A. Patrzykowski, 1917 George H. Rowe, 1918
Seventh District
William P. Greiner, 1914 John F. Heim, 1915
Joseph Roemhild, Jr., 1916 Earl G. Danser, 1917
H. a. Zimmerman, 1918
Eiglilh District
Wallace Thayer, 1914 Leonard W. Gibbs, 1915-1916
H. a. Zimmerman, 1917 Nelson W. Cheney, 1918
Ninth District
Frank B. Thorn, 1915 Nelson W. Cheney, 1916-1917
20 Buffalo's Part in the World War
CHAPTER I
WITH MINDS UNSHOD OF WAR
ON August 2, 1914, Kaiser Wilhelm II, Emperor of Germany, set his military machine
against Belgium in a quest for world domination. His recognized aim was to advance the
HohenzoUern dynasty, to secure a place in the sun, to establish and entrench "Deutsch-
land Ueber Alles " at any brutal cost. Buffalonians at that time were enjoying the rare advan-
tages which the lake and river recreation spots hereabout afforded in the heated days of
midsummer. The Buffalo newspapers of that particular morning held no story of greater local
importance than a recital of the activities and pleasures of the throngs in the parks and at the
beach resorts.
Political sensations which had seeped from a collapsed water works pumping station and clung
around sundry aldermanic delinquencies were the discordant notes of the moment. They shared
the company of a rampant reappearance of a periodical investigation which beset the Depart-
ment of Public Works. These formed the basis for a charter reform campaign which held public
interest just at that time over all the other questions of immediate local concern. The public
mind was wholly free of matters of grave import. The cost of living was not high. Employ-
ment was plentiful. Industry was thriving. Buffalo had grown rapidly in population and com-
merce, and the people were contented and prosperous.
The story of war in Europe which came over the cable that day appealed to the people in no
heavier vein than might a story detailing the movements of a set of manikins or fabled brownies.
War was something the world seemed to have passed by forever. Disturbances could come?
Yes! But it was difficult to realize that great nations like those of Germany and France and
Russia and Great Britain would engage in a killing conflict. The violent death of Austria's
Archduke, Serbia's invasion, and the other royal rumblings which announced the advance of
Germany's terrible military machine, awakened no tragic interest among the people here; in
fact, so substantially imbedded was the idea of war's impossibility, that for days and weeks
many thousands of Buffalonians continued in the belief that Germany's purpose and Belgium's
plight were not real.
Through the last days of August, through September and October, Buffalo's interest centered
to a far greater degree — oh, to an immensely greater degree! — in the progress of the campaign
for the adoption of a commission form of government than in the European war. Gradually,
however, we were coming to realize that the war was real. But it was far removed from us.
Some old families of German origin received word of relatives engaged in the conflict. That
fact aroused their interest in the progress of the campaign. Buffalo, having a substantial Cana-
dian population, found another proportional source of interest in the announcement that the
British Government would need Canadian troops. England called early for her continental
forces, and, as weeks went by the activity across the Niagara River drew our attention to the
spread of the tremendous struggle, but no thought of American participation at any time entered
the public mind. We went serenely and quietly along our several and respective occupational
ways. Our concern in the war was not deep-rooted. Buffalo was engaged in its pursuits of
peace, and easily anticipated that the sober and sanei- minds of Europe would presently and sud-
denly end it all satisfactorily. That thought left undisturbed those who had given any serious
attention to the matter. Others were not interested. The closing months of 1914 found no
great war concern prevalent in the city, and interest was less in other localities throughout the
United States about in proportion to the distance one travelled away from the Canadian border.
In the minds of Buffalo men and women, through all the years of the Republic, there had been
implanted the story of only one lighteous war — the victorious struggle of America for liberty
and independence. They knew that as a result of that war the United States had determined to
Buffalo's Part in the World War 21
remain free from all foreign entanglements, and to insure our non-activity in Old World conflicts
our forefathers had established a policy long known as the Monroe Doctrine. We warned Eu-
rope not to interfere in our affairs; and, for our part, pledged the United States to abstain from
interference in Europe. History, on numerous occasions, vindicated the wisdom of that course.
The Monroe Doctrine became one of the institutions of America, and, although since the days
of its adoption we had advanced rapidly among the nations of the world, and although the modern
means of communications, the mails, the wireless, the ocean greyhounds, and the increase of our
trade and travel had brought us close to Europe and made our isolation, perhaps, more imagi-
nary than real, still at the outbreak of this struggle there was no sentiment for a change in the
policy which had for so long given us peace. In the American mind it was an irrefutable mandate.
This brief, though perhaps, unnecessary, explanation of a mental picture which hung in the
gallery of every American mind may be founrl useful to Buffalonians in after years as they study
the men and women and activities of this period. It may explain to them why the outbreak of
the war caught everybody here by surprise. Europe, steeped in wrangles, could readily, perhaps,
contemplate such a vicious onslaught on the ideals of civilization, but here the war was incom-
prehensible. A war among civilized nations? Impossible! It is somewhat difficult to write
into this narrative an explanation which will adequately convey to those who are to come after
us how utterly impregnable were the American minds in 1914 to the booming of those first guns
on the battlefields of France or the rumble of the trucks through Belgium and Luxemburg. We
were simply shock-proof against war. The slaying of the Austrian Aix-hduke, Francis Ferdinand,
at Sarajevo on June 28th held no gi-eater portent to most of our minds than the jumping of a king
on the checker board by rival players in a neighboring firehouse. And yet in the echo and con-
fusion of that assassination were the hoofbeats which told in terrifying terms to all of Belgium,
France and England of the coming of the Prussian War Machine.
Early in August, Potsdam declared war. Several days before — on .July 28th— had begun
its— let us call it its predetermined assault on Serbia. The German invasion of Belgium started
like the rush of a mad bull and was consummated with Hunnish cruelty. As the Kaiser's army
trampled over the courageous forces of that small nation and swarmed on down into France
interest suddenly became aroused and it may be said to have become general in the United States
by September 6th, the date on which the advance of Von Kluck towards Paris was stopped by
the French under Joffre near the Marne River. The concern of Buffalonians, however, was the
concern of disintei-ested onlookers. The announcement by an umpire giving the names of the
rival batteries for the day's baseball game at the Ferry Street ball pai-k occasioned about the
same relative interest as the telegraph despatches outlining the progress of the contending forces
on the French and Belgian battlefields. Each side was championed here by those among us of
foreign birth according to the location of their nativity, but the masses of Buffalo, at that early
day, saw no issue involved which affected our individual life or our national policy. "Let them
fight it out," was a common ejaculation among those who stopped to discuss the question. There
was no direct assault on our rights. No i-eason why we should become entangled; as a matter
of fact, had a modern and local Diogenes gone out with his lantern to find the plain spoken man
among us he might have returned with the imijression that only oui- sporting blood had been
aroused. The lackadaisical folk awoke. That seemed to be all. Among city officials, at the
clubs, in the hotel foyers, everywhere the same indifference over the war's progress. Only where
one had a relative involved among the contending forces was there serious battle thought. To
most of us it was a purely European dispute. It never entered into the discussions, not even
into our thoughts, that we had need take sides in such a conflict. It detracted nothing from
our amusements. It curbed none of our wastes. We were prospei-ous, generally speaking, for
wages were good. It was the natural thing for us to go unshod of all vital concern in the troubles
of France, or Germany or England. We did sympathize with Belgium. The little buffer coun-
try had our good will from the start, just as the little fellow carries the heart of the onlooker in
every conflict with a "bully." But in the main enterprise we took no side.
22 Buffalo's Part in the World War
The Monroe Doctrine towered out before us second only to the doctrine cut in stone on Mount
Sinai. Accordingly, President Wilson's early proclamation of neutrality was received by the
people as a natural and inevitable course. He put into words the sentiment of the people as
accurately as that sentiment will ever be conveyed from the hearts to the minds of men. **Every
man who really loves America/' his message ran, "will act and speak in the true spirit of neu-
trality, which is the spirit of impartiality and fairness and friendliness to all concerned." That
spirit had already found a lodging place here and the President's appeal met no counter currents.
We, surely, at that moment and in that period were solidly neutral.
It will be no easy thing for a student in the coming years, as he goes over the events of these
days, to disassociate from the history of local affairs of this period all thoughts of war and the
tremendous crushing out of life as the fighting machines of Europe clawed back and forth over
the battlefields of France and Belgium. It is difficult for even a contemporaneous writer to
clear his mind of the rumblings from across the ocean as he endeavors to set down aright the
record of that day at home. But the masses were able to do it. Their minds functioned in more
contented fields. Home, family, office— at work, in recreation, or at rest no trouble was astir.
The commission charter contest* came in November with its climacteric fierceness. The rival
forces stormed from automobiles on the street corners, and before the swarming, overalled throng
*On January 1, 1916, the first Council of the City of Buffalo, created under the new commission form of government, came into existence. The
scene of the inauguration was the old Council Chamber on the third floor of the City and County Hall. The chamber that day looked the part
of a display room of a metropolitan florist, or the main gallery at the annual flower show. Nothing like it had ever before come to pass, and the
well wishes on which the new government floated into power were perfumed with the fairest fragrance of the rose. The old government stepped
out. Let it be said the retiring officials did it gracefully. They took their place in the throng that sang the praises of the new government, and
joined in the welcome extended to the incoming representatives. How much heart they had in the task is not of much moment. They stood
the ordeal, and gave a smile and Godspeed to their successors.
This new government had its beginning, though not its origin, with the war. Some months prior to the outbreak of hostilities in Europe,
Senator John F. Malone fought a battle for its adoption in the Senate Chamber at Albany. The campaign for its acceptance by the people of
Buffalo was at the height of the drive when the armies of the younger Moltke crossed the Belgium line in the first German offensive. The commis-
sion government campaign involved the overthrow of a form of city administration which had existed for more than a quarter of a century and
through which had become entrenched several exceptionally able men, listed among the most powerful political figures in the local public affairs
of their day. They were the controlling factors in the government; and, in its most exciting phase, the drive for the new Charter was a drive for
the destruction of the political power and position of those men. Two of the leaders — John P. Sullivan and Col. Francis G. Ward — fell with the
success of the new government, the latter, a very sick man throughout the final stages of the campaign, died within a week after the election
which had recorded his defeat. The third member of that triumvirate was Mayor Louis P. Fuhrmann Under the terms of the new charter he
continued in office to the end of the term for which he had been elected — January 1st, 1918- He was a candidate for re-election in November of
1917, but was defeated by George S. Buck by a plurality of 10,000.
Many students of municipal government, of whom George B. Burd, William Burnett Wright, Frank M. Loomis, A. J. Elias, Knowlton
Mixer, Oliver G. LaReau, Lewis Stockton and Charles J. Staples might be mentioned as leaders, had for many years in public forums of one kind
or another advocated the consideration of this simplified form of municipal management. They urged it in season and out. Mr. Stockton suc-
ceeded on one or two occasions in having it submitted to a popular vote, but the public interest was not sufficiently aroused to make the showing
an impressive one. The small body of campaigners, following each such disastrous occasion, returned undaunted to their academic discussion
of the subject. Their motto was "Carry On."
The Buffalo Board of Aldermen continued to create antagonisms as boards of aldermen and other legislative bodies frequently do. Mayor
Fuhrmann ran afoul of the aims of the political organization of his party, and lost the support of William H. Fitzpatrick, chairman of the Demo-
cratic County Committee. Fred Greiner, a very keen and forceful political leader, then at the head of the Republican organization, was not con-
cerned with the political destinies either of Mayor Fuhrmann, nor those in control of the legislative branch of the city government. Consequently
he had no heart for a fight against the reform movement. With an attitude of indifference or secret hostility existing in the two great parties
towards the existing government and its controlling heads, the reform element pressed on. At that period William J. Conners, owner of the Buffalo
Courier and Buffal > Enquirer, two influential newspapers, opened a vigorous campaign for the adoption of the new form of government, and senti-
ment was sufficiently aroused to force its enactment over the opposition of the city officials. Senator Malone at Albany guided the measure through
the devious and precarious channels of legislation.
The State Constitution requiring the signature of the Mayor of the city to all special legislation, the new charter suddenly encountered another
hurdle and was obliged, in the course of its legislative progress, to come to Mayor Fuhrmann for his consideration and approval. The Mayor
expressed no opinion as to his probable course. The law as passed carried a provision that it should not be effective unless approved by a majority
of the people on a referendum vote, and, apart from the real merits of the measure itself, came the question of whether or not the people should
be permitted to sav if thev wanted this new form of government. The speakers in support of the measure at the hearing before the Mayor in-
cluded George H." Kennedy, W. H. Crosby. Charles J. Staples, George B. Burd, Mrs. Frank J. Shuler. Charles M. Heald. William B. Wright,
Peter B. Smokowski, G. Barrett Rich, Max Nowak, Carlos C. Alden, Mrs. Frank Bliss, W. A. Eckert, Charles Rohlfs. Alderman Fred H. Holtz,
Irving S. Underhill. Melvin P. Porter, Francis F. Baker. Roland Crangle, Chauncey J. Hamlin, A. J. Elias, L. W. Simpson, C. T. Horton, George
G. Davidson, John Purcell, C. B. Matthews, E. H. Buddenhagen, Mrs. Melvin P. Porter, Gus Wende, Frank H. Callan, Knowlton Mixer, Oliver
G. LaReau, and Dr. F. Park Lewis. There may have been others on the occasion of the hearing. The Mayor's reception room was packed to
the doors and the corridors of the City Hall were thronged with an eager, earnest crowd; denied admission by reason of physical impossibility of
getting more people into the small space which the Mayor's office afforded, they crowded into the Council Chamber and there held an indignation
meeting demanding that the hearing be stopped until a larger room was made available for those unable to reach the Mayor's office. The imper-
turbable Mayor again and again declined to listen to these appeals. He stood like adamant, insisting that the hearing was scheduled for the
Mayor's office; that it would be held there, and that everyone who wanted to speak either for or against the measure would be heard if it took a
week to hear them all. Those who spoke against the acceptance of the measure included: Simon Fleischmann, Arthur W. Hickman, Thomas C.
Burke. W. H. Tennant. D. J. Sweeney, Charles L. Feldman, Miss Mary L. O'Connor. President of the School Teachers' League, President Joseph
Lynch of the Erie Club ithe policemen's organization), Dr. Pettit, William Schoenhut, Louis E. Desbecker, Frank S. Burzynski, John Coleman,
delegate of the United Trades and Labor Council, President Edward Boore of the Dauntless Club (the firemen's organization), John F. Cochrane,
City Comptroller. Henry W. Killeen, Vito Christiano, James Smith, John J. Griffin, and possibly others.
The hearing lasted two full days. At times acrimonious and bitter it concluded in harmony. Touching every fibre in the whole list of human
emotions it ended in an exchange of courtesies. The Mayor vetoed the measure, as might reasonably have been anticipated and expected. Some
part of its support was aiming at his oflicial life. After the veto the measure was returned to the Legislature at Albany where Senator Malone,
with the aid of his powerful friends in that body and at home, succeeded in passing it over the veto of the Mayor ~a very exceptional and remark-
able achievement. It was then opposed before Governor Glynn, but received the approval of the State's Chief Executive and came to a vote
of the people in November of that year. It carried by a vote of 36,327 in favor; 21,011 against. The following year 46 candidates^presented
themselves for nomination as commissioners to the four places to be filled. The successful candidates were Arthur W. Kreinheder, Charles M.
Heald, Charles B. Hill and John F. Malone, and together with Mayor Fuhrmann they administered the affairs of the city during the earlier period
of the war. At the beginning of 1918, Mayor Buck succeeded Mayor Fuhrmann as a result of the preceding election and Frederick G. Bagley,
who served as chairman of the commission government association during the campaign before the people for ratification of the charter, succeeded
Charles B. Hill upon the latter's appointment as chairman of the State Public Service Commission.
The new Council came into the government at an eventful period in the city's history, and their work will necessarily be for all time a. matter
of concern and interest to those of later years, particularly those into whose keeping the destinies of the city are entrusted. — Editor
Buffalo's Part in the World War
23
In Pre- War Days
Members of the old Both Regiment in training — About to break camp
that poured out of the factories. They exhibited their argumentative wares wherever a public
forum would afford the opportunity.
5 Election Day — and the new government had won an overwhelming victory. A good day's
work — then the citizens rested. Reformers, statesmen and politicians drew each respective
belt one eye-hole tighter. The scent of newer game was in the air. And so the time went by
from the winter of 1914-1915 to the Spring and Summer and Fall of 1915. Candidates multi-
plied for the new municipal posts like the leaves on the trees. Public interest was focused on
these new developments of personal ambitions and zeal for public service. A few contracts
from the Allied governments coming into the factories of Buffalo increased the demand for labor.
This widening industrial field of opportunity again enhanced the prosperity of the people. War
contracts were added to our list of productive occupations. The salaries of ordinary mechanics
rapidly advanced, and we began to feel — but only in a pecuniarily profitable way — the effects
of the war. The Mayor's message of 1915 contained no mention of the war nor its local effects.
His communication to the new Council in 1916 was likewise barren of war references. Though
the presence of the European struggle was felt in the industries and reviewed in the newspapers,
in the minds of the masses of the people it had drawn no nearer to us at the beginning of 1916
than it had been in the closing days of '14. We heard of the use of poison gas and of liquid flame.
Stories of Vimy Ridge floated across the border. The Canadian casualty lists contained the
names of boys from Toronto, Bridgeburg, Fort Erie, Port Colborne and other nearby Canadian
points. The spread of the submaiine warfare incited local interest and the presence of the
"Deustchland," the underseas merchant ship from Germany, attracted our attention and elicited
expressions of admiration, but all these were happenings in a field from which we seemed wholly
and everlastingly eliminated.
24 Buffalo's Part in the World War
CHAPTER II
MONROE DOCTRINE ROCKS ON ITS BASE
THE first thought of a newer condition in our affairs might be traced to a speech delivered by
President Wilson before the League to Enforce Peace on May 27th, 1916. In that speech
for the first time in the history of the Republic, a President of the United States had indi-
cated that this Nation would have to give up its position of isolation behind the Monroe Doctrine
and assume the responsibilities of a world power. The League to Enforce Peace was organized
in Philadelphia, Jime 17th, 1915. It proposed as a fundamental plank of its origin that a League
of Nations be created at the end of the war for the purpose of setting up "a Judicial Tribunal
and a Council of Conciliation," and of using jointly economic and military force against any
nation belonging to the League that should go to war without first placing the questions involved
befoi-e the court or council of conciliation. It also proposed that conferences should be held
from time to time for the purpose of formulating and codifying rules of international law. Wil-
liam H. Taft was chosen as the first president of the League, and Alton B. Parker, a former chief
judge of the Court of Appeals of the State of New York, and a former candidate for President
of the United States, was chosen vice-president. President Wilson's first speech touching on the
newer foreign policy had such a forum for its dissemination. It is readily conceivable that the
speech delivered by the President in May, 1916, would have aroused, one year earlier, a storm of
bitter protest and of wide pohtical portent. By that time, however, we had had many diplo-
matic exchanges with both England and Germany. The former Nation could not agree entirely
with the policy that we sought for the control of the seas. The authorities at Washington had
foreseen that complications on the seas might draw us into the conflict. As early as August,
1914, Secretary of State Bryan had despatched a note to all the powers then at war pointing
out rather clearly, it seemed, that serious trouble might arise out of the uncertainty of neutrals
as to their maritime rights and suggesting that the Declaration of London be accepted by all
nations for the period of the war. The reply of Great Britain was not entirely satisfactory, for
she could not accept in full any program which treated the questions of the sea apart, and
entirely so, from questions governing the powers on land. England's strength was in her Navy.
To bind her naval operations, without binding the land movements of other powers jointly
therewith, did not appeal to her. Probably it was illogical to expect more from England than
England then offered, but the American people, or a substantial portion thereof, were disap-
pointed in the reply. It did not tend to clarify the situation, nor did it carry any assurance that
neutral nations in the enforcement of their maritime rights would be able to steer clear of friction.
Our neutrality was real, but it was not easy to maintain, and Secretary of State William J.
Biyan soon found his relations with the Administration strained; his retirement from the Cab-
inet a natural course, and, from his point of view, inevitable. Controversies between this Nation
and Great Britain soon arose. These, while disturbing, did not seriously threaten our neutrality,
for the questions at issue concerned propei-ty rights and were fully covered, as the country under-
stood, by existing treaties between this country and Great Britain. Whatever impression this
attitude of England may have had upon the government of the United States, the trend of thought
it created among the people was not what might reasonably and naturally have been expected.
Instead of turning the public mind and the public hands to matters of preparation, it simply
aroused a sentiment something akin to indifference over England's fate. Nor did the German
propagandists, ah'eady busily burrowing in their rabbit-like way, overlook the opportunity it
afforded to shake loose the none too tightly-bound ties between the two great nations of English
speaking people. Simultaneously with these occurrences Germany stirred up among its popu-
lation a resentment against the people of the United States — or, rather, the government of the
United States. Germany endeavored to foi-ce a discontinuance of our trade in munitions with
Buffalo's Part in the World War 25
belligerent nations by an appeal on humanitarian grounds. Coming from a nation whose atro-
cities in Belgium and on the high seas were already beginning to cry for vengeance, it attracted
no great measure of serious attention either at Washington or among the people throughout the
several States of the Union. The correspondence of the Pi-esident with London and Berlin on
these and other questions had earned for him the title of "Our Letter-wi'iting President."
When President Wilson addressed the League to Enforce Peace he had determined to strike
a new and significant note in our foreign policy. The day of our national aloofness was about
to pass, though the masses of America did not fully realize it even after the President had spoken.
He pictured in his address that day the principles on which lasting peace must rest, and reached
1 conclusion, not drawn but forced, that the time had arrived for us to assume a new position
among the nations of the world. He said :
"So sincerely do we believe these things that I am sure that I speak the mind and wish of the
people of America when I say that the United States is willing to become a partner in any feasible
association of nations formed in order to realize these objects (lasting peace) and make them
secure against violation."
The sinking of the Lusitania, with its precious cargo of men, women and children, perpetrated
by U-boats on May 7th, 1915, the terrible affliction and suffering occasioned by the use of poison
2;as on the field of battle had laid the foundation wherein the President's clearly stated intention
Df departing from the tenets and restrictions of the Monroe doctrine brought no criticism; in
'act, won commendation from the people.
Our chief grievances against Germany grew out of the vicious use made of her underseas boats,
:he wanton murder of innocent women and children and of peaceful men — noncombatants —
Taveling along the public highway of the ocean; the presence in this country of German spies,
Df paid agents to disturb the peace and destroy the property of American citizens. Those and
she constant quibbles and misrepresentation created an atmosphere of uneasiness. A smoulder-
ng volcano of hostility to the policy and purposes of the Imperial German Government was here,
:hough not entirely discernible to the naked eye. And yet the thought of taking an active part
n the European war was very, very far from most of our minds. The belief was general that
Germany would back down before she would risk an open rupture with the United States, but
t is apparent that this belief was not entertained at Washington ; in fact, all evidence is to the
contrary.
In a speech at St. Louis, Mo., in February of 1916 the President said: "The danger is not
Tom within, gentlemen, it is from without, and I am bound to tell you that that danger is con-
stant and immediate, not because anything new has happened, not because there has been any
change in our international relationships with recent weeks or months, but because the danger
;omes with every turn of events."
The President was speaking from an active and close association with the intricacies of our
•elations with the belligerent nations and the difficulties he was expei'iencing in maintaining, in
;he face of these, a strict neutrality. The public was far away from that standpoint. The reader
jf history is concerned only with the book before him and the incidents it unfolds, while the man
)n the street in the history-making period is concerned intimately only with the things which
surround his daily life; and with no feature of this war, save the headlines in the newspapers,
lad the man on the street as yet come in contact. Eai'ly in Octobei-, 1916, the U-boats made a
'aid on English shipping oft" Nantucket. For a moment there was surprise and concern. Could
Germany strike America from her submarines? Germany had already curtailed her underseas
activity at the request of this government, and that was taken as an evidence of her good faith ;
;hough here again we were fooled. The U-boats' visit was soon dismissed, and the spirit of in-
lifference returned.
Buffalo's Part in the World War 27
CHAPTER III
SCENTING THE BATTLE AFAR
DURING the Fall of 1915 some of the leading men of the nation somewhat incensed by the
spread of German propaganda, and outraged by the depredations of the German submarine
commanders (we still partially, at least, absolved the German Government from the crime
of murdering those helpless women and children and attributed it to unrestrained Huns in charge
of the boats) began a movement looking to national preparedness. It was at first simply a
publicity enterprise to attract public attention to our deficiencies in the event of war. They
called it a hobby of the idle rich. Let it be that; but, nevertheless, it had a foundation in
the earth's illumination as the European conflagration shot its flames across the heavens.
Students of human nature and of history could not help but see the blazing sky. And it was
red !
A meeting called by Joseph Choate, former American Ambassador to the Court of St. James,
distinguished citizen and accomplished statesman, was held at the Bankers' Club in the City of
New York on November 3d, 1915. Every American city was invited to participate in that
gathering, and, while the meeting held many of the most representative men of the Nation, the
unrepresented cities would have made a much longer list than those whose repre.sentatives were
present. Buft'alo appeared at that confei-ence through its Mayor, Louis P. Fuhrmann, and
Evan P. Hollister — the latter a member of the law firm of Rogers, Locke & Babcock — a very
early and earnest worker for preparedness and one who eventually saw sei'vice with the American
Expeditionary Forces in France. The meeting sounded keenly the call for American activity
in preparation for home defense in the event the European struggle should ever sweep across the
ocean. We are not sure that those concerned in these preparedness plans wei'e grave or appre-
hensive in their work. However, they were earnest. None went around with whitened face, but
as sound thinkers and farsighted men they saw — behind the good-natured, happy, well-paid
forces of the Nation — a dark background. It was not discernible to most of us. It must have
been to those men, for their activities were of a nature to spread bi'oadly the preparedness prop-
aganda.
Mayor Fuhrmann spoke for Buffalo at the meeting, and in his address set forth briefly and
concisely our general attitude :
Mr. Toastmaster and Honored Guests:
I want to thank Mr. Choate and the gentlemen in charge of this gathering for their courtesy shown me in asking
me to participate with them and all of us in this initial meeting in the Empire State in behalf of national preparedness.
Buffalo, the city of which I have the honor to be the official head for the time being, is solidly in favor of the great
enterprise which inspires our coming together this afternoon.
Notwithstanding that Buffalo is on the Canadian border and for more than one hundred years has lived in peace
with the people of Canada, four hundred and fifty thousand of us stoutly favor every reasonable effort looking to
adequate national preparedness.
Buffalo, the one uniquely cosmopolitan city of the United States — a city composed of almost equal parts of a citi-
zenship of German, Irish, Italian, Hungarian and Polish antecedents — is in unanimous accord with the sentiment
"America First" and an America able at all times to take care of herself on land and sea, at home and abroad,
under any and all circumstances.
The people of Buffalo do not want the United States to go to war with any nation on earth — they desire peace and
good will between Americans and all others. Yet, if wars do come in the future, even as wars have sometimes been
our national portion in the past, then every last Buffalonian will be proud to have his country ready for the foe,
and everything that you and I and the rest of us can do toward creating an invincible America will be in accord with
the highest ethics and the highest patriotism, and will prove that we are worthy of those who bequeathed to us a
great, progressive, enlightened Republic.
We had no serious objection to others going to war as long as they remained on the European
■continent and did not interfere with our peace and contentment. Germany, however, was even
28 Buffalo's Part in the World War
then engaged in arousing a hostile agitation on our Southern border by the means of paid agents
among the Mexicans, which, in later years we learned, had its inspiration right in the royal chairs
of the German imperial war lords; and, coupled with other overt acts on the highseas and here-
tofore spoken of, made it fairly certain that if war came our way it would be war with Germany.
Neither the Mayor's speech nor the occasion for it attracted any great amount of attention
here at home. The episode may have impressed the Mayor and the others who were present.
Probably it did. The Mayor seemed to feel the necessity of preparedness as a desirable pre-
caution, not as a need; still he did not delay putting the city in entire accord with the plans of
The National Security League. He announced, immediately after his return, the appointment
of a committee of one hundred representative men to form the Buffalo branch of that League.
Mr. Hollister was chosen as its first president; A. Conger Goodyear, afterwards a colonel in the
United States Army, was made treasurer; Harold .J. Balliett, former city clerk and an active
worker in all civic enterprises, secretary. In addition to those mentioned, the executive com-
mittee was made up of the following members: Louis L. Babcock, Lyman M. Bass, Edward H.
Butler, Marshall Clinton, John F. Cochrane, James L. Crane, Boleslaw Dorasewicz, Gen. Francis
V. Greene, Harry D. Kirkover, Horace Lanza, Herbert A. Meldrum, Charles Mosier, Charles
P. Norton, Hugo Schoellkopf, Harry L. Taylor, George P. Urban and Orson E. Yeager.
The local branch fully completed its organization in November; established headquarters at
814 Fidelity Building, and opened a campaign for membership. The Mayor and Mr. Hollister
had, earlier in the month, attended a conference in Chicago, and the committee had plans in
embryo for the recruiting of the local regiments of the National Guard to full strength. It was
a matter of general knowledge, at that time, that the enrollment of the local regiments was far
below what might reasonably have been expected. The distaste for service as guardsmen was
deep-seated and not easily to be corrected. Buffalo boasted of two splendid new armories, one
for the use of the 74th Regiment of Infantry, located opposite Prospect Park, at Niagara and
Connecticut Streets; the other at Masten and Best Streets for the use of the 65th Regiment,
also an infantry regiment. The State had in the course of construction and about to be formally
opened a new armory on Delavan Avenue, opposite Forest Lawn, for the use of Troop I, First
Cavalry, National Guard — a cracking good organization of young troopers. These State mili-
tary quarters were equipped with the latest recreational facilities and club aiTangements calcu-
lated to attract young men. But despite all this, the falling off in membership was very notice-
able and a matter of keen regret among military men generally throughout the city. A strike
of the street railway employees a few years before had proved so disastrous to property that it
was deemed necessary to call out the local regiments to guard the cars and, possibly, the lives of
those who sought to ride on them. The guardsmen proved themselves real soldiers, took orders,
and performed their duty, but their relations with the striking car men formed through associa-
tion in co-operating labor organizations brought a resentment against strike duty and soon left
the militia companies considerably undermanned. Later the regiments were called for strike
service at the Gould Coupling Works at Depew, N. Y. That strike occurred late in March, 1914.
The soldiers were on duty there about two weeks. Naturally, the Security League turned its
attention toward rectifying, if possible, that condition of affairs in the national guard organiza-
tions.
Buffalo's Part in the World War 29
CHAPTER IV
PREPAREDNESS SEED IS SOWN
GROWING out of the Bankers' Club banquet of November 3d an effort was made to co-ordinate
- the various preparedness movements in the State, and, early in January, 1916, Mayor
John Purroy Mitchel of New York City, a very earnest worker, appointed a New York
City committee which became known as the Mayor's Committee on National Defense.
Mayor Mitchel, while still Chief Executive of the first city of America, enlisted for training
at the citizens' training camp at Plattsburg; and, after leaving the office of Mayor two years
later, was given a commission in the aviation section of the National Army. He was killed by
a fall fi'om his aeroplane while training at Kelly Field, Texas, for overseas service.
The committee he appointed early in January, 1916, did considerable work throughout the
State. An exchange of letters between the secretary of Mayor Mitchel's committee and Chair-
man Hollister of the Buffalo organization gave a very fair idea of the manner in which the pre-
paredness plans had progressed up to that time, and also an outline of the aims of those pre-
paredness pioneers.
CITY OF NEW YORK
Mayor's Committee on National Defense
Municipal Building, Rooms 914-916, New York
January 13, 1916.
Hon. Louis P. Fuhrmann, Mayor,
Buffalo, N. Y.
Dear Sir:
I have the honor to inform you that this committee is now organized and prepared to undertake active labors. We should be glad to receive
information as to the work which the Committee on preparedness appointed by you has undertaken and is doing, and hope that it may be possible
for us to co-operate to common advantage in the nation-wide effort to increase the readiness of the United States for National Defense.
May your Secretary send me the names of the officers and the correct address of your Committee, together with the names of those cities in
New York known to you besides Buffalo, Syracuse and New York in which a Citizens' Committee has been appointed by the Mayor?
Very truly yours,
(Signed) Gordon Ireland, Secretary.
Mr. Gordon Ireland, January 18, 1916.
Secretary, Mayor's Committee on National Defense,
914 Municipal Building. New York City.
Dear Sir:
Mayor Fuhrmann has referred to me your letter of the 13th instant in regard to the work accomplished by the Committee which he appointed
to co-operate in support of the preparedness program of the National Security League. C>ur Committee of One Hundred has not only supported
the activities of the Buffalo Branch of the National Security League, which now has a membership of over 400 prominent citizens of Buffalo, but
has also undertaken to assist in the building up of the two National Guard Regiments of this city. At a meeting which we held for this purpose
on November 26th, we adopted a resolution calling upon all employers of men eligible for service in the Guard to grant vacations with pay to such
of their employees who are members of the Guard, when away on duty. I enclose a copy of this resolution, which was published in the papers and
sent to the large employers of labor in this city.
At the same meeting the Committee also unanimously adopted a resolution upon the subject of Preparedness, a copy of which is also enclosed
herewith.
Mayor Fuhrmann and I also attended the Chicago convention of the National Security League in November, as representatives of the Citizens'
Committee of Buffalo, as well as of the Buffalo Branch of the National Security League.
The Citizens' Committee will also be represented at the Congress of the National Security League to be held in Washington this week.
In December the Citizens' Committee, in co-operation with the Buffalo Branch of the Security League, obtained the consent of the owners of
the Buffalo Hippodrome to hold one of the performances of the moving picture exhibition known as "The Battle Cry of Peace" under the joint
auspices of the Committee and the Security League. There were about 3.000 people present at this meeting, and Henry A. Wise Wood of New
York delivered a half-hour address on the subject of Preparedness.
I also enclose herewith, at your request, a list of the members of the Citizens' Committee, together with their addresses.
Yours very truly,
(Signed) Evan Hollister, Chairman.
Mr. Hollister and his committee applied themselves to the task of inculcating the preparedness
idea in the public mind, at the same time inaugurating various movements calculated to arouse
the military spirit in the people. It seems we grew more familial- with martial airs. It was not
uncommon for our after-dinner speakers to refer to the desirability of national preparedness,
and, now and then, the vaudeville performers carried the thought in their songs, their mono-
logues and dialogues. A part of, and growing out of, this movement came a Congress of Con-
structive Patriotism, held in the City of Washington on January 25th, 26th and 27th. That
conference was attended by a number of Buffalonians headed by Mr. Hollister and Mayor
Buffalo's Part in the World War 31
Fuhrmann. Returning, the members of the committee, on January 28th held a well attended meet-
ing for the purpose of drawing recruits into the local regiments. General Samuel M. Welch of the
Fourth Brigade, N. G. N. Y., and Councilman Charles B. Hill, a former national guardsman,
had much to do with the plans for the meeting, the general atmosphere of which was voiced in
a speech* delivered by Mayor Fuhrmann on that occasion.
The meeting was only partially successful. Bradley Goodyear, a young inan of wealth and
position, Chauncey J. Hamlin, son of Harry Hamlin and grandson of Cicero J. Hamlin, one of
the builders of Buffalo, and others of more or less prominent positions enlisted in the 65th In-
fantry, N. G. N. Y., joining with Colonel Charles E. P. Babcock, Lieut. Col. John D. Howland,
Majors Louis H. Eller and James P. Fowler, Captains Kennedy, Marks, Colprice, Barrett, Brost,
Scholl, Hinds, Williams, Webber and Patrick J. Keeler, a judge of the City Court, Chaplain
Fornes and other earnest workers for the rehabilitation of the regiment. They made gains, and
they made sacrifices. Mr. Hamlin was chairman of the Progressive Party organization ; he was,
also, actively engaged in business enterprises and legal work, but was compelled, along with the
others in that regimental i-ecruiting campaign, .seriously to neglect his personal affairs. Col.
Charles J. Wolf of the 74th Regiment, with Lieut. Col. Beck, Majors Arthur Kemp, William R.
Pooley, Lyman A. Wood; Captains Ralph K. Robertson, Ziegler, Montgomery, Kaffenberger,
Kean, Minniss, Hubbell, Miller, Gillig, Taggart, Kendall, Sanburg, Kneubel, Branch, Cadotte,
Bagnall, Maldiner and Arthur C. Schaefer, Deputy Commissioner of Health for the city, likewise
gave their time and best efforts to bring their regiment to a substantial footing. To those men-
tioned should be added. Chaplain John C. Ward, who followed the fortunes of the old 74th Regi-
ment, not only through those very earnest recruiting times, but down into Texas, to the Mexican
border, across seas, and through the smoke and thunder of battle until victory was achieved and
the triumphant regiment returned. He, with every other member of the regiment, figuratively
speaking, took off his coat to aid Chairman Hollister and the Security League Committee in
arousing here the spirit of preparedness. They toiled day after day — in the shops, stores, theaters,
churches. It would not be accurate to say they created any great amount of enthusiasm, but
it is fair to say they toiled. On the other hand, their efforts were not wasted. They had sown
the seed of education, and so, in the latter months of the year, when we actually drew close to
war, it was not necessary to go over that ground again.
There was but little in the enlistments to encourage them, although they did gradually build
the regiments up to a reasonable size. From January to June those workers forced the campaign.
Then our military affairs took a turn toward the Southern border where the Mexicans, under
spur from outside sources, were threatening the lives of American citizens and it daily became
more and more evident that intervention by the United States in Mexico was inevitable.
*Mr. Chairtiian and Honored Guests:
I want to thank General Welch, Councilman Hill and the gentlemen in charge of this gathering for their courtesy shown me in asking me to
participate with them in this initial meeting in behalf of the 65th Regiment.
At the outset let me say that I know that Buffalo, the city of which I have the honor to be the official head for the time being is solidly in
favor of the policy (jf national preparedness.
I have just returned from a great gathering at Washington which emphasized and urged the need of a larger army and a larger navy. I
learned from the President of the United States and the Speaker of the House of Representatives and others, that our national law-making body
is presently to confront and solve this momentous problem.
The difficulties before our national legislators are two-fold. First arises the question: "What degree of preparedness will the American people
stand for?" and, second, "Where are the necessary revenues coming from to pay for these defense measures?"
Serious questions these are, my friends. Yet. I feel morally sure that when the final test comes, party lines will be forgotten and our repre-
sentatives in the House and Senate will measure up to their full duty and patriotically vote for adequate defense legislation.
To-night we have this particular burden on our minds, namely, what can we do and what will we do to strengthen our two Buffalo regiments —
the 74th and the 65th? That they need additional strength is a matter of common knowledge. With my fellow townsmen I am here to urge
others and to pledge myself to join in a campaign to secure the necessary hundreds of men to fill these regiments to their full quota.
There are some, I am informed, who refuse to join the regiments because they object to the calling out of the militia during times of strikes.
As a public official I have always acted on the principle that the local public authorities could and must preserve order and enforce laws at all
times. I know that by exercising the unlimited power which we have to swear in special police we could cope with almost every possible occasion,
and that the necessity would almost never arise of calling out the State Militia.
The public mind is soon to give its deepest attention to what our legislators shall say and do on the paramount and supreme question before
this session of Congress. .\nd while my fellow-citizens are urging our representatives to stand by and stand up for a policy of national prepared-
ness, I appeal to every patriotic Buffalonian here at home to prove anew our patriotism and honor by bringing up our two regiments to their
complete numerical standard.
32 Buffalo's Part in the World War
CHAPTER V
U. OF B. COMPANY IN NATIONAL GUARD
THROUGH the late months of Winter and the early months of Spring of 1916 the new city
government spent its time in the adjustment of the various functions of the municipal
machine to the new schedule of operation. Bureaus and departments received "speed up"
orders. There was much for the new commissioners to learn and to do. While they applied
themselves to the multiplicity of tasks before them, the local regimental officers addressed them-
selves to the work of recruiting for the regiments, and the representatives of the National Se-
curity League bent their backs with a will to the spread of the preparedness pi'opaganda.
In order that the national need for more adequate defense might be sharply impressed upon
the people. President Wilson set out from Washington on January 27th, 1916, at the head of the
preparedness movement for a tour of the country, speaking first in New York on January 28th.
That campaign attracted widespread interest; the President was welcomed by immense throngs
wherever he traveled, and local speakers of note everywhere added their voice of warning to the
appeal of the Nation's Chief Executive. The people were interested but not alarmed; they
listened, and simply heard.
Here in Bufi'alo the officers of the local regiments and the National Security League were dil-
igently at work. It was no uncommon thing then to drop into a church club meeting, a pedro
party, or a men's club smoker and find Captain Patrick Keeler or Chauncey Hamlin painting a
word picture of the forward gun on a foreign warship knocking the top off the Woolworth Building
in New York, or of a foreign army rushing unmolested through Pennsylvania and New York. Look-
ing back from this threshold of peace over the devastated areas of France it is difficult to realize
that we were then creating the great offensive machine which finally drove back the German
army.
The army for home defense for which Keeler and Hamlin and hundreds of others then appealed
became in reality, two years later, an irresistible military machine in a foreign land. Their appeals
however, at that period fell on rather indifferent ears. Still, they were not discouraged and con-
tinued to map out new progress. From street corner and club speeches they turned toward
the school. There, at least, they found the adventurous spirit of boyhood, and soon there ap-
peared a plan for the formation of a University of Buffalo Company in the 65th Regiment. It
was a novelty for the college boys and they took to the suggestion ; in fact, they took to the sug-
gestion much more readily than had been anticipated, and the project went through in a com-
mendable way.
The psychological moment for enlistment was created at a meeting held in the 65th Regiment
Armory January 29th where the sound of the gymnasium apparatus, the pump-pump-pump
of the basket ball, and the whir-r-r of the bicycle riders as they tore around the training ti-ack
of the immense drill hall thrilled the college boys, while the general neatness and military splendor
of the uniformed officers and the men of the regiment touched off the spark of patriotism which
lies, sometimes dormant but ever present, in the breast of every American boy. The meeting
was presided over by Chancellor Charles P. Norton of the University and his heart was in the
effort. "There is a picture," he said, "which none of us wishes to see. We can picture for a
moment the country caught unprepared for a struggle forced on us. We may look for a moment
on the homes of Buffalo smoking, its buildings and its institutions shattered by shells, its women
fleeing, its babes trampled in the streets, and the red blood of carnage in every byway. If the
present condition should continue and that scene come to pass and the great God to judge us, our
answer would be, 'We were not ready'. Do you believe the people of the United States want to
see such a picture? — an event which might happen were there no trained men to respond to the
call."
Buffalo's Part in the World War
33
Soldiers' and Sailors" Monument, Lafayette Square
As it appeared before the war
Captain Keeler followed Chancellor Norton. Mayor Fuhi-mann and Brigadier General Welch
likewise addressed the boys. Captain Hamilton Ward, who had given many years to service in
the local militia, made the final plea. "There was a time," he said, "when 300 trained British
soldiers invaded and burned Buffalo, and 3,000 untrained and unprepared militiamen fled into
the woods. We learned the lesson again in the Civil War. Only the pen of Horace Greeley
kept up courage. We have not forgotten the Spanish-American war. We were unpu-epared then.
We lost 500 men by gunshot in Cuba and 5,000 men from disease in the camps because we were
not prepared to care for these men. Are w^e again to be caught unprepared if war should come?"
The University boys answered that question so far as their limited numbers would permit by
then and there offei'ing themselves for enlistment, and a U. of B. company for the 65th Regiment
was organized. It was, however, a small quota in comparison to the enlistments desired, but as
the movement was as much an educational endeavor to arouse public sentiment as it was to secure
recruits, the benefits of this effort could not fairly be measured by counting the men who affixed
their signatures to enrollment blanks.
34 Buffalo's Part in the World War
CHAPTER VI
GOVERNOR WHITMAN AT FIRST PREPAREDNESS MEETING
IT is inconceivable that the public, under the constant pressure of the National Security League,
should have failed to find recreational interest at least in the preparedness movement. But
no particular enemy was discernible, and we were still living in the aloofness of the Monroe
Doctrine. Opinion was divided on the question of whether trouble might reasonably be
expected with England or with Germany, in the event of difficulty with any European country.
To clarify the atmosphere of any assumption that this Nation was then planning a military cam-
paign, the President repeatedly stated in his speeches that we were not. But he did say on
innumerable occasions that the conflict then in progress would be in all likelihood the last great
war from whose maelstrom we could remain free; in fact, he made clear the purpose of the pre-
paredness campaign by saying:
"We can no longer be a provincial nation.
"Let no man dare to say, if he would speak the truth, that the question of preparation for national defense is a
question of war or of peace.
"There is no spirit of aggrandizement in America. There is no desire on the part of any thoughtful and conscien-
tious man to take one foot of territory from any nation in the world. And I myself share to the bottom of my heart
that profound love of peace. I have sought to maintain peace against very great, and sometimes very unfair odds,
and I am ready, at any time, to use every power that is in me to prevent such a catastrophe as war coming to this
country.
"So that it is not permissible for any man to say that the defense of the nation has the least tinge in it of desire
for power which can be used to bring on war. But, gentlemen, there is something that the American people love
better than they love peace. They love the principles upon which their political life is founded. They are ready
at any time to fight for the vindication of their character and of their honor. They will at no time seek a contest,
but they will at no time cravenly avoid it. Because if there is one thing that the country ought to fight for and that
every nation ought to fight for, it is the integrity of its own convictions. We cannot surrender our convictions. I
would rather surrender territory than surrender those ideals which are the staff of life for the soul itself. And because
we hold certain ideals, we have thought it was right we should hold them for others as well as for ourselves. America
has more than once given evidence of the generosity and disinterestedness of its love for liberty."
The President concluded his campaign early in February, but the agencies of patriotism and
of preparedness continued actively at the task before them. In Buffalo a new impetus was given
to the effort when the local committee conceived the idea of holding an immense mass meeting
in the Broadway Auditorium at which the Governor of the State would be the principal speaker.
The meeting was called by Mayor Fuhrmann and was held on the evening of Saturday, February
26th. All avenues leading to the hall were packed and it was difficult to gain admission. Archer
A. Landon, of the Chamber of Commerce, presided, and the speakers, other than Governor Whit-
man and Mr. Landon, were Mayor Fuhi-mann and Captain Keeler.
Buffalo answered the call to preparedness that night at a monster mass meeting. The en-
thusiasm aroused by Governor Whitman in his appeal for the proper defense of the nation cul-
minated in an excitement of patriotic fervor at the close when the war record of Buffalo men had
been reviewed and the young men in the audience, willing to play their part in defense of the flag,
were asked to stand.
Gray-haired men stood up with the youths in all parts of the hall. The enthusiasm that
swept through the hall as a great American flag was released from the girders over the heads of
the Governor and other men on the stage brought men and women to their feet, waving hats
and canes and handkerchiefs and cheering.
Governor Whitman, in his evening dress, stood at the front of the stage with the full staff of
gold-braided, red-striped military aides about him. Khaki-clad members of the Buffalo Cavalry
Association made their way through the wide aisles, collecting the pledge cards then signed by
the men standing on chairs and the floor in an.swer to the question :
Buffalo's Part in the World War 35
"Are you ready as a citizen to do i/our dutii for the national defense, for the safety and the liberty of
the dag?"
At the top of the patriotic intensity, the 65th and 74th regiment bands struck up "America."
Governor Whitman's was the voice which led the singing. The singing continued while the rest
of the sections cleared the seats for the doors. The like of that mass meeting was never before
seen in Buffalo.
While Captain Patrick J. Keeler of the 65th regiment was recounting the deeds of valor by
Buffalo men in the Civil and Spanish-American wars, he called from the front row of seats a small
man of ruddy, smiling face.
"There is Pat Pierce," Captain Keeler said. "When Hobson called for thirteen volunteers to
go in the Merrimac and sink it at the mouth of the harbor, two of the men he accepted were
Buffalo men. Seven of those men escaped after the ship blew up. They were taken prisoner-
and thrown into the dungeons of Morro Castle. Pat Pierce was one of the seven. He lives at
No. 72 Hammerschmidt Street and is a freight conductor to-day for the Pennsylvania. .Just a
few days ago he received, after all those years, the Congress medal of honor — the highest award
that can be made an American serving his country."
That was one of the high spots of applause during the close of the meeting. Governor Whit-
man came forward to the edge of the platform and shook hands with Pat Pierce.
"May I see your medal?" the Governor asked.
Mr. Pierce had it in an envelope. The Governor held it up to view and showed it to the mili-
tary aides about him.
Among military men and others interested in the science of war and military training, the
question of the future of the volunteer system was always a live subject for debate. Draft laws
were not popular and never had been in this country. Militarism was, likewise, without sup-
porters among the people, for it was militarism which at that moment had forced the cataclysmic
conflict raging among the European nations. There was, however, a well defined sentiment in
favor of a military course of some sort in the schools, but that proposition had its able opponents,
as well as its able proponents. The League to Enforce Peace, of which William H. Taft was
president, was urgently pressing its campaign for the formation of a world league which would
end wars for all time by the establishment of a tribunal for the settlement of national grievances.
The speech of Governor Charles S. Whitman at the Auditorium meeting of that February night
fully and adequately reflected public sentiment on those questions as it then existed :
"I want to speak plainly to the parents and the guardians who object to having their boys in the National Guard.
Will you tell me that the training is going to make him a bad boy. a worthless young man when it teaches him obedi-
ence to orders, respect for authority and the ability to take care of himself? When it teaches him a patriotism that
is the surest guaranty of the safety and permanence of the free institutions of the United States.
"We as a nation must become trained to citizenship, trained to a finer manhood. The only way at present open
is through the National Guard. Here in Buffalo you have the opportunity offered by the finest armories in the
State.
"Nothing is further from my purpose than to attempt to sound a note of alarm, for the subject is too vital to be
complicated by passion and prejudice. Not because I dream of war, but because I want peace with all the power
of my heart and soul, I stand flatly and squarely with those who are insisting upon some sound scheme of adequate
preparedness. In common with all others whose sanity has not been undermined by the specious arguments of mili-
tarism, I look to a day when a great world parliament will provide machinery for the orderly adjustment of inter-
national disputes — the glorious day when racial hates will have given way to the spirit of universal brotherhood. But
madness still rests upon the face of the earth.
"As to the form of this preparedness, I have long since committed myself in opposition to the so-called volunteer
system. Even the most cursory study of history, American as well as European, proves conclusively that the vol-
unteer system has been a failure, is now a failure and must continue to be a failure. As unfair as it is undemocratic,
this system permits inequalities and makes discriminations, sending the brave and patriotic to fields of death and
allowing the base and cowardly to remain at home, profiting by sacrifices in which they play no part. What is this,
in the last analysis, but the penalization of patriotism and the placing of a premium on poltroonery?
"It is not compulsory military service that I preach. It is compulsory military training of the American youth
that I advocate, holding it to be the one true base of the citizen-soldiery idea. It is our good fortune not to be forced
36 Buffalo's Part in the World War
to run the risks of the experimental in this important matter, for in the world to-day there are two successful demon-
strations of the citizen-soldiery system — Switzerland and Australia.
"The Swiss system has been widely advertised, and is more known of men and yet the Australian system appeals
to me as better fitted to our peculiar needs. Like Switzerland, Australia proceeds upon the sound belief that national
defense is an inescapable obligation of citizenship and as vital a national consideration as education itself. As a
consequence, the two essentials are linked, and march forward hand in hand.
"From twelve to nineteen the boy receives instruction in the schools. He learns the fundamentals of soldiering,
drilling, marching, map reading, map making, trench digging, bridge building, tactics, sanitation, personal hygiene —
all these come to him just as his grammar and arithmetic come, simply and naturally. On his nineteenth birthday
he becomes a member of the citizen forces. He is presented with the full equipment of a soldier, for which he is held
responsible. He is called upon for eleven days of service each year until his 26th year. After his 26th year the young
defender passes into the reserve forces. He has learned not only to be a good soldier, but the instruction has helped
to make him a good citizen."
At the conclusion of the Governor's address, President Frank B. Baird of the Chamber of
Commerce arose to present a resolution. Mr. Baird was one of Buffalo's thorough, substantial
Americans of the war period, and much esteemed because of his indefatigable efforts in civic
enterprises. His presence signified the support of the business interests to the movement, as the
presence of Governor Whitman and Mayor Fuhrmann had signified the support of the State
and the city. The resolution was read in an attentive silence. It was as follows:
We, the citizens of Buffalo, in mass meeting assembled, do hereby proclaim our deep-seated convic-
tion that to insure the preservation of our glorious heritage of liberty and freedom we should forthwith
adopt in this country some such truly democratic form of universal military training as has won for
the republic of Switzerland the deserved admiration of the world and has helped to keep her at peace
amid the ravages of a workl war touching on her every frontier.
Appreciating, however, the delay necessarily^ involved in putting such a systeyn into effect, even if
adopted, we, therefore, declare that it is our immediate duty and patriotic obligation as American
citizens to do the only practical thing open for us now to do, and that is to forthwith Imild up and
strengthen our first and only line of defense — the regular army and the national guard.
Therefore, we, citizens of Buffalo, in mass meeting assembled, inspired by a deep sense of our duty
to our country in this hour of world crisis, do hereby resolve:
First, That the chairman of this meeting be and he hereby is requested to forthwith appoint a com-
mittee of 100 citizens whose duty it shall he to present to the President and Congress of the United
States and the Governor and Legislature of the State of New York copies of these resolutions, and who
shall be further autliorized to take such other .steps as they may deem advisable to further any legisla-
tion they deem necessary to make effective the recommendations herein contained.
Second, That appreciating the grave situation of our country arising through the serious lack of
men trained even in the elementary rudiments of the art of war, we, individually, here and now, with-
orit waiting for any legislation, state or national, pledge our support to the national guard, and indi-
vidually declare our intention of forthwith taking such steps as we feel in duty bound to take to recruit
the local units of the national guard up to their full strength.
When the question on the foregoing resolution was put by Chairman Landon, the ayes it re-
ceived vibrated against the girders and found a hundred echoes in the nooks and corners of the
immense old edifice. All in all, the meeting had proved a wonderful demonstration of patriotic
fervor and willingness to serve.
M
Buffalo's Part in the World War 37
CHAPTER VII
PATRIOTISM UNLEASHED BY JUNE DAY PARADE
■ ARCH came along, after the preparedness events of the last chapter, and with it came the
Mayor's conference at St. Louis and another shower of patriotism. Across the Southern
border in Mexico outlawry was spreading. April and May followed much like March
so far as our national affairs were concerned. Mexican aggressions were increasing, and the
danger of our entanglement in the European conflict, like the rock of Gibraltar, was always there.
Following that February mass meeting at the Auditorium the preparedness campaign went
through three months of desultory firing, but ever advancing. The plans of the League came to
a splendid fruition with great force and volume in June and out of a clear sky, at a time and in a
manner which none of those originally in the movement had anticipated !
A. Conger Goodyear, son of Charles W. Goodyear, forester, lumber king, railroad president
and a founder of the Pan-American Exposition, was chosen Marshal for a parade to be held on
June 24th. He in turn had selected Ansley W. Sawyer, a local guardsman, for chief of staff, and,
with their co-workers, they assisted Mr. Hollister's League in arousing the commercial, profes-
sional, industrial, religious and civic organizations to joining in a monster preparedness parade.
Buffalo had not then grown more intei'ested in the overseas struggle. We were going along our
war-listless way, concerned deeply with our own affairs, taking a look now and then at Europe,
perhaps to see who was ahead, or what new and devilish implement of warfare the Hohenzollern
war party had devised. In May, and possibly June, Bufl^alo joked about the coming prepared-
ness parade. There was no hostility to it, but no genuine feeling that such a thing was necessary.
Some may have felt otherwise, but not the masses. It received considerable notice in the news-
papers. Probably the versatile press agent was at work. Leaders in the industries organized
their shops. Clergymen of all faiths gave cordial support. The Rev. Thomas J. Walsh, then
chancellor of the Catholic Diocese of Buffalo, announced that 50 priests of that faith would march
in the parade, and the Rev. Cameron J. Davis, representing the Protestant clergymen of the city,
made a somewhat similar announcement. The spirit of the thing was growing rapidly. On
June 7th, at a meeting of the new city government. Councilman John F. Malone offered the
following resolution :
"Resolved, That Saturday, June 24th, 1916, from noon until midnight be, and is hereby declared a civic holiday
within the limits of the city of Buffalo."
The resolution was adopted with the approval of Councilmen Heald, Hill, Kreinheder and
Malone. Mayor Fuhrmann was absent.
A few days after that meeting, Marshal Goodyear announced his complete staff for the parade,
and the following order of formation and the names of the division marshals:
Squad of Mounted Police; Marshal of Parade and Staff; Mayor and Council of the City of Buffalo; 74th Regi-
ment N. G. N. Y.; 65th Regiment N. G. N. Y.; Troop I, First Cavalry, N. G. N. Y.; Naval Militia; U. S. Army
Detail; Aero Squadron; Spanish War Veterans; U. S. S. Marine Post 73.
SECTION 1
Clergymen's Division
Rev. Thomas J. Walsh, Rev. Cameron J. Davis, Marshals.
County and City Employees, George C. Diehl, Marshal; Federal Employees, George Bleistein, Marshal; Retail
Merchants, Herbert A. Meldrum, Marshal; Furniture Division, Laurens Enos, Marshal; Insurance Division, Frank
W. Fiske, Marshal; Real Estate Division, F. W. Kilhoffer, Marshal; Jewelers' Division, Edward A. Eisele, Marshal;
Traveling Men's Division, A. J. Fitzgibbons, Marshal; Hardware Division, George Walbridge, Marshal; Wholesale
Grocers and Produce, Frank E. Wattles, Marshal; Boot and Shoe Division, William H. Walker, Marshal: Platts-
burg Training Camp Division, George H. Field, Marshal; Buffalo Infantry Association, Montford Ryan,
Marshal.
38
Buffalo's Part in the World War
SECTION 2
Public Utilities and Heating. Charles R. Huntley, Marshal; Bankers and Brokers, Edward W. Dunn, Marshal;
Iron and Steel, Charles McCullough, Jr., Marshal; Women's Division, Mrs. Frank W. Fiske, Jr., Marshal; Trans-
portation Division, William Elmer, Marshal.
SECTION 3
Auto Manufacturers, George K. Birge, Marshal; Sheet Metal, L. R. Cooper, Marshal; Aeroplanes, Glenn H. Cur-
tiss. Marshal; Lancaster Division, August Blangden, Marshal; Coal Trade Division, Major Louis H. EUer, Mar-
shal; Fine Arts, Duane S. Lyman, Marshal; Engineers, John Younger, Marshal; Doctors, Dr. Charles Cary, Marshal;
Dentists, J. Wright Beach, Marshal; Stationary Engineers, John W. McGillvray, Marshal; Packers, Jacob C. Dold,
Marshal; Machinery, Charles P. Devine. Marshal: Baking Division, James B. Dwyer. Marshal; Soap Manufactur-
ers, John D. Larkin, Jr , Marshal; Rubber Manufacturers. Herbert H. Hewitt, Marshal.
SECTION 4
Law-yers, Louis L. Babcock, Marshal; Newspapers, Edward H. Butler, Marshal; Auto Trade, Mason B. Hatch,
Marshal; Paint, Oil and Varnish, F. W. Robinson, Marshal; Druggists. W. H. Reiman, Marshal; College and School
Division, Mark Hopkins. Marshal; Heating and Plumbing. H. J. Rente, Marshal; Milling Division, Frank F.
Henry, Marshal: Foundries. William H. Barr, Marshal; Building and Trades. Ballard I. Crooker, Marshal; Lumber
Division, Maurice M. Wall, Marshal; Wallboard, Wallpaper and Paper Boxes, William F. MacGlashan, Marshal;
Engine and Boilermakers' Division, David Bell. Marshal; Graphic Arts Division, David L. Johnson, Marshal:
Brewing Division, Col. John L. Schwartz. Marshal: Aniline Dyes Divison, C. P. Hugo Schoellkopf, Marshal; Petro-
leum Division, Horace P. Chamberlain, Marshal; Chemical, Reginald S. Richards, Marshal; Wholesale Drygoods,
Joseph A. McColl, Marshal: Milk Products, Edward C. Sutton, Marshal; Clothing Manufacturers, Benjamin
Hirsch, Marshal; Leather, Henry C. Zeller. Marshal: Men s Preparedness Battalion, Henry P. Werner, Marshal;
A. C. Goodyear, Grand Marshal; Ansley W. Sawyer, Chief of Staff.
Saturday, June 24th, 1916, was a bright, hot, summer day. The morning was clear. Very
early everybody in the city was astir with a desire either to participate in the parade or to secure
a desirable spot from which to view it. The street urchins were at their vantage points at dawn.
Buffalo's Preparedness Parade, June, IHlti
Buffalo's Part in the World War 39
At noon the pavement was giving off a glow, and the throng on the west side of the street was
steaming. Main Street crowded up early and the marching bands and squads, seeking their
place of formation, animated traffic in the downtown part of the city. Shortly before 2 o'clock
every division was at its appointed post. Some of them did not leave for hours, so gi'eat was
the number of patriotic men and women who turned out. Buffalo at that moment was but
one of a hundred or more American cities whose citizens were in line to step forth at 2 o'clock
as a signal to Washington that the masses of America demanded an adequate degree of prepared-
ness for home defense in the United States.
The parade started exactly at 2 o'clock. The last division filed past the reviewing stand in
Lafayette Square at 5.15 o'clock, and the pageant had passed into history. It was generally
acknowledged at that time and since to have been the greatest patriotic procession Buffalo had
ever seen. The G. A. R. Encampment pageant of 1897, which was graced by the presence of the
martyred President William McKinley, and the departure of the 1.3th U. S. Infantry, U. S. Army
regulars, from Fort Porter at the opening of the Spanish-American war, are the only former
marching spectacles that were mentioned, or might be mentioned, in comparison. The flame
of patriotism lit by that June day procession blazed, and the city glowed for days and weeks
thereafter; in fact, fi'om the fervor of that academic moment, the city stepped into the realities
of war holding that torch still lit and burning with increasing radiance:
"/ pledge allegiance to my flay and to the Republic for which it stands — one nation, indivisible; with liberty and
justice for all."
In those lines might be found the keynote of the day. It tells all there is to be said; yet, as
they left the ranks of marchers, drenched from the heavy downpour more than once encountered,
men and women little realized how near the day when the nation, involved in the greatest war
of history, would exact the fulfillment of that pledge.
In the light of after events, the parade spelled a momentous day in Buffalo's history. It will
stand in the memory of Buffalonians of that period as a demonstration of an Americanism that
knew no difference of race or creed — an Americanism single in its devotion to the Stars and Stripes.
The watchword of the march was preparedness for the nation; the transcendent idea was an
adequate defense for home and institutions. It was Buffalo's shot heard round the State. Abso-
lute and unqualified consecration to the nation was mirrored in eveiy man and woman in the
procession and on the walks, Hats were flying, banners waving, and from a hundred thousand
throats came an almost constant cheer. For every man and woman in the parade, two had taken
their place on the sidewalks on both sides of Main Street between Exchange and Summer streets.
The martial music of the bands kept hearts atune. Men and women sang the old songs of the
Republic :
"My Country, 'tis of Thee,
Sweet land of Liberty,
Of Thee I sing."
And the younger folk, catching the spirit of the day, joined in the singing:
"America, I lone you.
You are a sweetheart of mine.
From ocean to ocean,
For you my devotion
Is touching each boundary line —
And there's a hundred million
others like me."
The military division gave the keynote to the spirit of the day. It touched every last pulse-
beat of patriotism in every one of the thousands in the street. The infantrymen stirred the hope
that America might be so well safeguarded by a volunteer force throughout the land that its
preparedness might remove even the temptation fi'om any power to infringe on the rights or the
ideals of the Republic.
40 Buffalo's Part in the World War
Rain started at 2.50 o'clock while the parade was in motion. For several minutes before that
the storm clouds were banking the sky with the black threat of rain. The breeze that stirred
the waste paper in the street and whipped the flags from store windows was a grateful visitor
among the throng in the sweltering street. Then the rain! Everyone scampered for the shelter
of awning and store front. Streets which had been jammed to suffocation were cleared in a
minute. But the marchers continued. Umbrellas were raised in the line and on them the
heavy raindrops spattered and bounded. The rain raced up the street in a downpour that
drenched marchers and spectators to the skin. For twenty minutes the downpour continued.
The marchers continued also, laughing and chaffing each other, waving their flags above their
heads and shouting out their enthusiasm. The rain passed.
When the women's section came along, everyone wondered whei'e the women could have hidden
during the downpour. For they came in spotless white of dress and waist, unrumpled, certainly
not damp enough to cling to their arms. The women's section was, next to the military division,
the most impressive of the parade. From the dense black of the men's divisions, distinguished
by the yellow of straw hats and the red of the flags, the street for a mile back gave way to a seeth-
ing stream of white.
The store and building fronts burst, it seemed, into a waving flag of flags as far as the eye could
see. There was unstinted applause. Mrs. John Miller Horton marched at the head of the divi-
sion. Women carried flags which the breeze straightened out.
After it had all passed and the eventful day was done it was found that all eyes were focused
on Mexico. What began in an effort to arouse the nation to the fear of Germany and a proffer
of help to France and Great Britain ended with all eyes on the Mexican border. We still were
unaware of the proximity of that European struggle.
An editorial in The Courier of Sunday, June 25, 1916, the day following the parade, indicated
very clearly the trend of the public mind :
"Buffalo never before witnessed such a parade of its men and women, or offered so grand an exhibit. The weather
conditions were not such as were wished, but they could not dampen the public enthusiasm. Hour after hour the
columns moved in files on the Main Street pavement's full width, amid a multitude of bands and flags innumerable.
It was a glorious demonstration of the love of our people for their country and of their unity of purpose that protec-
tion shall be made for its defense.
"When the preparedness parade was planned, no emergency was immediately in view. The thought was that
the nation should be put in readiness for danger the future might bring. It was a somewhat abstract provision, pro-
moted by experiences other countries have undergone. Suddenly the matter of our difficult relations with Mexico
had developed, bringing war in view as almost a certainty. The National Guard is under arms. Our Buffalo
regiments are in expectation of being sent away. A wider call to the colors may be sounded by the Government
soon, and if a voluntary army must be raised immediately, regiments can be recruited from the tens of thousands of
splendid young men who yesterday swelled the marching throng in defense of the flag.
"The parade was not intended for the cultivation of militarism in a nation of which the greatness has been obtained
through the arts and industries of peace; but yesterday something of the war spirit has been incited by Mexican
insults and atrocities. We wished to help Mexico out of social and economic chaos, but it has bitten the hand of
kindness. The attacks upon American border towns, and lastly the apparent killing of our cavalrymen, have so
filled the measure of offense that armed intervention may be unavoidable.
"The report is that Carranza's answer to the last communication from the Government of the United States will
be made public in Mexico City to-day. If he prefers war to peace with this power, war will ensue — and, if so, all
America will throb with the patriotic fervor which yesterday caused the pulse of Buffalo to quicken."
On Monday morning came the announcement that Major General Leonard Wood, commander
of the Department of the East, had received from Secretary of War Baker an urgent appeal to
start for the border at once some of the militia organizations under his command. On Tuesday
Troop I had entrained, and the rush to fill up the 65th and 74th regiments was rapidly under way.
Buffalo's military men were headed for Mexico. The flame of the preparedness parade carried
the city into the plans for intervention in Mexico with patriotic enthusiasm.
Buffalo's Part in the World War
41
CHAPTER VIII
UNEQUIPPED REGIMENTS CALLED TO MEXICO
IN January, 1916, the government developments in Mexico indicated a more or less serious
situation along the Mexican border, and it became apparent to the Federal authorities that
both Carranza, the head of the Mexican government, and Villa, the outlaw chief, were bent
on deviltry. On the surface of things, Carranza could not control the activities of the Villa army
of desperadoes, but, in the light of subsequent events, it is possible that Carranza desired no
more public control over Villa's acts than Kaiser Wilhelm over the murderous operations of his
submai'ine commanders. In each instance, the subordinates were going about their villainous
work in a manner not entirely unsatisfactory to their superiors. In any event, the trend of
affairs on our Southern border through the Spring of 1916 was drawing the LTnited States closer
daily to a conflict with our Mexican neighbors.
Depredations along the frontier became insolent, as well as destructive, and the lives of civilian
residents were constantly in jeopardy.
A "speed up" order about that time set the local mihtary men on their toes, and, as soon as it
appeared reasonably certain that the militia might be called out for service against Mexico there
was a rustle about the armories, and an interest in soldierly work which showed that the men in
the militia, at least, were anxious and ready for service or adventure.
Mexican intervention to most people then seemed for all the world like a miniature war, but
it became apparent the trouble would not end until the United States stepped in and administered
a spanking to the outlaw Villa and his unruly army. The problem had a serious aspect as well,
for the mountainous country into which the American army would have to follow the Villa forces
,^
Troop I on a Practice March
42 Buffalo's Part in the \A'orld War
afforded an opportunity to the Mexican brigands to carry on the sort of warfare they liked, and
would have endangered the lives of many of our men. But the time had come for intervention,
and the proximity of the trouble gave a zest to it that put the country, for the first time since the
Spanish-American war, into a military stride. Buffalo military men who rarely wore their
uniforms outside the armories could be seen on the streets with boot and spur. Enlistment
headquarters sprang up on street corners. The local commanders sought eagerly to fill up their
regiments, and, with the arrival of Spring, the campaign to secure recruits was under a full head
of steam.
While we were thus engaged in preparation for our own little war, the depredations of the Ger-
man submarine were increasing and the underseas power of the Central Empires became menacing
in the extreme. England and France had begun to feel the serious effect of this attack on their
source of supplies, and Germany was not at all adverse to keeping the United States busily en-
gaged with the Mexican problem. It was subsequently defijiitely established that the Mexi-
can government had promises of assistance from the German government so that the trouble we
were experiencing in Mexico was not entirely divorced from the plans of the German Emperor
in his quest for world domination. The American mind, however, had not centered on any such
thought at that time. Accordingly, we failed to put the two together, but went along with our
Mexican task as a simple proposition between ourselves and Mexico.
As the Mexican problem had been brewing before the Eui-opean war began it was easy to con-
sider it as an affair quite apart from the larger struggle overseas.
Some few Americans had joined the Canadian army at the time we were making ready to head
into Mexico.
Captain William J. Donovan, the able and enthusiastic commander of Troop I, First Cavalry,
had gone abroad on a special mission for the Rockefeller Foundation. His troop was one of the
first to be called out for duty on the Mexican border.
General Pershing, with the regulars, was well on his way into Mexico when on June 19th Presi-
dent Wilson called the militia into Federal service. An opportunity was afforded the guardsmen
to drop out if they did not wish to enter the national muster. Very few took advantage of it,
and the transformation of the local regiments from the service of the State to the service of the
Nation took substantially the entire regiment in each case. The Buffalo regiments, and, pre-
sumably all others through the State, were poorly equipped. An example of the lack of pre-
paredness for war was shown by an order which then came to Colonel Wolf, 74th Infantry, direct-
ing him to organize a machine gun company in his regiment. At that time the war in Europe
had been raging under the terrible power of machine gun paraphernalia for two years. But it
was all so far from us that no serious thought had been given to the proper equipment of the
militia. There was not a machine gun companv in the entire national guard of the State of New
York.
The Buffalo Courier of June 25th, in giving an account of the activity in local military circles,
said:
"Col. Charles .J. Wolf of the Seventy-Fourth Regiment was ordered last night to organize and equip a machine
gun company, which means the command will go to Camp Whitman as an organization of thirteen companies. The
order was telegraphed to Col. Wolf by Major General John F. O'Ryan, with instructions to report immediately when
the company had been organized and fully equipped.
"The use of the machine gun has become quite an important factor in modern warfare, so it was e.xplained by
officers who told of the great eflectiveness of the weapon in the European war, and of the slaughter recently wrought
by Mexicans who turned a machine gun on members of the Tenth United States Cavalry at Carrizal.
"Although many machine guns are in use in the United States Army, few of the national guard organizations
have them, and the order of General O'Ryan is taken here to indicate that similar instructions will be given to other
New York State regiments and, perhaps, to militia units in every section of the country."
About that time, both local regiments were found to be short of uniforms and other equipment
for the new men, and the commanders were notified that no more would be shipped to Buffalo.
Old uniforms, long since discarded, were drawn out of the lockers. The more fortunate recruits
Buffalo's Part in the World ^^'AR
43
74th Regiment at Drill
Colonel Kemp and officers marching by in review
became the proud possessors of these. The regiments lacked, also, an adequate number of guns,
but it was understood, and afterward assured, that a further shipment of supplies would go to
the men in camp. In addition to the fact that our militia was, in the first instance, far below
war strength, and, secondly, that we had no machine gun companies, it was also apparent we had
no sufficient hospital force, no balloon companies, no hand grenades, no trench mortars, no tanks,
no air force, and not any of the steel helmets, which later saved thousands of lives in Europe. We
had no thought of war, and we were therefore not equipped for war.
44 Buffalo's Part in the World War
CHAPTER IX
TROOP I OFF TO BORDER— COLONELS WOLF AND
BABCOCK RELIEVED
TROOP I alone of the Buffalo military units seemed to be at war strength, and, accordingly,
was the first contingent to get under way. The echoes of the preparedness parade of
Saturday, June 24th, had hardly died away when the cavalrymen were assembling pre-
paratory to leaving. The troop train was pulled in on a switch in Northland Avenue where the
railroad men had been in the habit of shunting circus trains when circus day came around. To
the small boy the occasion may have seemed like a circus day. The crowd was there, and the
excitement. The irrepressible vender of buttons and flags and toy balloons was present, and
the peanut man, with his fresh-roasted supply, was not to be denied the opportunity. It was
a more serious occasion, however, to the parents and friends of the boys, who pushed through
the throng to implant a parting kiss or give the last parental word of advice. The boys were
going away on serious business. Therefore it was a serious occasion. But it developed that
the serious business was not to come on that trip. Nor from the direction in which they were
then headed.
Members of the 74th and the 65th regiments had been growing impatient over the delay in
their orders. Only one company in the two regiments — Company I of the 65th, composed almost
entirely of men of Polish descent — was at full war strength. Some of the other regiments in the
State at full war strength, or nearly so, had already left for the border. In an eleventh hour
effort to stir the patriotism of the young men of the city and possibly induce them to enlist,
Brigadier General William Wilson of the Fourth Brigade, Colonel Wolf and Colonel Babcock
issued personal appeals for recruits. The appeals were issued on June 27th, the morning follow-
ing the departure of Troop I. General Wilson said: "It is disappointing that Buffalo has not
given us more men. In fact, the whole country has shown slowness to respond, but there is a
contrast between Buffalo and the smaller towns in this brigade district. The Third moves out
to-night with a regiment practically at war strength. Many companies have more than war
strength and many men are listed in class A of the depot company.
"For the week ending June 17th the two Buffalo regiments had approximately 750 officers
and men each and needed, in round figures, about 1,950 men each. That would show that they
still have to enlist about 2,400 men to complete the two regiments.
"To-day the Buffalo regiments have, in round figures, about 1,000 men apiece. They have
raised few more than 500 men between them. We greatly appreciate efforts that have been put
forward by officers and public-spirited citizens, but the result has been only about one-fifth of
what we started out to accomplish."
The appeals of the regimental officers, the spirit engendered by the preparedness parade and
the excitement attendant upon the departure of Troop I all tended to a further upbuilding of the
two regiments. Throughout that week there was a splendid improvement. At the height of the
campaign, and in the midst of the enthusiasm over preparations for departure, an order came
from Albany relieving Colonel Babcock from command of the 65th and Colonel Wolf from the
command of the 74th. Immediately the two regiments were pitched into a gloom from which
they were slow in emerging. It would be of little material value to recount here the charges and
counter charges which went back and forth over this order. It was a keen disappointment to
the members of both regiments. The new commanders were not residents of Buffalo. Whether
justly or not it was assumed that official favoritism was responsible for their presence. The
enlisted men proved good soldiers, however, and, when the orders came for their departure, they
accepted the new conditions with good heart, marching away with a determination to do their
bit faithfully and fully. Colonel N. B. Thurston, who was given command of the 74th Regiment,
Buffalo's Part in the World War
45
died at McAllen, Texas, on January 15th, 1917. Colonel Daniel W. Hand of the Regular Army
succeeded to the command of the 65th Regiment. He remained with the regiment through the
border campaign and foi" a short time after the return from the border. Orders having been
issued to transform the 65th into an artillery regiment, the Hasten Street men as they were
known, were mobilized on the 19th of .June and left Buffalo on .June 28th. They arrived at
Camp Whitman, Peekskill, N. Y., the following day. On July 10th they were changed into a field
artillery unit, but were not mustered into the Federal service until August 5th, and did not leave
Camp Whitman for the border until early in October. While in Texas the regiment was sta-
tioned at McAllen. The 74th received entrainment orders from Major General Wood on July
4th. The regiment had been Federalized on July 1st and left Buffalo for Pharr, Texas, on July
5th, being moved to McAllen on .January 12th, 1917.
Buffalo National Guardsmen Training for Service
The Mexican campaign was neither exciting nor exacting. The camp was situated badly
and the men endured much bad weather and general discomfort, but they took it without com-
plaint. Strenuous drilling and severity of discipline that winter returned the regiment to Buffalo
a body of regulars, which later were used as shock troops in France. Before the end of the year
it was apparent that the government would not need an army for the Mexican task, as the Mexi-
cans themselves were inclined to return to peaceful relations with this country, though German
intriguers were still at work on both sides of the Rio Grande.
46 Buffalo's Part in the World War
CHAPTER X
GERMANY'S FIRST PEACE PROPOSAL
EARLY in January, 1916, criticism — mild criticism some may say — was aimed at President
Wilson for his failure to do more than merely parley with the German government. Theo-
dore Roosevelt, former President, at least was rather sharp in his censures of the Presi-
dent's policy, but, while that agitation tended to a growth of the war spirit in some sections of
the Nation, there was still no widespread desire to take part in the conflict abroad. The tradi-
tion of non-interference in the poHtical affairs of Europe was too deeply rooted in our national
life to be easily overthrown. The first consideration, we were told, which stiffened the govern-
ment in its efforts to remain neutral was the traditional sense of responsibility toward all the
republics to the south of us. The American government was constantly in touch with the coun-
tries of Central and South America. They, too, we were told, preferred the ways of peace. The
authorities in Washington felt a very obvious obligation to safeguard the interests of those coun-
tries with our own. The second consideration, often developed in the President's speeches, was
the hope and expectation that by keeping aloof from the entanglements and bitter passions of
the involved nations we might be free at the end of the war to tender our good offices and bind
up the wounds of the conflict.
It was becoming daily more evident, however, that the German government was not keeping
faith in its promised submarine policy, and its aggressiveness and indifference to the rights of our
citizens must have convinced the President that if we were to continue to remain neutral even
in this war some further steps must be taken. Accordingly, he began the preparation of a note
to be addressed to the warring nations asking them to define their war purposes and aims.
Before that note was despatched the first German peace offer was promulgated. That move
came as a surprise. Germany had met with defeat at the Marne in the early stages of its invasion
of France, but the decisiveness of the military sequel, as seen in the retrospect of that December
moment, was open to question. At the time of its peace offering Germany was in rather a strong
position.* The note was despatched on December 12th and brought a somewhat prevalent belief
that the looked-for conclusion of wasteful and cruel and unnecessary war had perhaps arrived.
But underlying the proffer was further evidence of German trickery and deceit. It viewed the
struggle as a "catastrophe," and an injury to the "most precious achievements of humanity,"
but it also carried the conviction that the peace terms must be such as would build up a great
Central Empire under German domination.
It was reported that unofficial word came to Washington that unless the neutrals used their
influence to bring the war to an end on terms satisfactory to Berlin, Germany would consider
herself and her allies free to make such warfare as she chose without respect to the rights of
*The first official proposal for peace came from Germany, at the close of the year 1916, at a time when, in Germany's eyes, victory for her army
was already at hand. In the west the Allies had no more than held the German line: while in the east the Central Powers had gained the aid of
Turkey and Bulgaria, had overrun Poland, Serbia, Roumania, and had inflicted serious reverses upon the British in Mesopotamia. The Italians
were advancing towards Trieste, and the sea was cleared of German merchant ships; but during the first two years then closing, the fortunes of
war were decidedly with Germany and her allies. Under these circumstances the German Government offered to discuss peace, confident that
if the Allies accepted the offer she could get what she wanted, while if they refused it, it could be made to appear that they were responsible for
prolonging the conflict.
The offer was contained in a note dated December 12, 1916, and forwarded to the belligerents through the neutral powers, Spain, Switzerland,
■ and the United States. The essential paragraph of the note is the following:
Our aims are not to shatter nor annihilate our adversaries. In spite of our consciousness of our military and economic strength
and our readiness to continue the war (which has been forced upon us) to the bitter end, if necessary; at the same time, prompted by
the desire to avoid further bloodshed and make an end of the atrocities of war, the four allied (Central) Powers propose to enter forth-
with into peace negotiations.
In the note which the German Government sent at the same time to the Pope, its aims were expressed as follows:
Germany is carrying on a war of defense against her enemies, which aim at her destruction. She fights to assure the integrity of
her frontiers and the liberty of the German nation, for the right which she cfeims to develop freely her intellectual and economic
energies in peaceable competition and on an equal footing with other nations.
Such an offer, clearly could have been made only by those who felt that they had the upper hand. It was not an offer of terms, but an offer
to stop the war on condition that the Allies should signify a willingness to accept such terms as Germany might propose. For the Entente to have
accepted the offer of a peace conference under the circumstances would have been equivalent to an "unconditional surrender" to Ger-
many.
The formal reply to the German offer was contained in a joint note of all the .\llied Governments, December 30, 1916. The .\llies refused to
consider "a proposal which is empty and insincere." — U'ar BuTfon Comiiiilht\
Buffalo's Part in the World War 47
neutral or non-belligerent nations. It became apparent that Germany's purpose was to unleash
her submarines, and it is evident that the whole peace movement was conceived with the idea
that it would be refused and thus give to the German government an excuse before its own people
to justify open submarine warfare on the ships and citizens of the United States. It is difficult
to conceive of any other purpose in the peace proposal. Germany at that moment was at the
height of her military power and knew her advantage.
It was at this stage that President Wilson addressed a note to the belligerent nations. The
note was dated December 18, 1916— that is to say, six days after the German proposal for a peace
conference was issued; but the note had been written, or at least determined upon, before that
date, and the President was careful to say that his action was in no way associated with the over-
tures of the Central Powers. In his note the President pointed out that each side professed to
be fighting a defensive war; each side professed to be the champion of small nations; each side
professed to be "ready to consider the formation of a League of nations to ensure peace and justice
throughout the world."
Thus the objects for which both sides wei'e fighting, "stated in general terms * * * seem to
be the same." The President felt justified therefore in asking the belligerent powers if it would
not be possible for them to avow the "precise objects which would, if attained, satisfy them and
their people." The President felt justified in making this request, because the United States
was "as vitally and directly interested as the governments now at war" in the "measures to be
taken to secure the future peace of the world."
This note had a double significance. It assumed that something more was necessary for as-
suring "the future peace of the world" than the mere negotiation of particular peace treaties be-
tween belligerents: and it asserted that in this larger question the United States would have
something to say. The note amounted to saying that the war ought to result, not merely in
the establishment of a satisfactory peace between the belligerents, but in the establishment of
a new international order in which all nations would take part.
The President on December 18th despatched his note to the belligerent countries asking for
their war aims, and the year closed with the Republic very near to war with Germany and the
people wholly unaware of the fact. The German peace note had created a new somnolence. We
still believed that even a declai'ation of war could not take us into war; that in its gravest aspect
our utmost function as a belligerent would be in despatching food and ammunition to the Allies.
48 BuFPALo's Part in the World War
CHAPTER XI
MAYOR'S AMERICANIZATION COMMITTEE AT WORK
IAUNCHING the preparedness movement in this city, as in other American cities, had been
. no easy task. In some cities, notably Chicago, the effort had wholly failed. People were
-^ not afraid of war, because they could not conceive how war was to come to them. They
laughed at war's alarm. They smiled when public speakers talked of war. The only reason
they gave ear to preparedness orators was the good old American practice of trying everything
once. Here and there, however, the thought took root. Interested men, at various times
throughout the year of 1916, advanced propositions looking to better preparation for national
defense in the event of war. The preparedness parade, referred to in a preceding chapter, was
of that sort, but the Mexican intervention absorbed all the effect of those movements, and what
had been conceived as a general awakening of the people to the possibility of war with a European
belligerent went with the national guard to the border.
As the Mexican situation began to straighten itself out, and the soldiers once more faced to-
wards home, the masses, content with our military display, were inclined to dismiss from their
thoughts all consideration of preparedness plans and return again to their usual peaceful pursuits.
That practice, however, they were not long to follow; for the activity of the German submarines
on the ocean highways, the constant German aggressions against the rights of neutral nations,
and the continual agitation on the part of a small body of patriotic Americans, like a hundred
Paul Reveres dashing along with lantern and cry, succeeded in holding the country, against its
own wish, to the urgent need for better national defense.
The establishment of the National Security League was followed by the organization of the
National Conference of Mayors, the Conference of Constructive Patriotism, The American De-
fense Society, an organization for the promotion of Americanism in factory and school, and, per-
haps, many others. Branches of those mentioned were established here, and Buffalo was listed
among the foremost cities of the country in patriotic endeavor ; in fact, the earnestness of the men
of Mr. Hollister's committee and of the municipal government in promoting patriotic enterprises,
attracted national attention. Our militia regiments went to the Border undermanned, but that
was true of nearly every regiment everywhere in the Union. We were in step with the men who
were trying to arouse the country to a realization of its needs.
On February 9, 1916, Mayor Fuhrmann received a letter from Mayor John Purroy Mitche! of
New York* enlisting his co-operation and inviting him to attend a conference on National
defense in St. Louis, on March 3d and 4th. Mayor Fuhrmann and Mr. Hollister attended the
Conference, and returned more determined than ever to press their preparedness efforts at
home.
Plans for the organization of a system of military training in the high schools were submitted
by Bayard Martin; proposals for a vigilance corps, and many other suggestions of a like nature,
were presented to the city authorities.
These matters were discussed by the Council, but it appeared to be the opinion of the local
officials that if preparation of that sort was needed it would necessarily require a broader scope,
*Dear Mr. Mayor: New York. February 8th, 1916.
As a nation we are not adequately prepared for successful defense in case of attack.
To assist in expressing the sentiment of the Country in favor of national defense, the undersigned are calling a meeting of the Mayors and the
Mayors' National Defense Committees of the cities of the United States to meet in Conference in St. Louis on March 3 and 4, 1916.
We ask your co-operation in this movement. If you have not done so. we suggest that you appoint a National Defense Committee of Citizens
to take prompt action in this vital question, and that you urge such committee as far as possible to attend the St. Louis Conference.
Our foreign policies are only as strong as our ability to enforce them. Our security is only as strong as our defenses are strong. The better
able we are to defend ourselves, the less liable we are to be called upon to do so. Therefore, let us perfect our defenses and thus preserve and per-
petuate our free institutions, our liberties and our national life.
Yours very truly,
John Purroy M[tchel, Mayor of New York;
Henry W. Kie. Mayor of St. Louis:
James G. Woodward, Mayor of Atlanta, Gar,
James M. Curley, Mayor of Boston.
Buffalo's Part in the World War 49
covering all those physically able and eligible for service. As a matter of fact there was no popular
demand for anything of the kind, and the Council was not prepared to commit the city to military
training until such time as the need became evident. No one in the Council, and but few out
of it, believed that such a time would ever arrive.
The Americanization project which came before the city that year received more serious atten-
tion than the others, and towards the end of the year several pamphlets were issued under city
financing for educational purposes. The co-operation of the teachers in the public and parochial
schools was obtained. Much of the educational work, however, was performed by the Civic
Education Association, and the brochures on citizenship and the need for Americanization issued
by that organization were instructive, and w^ere widely read. In co-operation with the Civic
Education Association, and to carry on the work generally throughout the city, Mayor Fuhr-
mann appointed a committee of fifty on Americanization, and issued a proclamation* announcing
the personnel of the committee. The Americanization plan was largely a local effort. Detroit
and some other cities worked energetically, as did Buffalo, to achieve lasting results, and un-
doubtedly much good was accomplished. The need for that work became apparent very soon
thereafter, but at the time it was proposed it was looked upon as a hobby for those who had noth-
ing of a serious nature to occupy their time. There is probably no way of determining what
each of these movements accomplished singly or collectively. Surely they were not wholly un-
shod of value. At least they were educative. A finely drawn dial recording the variations in
the public mind from the beginning of the year would be needed to enable us to note the changes
at the end. We were drifting toward the European war but we were still unconscious of the fact.
*Whereas, never before in the history uf the world has it meant more to be an American citizen than it means to-day: and
Whereas, in our own city of Buffalo, we have more than a hundred thousand persons of foreign birth who seek to work and live with us. shar-
ing our responsibilities and privileges, but are handicapped through ignorance of our language — thirty thousand being totally without knowledge
of it — and being thus prevented from full assimilation,
Therefore, I, Louis P. Fuhrmann:, Mayor of the City of Buffalo, do hereby ask all citizens, both native and foreign, to give serious attention
to this important city problem and co-operate to the best of their power with all existing educational authorities to make Buffalo an English-speak-
ing city, and to this end, following the action of other progressive American cities. I appoint the following citizens to constitute a Committee of
Fifty on Americanization:
Mrs. Henry Altman, President of Buffalo City Federation of Woman's Clubs: Frank B. Baird, President of the Chamber of Commerce; Har-
old J. Balliett, Secretary of the Department of Public Works; E. J. Barcalo, President of the Barealo Manufacturing Co.; William H. Barr,
President of the Manufacturers' Association: Joseph Bellanca, President of the Italian-American Business Men; Mrs. Frank H. Bliss, Vice-
President of the Civic Education Association; Walter L. Brown, Librarian of the Buffalo Public Librar\-; Mrs. Walter P. Cooke, President of
the Twentieth Century Club; Frank A. Coupal. President of the Rotary Club; Rt. Rev. D. Dougherty, Bishop of the Diocese of Buffalo: H. P
Emerson, Superintendent of Education: Mrs. John Knox Freeman, Director of the Civic Education Association: Dr. F. E. Fronczak, Health
Commissioner of Buffalo: Robert W. Gallagher, President of the Greater Buffalo Club; W. P. Goodspeed, President of the Ad Club; Stuart A.
Hayward, President of the Central Labor Council: Charles M. Heald. Commissioner of Public Affairs; Frank Henry, Manager of the Washburn-
Crosby Co.; William H. Hill, Treasurer of the Crosby Co.; Evan HoUister, President of the Buffalo Security League: Mrs. John Miller Horton,
Regent, Buffalo Chapter D. A. R.; Henry R. Howland, President of the Society of Mayflower Descendants; Arthur W. Hurd, M. D., President
of the Sons of the American Revolution; Arnold E. Jenny. Director of the Y. M. C. A. English to Foreigners Work: Daniel J. Kenefick. Chair-
man of the Board of Education: L. N. Kilman, United States Naturalization Examiner; Louis J. Kopald, Rabbi of the Temple of Beth Zion;
Mrs. Josephine Kudlicka. Librarian of the Dom Polski Library; Horace O. Lanza. Attorney; Louis W. Marcus, Justice of the Supreme Court;
Miss Martha Mazurowska, Department Principal of No. 7 School; H. A. Meldrum. Chairman of Chamber of Commerce Education Committee;
W. A. Morgan, President of the Buffalo Copper & Brass RoHing Mill; Adelbert Moot. Attorney, Member of the State Board of Regents; Georee
B. Montgomery. President of the Civic Education Committee: Henry D. Miles, President of the Buffalo Foundry & Machine Co.; Charles P.
Norton, Chancellor of the University of Buffalo: Gustave Ohlin, Immigration Inspector: Richard O'Keefe, General Secretary of the Chamber of
Commerce; Frank Olszanowski, President of the Dom Polski Association: Alexander Osborn, Chairman of the Ad Club Americanization Com-
mittee; Rev. Alexander Pitass. St. Stanislaus Parochial School; Edwin A. Rumball, General Secretary of the Civic Education Association; Frank
H. Severance, Secretary of the Buffalo Historical Society; George A. Smith. Supervisor of Educational Extension Work; Rev. Angelo Strazzioni,
St. Anthony of Padua Parochial School; Harry L. Taylor, Justice of the Supreme Court; Rev. T. J. Walsh, Chancellor of the Diocese of Buffalo.
50
Buffalo's Part in the World War
Returning from the Mexican Border
Troop I 74th Infantry
3d Artillery
Buffalo's Part in the World War 51
CHAPTER XII
CITY WELCOMES RETURNING SOLDIERS
A FTER two months in the mud at Pharr and McAlIen the national guardsmen of the several
l\ States were ready to return home. It had become evident by that time they were not to
•^ -^ go into action, and the men lost interest in the task to which they had been assigned.
The Administration had no desire to keep them on the border longer than actual need required,
and, early in December, some of the troops moved homeward. Buffalo wanted her sons back
just as quickly as any other locality, and the pressure to secure an early demobilization of the
Buffalo guardsmen was soon felt. That desire was expressed in newspaper interviews and edi-
torials; in letters to public officials, and, finally, in resolutions which made their appearance in
the Council minutes. On December 7th Mayor Fuhrmann directed a letter to the War Depart-
ment at Washington urging the return of the Buffalo regiments. On December 12th he appointed
"a committee to prepare a proper welcome for the soldiers now in Texas on their return to
Buffalo." The personnel of the committee was as follows:
Louis P. Fuhrmann, General Chairman; William A. Morgan, Chairman, Reception Committee; Dr. Walter
S. GOODALE, Chairman, Executive Committee; Samuel B. Botsford, Chairman, Banquet Committee; Hans
Schmidt, Chairman, Music Committee; Albert B. Wright, Chairman, Hall Committee, including Interior Deco-
rations; Richard C. O'Keefe, Chairman, Committee of Street Decorations; Norman A. MacDonald, Chairman
Finance Committee; Brigadier-General S. M. Welch, Chairman, Committee on Military; Mrs. Edward A. Eisele,
Chairman, Women's Committee; Henry G. Anderson, Chairman, Auditing Committee.
In the meantime information was brought to the city that an effort would be made to divide
the forces of the Third Artillery (the old 65th Infantry) and that but a portion of the regiment
would be returned to Buffalo. In view of the manner in which the local commanders had been
relieved of their commands and out-of-town officers substituted on the eve of the departure of
the regiments, the rumor was given very general credence. Newspapers and public officials
gave expression to an aroused public sentiment, and a resolution presented to the Council on
December 13th, 1916, by Commissioner Charles M. Heald, calling on the Federal Government
to return the regiment intact, was unanimously adopted.
The City of Buffalo probably has contributed more soldiers for the defense of our southern border in response to the call of the President than
any other city in the country in proportion. All our citizens are justly proud of the three splendid military organizations, representing three
branches of the service, which are now on the border. The Seventy-fourth, the Third Artillery and Troop I, we believe, are unexcelled in their
respective fields.
We may reasonably expect that these men who have upheld the honor of their country and their city will soon be returning home. It is fitting
that the citizens of Buffalo be prepared to show their appreciation of the service of these three splendid organizations.
It is also important that the Third Artillery Regiment be returned intact to Buffalo after its present term of service in the field. This regiment
has one million dollars' worth of the latest and best ordnance equipment in the United States. It is said to be the latest word in heavy field artil-
lery. It appears that efforts are being made by other sections of the country to have part of this great regiment taken from Buffalo and sent
elsewhere. Buffalo must prevent any such action. This regiment was made an efficient fighting machine by the manhood of Buffalo. The mem-
bers of this regiment are entitled by their service to have this organization with all its equipment maintained in Buffalo after their return. The
citizens of Buffalo are also entitled to this at the hands of the nation.
I. therefore, recommend the adoption of two resolutions, as follows:
That the Council of the City of Buffalo hereby calls upon all citizens to unite in demanding that the Third New York Field Artillery be
brought intact to Buffalo after its duty on the border has been performed and that the regiment, with all its equipment, be maintained in this city;
and that the City Clerk be directed to send a copy of these resolutions to all of our representatives in the national and state legislatures.
Charles M. Heald, Comr. of Public Affairs.
In recognition of the city's demand no attempt, if contemplated, was made to divide the regi-
ment.
On January 22d, 1917, the Council directed another communication sent to the Secretary of
War, again urging the return of the Buffalo regiments. The request had scarcely reached the
War Department when orders were issued by Brigadier General Parker of the Southern Depart-
ment for the return of the 74th Regiment. Troop I and the 3d Artillery had been compelled,
however, to remain, all of which was explained in a letter from Adjutant General Cruikshank
presented to the Council on the following day:
52 Buffalo's Part in the World War
Dear Sir:
I beg to advise you that the Commanding General, Southern Department, has recently designated for return home, for muster out, the 74th
Infantry, National Guard of New York, which will, however, leave on the border the 1st Cavalry and the 3d Field Artillery. With respect to the
last mentioned organization, it ma.v be stated that it did not arrive on the border until October 10, 1916, and that there are a number of organiza-
tions of the National Guard which preceded the 3d Field Artillery to the border, which are still there and not under orders to return.
The matter of returning National Guard organizations is in the hands of the Commanding General, Southern Department, who has full respon-
sibility for the conduct of militar.v affairs on the Mexican border and who, in the selection of organizations to be returned is being guided by
tactical and other reasons apparent to hira alone, and over which the War Department cannot wisely undertake to exercise control.
The Department regrets, in view of the circumstances as set forth above, that it cannot be stated, at this time, with any degree of certainty,
when the 1st Cavalry and the 3d Field Artillery, National Guard of New York, can be returned to their home stations for muster out.
It was late in February before the 74th Regiment reached Buffalo. The reception committee
had planned a splendid welcome and the men marched through cheering thousands to the Con-
necticut Street Armory. They were greeted there by Governor Charles S. Whitman, Mayor
Fuhrmann, Commissioners Heald, Hill, Kreinheder and Malone, William A. Morgan, Dr. Walter
S. Goodale and other members of the reception committee. The Rev. William A. Sunday, a
distinguished evangelist, then conducting services in Buffalo, left his tabernacle early in order to
join in the city's ovation to her returning troops. Brief speeches were delivered by the Governor,
by the Mayor and by Rev. Mr. Sunday, but their words scarcely reached the soldiers, for mothers,
sisters and sweethearts had crowded the armory floor and the boys were receiving the real heart-
felt welcome which only loved ones can give. After a luncheon in the officers' quarters the guests
dispersed, and the regiment was formally mustered out of Federal service on February 24th.
The Third Artillery and Troop I arrived in Buffalo on IVIarch 11 and 12. The first train sec-
tion, bringing a part of the artillerj', reached the city on Sunday morning at 10 A. M.; another
section arrived in the afternoon, and two others about midnight. The train carrying the mem-
bers of Troop I arrived at 2.35 A. M. on Monday morning March 12. Governor Whitman came
to Buffalo to greet these returning soldiers, as he had the members of the 74th Regiment. A
parade was arranged to escort the men to their respective armories. It required some time to
unload the heavy apparatus, and on Monday afternoon the streets were again crowded with a
happy throng of Buffalonians bidding the boys a hearty welcome home. Governor Whitman
and Commissioner Malone extended the official words of greeting. Colonel Hand for the 3d
Artillery, and Captain William J. Donovan, who had returned from Europe to take command
of his troopers on the border, responded for their respective commands.
The homecomings were not, however, invested with any of the enthusiasm of permanence.
The vicious submarine warfare begun by Germany had already made certain hostile relations
with this country, and the returning soldiers were looking longingly toward the seaboard. They
had smelled the smoke of powder and were eager for action. Of course, no one anticipated
mobilization for foreign service; the men were to be mustered out. Even war on Germany, it
was assumed, would not entail anything further than a more effective system of home defense.
Buffalo's Part in the World War 53
CHAPTER XIII
ALLIES DECLINE PEACE TERMS
ON January 1st, 1917, the agitation in favor of an early return of the local troops from the
border was still intense and absorbed public interest. Affairs at Washington were rapidly
taking on a grave aspect and Buffalo was not wholly unmindful of the turn in events.
Germany's peace proposal of December was intensely autoci-atic, but Germany had established
a military supremacy on all the battle fronts of Europe and, accordingly, to the uninterested
throng of Buffalonians, like other Americans, who looked on with no more concern than the bet-
less spectator at a horse race, Germany's peace pi-oposal did not seem extraordinarily exacting.
The German peace note did not, however, carry the tone of a nation fighting a battle of defense,
but rather of a nation which had already assumed the role of a conqueror. The proposal was a
peace move calculated to set up a central empire to dominate first, Europe, and then whatever
else without limit its powerful position might enable it to control. Also, the manifesto extended
an invitation to any of Germany's enemies, who wished to accept a separate peace, so that the
Imperial Government might the more easily crush its remaining enemies, and then take peaceful
possession of the supplicant at its own good pleasure.
While the German militaiy machine succeeded. German diplomacy failed. The Allies declined
the peace proposal. Naturally and inevitably they were compelled to that decision; better a
complete military reversal and annihilation than peace of the kind offered. But the German
device was not viewed by all in the same light. To many it carried the conviction that Germany
was seeking a settlement on terms not more exacting than her military successes up to that time
entitled her to ask. Germany's method of conducting the war; her vicious treatment of the
citizens of the countries through which her armies passed, outraged the American sense of de-
cency, and, while our national position was still a matter of debate among the American people,
the majority were swinging strongly against Germany. President Wilson's reply to the peace
note met the approval of the Nation. It was not so strong as some wished it, nor did it carry
all the promise that France and England had hoped it would. He answei-ed Germany with a
counter proposal, and in his answer, for the first time, the proposition of a League of Nations was
given definite form and official recognition.
Germany had not been placing a false hope on the successful outcome of the negotiations.
Her's was not a sincere peace initiative, though a portion of the public accepted it as such. Her
ostensible determination to curb U-boat activities, apparently in answer to the American demand
that the ruthless warfare of the ocean cease, was a determination of necessity adopted until such
time as the Imperial Government believed itself equipped to control all operation on the ocean
highways.
That moment was close at hand when she submitted her autocratic peace scheme. Knowl-
edge of these facts had not reached the people of this city, nor of this country, when the New Year
dawned, but such knowledge had already stirred oflScial Washington and had greatly disturbed
the leaders of the Allies in London and in Paris.
The insincerity of Germany in her peace suggestion and in hei- letters to this government, while
widely suspected, was not completely established until late in March. Count Von Bernstorff,
the German Ambassador to the United States, protested at Washington the earnest desire of
his government to retain the friendship of the American people, and yet, at the same time, was
in communication with the German foreign office in furtherance of innumei-able intrigues cal-
culated to injure this nation. German propagandists, spies and plotters were thick in all sec-
tions of the country. Munition plants, here and there, were destroyed, presumably by German
agents. It was subsequently established that on .Januaiy 16th Count Von Bernstorff received
secret orders to have all German ships, interned in this country, dismantled and their machinery
54 Buffalo's Part in the World War
ruined. That work was quietly planned to be carried out on a given signal. On January 19th
the infamous letter* from Secretary Zimmermann, of the Portfolio of Foreign Affairs for the Impe-
rial Government, was transmitted by Count Von Bernstorff to Minister Von Eckhert in Mexico.
Germany's attempt to unite Mexico and Japan against the United States had been carried on
while the Administration at Washington was going to extremes in an endeavor to avoid an armed
clash with the forces of the Kaiser. President Wilson, accepting Germany's protestations of a
desire for continued friendship with this countiy, endured flagrant violations of American rights
on the sea, and breaches of neutrality on American soil. Official Washington endured them.
They were resented by some, to be sure, but the masses were not for war at that time and sought
to avoid it as long as it could be honorably avoided. Germany had her subtle intrigues carefully
concealed, and, while Washington had worked earnestly to compel a peaceful recognition of Amer-
ican i-ights and the protection of American interests, Germany had numbered the United States
among her enemies from the start and was making provision to dwarf American efforts.
The final German affront to this country came on the last day of January, 1917. On that day
Count Von Bernstorff handed to Secretary of State Lansing a note in which the German Govern-
ment announced its purpose to intensify and render more ruthless the operations of its submarines.
The German Chancellor stated before the Imperial Diet at that time that the reason this unre-
stricted policy had not been earlier employed was simply because the Imperial Government had
not been ready to act before ; in other words, the delay was not out of respect to the protestations
of the United States, as Germany had previously stated in its official communications, but by
virtue of necessity. On February 3d, Secretary Lansing handed Count Von Bernstorff his pass-
ports, and, on the same day the President addressed both Houses of Congress and announced
the complete severance of diplomatic relations with Germany. At the same time he stated he
did not regard the act as tantamount to a declaration of war.
"We are the sincere friends of the German people," he said, "and earnestly desire to remain at peace
with the Government which speaks for them. God grant that we may not be challenged by acts of wilful
injustice on the part of the Government of Germany."
Berlin, January 19, 1917.
*"0n the first of February we intend to begin submarine warfare unrestricted. In spite of this, it is our intention to endeavor to keep neutral
the United States of America.
"If this attempt is not successful, we propose an alliance on the following basis with Mexico: That we shall make war together and together
make peace. We shall give general financial support, and it is understood that Mexico is to reconquer the lost territory in New Mexico. Texas
and Arizona. The details are left to you for settlement.
"You are instructed to inform the President of Mexico of the above in the greatest confidence as soon as it is certain that there will be an out-
break of war with the United States and suggest that the President of Mexico, on his own initiative, should communicate with Japan suggesting
adherence at once to this plan; at the same time offer to mediate between Germany and Japan.
"Please call to the attention of the President of Mexico that the employment of ruthless submarine warfare now promises to compel England to
make peace in a few months."
(Signed) Zimmermann.
Buffalo's Part in the World War
55
CHAPTER XIV
CHAMBER OF COMMERCE URGES ARMED GUARDS
FOR LOCAL PLANTS
ON the last day of February, 1917, while Buffalonians were celebrating the return of the
troops from the border, a copy of the Zimmermann note to Mexico was made public. It
stirred this city as it did Congress and the rest of the country. Action was demanded.
President Wilson no longer held out hope that the United States could continue as the nation
seeking to hold an even balance of judgment between disputants. And as much as the people
had hoped to keep out of the fray they exhibited no little relief to be free from that reserve which
is expected of a judge. On March 12th the order was issued to place armed guards on the Amer-
ican merchant ships, and the country rapidly drifted toward a declaration of war. A special
session of Congress, called by the President for April 16th, was shortly afterwards advanced to
April 2d. Through all this agitation it never really became apparent to the people generally
that a declaration of war would mean any serious sacrifice or the sending of troops out of the
country.
Buffalo's first realization that the war would reach into this city came about when the directors
of the Chamber of Commerce were quietly called in special session with the City Council on Friday
evening, March 23d, 1917. Councilmen Heald, Hill, Kreinheder and Malone attended. Mayor
Fuhrmann, though invited, did not attend. He expressed a belief that the directors of the
Chamber were unduly excited. The purpose of the meeting was to take all necessary steps to-
ward guarding elevators, water and light plants, and other valuable properties, particularly
the munition plants and industries supplying war material to the Allies. The excitement around
Members of 74th Regiment Guarding Hailroad Bridges
56 Buffalo's Part in the World War
the Chamber of Commerce Building that night was intense, but the Mayor was not moved by
the action taken there and endeavored to cool off the situation. He declined to wire the Governor
for military assistance, and he subsequently declined to go to Albany to see the Governor on that
sort of a mission. Commissioner Hill disagreed with the Mayor as to the necessity for immediate
measures, and early Saturday morning started for the State Capitol to obtain an interview with
Governor Whitman. Commissioner Hill urged the Governor to mobilize the 74th Regiment
and throw a guard around the Buffalo water works pumping stations and the elevators. Mayor
Fuhrmann contended that the guard of policemen then at those points furnished sufficient pro-
tection : that no German sympathizers had been active here, basing that statement on the reports
from John Martin, Chief of Police. He cautioned the people not to become wrought up or dis-
turbed in their daily occupations. News of the meeting was made public on Saturday, March 24th.
Rumors spread about the city rapidly on Sunday. Most of these, purporting to tell of attempts
to blow up the water works and the electric plant on the River Road, and of other desperate
plots, were unconfirmed and probably baseless.
The excitement, however, necessitated some official recognition, and on Monday morning,
March 26th, a conference was held in the office of ]\Iayor Fuhrmann. That consultation, attended
by Police Chief Martin, Major Arthur Kemp and Captain Ralph K. Robertson of the 74th Regi-
ment; A. A. Landon, president of the Chamber of Commerce; W. R. Huntley, president of the
Buffalo General Electric Company; Arthur W. Kreinheder, Sheriff Edward Stengel, George C.
Lehmann and Corporation Counsel William S. Rann settled most of the rumors. At the con-
clusion of the conference Mayor Fuhrmann issued the following statement:
"In view of the international cornplications and the need of reckoning with the local situation, I called
a conference this morning at my office.
"At this conference ice went into careful details concerning all the precautionary measures which
have been taken and which might still be taken to insure the best possible protection for public and
quasi-public ivorks. Consideration was also given to possibility of enlisting the services of the State
militia for guard duty.
"After a thorough discussion we reached the conclusion that the precautions already taken with
reference to the protection of public municipal works are ample. It was decided to increase the guard
at the electric power plant on the River Road, and this task has been assigned to Sheriff Stengel."
Excitement about the City Hall was somewhat allayed by that action, and the business organi-
zations took matters a bit easier. Out of the turmoil, however, was organized the Niagara De-
fense League, whose activities during the war period were both extensive and commendable.
At the regimental headquarters, however, from the date of the Zimmermann intrigue exposure
the earnestness of preparations was marked. On March 10th Governor Whitman signed the
appointment of Major Kemp as Colonel of the 74th, succeeding Colonel Thurston who had died
on the border. Shortly thereafter Colonel Manus M'Closkey, who subsequently fought with
the Second Division at Belleau Wood, and Captain .J. K. Parkins, U. S. A., arrived to muster
the 74th men back into the Federal sei-vice. Recruiting stations were established at various
points down town and the city passed through another intense recruiting campaign. Enlistments
came more rapidly than when called for in connection with service on the border. General
gossip had it that the Regular Army and possibly those in the National Guard would be called
into service. Very few expected, even though war should be declared by Congress, any guards-
men to be sent out of this country. On March 12th a meeting in Troop I headquarters in the
Delavan Avenue Armory was held to organize an officers' reserve corps from among the members
of the Buffalo-Plattsburg Association. The President's call for 87.000 men to fill the needs of the
Navy, and the establishment of naval and marine recruiting stations all added to the interest
occasioned by these preparations for defense. Speakers could be found on all the rostrums every-
where urging young men to join the colors, and from across the border came appeals from Cana-
dian officers to the Canadians living in this city to give a hand to their bi-others "over there."
German submarines increased their piracies and merchant ships were sent to the bottom daily
with their crews and cargoes. Some of these were American ships, and, as the time set for the
Buffalo's Part in the World War
57
City (Mlicials Inspecting Waterfront Property
Mayor Fuhrmann and military men throw guard around BufTalo plants
meeting of Congress drew near, the fighting spirit of the people became thoroughly aroused.
Still, it was not expected that we would send troops across the ocean ; in fact, that thought had
scarcely entered the public mind. Millions of men for home defense? Yes! But the possi-
bility of a foreign expedition did not seem to be in the realm of actualities. The sentiment of
that moment in Buffalo may be taken from an editorial excerpt which appeared in the Buffalo
Commercial on March 22d, the day after President Wilson had decided the extra session of Con-
gress should meet on April 2d instead of April 16th as previously announced. The editorial:
"The things for the Government to do in this crisis are manifold. It must open the ports of the United States
to the warships of all the nations at war with Germany. Its vast credits in gold must be available to those who are
fighting for the same end as we are. We may also e.xtend to them supplies of war in still greater abundance, although
there is reason to believe that the Allies have now a vast preponderance of war material. Our Navy must co-operate
with the navies of Great Britain, France and Italy in keeping the ocean lanes clear of enemy submarines. .4 universal
military service law must be passed, not in the expectation that the army will find an actual field for activity in the present
war, but as a precaution and a guaranty for the future."
Just about that time the Czar was dethroned and Russia became a Republic. From out of
the war one dynasty had tumbled, and, even though it was a friendly dynasty, the sentiment
began to crystallize that this conflict was not a mere war of kings in which we had, by right, only
a spectator's part. As the day of the extraordinary session of Congress drew near, President
Wilson prepared to go before that body and ask the Representatives of the Nation to declare
the existence of a State of War with the Imperial Government of Germany.
58 Buffalo's Part in the World War
CHAPTER XV
ELMWOOD MUSIC HALL MASS MEETING DECLARES FOR WAR
PORTENTS of war, multiplying through March, found a realization in April. Buffalo had
awaited with keen interest the President's message which was read in Congress on April
2d. It was generally anticipated that it would be a war message; most of the people,
though not anxious, were ready for a declaration of hostilities. The young men especially had
caught the enthusiasm of the hour, and the schools rang with patriotic songs and martial airs.
Promptly at 12 o'clock noon on April 2d, as Congress was called to order, upwards of 75,000
children and more than 3,000 teachers of the public and parochial schools assembled at their
respective schools for patriotic exercises in recognition of the gravity of the situation with which
Congress was about to deal. The program was simple. At exactly 12 o'clock the children sang
"The Star Spangled Banner." The song concluded, they joined in rousing cheers for the Presi-
dent, for George Washington, Abraham Lincoln, Teddy Roosevelt, Mayor Fuhrmann, and every-
one else who in their minds typified the American Government or American institutions. Appro-
priate resolutions were adopted, and the ceremonies concluded with the singing of "America"
and a salute to the flag.
In the closing days of March, Mayor Fuhrmann received a letter from the Mayors' Committee
of American Cities, the same that had been active in the preparedness movement, suggesting
that all cities agree upon April 5th as a day to be set apart for mass meetings throughout
the country, "and to pass such resolutions as will demonstrate to the world that the people of
America are ready to act resolutely, promptly and patriotically to meet the crisis at hand."
In black-face type at the top of the letter were several patriotic appeals: "The Nation is in
peril!" " It is time to show our colors!" "We must defend our rights or we may soon have no
rights to defend!" "Every one should stand by the President in defense of our country!" That
call was heeded; in fact, the Mayor, Mr. Hollister and others in the Security League and the niany
similar organizations which had sprung into being, were not long in formulating plans for a mass
meeting to be held on the evening of April 5th at Elmwood Music Hall. On March 31st the
Mayor appointed a committee of 100. Fully half of the men named had filed an acceptance
within the day, and on the following day the Mayor issued a proclamation* to the people caUing
on them to assemble at Elmwood Music Hall on the date set.
The President's war message of April 2d set the country aglow with patriotic fervor, and though
differences still existed in Congress, on the night of Buffalo's war meeting it was apparent
that war with Germany would be declared within a short time. The immense gathering
was itself aroused and in turn aroused the city to a higher pitch than had been experienced
on any prior occasion. An overflow meeting was held at the First Presbyterian Church.
Throughout the city civic organizations were likewise active, and at all of these, resolu-
tions declaring devotion to America, and support for the President and Congress were adopted.
Buffalonians volunteered that night their lives and fortunes as did their forefathers of Revo-
lutionary fame; they stated a willingness to stake all in "the struggle of Democracy against
Autocracy" for the peace and liberty of humanity. No such momentous rally had called the
people together in this city since the early '60's, but we were in no such fearful mood as were the
men and women of the earlier period.
*To The People of Buffalo:
Pursuant to the appeal addressed to me by fifty citizens of this city requesting a mass meeting to be held this week, to give public expression
to the loyalty and patriotism of the citizens of Buffalo in upholding the President of the United States in the stard he is taking to maintain Amer-
ican rights and to protect the lives of American citizens, I hereby call upon the people of Buffalo to assemble at Elmwood Music Hall, Wednesday
evening, April 4th, at eight o'clock, for this purpose.
Louis P. Fuhrmann, Mayor.
We were staging some of the show; not much, but some. For example, a German singing
society, the Buffalo Orpheus, was selected to sing America at the opening of the meeting. The
Buffalo's Part in the World War 59
Orpheus was chosen to do the singing to convey the impression that all Buffalo was a unit, all
races one, in support of the determination against Germany. That probably was so as far as
the Orpheus was concerned, but it was not entirely true among the masses. Debate was heavily
supported on both sides, and sometimes intense, on the question of entering into "a foreign war."
The cheering at Buffalo's patriotic meeting that night undoubtedly voiced the prevailing
sentiment in the hearts of the audience. One young man in khaki, who had to climb over men
and chairs to reach the front of the platform in order to deliver his brief speech, showed in every
action his appreciation of the crisis and his eagerness for battle. That young man was Captain
William J. Donovan of Troop I, who later as Major and then as Lieutenant Colonel, and finally
as Colonel, distinguished himself on the battlefields of France. Other hundreds in Elmwood
Music Hall that night felt likewise, but to the vast and overwhelming majority the actualities
of war seemed at that time remote. The speakers, other than Captain Donovan, were Adelbert
Moot, George H. Kennedy and John Lord O'Brian. Mayor Fuhrmann presided, and delivered
the preliminary address. At the overflow meeting in the First Presbyterian Church, Rev. Andrew
V. V. Raymond, pastor, presided. The audience was addressed by William L. Marcy, Mr.
O'Brian and Mr. Moot. The committee having immediate charge of the arrangements for the
meeting were Frank H. Callan, John K. Walker, George S. Buck (who later succeeded Mayor
Fuhrmann as head of the city), Joseph Morey and Evan P. Hollister. The speeches of the
evening accurately voiced the sentiments of the crowded hall, for the girders rang with enthusi-
astic cheering of the throng, under the splendidly patriotic reasoning, and resonant oratory of
the variujs speakers.
Mayor Louis P. Fuhrmann was greeted with a burst of cheers as he arose to speak. He was
interrupted again and again by cheers and applause as he made the following declaration:
This mass meeting of the citizens of Buffalo is called for the purpose of upholding President Wilson, the official
head of the United States, in his efforts to maintain the honor of our country.
Among a free people public measures and policies are always debatable, but once a state of war exists there is just
one thing, and only one thing for all of us to do, and that is to steadfastly stand by the Government and the Presi-
dent. When the American flag goes up, all other flags must come down. That is the doctrine of Lexington and
Concord, of Lake Erie and New Orleans, of Palo Alto and Buena Vista, of Antietam and Gettysburg, of Santiago
and Manila Bay.
As the American people upheld their former war presidents — Madison, Polk, Lincoln, McKinley — so, from this
time on, President Wilson must have the ungrudging and continued support of the hundred million who enjoy the
blessings of liberty and equality under the Stars and Stripes. Regardless of racial antecedents, there is and must
be only one kind of Americans in America, and that is Americans who are with the President and the Government
to the uttermost; Americans who are willing to make every sacrifice of life and treasure necessary in the common
effort to uphold the integrity of our country.
Buffalo, the home of Millard Fillmore and of Grover Cleveland, is a loyal, patriotic city. Each and every one of
our half million people has a genuine love for our great republic. All that we have and all that we are we owe to its
institutions. Our fathers came from over the seas to establish a free government for all. I know I speak the sober
truth when I say that the spirit of the fathers lives forever in their sons. We are of the same breed as they and we
will prove ourselves just as loyal and just as unconquerable.
John Lord O'Brian, the next speaker, paid a high tribute to the Germans who came to the
United States to escape the military oppression that was felt in their land in 1848. He described
the public service of these German-Americans and their sons in the years that have followed,
becoming leaders in the business, professional and political life of this and many other commu-
nities. Mr. O'Brian then i-ecalled the work of the United States for humanity in the Spanish-
American war, the Boxer rebellion and in opening the doors of Japan to civilization.
George H. Kennedy delivered the principal address. It was earnest and forceful. At times
he was forced to stop and wipe the perspiration from his forehead, for he was just recovering from
an illness and was not a well man. His speech, however, was a masterpiece of logic and elo-
quence. In part he said:
' 'At the opening of the Civil War the Sixth Massachusetts Regiment marched down Broadway in New York City.
A spectator stepped from the sidewalk and accosted one of the soldiers, enquiring from what place they came. With-
out breaking step to the martial music of his regimental band, he replied, 'From Bunker Hill, from Bunker Hill.'
60 Buffalo's Part in the World War
And the thought which should go out from this great meeting to-night is the fact that we are moved by the same
impulse that fired the shot at Concord Bridge, heard round the world.
"If our forefathers were justified in 1775 in resisting the encroachment of the British crown, we are more than
justified in repelling with force of arms the barbarous conduct of the German government. I can well imagine that
'taxation without representation' in some period of the world's history might have been a legitimate subject for
debate. But nowhere in the recorded history of civilization will you find the justification of the murder on the high
seas of innocent women and children until the Prussian war party assumed control of the German Empire.
"Whatever may be the consequences to us of our entering this war, it surely was not of our making. It was forced
upon us. During the past two years we have suffered with a patience rarely exhibited by any first-class power in the
history of the human race. Indignity after indignity has been heaped upon us until the measure was overflowing.
"We have sacrificed everything except honor itself to avoid this conflict. And the nation that submits to the dic-
tation of another power as to how, when and where it shall ferry its boats across the high seas, has reached that period
of decline that precedes disaster, dismemberment and decay.
"The finest thing about this conflict, the thing that will stand out to our greatest credit and be best remembered,
that will surpass the glory of all our victories, is the high plane upon which our cause of battle is placed. We are not
fighting for power, we are not battling for a place in the sun. (Applause.)
"We covet no nation's territory, we want no people's money. But the right of our people to sail the high seas in
our own boats, manned by our own seamen, guarded by our own flag, has never been surrendered to any power since
John Paul Jones and Jack Barry fought their way to imperishable victory, and, pray God, it never will.
"When this country had but three millions of people, with no army and with no navy, inspired by the words of
Patrick Henry and Samuel Adams, it threw down the gage of battle to the acknowledged 'mistress of the seas.' When
it has grown to more than one hundred millions of people, shall we allow a power hemmed in on all sides by her ene-
mies to drive us ruthlessly from the seas?
"We are all for President Wilson now. (Applause.) We are no longer party men seeking to control the political
fortunes of our government. In this day of conflict there are no Democrats; there are no Republicans; there are no
Irish; there are no Germans; there are no Canadians; there are no foreign born, and in real service to our country
there is no distinction in race or creed. We are all Americans with but one purpose in view — to maintain the power,
the prestige and the honor of this republic." (Applause.)
Adelbert Moot followed Mr. Kennedy as the final speaker of the evening. Mr. Moot said :
"I am a peace man, never more so than to-night, and yet I'm heart and soul with President Wilson for war. I never
was with him before, but I'm with him now because he speaks for my country, truly and well.
"More than 140 years ago we set up a new government — and made it go— with the help of France. And in making
it go we taught our mother country something about treatment of colonies, so that now England's territorial pos-
sessions are pouring their wealth, resources and men gladly to the aid of the Allies.
"Liberty-loving France now calls for our aid. Have we any cause for going to war? Should a peace man ever
fight? In the Civil War there were more Quaker soldiers in proportion to the members of their sect than any other
denomination. They weren't Quakers then, they were soldiers, and they did their duty.
"To-day we have no more loyal citizens than those who have German blood in their veins. I have, and am proud
of it. This is not a war on the German people. It is a war between autocracy and democracy. The whole question
is; 'Is the brotherhood of man going to dominate the world or not?"
"I'm a peace man, but I'm for war, because if Germany wins this war we'll have no peace. The only way to have
peace is for us to aid in the fight against autocracy until the people get so tired of it they are ready to tumble it into
the sea.
"We could make peace with the German people in twenty minutes. We couldn't make peace with Prussian
autocracy in twenty years. If the struggle ends right, great armies and navies will be unnecessary and we can begin
to think about the better things of democracy." (Applause.)
At the height of the enthusiasm Mayor Fuhrmann read a letter sent by President George Rand
of the Alarine National Bank to President Wilson offering to raise a volunteer regiment.
Hon. W(X)L)Row Wilson, Buffalo. N. Y.. April 3d, 1917.
Executive Mansion. Washington, D. C.
Dear Sir:
The undersigned, recognizing the grave crisis now confronting our country in its threatened conflict with the German empire, and endorsing
your magnificent stand and determination in upholding the dignity and rights o! American citizens at home and on the high seas, and being desir-
ous of doing everything within my power to assist you and our country at this time, it gives me great pleasure to offer my services in recruiting
an entire regiment of 1.000 men in this city, for home or overseas service, the expense of recruiting and equipment of whom I will defray personally,
requesting only from the Government the supplying of two or three officials, preferably from the West Point Military Academy, to co-operate in
the formation and drilling of such regiment.
While I myself am without military knowledge and training, yet I should expect to devote my time to acquiring such knowledge and training
as are necessary for service with said regiment.
Trusting that it may be my privilege to have you accept my services in thus responding to our country's need at this time, I beg you to believe
me, sir, your obedient servant.
George Rand.
Buffalo's Part in the World War
61
a» •
Lillian Russell Aids Marine Recruiting
Noted actress on the platform at Lafayette Square urges enlistments in the Marine Corps
While the offer aroused the meeting and the community it was not accepted by the Govern-
ment, however, because of a determination to end the volunteer system, if possible, and enlarge
the army in ways which would not disturb industrial conditions.
The meeting lasted until well into the night: crowds came and departed, and other crowds
succeeded to their places. In Washington the House of Representatives was battling through
the night in a determined stand to force a vote on the war resolution before adjourning. In the
early hours of the morning of April 6th, while the throng was still lingering about Elmwood Music
Hall, word came that war would be declared before morning and the prize to be fought for would
be liberty and independence for mankind everywhere. The cry had already gone up: "The
World Must Be Made Safe for Democracy." Early that morning the House, by an overwhelming
majority, adopted the joint resolution already accepted by the Senate:
"Whereas, the Imperial German Government has committed repeated acts of war against the Government and
the people of the United States of America: therefore be it
"Resolred by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled,
That the state of war between the United States and the Imperial German Government which has thus been thrust
upon the United States is hereby formally declared; and that the President be, and he is hereby authorized and di-
rected to employ the entire naval and military forces of the United States and the resources of the Government to
carry on war against the Imperial German Government; and to bring the conflict to a successful termination all
the resources of the country are hereby pledged by the Congress of the United States."
At last the Nation was on its way to war and Buffalo was in step.
62 Buffalo's Part in the World War
CHAPTER XVI
NAVAL MILITIA OFF TO WAR — SOLDIERS GUARD WATER FRONT
EVENTFUL were the days immediately following the declaration of war, but not extraordi-
narily exciting. The first real touch of interest came with the news that members of the
Naval Militia stationed here had departed for the seaboard. The young mariners who
formed the State Guard of Naval Militia had been mustered into the Federal service prior to the
presentation of the war message to Congress. Early on the evening of April 7th, they left the
armory of the 74th Regiment in Niagara Street and marched to the Lehigh station where they
boarded a train for Philadelphia.* So quickly was it done, and so quietly, that very few people
knew of the Naval Militia's journey until they were well on their way to the deck of some Ameri-
can ship. The departure of that unit brought color to the cheeks of the Buffalo boys. And
while not all cheeks glowed with the red blood of courage, most of them did. Some Buffalo boys,
at least, had gone to war; othei-s who felt eager to take part in the struggle immediately applied
for enlistment at the regimental headquarters. A small stream of young men had constantly
flowed into the Canadian Army or into foreign ambulance service. That stream was now di-
verted into the recruiting stations here.
Two battalions of the 74th assembled on the 7th of April at the armory to prepare for patrol
duty in guarding railroad bridges and other important points along the arteries of commerce.
The first battalion, under the command of Major William R. Pooley, later Lieutenant Colonel
of the regiment, was ordered to remain at the armory. That battalion included companies A,
B, C, and D, Headquarters Company, the Supply Company and the Machine Gun Company,
recently organized. (Sergeant Christopher Reddan, who really led the machine gun company
through the foreign campaign, being cited for bravery, fell down stairs a few days after his return
to Buffalo and was killed.) Company K of Tonawanda and Company E of Jamestown had
already taken up patrol posts in difi'erent parts of the State. An urgent call to guard the electric
plants at the Falls had been made, and by reason of the tremendous volume of power generated
at that point extra precaution was immediately taken. Federal and municipal authorities knew
that German propagandists were active, and a natural uneasiness as to the real extent of dis-
affection and disloyalty was felt here. Many officials. Mayor Fuhrmann among them, expressed
a disbelief that any disloyalty lurked in Buffalo, but they proceeded nevertheless on the theory
that it is better to be safe than sorry, and acted accordingly.
Commissioner Arthur W. Kreinheder at the head of the important city department of Public
Works sent a communicationt to the Council on April 6th, the day war was declared, urging action
looking to a further protection of the Water Works.
Business interests of the city began to exhibit apprehension and on April r2th Mayor Fuhrmann
asked Governor Whitman for State troops to guard local elevators. He had forgotten that the
troops were no longer under the control of the State, but was reminded of that fact in a telegram |
from Adjutant General Stotesbury on April 13th.
♦There was little excitement last night at 8 o'clock in the Exchange street station as Buffalo's two divisions of the naval militia boarded a special
train for Philadelphia from which point they will be sent to a port on the Atlantic where they will be assigned to one of Uncle Sam's warships
for active service. No information was available as to where they are going, but it is known that they will be on warships within 24 hours after
they reach their destination.
Their departure was sudden. It was known for two days that they were going to leave, but the day for departure was generally thought to
be Tuesday. Preparations had been completed swiftly and the militiamen were somewhat surprised when an order came from Washington late
yesterday afternoon ordering them to leave in the evening.
Their special train arrived in Philadelphia at 6 o'clock this morning.
Soon after the order came Lieutenant Frank Maytham and Lieutenant Commander Arthur E. Brock had the men ready and all their equip-
ment was sent on its way.
The men were barely able to inform their parents and their relatives that they were about to leave. As the boys marched out of the Connecti-
cut street armory they were given a great send-off by the members of the 74th Regiment and the hundreds of persons who were visiting the armory
and the wives and sweethearts and friends of the militiamen.
As the boys, most of whom are young, marched through the street small crowds gathered, for they were attracted by the tunes that were played
by the militiamen's fife and drum corps. The march continued in Niagara street to Main street to Exchange street.
This was a new experience for the naval militiamen. They did not go to the border when the infantrymen went, but their call this time is
different than the call that infantrymen received. The naval militiamen are going to war. — (Local newspaper)
1 1 See next page.
Buffalo's Part in the World War 63
Upon receipt of that telegram, the Mayor immediately despatched a telegram^/ to the Com-
mander at Governor's Island, again urging waterfront protection.
The police guard around the elevators was increased and the elevator owners co-operated by
the appointment of watchmen to assist the police in safeguarding these immense repositories of
valuable foodstuffs. Fires in the elevators at Erie and at other points throughout the country
added to the uneasiness here. It was not until near the close of April that the Mayor received
word * * from the Government offering assistance in guarding these properties. On April 25th a
letter from Adjutant General Wing at Governor's Island assured Buffalo officials that troops
would be furnished.
To THE Council— tDEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS
Gentlemen;
The unsettled condition of the times and the prevailing apprehension that through the efforts of public enemies or malicious and evil minded
persons damage and loss may occur to the property of the city, especially the water works, urges me to lay before you this communication for
your consideration.
To minimize danger a special guard of police is now being maintained day and night over the water works property, and further precautions
have been taken to thoroughly safeguard the very large investments of the city in this most important system. Upon consultation with many
business men, I find that when large values are jeopardized, as a further precautionary measure these values are insured against loss by any of the
causes mentioned.
I therefore submit for the consideration of the Council the proposition that explosion insurance be placed upon the water works, and that the
cost of such insurance, which will not be very great considering the protection afforded, be borne as a current expense by the bureau of water.
It is not necessary to recite the terrible consequences which destruction of any vital or serious portion of the water works system would bring
upon the people of the city of Buffalo. While we have the utmost confidence in the patriotism and loyalty of all our citizens, we believe that in
the interest of public safety this department should be empowered to take all the precautionary measures necessary.
1 am informed that other cities are protecting their public properties by insurance, and in view of the large values of our pumping station, I
recommend that this department be authorized to procure the necessary insurance at once on the best terms and conditions obtainable.
Respectfully submitted,
Arthur W. Kreinheder. Commissioner
(Copy of Telegram sent) JSTATE OF NEW YORK
The Adjutant General's Office
(26457) Albany
Hon. Louis P. Fuhrmann,
Mayor of Buffalo. Albany, N. Y., April 13th. 1917.
Buffalo, N. Y.
Reference your telegram all infantry National Guard organizations in western part of State are in Federal service. Have referred your tele-
gram to the Commanding General Eastern Department and requested him to wire this office whether National Guard units in Federal service will
be placed on duty for protection of elevator and milfing district of Buffalo. Suggest you wire Commanding General Eastern Department, Gov-
ernor's Island, for adequate guard from troops in Federal service.
Louis W. Stotesbury,
The Adjutant General.
SPosTAL Telegraph — Commercial Cables
TELEGRAM
Buffalo, N. Y., April 14. 1917.
To THE General Commanding Department of the East, U. S. Army,
Governor's Island, New York Harbor
Grain elevators at Buffalo, with a storage capacity of twenty-five million bushels of grain; flour and cereal mills with a daily output about
twenty-five thousand barrels flour, and corresponding quantity of feed, feel that their property is in jeopardy unless given immediate military pro-
tection. Two hundred million bushels of grain passed through this port last year, going very largely for export to the Allies. One hundred twenty-
five million of this was Canadian grain — principally wheat. There are thirty millions of wheat headed to Buffalo now. merely awaiting breaking
up of ice on lakes. I earnestly request that you detail at least a battalion of troops to protect these properties which are located almost entirely
in one district on the waterfront^a narrow strip a little over two miles long. I have asked the New York State authorities for such protection
and am informed that all State troops have been mustered into Federal service and that request should be addressed to you. Please act promptly.
Shippers and owners of grain and grain products passing through this port are greatly exercised over lack of protection.
L. P, Fuhrmann, Mayor.
**HEADQUARTERS EASTERN DEPARTMENT
Governor's Island. New York City
In reply refer to 370.21. Buffalo. N. Y. April 24th, 1917.
Hon. Louis P. Fuhrmann,
Mayor, Buffalo, N. Y.
Dear Sir:
Reference your telegram of April 14th, 1917. The Department Commander directs me to inform you that as soon as the 3rd New York In-
fantry is mustered into the Federal service, the Commanding Officer of the 74th New York Infantry at Buffalo has been directed to furnish such
troops as may be practicable to co-operate with your police force in the protection of the grain elevator district of Buffalo.
These troops are furnished with the idea of co-operating with the civil authorities in protecting these districts, and it will not be practicable
to furnish the necessary troops to entirely safeguard this district, but your local police should co-operate with these troops in keeping this portion
of the city properly policed. While it is desired to furnish all the protection practicable for such utilities, he is unable with the number of troops
available to protect all such places, and in furnishing such protection as he is able, he hopes that your department will co-operate in such manner
as to make the protection adequate.
Yours very truly,
J. A. Wing,
Adiuiani-General Adjutant.
64 Buffalo's Part in the World War
CHAPTER XVII
RUSH FOR MARRIAGE LICENSES CONGESTS
CITY CLERK'S OFFICE
T
HE recruiting campaign in April was confined largely if not wholly to enlistments in the
Regular Army and to filling the National Guard regiments to fighting strength. The fol-
lowing telegram explains the army purposes of the Government at that time:
WESTERN UNION TELEGRAM
Hon. Louis P. Fuhrmann, New York, N. Y., April 12, 1917.
Mayor, Buffalo, N. Y.:
Our telegram of April seventh, emphasized Navy's need. Understand Regular Army and National Guard to be filled if possible by Volunteers
but creation larger force dependent upon Congressional legislation. Venture to suggest you now urge Navy enlistment. Hope by action your
own city, and by telegrams to your Congressmen and Senators, you will emphasize danger relying upon volunteer system. Men needed in industry,
agriculture, and to look after families may wish to enlist. Men who should enlist may prefer to stay home. Chaos will result. Universal train-
ing service means every man will be assigned to duty for which best fitted. Service in factory or farm equally honorable with service with colors.
Under volunteer system there will be stigma upon those who stay at home. We hope for your support for universal service. Our Committee is
receiving strongest possible support from labor leader members. Suggest you include labor representatives on committees you may organize.
Alexander J. Hemphill,
CfiairmaUy Rerruith/g Committee of the Mayor's Committee on National Defense.
Recruiting was brisk for a while but not exceptionally so. Captain Hamlin opened a recruiting
station for the Third Artillery at Lafayette Square, and another at Shelton Square. Colonel
Kemp, also, caused stations to be set up about the city to bring in recruits for the 74th. Marines
and naval officers were likewise active in recruiting. Scenes around the monument at Lafayette
Square at times grew most interesting and spectacular. Women joined in the work. Earnest
appeals were made to those who congregated at that point to "join the colors." Captain Patrick
J. Keeler, a judge of the City Court, was among the most enthusiastic officers of the Third Artil-
lery in the effort to secure enlistments in his regiment. His speeches from the monument plat-
form were intensely patriotic and forceful. No two men could have possibly spent more time and
endeavor than did Captains Hamhn and Keeler in that recruiting campaign. Their labors were not
so fully rewarded, perhaps, as they had hoped, or as the effort deserved, but they did bring many
young men into khaki under the banner of the old 65th Regiment, then the Third Artillery.
On April 24th the Military Training Camp Association opened an office in the White Building
to receive applications for the officers' training camp at Madison Barracks. A number of guards-
men were permitted to join the officers' camps, and through that source Buffalo furnished many
officers to the Army. Later camps were established at Fort Niagara, and other points throughout
the country. Many men who secured commissions at Madison Barracks, were sent to the regu-
lars, and finally found their way into the First and Second Divisions in overseas service.
While it may be possible that all eyes were turned toward the military operations at that
moment, the rush of the young men of Buffalo was not wholly in the direction of the recruiting
stations. Many rushed to the City Clerk's office for marriage licenses, through which they
hoped to evade military service. The following article, appearing in the Buffalo Commercial on
the "Yellow Peril" was written by Frank Gilchriese, City Hall reporter, and father of Captain
Harry Gilchriese who gave valiant service throughout the war with the 106th Artillery in France.
"Slackers Enter Here"
"That was the sign that someone pasted over the doorway leading to the City Clerk's office and the marriage
license bureau yesterday. That sign didn't appear to have any effect on the rush. All records at Cupid's Bower
were smashed to smithereens by the onslaught of prospective brides and bridegrooms. The rush started immedi-
ately after the City Clerk's office was opened for business, and at noon it hadn't abated a jot. City Clerk Sweeney
had to detail practically all his employees to the job of making out licenses. There were fully fifty couples
lined up for marriage licenses all the time, and they kept coming until the wonder was where they all came
from.
"A careful scrutiny of the lapels of the coats of the bridegrooms failed to disclose more than one per cent of Ameri-
can colors — the colors that are being worn so profusely these days.
Buffalo's Part in the World War 65
"'Do these men have to swear to support the Constitution and the flag?' asked a bystander of one of the City
Clerk's men.
" ' Won't they have enough to do to support their wives? ' was the retort.
"Some of the couples that entered the hall noticed the big American flag that is suspended over the clerk's desk.
But most of the couples saw nothing in that flag to attract them. They simply followed the rush. The sight was
such an unusual one that city hall employees made a sort of Mecca of the City Clerk's office just to see the crowd.
"At noon an attempt was made to get a count of the couples that secured licenses during the forenoon, but the
rush and consequent confusion made this impossible. It was certain that more than 100 couples got licenses during
the forenoon and that more than half of the men were of military age — between 18 and 25.
"An officer of the Third Field Artillery called upon City Clerk Sweeney to ask if he could erect a recruiting station
in the City Clerk's office.
" 'By all means,' said Mr. Sweeney.
"The officer said he would send a recruiting corps to the office during the afternoon.
"'That might stop the rush,' said a tired-out employee."
The following report in the Courier indicates that the recruiting officers did not overlook the
opportunity to set up a recruiting station where the heroes (of matrimony) were the thickest:
"At noon a sergeant and three privates of the .3d Artillery opened a recruiting office in the marriage license bureau.
They were furnished with office room and other necessaries by City Clerk Sweeney. They posted the usual notices
and prepared to do business, but the sergeant said he had little expectation for success at this time.
"'Perhaps a few months from now some of these young fellows will be glad to join the army,' said a bystander."
The efforts of the military men quickly turned the tide, however, and the number appearing
for licenses gradually dwindled. The young women were the first to declare that they
would not run the battery of gibes from those gathered around the corridors leading to the
City Clerk's office, and a brighter and better and nobler color began to take the place of the
yellow shade in the cheeks of the young men. Many of those who felt the impulse to evade
service and who applied for licenses at that time were numbered later on with the boys who did
their "bit" to the limit, and made the Supreme Sacrifice under their country's flag in a foreign
land.
Buffalo's Part in the World War
67
CHAPTER XVIII
FLAG RAISING CEREMONIES AND PULPIT APPEALS
PRESIDENT Wilson's war message to Congress, the patriotic fervor of the Elmwood Music
Hall meeting, and the declaration of war itself served to set the blood of the people a-tingling
and fill the city with martial airs. The month of April found bankers and merchants fling-
ing the flag to the breeze. The practice quickly spread to the householders, if it did not originate
there. Large industrial plants added something akin to a renewal of allegiance by surrounding
the flag raising events with ceremony and song. In many of the plants, workmen purchased
and raised the flags themselves. Commissioners Malone and Kreinheder, Mayor Fuhrmann and
other city officials were much in demand as speakers at flag raising ceremonies. Though the
practice began in April it lasted through the entire year and at times the number was so large it
seemed as though the city would burst out in one great American flag with the entire population
cheering. The daily papers were filled with accounts of these jubilees.
The first flags raised with ceremony were at the Pierce-Arrow plant in Elmwood Avenue, and
at the Niagara Street branch of the Curtiss plant. Peter A. Porter, a former member of Congress,
and Colonel Charles Clifton were the speakers at the first named ceremonial, while Mayor Fuhr-
mann delivered an address of patriotic character at the Curtiss plant. The following day, "Old
Glory" was unfolded at the New York Central stockyards in East Bufi'alo, with Alfred D. Sears
as master of ceremonies and Edward L. Jung as the speaker. A squad of fifteen members of the
74th Regiment participated in the observances and fired a salute to the flag. Then the Post-
office employees raised an immense banner, the speakers being Robert Eichel, superintendent
of mails; David 0. Trainer, head of the Clerks' Association, and Thomas F. Kennedy, president
Hon. Charles M. Heald Addressing Crowd at Patriotic Meeting
68 Buffalo's Part in the World War
of the Letter Carriers' Association. On that occasion Postmaster George J. Meyer announced
that he would give his entire salary of $6,000 a year to war relief funds. Captain Patrick J.
Keeler and Lieutenant D. P. Wickersham, naval recruiting officer, were the speakers at Lafayette
Square when the boys of the recruiting station had a "flag raising" early in April. Fully 1,000
men massed themselves at the Cyphers Incubator plant in Dewey Avenue for a similar purpose.
The men poured in from the adjoining plants. The gathering was probably the largest at any
flag raising ceremony held during the month of April. Arthur W. Kreinheder, Commissioner of
Public Works, was the speaker. In many of the churches patriotic sermons were delivered. On
Sunday following the declaration of war Rev. Robert J. MacAlpine of the Central Park Presby-
terian Church and the Rev. Thomas J. O'Hern, a Catholic missionary, were leaders in the pulpit
appeal to patriotism. On the following Saturday and Sunday war sermons were preached by
the Rev. Louis J. Kopald of Temple Beth Zion, Rev. Carl D. Case of the Delaware Avenue Baptist
Church, Rev. Richard Wilson Boynton of the First Unitarian Church, Rev. John T. Cowan of
the Prospect Avenue Baptist Church, Rev. William J. Kirwin, 0. M. I. of Holy Angels Church,
Rev. William S. Mitchell of Plymouth Methodist Episcopal, Rev. Thomas J. Walsh, later Bishop
of Trenton, X. .J., then rector of St. Joseph's Old Cathedral, Rev. L. 0. Williams, First Univer-
salist Church of the Messiah, and Rev. George F. Williams of St. Mary's on the Hill, who later
became Captain Williams of the United States Army — a chaplain.
Men were naturally turning to the armories, to the recruiting stations and to Congress for
information as to the next step. War had been declared, yet no one understood definitely how
we were to make war. Food was necessary; that was apparent. Ships had to be built; that,
also, we realized to be an essential duty of the nation. The Navy could use men, mariners would
be required in manning the ships to carry supplies and ammunition. It appeared to be conceded
we would, in compliance with our military and naval duty, simply fill up the local regiments and
aid in Navy enlistments.
Discussion grew at Washington as to whether or not we would send an army overseas, and the
arrival of envoys from England and France to discuss the form our aid should take, soon made
it certain that men would be needed for war service on foreign soil. The man-power of both
France and England had been materially weakened, and the morale of their troops was none too
high.
Offers to raise volunteer regiments poured in to Washington. President Wilson and other
officials at the head of the War Department were strongly set against the volunteer system, and,
at an early date in April, caused a bill providing for selective enrollment to be introduced in both
houses of Congress. The measure was discussed at length in the House Military Committee,
and, on April 18th, the committee, by a vote of twelve to eight, decided to have the army bill
carry a provision committing the Government to an attempt to raise the new force by volunteers
before taking other steps. At the same time the Senate Committee, by a vote of ten to seven,
decided in favor of conscription. The action of the House was virtually a declaration for the
volunteer system to raise 500,000 men, the number it was generally believed would be needed.
The provision which the House Committee agreed upon was as follows:
■'That the President be and he is hereby authorized to call for 500,000 volunteers under and in accordance with
the act of Congress approved April 25, 1914 (the army reorganization act) * * * That in the event it becomes neces-
sary to raise an additional force of 500,000 men * * the President be, and he is hereby authorized to call such addi-
tional force by volunteers in the same manner, such volunteer army shall be apportioned among the various States
and Territories and the District of Columbia, according to population, raised in regiments' units or parts thereof * * *
Provided that such volunteer forces shall be recruited in local units as far as practicable and company officers may
be appointed from such units upon passing such reasonable and practical e.xaminations as to fitness as the President
may direct.
"And provided further, that upon the completion of the enrollment as provided in this act and in the event the
President decides that such additional force or forces cannot be effectually raised and maintained under the call for
volunteers as herein provided, the President be and he is hereby authorized to raise and organize the same by the
selective draft as herein provided."
Buffalo's Part in the World War 69
The foregoing resolution voiced the trend of thought of a great many people. The volunteer
system was looked upon as the more manly and patriotic way to go to war, while the draft was
viewed in many quarters as a somewhat degrading system of raising an army. It was stated
that riots and disorder would follow any attempt to draft men. Washington reports, while indi-
cating that men were needed on the farms and in the industries more than in the military branch,
still continued to carry assurance that eventually whatever military service would be required
of the young men would be determined by a selective draft system. In Buffalo people generally
felt assured that our part in the struggle would be confined wholly to sending supplies. In fact,
the utterances of all authorities tended to confirm that opinion. The Buffalo Commercial in that
day was a conservative newspaper. Politically it was opposed to the President but it strongly
advocated support of the President's war policy and the adoption of the selective service system.*
The other Buffalo newspapers were likewise earnestly behind the President, but not all were
entirely convinced that the volunteer method should be discarded.
Comment on the editorial pages of the papers even at that late day in April shows how little
the people then thought of our actual participation with an armed force on foreign soil. They
did not realize that their government was quietly shaping the machinery at that moment to raise
the army which in one year and a half from that date would halt and then destroy the German
military machine.
♦"As the days pass since war was declared against Germany the part that the United States is to play in the great world struggle for supremacy
becomes more clearly and definitely pronounced. We now realize that America's duty is not primarily to send men to the fighting line either on
sea or land, but in supplying the nations already in the fight with the things they stand in need of. It is not for us to carry the gun but to work
behind the gunners. We are to be connected with the quartermaster's department. It is an humble part and one that will not bring great mili-
tary glory, but it is just as essential to the winning of this war as the work General Haig's forces are doing to-day on the blood-soaked slopes of
Vimy Ridge.
"When war was threatened between Germany and our country the German newspapers ridiculed the idea of the United States contributmg
in any way to the cause of the Allies more than it was already doing. They declared that Americans had already done all they could do to help
the Entente by sending them ammunition and other supplies. Little did they count upon the e.xpansive resources of this nation. Little did they
dream that what we had done for gold was but a moiety of what we could and would do under the stimulus of patriotism; that the streams of
supplies which have been flowing into Great Britain. France, Russia and Italy are rivulets indeed when compared to the great torrents that will be
poured into the lap of the Allies when the industrial forces of the nation are once fairly mobilized and 100,000,000 men, women and children, more
or less, have found their places and have begun to 'do their bit.'
"The United States is to be the great supply depot of the allied powers. It will be at once the granary of the Entente armies and the civilian
populations behind them, the arsenal of the troops fighting in the cause of democracy and the great shipyard of the world, building vessels in such
immense quantities that Germany with all the destructive power of her submarines cannot sink them as fast as they will be turned out. Food,
munitions, clothing and footwearfor soldiers and non-combatants will soon pour into the commercial marts of the Allies in such increasing quan-
tities as to blast forever the hopes of the Central empires bringing the war to an end through the exhaustion of their enemies.
"This is the theme of the President's address to the country published in the newspapers to-day: We must take the place of the men who have
gone to the front and raise or make things that they are unable to produce or manufacture by reason of a shortage of men, material and machinery."
— Buffalo ComincTcial, .\pril 16, 1917.
70
Buffalo's Part in the World War
CHAPTER XIX
UNCLE SAM'S PLAN TO RAISE A NATIONAL ARMY
ON Saturday, April 28th, 1917, Mayor Fuhrmann received notice through official channels
of the form BufTalo's essential military participation in the World War then raging in
Europe would take. The notice amved fully three weeks prior to the date on which Con-
gress passed the act which subsequently became known as the Selective Service Law. It con-
veyed information to the head of the city government that the Federal authorities had deter-
mined to raise a National army from the youths of the country by the selective service
system.
^'resident and Mrs. Wilson visit Buflfaln
First Lady of the Land alighting from automobile on occasion of President's visit to Buffalo for the big labor conference
Mayor Fuhrmann had followed closely the affairs at Washington and at the capitals of the
belligerent nations of Europe and he was closer to a complete realization of the nearness of war
to Buffalo homes than most of the war students of Buffalo at that time. But the message he
received that evening came to him as a real awakening. It did, also, to the others who read it.
Like almost everyone else he had pictured in his mind's eye the National Guard called to war;
he had pictured a call for volunteers, and, then, if more men were needed for America's part —
a draft. Up to that hour, however, the Federal Government's plan of procedure had not been
announced to anyone in Buffalo, and the President and his advisers were at that moment deeply
concerned over the wisdom of their course and waited with apprehension, groundless as it happily
proved to be, the reception of the plan by the people.
The communication announcing the draft was forwarded to Mayor Fuhrmann by Brigadier
General Louis W. Stotesbury, Adjutant General of the State of New York, and was marked,
Buffalo's Part in the World War 71
** Personal and Confidential/' A messenger from the Mayor's office carried it to the Mayor at
Police Headquarters, where he had called for a conference with Chief Martin.
At that time, and for some weeks prior thereto, the police authorities were conducting an ex-
tensive investigation, in a secret way, to determine the extent of pro-German propaganda dif-
fused here, and to detect any conspiracies which might be afoot for the destruction of industries
or storage plants or the like. Explosions and fires, in which great quantities of war material and
foodstuffs had been destroyed, had been reported from various sections of the country, and the
Mayor and Chief of Police were extremely anxious to avoid a disaster of that sort in Buffalo.
Police Headquarters was then on a small rectangular plot of ground at the intersection of
Seneca, Franklin and Erie Streets, and the Upper Terrace. It faced Franklin Street, but its rear
windows abutted on the New York Central's Belt Line tracks, and volumes of dense black smoke
enclouded — almost engulfed— the building at regular intervals during the day and night while the
ponderous engines rocked and shook the old structure as they climbed up the grade to the Terrace
Station. The day of the electrification of railroad lines within the city limits had long been prom-
ised but had not yet arrived. Within the walls of that old building Buffalo officially entered the war.
Upon the arrival of the City Clerk at the Chief's office in answer to a telephone call, the Mayor
handed him a letter,* the one he had just received from Albany, beingacondensedoutlineof thedraft
in conformity with a letter sent to the Governors of all the States of the Union on April 23, 1917.
The plan of registration as outlined in that letter found no deviation in its execution, and though
thousands of men were engaged in the task and 70,000 registrations were effected in this County,
the machinery was never for a moment retarded, nor stopped, until the task was completed.
*STATE OF NEW YORK
Confidential and Personal The Adjutant General's Office
From; The Adjutant General Albany April 26th, 1917.
To: Mayor L. P. Fuhrmann. Buffalo. N. Y.
Subject: Registration of Persons for Federal Draft.
1. The Governor has received information through the Secretary of War, that the Act now pending in Congress providing for the raising of
additional Army troops, is assured of passage this week and will have the immediate approval of the President.
2. The Act provides for the raising of the Army by selective draft, and as the basis for such action the President proposes, immediately upon
the approval of the Act, to issue a Proclamation requiring all persons of the designated classes or ages, to present themselves for registration
on a certain day, at the customary polling places in their voting precincts or districts.
3. The War Department has called upon the Governor of each State to become responsible for such registration within the State, and has
directed that registration boards be constituted in each county, consisting of the Sheriff, County Clerk and the county physician or health officer
and that similar boards be constituted in cities of over 30.000 inhabitants, consisting of the Mayor, the City Clerk and the City Health Officer
or head of the local health department. That this board, in cities, shall be known as the City Board of Control, and will act as a supervisory
board for the entire city. Boards similar to the County Board should be constituted for one or more wards, to supervise the registration in indi-
cated precincts and to further execute the law, and the various ward boards should function under the central City Board of Control.
4. You. as Mayor, will be the executive officer of the Registration Board of the city. The City Clerk will be the custodian of its records.
The medical officer on each ward board would later pass upon the physical fitness of those selected for service.
5. The election district will be the unit of registration. There must be provided in each election district a registration depot, and for each
depot there would be appointed by the ward board or by your board, as you may determine, at least one registrar and a sufficient number of clerks
to take care of the registration within the district.
6. The important duty of making the selection from the drafted class would be made in the city by the Ward Board, and should be consti-
tuted of citizens who can be relied upon to exercise this solemn function with even justice and with appreciation of its gravity.
7. It is left to you, as Mayor of the city, to appoint the Ward Boards. The Governor will appoint the County Boards and the general Super-
vising Boards of the city. You as executive officer of the City Board will appoint and designate the Ward Boards, either a special Board for each
ward or one Board to cover several wards. There should be a physician on each Board.
8. According to the information received from the Secretary of War, the Proclamation will call for the registration, on a certain day within
ten days of the date of the Proclamation, and all of the men of the designated classes will be required to appear at the registration depots on that
day, and all the work of the registration is to be accomplished on that day. You will readily appreciate, therefore, the necessity of having all
the machinery prepared in advance, and for that reason we are giving you this information even before the Proclamation is issued, so that you can
immediately, informally organize the Board.
9. Immediate steps should be taken to secure the polling places in each district as registration depots. At least one registrar should be
appointed for each registration depot, and a sufficient number of clerks. Every preliminary arrangement should be made to take official action
immediately upon the receipt of notice or publication of the President's Proclamation.
10. The War Department is to provide the forms and instructions for the registration, which will be sent direct from Washington to you as
executive head of the Board, for distribution within your city. Further information will be sent to you as soon as it is received from Washington.
11. Undoubtedly, a question which will require prompt solution is that of the expense of carrying out this governmental undertaking. The
Act referred to gives the President full power to call upon State and Federal officials to perform such duties as the President may direct. How-
ever, in communicating the plan to the Governor, the Secretary of War stated:
"It would be gratifying also to think that the services required of members of these boards would be offered without hope of
compensation, but it is borne in mind that the duties imposed upon them will be exacting, difficult, and frequently distressing.
If compensation is necessary, the Government stands ready to make it. Where any service in connection herewith is rendered
gratuitously the Government will be prompt to express its appreciation."
12. While this refers to the service of the Board, it is not clear that it was intended to include the services of registrars and clerks. If it is
possible for you to obtain volunteers for such purpose, that would seem to be the intention of the Secretary. Otherwise, if there is to be expense,
either for service or for hire of suitable quarters, you must immediately prepare a budget and wire in the expense, so that it can be submitted to
the War Department for approval, but we urge you most earnestly to let no consideration of that sort delay or prevent prompt and complete
action as indicated, for the Governor has given his assurance that the State of New York will, to the fullest extent, co-operate in this undertaking,
and that every officer, state, county or municipal, as well as each citizen, will do his or her part in the work.
13. In view of the confidential character of the communication from the Secretary of War, the action taken must be, as far as possible, with-
out publicity, but it is understood, of course, that the official nature of the request must be communicated to your associates and those who are
to be persuaded to do the work; but your action must, to a certain extent, be preparatory and tentative until the Act itself is signed and the
Proclamation itself is actually issued.
14. Please to at once acknowledge the receipt of this communication and give your assurance as to the necessary action.
Louis W. Stotesbury,
The Adjutant General.
72
Buffalo's Pakt in the World War
CHAPTER XX
LOUIS P. FUHRMANN, BUFFALO'S WAR MAYOR, 1914 TO 1917
IN the light of subsequent events the notice and information that letter contained grew dim and
uninteresting. Time quickly swallowed it up. To the little group in that police office, how-
ever, it was momentous. It carried a stern message of impending sacrifice. Buffalo
was unconscious of war's presence. No part of the United States was different. Here and there
throughout the city scattered contingents of citizens had for months, as we know, solemnly urged
preparation for war, and their pleas fell on willing, but joyous, unconcerned and unimpressed
ears. To most Buffalonians the war was an inconceivable number of miles away. To those
who received the first order of preparation it was close at hand. Chief Martin, always military
in his carriage and austere in demeanor, seemed to suddenly grow more cold and erect as he read
that letter. Mayor Fuhrmann, jovial and even-tempered always, evidenced in his conversation
and manner how deeply the notice had impressed him.
"Well, it's here. Let's go to it," were the words he used in concluding the discussion, adding,
"Buffalo — this Nation — is in the war and we have some dark times ahead, but I presume it is the
only way to end that struggle over there."
It was determined that the City Clerk should map out a plan and quietly perfect an organiza-
tion to carry through the registration contemplated in the legislation then before Congress. The
Mayor expressed his intention to give all his time to the consideration of matters concerning
Buffalo's participation in the war — a determination to which he adhered unswervingly through-
out his term as a public official. And it must be recorded that he played no small part in assisting
the Federal Government in the co-ordination of the forces of the Nation, and in putting Buffalo
Mayor Fuhrmann at Station Saying Good-By to Artillerymen
Buffalo's Pakt in the World War 73
patriotically to the front. Some cities hesitated in their war work. Some Mayors faltered and
failed. Buffalo unfurled the flag early and kept going stronger as the Nation's calls increased.
Mayor Fuhrmann was comparatively a young man at that time, scarcely more than 45 years
of age. He had then held the office of Mayor for upwards of six years, having emerged from two
bitterly contested campaigns to succeeding victories. The fierce nature of his political struggles
did not embitter him, however, and he always greeted folks everywhere in the same character-
istically good-natured, smiling, affable manner.
At an early age, Louis Fuhrmann wa.- a butcher boy, not such as carried steaks or roasts from
the shop to one's home, but as a worker in the abattoirs; later as a manager of the western branch
of the big Dold Packing Company, in Kansas City, and, finally, returning to Buffalo, he entered
into the business for himself. His education was obtained by hard knocks, and his only degrees
were those the College of the Wide World gives. But he was keen and fearless. He had courage!
Oh, he had courage! Too much, perhaps. Right or wrong he could, without fear or flinching,
face them all — newspapers, individuals, political organizations, social and business societies.
He was as loyal to his friends as a flower to its stalk; a strong believer in party, and yet forever
on the outs with his party organization; intensely partisan, yet constantly putting personal
friendships above party considerations. He came into politics as an alderman in the old Sixth
Ward — against his wishes — and with great diffidence, almost timidity, approached his duties
there. But in less than three years, he had grown to be a leader in the Council. Another whirl
of the political wheel found him, in 1909, his party's candidate for Mayor, to which office he was
then elected, and he was re-elected in 1913. When, in 1914, the war broke out he was serving the
first year of his second term, and, at that period was well versed in the affairs of government.
He had grown exceptionally popular with the people, a popularity which clung to him for the
greater part of his second period as Mayor, but which waned rapidly towards the end of his term.
His intense patriotism nevertheless never waned, and, indeed, earnest and sincere and effective
was the service he rendered in the solution of the innumerable problems which the war brought
to Buffalo. The high resolve he made in Chief Martin's office that April night to devote his
every effort to winning the war became in the following months a beacon of patriotic dedication
towai'd which he ever turned.
That in brief is a description of the then Mayor of Buffalo. It does not appear entirely ade-
quate, but it will convey an idea of the manner of man who held the reins of government at that
eventful period. He had his faults and weaknesses! He was not an ideal executive. Did any
city ever have one? He inherited nothing from Demosthenes, but was concise and forceful in
his remarks. Attractive in appearance, he was chock full of good humor and kindness. He was
a regular fellow, a man's man; prone to fight the reform forces in the community, and given over
to liberality in all things. He would quickly check lawlessness, but as quickly give leave to
the exercise of all those virtues and near-vices which, for the want of a more descriptive term,
might reasonably be assembled under the title of individual liberties. It is not of record that
he ever marched in a reform procession, and he fairly and justly earned the opposition of civic
leagues, city crusaders and such like organizations. If any one of a dozen men were picked at
random and asked to name Mayor Fuhrmann's chief characteristics, the immediate, unhesi-
tating reply would be "His cordiality and his courage." Both of those qualities were put to a
severe test in the war months of his term which followed.
74 Buffalo's Part in the World War
CHAPTER XXI
VOLUNTEER ARMY TO ADMINISTER SELECTIVE
SERVICE LAW
ON April 27th work was started in Buffalo on the rc<ristration plans, and that work was un-
ceasing and intensive until the plans were finally arranged and the registration consum-
mated. Primarily, the committee in charge found the need of an army of some 2,000
. volunteer registrars. They were recruited from the election officers and party committeemen
of the two major parties. General and district committeemen, inspectors of election and poll
clerks, without exception, volunteered their services for registration day without cost to the
Government or to the city. Many citizens in each election district, likewise, tendered themselves
gratuitously for the work. Governor Whitman, on May 10th, announced the appointment of
the members of the registration boards. Those officials, up to the time their designation was
officially declared, were observing the government request not to make the conscription plans
known. But a short time thereafter, when it became apparent a sufficient number of votes had
been pledged in Congress to secure the enactment of the selective service act, Washington author-
ities asked the registration boards to enlist the assistance of local newspapers in disseminating
information regarding the draft. In that work the newspapers rendered valuable assistance.
Return postal cards had been mailed to prospective registrars, and a substantial list of volunteers
for each of the 200 districts of the city and the 75 districts of the towns of the county outside of
Buffalo had been obtained before the selective service act finally passed both houses of Congress.
The measure received the President's signature on May 16th, the day of its passage in the House.
Excitement and jubilation everywhere followed. In churches and clubs, at flag ceremonies
and civic dinners, in speech and song and cheers, the spirit of an aroused patriotism made
itself felt.
In his proclamation the President called on all male citizens of the United States between the
ages of 21 and 31, except officers and enlisted men of the Army, Navy, and Marines and those
in the Regular Army reserve officers' corps and various other military and naval reserve organiza-
tions, to register in their home precincts on .June 5th. It was provided that the registration
booths should be open between the hours of 7 A. M. and 9 P. M. on that day. Provision was
made for the enrollment of those who were sick, and necessary steps were taken to register in-
mates of jails, penitentiaries and insane asylums; in fact, no male of the announced military age
was overlooked, no matter what might be the condition of his health or his social standing,
the width or the restriction of his liberty. The President further provided that those
who were absent from their home precincts on the fifth day of June might present them-
selves to the city or town clerk of any city or town and fill out a registration card, the card
to be forwarded to the city clerk or county clerk of the city or county in which the regis-
trant claimed permanent abode. These cards were to be forwarded at a time which would
provide for the receipt of the same at the registrant's home district prior to June 5th, and
the office of the City Clerk, by reason of those registrations, became a beehive of activity
for a ten-day period preceding.
Throughout that period the members of the registration boards in the city and county and their
clerical assistants worked day and night.
Henry J. Collins, a clerk in the Sheriff's office, served as clerk of the County Board.
An allotment of 50,000 registration cards was sent to Buffalo, and another of about 15,000 to
the County Board. The estimate of the statisticians in Washington placed the probable regis-
tration for Buffalo at 40,000. In addition, 10,000 cards were furnished for registrations prior to
June 5th. For the purpose of systematically reaching the registrars, the 2,000 volunteers in the
city were divided into groups within police precincts. In the County the Supervisors carried
Buffalo's Part in the World War 75
out the work of organization. Full instructions had been received by telegraph* as to the quali-
fications of the men to be chosen as registrars, and it had been determined to employ men at a
per diem rate if a sufficient number of suitable volunteers could not be obtained. In all the army
of 2,000 men in the city, and at least 500 in the towns, who finally performed the work no one
would accept financial recompense for his services.
Under a program arranged by the City Board of Registration the registrars were invited by
the Mayor to meet at the precinct station nearest their respective homes at a time indicated in
a letterf sent to each one by the Mayor. They were met at the appointed time and places by
deputies from the City Clerk's office, who became known as the flying squad. That squad was
made up of exceptionally efficient men, including James Mockler and John Riley, warrant clerks
in the City Clerk's Department; Thomas Lawley, member of the Erie County Board of Super-
visors; Frank Love, agent for a brick manufacturing concern, and Edward Ryan, a real estate
salesman. The vast amount of clerical work in preparing and issuing identification cards for the
registrars, securing their signatures to oath blanks, making the necessary record of their respec-
tive booth assignments and distributing printed pamphlets of instructions, was handled by that
squad. The members of the Registration Board, accompanied by Chief of Police Martin, fol-
lowed the clerical force from station house to station house. The oflficials arrived about the
time the clerks left. Thorough instruction was given to the prospective registrars by City Clerk
Sweeney, and Mayor Fuhrmann then administered the oath of office to the hundreds of men
present and impressed upon them in a short address,! the responsibility they were taking and their
obligation in the work they had so generously volunteered to perform. Two, and sometimes
three, stations were covered in a night, and the course was continued until every one of the 2,000
volunteers had received full information concerning a task which, naturally was new to everyone.
In the light of after events, recalling the remarkable record made by Buffalo — the first city
in the State to hand in its completed returns — the work of instruction and of organization, and
the co-operation obtained, made possible the words of praise which Governor Whitman and
others later bestowed upon Buffalo for its efficiency in the labors of registration.
'STATE OF NEW YORK
The Adjutant General's Office
Albany
From: The Adjutant General. May 14th, 1917.
To: Hon. Louis P. Fuhrmann, Buffalo, N. Y.
Subject; Registration of Persons for Federal Draft.
1. The attention of all local boards of registration is invited to the following extracts from the revised Regulations of the Bureau of the Pro-
vost Marshal General relative to registrars, a complete copy of which will be sent you as soon as available:
"Registrars must be competent clerks, whose handwriting is neat and legible.
"Registrars shall be selected with regard to their qualifications for the duties prescribed herein.
"Registrars should be residents of the precincts for which they are appointed, and they should be persons who have lived long enough in those
precincts to be well acquainted with the inhabitants thereof.
"Registrars must be citizens of the United States or persons (not alien enemies) who have declared their intention to become citizens of the
United States."
2. Certain sheriffs have also called attention to the difficulty in complying with the provisions of the regulations that the registration cards
must be delivered by the Chief Registrar to the Executive Officer of the Registration Board. This matter has been submitted to Washington
for the decision of the Provost Marshal General, by this office, and the ruling has been made that the regulations must be strictly followed.
(Signed) Louis W. Stotesbury,
Adjidaiil GeneTal.
tCITY OF BUFFALO
Mayor's Office
Louis P. Fuhrmann, Mayor Buffalo, May 21st, 1917.
My Dear Sir:
The Government requires that all those who are to serve as registrars in the various polling places of the city on June 5th in connection with
the Federal registration shall take an oath of office to support the Constitution of the United States and faithfully perform, on that day, such
duties as may fall to them.
I have set May 26th, 8.00 P. M., at No, 8 Police Station, Fillmore Avenue, as the time and place for administering this oath. No one can
serve his country in this registration work unless he has taken the oath of office. Knowing your willingness and desire to serve, I respectfully
urge that you be present on time at the PLACE ABOVE mentioned, when full instructions for the work will be given you.
I wish to thank you at this time for the generous spirit you have shown in volunteering your services for the taking of this registration. I am
advised by the President of the United States that he desires the names of all those who take the oath and perform the duties of registrar in order
that the government may express its appreciation of your service. And at a later date, in a formal and public way, as Mayor of the city, I hope
to convey to you a just estimate of the city's indebtedness to you, and give expression to my personal gratitude, for the services you are so gen-
erously and patriotically to render.
With assurances of my kindest personal regards, believe me Very cordially yours,
L. P. Fuhrmann, Maym.
JGentlemen:
In expressing to you for the City of Buffalo my appreciation of the patriotic spirit which inspires you to take this solemn obligation upon your-
selves may I say that in due course you will also receive an acknowledgment of commendation from the President of the United States for your
loyalty in performing this service to our country in this hour of great national need.
I have no word, and no man has, that can adequately portray the importance of the duty devolving upon you in gathering the names of the
oung men between the ages of 21 and 30 for the selective draft on the .5th of June. Certainly this responsible duty is far-reaching in its scope,
and upon its faithful and complete performance depends our military success subsequent to the draft.
76 Buffalo's Part in the World War
CHAPTER XXII
TONY MONANCO BY NAME: WATER BOY BY OCCUPATION
WHILE the organization for June 5tii was in progress, the actual work of registering thou-
sands of non-residents was going on night and day at the City Hall. Many extra clerks
were employed to meet the rush. It was all a new idea with workers and registrants alike.
And it was a good-natured throng which daily and nightly filled that office. The spacious room
often rang with hearty laughter over some of the answers given by registrants.
A diminutive Italian, Tony Monanco by name, water boy by occupation, presented himself at
the office early one morning.
A clerk at the desk, his eyes still clouded — their hours of rest were not long in those days — not
recognizing the young man as a possible registrant said :
"What can I do for you?"
"Ma name Tony Monanco. In dees countra seex months. Gimme da gun."
Had Tony descended from a passenger on the good ship Mayflower he could scarcely have
been more intensely American. He exemplified the spirit which was found in all classes, even
those who had not reached the initial point on the road to American citizenship.
Not all at first blush, however, were able to see their duty. An example of that class was
presented by a grocery boy who had driven to the City Hall in his employer's wagon. He had
answered all the questions until the clerk asked him if he desired to claim exemption from the
draft.
"What's that?" he queried.
" Is there any reason why you shouldn't go to war in case you are called by Uncle Sam?" said
the clerk.
"Who th' h — 1 would drive the horse?" was the somewhat apprehensive answer.
The clerk expressed the belief that the young man would probably have to ask the captain of
his company about that.
A photographer wrote to the City Clerk advising him that he would be busy with June weddings
on June 5th and that some other day would have to be set for the registration as he positively
could not appear on June 5th.
The conscientious objector usually claimed exemption by saying: "I am against legalized
murder in any form. If the United States wishes to carry on war, let it do so with men who
believe in fighting, I do not."
The task of registering the vast number who appeared in the days immediately preceding
June 5th was not an easy one, and, on several occasions, faithful clerks toppled over at their
desks from exhaustion. Those were wonderful days about the City Hall. Not only registrants,
but spectators, crowded the corridors of the big building, every one interested in the work that
was going on, all realizing that a strange reversal had come over America's dream of unending
peace and absolute aloofness from foreign affairs. It was a new atmosphere. The people in
the corridors seemed to have hopped right out of some book of ancient history when nations and
tribesmen, forgetting all else, concentrated their forces for war.
The even-tempered course we had followed for years had ended. Yesterday was gone forever.
As the registration work advanced it grew more systematic and was more efficiently handled.
On May 15th both the city and county boards reported to Albany they had completed all ari-ange-
ments. Their report was in the hands of the officials at Washington before the draft law was
passed in Congress. On May 18th the President issued the proclamation designating June 5th
as registi-ation day. Major Turgeon and his aides. Mayor Fuhrmann and the other members
of the Registration Board held frequent meetings, but, for the most part, the immense organiza-
tion formed for the registration task simply marked time until the coming of June 5th. School
Buffalo's Part in the World War
77
Scene at a Buffalo Playground
School children reflect in their exercises the predominant sentiment of the hour
teachers and school principals volunteered for service with the registration boards to assist wher-
ever they were needed. Rural mail carriers tendered their services to Chairman Stengel for work
in the towns and gave valuable aid in perfecting the town registration. Erie County, from
center to circumference plainly showed at that period its zeal and its fervor.
78
Buffalo's Part in the World War
CHAPTER XXIII
I AM AN AMERICAN
IN the days intervening between June 1st and 5th, churches, societies, clubs and like organiza-
tions sounded a patriotic call from pulpit and banquet board. Class, creed and color rapidly
lost distinction. In those days, from early morn until late we saw only, alone, above every-
thing else, a mass of stars, in a field of blue with flaming red and white stripes. Speakers of the
hour painted the picture of a thoroughly united America. An illuminating schoolhouse incident
of that June day tells the whole story :
At a meeting of the school children, one boy, a descendant of native Americans, spoke as
follows:
"I am an American. My father belongs to the Sons of the Revolution: my mother belongs to the Colonial Dames. One of my ancestors
pitched tea overboard in Boston Harbor: another stood his ground with Warren: another hungered with Washington at Valley Forge. My fore-
fathers were American in the making: they spoke in America's council halls: they died on her battlefields: they commanded her ships: they cleared
her forests. Dawns reddened and paled. Staunch hearts of mine beat fast at each new star in the Nation's flag. Keen eyes of mine foresaw
her greater glory: the sweep of her seas, the plenty of her plains, the man-hives in her billion-wired cities. Every drop of blood in me holds a her-
itage of patriotism. I am proud of my past. I am an American."
Then a foreign-born boy arose and said :
"I am an .'imerican. My father was an atom of dust: my mother was a straw in the wind to His Serene Majesty. One of my ancestors
died in the mines of Siberia: another was crippled for life by twenty blows of the knout: another was killed defending his home during the mas-
sacres. The history of my ancestors is a trail of blood to the palace gate of the Great White Czar. But then the dream came — the dream of
.America. In the light of Liberty's torch the atom of dust became a man and the straw in the wind became a woman for the first time. ' See,' said
my father, pointing to the flag that fluttered near, 'That flag of stars and stripes is yours: it is the emblem of the promised land. It means,
my son, the hope of humanity. Live for it, die for it'. Under the open sky of my new country I swore to do so: and every drop of blood in me
will keep that vow. I am proud of my future. I am an American."
Flag-raising fever ran riot in those days and every factory and shop, every railroad and
steamboat line, every club and church and society had its flag and its flag unfolding cere-
I Am All American
Buffalo's Part in the World War
79
Scene at Police Headquarters Registering Alien Enemies Under Supervision of Government Authorities
mony. In every Episcopalian church throughout the diocese of Western New York, a
prayer* was read on Sunday, June 3d, containing an appeal to the Almighty Ruler of men that
the youth of the Nation might clearly see its duty and unhesitatingly make the sacrifices it was
about to be called upon to make.
At the 25th annual reunion banquet of Buffalo Consistory, Scottish Rite Masons, held a few
days prior to registration day, Commander George K. Staples, as toastmaster, dispatched a tele-
gram to President Wilson, saying:
"Scottish Rite Masons of Buffalo Consistory in annual convention here assembled, pledge to their country, its
flag and its President their unswerving support and loyalty."
The toil of the preparedness workers was now bearing fruit. From store and shop and the
professions men and women, boys and girls, poured out, aglow with enthusiasm and the spirit of
sacrifice.
*"Almighty God, Who by thine indwelling Presence didst enable our fathers to conceive a nation founded in liberty, and didst give them
strength to toil and suffer and die that democracy might live, we thank Thee for the glorious example of their courage and steadfastness and for
the witness they bore to Thy Truth. And we pray Thee to grant to us their sons such a clearness of vision, such loyalty to Thee that we may
never be false to our heritage but may nurture it with our whole hearted toil and ungrudging sacrifice. We pray especially for the youth of our
country, that they may at this time especially recognize the privilege of serving the ideal, and with glad hearts and noble courage may offer
themselves in this hour of their nation's need. And to us all grant such a measure of Thy grace that giving ourselves and our substance without
stint, we in our generation may fulfill Thy will in the establishment of justice and brotherhool upon the earth forever. We ask it all in the
name of Him who died for thetruth, Thy Son Jesus Christ our Lord. Amen."
80 Buffalo's Part in the World War
CHAPTER XXIV
REGISTRATION DAY, JUNE 5th, 1917.
JUNE 5th, 1917, came and went, like all June 5ths prior thereto, but on that particu-
lar June 5th the Nation heard the heartbeat of patriotism as never before. From
the first blush of day until a tired organization, late at night, filed its final reports in the
City Clerk's office at the City Hall, the city's throng crowded about the registration booths;
one portion of the population to place their names on the list from whence Uncle Sam could call
them, the other portion to assist the first or applaud them in that effort. The thrill of the hour
found a response in the recruiting stations where many above and below the conscription age
put their signatures to enlistment blanks. The downtown section of the city was deserted in
the early hours of the day, but, as the afternoon grew on, groups of applauding enthusiasts could
be seen on Main, Niagara, Broadway and other prominent thoroughfares cheering the flag, the Presi-
dent and the boys who were then offering to their country their services, and their lives if need be.
General Crowder, in his report to the Secretary of War,* paid a tribute to the splendid organi-
zation formed throughout the Nation to carry out the registration plan, and Governor Whitman,
on a visit to Buffalo a few days after the registration, expressed his delight in the fact that Buffalo
had led all cities of the State and "probably of the Nation" in making a complete return on its
work. He complimented the citizens of Buffalo, the Mayor and his associates on their achievement.
Under the terms of the original proclamation, the city had been divided into sixteen districts
containing a population of approximately .30,000 each. These districts were made up of con-
tiguous wards and were known as the local exemption districts. It was contemplated to have
the Mayor name a district board of three members for each of these districts. The towns of the
County were divided into four districts of about 30,000 each, and the Sheriff had named a board
for each district. Suddenly that plan was altered, and the members of the exemption boards
were nominated by the political organizations. As a consequence the work of the Registration
Boards ended earlier than had been anticipated. Their duties were concluded by a telegram from
the Adjutant General on July 6th advising those having custody of the registration cards to turn
them over to the exemption boards. The telegram also cited the penalty for any failure in the
process of exchanging custodial care of the cards. Until the receipt of that telegram the vast
army of registration workers were unadvised of the fact that their services being faithfully ren-
dered had earned them freedom from penal prosecution. The Boards' light went out abruptly.
Mayor Fuhrmann issued a proclamation expressing the city's appreciation of the splendid ser-
vices the registration workers had so patriotically tendered.
Major Turgeon reported! for the Registration Guard thanking the men who had served under
him, expressing to the Mayor his appreciation of the honor conferred and entertaining the hope
that the work they performed had proved of service to the Nation.
*" It suffices here to say that on the morning of June 5th. a perfectly co-ordinated system which, by the patriotic and devoted co-operation of
the officials and citizens of the several States, had been created almost in a fortnight, stood ready to tlie tasl^. On the evening of that day, prac-
tically the entire male population of the United States between the ages of 21 and 30 had presented themselves for enrollment for service, and
within 48 hours the returns in the city of Washington were 90 per cent complete, A volume that would read as an epic of patriotic ingenuity
and endeavor could be devoted to the story of the registration in many of the States. Seemingly insurmountable difficulties were overcome.
The men of the Nation made their first response to the call of national need in a unison that removed all doubt of the solidarit.v and devotion of
our people. The event proved the President's forecast of it.
"June 5th is destined to become one of the most significant days in American history."
From report of E. H. Crowder, ProvosI Marshal General.
tHEADQUARTERS REGISTRATION GUARD
Room 12, City and County Hall
Newton E, Turoeon, Chief of Guard Buffalo, June 7th, 1917.
Hon. Louis P. Fuhrmann, Mayor
Buffalo, N. Y.
Sir:
I have the honor to report that in accordance with your instructions, as head of the Registration Board, there was formed, in this city, a
Registration Guard, consisting of:
</>ne Chief of Guard: 1 .\djutant and Chief of Aides; 8 Aides; 3 Inspectors; 6 Inspectors' Aides; 27 Ward Captains; 191 Lieutenants (one
for each Registration District); 7 Relay Teams of from six to ten men each from the Greater Buffalo Club and the Rotary Club of this city.
(Continued on next page)
Buffalo's Part in the World War 81
PERSONNEL OF REGISTRATION BOARDS
CITY OF BUFFALO
Louis P. Fuhrmann, Chairman
Daniel J. Sweeney, Secretary. Francis E. Fronczak, Medical Officer
COUNTY OF ERIE
Edward Stengel, Chairman
John H. Meahl, Secretary. Fred M. Boyle, Medical Officer
REGISTRATION GUARD
Chief of Guard — Newton E. Turgeon.
Chief of Aides and Adjutant — Ernest G. Hatch.
Aides — Cleveland H. Babcock, J. Remsen Bennett, Arthur L. Chambers, Albert J. Chestnut, Frank E. Lahey,
Albert A. Mason, F. A. G. Merrill, Ward H. McPherson.
Inspector, First Division — Captain Alexander R. Robertson.
Aides, First Division — Lieut. W. J. Piatt, Lieut. George E. Farthing.
Inspector, Second Division — Major G. Barrett Rich, Jr.
Aides, Second Division — Milton C. Guggenheimer, Alan Eraser.
Inspector, Third Division — Major R. H. Templeton.
Aides, Third Division — Capt. George F. Root, Lieut. Ray B. Kurtz.
WARD CAPTAINS
1st Ward— Capt. H.W. Nachbar, 6 Municipal Bldg.; 2d Ward— Capt. J. R. Horton, 1120 Prudential Bldg.; 3d Ward
—Capt. E. P. Bacon, 453 Ellicott Square; 4th Ward— Capt. H. P. Bosworth, 419 Chicago Street; 5th Ward—
Capt. J. Craig Roberts, 662 Ellicott Square; 6th Ward— Capt. W. C. R. Hazard, 310 German Insurance Bldg.;
7th Ward— Capt. F. C. Fornes, 534 Main Street; 8th Ward— Capt. W. M. Wilson, 35 Pearl Street; 9th Ward—
Capt. William Kusztelniak, 360 Bristol Street; 10th Ward — Capt. Andrew Kazmierczak, Woltz Avenue and
Stanislaus Street; 11th Ward— Capt. John W. Wargin, City Clerk's Office; 12th Ward— Capt. Henry R. Ford;
41 Eagle Street; 13th Ward— Capt. J. C. Arbogast, 366 Main Street; 14th Ward— Capt. G. A. Frisch, 443 Gene-
see Street; 15th Ward— Capt. S. C. Moss, 170 Franklin Street; 16th Ward— Capt. Joseph W. Becker, 21 South
Division Street; 17th Ward— Capt. Clarence MacGregor, 690 Ellicott Square; 18th Ward— Capt. J. M. Overfield,
Jr., 43 Boyd Street; 19th Ward— Capt. Frank Gibbons, 102 Erie County Bank Bldg.; 20th Ward— Capt. Frederick
H. Holtz, 211 White Bldg.; 21st Ward— Capt. W. W. McElroy, 19 W. Genesee Street; 22d Ward— Capt. Charles
R. Hurley, 501 People's Bank Bldg.; 23d Ward— Capt. Walter F. Hofheins, 1212 Prudential Bldg.; 24th Ward—
Capt. C. T. Doorty, 746 Seventh Street; 25th Ward- Capt. D. R. Nott, 497 Washington Street; 26th Ward—
Capt. William E. Otto, 202 Pearl Street; 27th Ward— Capt. H. C. Elwood, 800 Morgan Bldg.
An Automobile Service Department with 1 Chief of Automobile Service; 1 Assistant Chief of Automobile Service; 15 Aides; 257 Automobile
owners, and in addition 4 Special Service men and 1 Stenographer.
Accompanying this communication is a compilation showing the personnel of the Guard as above outlined; and in addition, in so far as I am
able to give it to you, a list of the names of the men who acted as Registrars in each of the various Districts and Wards of the entire city. This
latter compilation is as it came to me from the City Clerk.
It will be interesting to you, I am sure, to be advised that all of the above service was rendered voluntarily and without remuneration of any
kind or character.
In completing this tour of duty, I would feel that I had failed in one of the most important portions of my work, if I neglected to refer to the
wonderful (as it was nothing else) support and co-operation and the everywhere apparent spirit of loyalty and patriotism, which pervaded the
whole organization, and prompted every man connected with it.
To attempt to present to you separately the work of the various individuals, would be a task difficult of performance and would probably
weary you, but I feel so strongly with reference to the particular service rendered by Mr. Ernest G. Hatch. Adjutant and Chief of Aides: together
with'the twelve men under him, the work of Mr. Mason B. Hatch, Chief of Automobile Serx-ice, Mr. Edward W. Case, Assistant Chief of Auto-
mobile Service, and the fifteen aides working under them, and also that of Mr. John J. Sly, that I can not fail to at least mention them especially
here.
I feel it a further duty to call to your attention the fact that the New York Telephone Company and the Federal Telephone Company rendered
prompt and competent service throughout the day, the Federal Company even agreeing to frank the messages over their line.
I thank you for the honor conferred upon me in calling me into this service, and I am more than repaid if the work which has been done has
been of service to my country, and satisfactory to you as its representative.
Respectfully,
N. E. TVRGEON, Chief of Guard.
SKELETON MAP
SHOWING
SELECTIVE SERVICE
EXEMPTION DISTRICTS
IN
BUFFALO, N.Y.
SCALE OF FEET
1000 aooo 3000 4000 f.ooo eooo
THE M.-N, WORKS, BUFFALO
\ South Park \
3>-
Buffalo's Part in the World War 83
CHAPTER XXV
TWENTY EXEMPTION DISTRICTS FOR ERIE COUNTY
WHILE the Selective Service Bill was still pending in Congress, plans were made to put the
law in operation. It had been General Crowder's intention to utilize the registration
mechanism for the selection. Changes inserted in the bill, however, required consider-
able readjustment of the registration system. Under the original plan appointments were to
be made by the Governor on the recommendation of the Mayors of cities and the Sheriffs of
counties. The change in the law required the President to make the appointments, but the
recommendations and the general control of the law's operation were left to the several States.
In some States the registration machinery was utilized, but a new plan was evolved in New York
State, and in many others. The men nominated by Mayor Fuhrmann and by Sheriff Stengel
were never formally submitted for appointment. Instead, the actual nomination of the men
for service on the exemption boards locally was made by the leaders of the two dominant political
parties. The Democratic organization named one member of the Board and the Republican
organization named another. The State Department of Health named the third — the medical
member. The political complexion of the boards was in accord with that of the State,
but no question of partisan or party politics entered into the disposition of cases, and
in all the thousands of disputed claims, no charge of political favoritism nor political dis-
crimination was ever raised. The record was surprisingly and exceptionally free from such
criticism.
The change had come so quickly from nomination by the Mayor to designation by the political
organizations, the latter did not have time to inquire into the availability of draft board nominees,
and many were chosen who immediately found it impossible or undesirable to serve. Criticism
naturally arose over the method, and some of the newspapers were exceptionally sharp in their
comments. As the machinery moved into operation, however, and the board members began
to groan under the volume of work heaped upon them, the censure changed to sympathy and soon
auxiliary bodies of various kinds sprang into existence to render aid in carrying out the draft
regulations.
The areas of jurisdiction of the local boards were the same as those of originally contemplated
registration boards. One board of three members was named for each of the sixteen city and
the four county exemption districts. Local boards were given original jurisdiction of all claims
for exemption or discharge except those on the ground of engagement in industry and agriculture,
cognizance of which was vested in what was known as district boards. The territory of these
was co-extensive with the Federal judicial district. From the local board the right of appeal to
the district board was provided, but the decision of the latter in all matters within the original
province of the local boards was final. From matters disposed of by the district boards
appeal could be taken to the President. The principal questions to be decided by the
local boards were those of physical fitness and dependency. The regulations permitted the
exemption of any man who had a wife, a child, aged mother or father, depending solely
upon him for support. This question, from the point of view of the government, involved
circumstances of domestic relation which required the sympathetic consideration of the
neighbors of the registrant. The personnel of the local boards was authorized and urged
to be selected with reference to their environment rather than to their professions or
callings.
On July 2d the appointment of the Buffalo and Erie County boards was announced by the
Governor, but the appointments had apparently been made somewhat earlier.
The following list contains the names of those originally appointed and the length of their ser-
vices; also those named to fill vacancies:
84 Buffalo's Part in the World War
Local Board No. 1, City of Buffalo:
Keller, Andrew J., 754 Seneca Street, Chairman, appointed June 23, 1917; Healy, Michael J., Secretary, appointed
June 23, 1917; Lynch, Charles V., 700 South Division Street, Secretary, appointed July 14, 1917, vice Michael J.
Healy, resigned; Allen. Dr. Thomas G., 439 Elk Street, appointed June 23, 1917.
Local Board No. 2, City of Buffalo:
Harris, Elmer E., 22 Maurice Street, Chairman, appointed June 23, 1917; Coughlin, Timothy P., 18 Kenefiek
Avenue, Secretary, appointed .June 23, 1917; Villaume, Dr. Edw. L., 508 South Park Avenue, appointed June
23, 1917; Woodruff, Dr. John V., 1824 Seneca Street, appointed August 19, 1918, vice Dr. Edward Villaume,
resigned.
Local Board No. 3, City of Buffalo:
Bruso, Dr. C. Frank, 146 Dorchester Road, Chairman, appointed June 23, 1917; Willert, Charles S., 504 Broad-
way, appointed June 23, 1917; Durr, Abram, 276 Jefferson Street, appointed July 12, 1917, vice Charles S. Wil-
lert, resigned; Endres, Edward J., 324 Pine Street, appointed June 23, 1917; Healy, Michael J., appointed July
14, 1917, vice E. J. Endres, resigned; Endres, Edward J., 324 Pine Street, appointed February 23, 1918, vice
Michael J. Healy, deceased.
Local Board No. 4, City of Buffalo;
Yox, John, 606 William Street, Chairman, appointed July 21, 1917; Duffy, John, 233 Bristol Street, appointed;
Ditchler, John, 870 Clinton Street, appointed, vice John Duffy, resigned; Theobald, Fred W., 150 Emslie Street,
Secretary, appointed March 18, 1918, vice John Ditchler, resigned; Roberts, Dr. George F., 281 Emslie Street,
appointed June 23, 1917.
Local Board No. 5, City of Buffalo:
Burzynski, Frank S., 591 Fillmore Avenue, Chairman, appointed June 23, 1917; Dorasewicz, Boleslaw, Secretary,
appointed June 23, 1917; Smokowski, Peter B., 875 Fillmore Avenue, appointed Secretary July 12, 1917, vice
Boleslaw Dorasewicz, resigned; Lustig, Dr. Emil, 553 Fillmore Avenue, appointed June 23, 1917.
Local Board No. 6, City of Buffalo:
Rahl, Henry J., 254 Main Street, Chairman, appointed .June 23, 1917; Jerge, Henry F., appointed June 23, 1917;
McCue, Daniel J., appointed December 20, 1917, vice Henry F. Jerge, resigned; Jerge, Henry F., 803 Humboldt
Parkway, appointed Secretary, vice Daniel J. McCue, resigned; Bentz, Dr. C. A., 84 Orange Street, appointed
June 23, 1917.
Local Board No. 7, City of Buffalo:
Wedekindt, Ernst, 5 Walden Avenue, appointed Chairman June 23, 1917; Maloney, Thomas F., appointed
January 14, 1918, vice Ernst Wedekindt, resigned; Riehl, Charles, appointed January 21, 1918, vice Thomas F.
Maloney, resigned; Woltz, Charles J., appointed February 23, 1918, vice Charles Riehl, resigned; Wedekindt,
Ernst, 5 Walden Avenue, appointed March 15, 1918, vice Charles J. Woltz, resigned; Lambrix, Charles A., 1074
Fillmore Avenue, Secretary, appointed June 23, 1917; Hengerer, Dr. A. W., 441 Pratt Street, appointed June
23, 1917.
Local Board No. 8, City of Buffalo:
Nixon, James L., 232 Sumner Place, Chairman, appointed June 23, 1917; Joslyn, Edward E., 614 Walden Avenue,
Secretary, appointed June 23, 1917; Charters, Dr. J. W., 540 Walden Avenue, appointed June 23, 1917.
Local Board No. 9, City of Buffalo:
Kloten, Cassius W., 25 Glenwood Avenue, Chairman, appointed June 23, 1917; Ulrich, Charles, appointed Sec-
retary June 23, 1917; Bagley, Frederick G., appointed .July 12, 1917, vice Charles LHrich, resigned; Fix, Charles
J., 629 Elhcott Street, appointed July 23, 1917, vice Frederick G. Bagley, resigned; Kessel, John A., 16 South-
ampton Street, appointed August 29, 1917, vice Charles J. Fix, resigned; Meidenbauer, Dr. J. G., 291 Maple
Street, appointed June 23, 1917.
Local Board No. 10, City of Buffalo;
Fechter, Louis, Sr., 1150 Bailey Avenue, Chairman, appointed June 23, 1917; Mathew, Thomas, 269 North
Ogden Street, Secretary, appointed June 23, 1917; State, Joseph N., 1226 Bailey Avenue, Secretary, appointed
July 20, 1917, vice Thomas Mathew, resigned; Cunningham, William P., 1222 Bailey Avenue, Secretary, ap-
pointed August 1, 1918, vice Joseph N. State, resigned; Thoma, Dr. FridoHn, 1072 Lovejoy Street, appointed
June 23, 1917.
Local Board No. 11, City of Buffalo:
Paulis, Peter, Chairman, appointed June 23, 1917; Beuchi, William C, 2094 Genesee Street, Chairman, appointed
July 21, 1917, vice Peter Paulis, resigned; Tischendorf, Carl, Secretary, appointed June 23, 1917; Reickert,
Charles A., 214 Sprenger Street, Secretary, appointed June 24, 1918, vice Carl Tischendorf, resigned; Mehnert,
Dr. R. C, appointed June 23, 1917; Trotter, Dr. Homer A., 16 Kehr Street, appointed July 20, 1917, vice Dr.
R. C. Mehnert, resigned.
Buffalo's Part in the World War
85
Training the School Boys
86 Buffalo's Part in the World War
Local Board No. 12, City of Buffalo:
Smith, Jacob F., 55 Eastwood Place, Chairman, appointed June 23, 1917; Hahl, Charles A., 153 Jewett Avenue,
Chairman, appointed September 30, 1918, vice Jacob F. Smith, resigned; Bennett, Leslie J., 1745 Amherst Street,
Secretary, appointed June 23, 1917; Lapp, Ervin A., 12 Parker Avenue, Secretary, appointed January 31, 1917,
vice Leslie J. Bennett, resigned; Westinghouse, Dr. G. H., 2830 Main Street, appointed June 23, 1917; Gregory,
Dr. Joseph A., 158 Wallace Avenue, appointed March 27, 1918, vice Dr. G. H. Westinghouse, resigned.
Local Board No. 13. City of Buffalo:
Tovey, Alfred E., 1724 Niagara Street, Chairman, appointed June 23, 1917; Humphrey, William J., 359 Dear-
born Street, Secretary, appointed June 23, 1917; McKee, Dr. O. S., appointed June 23, 1917; Hoffman, Dr.
H. C, appointed July 12, 1917, vice Dr. O. S. McKee, resigned; Frudnowski, Dr. Joseph F., appointed July 20,
1917, vice Dr. H. C. Hoffman, resigned; Urbanski, Dr. N. A. J., 472 Amherst Street, appointed November 24,
1917, vice Dr. Joseph F. Frudnowski, resigned.
Local Board No. 14, City of Buffalo:
. Haflfa, Elias, 265 Maryland Street, Chairman, appointed June 23, 1917; Oppenheimer, Jesse, Graystone Hotel,
Secretary, appointed June 23, 1917; Bresnahan, James J., Touraine Hotel, Secretary, appointed March 22, 1918,
vice Jesse Oppenheimer, resigned; Briggs, Dr. A. H., Hotel Buckingham, appointed June 23, 1917.
Local Board No. 15, City of Buffalo:
Francis, George F., 245 Lafayette Avenue, Chairman, appointed June 23, 1917; Conway, William F., 720 Pros-
pect Avenue, Secretary, appointed June 23, 1917; Frost, Dr. E. L., 212 Massachusetts Avenue, appointed June
23, 1917; Clements. Dr. Charles A., 420 Richmond Avenue, appointed August 14, 1918, vice Dr. E. L. Frost,
resigned.
Local Board No. 16, City of Buffalo:
Reilley, William W., 408 Brisbane Building, Chairman, appointed June 23, 1917; Trible, Walter P., Chairman,
appointed February 23, 1918, vice W. W. Reilley, resigned; Reilley, William W., 408 Brisbane Building, Chair-
man, appointed April 4, 1918, vice Walter P. Trible, resigned; Hull, John M., 124 Lexington Avenue, Chairman,
appointed August 26, 1918, vice William W. Reilley, resigned; Wettlaufer, Conrad E., Secretary, appointed June
23, 1917; Yates, Harry, 1243 Delaware Avenue, Secretary, appointed July 21, 1917, vice Conrad E. Wettlaufer,
resigned; Thompson, Dr. J. C, 666 Auburn Avenue, appointed June 23, 1917.
Local Board No. 1, County of Erie:
Patton, John K., Tonawanda, N. Y., Chairman, appointed June 23, 1917; Briggs, Maxwell E., Lackawanna,
N. Y., Secretary, appointed June 23, 1917; Trevett, Dr. Ira P., Lackawanna, N. Y., appointed June 23, 1917,
Local Board No. 2, County of Erie:
Pierce, Daniel C, 82 Pierce Avenue, Hamburg, N. Y., Chairman, appointed June 23, 1917; Schlehr, John W.,
Secretary, appointed June 23, 1917; Thorn, Perry M., Secretary, appointed July 11, 1918, vice John W. Schlehr,
resigned; Schlehr, John W., West Seneca, N. Y., Secretary, appointed July 22, 1918, vice Perry M. Thorn, re-
signed; Flemming, Dr. Theo. E., Gardenville, N. Y., appointed June 23, 1917.
Local Board No. 3, County of Erie:
Law, Benedict W., Collins, N. Y., Chairman, appointed June 23, 1917; Woodward, Ira C, Secretary, appointed
June 23, 1917; DeWitt, C. Reilley, Hudson, N. Y., Secretary, appointed July 21, 1917, vice Ira C. Woodward,
resigned; Place, FVed E., Gowanda, N. Y., Secretary, appointed June 23, 1917, vice C. Reilley DeWitt, resigned;
Ward, Dr. Walden M., North Collins, N. Y., appointed June 23, 1917.
Local Board No. 4, County of Erie:
Davis, George A., Lancaster, N. Y., Chairman, appointed June 23, 1917; Dickerson, James H., Akron, N. Y.,
Secretary, appointed June 23, 1917; Helwig, Dr. F. A., Akron, N. Y., appointed June 23, 1917.
Buffalo's Part in the World War
87
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Buffalo's Part in the World War 89
UNCLE SAM'S WORD TO DRAFT BOARD MEMBERS
WAR DEPARTMENT
Office of the PROvosr M4RSH4L Gemeral
Washington
July 26, 1917.
To Members of Local Boards:
You are entering on a difficult task, the gravity of which "is beyond anything
that can be said in the way of discussion. You realize the significance of what
you are to do, and you know that a responsibility, heavier perhaps than any
you have ever faced, is upon you.
War demands individual sacrifice to the common cause. No people ever ap-
proached war with a calmer appreciation of that sacrifice or a firmer resolve to
bear it and to present themselves "to be classified for service in the place to which
it shall best serve the common good to call them." This calm determination
could not exist were it not for the confidence of the nation in its institutions. In
this public confidence is found the very spirit of the Selective Service Law. The
most sacred rights of country, home, and family are entrusted for adjudication to
local citizens and officials, nominated by State Governors and appointed by the
President. The most equitable rules that could be devised have been prescribed
for guidance, and the administration of these rules and the sacrifice that is offered
by your neighbors is entrusted to your hands.
From every one is demanded a sacrifice. But there is one thought to be kept
always in your mind. The selected man offers his life. There is no greater giving
than this; and that thought should guide you always. There may be a few who
will urge upon you claims for exemption or discharge that, whatever may be your
inclinations of sympathy or afTection, you will know ought not to be granted. It
will strengthen you to remember that for every exemption or discharge that is made
for individual convenience, or to escape personal loss of money or property, or for favor
or affection, some other man ivhose time umild not otherwise have come, rmist incur
the risk of losing his life.
You are not a court for the adjustment of differences between two persons in con-
troversy. You are agents of the Government, engaged in selecting men for the
Government and there is no controversy. You, acting for the Government,
are to investigate each case in the interests of the Nation, and never in the interests of
an individual. There is not one exemption or discharge in the law or regulations
that is put there for the benefit of any individual. All are there for the benefit of
the Nation and to the end that "the whole Nation may be a team in which each
man shall play the part for which he is best fitted."
There should be no rules like those of court procedure, no technical rules of evi-
dence. You should proceed to investigate cases about which you are not satis-
fied exactly as you, as an individual, would proceed to inform yourself of any fact
about which you are in doubt.
Last of all, it is important to say a word about your own sacrifice. The place
to which you have been called is one which no man would seek save in the per-
formance of one of the highest of patriotic duties.
The Nation needs men, and needs them quickly. The hours will then be long
and the work absorbing. The duty is always to take and never to give, and human
nature is such there will be little praise and some blame. The sacrifice of many of
those whose cases are to be decided is no greater than that of the men who are to
decide them; and your only reward must be the knowledge that, at great personal
sacrifice, you are rendering your country an indispensable service in a matter of
the utmost moment. „ ^^ ^
E. H. Crowder,
Provost Marshal General.
90
Buffalo's Part in the World War
CHAPTER XXVI
EXEMPTION DISTRICT MACHINERY IN OPERATION
THE quota for Buffalo and the other cities and towns of the county was allocated by Gov-
ernor Whitman on July 24th. Buffalo was called upon to produce 4,204 men, and the bal-
ance of the county 1,461. Regulations and instructions required each board immediately
to call before it for physical examination, in the order of their liability, a sufficient number of
registrants to procure about one-half of the first quota of the board. Under the conditions which
obtained each registrant was required to present his claim for exemption within seven days from
the date he was called. In the absence of such a claim the registrant was deemed to have waived
his right to make a claim. Boards had been instructed that no exemption authorized in the selec-
tive service law was intended for the direct benefit of an individual and that every such exemption
Mason Hatch's Flying S()uadron
Scene in front of City Hall during the registration period
was for the sole benefit of the Government. Very generally that principle was observed through-
out the entire period of the draft law, and especially so in those earlier days of its operation. In
the arduous time to come the board members could more readily pick out the good from the bad,
the true from the false in the mass of evidence and affidavits constantly piling up before them.
The work of the draft boards had not proceeded far when it became apparent that the claims
for exemption on the ground of dependency were dangerously large. The Senate, in passing the
bill, had debated at length the question of whether or not married men should be exempted as such.
On that point the Senate voted negatively. Dependency, to secure exemption, would have to be
proved. Accordingly, married men came forward with their claims. Some claimed exemption
whose wives were taking in washing, doing laundry work, to support themselves, their children
Buffalo's Part in the World War 91
and worthless husbands — -now cringing registrants. Men of considerable wealth, in occasional
instances, and husbands who had not lived with their wives for years, were among the number
to claim exemption on the ground of their wives being "mainly dependent on their daily labor for
support." On August 8th, the Provost Marshal General, in an endeavor to relieve the trouble and
danger of that situation, ruled that in the class of cases where the registrant, as a matter of fact,
had a wife not depending on his daily labors for support, and the parents of the registrant or of
his wife were ready, able and willing to undertake the support of the wife during the absence of
the husband, the boards were justified in finding such a registrant had not a good claim for ex-
emption on the ground of dependency.
Local Board Sixteen, because it had within its confines the wealthiest portions of the city,
found itself in a peculiar situation. From such homes as abounded in its districts, more married
men, probably, were called under these first rules, than elsewhere in the city. Naturally some
dissatisfaction resulted. Lengthy affidavits were submitted, tending to show dependency where
public opinion had long suppo.sed none existed. The local board members, in an eifort to decide
every case on the same basis, confined themselves strictly to the regulations, as in fact they had
no choice but to do. The board was confronted with this rule: "Whenever ***** the wife
is not left without reasonably adequate support but will receive such support from other sources,
there is no dependency rendering discharge advisable." The following classes of cases came
within that ruHng:
First — Where the parents or other relatives of the wife or the husband were able, ready and
willing to provide adequate support for her (and children, if any) during the absence of the hus-
band.
Second — Where there existed some arrangement by which salary or wage of husband was con-
tinued * * * *
In addition to the above, the President, being asked to elucidate further, said: "There are
undoubtedly many cases * * * of men who are married and yet whose accumulations or other
economic surroundings are such that no dependency of the wife exists in fact." Economic sur-
roundings such as automobiles, clubs, summer homes, etc., naturally pointed either to "accumu-
lations" or to income from parents. In some cases where the income was shown to come from the
parents, these parents, in the particular cases referred to, now announced that they were not
able, ready and willing to support dependents if the registrant went to war. These people were
put on record when the board finally adopted a supplementary affidavit. In this, all registrants
claiming exemption were obliged to have both the registrant's and his wife's parents' signature
to the affidavit, stating that they were not able, ready and willing to support the dependents of
the registrant. In this way, the burden of proof rested upon the registrant and his family to de-
clare their position and left no doubt in the minds of the people what their position was. When
the registrant furnished these affidavits from the parents, discharge was granted.
On December 15th, 1917, when the questionnaires were issued, that trouble was overcome by
the class system, whereby registrants were put in classes from one to five. Before that time, a
man was either accepted or rejected.
The other feature which gave the boards much trouble was the question of marriages consum-
mated after May 18th, 1917. The regulations provided that each case should receive individual
attention. Had that been literally lived up to, it would have been absolutely impossible to give
satisfaction, because each individual thought his case was good and the others bad. As a result
most boards adopted a rule, some knowingly, others instinctively, whereby they held every man
who married after May 18th, 1917, as having been aware of the fact that he was drafted and there-
fore unqualified to take upon himself dependents. W. W. Reilley, Chairman of Board 16, appeared
to be the leader in that determination. The position of his board, in that respect, was fully justi-
fied later, when the War Department issued regulations taking practically the same ground. Had
the regulations beeen issued sooner they would have saved the local boards a tremendous amount
of work.
92
Buffalo's Part in the World War
CHAPTER XXVII
RANN'S APPEAL AGENT VOLUNTEERS
Realizing that registrants coming from every walk of life into a new and hopelessly unfamiliar
field would require some assistance in properly putting before the boards all the facts essential
' to a reasonable consideration of their individual cases, provision was madefor the appointment
of government appeal agents. Early in September, 1917, William S. Rann, corporation counsel
of Buffalo, received a letter from Adjutant General Stotesbury informing him that by command
of the Governor he had been appointed government appeal agent for the City of Buffalo. He
was somewhat pointedly referred in that letter to section six of the Selective Service Law which
provided, among other things, that if any person charged with the duty of carrying into effect
the provisions of the act or the regulations made thereunder should fail or neglect fully to perform
any duty required of him, he would be guilty of a misdemeanor and upon conviction be punished
by imprisonment for a period of not more than one year, unless he was subject to military law,
in which case he would be tried by court martial and suffer such punishment as a court martial
might direct. Mr. Rann was not a timid man. He had held public office in Buffalo for a number
of years. His duties under a new form of government had become exceedingly extensive, arduous
and exacting. Being a fair number of years beyond the military age, he conceived it his duty to
"do his bit" in whatever way the government pointed it out to him, and despite the rather har-
rowing list of conditional punishments which his letter of appointment contained he took up the
new task. First securing authority to appoint an appeal agent for each district in the city, and
an additional appeal agent as his associate in the handling of details, he began the work. The
appeal agents first named for the several divisions were as follows:
Girls of School No. 41 Knitting for Soldiers
Buffalo's Part in the World War 93
Associate Appeal Agent, Louis J. Voltz.
First Division, Bart J. Shanahan; Second Division, Harry F. DeCeu; Tliird Division, Andrew T. Beasley; Fourth
Division, Lech T. Niemo; Fifth Division, Leon J. Nowal<; Sixth Division, Jacob Kaufman; Seventh Division, J.
Neil Mahoney; Eighth Division, Lewis F. Lindal; Ninth Division, Preston M. Albro; Tenth Division, George L. Grobe;
Eleventh Division, Raymond C. Voght; Twelfth Division, John V. Maloney; Thirteenth Division, Fred D. Russell;
Fourteenth Division, Edward N. Mills; Fifteenth Division, Henry W. Willis; Sixteenth Division, Charles W. Strong.
Some changes were made afterwards owing to the resignation of several of the appeal agents
on account of pressure of other duties, and in some instances because of other war work assumed
by them. Mr. Shanahan was succeeded in the first division by James V. Downey. Mr. Beasley
was transferred from the third to the fourth division and Harry Lipsitz was appointed in
his place for the third division. Shortly after this transfer Mr. Beasley became a successful
candidate for member of the Assembly and his place in the fourth division was filled by the ap-
pointment of Elmer C. Miller. Mr. Mahoney enlisted in the navy and Charles J. Woltz was
chosen in his place for the seventh division. Walter F. Schmieding succeeded Mr. Lindal in the
eighth division and in the ninth division Chester McNeil was the successor of Preston M. Albro,
who enlisted in the military service.
Section forty-seven of the regulations provided that it be the duty of appeal agents to appeal
from any deferred classification of a local board which in the opinion of the agent should be re-
viewed by the district board; to care for the interest of uninformed registrants, and where the
decision of a local board was against the interests of such registrants and where it appeared that
such registrants would not take appeals, due to their own nonculpable ignorance, to inform them
of their rights and assist them to enter appeals to the district board; to investigate and report
upon matters which were submitted; to suggest, when advisable, the reopening of any case; to
impart to the local boards information which, in the opinion of the appeal agent, ought to be
investigated; and, also, to make such suggestions and impart such information, as the case might
be, to the district board in order that it might more efficiently exercise its power to instruct local
boards to take additional proof.
It will be readily understood that the work of the government appeal agents was not altogether
pleasant. Many times it was their duty to inform registrants who, innocently or otherwise, were
escaping from the military service that they must report to their local boards and accept classifi-
cation in class one to avoid more disagreeable consequences. Much information in regard to
such cases was received through anonymous communications. Mr. Rann reported one instance
in which the mother of four boys, three of whom had been sent to camp, was left without means
of supporting herself and a remaining child except what she could get from the boys in camp.
Application was made for the return of one of the sons to her and it so happened that the son who,
when at home, was a burden to her instead of a help, succeeded in being returned. Subsequently
he was sent back to camp.
Of course, there were innumerable instances where appeal agents were called upon to investi-
gate marriages which had taken place after May 18, 1917, the day when the Selective Service Law
was approved. That problem became a hideous nightmare to the draft boards. The evidence
ofi'ered by the registrants in substantially all of those cases was startlingly similar. Receipts
were produced to show the purchase of engagement rings and of furniture, the leasing of premises
and the announcement of the engagement, together with the date fixed for the wedding, and in
each case the betrothal was weeks or months prior to May 18th, while the wedding was weeks or
months subsequent thereto. In most cases such claims were disallowed.
The Provost Marshal General, in his report to the Secretary of War,* December, 1918, paid a
* It was not intended, nor did they (appeal agents) interpret their duty to be, that they should be partisan representatives of the Government
for the purpose, if possible, of placing every registrant in military service, as would normally be the case of a prosecuting attorney trying his docket.
They properly conceived their duty to be" that of representing the Government by seeing that the selective principle of the selective service law
was applied— that no man escaped who owed the duty to go, and that the Government was not put to the expense of sending to the camps men who
were better fitted to preserve the necessary industries at liome and to protect the family integrity. Their province was to see that substantial
fairness was observed; and the relative fewness of discharges at camps, of men finally accepted for service, is ample proof of the admirable manner
in which that duty was performed. The outstanding fact that this duty was performed uncomplainingly and without any compensation what-
ever, places them in the enviable position of the patriot who is unrewarded, save in the consciousness of duty well performed, and in the knowledge
that both the Government and the people composing it proudly acknowledge a debt which cannot be liquidated.
Such devotion to duty can only be described by the tliought that these men were putting into their part of the great tight the conscience of the
American people. — From General Crowder's Report.
94
Buffalo's Part in the World War
Lafayette Square Any Day— 1917
Crowd assembling as prominent speakers appeal for military enlistment
splendid tribute to the work of the appeal agents, and in his report concerning their work Mr.
Rann said:
" I know of no class of men who, without hope of pecuniary reward, labored night and day for
the enforcement of the provisions of the Selective Service Act and regulations more faithfully
and unselfishly, sacrificing recreation and business, than the appeal agents of Buffalo. Those
who contributed to the great part which the United States took in the world war, no matter in
what branch of the service, are entitled to everlasting credit, and not the least of these are the
appeal agents who were animated, not by love of applause or hope of gain, but by a zeal for the
welfare of the country and of the world. In the early months of their service many of them had
to work against the opposition and, in some instances, the prejudice of members of the local
boards, who felt that the appeal agents were spying upon their work. I think this feeling faded
when it was discovered that the members of the local boards, the district board, the appeal agents,
the legal advisory boards and the medical advisory boards were all co-operating in the same
great cause."
Buffalo's Part in the World War 95
CHAPTER XXVIII
UNLIMITED SERVICE BY MEMBERS OF BUFFALO BAR
AGENCIES for the assistance of registrants and draft boards multiplied rapidly as America's
/\ great National Army began to form. Every citizen who, by reason of advancing years or
-^ -*- physical defect, was outside the realm of military service felt an obligation to assist in all
governmental activities. A potential force could readily be gathered in any district for any work
which came to hand. Minute men were around in abundance. In addition to all that, the Presi-
dent was authorized to appoint, on recommendation of the Governor, legal and medical advisory
boards for every locality. Pursuant to that authority, contained in section 30 of the selective
service regulations. Governor Whitman nominated County Judge Philip A. Laing, chairman,
General Samuel M. Welch, secretary, and Edward R. O'Malley to compose the legal advisory
board for Erie County and they were duly appointed by President Wilson. The board organized,
and prevailed upon Lawrence J. Collins to act as chief deputy for the county. Like Corporation
Counsel Rann and his associate appeal agents, these legal advisers were exceptionally busy men
at that time with private affairs, but private affairs counted little in those days. At the outset
this board proceeded to effect an organization sufficiently large and competent to correctly advise
and correctly assist all registrants in filling out their questionnaires, to the end that each quota
certified to the various local boards could be filled within the allotted time.
The organization so effected, was known as the associate legal advisory committee and num-
bered in Erie County, eleven hundred and ten men and women, for the most part lawyers and
school teachers. Their period of service covered eleven months, commencing in the latter part
of December, 1917, and terminating in the latter part of November, 1918. Throughout the
period of their service, the legal advisory board regulated and advised these workers from day
to day on the various phases of their work.
The greatest volume of work performed by the legal advisory boards grew out of the question-
naire, an instrument designed to draw from the registrant every fact of value in allotting him
to his most useful place in the country's service. With the advent of the questionnaire, the cen-
sus man, the meter inspector, and all the other banes of human existence promptly slipped into
positions of trivial importance. That masterpiece, while most efficacious to the Government,
proved baffling to the average registrant.
One local board received a questionnaire with nothing answered, but containing the notation
across the face: "I'm ready when you are."
Upon investigation, it was found that the registrant was a colored man, who, after attempting,
without assistance, to fill out the paper concluded that the effort was beyond him, and hit upon
this way of clearing the situation.
The length and complexity of the questionnaire, coupled with the magnitude of its purpose in
the conduct of the war, seemed to work confusion in the minds of a majority of registrants, and
especially those of foreign extraction. One attorney tells of a registrant whom he was aiding in
filling out his questionnaire. When that section was reached which required each registrant to
underline that branch of the army in which he would prefer to serve if selected, the attorney
enumerated the various branches, commencing with the artillery and ending with the signal
corps. The registrant seemed absorbed in deep thought for some moments, then turning to the
attorney, he said in all earnestness, " I prefer the Home Defense. Please put a line under that."
As in the category of war machinery, nothing, from the standpoint of immediate importance,
overshadowed the questionnaire, so in the ranks of the great civilian army during the crisis, none
rendered more effective aid to the Government than this associate legal advisory committee. It
was made up of a number of small committees, one acting for each local division and having as
its chairman the appeal agent for such division. These committees in the City of Buffalo used
96
Buffalo's Part in the World War
as their headquarters for aiding registrants a grammar or high school in their respective districts.
The work of the chief deputy to the legal advisory board consisted mainly in recruiting members
for the associate legal advisory committee from various walks of life and in supplying help hurried-
ly to districts where the number of registrants was too great for the regular committee to handle.
The volume of work performed by General Welch, as secretary of the legal advisory board,
and the conscientious manner of its execution, was almost, if not wholly, without parallel of its
kind throughout the country.
The associate legal advisory committee, like the members of the legal advisory board, received
no compensation whatsoever. The effectiveness, and the untiring devotion to the cause, which
characterized the labors of the legal advisoiy board, was splendidly sustained by the associate
legal advisory committee. The task assigned to them was one that taxed to the utmost both
nerves and patience, and for their splendid attitude in that trying ordeal, the lawyers and school
teachers of Buffalo are forever entitled to commendation.
Motor Corps Girls at Work
Chief Edward P. Murphy. Buffalo Fire Department, and two ambulance drivers at a big Buffalo fire — 1917
Nor did their efforts by any means cease with the aid they afforded registrants. It would be
difficult to say how many claims for exemption or deferred classification, the district appeal board
and the local boards for Erie County would otherwise have had to pass upon, were it not for the
patriotism that was incessantly infused into luke-warm registrants by the members of the legal
advisory committee. The tendency to escape, where possible, induction into the service was
quite natural and not altogether infrequent, and it was the manifestation of this tendency in its
various phases, which the legal advisory committee was forced to combat, and with tact and in-
genuity, to overcome. Hence it may be safely asserted that the members in themselves were,
indeed, a powerful contributing force to the upbuilding of the nation's man-power. Each regis-
trant naturally sought to determine his right to exemption from military service, but once he
learned it was his turn to go he quickly and bravely stepped into his place and it was that spirit
which created the victorious United States Army.
Buffalo's Part in the World War 97
CHAPTER XXIX
DISTRICT BOARD NUMBER THREE
ON August thirteenth, Nineteen Hundred and Seventeen, occurred the first meeting of District
Board Number Three (Selective Service for the Western Federal District of New York.
It was one of nine such Boards in New York State. Its jurisdiction covered the counties
of Erie, Niagara, Orleans, Wyoming and Genesee. These counties were divided into twenty-six
local boards. The meeting was held in quarters in the Iroquois Gas Building, at Church and
Franklin Streets.
As the Selective Service Law was put into operation, it speedily became evident that industrial
classification was the most important work confronting the Board. The accomplishment of a
two-fold result was imperative; first, to obtain a definite number of soldiers for the fighting force
abroad, and, secondly, to conserve an army of industrial workers of the highest efficiency at
home.
At first hand this appeared a simple process, but it soon became seriously complicated, by
reason of the fact that many preferred to battle on the home field, and into the refuge furnished
by the war factories men poured from every line of endeavor. Frequent claims were made on
behalf of "skilled industrial laborers" whose previous experience (often carefully camouflaged)
showed "seven years a barber," "three years an actor," through every field — clerks, waiters,
students, musicians, etc. Wages were no evidence of worth. As in other walks along with in-
dustry's "necessities" came industry's "substitutes." Instances were noted of men receiving
$75 a week, who in peace times could not command more than $20. The task of the district
board to "part the goats upon the left hand and the sheep upon the right" thus became a stu-
pendous undertaking.
The Board's success is demonstrated by the fact that Buffalo never failed to answer the call
for men; each time, they were entrained on the minute, and certainly no industries anywhere
in the United States ran with greater efficiency. The members often felt themselves hard pressed,
but that was their contribution to the great achievement.
Classification of agricultural claims was more or less routine work, for at all times farmers
were suffering from shortage of labor and it was evident to the Board that any man
whose vocation was farming, or who was working on a farm before May 18, 1917, should
be left on that farm, and the Board's policy in regard to agricultural claims was to grant
every bonafide claim where the production showed any material surplus beyond the needs of the
farm occupants.
Perhaps the worst struggle of all came with classification on appeal of dependency cases, re-
sulting from marriages after May 18th, 1917. District Boards were left to work out a line of
action which would result in uniformity so far as that was possible of attainment.
It was not until complete new regulations were issued in September, 1918, that definite
rules were laid down for the handling of such cases, the final ruling being that the only
valid dependency claim would be for the dependency of a child of such marriage, born or
unborn.
A few statistics set forth the gigantic task accomplished by District Boards, the Buffalo Board
being an average illustration.
It must be remembered that under the jurisdiction of this Board there were besides Buffalo,
five counties, having a registration of 90,146, making our complete number of registrants
230,744. From this number, until the signing of the armistice, the Board entertained 36,906
claims. Of these 29,206 were industrial and agricultural, and 20,037 were granted. There
were 7,700 appeals from Local Board decisions on various grounds, and of these 2,611 were
granted.
98 Buffalo's Part in the World War
Many humorous occurrences* and communications enlivened the work. The Board was
showered with criticism and compliments, and no matter what it did, it was sure of being
roundly abused and enthusiastically praised. The work certainly had many rewards. No
agency ever established in Buffalo received heartier co-operation. City and county officials dis-
played an eagerness to assist, and every request made of them was quickly met. Any necessities
in the line of supplies which could not be obtained from the Government, were immediately sup-
plied by Buffalo merchants. The Board had only to make its wants known and they were satis-
fied. To mention Buffalo's patriotic citizens by name would fill several pages.
When the work of the classification of the registrants of September 12, 1918, was contemplated,
it was seen that greater latitude should prevail in regard to them. Up to September 1, 1918,
only those industries which could show that they were contributing substantially and materially
to the maintenance of the military establishment, to the effective operation of the military forces,
or to the national interest during the emergency could obtain deferred classification for their men.
The general rule followed was that such concerns should be immediate producers of war materials
or allied concerns once removed, immediately supplying such major industries.
As time passed, the activities of the country were rapidly converted to war purposes, and the
Government extended this rule to include "occupations and employments" of a commercial
nature, so that practically all barriers were down and claims were received, running the extremes,
from laundries to patent medicines. To provide for the necessary adjustments between the
necessities of the industries already given consideration and those not of that description, but
contributing to the national interest during the emergency, there were appointed three industrial
advisors to assist the District Board. The armistice came so quickly that only an indication was
obtained of the important services these men were to render.
The following advisors were named: G. P. Berner, of Buffalo, appointed by the Federal De-
partment of Labor; Charles Parker, of Lockport, appointed by the Department of Agriculture,
and Henry P. Werner, of Buffalo, appointed by the members of the District Board,
* The registrants themselves, in their questionnaires, unconsciously, and the writers of the following letters, per-
haps not always unconsciously, contributed to the Board's rejuvenation.
We do not know how this man finished, but he began as a plain private:
"Dear Sirs:
" i have registered in BulTalo on June 5 but i didn't stay in the City, i left shortly and haven't been notified, i would like very much for you
to write if i have bin called to the colors and if i am i am willing, i have bin in the army before, i have bin a commanding officer in the 8th ill.
N. G. and i am cable of holding the same in any other regiment.
"Now i will close as i have other things to tend to but at present time our god comes first, our country next then Mother Dear ao this is all."
This is from a father who must have been surprised at the wonders Uncle Sam was able to perform:
"I never was more surprised in my life to hear that my son is excepted and I appeal to you for another and thorough examination. He is a
subject of rheumatism. In damp weather he has leakage of the heart and Asthmatic trouble of the Bronchial tube. He has two lap-over toes,
one on each foot and has lost the grip from his right hand. The Dr. told him to get an outside job and beware of excitement. This sure is a sur-
prise to everybody."
M'any such as this one had to be caught on the fly:
"I am writing for my questioneer papers. When I registered I was in the Erie Co. Pen doing one year. Now Ifam in the Erie Co. farm doing
30 days. My time will be up May 11th, and I don't know what my address will be next."
Not all mothers wanted their sons to stay at home:
"I have a son whom is drafted by the newspapers. I would like to know if he has been medically examined and if so, how is he? Also if ex-
empted, what for? his mother."
He seems to have done his bit:
"You ask me to report change of employment. I was formerly a Pennsylvania Telegraph operator but through merger of the Penn, R R. and
Nickel Plate R. R. and the Nickel Plate R. R. taking over the Penn. R. R. makes me a Nickel Plate man. Only change is new boss, twice as much
work, two roads instead of one."
We were the clearing house for many complaints, this one being quite out of the ordinary:
"I have just received a card from Albert, saying he is safe in France. He took out $10,000 insurance for me and I have not received a penny
yet."
The war was a popular place for many to consign their troublesome "in-laws." No relief was furnished in this
case, for the man proved to be beyond the age limit:
"Dear Men of Military:
"Please excuse me for writing to you but I can't help it. I was over to Buffalo for the weak end to see my sister. I really must say you have
overlook a man that should be helping win this great war. Why I say this is, he is fiting day by day at home. I realy was in fear the one night
I stade there. I ask my sister, duse he go on like this, she said 'yes and worse.'
"If you get him I am sure this war will be over with fur if ever there's a devil on earth he is one. Such a broot, he is not a man.
"I give you people a lot of prayers and hope you get him, when he has been in France he will treet a woman write."
Buffalo's Part in the World War
99
DISTRICT BOARD
Division No. 3, of the Western Jitoicial District
Mack, Norman E., Buffalo, N. Y., appointed August 4, 1917; Streifler, Henry, Buffalo, N. Y., appointed vice
Norman E. Mack, resigned; Crosby, W. H., Buffalo, N. Y., appointed September 10, 1918, vice Henry Streifler,
resigned; Moore, Dr. A. N., Lockport, N. Y., Secretary, appointed August 4, 1917; Smallwood, W. W., Warsaw,
N. Y., appointed August 4, 1917; Wickser, John G., Buffalo, N. Y., appointed August 4, 1917; Houck, George
E., Buffalo, N. Y., appointed March 26, 1918, vice John G. Wickser, resigned; O'Brian, John Lord, Buffalo,
N. Y., appointed August 4, 1917; Davidson, George G., Jr., appointed September 28, 1917, vice John Lord
O'Brian, resigned; Reilley, W. W., 410 Delaware Avenue, Buffalo, N. Y., appointed August 26, 1918, vice
George G. Davidson, resigned; Williams, Silas W., East Aurora, N. Y., appointed March 14, 1918; Curtiss,
Harlow C, Buffalo, N. Y., appointed March 14, 1918.
Red Cross Campaign
Buffalo volunteers preparing bandages for Red Cross work
100 Buffalo's Part in the World War
CHAPTER XXX
"THE ROSE OF NO MAN'S LAND"
Buffalo realized very quickly after the declaration of war that something more than fighting
men was necessary to win the war. Early in June, 1917, the Liberty Loan campaign had
crashed in on a tightwad community. Not that Buffalonians were a more penurious people
than the inhabitants of Cleveland, Penn Yan, Paducah, or any other American city, but they
were not in the habit of giving. With Puritan-like fidelity and devotion they were brightening
the corner where they were, and holding fast to the sermon philosophy of the Baseball Evan-
gelist: "Get what you can and can what you get."
The martial airs and the marching of troops of 1917 had stin-ed their blood, however, while
Elliott C. McDougal and Walter P. Cooke, with their little band of liberty loaners, were shaking the
town loose from some of its hoarded thousands. Frank S. McGraw, a treat-'em-rough Red Cross
chairman, had succeeded in unraveling many a care-free and plethoric bankroll during the early
weeks of the year and a sufficient number of dollars rolled therefrom to equip a base hospital. While
the old community was still rocking and disturbed from the shock of such financial upsets, Robert
W. Pomeroy and his advance army of Red Cross workers set up their stand and announced their
purpose to raise $1,500,000 in Buffalo for
THE ROSE OF NO-MAN'S LAND
"There's a rose that grows "It's the one red rose
On No-Man's Land, Th' soldier knows,
And it's wonderful to see; It's the work of the Master's hand.
Though it's sprayed with tears, 'Neath the war's great curse
It will live for years Stands the Red Cross nurse —
In my garden of memory. She's the rose of No-Man's Land."
Buffalo stood up especially fine in the first* and subsequent Red Cross drives. Campaigns for
hospital funds, orphan collections and charity oi'ganization work had in the prior years met with
only fair success. Donations had been small. It is not surprising that Mr. Pomeroy and his
associates approached their Red Cross task with diffidence, albeit, determination. General Chair-
man Davison had advised the local committee that Buffalo's proportion of the sum to be raised
was fixed at $1,500,000 — a tremendous figure at that period in our community existence, but
when William A. Rogers announced he would give $100,000 the people caught the spirit of the
times. Patriotism was not confined entirely to the youth of the land. Bankers, brokers, artisans,
laborers, clerks, the girls in the box factories, and those picking rags on the slides at the city
dumps gave in equal measure from their respective incomes.
On June 18th Mayor Fuhrmann received a telegram from President Wilson — in reality a tele-
gram to the people of Buffalo — as follows:
Washington, D. C. 4 P. M., June 18, 1917.
Mayor L. P. Fuhrmann,
Buffalo, N. Y.:
TJie American people, by their overwhelming subscriptions to the Liberty Loan have given a new endorsement to the
high principles for which America entered the war. Diiring the week now beginning, which I have designated Red Cross
Week, they will have a unique privilege of manifesting America's unselfishness, as well as the real spirit of sacrifice that
animates our people. May I urge that your city do its part in (he raising of the $100,000,000 Red Cross War Fund,
measuring the generosity of its gifts by the urgency of the need.
WooDROW Wilson.
* In population Buffalo is the tenth city of the Union. In giving to the Red Cross she stands seventh. This is a good record. It speaks volumes
for the charity and the patriotism of the people. It reflects credit upon the earnest men and women who, under the direction of Mr. Robert W.
Pomeroy, worked so diligently for the success of the campaign.
The allotment for Buffalo compared with some other cities was high, but that did not daunt those behind the movement. It merely spurred
them on to renewed effort and they are justly entitled to the thanks of the community for their good work.
They have put Buffalo upon the map as one of the cities whose loyalt.v to the Government has shown itself in the most practical and
helpful of wa.vs." — (Buffalo Commercial, June 29, 1917.)
Buffalo's Part in the World War
101
The campaign oganization was completed before Saturday, June 16th, and at a mass meeting
on that Saturday night at Elmwood Music Hall the project was formally launched. Speeches
were made by Mayor Fuhrmann, the Rev. Newell Dwight Hillis of Brooklyn, one of America's
best pulpit orators, and by Baroness Huard, who related some of her personal experiences when
driven from her home in northern France by German invaders.
On Monday the team captains began their quest for subscriptions, and the week was enlivened
with noonday luncheons and team novelties. A dinner of very generous proportions was held
prior to the campaign, and another dinner, the prerequisite obligation of each guest being a $10,000
contribution, was held during the campaign, and the drive concluded with the money in hand,
at an enthusiastic spread held at the Hotel Statler on Monday evening, June 25th. George P.
Keating served as toastmaster at the final dinner, and speeches were made by Chairman Pomeroy,
Parade n< Red Cross Workers, Mav, 1918
Mayor Fuhrmann, Noel Marshall of Toronto, Walter P. Cooke, Roscoe R. Mitchell, A. H. Whit-
ford of the Y. M. C. A., John D. Wells, of the Buffalo Evening News, and the Rev. Dr. Andrew
V. V. Raymond. At the conclusion of the dinner. Dr. Edward J. Meyer presented to Robert W.
Pomeroy a large loving cup. It came to the chairman as an expression of the esteem of his cap-
tains and as a token of good fellowship which grew and bloomed and shed a fairer radiance in the
more arduous days which followed. The cup was inscribed :
"Robert W. Pomeroy
President Buffalo Citizens' Committee
Red Cross Campaign, June 18-25, 1917
From His Co-Workers."
The complete team reports handed in that night showed :
Division A— Evan Hollister, chairman. Team No. 1, Capt. Hollister, $78,348; No. 2, Charles L. Gurney, $49,425;
No. 3, Charles R. Huntley, $48,363; No. 4, Ralph C. Hudson, $41,524: No. 5, C. H. McCullough, Jr., $83,509;
No. 6, George F. Rand, $72,415.75; No. 7, Robert K. Root, $42,650.50; No. 8, Arnold B. Watson, $44,022.46;
No. 9, Clinton R. WyckofF, $45,949. Division Total, $505,687.16.
102
Buffalo's Part in the World War
Scene at Lafayette Square
Ceremony attached to unveiling of Red Cross Flag
Division B — Dr. Conrad E. Wettlaufer, chairman. Team No. 11, James H. McNulty, $45,516; No. 13, Mayor Louis
P. Fuhrmann, $48,079.75; No. 14, William E. Robertson, $25,671.55; No. 15, Kenneth W. Waiters, $26,064.50;
No. 16, Henry P. Werner, $47,590.37; No. 17, Dr. Wettlaufer, $162,732.32; No. 18, Frank Winch, $29,804.
Division Total, $395,458.49.
Division C— M. S. Tremaine, chairman. Team 21, Capt. Tremaine, $27,806; No. 22, Herbert E. Crouch, $47,812.10;
No. 23, E. B. Eggert, $48,975; No. 24, Nesbit Grammar, $34,837; No. 25, William H. Hill, $60,913.38; No. 26;
Clark L. Ingham, $24,716.10; No. 27, T. M. Pomeroy, $31,347.01; No. 28, H. T. Ramsdell, $52,584.40; special
gifts to credit of Division C, $50,000. Division Total, $327,944.98.
Division D— Dr. Edw. J. Meyer, chairman. Team No. 31, Capt. Meyer, $102,681.50; No. 32, Gerrit B. Lansing,
$26,114; No. 33, Le Grand De Graff, $69,999.50; No. 34, Frank H. Goodyear, $50,230.54; No. 35, Henry May,
$75,190.29; No. 36, B. C. Oliphant, $25,451; No. 37, Roswell Park, $38,452; No. 38, Frank Ruszkiewicz, $13,368;
No. 39, Harry Yates, $51 ,297. Division Total, $409,216.89.
Total $1,895,089.89
Special contribution 5,000.00
Buffalo Base Hospital Fund 100,000.00
Grand Total $2,000,089.89
Subsequently this total was increased somewhat by delayed subscriptions.
Buffalo's Part in the World War 103
CHAPTER XXXI
COAL SHORTAGE THROUGH WINTER OF 1917 1918
ON the 16th day of October, 1917, Albert H. Wiggin, Federal Fuel Administrator for New
York State, appointed Elliott C. McDougal of Buffalo, Federal Fuel Administrator for
Erie County. Mr. McDougal knew nothing about the fuel business and suggested that
it would be better to appoint an experienced Buffalo coal jobber who also was familiar with trans-
portation problems. He was told his suggestion was not in accordance with the policy of the
Government; that any material interest in the coal business would be considered a disqualifica-
tion for the office. He then accepted.
He appointed as his first deputy Mr. W. A. McDougal, who had enjoyed practical experience
in buying and using bituminous coal as a manufacturer and who was familiar with transportation
conditions and practices. Unfortunately the first deputy resigned his office and left the city
before the winter was well begun. The office of the Administrator for Erie County was opened
in the Prudential Building on October 27th, 1917, with a small force under charge of Miss M.
Kathryn Kelly as chief clerk. During the first few weeks the work was not heavy. Its three
principal branches were :
The procuring of bituminous coal for manufacturers and others who could not get supplies,
either because they had not made contracts, or because the dealers with whom they had made
contracts could not deliver the coal; furnishing coal for the City of Buffalo, for the pumping
station and other municipal uses, and supplying the public schools and other public offices where,
as a rule, anthracite coal was burned.
The Fuel Administrator undertook to procure hard coal for domestic consumption, many
householders being unable to get coal to heat their homes. During the first few weeks the orders
of this kind which the fuel office handled did not average more than forty per day.
The supervision and restriction of electric lighting in accordance with instructions and rulings
from Washington, which were frequently changed, was also handled from the Fuel Administra-
tor's office. That work was started on November 19, 1917. Controlling of electric lighting
brought with it many difficulties. Some of the regulations received from Washington either were
not well considered or were not applicable to Buffalo, but had to be enforced until they could be
amended or rescinded. While our citizens as a whole showed a disposition to obey the law, even
at a considerable sacrifice, there were a few persistent offenders who had to be disciplined by the
shutting off of their electric current before they could be brought to realize that the law must be
obeyed. In this work the office had the very best of co-operation from the Buffalo General Elec-
tric Company, which allowed two of its best men to be appointed deputy fuel administrators
that they might be able to give efficient assistance.
In connection with every one of these duties, the office was constantly called upon for rulings
and opinions, many of which questions had to be submitted to the State Fuel Administrator of
New York and by him in turn to Washington, causing delays which at times were damaging to
the questioners. The Erie County Fuel Administrator's office incessantly tried to impress upon
the State Fuel Administration that matters should be handled promptly as they came up and
that the office could not properly be run unless the Erie County Fuel Administrator was allowed
to use his common sense in ordinary matters and to act upon them at once without delay. It
was at first hard to get authority from Washington along these lines but in this respect the situa-
tion gradually improved.
Soon after the office was fairly under way the weather became very severe and continued so.
Because of the continued snow storms and extreme cold, the coal supply was less than one-half
of normal, while the consumption was greater than normal. Many domestic consumers, especially
those who lived from hand to mouth and made no provision for the future, became panic-stricken.
104 Buffalo's Part in the World War
About the middle of January the crowd of appHcants, which had been growing for some time,
became a mob which required the assistance of the police to keep in order. Women stood in Hne
for hours waiting for their turn for orders. The system of handling orders required that after
an application for coal had been made, the name should be sent to a police station and the house
visited by a police officer to be sure that the coal was actually needed. Then it was reported back
to the Fuel Administrator's office and the order issued. While this system worked fairly well
when orders were light, it caused great delay, confusion and hardship when orders were heavy.
The situation became so serious that at the suggestion of the Fuel Administrator Mayor Buck
called a conference at his office on January 20 at which were present Mayor Buck, Chief of Police
Girvin, representatives of miners and shippers, jobbers and men who controlled coal trestles,
other citizens, and the United States Fuel Administrator for Erie County. At that conference
it was decided that the Fuel Office would put clerks in every police station in the city so that appli-
cants for coal, instead of being obliged to come down town, could go to the police stations in their
own precincts. Chief Girvin said the police would promptly investigate the cases and report
back and that orders for coal could then go out immediately direct from the clerk at the police
station. The clerks were placed in the station houses on January 21, 1918. The record days for
orders were: .January 21, 22, 23, 24 and 25, on all of which days an average of about four thousand
a day was handled. Too much acknowledgment cannot be made of the splendid work of the
police during that time of stress. Their co-operation saved the situation. Without it the Fuel
Office would have been helpless.
For some time the weather continued severe. About the middle of February it had consider-
ably moderated. Then the Fuel Office commenced to reduce the forces at the station houses.
Next it closed two or three of the stations very near the downtown Fuel Administrator's office,
handling the orders from there. By the first part of March all of the stations were closed, and the
weather continuing mild and the coal supply improving, the applications dropped off fast. By
March 5, 1918, the office stopped issuing orders. By April 1 the main difficulties of the domestic
situation were over.
Bituminous coal still continued to be scarce, the situation having been aggravated by the fact
that on January 12, 1917, the Fuel Administration at Washington had ordered bituminous coal
diverted from Buffalo to Boston, which practically shut off the best sources of supply. We had
been short all the winter. This new order made the condition much worse.
Village and country districts suffered even more than Buffalo. While special deputy adminis-
trators were appointed to care for their needs, it was harder than in Buffalo to get coal delivered
on track ready for the local dealers to distribute. Many country stations waited weeks for the
one car of coal. (Continued in Chapter XLIX.)
Buffalo's Part in the World War 105
CHAPTER XXXII
PEACE PROPOSAL OF POPE BENEDICT XV
A MERiCA's entrance into the war, coupled with another event of world-wide importance in the
ZA early days of 1917 had given a new direction to the great struggle.
■*- -^-The development of the vast machinery of registration and selection, and the knowledge that
it was going to reach into the homes and draw therefrom the youth of the country, laid a check
upon the care-free indifference of the people. We no longer looked at Europe through the eyes
of a disinterested spectator. Buffalo fathers and mothers grew serious, and boys grew anxious.
The day of real sacrifices had arrived. As the draft boards sweltered through July, wrestling
with the intricacies of the selective service, and slowly solving its problems, Buffalonians focused
attention on the events in Europe. The entire nation was likewise engaged. Every mother,
every father, and sister and brother, every family which numbered a member in the draft, began
not unnaturally, to speculate on the possible duration of the war, possible extent of our partici-
pation, and the possible strength of the contending forces then engaged on the battle fronts of
Europe.
White Books and Blue Books had been written, telling the world from whence the war had
come. Red books could have been wi-itten telling of its toll. These books and manifestos had
not cleared the atmosphere, and the issue, to the American people, was still clouded and entangled.
Germany claimed to be fighting a defensive war, yet her agencies of war were agencies of bar-
barism, panoplied and equipped with all the inventions for the destruction of human life which
modern ingenuity could devise, and were running ruthlessly on sea and land.
France and England claimed to be fighting the cause of Democracy and freedom against autoc-
racy and military aggression; and yet, they were allied with the Government of Russia, an abso-
lute despotism, notorious throughout the world for its suppression of human rights and individual
liberties.
The first great event of 1917 was America's entrance into the war; the second was the over-
throw of the Russian autocracy. The moral handicap of trying to fight a war for freedom in
alliance with the chief enemy of freedom was removed when the government of the Czar fell.
England and France eventually lost an ally but gained a moral issue. The substantiality of the
Allies' claim to be fighting for Democracy was then established by America's participation, and
the declaration of President Wilson that our continuation in the war was to last until "all
the world was made safe for Democracy."
Those two events gave to the people a clearer knowledge of the issues of the war and the righte-
ousness of the Allies' cause. The people continued, however, to look with apprehension on the
changes that were taking place in the new Republic of Russia. Her weakening military strength
meant that America must contribute more than was at first expected. Fathers and mothers,
when the call came to their homes, gladly gave up their sons. It is needless to say they wished
it were otherwise, but they were willing to have their boys take their places with other boys, and
do their share. Mothers tearfully saw them go to the draft board headquarters to take their
physical examinations. Their hearts were breaking but they held their heads high. Women and
men prayed mightily in those days for a termination of the struggle.
At that time attention began to center on events transpiring at Berlin. During the month of
.July the German Chancellor Von Bethmann-Hollweg resigned and Michaelis came into office —
the first internal disturbance Germany experienced. It may or may not have been a real dis-
turbance. The Reichstag refused to vote the war credits until some time after Michaelis came
into office, but passed what became known as the Reichstag Resolutions of 1917. Some believed
that these internal troubles were occasioned by the war preparations going on in this country,
and the determination of America to have "force to the bitter end."
106 Buffalo's Part in the World War
The Pope apparently felt the time had arrived for peace. On August 15th His Holiness sent
a note to all the Powers, making a strong appeal to them to bring the war to a close on the basis
of mutual concessions. Despite the fact that Buffalo boys were then going through their physical
examinations for military service, and family ties were about to be severed, Buffalonians had
smelt the smoke of battle. No peace save the surrender of the Hohenzollern War Party would
be an acceptable peace. The whole country voiced that sentiment. It was not an easy decision;
but it was patriotic, and it was unmistakable. On August 27th, President Wilson replied* ex-
pressing the conviction that peace could not be negotiated with the then rulers of the German
people, and declining the Pope's invitation.
The peace proposal, which seemingly came at the most opportune moment presented up to that
time, being swept away, we turned again to war work. Food and fuel control systems became
operative. Hustle was the slogan of the draft boards. The call came for additional men to aug-
ment Pershing's force, and the people gradually but surely and irrevocably settled into the deter-
mination of irresistible war, no matter what its cost in money and men. The first of August found
the draft boards making their first physical examination. Before the end of the month, the quota
of each Buffalo board for the first call was ready. On August 29th the members of the boards in
Buffalo and Erie County received orders from Adjutant General Stotesbury to call five per cent,
of their first quota for entrainment on September 5th. This, the first order for induction of men
into the national army through the selective service system, naturally occasioned a general interest.
The number from each board was necessarily small. No local district sent more than 20 men
in that first call. Each board had 40 per cent, of its quota ready. Of course, it would have been
proper and possible to send the first men according to their draft number, but most of the boards
submitted the question to the men themselves, and in every board more than a sufficient number
volunteered to meet the call. There was always present in those days a possibility, in the minds
of the people at least, that something unforeseen might happen and end the war. Accordingly,
there was no particular desire on the part of any great number of the drafted men to leave for
camp. The national guardsmen, trained soldiers, were still here, and that fact created a question
in many minds as to whether or not the Government would need many drafted men. It is ap-
parent, therefore, that the original five per cent of selective service men who stepped forward to
make up the first contingent were in reality selective service volunteers. Information began to
filter through that, possibly, the Government wanted a small number at the camps for early
training as non-commissioned officers. And that, it later developed, was the reason for calling
a small number in advance of the first 40 per cent, of the contemplated army.
* In part President Wilson said in his reply to Pope Benedict XV:
"The object of this war is to deliver the free peoples of the world from the menace and the actual power of a vast military establishment con-
trolled by an irresponsible Government which, having secretly planned to dominate the world, proceeded to carry the plan out without regard
either to the sacred obligations of treaty or the long-established practices and long-cherished principles of international action and honor; which
chose its own time for the war; delivered its blow fiercely and suddenly; stopped at no barrier either of law or of mercy; swept a whole continent
within the tide of blood — not the blood of soldiers only, but the blood of innocent women and children also and of the helpless poor; and now
stands balked but not defeated, the enemy of four-fifths of the world. This power is not the German people. It is the ruthless master of the Ger-
man people. * * * To deal with such a power by way of peace upon the plan proposed by His Holiness the Pope would, so tar as we can see,
involve a recuperation of its strength and a renewal of its policy; would make it necessary to create a permanent hostile combination of nations
against the German people, who are its instruments; and would result in abandoning the new-born Russia to the intrigue, the manifold subtle inter-
ference, and the certain counter-revolution which would be attempted by all the malign influences to which the German Government has of late
accustomed the world. Can peace be based upon a restitution of its power or upon any word of honor it could pledge in a treaty of settlement
and accommodation ? * * * The test, therefore, of every plan of peace is this: Is it based upon the faith of all the peoples involved or merely
upon the word of an ambitious and intriguing Government, on the one band, and of a group of free peoples, on the other? This is a test which
goes to the root of the matter; and it is the test which must be applied * * * We cannot take the word of the present rulers of Germany as
a guarantee of anything that is to endure, unless explicitly supported by such conclusive evidence of the will and purpose of the German people
themselves as the other peoples of the world would be justified in accepting."
Buffalo's Part in the World War
107
CHAPTER XXXIII
GUARDSMEN SPEND SUMMER OF 1917 IN BUFFALO CAMP
ON June 26th, 1917, the First Ai-my Division of the American Expeditionary Forces arrived
in France. The news of the arrival abroad thrilled Buffalonians at home. National guards-
men immediately stirred about in anticipation of an early departure. The members of the
local regiments having had experience on the Mexican border viewed themselves, and we looked
upon them, as trained men of war. They were bronzed, carried their equipment in a soldierly
way, could keep step, and were experienced in the use of firearms. The average man of that
period possessed a thorough conviction that the members of the 74th Infantry, the 3d Artillery
and Troop I were then in complete readiness for front line fighting. All that remained, in the
judgment of the home folks, was a short training in the methods of trench warfare. The masses
were just hearing of gas masks, and steel helmets and trench mortars, of tanks, machine gun nests
and pill boxes. The guardsmen began to chafe at the task of guarding railroad bridges, elevators
and the like. They were looking for action.
Spring was rapidly merging into summer, draft boards were getting under way, and the new
national army was already discernible rising in the distance, when word was passed around that
•the entire National Guard was to be federalized. The thing of paramount importance there was
in the fact that federalizing meant overseas service. Many had believed that the "regulars"
would be sent overseas and the National Guard used in manning army posts here. Now the talk
veered to the guardsmen going overseas while the drafted men would man the home posts. Though
the order for federalization was expected about July 1st, it had not materialized at that time and
the guardsmen fell back to their guard duty assignment. Those not so assigned continued to
report at the local armories and secure leave from day to day.
On July 1st an accident at Niagara Falls brought the guardsmen into favorable prominence.
A stretch of earth south of the cantilever bridge on the line of the Gorge Railway at Niagara
Falls, just where the track slopes toward the Whirlpool Rapids, disintegrated and dropped a
Lompany 1, 74tn Kegiment, Mess Time at Kenilworth
Buffalo's Part in the World War 109
loaded trolley car into the river. Many were killed in the crashing of the car. Others were
drowned. Soldiers on guard at the bridge were the first to see the accident. A half dozen guards-
men hurriedly rendered assistance. Private Joseph Crowley of the 74th Infantry was first to
give aid to the survivors and engage in the work of rescue. He climbed over the upturned trucks
and into the shallow water where he dragged victims through a window and stood waist deep
holding two unconscious women above the water. He remained at his post until the rescuing
party could give assistance. Crowley was aided in the work by Private McCue and Corporal
Poison, all of whom were commended for distinguished service.
On July 10th, President Wilson issued the proclamation drafting the national guardsmen into
the army of the United States, and providing for their mobilization. The President fixed August
5th as the date on which all national guardsmen would be formally taken into the United States
service. Orders issued by the Governor* through Adjutant General Stotesbury provided for the
mobilization of the 3d Artillery and Troop I on July 12th. On the same day. General O'Ryan
issued orders! for the care of the armories after the departure of the old regiments. The 74th
Infantry had been federalized prior to that period, and the work was then directed to the con-
struction of a temporary camp until such time as the troops should be ordered to a national train-
ing camp. Considerable time was spent in recruiting work to bring the regiments up to full
strength, but it was not then very difficult to get men. The draft machinery was in motion.
Many Buffalo boys felt they would rather go with a Buffalo unit than into the army through the
selective service route. Accordingly the regiments filled rapidly. Members of the 3d Artillery
and of Troop I reported daily at their armories on Masten Street and Delavan Avenue respec-
tively. About August 1st a detachment from the 74th and another from the 3d Artillery were
named to go to Spartanburg to aid in preparing the camp for the guardsmen soon to be mobilized
into an army division at that point. A few days later, Captain Bradley Goodyear of the 3d Artil-
lery was detached and ordered to Fort Sill, Oklahoma, for a course in artillery training.
*STATE OF NEW YORK
The Adjutant General's Office Albany, July 12, 1917.
General Orders No. 35
I. The President of the United States, by virtue of the authority vested in him by the Constitution and Laws of the United States, having
called, through the Governor of the State of New York, into the service of the United States, as, of and from July 15th, 1917, all members of the
National Guard and all enlisted members of the National Guard Reserve of this State, who are not now in the service of the United States, except
members of Staff Corps and Departments not included in the personnel of tactical organizations and except such officers of the National Guard
as have been or may be specifically notified by his authority that they will not be affected by said call, and the Commanding General, Eastern
Department having designated the herinafter-mentioned organizations of the National Guard of this State, including the enlisted personnel of the
National Guard Reserve as included in said call, and having designated the hour, date and place of assembly pursuant to said call, as hereinafter
indicated, the Commanding General, New York Division, will cause the following organizations of the National Guard of this State to be assembled
at their respective armories for initial muster into the service of the United States on Monday, July 16. 1917, at 9 o'clock A. M., except those
organizations now engaged in guarding public utilities under orders of the Governor, which will "assemble at the same time and will be mustered at
the stations where now on duty, as hereinafter indicated, and except the 15th N. Y. Infantry and 4th N. Y. Field Hospital, which will be assembled
at the same time at Camp Whitman, N. Y., for initial muster, and which last two named organizations will be assembled at their respective home
stations on July 16. 1917, in ample time to arrive at Camp Whitman by 9 o'clock A. M. on that date.
II. All organizations assembled for initial muster under this order will have their company records and unserviceable property in immediate
readiness for inspection by mustering officer. Every effort will be made to prevent absentees from initial muster and to promote normal induction
into Federal service.
III. In accordance with memorandum from Headquarters Eastern Department, organizations assembled for initial muster under this order
at company, battalion or regimental armories are authorized to arrange for messing and sleeping such number of the men of their command stationed
at said armories as may be necessary outside of the armories. Under the same authority, commutation of ration at the rate of seventy-five cents
per day may be provided wherever troops cannot be messed in company or larger messes.
IV. Special Regulation No. 55. Mobilization of the National Guard, requires all Federal property in the State to be transferred to the United
States when the National Guard is called into Federal service. There are certain classes of property, however, that are not needed by the Federal
Government at this time, and such articles should not be brought into the United States service with the National Guard. No blue uniforms will
be transferred with organizations. No target material will be so transferred. If, in special cases, such material is needed, authority for transfer
will be granted. No Coast Artillery material (dummy armament, etc.) will be transferred. Every article of Federal property comprising the field
equipment fas shown by Circular No. 10, Militia Bureau, 1916) will be transferred to the United States. Prompt settlement by supply officers
with the State authorities of transfers of property to Federal service is imperative. All adjustments of property accountability will be made be-
tween the date of the call and date troops are moved to concentration camp. Attention is invited to General Orders No. 24, this office, dated
June 6, 1917.
By command of the Governor:
Official: Louis W. Stotesbury,
The Adjutant General.
tHEADQUARTERS NEW YORK DIVISION, NATIONAL GUARD
New York, July 12, 1917.
General Orders No. II
I. In accordance with telegraphic instructions of this date from the Adjutant General of the State, and pursuant to G. O. 35, A. G. O., 1917,
organizations of the National Guard will assemble at their several stations, as specified, preparatory to initial muster into the service of the United
States, on Monday, July 16. 1917, at 9 o'clock A. M. The provisions of Special Regulations No. 55, Mobilization of the National Guard, 1917,
will obtain.
II. Upon the assembly of organizations at armories, the guards there maintained will stand relieved from duty under State orders, as of July
15, 1917.
III. By direction of The Adjutant General, when armories are vacated by troops drafted into the service of the United States, Commanding
Officers of depot units will detail the appropriate number of their respective commands for the protection of armories, in accordance with G. O. 8,
D., 1917. (1116)
By Command of Major General O'Ryan.
Official: H. H. Bandholtz,
Lieut. Col., U. S. Infly., D. O. L., .■\eling Chief of Staff.
110 Buffalo's Part in the World War
On August 3d, Colonel Arthur C. Kemp, 74th Infantry, designated Company I to establish
a camp at the Kenilworth rifle range and begin the schooling of non-commissioned officers. Cap-
tain John H. Kneubel was placed in charge of the post. By August 14th all the companies of the
old 74th were encamped on the Kenilworth range. Practically all the men, including the out-of-
town boys got into camp on the evening of the 13th of August, in time to encounter a sweeping
rain storm. Their first night under canvas was a wet one.
Police Chief Martin and Sheriff Stengel swore in extra police officers to take up the work of
guarding elevators and munition plants, as the soldiers were withdrawn. The detachments from
Olean, Westfield, Jamestown, Tonawanda and other places where 74th boys had been on guard
moved to Kenilworth amid the plaudits of the people at various points along the route. Kenil-
worth soon became a city of tents. The 74th was there assembled as the 102d U. S. Infantry.
On August 18th information was given out at Washington that the 26th Division, composed of
New England guardsmen, and the 42d Division composed largely of New York City guardsmen,
prominent in which was the "Fighting Sixty-Ninth" — the New York Irish regiment — would
soon be sent to France. Buffalo had acquired a very intense interest in the 69th regiment by
reason of the fact that Captain William J. Donovan of Troop I had been promoted — commissioned
Major and assigned to the command of a battalion of the old 69th, renamed the 165th Infantry
and attached to the 42d "Rainbow Division." The news that guardsmen were going overseas
made the Buffalo men eager to get to their training camp at Spartanburg, and the days spent at
Kenilworth from that time on were anxious and dreary ones. Each day brought new hope for
the order to move. But day after day passed and the days became weeks, while Kenilworth
still held them. Up in the old 65th Armory, where the members of the 3d Artillery, soon to be-
come the 106th Field Artillery, were quartered, the same spirit of restlessness was shown. While
the draft board's work was rushed, and the governmental agencies for the creation of the selective
service army moved along with the speed of an airship, time hung heavily on the border-trained
troops of the New York National Guard at Kenilworth and in the Buffalo armories.
The monotony of camp life, however, found some interruptions. Frank B. Baird entertained
the officers and men of Buffalo Base Hospital Unit No. 23 at dinner at the Buffalo Club on the
evening of August 28th. The officers of the 74th and the 3d were also his guests on that occasion.
At the armories, chaplains and Y. M. C. A. workers filled in the days and hours with various forms
of amusement.
On August 29th Colonel Kemp received word to proceed to Spartanburg as soon as transpor-
tation could be furnished and Buffalo grew excited. The camps and armories began to crowd
up at all hours of the day with relatives and friends of the soldiers and the committees in charge
of farewell ceremonies became active. The Festival of Light and Song was held on August 31st.
On September 1st, Chairman Walter S. Goodale called his committee together to complete final
arrangements for the departure of the men. The Committee planned a fitting farewell parade
in which the entire city could participate. Colonel Kemp reported repeatedly at that time, the
inability of the regiment to secure transportation accommodations. The review of the regiment
by Mayor Fuhrmann and the members of the Council at the Country Club, after several post-
ponements, was finally held on Wednesday, September 5th.
Buffalo's Part in the World War 111
CHAPTER XXXIV
FESTIVAL OF LIGHT AND SONG— A FORMAL GOOD-BY
A UGUST 31, 1917, proved to be a bright summer day in Buffalo. When the shadows of night
/\ came on, a shght breeze off the lake drove away the last lingering heatwaves of the mid-
■*- -*- Summer sun and left us a balmy, cool, refreshing evening. The day had been set apart by
the City to give expression in a formal manner, with music and song, to the city's pride in her
citizen-soldiers, and extend to them a formal farewell.
The Little Meadow at Delaware Park, setting as it does a fairy garden amid the giant old trees
of Buffalo's beautiful breathing space, was illuminated on that particular night, in every nook and
corner, by innumerable though partly hidden and subdued lights. Buffalonians by the thousands
were scattered on the benches and on the grass under the trees. Every path leading to Little
Meadow was thronged with earnest citizens eager to extend the hand of fellowship to the depart-
ing soldiers. The night was cool and still, and, stepping lightly over the velvety lawn, the immense
audience, moving in almost reverent attention did not break the forest silence. The suiToundings
and the atmosphere in which the Festival was held added immeasurably to its success.
The evening's program had run through, the departing speech had been delivered, the
musical numbers had been rendered and the presentations had been made when the most impres-
sive feature of the evening's program, an added feature, was presented. A woman clad in
immaculate white stepped out on the platform, and the strains of the popular song of the hour,
"There's a Long, Long, Trail" broke the stillness of the woods. Her voice was clear and the
notes of her song floated over the night air and found a hundred echoes in the nooks and ravines
around the lake. When she concluded, fifty thousand voices acclaimed their appreciation of the
singer and her song. The singer was Mrs. George B. Barrell. She had planned the great ceremonial
had led the work from its inception, and, in the absence through illness of the soloist of the even-
ing, had herself stepped into the breach and completed the programme in a grandeur that had
not been anticipated. Thousands of soldiers stood up on the lawn and cheered again and again
and then all joined in —
THERE'S A LONG, LONG TRAIL
Nights are growing very lonely, All night long I hear you calling.
Days are very long. Calling sweet and low.
I'm a-growing weary only, Seem to hear your footsteps falling,
List'ning for your song. Ev'ry where I go.
Old remembrances are thronging thro ' my memory, Tho ' the road between us stretches many a weary mile,
Till it seems the world is full of dreams I forget that you're not with me yet,
Just to call you back to me. When I think I see you smile.
Chorus.
There's a long, long trail a winding,
Into the land of my dreams.
Where the nightingales are singing,
And a white moon beams.
There's a long, long night of waiting,
Until my dreams all come true;
Till the day when I'll be going down,
That long, long trail with you.
— Words by Sloddard Ki)ig. Music by Zo ElliotU
CITY CEREMONIAL— AUGUST 31, 1917.
Buffalo's tribute to her men and women, who, by the dedication of their lives to the
service of our country, bring honor to their City. — From Official Program.
112
Buffalo's Part in the World War
^m^^j/k'^^M:M^>^m^'. ''
W^':^"'^
•<^-v
#S'^>'ft
Saluting the Colors at Country Club Review
74th on March to Country Club for Final Review, September 10, 1917
Reviewing Party on Country Club Grounds— Fuhrmann, Kreinheder, Heald, Hill, Malone, Sweeney
Company E on Practice March at Kenilworth
Buffalo's Part in the World War 113
Song and Light was given as a tribute to the National Guardsmen. The spirit that prompted
the undertaking and guided the efforts of the Committee in charge was born of a desire that the
citizens of Buffalo might gather and give expression to the affection and family interest with
which they surrounded the men and women going out to represent Buffalo at the front; to affirm
together their faith in the righteousness of the cause, and their belief in the power of the Spirit of
Ciod to sustain our Arms in the mighty conflict. The program was planned and executed in the
hope that it might serve the people of the Community on such an occasion.
Mayor Fuhrmann issued a proclamation as follows:
"Buffalo is realizing more clearly every day the large part we are to play as a city in the carrying on of the war.
Our troops, our two regiments, the men soon to be called into the service, our naval militia, and the base hospital
unit, will represent us at the front, and it is fitting that as a community we should have the opportunity of
expressing our appreciation of the honor due these men and women, and of uniting in a farewell to them. The
President of the United States has himself expressed a desire that some appropriate recognition be accorded them,
and, in this desire, I am sure that all our citizens will concur. The evening of August .31st has been set apart for
such a civic ceremonial, to be held in Delaware Park. While it is to be regretted that, owing to military exigencies,
all of our troops may not be present, this should not prevent us from honoring those who are about to make such
great sacrifices for their country, and all citizens of Buffalo are urged to attend and participate, that those who
have gone and are going may feel the united support and affection of their home city."
The Little Meadow, with its broad expanse of lawn, completely surrounded, as it is, with trees,
was an ideal location for the ceremony. The platform for band, speakers. Community Chorus,
and a children's chorus of five hundred, was erected at the eastern end of the enclosure and was
the climax of the lighting plan. Against the background of trees, with the great wheel of light
in the centre and the many lanterns and screens of curious design and color combination on either
side, it was a beautiful picture. All about the Little Meadow in the trees hung great lanterns
some eight and ten feet high, of Mr. Bragdon's design and through the Park from Lincoln Parkway
and Rumsey Road, hundreds of small .Japanese lanterns served as guides on the pathways lead-
ing to the scene of the Ceremony.
The regiments marched into the park from different directions, and were seated, at the request
of their Commanding Officers, on the ground, in a space reserved for them, directly in front
of the platform.
Excerpts* from Buffalo newspapers of the following day give an excellent impression of the
evening. An account, however, would be incomplete without speaking of the ready and splendid
cooperation met with during the days of preparation and carrying-out of the plans. Members of
the Park, Police, and Fire Departments and of the City Bureau of Weights and Mea.sures were
untiring in their assistance; the Red Cross and many firms of the city carried the hundreds of
*THE FIRST PAREWELIx— From Buffalo Enquirer
Nu more impressive scene was ever witnessed in Buffalo than that last night when upwards of 50,000 men, women, and children participated in
the program at Delaware park in honor of those citizens who are soon to leave to accept roles in the great drama that is being enacted across
the Atlantic. Seated on the ground in a section reserved for them, the regiments of infantry and artillery, the hospital units and the Red Cross
nurses heard and saw the great patriotic demonstration which they will carry with them as long as they live. It was a scene never to be forgotten.
SONG AND LIGHT MAKE FAIRYLAND OF PARK MEADOW— From Buffalo Express
A full moon climbing through heavy clouds gave the final touch of splendor to a setting which made the meadow a fairyland and won success
for the City Ceremonial of Song and Light at Delaware Park last night. There was a touch of awed surprise in the attitude of the great crowd
that filled the meadow to overflowing when the first note of music burst forth and song and light became a harmonious whole.
Paths between the trees were transformed into lantern-lined vistas. The lanterns beckoned everywhere. They pointed the way for the throngs
that flowed through every entrance toward the glowing center of the celebration.
The 74th infantry, the 3rd artillery, and the base hospital unit faced the dark green wall of the trees before which rose in a profusion of light
and color the stand for members of the Community Chorus. All the women were in white, while in front, below the rostrum upon which Director
Harry Barnhart directed the accompaniment and chorus, were grouped the children.
+ + +
The police attempted to estimate the size of the crowd, but estimates were futile. * * * There may have been .50,000 people. It was the biggest
crowd that ever attended a public celebration in Buffalo
* * *
Colonel Arthur Kemp of the 74th infantry, in accepting the kits for his men and thanking the Red Cross for them, said; "These kits will be a
constant reminder of this great farewell and will bring back the God Bless You of Mayor Fulirmann as given to-night in behalf of the whole city."
FAREWELL TO KHAKI-CLAD SOLDIER BOYS— From Buffalo Commercial
When 3,000 soldiers of Buffalo's various military units marched out of Delaware Park last night they carried with them the cheers and well
wishes of 60,000 persons who had come to the park to witness the song and light festival arranged as a farewell to the boys in khaki. Last night's
celebration — the largest attended of any public affair in Buffalo — was splendidly staged and successful in every detail.
The meadow and paths surrounding were tilled to overflowing. 'There was that hesitancy that marks the step in the dark. For once the bois-
terous laughter was stilled; the character of the entertainment seemed to strike the thousands — leaving them silent and awed.
BUFFALO HAS REASON TO BE PROUD— From Buffalo Times
None who participated in the ceremony of light and song at the Little Meadow in Delaware Park last night will ever forget the beauty, splendor
and the patriotism of the occasion. It was a magnificent spectacle, artistically arranged and consummated by an outpouring of more than 60,000
people, who with cheers and songs showed their love and loyalty to the flag and its defenders. Affairs of that kind will leave their imprint alike
on soldier and civilian and Buffalo has reason to be proud of the occasion and above all they are proud, as they showed last night, of the boys in
whose honor it was held.
{Continued on page 113.)
114
Buffalo's Part in the World War
Buffalo Bids Good-By to Old 74th Regiment. Through Lanes of Cheering Thousands the Troops Marched Away
Upper — Mayor Fuhrmann is shown at the head of the hne; next, Councilmen Heald, Hill. Kreinheder, Malone, from left to right;
Councilman Heald is shown waving his hand. Colonel Arthur Kemp, Adjutant Ralph K. Robertson and staff
Lower — The 74th Regiment off to war
Buffalo's Part in the World War 115
children to and from rehearsals and the performance itself; the Albright Art Gallery allowed the
Court to be used for the children's practising; and the Boy Scouts assumed full charge of the seating
arrangements and ushering. It would be impossible to mention individually all those who gave
of their time and energy, but an enthusiastic response to all requests for help was unfailing from
everyone approached and all were eager to contribute and have some share in the city's God-
speed to her sons and daughters.
The Committee directly in charge consisted of Mrs. Chauncey J. Hamlin, Miss EfRe Burns,
Mrs. George B. Barrell, Mrs. Henry Ware Sprague, Mrs. Walter P. Cooke, Mrs. A. -J. Elias,
Mrs. William Moncrieff and Mrs. William A. Morgan. Following is the official program:
"I See America go Singing to Her Destiny" Walt Whitman
Buffalo Community Chorus Buffalo Park Band Children's Chorus
Fanfare Harry Barnhart, Conductor Claude Bragdon, Master of Lights
Military March — "America" Francis MacMillm
Buffalo Park Band
"America" — Everybody sing
Invocation— Rev. John C. Ward, Chaplain 74th Regiment
"Hail, Bright Abode" Wagner
Chorus and Band
Address by the Hon. Louis P. Fuhrmann
Band Number— "Cortege du Serdare" Ippolitov Iwanov
New Hymns of the People:
"March! March!" Farwell
"Our America" Stetson
"These Things Shall Be" Griffes
"New Hymn to Free Russia" Gretchaninow
Chorus and Band
Presentation of American Flag by Mrs. John Miller Horton, Regent, Buffalo Chapter,
N. S. D. A. R. to the Base Hospital Unit 23, U. S. A.
Presentation of Comfort Kits by Ansley Wilcox on behalf of the Buffalo Chapter,
American Red Cross, to Members of the 3rd Field Artillery, the 74th Regiment and
the Naval Militia.
• Acceptance by Col. Kemp for the 74th Regiment, by Col. Howland for the 3d
Field Artillery and Lieut. Bailey for the Naval Militia.
Community Singing
"The Heavens Are Telling The Glory of God" Haydn
Double Trio, Chorus and Band
"Ave Maria" Bach-Gounod
tMary Ward Prentiss
(a) "Spring Song" Riibenstein
(6) "Lullaby" Stetson
(c) "The Red, White and Blue".
Children's Chorus
"Pilgrim's Chorus" Wagner
Community Chorus and Band
"Hallelujah Chorus" — (from "The Messiah") Handel ■
Benediction— Rev. Walter F. Fornes, Chaplain 3d Field Artillery
"STAR spangled banner"
♦BUFFALO'S benediction— From The News
The "Little Meadow", Delaware park, last evening was the scene of a gathering unique in Buffalo's history— an inspiring and unforeettable
event — a festival of light and song.
Conceived in the spirit of affection and pride in our soldier boys, its proponents witnessed the consummation of their desires— the tangible
whole-hearted expression of the community's love and faith in our boys who are soon to go forth to fight for the loftiest ideals that ever entered
the mind of man.
Well and aptly chosen was the designation "Festival of Light and Song." Light is the symbol of truth: it is the torch of liberty
And It is to uphold these principles— to establish truth and to intensify the love of liberty— that our boys have pledged themselves in the name
oi the Nation.
The "Festival of Light and Song"! * * *
Wondrously carried out was the idea and a more inspiring and thrilling event, or one so full of deep feeling and meaning was never experienced
by the community.
To the boys who wore the uniform of service the gathering signified consecration to duty.
To us it was as if we stood mentally and spiritually with uncovered heads as our boys go forth, bidding them Godspeed in their task
It was Buffalo s benediction on her fighting sons.
tOwing to illness at the last moment, Mrs. Prentiss was unable to sing and Mrs. Barrel! sang "The Long. Long Trail" The Audience and
Chorus joined in singing the refrain.
Buffalo's Part in the World War
ll'i
CHAPTER XXXV
NATIONAL ARMY OF THE UNITED STATES
Wednesday night, September 3d, 1917, the foundation men of the great national army
left Buffalo — five per cent from each exemption district. From every corner of the city
they assembled, surrounded by a cheering throng of relatives and friends as they prepared
for the march to the station. The city committee provided an escort headed by mounted police and
including a platoon of city firemen, the Home Defense Regiment, and the Police Reserves. Regi-
mental bands took their allotted places in the line, and early evening saw the procession in motion
down Main Street toward the railroad stations. Immense banners indicating that the ceremony
was in honor of the departure of the first increments of The National Army waved at the head
of the line. Chief Martin filled the post of grand marshal, and the members of the Council,
headed by Mayor Fuhrmann, marched at the head of the escort. Along the route to the trains
bombs were exploded high in the air and colored fire illuminated the route; crowds pressed from
the walks into the streets, passed the cordon of police, some to slap the soldier boys on the back,
wish them luck, imparting instructions which ran the gamut from "Take Berlin!" to "Bring
back the Kaiser's whiskers!"
Along the lines from the prancing horses of the mounted police in the van to the loiterers and
stragglers at the end, floated the Stars and Stripes. Soldiers on the sidewalks stood at attention
as the flags went by and civilians doffed their hats. We had all learned in that day to reverently
salute the flag. It was dearer to us then as we saw it amid the storm clouds of war than it ever
was back in the days of peace. Theretofore it had meant simply a token of our right to life, liberty
and the pursuit of happiness; the emblem of American institutions and citizenship. On that
Scene at a Draft Board Headquarters When Boys Were About to Leave
118
Buffalo's Part in the World War
Old 65th Regiment Getting Under Way
Packing up equipment at Armory grounds
Loading gun carriages on cars in railroad yards
Buffalo's Part in the World War 119
trying day, when the first contingent of Buffalo boys was marching away, all recognized that
the flag had taken on a new significance. It was now a symbol of service. Men and women of
Buffalo knew then the boys would have to march behind its folds and sleep beneath its sentinel
stars on shell-torn fields. The throng along the line of march did not cheer. They were criticised
the next day by the newspapers for their lack of enthusiasm. But their hearts were heavy. They
were proud of those boys, but they idealized the horrors of war. Accordingly, they were silent.
All had read the President's letter* to the new soldiers.
The sun was sinking across the river as they gathered that day to see the boys off, and in the
growing dusk it was not difficult to visualize the training camp — France — the trenches — the
battlefields — the heroic sacrifices — the supreme sacrifice! It was not surprising that the people
did not cheer when the boys were leaving. The bands struck up the "Old Grey Mare," and
other catchy tunes of the hour, and the marchers put a "punch" into the parade.
As they neared the train sheds they sang; "We Won't Come Back 'Till It's Over Over There. "
Most people tried to be merry. But as the youngsters boarded the train mothers and sisters — •
and fathers — wept. They may have shed tears of regret; perhaps they shed tears of pride and
of glory. But they shed tears. The members of the draft boards marched at the head of their
respective contingents. The station reached, they began calling the roll. Police tried to keep
the passenger areas clear of the crowd. But the mothers demanded the last farewell, and no
patrolman in the immense platoon of police — to their honor be it said — had the heart to deny
them that right. Finally the board members, hopped from the trains, perspiration trickling from
under their hat bands. Trainmen shouted, the crowd was pushed and hauled back and forth,
bands were playing "America", and boys and mothers were still exchanging from car windows
their good bye caresses as the heavy trains pulled out of the station. Buffalo had sent away its
first contingent to the National Army of the United States, bound for Camp Dix, N. J. It was
an historic day.
Soon, however, scenes of that character became a common occurrence. Neighborhood celebra-
tions were held as the various draft contingents departed. Banquets were given in many instances
to the departing men. Knitting societies and relief associations equipped the boys with kits,
sweaters, caps, scarfs and socks. On September 26th, more than 2,000 boys were sent away. And
gradually it became a monthly affair. The departure of the big colored contingent was the occa-
sion for an immense parade and a banquet at St. Stephen's Hall, arranged by the Rev. Henry
A. Mooney and a committee of the draft board members with -James A. Ross as Chairman.
Speeches were made by public officials and prominent colored citizens. Parades and dinners,
aerial bombs and red fire illuminated the occasion. No contingent left Buffalo without a good-by
celebration of some sort.
*"To the soldiers of the national army: You are undertaking a great duty. The heart of the whole country is with you. Everything that you
■do will be watched with the deepest interest and with the deepest solicitude, not only by those who are nearer and dearer to you, but by the whole
nation besides. For this great war draws us all together, makes us all comrades and brothers, as all true Americans felt themselves to be when we
first made good our national independence.
'*The eyes of all the world will be upon you because you are in some special sense the soldiers of freedom. Let it be your pride therefore, to
show all men everywhere not only what good soldiers you are, but also what good men you are, keeping yourselves fit and straight in everything
and pure and clean through and through. Let us set for ourselves a standard so high that it will be a glory to live up to it, and then let us live up
to it and add a new laurel to the crown of America. My affectionate confidence goes with you in every battle and every test. God keep and guide
you. — WooDROw Wilson."
120
Buffalo's Part in the World War
t. /^A
\^r.
When Orders Came to Leave for Spartanburg
Old 74th boys cheering the glad news of their departure
Breaking camp, preparatory to departure
Buffalo's Part in the World War 121
CHAPTER XXXVI
AMID CHEERS AND TEARS GUARDSMEN LEAVE HOME
A UGUST had given way to September and the falhng leaves announced the coming of Winter
l\ before the old guardsmen finally boarded the cars for Spartanburg. On September 22d at
-*■ -*- Kenilworth Field the 74th marched in its last Buffalo review. Brig. General George C.
Fox, General Edgar B. Jewett, Lieut. Colonel Edmund P. Cottle, Maj. Lee H. Smith and
August Schneider, who held the post of drum major for more than twenty-five years, were in
the reviewing stand. Another mass meeting for a demonstration of loyalty, with Job Hedges as
the principal speaker, several parades, and plenty of red fire, served to fill in the time through
the latter part of September until the soldiers departed.
After weeks of waiting, and innumerable hours of preparation by the farewell committee, the
order finally came to the 3d Artillery Regiment to get under way. All the committee's plans
went a-glimmering. The regiment was under way during the night of the 24th of September.
Trucks rattled down Michigan Avenue to the Erie Station through the night, carrying equipment
and supplies. No time was given for a formal parade nor did the people have an opportunity to
say good-by.* The first section left early on the morning of September 25, and by one o'clock
of that day the last section pulled away from Buffalo. Sirens on the fire tugs sounded their screech-
ing farewells. Mayor Fuhrmann shook hands with Captain P. J. Keeler, in charge of the last sec-
tion, and the regiment, destined to participate in the gi'eat barrages which finally swept the
German Army across the Meuse, was rattling over the ties toward Spartanburg.
Buffalo erected a towering monument of well wishes for her soldiers in the old 74th Regiment
of Infantry when finally, on Saturday, September 29th, they left their home city en route to the
western battlefront via Spartanburg, France and Belgium. Denied the opportunity to do honors
to the Artillery boys, Buffalonians showered their well-wishes on the Infantry Regiment. Factory
whistles, fire tug sirens and church bells joined in the tumult of sound which announced their
departure. They marched down Main Street through lanes of thickly packed, sad-eyed, thou-
sands. Buffalo had never before tendered such a demonstration to civilians or soldiers. The
ceremony began in the early hours of the morning and lasted long into the afternoon when
the last section of the train pulled out of the Lehigh Valley yards leaving heavy hearted
thousands with nothing but the memory of khaki-coated marchers and tousled heads poked
from car windows.
It was estimated that more than 300,000 people thronged the streets along the line of march.
The crowds began to assemble as early as eight o'clock, at which time the 74th men had been
ordered to report at the armory, having spent their last night in Buffalo at home. Ropes strung
along the curbs in front of the armory kept back the crush of thousands. At 9.30 the shrill call
of the bugle sent the men scurrying into their company rooms to emerge a few minutes later
with their marching equipment and packages. At 9.45 o'clock the regimental band gave a con-
cert and the various companies formed on the main drill floor.
Every man was there and the loyal guardsmen were proud of it for their voices lifted in the bars
of " Hail, Hail, the Gang's all Here — What the Hell do we Care Now. " There was little of pathos
there then. That came later.
Shortly before 10 o'clock Chaplain .lohn C. Ward delivered a brief invocation and the men in
*"It is unfortunate that the movement of the 3d artillery comes so unexpectedly that nothing in the way of an official send-olT can be arranged.
The regiment will move so irregularly that it will be almost impossible even for the citizens to line the streets and give the boys a cheer.
"The regiment will slip out of Buffalo and the vast majority will know nothing about it. War is a coldly businesslike proposition nowadays.
Regiments leave their home stations for the front with little or no excitement on the part of the populace. An unsentimental war office has abolished
gold lace, buliioned epaulettes and brilliant uniforms. Even the inspiriting colors have been abandoned.
"But hearts still beat fast, and this going away to war is the stirring thing it has always been. There are the pangs of parting, the unspoken
curse against the thing that drives a great free people into bloody arms; the hope they'll all come back and the wish that they'll acquit them-
selves well and obtain their share of glory. We'd like to believe those guns of the Third will never be called on to speak their message of death
and destruction, but this seems a wish doomed to unfulfillment. Our hope is then that the regiment does its duty well. We feel sure it will. All
Buffalo will be waiting, watching, hoping brave things from her boys "over there." — Buffalo Commercial, September 24,1917.
122
Buffalo's Part in the World War
Off to War
Old 74th marching from their armory for the last time
First Battalion moving out
Buffalo's Part in the World War 123
khaki stood reverently with bowed heads. "Oh God. give us strength to serve Thee as soldiers
of freedom," said the little chaplain.
Then Col. Arthur Kemp, commanding; Lieut. Col. William R. Pooley, and staff marched out
of the armory preceded by 200 members of the 74th Regiment Veterans ' Association and followed
by the regiment. With salvo after salvo of cheers breaking from the crowds assembled along
Prospect Park, the men marched over Connecticut Street to Prospect, thence to the Circle at
Richmond Avenue where they were met by Grand Marshal .John Martin, Mayor Fuhrmann,
Councilmen Charles M. Heald, Charles B. Hill, Arthur W. Kreinheder and John F. Malone,
with the escort made up of firemen, police officers, home guardsmen, volunteer police patrolmen,
the G. A. R. and various fraternal and other bodies in uniform.
Shortly after eight o'clock the marching organizations gathered at the Circle and long before
the time set to start the parade several thousand men had assembled at the points designated
by the grand marshal. In front of the First Presbyterian Church Colonel Herbert I. Sackett
formed his Home Defense Corps. About 1,000 men were in this section in their natty grey uni-
forms. Major E. C. Shoemaker was in command of the first battalion, Captain Edward L. Jung
led the second battalion, Captain Knight Neftel was at the head of the third battalion and Captain
Harry S. Johnson led the battalion composed of companies from East Aurora, Depew, Tonawanda
and two companies from the east side.
G. A. R. members formed in line on the Porter Avenue side of the Circle.
City firemen, about 500 strong, formed at the Jersey Street firehouse and marched around the
Circle to their position in the line, Chief Bernard J. McConnell commanding.
Knights of St. John, in full dress uniform, led by Colonel John L.Schwartz followed the Knights
Templar and Scottish Rite Consistory, led by George K. Staples and William H. Ellis. A number
of uniformed bodies were in that division.
The policemen were at the head of the line and they formed the first division at North and
Main Streets. At a few minutes after ten o'clock Grand Marshal John Martin gave the word to
start. The parade moved out rapidly and in splendid formation.
The Circle had been a busy place that morning. People in hundreds gathered there at an
early hour. Lawns were trampled down in North Street by the surging multitude.
In Main Street the crowd was indescribable. Atop buildings, hanging perilously out of win-
dows, hectoring the police along the curb lines — the thousands waved flags, handkerchiefs and
wafted good-bys.
The committee appointed to arrange the farewell demonstration was composed of the fol-
lowing:
Mayor Louis P. Fuhrmann, chairman; Councilman Charles M. Heald, Councilman Arthur W.
Kreinheder, Councilman John F. Malone, Gen. Edgar B. Jewett, Albert H. Adams, Patrick H.
Cochrane, Daniel W. Emerling, Howard A. Forman, Dr. Francis E. Fronczak, Dr. Walter S.
Goodale, Chief John Martin, Chief Bernard J. McConnell, Enerio Randaccio, Herbert I. Sackett,
George K. Staples, Daniel J. Sweeney, Col. John L. Schwartz, Major N. E. Turgeon, Moses
Wallens, Albert B. Wright.
ORDER OF PARADE
Mounted police. Grand marshal. Chief of Police John Martin; Aides to grand marshal. Dr.
Walter S. Goodale and Daniel J. Sweeney; Mayor Louis P. Fuhrmann and Councilmen Charles
M. Heald, Charles B. Hill, Arthur W. Kreinheder, John F. Malone; Park Band.
Division No. 1 — Major Newton E. Turgeon, marshal, uniformed police department, uni-
formed fire department, police reserve.
Division No. 2 — Albert B. Wright, marshal; Knights Templar; Scottish Rite Consistory;
Knights of St. John; miscellaneous uniformed bodies.
Division No. 3 — Captain Herbert I. Sackett, marshal; Home Defense Corps.
Division No. 4— Albert H. Adams, marshal; Grand Army of the Republic.
Division No. 5 — 74th Regiment, Col. Arthur Kemp, commanding.
124 Buffalo's Part in the World War
The battalions were up to the standard of recruiting and were commanded by: 1st, Major
Minnis; 2d, Major Gibson; 3d, Major Wood; headquarters company. Captain Robertson, com-
manding; machine gun squad, Captain Branch; supply company, Captain Hubbell; sanitary
corps. Major Beebe. Dr. Arthur C. Schaefer Deputy Health Commissioner of Buffalo and a
captain on the headquarters staff was chosen sanitary officer at Spartanburg.
Buffalo's Part in the World War
125
CHAPTER XXXVII
GEORGE S. BUCK, WAR MAYOR 1918-1919.
THROUGH the summer of 1917 Buffalo, like her sister American cities, was involved in war
work to such an extent that local affairs were wholly subordinated. Every man, woman and
child was doing his or her "bit" toward winning the war. Attention locally was centered
on the munition plants and the farms. However, we were approaching another municipal elec-
tion. No matter how earnest and exciting were the war work campaigns, the political struggle
lost none of its attractive power. Not only the men, but the women, were eager for political
E. B. Holmes Selling First War Savings Stamp to Mayor George S. Buck
combat; the men concerned in the mayoralty election, and the women absorbed in the campaign
for the extension of suffrage to the women of New York State, which happily ended in a decisive
victory for them.
Louis P. Fuhrmann had had two terms as Mayor — eight years. His friends enthused over the
prospect of another election. He had neither asked nor given quarter in the bitter political battle
for the commission form of government two years previously, and the adoption of the new charter
was particularly a personal defeat for him. When the time for nominations in the late months
of 1917 rolled around, however, there seemed to be an exceptionally strong demand for his re-
nomination. A committee of citizens of various political affiliations, headed by William E. Robert-
son, a former president of the Chamber of Commerce, called on the Mayor and urged him to
become a candidate for renomination. That may have been part of a political play or political
126 Buffalo's Part in the World War
program, but whether it was or not, it gave expression to a genuine sentiment in business circles,
and surely was expressive of what we called "observable public opinion."
So strong was the demand for Mayor Fuhrmann's renomination, that a number of prominent
business men who were approached by political antagonists of the Mayor, declined to listen to
the suggestion that they become candidates against him.
Finally, the opposition forces turned to George S. Buck, County Auditor, and Mr. Buck
agreed to become a candidate for Mayor. Of course, the new charter provided that partisan-
ship should be eliminated from the city government, and candidates were assumed to be entirely
removed from partisan designation. It was well known, however, that Mayor Fuhrmann would
have the support generally of Democratic party men, while Mr. Buck would have the support
of the Republican party men, or those among them in each case who supported candidates on
party affiliation.
George S. Buck was considered a good candidate though not a particularly strong one. He
had been re-elected County Auditor two years before by scarcely one hundred majority. He
was a young man, however, fearless in the discharge of his duties in the county office, fair-minded,
just, and wholly without prejudice. He had no smell of smoke in his official garments. He had
played the game square with all men; had never taken unfair advantage of any political associ-
ate or opponent, and never sought his personal advancement over the ruined reputation of others.
He was conceded to be a clean, decent candidate, but was not generally looked upon as possess-
ing the personal popularity or the aggressive qualities which would make him a formidable oppo-
nent of Mayor Fuhrmann. A. .J. Elias, successful business man, without any particular organiza-
tion support, also entered the field.
Another factor entering into the 1917 election was the increasing strength of the Socialist
Party movement. Franklin P. Brill became a candidate, backed by the members of that party.
The Socialist element had been augmented by those who desired to register a protest against the
war, and the supporters of candidate Brill were listed generally as being in a large measure the
pacifistic element of the community. Of course, many of the Brill supporters were out and out
Socialists who had been such prior to the war, but they numbered not to exceed 3,000, while his
vote at the primaries exceeded 14,000.
No candidate had a party column or party emblem on the official ballot, but though unde-
signated the candidates wei-e not untagged, and the voting public knew the party alignment of
each. Mayor Fuhrmann polled upward of 17,000 votes in the primaries; Mr. Buck 14,600 and
Mr. Brill 14,200. Mr. Elias polled something over 6,000 and the balance of the votes were blank
or scattering. The two receiving the highest number of votes were declared the nominees to con-
test for the office at the regular election in November.
The campaign was not unlike other political campaigns of preceding years with this one excep-
tion— the soldiers were authorized to vote at their various camps. The National Guard Units
were then at Spartanburg. The sailors, for the most part, were at the Great Lakes Training
Station. Camps Dix and Upton held many selective service boys from Buffalo. The campaign,
while particularly active in Buffalo, was none the less active about the camps, but it all ended
with a general reversal of the surface sentiment prevalent at its start. On election day George
S. Buck was chosen Mayor by upward of 10,000 plurality.
Councilman .John F. Malone who was on the ticket for re-election and who was of the same
political party as Mayor Fuhrmann, withstood the tide that was running against his ticket
and was re-elected by a substantial plurality.
Mayor Buck went into office on January 1, 1918. He took the oath in the Council Chamber
on New Year's Day before an enthusiastic audience which packed the chamber. Flowers were
everywhere about the hall, and the new Mayor, indeed, had a throng of well-wishers and a host
of supporters from all walks of life about him, as he set out on his mayoralty career.
In his inaugural address he laid down concisely and clearly his plan of action. In brief, he
promised a clean city; and, for his own part, equal and exact justice to all men, no matter what
Buffalo's Part in the World War 127
creed, color or party affiliation. In the year and a half that has elapsed between his entrance
into office and this publication, Mayor Buck has adhered religiously to that promise. Some of the
days have been exceptionally dark and cloudy, and he has encountered no end of storms. Support-
ers have fallen away from him and undoubtedly new friendships have been formed. The wheel
of politics never ceases to grind, and not infrequently the friends of yesterday become the enemies
of to-day, and vice versa. But no one at this period would venture to say that the Mayor failed
in the slightest in the promises he made in the Council Chamber on that New Year's Day.
Though Buffalonians were then thoroughly saturated with the needs of the war. Mayor
Buck's first message* contained only a slight reference to it. American soldiers had not entered
into combat, but many Buffalo boys were then in training overseas with the First and Second
Army Divisions, composed of regulars, and with the 42nd Division to which Maj. William J.
Donovan was attached, and the camps were I'apidly filling up with Buffalonians who were soon
to see hard service.
*We have every reason to be proud of the part that Buffalo has played in the service of the country. We sent troops to the Mexican border in
numbers far in excess of our share. Our people have responded splendidly to every call to duty since the nation took up its share of the burdens
of the great war. We go about our daily routine so peacefully that it is hard for us to realize that Buffalo is a strategic point of great importance.
Its shipping facilities by water and by land are arteries for the movement of precious supplies. There is no harm in speaking of this for the enemy
knows it, but it is important that our people realize the situation and be prepared to co-operate with the federal government in any measures
it may deem necessary to protect our water front, our factories and tiur railroads from damage by the enemy.
While the war has added heavily to our burdens and our problems, it has brought with it this compensation. I believe there never was a spirit
of helpfulness and willingness to co-operate as exists among our citizens to-day. The growth of this spirit nas been most marked, and combined
with all the wonderful natural advantages which the people of this city possess I believe there never was a time when we could look forward with
greater hopefulness to the future than at present. Let us congratulate ourselves that we are Buffalonians.
128 Buffalo's Part in the World War
CHAPTER XXXVIII
FORT PORTER PLAYS ITS PART IN WORLD WAR
FORT Porter is located between Massachusetts and Connecticut Streets on the north and
south, and Front Street and Niagara River on the east and west. It is situated on a sixty
foot bluff at the northeast end of Lake Erie, where the lake opens into its outlet, the Niagara
River and toward the Canadian Shore. The reservation covers about 28J/2 acres and is practically a
continuation on the north of one of Buffalo's Parks, "The Front."
Fort Porter was named in honor of General Peter B. Porter, a distinguished volunteer officer
in the war of 1812, Secretary of War in 1828, and at one time part owner of Niagara Falls.
The early history of Fort Porter is nebulous but, so far as known, it has never been the scene
of a siege or battle. After the fall of Fort Erie on the Canadian side and after the battle of Lundy's
Lane in 1814, American troops were encamped near the present post site. After the Patriot War
(1837) in Canada, troops were stationed in a neighboring portion of Buffalo for about six years.
In 1841 a governmental appropriation of $50,000 was made for the purchase of grounds for a
defensive works near Buffalo and the present reservation was obtained partly by such purchase
and partly by various small cessions from the State of New York.
Up to 1861 Fort Porter was under the jurisdiction of the Corps of Engineers with an ordnance
sergeant, or other suitable person, in charge but in August of that year the Secretary of War
designated it as a volunteer rendezvous, and the second Buffalo Regiment, under General Bidwell
and an Artillery Company under Major Weidrick were the first volunteer organizations here
assembled. From that time on throughout the Civil Wai', the reservation was used as a military
camp for the collection, organization and instruction of volunteers.
In 1866 the post was in process of abandonment, when the "Fenian Raid" of that year brought
troops to Buffalo, and Fort Porter dates its charter as a permanent garrisoned post from that
time.
After 1869 the Fort was used as an infantry post until this country entered the World War.
At that time there was a detachment of the 22nd Infantry on the post assigned there to do guard
duty. During the months of June, July and August, 1917, all New York State candidates, with
the exception of those from New York City, were examined at Fort Porter for the 2d Officers'
Training Camp. Lieutenant John H. Baker, who was the Commander of the Post, was in charge
and Captain John G. Stove was the Chief Medical Officer.
During that summer the people of Buffalo were greatly interested in the idea of a Hospital
Unit being organized, consisting wholly of local men and this was realized when Base Hospital 23
was mobilized at Fort Porter on August 21, 1917, under the command of Major Marshall Clinton.
Three other hospital units were organized at Fort Porter while Base Hospital 23 was still at
the post. They mobilized on November 12th. They were Unit A from Philadelphia, with Major
John A. Jopson commanding; Unit F from New York City, with Major L. K. Noft' commanding;
Unit K from Omaha with Major Donald Macrae Jr. commanding. Unit F left Fort Porter on
January 7, 1918, and three days later the other two units followed all bound for overseas.
Fort Porter officially became U. S. Army General Hospital No. 4 on November 10, 1917, with
Major Thomas D. Woodson commanding. Only medical and surgical cases were treated for the
first few months but on February 28, 1918, the first psychiatric cases were received, being 22 in
number. During the rest of the year there was a gradual increase in the number of cases each
month. The total number of admissions for the first year was 1062 and the number of discharges
was 835. The discharges were either to the homes of the patients or to a government institution.
The hospital had now become a special institution for the cai'e of psychiatric and nervous cases
although medical and surgical cases were still treated at the post hospital. Extensive alterations
had been made in the old barracks building to fit it for the proper care of psychiatric patients.
Buffalo's Part in the World War 129
The old squad-rooms were made into wards and the apparatus for the treatment of such cases
was installed. In caring for the patients all available means, of a surgical, medical and hydro-
therapeutic nature, were used in order to improve their condition and hasten their recovery. The
doctors assigned here to treat these patients were men who had had from ten to fifteen years' ex-
perience in State Hospitals caring for psychiatric cases.
Besides these medical officers and the experienced attendants there was a very efficient staff
of nurses of the Army Nurse Corps, and Army Reserve Nurse Corps. The first group of nurses
arrived at the hospital February 16, 1918, and rendered a splendid service under the leadership
of Anna G. McCrady, A. N. C. As the number of patients increased there was naturally a greater
need of more nurses and the staff gradually grew to 36 in number. Miss McCrady was sent
overseas the following .July and was replaced by .Jane B. Sylvester, A. N. C. Miss Sylvester was
transferred in October of the same year and Lutie F. Tufts, A. N. C. was assigned to fill the
vacancy.
Occupational work for the patients was introduced October 2, 1918, by competent Recon-
struction aides under the leadership of Miss Alma L. Whitney. This included rug-weaving,
basket-making and other work in the line of Arts and Crafts.
The full value of the work of these nurses and reconstruction aides will never be fully appre-
ciated except by the patients who came under their care.
In order that the patients be kept continually in a cheerful atmosphere the post orchestra and
the Commission on Training Camp Activities furnished a musical program throughout the wards
daily. Two vaudeville programs were given by professional talent from the theaters in the city
each week, so that there was plenty of entertainment.
The patients were given daily exercise and daily walks in the vicinity of the Fort. The weather
during the winter of 1918-1919 was very mild and the nearby park made an ideal promenade.
The men did not suffer from the cold winds that usually sweep over the Fort and Park, from the
river, during the winter months.
The Fort Porter Reporter, a weekly newspaper, was published in the interests of the patients
and the enlisted personnel, and copies of this paper were sent to the homes of all the patients so
that the families of these men were kept informed as to what was going on at the hospital and
the Fort. The paper acted as a sort of weekly letter home.
Major Woodson, now Lieutenant Colonel Woodson, was transferred to Plattsburg, N. Y., in
June, 1918, to take charge of the General Hospital at that place. Upon his transfer. Major Albert
E. Brownrigg assumed command of the post. He was Commanding Officer until January 22,
1919, when Lieutenant Colonel Joseph E. Bastion arrived to take command.
Colonel Bastion's staff consisted of the following officers:
Lieutenant Colonel Joseph E. Bastion, Commanding Officer; Captain Paul F. Compton, Ad-
jutant; Major Oliver E. Balch, Quartermaster and Supply Officer; Captain Phihp Smith, Chief
of Service; 1st Lieutenant George P. Kent, Personnel Adjutant; 1st Lieutenant Frank A. Stock-
well, Chaplain; 2nd Lieutenant John P. Flanders, Registrar.
This old army post probably never did any greater service to the Government than it rendered
during the World War, especially after it became a General Hospital. To have a part in the
restoration to health of the unfortunate soldiers, most of whom saw active warfare, was indeed a
noble work and Buffalo may well be proud of Fort Porter for the services done there during
the greatest war in history.
130
Buffalo's Part in the World War
CHAPTER XXXIX
BASE HOSPITAL NO. 23
THE Base Hospital 23 of Buffalo, organized by the Red Cross and manned by Buffalonians
and people from the surrounding towns, was mobilized on the 21st of August, 1917, at
Fort Porter. The unit was in training there for three months. It numbered 28 Doctors,
75 Nurses and 153 enlisted men. They had several disappointments while at Fort Porter, expect-
ing every day to get orders to move for "Somewhere in France," or somewhere in the United
States. Four or five times they were ordered to leave within 24 hours, but just at the last minute
the order was cancelled. Finally they got away on the 21st of November, 1917, leaving Fort
Porter at 6.30 P.M. It was pouring rain, and they marched through dark streets to the Lehigh
Valley depot.
A small crowd followed, mostly relatives, who had waited all day to see them off. Amid tears,
smiles and kisses from the loved ones they were leaving behind, the train pulled out at 8.20 P.M.
They had no idea of the whereabouts of their destination.
This story of the trip is told by Private Hourigan: "We arrived in Jersey City at 7.15 A.M.
The Red Cross served us breakfast, good hot coffee, sandwiches and cigarettes. At 8.30 A.M.
we boarded a feny-boat and crossed to Hoboken. Here we lined up, and everything seemed to
be figured out ahead of our arrival. Our list of officers, nurses and men, was already in the hands
of the shipping officers. At last our turn came to board the troopship, our names were called,
and as we went up the gangplank we each got a card with our bunk number on it, also a meal
card. The boys were all excited, knowing by this time that we were bound for Somewhere in
France. The boat finished loading about 11 o'clock and we left New York at 12.15 P.M. the 22nd
of November.
In Railroad Yard at 6 A. M. as Troop Train Pulled Out
Buffalo's Part in the World War 131
"The name of our troopship was the Carpathia, Cunard Line, and manned by a British crew.
We started out with rather bad luck, one man was accidentally shot and instantly killed by a
guard going on first duty. He was examining his rifle which went off, causing this sad affair, the
boat slowed down and the body was taken off at the Statue of Liberty. We arrived at Halifax
on Saturday afternoon; it was snowing and very cold. We stayed over Sunday, and left Monday
afternoon at 1.30. It was here we picked up the rest of the convoy, 10 boats in all.
"Steaming out to sea was a beautiful sight, all the boats in line and the boys cheering to one
another. The harbour at Halifax was very well protected with mines — only a narrow passage left
open. The boats kept close together, the first few days out. On the fifth day we ran into a severe
storm which lasted for three days. The boys got seasick, all our dishes were broken, so we had
to bring our mess kits to the front. During the storm, seven of the boats left us. Being capable
of making more speed, they went on ahead. After the storm calmed down a little, we found that
the Carpathia had shipped quite a lot of water and the pumps were working hard bailing her out.
She was an old boat and had the reputation of being the first to the assistance of the Titanic,
which foundered off the banks of Newfoundland.
"We were kept busy on board. Life boat drill twice a day, inspection daily and we wore life
preservers at all times. The instructions on board to abandon ship, three long blasts and two
short ones. One afternoon a wave hit the boat on the port side, causing her to give a sudden lurch.
At the same time the horn blew two blasts and nobody waited for the third. (Of course there
wasn't a third.) There was a mad scramble for the upper decks. Some of the fellows were shaving
and ran with the lather on their faces. Others forgot their life belts and it looked as though we
were ready for our salt water plunge, when we got orders to return to our quarters. It was a false
alarm. The rats on board, were quite at home and tried hard to make the acquaintance of the
boys while sleeping. It wasn't anything unusual to be run over by a barrage of rats.
"Our tenth day out and no encounter with the subs. It was too rough for them to operate.
Our quarters in the boat were located on the lower deck. The bunks were laid out in blocks of
thirty, fifteen lower and fifteen upper. At the corners of each block the boys put up street
signs, and we had on board the Carpathia some of the familiar streets of Buffalo. The orders
were very strict concerning smoking after dark, or throwing any refuse overboard. A light at
night can be seen for quite a distance at sea, and it would enable the Boche subs to locate us
easily; the refuse thrown overboard would also enable them to follow up our trail.
"Guards had orders to shoot any man showing a light after dark. We had a few concerts,
held in the mess room. On the seventeenth day we sighted land and steamed up the river Mersey
to Liverpool. We anchored in the harbor over night, and docked next morning at nine o'clock.
The first greeting on landing was a severe hail-storm. It was terribly cold.
"We stood around all day on the dock. At six o'clock we boarded a train and pulled into
Winchester at 12.30 A. M. It was pouring rain and we had to march for four miles, mostly up-
hill, to a rest camp. We stood in the rain and mud with our full packs for fully two hours before
a shack was assigned to us. These shacks had concrete floors, with accommodations for fifty
men. The bunks were three planks laid on the floor with a straw mattress.
"We remained in Winchester for five days, had some long hikes through the English country,
and were taken through the wonderful Cathedral in the little town. Leaving here after our rest,
we arrived at Southampton, boarding a boat which had on it about two hundred horses occupy-
ing the best apartment. Our quarters were in the hold underneath the horses. We had no bunks,
but slept in the hay which had been provided for the first-class passengers — the horses.
"The crossing of the Channel at that time was done at night on account of the sub warfare.
So we left Southampton after dark. About midnight some Boche planes were flying over the
Channel to make a raid somewhere in England. All the searchlights were turned on them from
the forts and the boats guarding the waters between France and England. Their anti-aircraft
guns also put up a wonderful barrage. While this was taking place our destroyers, two of which
we had guarding us while crossing, made an awful noise blowing their sirens and making circles
132
Buffalo's Part in the World War
Vittel
Hospital No.
around our boat. I inquired what the trouble was, and found out that a sub was in the vicinity.
The boat returned to Southampton and we made the trip in safety the following night.
"We landed in Ha\Te in the early morning. It was snowing, and our first glimpse of France
didn't look very promising. While landing we were cheered by crowds of French old men and
women. We marched to a British "replacement camp, on the outskirts of the city, where we
remained for two days. The sleeping quarters here were very simple; we slept on a sheet of
lattice wire, rolled up in our blankets.
"On the third day at three o'clock we marched through a heavy snow storm in the dark to
the railroad station. The cars we traveled in were third class, the next thing over there to a
box-car, and with about the same amount of comfort. The express trains are just as fast as a
street car in the U. S. After ti-aveling almost four days we finally reached our destination, a
beautiful watering place called Vittel on the Vosges Mountains, in the Lorraine Sector.
"We were tired and hungry and a good many had colds. Afterward we had a good hot supper
served us by Unit 36 of Detroit, who were also located in Vittel and arrived there a month ahead
of us. Our barracks were in a beautiful building called the Casino, formerly used as a gambling
house. On the walls were some splendid paintings. It had a theater which was taken over by
the Red Cross for the purpose of entertaining patients and personnel of the hospital center. We
enjoyed some good vaudeville shows and splendid moving pictures, both French and American.
This casino resembled Monte Carlo on a small scale. It is also known as the place where the
King of Portugal met Gaby Deslys the famous French actress, which romance led to the loss of
his throne.
"For a small town Vittel had some beautiful and modern hotels, which were all taken over by
the U. S. Government to be used as hospitals. Unit 23 of Buffalo had seven and Unit 36 of Detroit
the same number.
"We had quite a time learning enough of the French language to make known our wants to
the townspeople, but we finally got along very well. When we left Buffalo our outfit was supposed
to be a 500 bed hospital, but after a few months in Vittel, we had a capacity of over 3,000. We
Buffalo's Part in the World War 133
had two surgical hospitals with a capacity of twelve hundred patients, two medical hospitals with
a capacity of fifteen hundred patients; one contagious hospital, capacity three hundred; one officers'
hospital, capacity two hundred fifty, and one nurses' hospital, capacity of one hundred fifty. The
hotels occupied by Unit 23, were as follows: The Continental, Terminus, Angle-Terre, Nouvel,
La Providence, Lorraine, and Joan d'Arc. The Lorraine was the officers' hospital and the Joan
d'Arc the nurses' hospital. In fitting up these hotels as hospitals they found an enormous task.
They were not used since the outbreak of the war and some were in very bad condition. The
plumbing was in bad way ; the rooms were dirty and dusty, and had to be scrubbed from ceiling
to floor. The electric wiring and lighting fixtures needed a lot of repairing. It took almost three
months to get the building in a habitable condition. Our beds, bedding, and other hospital materi-
als, didn't begin to arrive in Vittel until February, although it left Buffalo two months ahead of
us. It came rather fast when once started, at the rate of six, eight and ten cars a day. We worked
hard and long, unloading cars and sorting the materials for the different hospitals. The boys did
it with a smile. We went over to do our bit and not to kick about hard work and long hours.
We knew that the people back home would feel proud of Unit 23, when they found out that it
was the best organized and equipped outfit in France. We had splendid doctors and nurses, and
the enlisted men never had any ill feeling toward each other. Their willingness brought them
praise even from their own officers. At last our hospital was in running order and our first patients
came in during March. At that time we took care of all Allied soldiers. We had French, English,
Italian and men from the colonies, all at one time.
" Later when the U. S. troops were coming over more rapidly and the First and Second American
Divisions were moving up to the Lorraine Front, the commandant of the hospital centre received
orders to evacuate all Allied soldiers but Americans, and thereafter to care for Americans only.
We soon had a gi'eat many of our boys as patients but nowhere over-crowded. They got the
best medical attention and plenty of good food ; in fact, the very comforts of home. Every ward
had a talking machine and plenty of records, and it made the boys feel good to listen to the jazz
music, other lively pieces and the patriotic selections of their home land.
"We didn't get over crowded until the St. Mihiel drive started, then we had to use every bit
of space to be found. The hallways were fitted up with cots and the capacity of each hospital
was far exceeded. The operating rooms were busy day and night, ambulance and Red Cross
trains were coming in at all hours. The suffering of wounded men was intense but they seemed
to think nothing of their wounds, smoked cigarettes and " kidded " one another over their injuries;
at the same time, many of those men had arms or legs shot to pieces. As fast as patients could
possibly be moved they were sent to base hospitals farther back.
" Our center being the nearest to the Lorraine Front, was made an evacuation hospital during
the St. Mihiel drive. The Red Cross did wonderful work among the wounded boys. They visited
the hospitals every day, gave them everything they needed, and entertained them in every way.
"We didn't see much of the real action, but most of us were up at the front for some time.
The wonderful and most powerful barrage in the history of the world, put up by the Americans
before their drive at St. Mihiel, could be heard distinctly fifty miles back. Places not very far
from us were bombed by the Boche airmen. Mirecourt, ten miles; Erinal, twenty miles, and
Neuf-chateau thirty miles, were bombed several times. They flew over our center very often,
but never did any damage.
"Our loss of patients was very small, due to the excellent treatment given them by our skilled
doctors and nurses. It was sad when we lost some of our own unit. The first one we lost was
our beloved adjutant, Capt. Bun-oughs. The boys missed him very much. Whenever they got
into any trouble, a little trip to the adjutant's office, and everything was easy for them. We
used to call him" Dad." The same week that we lost Capt. Burroughs, we lost one nurse — Miss
Fallon — two enlisted men, Cook Ranny and private Tubbs, and later another enlisted man,
Private Streight of Lancaster, N. Y.
"Base Hospital 23 handled close to L5,000 patients during the period of the war."
134
Buffalo's Part in the World War
Women at Work on the Farm—Buffalo Girls Picking Peas on an Erie County Farm
Shoveling Refuse from a Freight Car at East Buffalo
At the End of a Perfect Day
Buffalo's Part in the World War 135
CHAPTER XL
WHEATLESS DAYS I.N BUFFALO HOTELS
AS the big German drive of March, 1918, forced back the French soldiers nearer and nearer
ZX to Paris, and Prince Rupprecht's army battered its way over Haig's forces to Ypres and
-^ ■*" mounted the vantage points of Kemmel Hill, America tightened its win-the-war policy.
Difficult days were those for the epicure and the erstwhile traveling salesman. We had no travel-
ing salesmen then. They disappeared in a night. Nobody had anything to sell. Factories were
making trucks or tanks or explosives or shells or parts of aeroplanes. And no salesmen were
needed for the necessities of life. The market was short of these.
Traveling men may not be the premier eaters of the land, but they have been frequently pictured
as such. Whether it was traveling men or professional men or bankers or merchants who dined
sumptuously before 1918, they found the food restrictions growing distressingly exacting before
the winter of 1918 was out of the way. Heatless Mondays were followed by meatless Tuesdays
and wheatless Wednesdays. No cereals for breakfast ! No wheat rolls! No wheat bread ! Home
cooking was under the Government ban so that the fastidious eater could turn nowhere for relief.
Pie crust sans wheat flour was like the proverbial play of Hamlet minus Hamlet. One taste was
enough. The sugar bowls disappeared from the tables. Sometimes sugar would be served in
miniature paper bags. Sometimes waiters or waitresses could be importuned to put a spoonful
of sugar into one's tea or coffee before serving it, and frequently patrons would wait in vain for
sugar. Sometimes it happened that restaurants were entirely without sugar. Frostings no longer
adorned the cakes; sherbets and ices were gone until the dawn of a brighter day. Substitutes
for flour undermined the flavor of all pastries, and the ingredients which were now injected into
the substructure of a strawberry shortcake left even that heretofore popular dish a poor forsaken
thing.
The man who lunched at the larger hotels — and the same rules obtained elsewhere — found on
his menu card a reminder* of the food price he was expected to pay; not for food but in food
for war.
*THE GENERAL PLAN
For conservation no bread and butter shall be served unless the guest requests it, and when bread and butter is served, it must not be put upon
the table until after the first course of the meal is served. .
The service of bread should conform to the rules of the Baking Regulations, which require that no bread with less than 20 per cent of substi-
tutes in it be served, that not more than two (2) ounces of Victory Bread or rolls (bread containing 20 per cent of wheat flour substitute or 40 per
cent of rye flour), or if no Victory Bread is served, not more than four (4) ounces of other breads, such as corn bread, Boston brown bread, mufRns,
etc., be served to one person at any one meal, except sandwiches, or bread served at boarding camps, or rye bread which contains at least 50 per
cent of rye flour.
Rolls should weigh not more than one (1) ounce each. All bakery products must be made in accordance with the rules and regulations of the
Baking Division. This applies to all bakery products served, whether made on the premises or purchased from bakers.
Toast must not be served as garniture or under meat.
Standardize your butter service and limit it to one-half ounce.
Cereals— Serve all cereals sparingly, as they are greatly needed both for the Armies of the Allies and are ideal foods to store and transport.
Meats— Portions of meat should be cut to the best advantage, and as small as practicable to meet the requirements of patrons, and no more
than one portion of any kind of Meat or Poultry should be served at any one meal. If patrons desire it, one mutton chop, one lamb chop or one
pork chop should be served to an order, and reduced portions of ham and bacon should be served.
Bacon must not be used as a garniture.
Fats — Serve as few fried dishes as possible, as it is necessary to conserve all fats, both animal and vegetable.
Trim and save all coarse fats from meat before cooking. Munition and soap manufacturers need waste fats.
Sugar — Serve no sugar unless requested; if requested, not more tham one teaspoonful or its equivalent to any one person at a meal. One small
lump is the service for demi-tasse. The use of the sugar bowl on the table must be discontinued.
Serve no candies after meals.
Eliminate icing made with cane or beet sugar from all cakes.
Use honey, maple sugar, corn sugar and syrups as sweeteners.
Fresh Vegetables and Fruits — Serve fresh vegetables and fruits whenever possible. Attractive preparation will popularize their use.
Feature vegetable dinners, and fruit and vegetable salads.
Minimize the use of canned fruits and vegetables — save tin and labor.
Coffee — In order to relieve ships transporting coffee to this country, so that we may use them to transport our troops and supplies abroad, we
ask the hotels and restaurants to economize in the use of coffee by every possible care.
Cheese — A shortage of Cheddar, commonly called American cheese, made apparent by the tremendous demand of our Army and the Allies,
makes it necessary for us to ask public eating places to avoid the service of this particular kind of cheese wherever possible.
The service of cheese with salads and the use of cheese with cooked dishes, such as macaroni, Welsh rarebits, etc., should be avoided.
Ice — Serve ice sparingly. Practice rigid economy in its use. Ammonia, which is used in making artificial ice, is greatly needed in the manufac-
ture of munitions.
The Food Administration believes the fourth meal to be unnecessary and unpatriotic. Where suppers are served all meats should be eliminated
and such dishes should be substituted as sea foods, game in season, egg dishes and such by-products of meat as are desirable.
The Food Administration believes elaborate lunches and banquets are unpatriotic and should not be served. Lunches and banquets are recog-
nized as being necessary for social enjoyment of the people, but at such gatherings a simple meal should be served, such as would be eaten in the
home. No waste or extravagant use "of food should be allowed in this critical time. The hour for such functions should be so regulated that
the repast will take the place of one of the regular meals.
(Continued on page 136)
136
Buffalo's Part in the World War
The August 1, 1918, menu card offered by Manager Ireland of the Lafayette Hotel would
scarcely be recognized in the same hotel a year later. Enlarged signs were displayed attractively
about the Lafayette dining room. They seemed distressingly diversified and numerous. Waiters
were cold and cheerless, and spoken language was more unintelligible to them than ordinarily.
Those who felt that Mr. Ireland was too conscientiously devoted to the conservation of food
found an identical condition in the dining department of H. Montgomery Gerrans' Iroquois
Hotel, where both Mr. Gerrans and Mr. Green spent laborious hours with those who did not
understand the value of the change which had come over the elaborately dressed tables.
A portion of an Iroquois breakfast menu of the first Tuesday in April, 1918, read:
CEREALS (With Cream)
Cream of Wheat 25c Oatmeal 25c Crushed Wheat 25c
Triscuit 25c Corn Flakes 20c Grape-Nuts 25c Mapl-Flakes 20c
Hominy 25e Fried Hominy or Corn Mush 25c Force 25c
Shredded Wheat Biscuit (ind.) 25c Puffed Wheat or Rice 25c
And the following day, the same section read:
CEREALS (With Cream)
.\s requested by the U. S. Food Administration, we shall not serve any wheat cereals
nor wheat in any form until further notice
Corn Flakes 20c
Grape Nuts 25c
Mapl-Flakes 20c
Fried Corn Mush 25c
Puffed Rice 25c
Mr. Gerrans' meat menu for a Monday breakfast follows:
Broiled Mutton Chop 65c
Small Sirloin Steak $L45
Sirloin Steak, Creole $2.50
Tenderloin Steak $2.00
Hamburger or Salisbury Steak 80c
Broiled Veal Kidney 70c
Lamb Kidneys, Broiled 60c
Broiled Sweetbread on Toast 90c
Broiled Pork Tenderloin 80c
Broiled Honeycomb Tripe 60c
Chicken Livers en Brochette 65c
Spring Chicken (half) $L15
Lamb Chops, Broiled 80c
Sirloin Steak $2.00
Extra Sirloin $3.00
Small Tenderloin $LO0
Ham or Bacon 60c
Beechnut Bacon 70c
Sautees au Madere 70c
en Brochette 90c
Broiled Fresh Pig's Feet 60c
Breakfast Steak $1.00
With mushrooms $2.90
Pork Chop 75c
Veal Cutlet 75c
Calf's Liver, Saute with Bacon 70c
Fried Salt Pork 60c
Corned Beef Hash with Poached Egg 65c
Broiled Virginia Ham 75c
Chipped Beef in Cream 60c
Broiled Royal Squab $1.25
Squab Chicken, Broiled $1.75
Chicken Hash with Green Peppers 85c
Reduce the use of china, linen and silver in order to effect a saving in labor. Serve food whenever possible in the plate or dish from which it is
to be eaten. Plate service should be established wherever possible: that is, the meat and vegetables comprising the main part of the meal should
be placed on one plate instead of served in several side dishes. Service plates should be eliminated. Place only the amount of silverware on the
table that is actually to be used for the meal.
All so-called general bills-of-fare used in hotels and public eating places should be abandoned. The great variety of dishes that are usually listed
on a general bill-of-fare necessitates carrying in the ice-bo.xes large quantities of meats and other produce, and spoilage and waste are liable to
follow. A simple bill-of-fare should be arranged — one for breakfast, one for luncheon and one for dinner or supper, all witli a limited number of
dishes, and changed from day to day to give variety. A standard form of menu card is recommended, maximum size about 6" x 10". This should
be printed on paper or cardboard of as light a quality as practicable. The simplifying of menu cards alone would save thousands of tons of paper
annually.
The encouragement of hors d'oeuvres, of vegetables, salads, fruits, sea foods, and the use of made-over dishes and of animal by-products, such
as Ox-tails, Tongues, Calves' Heads, Livers, Kidneys, Tripe, Sweetbreads, Brains and Feet will save greatly in all staples and permit the effective
use of many available foods.
Table d'hote meals, as prepared and served here in .\merica, often result in waste and should be discouraged in larger hotels and restaurants
wherever conditions permit. In circumstances requiring table d'hote meals, the bill-of-fare should be limited to few courses and a small variety,
such as is served on the continent of Europe, and should be very carefully supervised. The American Plan hotel or restaurant should require its
guests to choose specifically, in writing, from the items offered, as in the European l*Ian, so as to avoid waste.
The cafeteria system is recommended for employees wherever possible, as it facilitates service and eliminates waste.
Use local and seasonal supplies. Do not require abnormal use of the railways and steamships to transport products from far afield, now that
we need all cars and ships for war purposes.
All waste food should be saved to feed animals or for reduction, to obtain the fats. No food should be burned.
The fundamental principle of the regulations of hotels and restaurants depends upon the saving of waste food and the using of left-overs to
the best advantage. Waste in the kitchen could be curtailed considerably by not having a large amount of food prepared for expected guests who
may not come. It is better that the American people wait a few minutes for their food than that an unnecessary amount of food be cooked, in
anticipation of a_ larger number of guests than will actually be served. The suggestion is made that all menu cards be printed in plain English,
actually descriptive of the food, so that the patron may readily determine what he is ordering.
Buffalo's Part in the World War 137
But on the following day:
Panfish, Fried or Broiled 50c Smoked Salmon 50c Ocean Bass 70c Bluefish 70c
Shad Roe 65c Filet of Sole 60c Yellow Pike 60c Fried Smelt, Tartare 60c
Whitefish 65c Cod Fish 60c Salmon Steak 75c Fresh Mackerel 60c
Halibut Steak 65c Yarmouth Bloater 50c Broiled Salt Mackerel 60c
Kippered Herring 50c Picked-Up Codfish in Cream 50c Codfish Cake 40c
Broiled or Steamed Finnan Haddie 55c Chicken Livers en Brochette 65c
Broiled Royal Squab $1.25 Spring Chicken (Half) $1.15
Squab Chicken, Broiled $1.75 Chicken Hash with Green Peppers 85c
Each passing day added something new to the Iroquois menu card — but it was usually a new
restriction. On March 29, 1918, this inscription appeared at the head of the menu: "Our Lunch
Rolls to-day are made of One-Half Graham, One-Quarter Rye and One-Quarter Barley Flour."
Apparently Mr. Gerrans found his patrons disappointed in the way he made his March rolls,
for on April 1st, the menu read: "Our Lunch Rolls to-day are made of three-tenths each, Corn
Meal, Corn Flour, Barley Flour and one-tenth Potato Flour. " That was enough! No explanatory
roll notes appeared after that. Possibly Iroquois people took their potatoes in "French Fried"
form rather than in the form of rolls thereafter. Though the menu cards lacked many of the
dishes previously served they contained some very commendable things. This, for example:
"The More Liberty Bonds You Buy, The Nearer Peace Will Be." And this: "Remember That
Every Dollar You Have is of Draft Age." And then, for fear some enthusiastic diner might
feel the reference was to things eatable rather than to liberty bonds, this admonition appeared:
"Money cannot buy wheat to-day." and after the word "wheat "some thoughtful, but altruistic,
individual inserted the words "nor waiters".
At the Statler Hotel, as at all the Buffalo hotels and restaurants, a very faithful and pains-
taking effort was made for the conservation of food. While the restrictions were a matter of
constant jesting, through it all there ran a spirit of patriotic resolve to abide fully and conscien-
tiously with every Government requirement. In the center of Mr. Statler's menu, probably
inserted by Manager Hinkley or Associate Manager Daniels, appeared this trite suggestion
Are You Overlooking Fish?
If you've gotten the habit of consulting the menu from "Entrees" down, look higher to-day.
Some of the very best things on the bill are listed under "Fish." Suggestion: Fried Sole— sweet,
and brown, and tender — with a bit of salad that sharpens your taste for the delicate flavor of this
"daintiest of the fishes." All fish is boned in the kitchen.
"Conserve Beef — Wheat — Sugar — It's the war — Let's help.
In after years it may be interesting to glance over the menu cards of the war days.
138 Buffalo's Part in the World War
CHAPTER XLI
WITH DON MARTIN IN LONDON
MOST American soldiers longed to see London and Paris. The overseas trips were illuminated
with a discussion of the wonderful things of the old world. They filled the weary
days as the convoyed transports slowly plowed through the mined and submarine-infested
ocean. The American correspondents were hurried into Europe ahead of the American troops.
It was an able, witty, jovial crew of writers who took passage for England at about the time of
the Pope's peace proposal in the late days of 1917. On the passenger list of correspondents at
that time appeared the name of Don Martin, a former Buffalo reporter, then political writer of
the New York Herald. Martin had worked on the Buffalo Express for many years and was widely
known throughout the city. His residence was at Silver Creek, a few miles from Buffalo, where
his mother, brother and sisters and his motherless daughter made their home. Martin's wife had
died shortly after her child was born, and his love was centered in his daughter. He wrote many
letters to her during his days in Europe, and frequently he sent letters to his sister Alta, a sten-
ographer employed in the law office of John L. Romer. An accomplished journalist, it was
not unnatural that he should be an entertaining letter wi'iter. He saw London and Paris as
the soldier boys saw those cities, and with them. He tramped the streets with the first American
troops.
Writing from the Savoy Hotel, London, on Sunday night of January 6, 1918, to his sister he
gave this brief, but enveloping view of England's wonderful city during the war period :
"Alta:
"It seems almost foolish to write because letters are so slow in getting through the censor. I understand it takes
three weeks for a letter to get to New York. I wrote a very long letter to Dorothy about the trip over and it was
of course intended for you all.
"London is a dismal place. Streets are pitch dark at night on account of the constantly expected air raids. It is
almost hopeless to go anywhere except in a taxicab. There has been no raid since I arrived but there probably will
be soon. I am quite safe here in the Savoy where I shall probably remain for a while, and my wanderings during
the day are so restricted that I can easily find a safe spot if a raid warning is given.
"To-day at breakfast I met Dan Reid who is here after a visit to France for the Food Commission. With him is
Roscoe Mitchell of Buffalo whom I know; a Mr. Lincoln of Jamestown whom I also know and Everett Colby of
New Jersey with whom I am acquainted. I shall probably have dinner with them to-morrow.
"London is a wonderful city, I have been around it pretty well; have seen some of the big army and admiralty
men and expect soon to see Lloyd George. I have written very little yet. I want to get a line on things first. This
much I have learned: Germany is not yet licked but will be. The Allies cannot finish the job till the United States
gets a good army over in France. There are all kinds of peace reports but England is determined to keep at it until,
with America's aid, Germany is defeated. England is putting up with all kinds of discomforts. Food is none too
plentiful. There is no fruit except at prohibitive prices; matches are precious and meat is getting scarce. And on
top of that London gropes around in complete darkness from 4.00 P.M. until 8.00 A.M. and business is very seriously
interfered with.
"I shall probably stay here for some time but Hkely will go over to France for a brief stay when the hardest part
of the winter is over. I can't exactly say I like it. No American does. But of course it is experience. No one can
ever regret knowing London.
"I haven't heard anything from the United States yet and probably won't for a while. I feel a little bit homesick,
I dare say on account of Dorothy, but that will wear off. I know she is all right. I have a couple of pictures of
her on my dresser and after a while I will get a letter. I hope she had a good Christmas. That candy — and nuts —
you sent came in very well. I nibbled away at them until the other night. Good candy can't be had here— sugar
is too precious.
"This is a rather expensive hotel but is the rendezvous for everyone of importance. It is about like the Waldorf
in New York though not so big. I have a large room, splendidly furnished, with a private bath, and steam heat.
It is the only hotel in the city with steam heat. Everything in London is heated with fireplaces which make a tem-
perature of about 55, and London during January, February and March is cold and damp.
"One is pretty close to war here. Fully half the persons one meets on the street, in restaurants, or in the hotel
lobbies are soldiers in uniform. The women all smoke. They sit about the lobbies of the hotels smoking cigarettes
Buffalo's Part in the World War
139
Captain Devereaux Milburn (left), son of John G. Milbuii., aud Captain C. F. Holmes,
Aides-de-Camp to Major-General McRae — 78th Division
photograph was taken at Chatel Chehery
the same as men. Frequently, I have seen women at lunch with children three or four years old, smoking the same
as men. To me it is very disgusting.
"The streets of London look pretty much like those of any American city, only here nine out of ten buildings are
five stories in height, and the tenth is two, three or maybe six or seven stories. Then there are huge city and govern-
ment buildings everywhere, many several hundred years old.
"On my way down Fleet Street, I pass a hotel with a sign reading 'Pulis Hotel, Founded 1518'. Two doors from
our office is a lane leading to the Cheshire Tavern of which you have of course heard. It sets back about 200 ft.
from Fleet Street and looks precisely as it did in Dr. Johnson's time. I had dinner there last night— a beefsteak
and kidney pie for 2 shillings 6 pence — 62 )^ cents. Tourists and sightseers keep it up. It is a small place with saw-
dust on the floor. A little further up the alley is the old house where Samuel Johnson lived. It has not been changed.
"So, while London is dreary there are many things to brighten up one's existence. I expect to go through West-
minster Abbey and some other historical places. Everything is now over-shadowed by the war and it is by long
odds the most overwhelming war England has ever had. It is trying her resources to their utmost but, whatever
one's life-long opinion of her may be, he must admire her pluck, her forbearance and her determination.
"With love,
Don."
140 Buffalo's Part in the World War
CHAPTER XLII
LIEUT. HAROLD B. WERTZ FIRST DIVISION, U. S. A.
THE departure from Buffalo of the national guardsmen and the first draft contingents for
training camps aroused an intense military spirit. It was not uncommon to see school boys
drilling in school yards and playgrounds. Home Defense companies, and Police Reserves
were to be found on the smooth-paved streets nightly, religiously applying themselves to the
"hay-foot," "straw-foot" e.xercises. Down Main Street at frequent intervals straggling con-
tingents, each boy with a little bundle of clothes tucked under his arm, tramped along in the
general direction of the railroad stations. Frequently, the contingent was preceded by a fife and
drum corps, or a band, and the members of the draft board in automobiles. Very often the
entire procession, musicians included, would be conveyed to the station in autos. Relatives
and friends accompanied the boys and few, if any, departed without some sort of a farewell
ceremony. City officials invariably led the boys to the train and there extended a hearty God-
speed as they pulled out for the training camps.
Through the Fall of 1917 numerous contingents, large and small, left Buffalo, and those de-
partures continued through the Winter and Spring and Summer of 1918. The 1917 contingents
remained in the training camps much longer than those who were called early in 1918; in fact,
the German drive which began in March, following the capitulation of Russia, was conducted
with such severity and success that some of the men who were sent from Buffalo in February
and March were hurried to France within a month after their departure from home.
During the preceding winter, however, the boys who had gone to the camps in September and
November drifted back on furlough. Instead of the slouching boys who tramped down Main
Street with their extra clothing in a paper-wrapt bundle, militaiy training had transformed them
into neat, erect, snappy young men, splendid pictures of physical development. The training
camp had imprinted its reconstructive mark.
The old 74th Infantry regiment; the 3d Artillery and Troop I, spent the winter of 1917-1918
in camp at Spartanburg, S. C. It was a long, bitter winter in South Carolina as it was elsewhere,
and these men suffered severely from cold at that camp. They drilled in the wind and snow
with the thermometer just above the zero mark, day after day, and grew weary of waiting. Spring
came and they were still in camp.
A number of Buffalo men attached to the old National Guard regiments had taken a try for
commissions on their return from the border. They entered the officers' training camp at Madison
Barracks. Some won commissions and were assigned to militai'y units then in training here.
Harold B. Wertz, a sergeant in the old 74th Infantry on the Border, received a commission as
a first lieutenant, and was assigned to the 18th Infantry, First Division, of the regular army.
The First Division may have contained regular army men who made their homes, at one time,
in Buffalo, but it appears that Lieutenant Wertz among the civilian population who entered
the military service was first to go overseas with a sure-enough American division. His military
career was a remarkably interesting one, as later developments will show.
The First Division claims the honor of firing the first rifle shot and sending the first shell into
the German lines, and also the honor of the first casualty suffered by an American formation,
as well as of the first capture of prisoners and material.
On January 15, 1918, the division entered the Ansauville sector, twenty kilometers northwest
of Toul, relieving the famous 1st Moroccan Division. It remained under the tactical command
of a French infantry division until January 30th, when it took over things "on its own," and so
continued until relieved on April 3. During this period of front line duty its captures increased
signally compared with its training debut, totalling thirty prisoners, one light machine gun and
four flame throwers.
Buffalo's Part in the World War 141
CHAPTER XLIII
SMOKE AMMUNITION FROM THE BUFFALO NEWS
THE Evening News Smokes for Soldiers Fund was begun in April, 1917, a few days after the
United States entered the war. It was created for a two-fold purpose, that of supplying the
soldier with such comfort and solace as tobacco gives and that of keeping up a link of interest
between the home folks and the men who would go away to fight for them.
The Smokes for Soldiers plan was widely promulgated by leading newspapers throughout the
country. In Buffalo it met with the ready approval of the public and was so liberally contributed
to that it came to be one of the half a dozen largest funds in the United States. Up to November
21, 1918, the sum of $39,970.68 was collected in Buffalo alone.
Of course, the Smokes Fund was popular with the soldiers. Post cards and letters were received
by the hundreds after each shipment of tobacco, expressing, many times in naive and humorous
terms, the appreciation of the men in the service. Officers in various branches of the service ex-
tended their indorsement to the fund and sent letters of thanks. Among these were Colonel
Cornelius Vanderbilt of the 102d Engineers, Colonel Arthur Kemp, who headed the 74th Infantry
from Buffalo, and Lieutenant Colonel John W. Rowland of the 106th Field Artillery.
The work of raising money for the fund was greatly lightened by the voluntary assistance given
by individuals and organizations in the city. The first flag collection was made in August, 1917,
during the convention of the Eagles. In the convention parade, a Stars and Stripes of great size
was carried and quite spontaneously spectators tossed coins into it, shouting "Give it to the
Smokes Fund." When the collection was counted it was found that .$907.01 had been contributed
and it was decided to turn it over to the News Smokes Fund as most of the givers had requested.
This was an idea that met great favor, and in the many parades held in the city during the re-
mainder of the war there was scarcely one that did not have a flag collection for the Smokes
Fund. The theaters and factories gave special support to the fund.
Campaigns were conducted from time to time. In December, 1917, a Smokeless Day plan was
carried out. The idea was to have smokers abstain for 24 hours and contribute what they would
have spent for themselves to the fund. This met with success and the sum of $3922 . 09 was turned
in, with which Christmas packages were purchased for the Buffalo and Western New York boys
who were with the 27th Division in camp at Spartanburg, S. C.
This committee of Buffalo business men was in charge of the Smokeless Day arrangements:
George W. Smith, Chairman; William F. Schwartz, vice chairman; Peter F. Petersen, Richard
C. Laux, James J. Cuff, John Maloney, Joseph G. Zeitler, Dr. E. G. Bodenbender, Dai H. Lewis
and Arthur W. Kreinheder.
In February, 1918, a week's city-wide intensive campaign was conducted. It took in factories,
offices, stores and shops throughout the city. A pony contest to interest Evening Neivs carriers
in the campaign was also carried on. The two crusades again resulted in a generous contribu-
tion. The Committee in charge was as follows:
William F. Schwartz, chairman; Orson E. Yeager, Harry Thorpe \'ars, James B. Wall, H. N.
Ness, Jeremiah J. O'Leary, George J. Meyers, Elmore C. Green, William E. Evans, .Jeremiah
J. Donovan, Samuel H. Witnier, Peter F. Petersen, Joseph G. Zeitler, and .Jacob F. Mueller.
George A. Cowan, Frederick J. Petersen, Edward Harris, Cjtus L. Barber, A. W. Kirton,
Warren Worthington, George B. Tyler, John A. Holmes, Frank B. Powell, Frank W. Robinson,
John C. Bradley, .James H. Dyett, Charles L. Helmer, H. L. Heitzman, Charles L. Keller, D. J.
Carson, C. S. Alt, C. A. Criqui, E. C. Neal, Frederick F. Klinck, Carl A. Lautz, William H.
Crosby, J. J. Lockwood, L. W. Wheaton, Thomas G. Lawley, Christian Trapp, George T. Cumpson
E. J. Duggan, Joseph C. Bergmann, William F. Forrest, H. I. Sackett, H. J. Girvin, B. J. Mc-
Connell, A. B. Wright, Charles Schoenhut and Gustave C. Miller.
142
Buffalo's Part in the World War
They became the Heroes of the Meuse-Argonne Offensive — Typical Haul of the Draft Net
Boys Who Had Never Felt a Trigger Leaving for Camp to be Whipped Into a Victorious Army
Buffalo's Part in the World War 143
In September, 1918, a two-day campaign was conducted by a committee which was headed by
Mr§. Allan D. Husted, and Frank Oppenheimer. This brought in the sum of $6,116.00. In connec-
tion with the campaign a rally was held at Lafayette Square on the afternoon of the first day.
Henry C. Price acted as chairman of the rally. An old hearse drawn by a couple of mules and
bearing a big placard inviting everybody to come and drive a nail in the Kaiser's coffin pulled
up to the platform on the square and a black rough box was unloaded. Donors of $1 or more to
the fund were invited to come to the front and drive a nail. This took the crowd's fancy and for
more than 23^ hours men, women and children made contributions and drove nails in the coffin.
Up to the first of December, 1918, the Smokes for Soldiers Fund had bought and distributed
these supplies:
Cigarettes 3,868,160
Smoking tobacco 1.58,980 packages
I Chewing tobacco 11,504 packages
%. ■ Pipes 2,052
';^7 Chocolate 1,928 packages
■ferGum 17,210 packages
I, Matches 18,144 boxes
The Smokes Fund was managed by George W. Therrien, assisted by Otto M. Walter, both of
the Evening Neivs circulation department. All clerical work, publicity and advertising space was
donated by the Evening News, as its part in the enterprise.
Buffalo's Part in the World War 145
CHAPTER XLIV
AND THE NAVY TOOK THEM OVER
THE Navy took them over and the Navy brought them back!
Uncle Sam's sailors guarded the course and convoyed the transports across the Atlantic,
landing the American soldiers safely on foreign soil. The Navy also patrolled the coast,
planted mines and co-operated with the Allied High Command in the work of nullifying the
German submarine operations. Many hundreds of Buffalo boys went into the Navy service, and,
while their records will not be adorned with citations for bravery or heroic deeds in battle, the
Navy will loom large in the credit given America's fighting men because of the exacting service
they rendered. Most of the Buffalo boys who enlisted in the Navy were sent to the Naval Train-
ing Station at Great Lakes, 111. The story of Navy life told by Buffalo boys furnishes an interest-
ing chapter in the operations of the American Navy.
George Daly, popular amateur ball player, one of the first to enlist in the Navy after the dec-
laration of war was assigned to the U. S. S. Mt. Vernon, and was aboard that ship when she
was torpedoed by a German submarine. The "Mt. Vernon" was formerly the North German
Lloyd liner, " Kronprinzessin Cecile " and referring to the experiences of the Buffalo men aboard
that ship on her ill-fated trip, Daly said :
"One week prior to the outbreak of the European War, the North German Lloyd liner, Kron-
prinzessin Cecile, steamed out of New York Harbor with $10,000,000 in gold aboard, bound for
England. Arriving off the coast of the British Isles, her wireless picked up the broadcast message
that war had been declared between Germany and England. Immediately she was headed back
toward America, and under full steam she eluded the British navy, and five days later was safely
interned in Bar Harbor, Me. Two months later American warships escorted her to Boston, where
she was taken over by the Department of Justice on account of a libel against her for failure to
deliver the $10,000,000. There she remained as a floating palace of the German captain and crew
until February 3, 1917, when the United States Government, because of the strained relations
existing with Germany, ordered all interned German ships manned by Americans, and all German
seamen interned on shore. This order was carried out six hours later, when a United States Marshal
boarded the Kronprinzessin Cecile ; but the Germans had received secret information of the order
and, acting under orders of their Government, they had already wrecked the machineiy of the
ship to such an extent that their captain, Captain Pollock, declared that the ship could not possibly
be used by any one for any length of time. He informed the American engineers that it would be
impossible for them to put the ship into running order, so effectively had he carried out the orders
of his superiors. Two months later war was declared with Germany, and on May 5th the Kron-
prinzessin Cecile was taken over by the United States Government. After two months of thorough
repairing of machinery, and complete conversion into a transport, the "Mount Vernon" was
put into commission on July 28th by the Nav-y Department.
"Since her conversion into a transport she has numbered among her passengers Secretary of
War Baker; Assistant Secretary of the Treasury Crosby; President of the Inter- Ally War Council
on Purchase and Finance, Colonel E. M. House; Admiral Benson, General Bell, General Bliss,
and many others of equal fame. On occasion she has made her round trip in two weeks, and been
on her way across again within three days after docking.
" Perhaps no ship in the service has been worked harder, and certainly no ship more willingly
that the Mount Vernon. Of the many thousands of soldiers committed to her care on each trip
she never lost one by accident, and not over an average of one for each trip by disease. Her
physical equipment consists generally of all the appliances and conveniences of a modern city.
Her twelve decks furnish ample space for power plants, refrigerators, stores, repair shops, blowers,
ventilators, elevators, libraries, telephones, wireless, steam and electric heaters, hospital, church.
146
Buffalo's Part in the World War
^Ki" '-'^-''-t
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Members of the Old 74th in Trench and Bayonet Drill at Camp Wadsworth
Buffalo's Part in the World War
147
school, safety appliances for all on board, and the most effective battle equipment. Three of our
largest mogul locomotives, each pulling its capacity train load of coal, could not furnish the
thousands of tons of coal which go into the "Mount Vernon's" bunkers for one round trip to
Europe. Although over seven hundred feet long, and having a displacement of thirty thousand
tons, her powerful engines generate forty-five thousand horse power, and drive her through the
water at a speed of twenty-five miles per hour. Her water-tight integrity has stood the test of
the most powerful torpedo, and her officers and crew have stood the test of the recent crisis for a
yet more glorious future.
"We sailed from Brest on the 4th day of September, 1918, homeward bound, and with us was
the U. S. S. Agamemnon, being convoyed by six U. S. destroyers. We had on board 300 wounded
soldiers, 57 of them being "stretcher cases"; also with us U. S. Senators Gore of Oklahoma and
Lewis of Illinois.
"The morning of September 5th was bright and sunny, and the sea very calm, and we were
making about 18 knots per hour. The Agamemnon was traveling on our starboard side, at quite
some distance ahead of us, with the six destroyers encircled about us. The starboard gun crew
(No. 5) had the 4 . 00 to 8 . GO o'clock watch that morning, and the number six gun crew, to which
I was attached, was waiting at ease for the moment of 8 . 00 o'clock to arrive to relieve the number
5 crew.
"Suddenly at about ten minutes of eight our No. 5 gunner sighted the periscope of a submarine,
which appeared off our starboard side, between us and the Agamemnon, at a distance of about
500 yards. He immediately fired, but the periscope did not remain visible for more than seven
seconds. At sound of the gun we hastily put on our life preservers and started for our stations.
We hadn't reached them befoi-e a terrific explosion occurred — the torpedo had reached its mark,
striking us fairly amidships, just beneath the boiler rooms. Our great ship was fairly lifted out
of the water, then rolled and tossed and leaped again several times, trying as it seemed to 'break
i^._^_.^
Members of 108th Infantry Building a Trench at Camp Wadswuith
148
Buffalo's Part in the World War
^^ J
The 106th Field Artillery (Old 65th) at Gun Practice on the South Carolina Range
Buffalo's Part in the World War
149
Final Inspection of 108th at Camp Wadsworth, May, 1918, on Eve of Overseas Trip
her back' at each jump. Finally with great shivering and quaking she righted herself, settling
some 14 feet at the stern and then listing quite badly. At the first shock and in the rolling that
followed the men were thrown about the decks, some of them being injured quite severely, and
I, myself, was thrown some twenty feet to the deck and hurled about. The men finally reached
their stations and the guns directed salvos at the spot where the submarine periscope had appeared.
By that time the compartment doors between the bulkheads had been closed to prevent further
shipping of water; and the destroyers were racing here and there dropping depth bombs. But
there was no evidence that they had destroyed or disabled the submersible.
"After things had quieted down somewhat, it was found that thirty-six of our firemen had been
killed outright, and four so badly injured that they died a few days later at Bi'est. The ship lost
more than eight hundred tons of coal, had all her upper decks and her keel split, and nearly all
movable fixtures and appurtenances were overturned, broken or twisted out of shape. Of course,
our ships and convoy returned to Brest and we made port under our own steam in about 16 hours,
arriving there at 2.10 A. M. on the following morning."
Forty Buffalo boys were aboard the "Mt. Vernon" when she was torpedoed, and hundreds
of other Buffalo and Erie county lads were on other transports engaged in the same sort of
work. Their experiences did not differ materially, except that the submarines did not succeed
in disabling many of our transports.
150 Buffalo's Part in the World War
CHAPTER XLV
ABOARD AN AMERICAN TRANSPORT
THE Government had very few stevedores in the ways when the troops were going over and
Buffalo sailors, in addition to sailing the ships, loaded the boats and unloaded them at
Brest and St. Nazaire.
When the troops were moved up to the port of embarkation it was the Government's policy
to hold them there for a period of about ten days, during which time every man had a thorough
physical examination. The boys were not permitted to communicate with their relatives or
friends, although some devised means of slipping news to the outside world. The idea of secrecy
was to prevent information as to the time of departure from falhng into the hands of the enemy.
As the boys went aboard the ship they received a card bearing an inscription of which the follow-
ing is typical :
R. M. S. "CARPATHIA"
Keep This Card
Your Sleeping Quarters are in Section No. 3
Berth No. 139
You Eat at Mess No. 18
First Sitting
In connection with this mess card they were given a set of instructions for conduct aboard the
ship. These instructions were identical in each case. The following is a copy of the instructions
issued to the members of Base Hospital No. 23.
U. S. S. "MADAWASKA"
Instructions For Troops
1 . Every square foot of space on the ship is utilized. This necessitates using, when not on duty, only the quarters
and deck space assigned you as follows: After well deck, B deck galleries and C deck abaft officers' quarters.
2 . Use ladders, stairways and passageways assigned you to and from the compartments in which you sleep.
3 . Visiting in quarters assigned Navy Crew is forbidden.
4 . Members of Navy Crew are forbidden to visit troop quarters.
5 . Use garbage cans provided for all waste material.
6. Throw nothing overboard.
7 . Do not smoke or show the smallest light on the open decks from sunset to sunrise. The glow of a cigarette may
enable the enemy to torpedo us.
8 . Smoking will not be permitted between sunset and sunrise except in officers' quarters.
9 . No enlisted man will be allowed to have matches in his possession. Smoking lamps will be provided.
10. As much fresh water will be provided you as the ship can furnish.
11 . The alarm gongs when sounded mean abandon ship or abandon ship drill. Fall in at your station and await
orders. In case it should become necessary to abandon ship, do not become panic stricken and crowd ladders and
boats. Follow the proceedings as quietly as you would for abandon-ship drill. Instructions will come from the
ship's officers to your own officers when it is time to take to the boats or life rafts. Ships often float for hours
after being torpedoed.
12 . Do not under any circumstances open any air ports, water-tight doors or hatches. They will be opened when
necessary by the Navy Crew.
13. If you should fall overboard it will more than likely be impossible to stop and pick you up.
14 . In the danger zone all men of the crew and troops not on duty shall be considered lookouts. Report anything
suspicious to the nearest lookout station.
15. A life preserver will be found in each berth. These are in the form of pillows and may be used for that purpose
also. When you leave the ship, make sure that your life preserver is left in your berth as you found it. If you
lose your life preserver it may mean that you will have to go without one for the rest of the trip.
16. While on board this ship you will receive the Navy ration of food. There is a plentiful ration for each man,
and if you will co-operate with the ship's people in the troop messing system there can be no trouble about any
of you going short of food.
Buffalo's Part in the World War
151
An American Transport with Harljor Escort
17. Meals will be issued on the cafeteria system, from fifteen serving stations, and troops will use their own field
mess gear. When "Mess Call" sounds, troops will fall in in the spaces designated by their company officers,
with their mess gear in hand. You will then file past your own serving station and receive your ration.
The printed squares on this card are your mess tickets for the meals you are entitled to receive while on board
this vessel. This card will be on a short loop of cord and will be suspended around the neck. When approaching
the serving station for your ration, have this card hung outside your clothing, so that it may be taken and punched
by the non-commissioned officer in charge. Second helpings may be had in almost anything except dessert. Do not
take more than you really need. Wastefulness on your part means that the quantity of food must be cut down later.
A space has been provided for washing your mess gear. Make use of it after each meal.
On account of crowded conditions and insufficient ventilation, it is important that you spend most of your time
on the open decks. Always take your blankets with you when you go on the open decks.
Standee bunks must be folded up neatly at all hours of the day while the lights are on.
Do not spit on the deck. It is a filthy, unsanitary habit which will not be tolerated.
C. McCauley, Lieut. Comd'r, U. S. N.
Executice Officer.
Attached to the foregoing was a card identifying the days of the week. At each meal the card
was punched.
Those who landed at Brest received their meals at a common kitchen cared for by the camp
personnel, but most of the Buffalo men arriving at St. Nazaire found no such arrangement and
their first duty on disembarking was to set up their company kitchens and make a requisition
for supplies. They furnished their own rations immediately after entering the camp. The men were
billeted in French barracks which had been erected at that port. Some, of course remained in these
embarkation camps longer than others, but most of the troops were out of there in a week or so.
18
19
20
21
22
152 Buffalo's Part in the World War
CHAPTER XLVI
77th division WITHIN THUNDER OF GUNS
BUFFALO drafted men from Camps Dix and Upton had made brief trips home during the
months of November and December. A football game at Thanksgiving time between the
Camp Dix team composed of brilliant college players, and the All-Buffalo team brought a
delegation of possibly 500 drafted men to Buffalo. The game was played at Olympic Park, and
was won by Camp Dix, primarily through the team work of the soldiers, but especially by the
individual efforts of Lieut. Mount Pleasant, the Carhsle Indian star who played in the back field
for the soldier visitors.
Again, at Christmas time, many of the drafted men were home on ten-day furloughs, but on
that occasion they were home to say good-by before their departure overseas. The 77th Divi-
sion, made up of drafted men from New York State, more than 1000 of them from Buffalo and Erie
County, was the first of the draft divisions to go overseas. It was followed by the 78th Division.
The first selective service men to go into the 77th Division arrived at Camp Upton in the early
part of September, 1917. At the same time the advance guard of the 78th Division arrived at
Camp Dix. Buffalo's first draft contingent went into the 78th Division, at Camp Dix, while the
New York City men went to Camp Upton. In the forty per cent quota of drafted men which
left Buffalo in the Fall a portion went to Upton and the balance to Dix. They formed a hetero-
geneous assortment of unlicked civilians, and included boys of every race, creed and class. Boys
from the docks mingled with boys from Delaware Avenue and vigorous youngsters from the far
East Side; Sunday school teachers and prize-fighters and boys from the farms became bunkies.
It was a typical haul of the draft law dragnet, and it missed no element of the white race in Buffalo
or the towns.
Among the units comprised in the 77th Division was the 302d Engineers. When the Division
was being made ready for overseas service in the latter part of February a special call was made
for men to fill up the engineer regiment. Buffalo furnished men from Exemption Districts No. 8,
No. 9 and No. 15. Neither the local boards receiving the call nor the drafted men themselves
knew the particular purpose of that special call. The men were inducted into the United States
militaiy sei-vice on February 25th, and the following day were marched to the station behind
bands and waving colors, proud but sad-hearted relatives and friends.
The 302nd Regiment of Engineers was organized at Camp Upton upon the airival of those
men. A month later the regiment moved out for overseas service. The advance guard of the regi-
ment left Camp Upton early Good Friday morning, March 29, 1918, embarking on the Cunard
S. S. "Carmania" in New York harbor sailing the same evening for Halifax. They arrived at
Halifax on Easter Sunday morning. There a convoy was in progress of organization for some
of the units of the 77th Division, and the "Carmania" with three other liners and an escorting
British warship, proceeded to Liverpool.
The convoys of the 77th Division collected in Halifax. They began sailing from New York on
March 27th directly after the German drive began. The sailings continued until April 1st. In
the main convoy which left Halifax were nine ships led by an American cruiser. The first of the
division (Engineers) landed in Liverpool on April 12th and the final convoy arrived on April 19th.
The voyage of the Engineers, like that of the other units of the Division, was uneventful, except
for a submarine attack on the morning of April 11th. The torpedo narrowly missed the Carmania,
but damaged the stern of the escorting warship. Liverpool was reached during the night of April
12-13th. The 77th Division was the first National Army Division to arrive in France, and the
302nd Engineers were the first regiment of the Division to cross the ocean. From Liverpool they
were hurried to Dover, and the following day crossed the Channel to Calais. It was the first
American regiment to land at Calais for training with the British.
Buffalo's Part in the World War 153
The Engineers, the first to move, left Calais on April 16th before the entire Division had arrived.
They left via the box car route for Audruicq and marched to Ruminghem in the Pas-de-Calais
area, where they had their first experience in billets. The furious bombardments incident to the
big German drive against Kemmel Hill and Ypres could be plainly heard by the 77th men at
that training area, and rumors were thick that the Division would soon be in it. They expected
to be thrown in as victims to check the German rush for the Channel Ports and immediately
began training under the tutelage of the 39th British Division.
Lieutenant Karl Wilhelm, of Buffalo, in relating subsequently some of the experiences of the
Division in that training camp said most of the excitement was made up of rumors. "We saw no
front line fighting there as a unit," he said, "On two or three occasions we occupied reserve
trenches behind the British lines and were under spasmodic shell fire which amounted to very
little. While we were in the billets numerous aeroplane raids took place. Their main objective
was a Canadian aerodrome about one and one-half miles from us and our casualties were very
few."
They were billeted in a rest camp, so-called, at that port. There they had their first sight of
war, for they viewed on all sides the ruined buildings bombed by Boche aviators during the days
that had gone before.
They prepared for business by turning in their Springfield rifles and drawing British Enfields.
Here, too, they parted with their immense barrack bags, the contents of which they had so care-
fully and discriminatingly acquired. Two outfits for each man were in each bag. They bade good-
by to the bags forever. In their place, they received gas masks and steel helmets. From Calais
the Division, minus the Engineers who had gone on ahead, was taken to the Department of Pas
de Calais, travelling in box cars, which on the previous day had been used for the transportation
of horses — 40 hommes or 8 cheveaux.
Walter F. Kenline, a private in the 302nd Engineers, in charge of the records at Regimental
headquarters, recorded the procedure of the Engineers from that point. He states that on Decora-
tion Day, May 30, rather suddenly the regiment was ordered to move. That was the same day
the Regulars over at Chaumont-en-Vixen were ordered to Meaux to stop the rush on Paris. The
National Army men up in the Mt. Kemmel neighborhood, however, were ordered out on a long,
tiring march, well made, which took them to the vicinity of Locquinghem and Belle, a new Amer-
ican training area, which the Engineers proceeded to put in order. On June 7th, they moved
again, this time by train, to a railhead near St. Pol back of the Arras front. The regiment then
entrained again to leave the British for the so-called American sector. A three day ride, begun
June 10th, took them to Thaon-les-Vosges. On June 17th, Regimental Headquarters, Head-
quarters Company and Company F marched to Baccarat relieving similar elements of the 117th
Engineers (Rainbow Division). The remainder of the Division followed three days later.
154 Buffalo's Part in the World War
CHAPTER XLVII
SEEING PARIS WITH DON MARTIN
DON Martin spent January and February in and about London where he learned London men
and London ways. He was schooling himself for intelligent work among the Allied forces.
It is necessary to see a country and to know its people to write clearly of their activities.
Early in March Martin crossed the Channel to France. American soldiers and sailors were to
be seen at that time in Paris and the Channel ports.
As American officers and members of the regular army were making preparations to leave for
the front, Martin was visiting the points of interest in the great Parisian city for which the German
troops were headed and to save which it then seemed was to be the first American task on French
soil. Martin's description of that point of American interest was given in letters to his daughter:
"Paris, March 11, 1918.
Hotel Crillon.
"Dorothy:
"I brought my typewriter along with me and so you are liable to get another long, long letter. It may be full
of mistakes because the machine is half locked up and the table on which it stands is so high that it is very awk-
ward for me.
"However I decided to tell you about my first visit to Paris and the trip from London here. I have been in Paris
less than 24 hours but I have already seen enough to understand why it is called the most beautiful city in the world.
Whenever I have been in other cities — say Chicago, Philadelphia or London, I have wondered why people there
didn't move to New York; I don't have the disposition to ask people here such a question. The city is just dotted
with beautiful buildings each of which is of historical interest. I walked around two or three hours this afternoon
with the manager of the Paris office of the Herald and he was able to point out many of the chief places. We saw
Notre Dame, the Hotel de Ville, the Chamber of Deputies, the Magdalene Church or Cathedral, and walked all
through the famous Latin Quarter. I sat on the piazza of the Grand Hotel in the Rue de Capucines and drank a
glass of lemonade, and walked through the Rue de la Paix, the street which has all the jewelry shops. I never saw
anything like the displays. There has been a heavy fog all day so I have seen the city at a disadvantage but to-
morrow probably the sun will be shining and I will walk around some more.
"I started in by having the best breakfast I have had since I left New York. Here the restaurants serve you as
if they were glad to do it. In London the managers and waiters serve you because, apparently, they have to do it.
There is about the same difference between London and Paris as there is between a burdock and a lily of the valley.
The waiters in this hotel saw that I was an American at once. They can always tell it and they are glad when they
get one to wait on. I told mine I wanted breakfast — although it was lunch time — and he suggested an orange, filet
of sole, fried potatoes and chocolate. It was all fine. There is no sugar to be had here now. There is no milk served
after 9 in the morning. The orange was good and the chocolate was sweetened in some way so it all tasted very
good. But the cost is very high. My bill this morning was $2.75.
"For dinner I went with Mr. Price, the Paris manager, to the famous Prunier restaurant. Mr. Bennett occa-
sionally goes there when he is in Paris. We telephoned to reserve a table. One has to do this because the applicants
for tables are so numerous. We had Portuguese oysters, roast beef and potatoes, braised endive and a fancy choco-
late pudding. The bill here for two was about 25 francs, or slightly more than $6. Everything is high everywhere
in Paris because of the scarcity of everything.
"After dinner Mr. Price went to the office and I came to my room where I am now. There is nothing to do in
the evening in Paris. The theaters are open but I don't care to go to a show I can't understand. The restaurants
all close at nine o'clock and the houses and the streets are all dark. The Germans have been bombing Paris lately
and people are keeping the city as dark as possible. I shall sit in my room till about half past ten when I shall get
into the subway — right near the hotel — and go to the Herald office at No. 38 Rue du Louvre for a half hour or so.
"This hotel, I find, is the very best hotel in Paris. Mr. Baker, Secretary of War, is staying here now. General
Pershing stayed here and all the diplomats from most of the important countries stay here. It overlooks the Tuil-
eries and is a magnificent building. Mr. Bennett believes in doing things up right. I shan't know what my program
will be until I hear from him. I wired him last night — he stays in Beaulieu on the Mediterranean — that I was here
and now I shall sit around or go sightseeing till he tells me what he has in mind. I rather expect that in a few
days I shall be on my way to the American front.
"Paris is filled with American soldiers. I must have seen a thousand to-day. I met two or three — yes four or
five — men I knew in the United States.
"There was no sea at all on the trip across the -Channel so I was not sick. I enjoyed the day in Havre. That is
Buffalo's Part in the World War
155
a very picturesque old city, with the principal business street facing the harbor and sailing ships moored just across
the street from the stores. In a big park nearby there were about 50 women selling flowers. The French are great
for flowers. I ate in a big restaurant — Tortoni's, which seats about 1,000 persons, and walked all over the principal
parts of the city before leaving at five in the afternoon. The train on which I traveled from Havre stopped just
once between Havre and Paris and that was at Rouen.
An American Correspondent in the Argonne
Watching a skirmish near Grand Pre
"Before I leave here Dorothy I shall write you another letter but it very likely will not be a long one. You will
show this letter to Mother and the rest of the folks and they will know all about my trip up to date.
With Love, Dad."
Circumstances of that night caused Don to write a letter to his daughter on the following day:
"Dorothy:
Paris, March 12, 1918.
Hotel Crillon.
"I guess your Dad is a hoodoo. Wherever he goes there seems to be an air raid. Last night when I finished the
letter to you I started down to post it and the maid was talking like a streak and waving her hands. I thought she
was having a fit of some new kind. But I discovered it was merely her French way of telling me that there was an
air raid going on. They are not used to them in Paris as they are in London, and moreover the people here are very,
very excitable, especially on air raid nights. I had heard the " alert " signal given but didn't know what it was. In Lon-
don it is called "Take Cover". Here a siren blows. It is about like the whistle on the Eureka shop. It is attached
to a steam engine which rushes about the streets. It was a dark night, but a few stars were shining and a raid was
hardly looked for. However it came and was a very fierce one — by far the worst Paris has known. The figures of
persons killed have not been given out but it is said the fatalities were quite numerous. I heard bombs strike in this
vicinity. I went down in the lobby and stayed there from a quarter to ten to a quarter to one o'clock. A lot of
most distinguished Frenchmen were sitting about and a good many prominent Americans too. I found a man from
Trenton and another from Iowa whom I knew. The lobby was darkened and the lights in all the rooms were shut
off. During a lull in the raid I and two other men started across to Palace de la Concorde to see where a bomb was
supposed to have fallen but it was so dark we lost our way and returned. This hotel is right in the heart of the
very exclusive section of Paris. It is close to the Tuileries Gardens, the Champs Elysees and a lot of other famous
and beautiful spots. Paris is rather excited to-day over last night's performance and right now people are rather
156 Buffalo's Part in the World War
expecting another raid to-night. These raids are getting to be terrible things. People are getting very sick of them
and I guess when the war is all over and everyone understands everything that has happened the world will know
why people grew tired of them. The Germans have no consideration for women, or children, hospitals, churches or
anything else. They will have to pay dearly for their barbarism some day.
"I have spent a good part of the day making arrangements to go to the front. Mr. Bennett wired me to make
arrangements to go about France with Mr. Baker, Secretary of War, who is here, but it was too late to make the
arrangements. Only the three news associations were allowed to send men. I got a telegram from Mr. Bennett to
see his lawyer here and to have him make arrangements for me to go to the front. I shall probably get a pass for a
month to start with. Mr. Bennett wants me to go to the front, look it over and tell what I think ought to be done. I
imagine he is trying to make up his mind whether he wants to spend all the money it will cost to keep me at the
front right along. You see automobile hire costs about $100 or $150 a week alone and there are other very large
items. However, unless an air bomb gets me, I shall probably be going far over in France within three or four days
— maybe sooner — and you will get a letter from me where the glare of the bombardments may be seen. It is not
so terribly far away. The nearest point in the battle line is only 60 miles from Paris, but where I shall go is con-
siderably farther than that.
"Yesterday I believe I told you that Paris is far more beautiful than all the other cities. To-night I can empha-
size that. Take the Rue Rivoli for instance, Dorothy. That runs along the Tuileries Gardens for almost a mile.
The buildings are all six stories high, are all the same, and all have marble colonnades in front of them. There are
no high buildings. This hotel, for instance, looks like a ruin on the very outside but it is beautiful just the same
and inside it is as fine as anything in New York. I sent you a post card giving a picture of it. I took an open taxi
this afternoon, it being warm and sunny, and drove all through the Champs Elysees and the Avenue Bois du Bou-
logne. They are magnificent. Everything seems to have been built and laid out with the aim of pleasing the eye.
"For dinner I went to a place called the Chatham Grill and had a splendid dinner — porterhouse steak, fine fried
potatoes, endive salad and a lot of fruit all mixed up. The cooks here certainly know how to get up things nicely.
There is no sugar or butter but the French are so clever one doesn't miss them. I have been over pretty much of
the city and can get around all right without a guide. I wish I could speak French. Most of the waiters speak
Enghsh and every hotel has a clerk who can speak English. The chief clerk here to-day appeared with an officer's
uniform. He had been on sick leave for five months and to-morrow starts again for the front.
"The people are tired of war just the same. I don't blame them. One sees plenty of one legged men, and women
in mourning, in Paris.
"I must stop writing such long letters to you or you will have to stay out of school to read them. I wish I could
get a letter or two myself but it will be a long time before I receive one, I suppose.
"Here's a hug and a kiss. Dad."
Don Martin spent the next few months in army camps and the cities of Northern France
which the Germans had not yet occupied. He visited Brest, St. Nazaire, Bordeaux and then
the more quiet sectors of the battlefront. Gradually he grew intimate with the entire war program
and rapidly advanced to a position among the foremost war correspondents in Europe. His
articles in the Herald were reproduced in the Buffalo Enquirer and were extremely interesting,
picturing as they did the fields into which the American boys of the regular army and the vast
draft and national guard forces then rapidly assembling would soon be plunged.
Buffalo's Part in the World War 157
CHAPTER XLVIII
GERMANY'S MARCH DRIVE CRUSHES BRITISH DEFENSE
A MERICAN soldiers had reached France in June, 1917. The regulars and the marines, making
Za up the First and Second Army Divisions: The 42nd Division, (Rainbow Division) con-
■*- -*- taining the 165th N. Y. Infantry in which William J. Donovan, formerly captain of Buffalo's
Troop I, was a major; 41st (Sunset) Division and the 26th, a New England National Guard di\i-
sion, to which Col. Pooley was later attached, trained through the Fall and Winter behind the
lines in France, gaining a knowledge of the newer warfare from the war itself. The First Division
went into the front line in the Vosges in October, 1917, but the Engineers of the 26th Division
were the first to take part in action, being engaged with the British at Cambrai.
On March 1st, General Pershing had four trained divisions ready to meet any demands of battle,
and more rapidly approaching that point of training. It was then contemplated that an American
sector would be formed on the front and that the United States contingent would formally enter the
front line under its own flag, commanded by its own officers and manned by its own men, supplied
by its own trains and cared for in its own hospital — an American sector in every way. The realiza-
tion of that condition was the ambition of the American fighting men in France. The four divi-
sions then ready were made up principally of regulars and marines, numbering among the latter
many Buffalo men, who a few months before had been at work in some office, railroad yard or
factory.
On March 21st Germany began her Spring drive, a move which was anticipated by the French
and English commanders. They had failed to anticipate its severity, however, and the German
forces, materially strengthened because of the impotency of Russia, swept through the territory
they had abandoned the previous year and extended their lines at will in Picardy against the
British forces.
While the Germans failed to break the British line, the British retreat was almost a rout. In
the face of that offensive, the idea of an American sector was abandoned and an agreement was
quickly reached to unite the Allied forces under a single command. General Foch was chosen
Commander-in-Chief of the Allied armies. General Pershing placed himself and the American
troops at the disposal of General Foch on March 28th.*
The first German blow had been struck at the English near La Fere and was carried through
Picardy to Cantigny and Montdidier. Another wedge was driven into the French between Soissons
and Rheims on May 27th. Up in Belgium, Mt. Kemmel had been captured, and the Channel
Ports threatened. The attack between Soissons and Rheims was a drive at Paris, and by May
30th, the French were offering no serious hindrance to the progress of the German mihtary machine
though fighting valiantly every inch of the way. On June 1st the Paris drive had reached Chateau
Thierry, but the main blow was to be delivered east of Rheims.
March and April had been thus taken up by the Germans in a terrific assault on the British,
while May saw the French lines steadily pushed back. General Haig, in command of the British,
had advised his men that they were fighting "with your backs to the wall"; and the French on
the Marne were shouting again the 1916 battle cry of Verdun "They shall not pass."
Buffalo draft boards, with the other draft boards of the country, were turning out men for the
camps at that time as rapidly as the Selective Service machinery would work. These embryo
soldiers were hurried across the ocean just as quickly as ships could be obtained to carry them
across. The call from the Allies was for men — more men — and more men. Drafted men were
*0n March 28, I placed at the disposal of Marshal Foch. who had been agreed upon as Commander-in-Chief of the Allied Armies, all of our
forces to be used as he might decide. At his request the first division was transferred from the Toul sector to a position in reserve at Chaumont en
Vexin. As German superiority in numbers required prompt action, an agreement was reached at the Abbeville conference of the Allied premiers
andlcommanders and myself on May 2 by which British shipping was to transport 10 American divisions to the British Army area, where they
were to be trained and equipped, and additional British shipping was to be provided for as many divisions as possible for use elsewhere.
(From General Pershing's report to Secretary of War. Nov. 20, 1918.)
158 Buffalo's Part in the World War
swarming into Europe. The National Guard regiments, likewise, were hurried overseas. The big
troop movement from the United States warranted General Pershing in a freer use of the older
division. While the new arrivals would need some preliminary training, the fact that reserves
were at hand gave the High Command an opportunity to throw a greater number of American
divisions into the front lines.
The call from overseas had been met by America. Not only were men being supplied, but the
shipyards were turning out more ships. The industries were turning out more supplies. The
Liberty Loan and Red Cross drives were multiplying our money millions for war use.
The 27th Division carrying the old 74th, some of them in the 108th Infantry, some in the 55th
Pioneers, some in the 102nd Engineers and others in the 102d Ammunition Train; the old 65th,
now the 106th Field Artillery, and old Troop I, now the 102d Trench Mortar Battery, left Spartan-
burg, N. C, with the June troop movement for service on the British front.
Buffalo's Part in the World War
159
CHAPTER XLIX
LIGHTLESS, HEATLESS, GASLESS DAYS
RETURNING again to affairs at home; on the 6th day of May, 1918, Elliott C. McDougal
resigned and was succeeded as United States Fuel Administrator for Erie County by Howard
A. Forman.
Mr. Forman brought to the Fuel Administration, in addition to a long successful business
career, an expert knowledge of natural gas obtained from many years' practical experience in
the business. This knowledge was of great value, as the natural gas problem was an integral part
of Buffalo's domestic fuel problem. After D. W. Cooke succeeded Mr. Wiggin as State Adminis-
trator, he invited Mr. Forman to attend the weekly meetings of the Executive Committee and
thereafter all natural gas questions were referred to him.
Mr. Forman appointed T. W. Hendrick his deputy, retained Miss Kelley as office manager,
and moved the offices from the Prudential Building to the gi-ound floor of the Liberty Building,
more commodious quarters being necessary to accommodate the public and to provide for the
increase in business. The work of the entire county was administered directly from this office,
with the exception of the help given by Local Deputy C. W. Ellis of Lackawanna and A. M.
Eberhard of Tonawanda.
The Administration at Washington issued an order on January 17th, 1918, calling for the
stoppage of work by all industries except those absolutely essential to the war. This was one of
the most drastic orders issued in connection with the military program and was necessary because
of the enormously increased demand for fuel for war making purposes, combined with the severest
winter beyond the recollection of the present generation. Blizzard after blizzard blocked the
Mess Time at One of The American Training Camps
160
Buffalo's Part in the World War
A Winter Draft Contingent
railways and hindered all forms of outdoor activities. There were four hundred eighty ships
loaded with supplies for our armies and allies waiting to be bunkered. Industries essential to the
war were at the point of closing and the railroad lines were becoming more and more congested.
The order closed all industries for five days, and on each succeeding Monday for three Mondays.
It accomplished its purpose; within three weeks, four hundred eighty ships were on their way to
Europe and there was no further delay in ships going to France on account of coal from that day.
It was not thought wise to tell the country generally of the military i-easons for this order and
while there was some grumbling, Buffalo accepted the order and obeyed it loyally.
The bituminous situation gradually bettered itself, but the problem was not entirely solved
until the following October. All through the summer it was necessary for Mr. Forman to divert
coal from one factory to another, to place embargoes on certain factories that had a supply on
hand in order that all might be kept going. This entailed a great deal of work, but in the end
successfully solved the problem, so that after October soft coal became plentiful and there was
enough for all. By the first of February soft coal was so plentiful that the Administration at
Washington issued an order removing all restrictions as to price, deliveries, etc., as of that date.
Buffalo's anthracite situation is a peculiar one for several reasons. First, because Buffalo,
situated a short distance on the main line from the anthracite fields, must wait for her coal until
New England, the lake shipments, Canada and the long hauls generally are taken care of. There
are usually good shipments in April and May but consumers who were not supplied then had to
wait for all or part of their coal. After the experience of the winter before most people were not
in the mood to wait. In the spring Washington issued an order allowing domestic consumers two-
thirds of their requirements. It became necessary later on to limit the amount so that domestic
consumers could have but four tons each, and to prohibit any deliveries to churches, apartment
houses, hotels, theaters, saloons, etc., and to prohibit deliveries to people who had previously
burned gas and were equipped to burn gas. In this way all consumers were provided with some
Buffalo's Part in the World War 161
coal by the time when cold weather usually begins. The anthracite situation became most critical
during the month of November. Buffalo had had some early cold weather and a great many people
were sick or convalescent from influenza. Most of the domestic sizes of anthracite were going up the
Lakes. Buffalo was receiving only a meager amount and very little of this was suitable for domestic
use. For a period of about thirty days it became necessary to prohibit dealers making any deliv-
eries except on an order of the Administration showing that it was for emergency purposes and then
the amount delivered was limited to one ton. Before issuing an emergency order a doctor's certifi-
cate or some strong reason must be furnished the Administration. It is estimated that during No-
vember there were continually in the fuel office from fifty to one hundred people and that three hun-
dred or f oui- hundred emergency orders were issued daily. As the weather continued mild all through
the winter the restrictions were gradually removed and everyone in the end had all the coal required.
For a great many years a good many people have depended on natural gas for heat. The gas
has been gradually failing and it became apparent that some substitute must be made.
Again, the large increase in Buffalo's population, due primarily to the influx of workers who
came here to work in the war factories, helped along the fuel shortage.
New York State's anthracite allotment was increased twelve per cent over the amount re-
ceived two years before. Due to the reasons above enumerated, Mr. Forman succeeded in
obtaining a twenty-four per cent increase in Buffalo's allotment. For a severe winter this would
not have been sufficient to take care of everyone, so supphes of coke were shipped in and, in
addition, wherever it was possible small sizes of anthracite were mixed with the larger sizes.
As previously stated, "lightless nights" were inaugurated November 15, 1917. On April 22, 1918,
this order was temporarily suspended. A new order, effective July 24, stipulated that the use of
light produced by coal, gas, oil or other fuel for illuminating or displaying advertisements, an-
nouncements or signs, or for the external ornamentation of any building would be discontinued
entirely on Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday and Thursday of each week. This order was immedi-
ately put into effect in Buffalo and, with one or two exceptions, was loyally carried out by the
merchants and citizens generally. The police force under Chief Girvin gave valuable aid and by
the end of the first week of its trial Buffalo was absolutely dark. This continued until November
11, when a change was made allowing the illumination of store windows during business hours.
On November 20, due to the fact that the bituminous coal problem had been solved, an order
was issued entirely discontinuing "lightless nights."
On August 27, 1918, as a war emergency measure, a request was issued to the people that the
use of all motor propelled vehicles, with certain limited exceptions, be discontinued on Sundays
until further notice. This was found necessary because the stocks of gasoline, particularly on the
Atlantic Seaboard, had been depleted to such an extent as to require immediate action to protect
the supply in France. The response to this request in Buffalo was instantaneous, the compliance
almost unanimous. Best estimates show Sunday' motoring in Buffalo to have decreased ninety-
eight to ninety-nine per cent. "Gasless Sundays" continued until October 20, when it was esti-
mated that a saving had been effected of at least one million barrels of gasoline, from which it
was known that more than five hundred thousand barrels, or ten shiploads, had been sent over-
seas. In carrying out this request the police force again gave valuable assistance.
It was known at Washington from the very start that the solution of the world war problem
would depend on the solution of America's fuel problem. Fuel, the driving force of the war, must
be available in quantities sufficient to insure victory. Without fuel the vast and intricate machinery
of war industries would stop. The production of coal in every other belligerent nation had de-
creased from twenty-five to fifty per cent over the production of pre-war days. In 1916 America
had produced a little more than five hundred million tons of soft coal. From April 1, 1918, to
April 1, 1919, it was estimated that we must produce seven hundred thirty-five million tons, of
which six hundred thirty-five million tons must come from the bituminous fields, notwithstanding
the fact that thousands of miners from these districts had joined the colors. The fact that the
soft coal problem was solved by October, 1918, shows the work accomplished.
162
Buffalo's Part in the World War
New 74th Regiment
During January and February mild weather continued until the anthracite requirements were
all taken care of and anthracite also became plentiful. Washington therefore issued its final order
decreeing that all restrictions as to delivery, price, etc., of anthracite were removed as of March 1.
The Buffalo office was closed as of that date and its records shipped to Washington. Its work
was completed and there was no legal problem, or unfinished business of any kind left over.
In closing it is only just to state that the willing co-operation, help and advice given the Ad-
ministration by the coal dealers of Buffalo materially assisted in the success the Administration
attained. This willing co-operation could not have been purchased at any price nor enforced by
Federal laws that might have been passed, but was a part of the contribution of patriotic citizens
to the winning of the war.
I'.UFFALo's Part in the World War 163
CHAPTER L
BUFFALO WOMEN FACE THE HUN
WHEN Congress and the American people fully awoke to the fact that war was here with all its
exactions and sacrifices, not the last to realize the needs of the hour, and among the first
to respond to the call for service, were the women of Buffalo and Erie County. Organiza-
tions sprang up over night for relief work ; the production of sweaters, helmets, socks and gloves
were among the early fruits of the patriotic effort of Buffalo women. Funds began to grow for
the Belgian, French and Syrian sufferers under the impetus of women. Church and fraternal
societies formed war working organizations from among their women auxiliaries, until every
locality had an enthusiastic force of women workers doing their share toward winning the war.
To increase the efficiency of that work, the Motor Corp girls came into the field, a new move-
ment, something in advance, an agency through which the various locality movements could be
brought into immediate and effective touch, one with the other, and finally all, with a great
central agency — the Red Cross.
As men were called away from their diverse and several occupations, girls stepped forward to
take their places. Many cities employed women conductors on the street cars. The elevators in
the office-buildings and hotels were soon operated by women. Women for a time served, in Buffalo,
at the task of collecting ashes and garbage, wheeling the refuse from back yards to the curb from
which point men loaded it on the wagons. On the farms women workers rapidly stepped into the
places theretofore filled by men, and the farm work of the country while supervised by men was
largely performed by women. It was a substantial and a difficult work women accomplished in
the production of food and clothing and supplies. Wherever commerce or industry showed the
need they kept the wheels in motion, and they played no small part in the affairs of the country
during the period of the war.
When the American troops went overseas the need for American hospitals and American nurses
was apparent, and these the Red Cross sought to supply. The girls who left Buffalo and the
surrounding towns to serve as Red Cross and Army nurses rendered a faithful and valorous
service as the record of the Red Cross, embodied in another chapter, so clearly and concisely
shows.
But canteens, also, had to be established. The fighting man must not be entirely cut off from
the comforts he found at home; he was not to be left to his own resources. In his days of hard-
ship and struggle and strife he was to find that the American girls would cross the ocean with
him and stand by his side wherever duty might call them. On his way to the fighting line, he
was encouraged by a handshake, a cup of chocolate, a smile, a cigarette, and a Godspeed from
an American girl who, too, had dared the Hun, and who was prepared to make whatever sacrifice
need be made in order that all the world might be safe for Democracy. On his way back from
the field of battle, wounded, the canteen workers were there to lessen his pain by little acts of
kindness and consolation which only a woman can give.
Buffalo girls were not slow to go overseas in that work. Among the first to leave were Miss
Alice Lord O'Brian and Miss Anna P. Rochester for the American Red Cross, the last named
serving later with the Smith College Red Cross Unit; Miss Margaret F. Rochester, Y. M. C. A.
Canteen Directrice and Miss Doris Kellogg who went over with a motor repair organization
but was transferred first to Mrs. Vanderbilt's hospital in Paris, and later to canteen work for
the Red Cross. Other Buffalo women who gave their services to the Government overseas under
the auspices of the American Red Cross were: Mary Bissell, Helen Boechat, Emily Coit, Sue
Churchill, Orpha Gerrans, Mary F. Houghton, Lillian Mugler, Clara Michael, Edwine Michael,
Margaret Morrison, Dorothy Palmer, Mrs. Herman Seelbach, Dorothea Park Lewis, Katherine
Park Lewis, Mai-jory F. Sawyer, Xenia Slopey, Mrs. Elizabeth Slopey, Mildred Windsor,
164
Buffalo's Part in the World War
Buffalo Motor Corps Girls at Drill and on Parade
Buffalo's Part in the World War 165
Mrs. John Knox Freeman, Dr. Regina Flood Keyes and Mrs. George W. Davenport. Mrs.
Freeman was later decorated by the Serbian Government.
Helen Crosby and Bessie Vine went overseas under the auspices of other organizations but
were transferred to the Red Cross after their arrival in Europe.
For the most part, the girls who went into foreign canteen work were young women of wealth
and social position. In addition, they had a great deal of what we are in the habit of calling
good old American grit. No namby-pamby girl would attempt it; a girl lacking in means could
scarcely afford the venture. Buffalo produced its quota of courageous American girls who were
willing to give up the comforts of home and loved ones and face all the hardships and dangers
which field work of that sort necessarily produced.
During her period of service in France, Miss O'Brian trained 85 girls in canteen work, and for
her services throughout the period of the war was decorated by the French Government. She
had left Buffalo early in September, 1917, and sailed from New York on the "Espagne" on the
17th, arriving at Bordeaux on the 26th day of September. After about a month in Paris, she
went with five other girls, to open a canteen at St. Germain-des-Fosses. That canteen was for-
mally opened on the 11th day of November, 1917, just a year prior to the armistice, and was
the third French canteen to be opened by the American Red Cross. It was situated at a large
railroad junction in the central part of France, and, while in its earlier days it fed not more than
two or three hundred soldiers a day, it gradually grew until the canteen was feeding upward of
2,500 soldiers daily. Miss O'Brian worked at that canteen for the greater part of her time in
France, leaving on September 12th, the date of the St. Mihiel offensive, answering a call for vol-
unteer hospital workers at the front. While detailed with an evacuation hospital unit near Nancy
she was thrown from a truck and sustained a broken arm which necessitated her return to Paris
for medical attention. The rest of her time was spent in the conduct of Red Cross hotels in and
near Paris. She left there on March 23d, 1919, for England, whence she sailed for home.
Anna P. Rochester was another Buffalo girl who went to France with the first unit of laywomen
to be sent across by the American Red Cross. She left here in September, 1917.
Miss Rochester had a vast amount of experience in Red Cross work prior to her departure.
Beginning in March, 1916, and until June of the same year, she was an assistant director in the
planning of work and preparation of material for volunteer workers who were making surgical
dressings at the Buffalo Chapter of the Red Cross work rooms in Main Street. From June until
October, 1916, she was engaged in the arduous task of organizing the Red Cross work rooms at
Lee, Mass., remaining there until the new quarters were in efficient operation.
Miss Rochester returned to Buffalo in October of 1916 and became Assistant Director of Vol-
unteer Workers for Buffalo Chapter A. R. C. and took charge of the packing department where
all the surgical dressings, patients' clothing and hospital linen for the use of Base Hospital 23 was
packed for shipment. The work rooms were situated first in Chippewa Street and later in
Delaware Avenue.
Along with other Buffalo girls, she had been thus especially active in the Red Cross work of
preparation on this side of the ocean and when she arrived in France in October, 1917, she was
numbered among the best equipped girls in overseas service and was assigned to work in the
Railroad Station Canteen at St. Germain-des-Fosses which was open day and night feeding
French troops ("La Cantine des Deux Drapeaux").
In March, 1918, Miss Rochester was made Co-Directrice of the Red Cross Rest Station, being
a canteen, dormitory and infirmary at Nantes on the line of communication for American troops.
At that station she, with other girls, fried thousands of dozens of eggs and made hundreds of gal-
lons of coffee for the soldiers as they passed back and forth from the front lines.
In July Miss Rochester was attached to the Smith College Unit and did emergency relief work
among the American troops. They established a canteen at Beauvois, back of the Soissons front,
and made it a club for English speaking soldiers. The College Unit was also organized into a
Visiting Group, which visited every American and Britisher in the ten big French hospitals located
Buffalo's Part in the World War 167
at Beauvois. These trips were made every day with a view of encouraging the boys and rendering
such assistance as they could in the way of communicating with relatives and obtaining any little
necessity of which the boys stood in want. During the month of August they were moved up to
Chateau Thierry and there fed and administered to all the wounded brought in from the surround-
ing territory to be evacuated by train. They did considerable emergency work, also, up near the
hnes at Coincy.
While stationed at Chateau Thierry Miss Rochester made four trips down the Marne to Paris
with boat loads of wounded soldiers, very many of them coming at that time from the 77th Di\'i-
sion, and among them Carl Johndahl, Buffalo soldier who was severely wounded on the Vesle.
In fact, most of the men that Miss Rochester took down on boats to Paris were members of the
77th Division who were injured in the fighting at Bazoches and Fismes on the Vesle. Many
wounded men of the 28th Division, the Pennsylvania National Guard men, were also carried down
on those boats.
During the month of September and up until the Armistice was signed in November, the
Smith College Unit, of which Miss Rochester was one of the most active members, was located
behind the Meuse-Argonne Drive and there they did exceptionally good work. With one other
girl. Miss Rochester established canteens for the wounded at five evacuation hospitals located
at Froidos, Fleury, Les Islettes and Varennes. She was at the last named camp when the Armistice
was signed. These girls lived in tents from August through November; in fact, until they were
returned to the hospital work in Paris, preparatory to their return to America.
Miss Rochester's aunt, Margaret F. Rochester, went abroad as a Y. M. C. A. Secretary and
became Directrice of a Y. M. C. A. Canteen for convalescent soldiers at Neuilly-sur-Seine.
Miss Margaret Rochester sailed for France, June 11th, 1918, and shortly after her arrival in
Paris opened the canteen at Neuilly-sur-Seine, and thousands of men were received there. For-
tunately, it was possible to secure quarters in a building opposite the large American hospital
known as Ambulance No. 1, so the cripples, on their first walks, could get over to Miss Rochester's
canteen and enjoy the easy chairs, books, papers, magazines, writing materials, games, canteen
supplies, piano, victrola and other things provided for their comfort.
Here also they enjoyed Sunday evening services, and frequently musical and dramatic enter-
tainments given during the week. Miss Rochester remained here until May, 1919, when the
hospital having been closed, there was no further need for this canteen. She was then made
Directrice of a Y. M. C. A. hut at the American Military Prison installed in the Prison de la
Petite Roquette in Paris. There a large room in the barracks she converted into a recreation
room for the soldier guards and trusty prisoners, who were very appreciative of that home-like
spot in the midst of their grim surroundings. That canteen of which she was in charge at the
time this publication went to press, was well equipped with library, games, piano, etc. Entertain-
ments for the men still held there were frequently given.
The work of the Buffalo canteen girls overseas constitutes a most interesting chapter in the
history of Buffalo and Buffalonians during the period of the war. The nature of that work is
graphically told in the letters which Doris Kellogg penned to her mother, Mrs. Spencer Kellogg,
and to other members of her family from the various canteens and hospitals in France where
she served.
Buffalo's Part in the World War 169
CHAPTER LI
AMERICAN ALLIED EXPOSITION AND BAZAAR
IN 1914, the Prince of Wales Patriotic Refief Fund, of which Edward J. Kingston was President,
had for its object the collection of funds for the relief of English soldiers engaged in the war.
In January, 1917, Frank L. Talbot, who was one of the managers of the Detroit Bazaar, was
asked to come to Buffalo relative to holding a similar bazaar in Buffalo. In February, 1917, a
contract was made between Mr. Talbot and the members of the above organization, and, to avoid
personal liability, on March 14, 1917, a corporation was formed known as the Allied Relief Com-
mittee, Inc. The incorporators thereof were: Henry G. Anderson, Edward K. Kingston, William
Atkinson, Frank Keller, Frank H. Callan, and Alfred L. Karrison. After said corporation was
formed, the individual men who had made the contract with said Frank L. Talbot assigned said
contract to said Allied Relief Committee, Inc., and all the money of said bazaar was handled
under that corporation.
Norman A. MacDonald of the Citizens Commercial Trust Co. was made Treasurer, and all
moneys were deposited to the credit of said Allied Relief Committee, Inc., in the Citizens Commer-
cial Trust Co. The entrance of the United States in the World War influenced the original pro-
moters of the bazaar to unite the peoples of various nationalities in Buffalo to participate in the
Bazaar. An Executive Committee was formed and consisted of three members of each nationality,
with power to select the various committees. The title of the Bazaar selected was"The American
AlHed Exposition and Bazaar." A. A. Landon, President of the Chamber of Commerce, was elected
President, Roy Crandall, Director of Publicity, Maxwell M. Nowak, Chairman Executive Com-
mittee, and Mrs. Kenry Altman unanimously appointed General Chairman, Women's Advisory
Board. The Bazaar was most artistic and a financial success, with booths representing the follow-
ing peoples: American, English, Scotch, Welch, French, Canadian, Armenians, Roumanians, Poles,
Syrians, Isle of Man, Slovak, Belgians, Italians, and, two weeks before the Bazaar opened, the
Orpheus and the Irish joined the Exposition. In addition, there was a Blue Cross and Red Star
booth and the British Imperial forces in India under the charge of Ruston Rustomjec. The
Red Cross and Orpheus handed over their funds to the General Committee. In the short
space allotted this chapter, it would be impossible to enumerate all of the interesting incidents
and characteristics of the beautiful picture presented which greeted the eye on entering the
Broadway Auditorium. The vast ceiling represented an American flag carried out in Red, White
and Blue electric lights. The perfect exhibit of trenches and the Canadian War Exhibit were of
an educational nature and the consensus of opinion was that the Bazaar did much to bring the
people of this city to a realization of the fact that only through unity could the great task for
victory be accomplished.
Polish night held in the large pavilion was a historic day for the Poles in Buffalo, because it
was the first occasion that linked them with other nationalities united in all projects of the war pro-
gram. Some 6,000 Poles, including Polish soldiers, presented their national colors and American
flags, to the accompaniment of the solemn Polish national air, to the officers and invited guests
on the platform. Speeches were made by Maxwell Nowak, A. A. Landon, Mrs. Kenry Altman, and
Rev. Anthony Majewski.
Italian night brought together thirty-two Italian societies, and it was said that 5,800 Itahans
were present.
Great disappointment was felt that Ex-President Roosevelt could not open the Bazaar.
English night had as its honor guests ex-Ambassador Gerard and Mr. James Bech, and the
Chaplain of the Royal Guards.
French afternoon was made very successful by the presence of Yvette Guilbert. In apprecia-
tion of her gratuitous services, the French Committee gave her $1,500 for the support of 150
170 Buffalo's Part in the World War
little French children Madame Guilbert was personally caring for in France. The "Welsh Doll,"
representing Premier Lloyd George's daughter, proved a great attraction and the $3,000 sent
by this booth to the Lloyd George American Fund was acknowledged in the following letter:
"This Committee can confidently state that the money sent to our Prime Minister has been of great and contin-
uous value in assisting the Welsh people in meeting the difficulties caused by the war. Has brought relief and
restored happiness and comfort to hundreds of homes throughout the length and breadth of Wales."
Too much praise cannot be given to the promoters of the Irish Booth for their successful
efforts in raising and working for the second largest amount realized at the Fair. At enthusi-
astic meetings presided over by Judge Kenefick at the Genesee Hotel, inaugurated their cam-
paign.
The Soldiers' Comfort Booth supplied many soldiers and sailors with comforts and the war
exhibit loaned by the Canadian Government was sent in charge of Captain Short, a Canadian
soldier who had lost both legs in the early days of the war.
May 24th, Canadian Special Day, had for its principal speaker Hon. R. B Bennett of Calgary.
The American and all other booths were equally attractive and the proceeds realized therefrom,
$160,000, attested to the weeks of hard work preceding the Bazaar and the faithful service of the
men and women throughout the ten days of the exposition.
Buffalo's Part in the World War
171
CHAPTER LII
SECOND RED CROSS DRIVE
THE second Red Cross War Fund drive took place May 18 to May 27, 1918. The quota for
Buffalo was $1,500,000 and the result was so successful that this quota was over subscribed
several days before the end of the time allotted.
Preparations for this drive, under leadership of Robert W. Pomeroy, were commenced several
weeks before the actual day of opening. Splendid publicity was given by the newspapers and
the work of carrying on this big undertaking was organized down to the minutest detail. Mr.
Pomeroy had as his associates representative men and women of the city of Buffalo whose
energy, perseverance and tact made the great success of this drive. The vice-presidents were:
Nisbet Grammer, Morris Tremaine and Henry P. Werner. Members of the Advisory Committee
were:
J. W. CovvpER, Chairman J. C. Dann E. B. Holmes
E. J. BARCALO J. H. McNULTY P. J. KUHN
Richard L. Ball J. F. Schoellkopf, Jr. H. F. Russell
C. L. Couch R. H. Thompson J. N. Mandeville
WOMEN'S COMMITTEE
Mrs. R. H. Thompson, Chairman
Team Captain
NO. 1 — Mrs. F. B. Baird
NO. 2 — Mrs. L. E. Bartlett
NO. 3 — Mrs. E. H. Butler
NO. 4 — Mrs. S. M. Clement
NO. 5 — Mrs. .Jacob Dold
NO. 6 — Mrs. A. J. Elias
NO. 7 — Mrs. H. A. Forman
Team Captain Team
No. 8— Mrs. C. L. Gurney No. 14 — Mrs.
No. 9— Mrs. Clark L. Ingham No. 15 — Mrs.
No. 10— Mrs. John Larkin, Jr. No. 16 — Mrs.
No. 11— Mrs. W. A. Morgan No. 17 — Mrs.
No. 12— Mrs. F. S. McGraw No. 18— Mrs.
No. 13 — Mrs. Wm. P. Northrup No. 19 — Mrs.
Captain
Theo. W. Pomeroy
H. T. Ramsdell
F. S. SiDWAY
Arnold Watson
C. R. Wyckoff
Harry Yates
A Living Red Cross of Buffalo School Girls
172
Buffalo's Part in the World War
J. W. COWPER
F. B. Baird
Team Captain
No. 1 — Perry E. Wurst
No. 2 — W. H. Kennedy
No. 3 — Wm. Lansill
No. 4 — Dr. Chas. R. Borzilleri
No. 5 — Chas. R. Robinson
No. 6 — James L. Crane
No. 7 — C. L. GURNEY
No. 8— John W. Schoen
No. 9 — Dudley M. Irwin
No. 10 — Philip J. Wickser
No. 11— F. W. FiSKE, Jr.
No. 12 — Wm. a. Douglas
No. 13— R. L. Wood
No. 14 — Dr. C. H. Andrews
No. 15 — Wm. R. Huntley
majors
C. H. McCullough
F. C. Kantrowitz
Team Captain
No. 16 — Max Lubelski
No. 17 — Dr. E. L. Volgenau
No. 18 — J. E. Mueller
No. 19 — John K. Walker
No. 20— H. T. Burns
No. 21 — Dr. Earl P. Lothrop
No. 22— P. G. Lapey
No. 23 — R. J. Seidenberg
No. 24 — Roland Crangle
No. 25— J. F. Murray
No. 26 — John T. Leader
No. 27 — I. M. Mosher
No. 28 — Ansley Sawy'ER
No. 29— P. S. Millspaugh
W. H. Andrews
Frank Winch
Team Captain
No. 30 — Henry May
No. 31— J. W. Van Allen
No. 32 — John J. Poland
No. 33— Robt. K. Root
No. 34— S. J. Tucker
No. 35 — C. W. Underwood
No. 36— E. F. A. Kurtz
No. 37 — Martin L. Kratz
No. 38— W. H. Gratwick
No. 39— W. H. Joyce
No. 40— Frank W. Tracy
No. 41— D. J. Sweeney
No. 42— Geo. E. Smith
No. 43 — H. Ernest Montgomery
ERIE county-
Major,
Branch
Akron , .
Alden
Amherst
Angola ....
Arcade ....
Athol Springs
Blasdell
Boston
Bowmansville
Chaffee
Clarence
Clarence Center
Colden .
Collins .
Collins Center
Cowlesville ,
Crittenden
Depew .
Derby .
East Amherst
East Aurora
Eden
Elma .
Farnham
Gowanda
Grand Island .
Griffins Mills
Hamburg
Holland . .
Captam
Victor Boyd
J. L. Miller
Arthur Suor
Rev. Father Keavin
J. S. Smith
G. Rupert Lesch
George W. Jack
Henry W. Baker
Bert Longmate
C. W. Hillman
Mrs. a. O. Hahl
Ansley Zurbrick
Rev. William T. Dunstan
G. P. Harris
Rev. Chas. Carpenter
George W^illard
R. I. Dickinson
Elwin B. Rowley
Stuart R. Mann
George Muegel
Fay H. Ball
Mrs. John C. Hubbell
Elon Clark
Thomas G. Walker
William Krebs
Anna De Glopper
W. H. Smith
Frederick Eaton
Fred H. Ellsworth
OUTSIDE OF BUFFALO
Edna Stainton
Branch Captain
Iroquois Mrs. J. Emory Fischer
Java Frank Walker
Java Center . Rev. E. J. McCaffrey
Java Village Miss Mary Sheehe
Kenmore E. E. Niday
Lackawanna Dr. E. M. Tracy
Lancaster C. K. Porter
Lawtons CD. TiCE
Marilla Mrs. Fremont Brown
Millgrove
North Collins
North Evans
Orchard Park
Porterville
Sardinia . .
Sloan . .
South Wales
Springville
Strykersville
Tonawanda
Town Line
Versailles
Wales , . .
Wales Center
West Falls ,
West Seneca
Williamsville
Williston
Otto H. Wende
David Nelson
W. J. Critoph
T. E. Morgan
Mrs. C. C. Adams
Cory Casey
Mrs. John Carr
George Oelheiser
Harry S. Gray
H. O. Johnson
Le Grand De Graff
Charles F. King
Mrs. Nellie R. Johnson
P. G. Havens
Dr. Wooster
Dr. p. a. McCrae
Mrs. M. W. Pleister
G. L. Helfter
Miss My^ers
On Thursday, May 16th, a get-together dinner of the committees was held at the Lafayette
Hotel. General Chairman Robert W. Pomeroy presided, and the speakers were L. P. Shumway
of Washington, D. C, Lieutenant Bruce H. Richardson of Winnipeg, Canada, and Major D. M.
Mathieson. The dinner was most successful and the speakers were enthusiastically received and
many large subscriptions were taken in that evening. Chairman Pomeroy announced the fol-
lowing heads of special committees:
Publicity, Finley H. Greene; Speakers, Edward H. Letchworth; Lighting and Cards, James N. Mandeville;
Transportation, Dai H. Lewis, and Mrs. Harry A. Spaulding; Women's Committee, Mrs. Richard H. Thompson;
Buffalo's Part in the World War 173
House to House Canvass, William G. Moncrieff; Industrial, H. P. Parrock: Schools and City Employees, Frank B.
Baird; Special Subscriptions, Harry T. Ramsdell; Booths, Proctor Carr; Supplies, John H. Beckley; Dinners and
Luncheons, Richard L. Ball; Parades, Gen. Samuel M. Welch and Seymour P. White; Features, A. B. Wright, and
Accounting, Clifford Hubbell.
On Friday evening. May 17th, a mass meeting was held at the Elmwood Music Hall. Presiding
at this meeting was Supreme Court Justice Herbert P. Bissell. A stirring speech was made by
Norman Somerville of Toronto, one of the most eloquent orators in the Dominion of Canada.
During the week a Flying Squadron, under the direction of Dai H. Lewis, Secretary of the Auto-
mobile Club, conducted an automobile canvass in the country towns in Erie County. Many
well-known men took part in this out-of-town drive. Justice Bissell, who took a most effective
part in this work, died early in the year 1919.
On Saturday, May 18th, a great demonstration and parade was held to give the drive a splendid
start. General Samuel M. Welch was Grand Marshal of the Parade and the following organi-
zations took part:
Grand Marshal and his aides; U. S. A. Sanitary troops, Lieutenant Colonel Thomas D. Woodson; Polish Legion,
in command of Lieutenant Albryct; British and Canadian recruiting detachment, Lieutenant W. Mayne Lynton;
Fourth Brigade, State Guard, Brigadier General Louis L. Babcock; Home Defense Corps, Colonel H. I. Sackett;
G. A. R. Veterans; Spanish War Veterans; Buffalo Chapter American Red Cross; Mothers of Men in service;
National League for Women's Service; Buffalo Community Chorus; Boy Scouts; Women's Benefit Association of
the Maccabees; The Equestrian Club; Detail from the Buffalo Fire Department; Polish Union of America and
Pohsh Falcons; Italian societies; Children from public, parochial, private and high schools; Newsboys; High
School Cadet Corps.
In the morning at Lafayette Square the Red Cross flag was raised to fly throughout the cam-
paign, the exercises being under the direction of A. B. Wright. Mayor George S. Buck spoke pre-
senting the flag to the Campaign Committee and General Chairman Robert W. Pomeroy made
the speech of acceptance.
Probably no demonstration ever moved Buffalo more than the marching of the twenty thousand
men, women and children in this wonderful Red Cross parade of May 18, 1918. There were many
special features in the parade, notably a living Red Cross composed of six hundred girls; this
was probably the most beautiful and striking feature of the parade. The girls in the center form-
ing the cross were dressed in red and those surrounding them as a square were in white, making
a truly marvelous effect. A representation of Joan of Arc, numerous floats representing the
salient features of the Red Cross work, were followed by the most impressive thing of the whole
pageant, the marching of the mothers of the boys who were then in service. To see these splendid
women taken from every class of the city marching with set determined faces, most of them carry-
ing flags with one star, but many having two, three and some as many as five stars, and one, Mrs.
Herman Doascher, with six stars, in the flag they so proudly bore, was probably the most deeply
impressive feature of this mighty host.
The next most stirring unit in the parade were the hundreds of women dressed in the simple
Red Cross costume. These women represented the actual workers in Buffalo who had been giv-
ing their time and labor to produce Buffalo's quota of bandages, surgical dressings and other
necessary Red Cross requirements.
The first real day of the drive was Monday May 21st, and nearly a quarter of a million
was raised on that day. This was a splendid get-away, and from day to day, with deter-
mination that the million and a half dollars would be more than subscribed, the workers
with unceasing labor and effort gained, until May 23d, the million mark was in sight
and was passed the next day and a total of $1,179,000 was reached. On May 26th, a new
goal of $2,-500,000 was put forth and at the end of the drive it was found that this amount
was practically achieved.
The most satisfactory feature of this drive was the fact that the money was contributed by
people of all classes. When it is considered that a large percentage came from the indus-
trial plants that were organized under the direction of H. P. Parrock, it will be readily seen
174 Buffalo s Part in the World War
that this Red Cross drive appealed to the working man as well as to the business man and
capitalist.
During the week of the drive, daily luncheons were held at the Ellicott Club and great enthusi-
asm was manifest. Nothing ever stirred Buffalo so deeply as this drive for although the Liberty
Loans were all over subscribed, the money given was for purchasing U. S. Government Bonds,
while the money given here was contributed to the Greatest Mother in the World.
Buffalo's Part in the World War 175
CHAPTER LIII
"CAN THEY GET TO CALAIS?"
DORIS Kellogg, canteen worker, left Buffalo in March, 1918, and sailed for France late that
month aboard the "Rochambeau." She was accompanied by two or three American girls
from other cities. Her days in Paris waiting for a canteen assignment grew dreary as
the red tape was unwound ; her original designation had been for motor repair work, but the
call in France was for service in the hospitals and canteens, and for either of these tasks, the
Buffalo girl tendered her services.
Writing from Paris, under date of May 19th, 1918, Miss Kellogg told the interesting story of
her work:
"Still in Paris but with a real job at last. We are to go to a Red Cross canteen in the French War Zone, to work
with the French soldiers. I think I had better not mention the name for fear of the censor, but I'll just say that
we will be right in the thick of things and in one of the most beautiful spots of France — forests full of wild flowers
and /raises du hois and a beautiful old historic chateau to revel in. We are only waiting for our papers which allow
us to go into the War Zone.
"Now we are working in the casualty department, Red Cross Headquarters, 4 Place de la Concorde. It is inter-
esting, but gruesome, too. We file the inquiries of people who are trying to locate or have some news of men in the
Army. All day yesterday I made out records of men 'Killed in action' — 'May 10th: Died of wounds received in
action' — 'May 10th: Died of gas poisoning,' etc. And then we read letters from parents begging for help in finding
their boy, and so on. It makes one realize something of the suffering going on in America now.
"This morning Al and I went to high mass at Notre Dame. It was a magnificent service with a Cardinal who
swept down the center aisle, attended by gorgeously-gowned priests and choir boys. As he passed along, the congre-
gation kissed a wonderful sapphire ring which he wore. Then there was special music, with the most beautiful boy
soprano I've ever heard. The organ fairly shook the walls and ceiling with its music which seemed to pour from
every inch of the cathedral. It was thrilling. But one did miss the great stained-glass windows, which have been
removed for fear of air raids.
"We had dinner the other night with Mr. Bobbett of St. Paul. He has taken the most adorable apartment imagi-
nable near the Faubourg St. Germain, up on the top floor of a beautiful old building and right under the eaves. It
belongs to an artist and is furnished with rare and lovely antiques. After dinner we had scarcely seated ourselves
in the library than a far-off wail of the siren was heard. Heavens! another beastly air raid. It takes no time for
the Alert to resound throughout Paris, and we rushed to the windows to watch the fire engines, which carry the
sirens, go by. This attack proved to be more or less of a fizzle, as the Gothas couldn't get through the barrage, so
after about an hour the Paris church bells sounded 'Berlot' — all clear — and we 'beat it' for home through the pitch
black streets. Paris is more romantic than ever in these war times.
"We are all waiting breathlessly for the great German drive. When will it come, how far will they push on, if at
all? Can they get to Calais? Will they take Amiens? Must Paris, too, be taken? You can imagine the tension. That
is one of the things that impresses me as being so diff'erent here from at home — the tension before a drive. We all
get ready for it, wonder about it, talk about it, and everyone seems to become grave and determined and grim. You
see Paris is a much more serious place than ever before. All the frivolous people have left, nine hundred thousand
of them, they say, and those who have remained mean business."
"Paris, France, May 22, 1918.
"It is very interesting in the casualty department. We file records of prisoners of war, wounded, killed, etc., and
the insight we get into the hearts of the soldiers and their loved and loving ones ' back home ' is an experience to
have had. It is about like having an office job in Washington, I imagine, only, of course, so much more interesting.
My stars, but I was dead tired after work to-night! It is so hot and all, but the satisfied sense of having put in a
long hard day of helpful work is more than enough to compensate.
"As I sit here in my open window this evening, I hear the familiar buzz of the 'Defense of Paris' aeroplanes over
my head. They are the most picturesque objects up there in the sky. Sometimes I imagine them huge birds, but at
other times they seem like great ships sailing in the blue. After it gets dark, we see the funny, clumsy 'Saucisse'
balloons which are sent up with cables attached to entrap enemy planes during the air raids.
"How fast and thick our boys are coming over! Everyone I see who has just arrived brings tales of ships full of
Sammies being poured into France. You know that now we are part of the American Army and subject to military
law and orders. Are with the American Expeditionary Forces. It is great!"
176
Buffalo's Part in the World War
Buffalo Mothers March in Honor of Their Boys Who Were Fighting "Over There"
Buffalo's Part in the World War 177
"Paris, May 23.
"Last night there was another attempted air raid on Paris by the Germans, but I guess they didn't get past the
barrage. However, it was mighty exciting and about the noisiest one we have had since I've been here. Al and I
were having a little supper of cheese and confiture before retiring, when we half heard, half sensed, way off in the
distance, the siren. Could anything be more irritating? We were awfully sore and bored. So we calmly went on with
our cheese and the sirens went on swelling. All would have been very pleasant had not the lights suddenly been
turned off so that there was nothing for us to do but put on coats, take our searchlight and step over to the open
window to enjoy the 'doings and fireworks.' Out boomed the defense guns, up in the sky shells burst like rockets,
and faint white streaks from the searchlight swept through the night. As our eyes became accustomed to the dark
we picked out two huge 'Saucisse' waiting and watching, and then after a bit the purring of our own planes way
over head. It is really a wonderful thing, these night thrills. After a bit the guns quite near us began bursting forth,
and we thought it was time to descend to the first floor. But you know it is awfully strange, how calm and tranquil
one can feel in the midst of these raids, and, finally, you get so bored, and what's more, sleepy beyond control —
and you say to your friends, 'Well, I have a feeling that they won't get over to-night, and I for one am going to
retire. You might rather be killed by a bomb from a Gotha than to die of a cold or ennui.' So we decide to quit
the cave, stumble back to our pitch black rooms and I rolled into bed. But Al stands firmly in the window, a little
forlornly to be sure, and says to me a bit peevishly:
" 'I don't see how you can go to bed now, when all this excitement is going on, I'm awfully thrilled.'
"Well, thrilled or no — just as I am dropping off to sleep, and as the guns are booming their loudest, I vaguely
hear Al fall heavily into her bed and no doubt she is asleep before she really touches the mattress."
"Paris, May 3L
"We eagerly follow the German drive, and everyone thinks and talks of nothing else. Yesterday 'le canon' was
much in evidence, and last night we had an air raid which we watched from our window. All this is very war-like.
But today we had a glimpse of the real thing. Al and I went out to the American Ambulance at Neuilly to see Mrs.
Vanderbilt (W. K.i and asked her if she wouldn't give us some temporary work out there until our papers came. She
is the head of that marvelous hospital as well as our canteen boss and is a wonder. She took Al and me all through
the building, which is enormous — 1,200 beds — and we were weak-kneed at the suffering of all those poor boys. The
hospital is jammed full with beds in all the halls and corridors, but I saw the most pathetic sight of all on one stair-
case and landing, where a crowd of boys in dirty and torn khaki were sitting and lying, just off the ambulances and
waiting for the nurses and doctors to attend to them. Their eyes were the saddest thing to see.
"And tomorrow we are to report out there early to do any kind of work we are asked to — give drinks to the boys,
cheer them up, make beds, etc."
(The girls followed the drive by the increase in the wounded coming to the hospitals and by
the refugees. Each day found both wounded and refugees coming from localities nearer to
Paris — Editor.)
178
Buffalo's Part in the World War
m.it
^^.■rS--.:^^^^*
Showing the Destruction by the Germans at Peronne in Picardy
College destroyed by Germans
St. John's Church a wreck
Ruins of a residential section
The Palace on the morning after
Grand Place after shower of shells
In the business quarter
Buffalo's Part in the World War 179
CHAPTER LIV
BUFFALO DRAFT MEN OF 78th DIVISION IN FRANCE
BUFFALO and Erie County men were scattered through virtually every army division and
eveiy military unit which left America for overseas service, and every American training
camp held its quota of Buffalo men. Buffalo's national guardsmen, for the most part, were
members of the 27th Division. The balance were in the 55th Pioneer Infantry to be used for
replacement purposes.
All units of the Army and of the Navy, whether in American camps or overseas service, found
plenty to do, but there fell to the National Army men from New York State and from Buffalo
and Erie County a terrifically arduous task in the Argonne.
A comparatively large number of Buffalo Selective Service men had gone overseas with the
77th Division in April. Another, and perhaps larger, contingent followed in the latter part of May.
This second detachment was assigned to the 78th Division, Buffalo men being particularly numer-
ous in the 309th and 311th Infantry; the 307th, 308th, 309th Artillery; 303d Trench Mortar
Battery and 303d Engineers of that Division.
The artillery, apart from its officers, was made up entirely of Selective Service men, a very
large number of whom were from the vicinity of Buffalo and Rochester. They comprised the
153d Field Artillery Brigade, and were organized at Camp Dix, along with the other units of the
78th Division. The infantry organization was completed during the winter of 1917-1918, but
the artillery was formed in a hurry at the last minute. The Division left Camp Dix May 27th,
nearly two months after the 77th had sailed. The 78th sailed from New York, aboard the Cedric,
and were on the sea at the time the Marines stopped the Germans near Chateau Thierry.
Of course, the artillery recruits had to have some training before they were sent across. It
was said of them that they were so raw when they reported for duty that most of them, if ordered
to open the gun breech would have removed the muzzle cover.
The 78th Division, followed the ocean-going course of other American divisions, and was as-
signed to a training camp for instructions behind the lines. The situation was tense when they
arrived, and the demand of General Foch for more men was still pressing. The French and
British, along their two great fronts had taken new heart as the news of the achievement of the
Marines flashed along the lines. They were still weary, however, after four years, of struggle and
hardship, and needed encouragement just at that period to hold them to their task.
The artillery of the 78th Division was sent to Camp de Meucon to learn the eccentricities of
the French Seventy-five. Most of them had their first look at that sort of a gun in the park at
Meucon. Their training period lasted six weeks, but they did not then join the rest of their
Division; instead, they were sent to the Toul sector, a quiet sector for front line training. The
Nineteenth Division infantry took its place in that sector August 23d, and the TSth's artillery
was sent into support.
The Nineteenth was made up of guardsmen from Oklahoma and Texas, where they grow strong
and tall, but neither the infantry nor the artillery had been under fire before and both "had
their wind up," as the Britishers would say, on their first night in the line; the heavens over No
Man's Land looked like a Paine's fireworks celebration to the Nineteenth as the flare from the veri-
lights took on a pyrotechnic aspect. Resting the chin strap of their tin derbies on the front line was
a new experience. They knew they had veteran Huns in front of them and green artillerymen be-
hind them, and their officers say it was difficult to state offhand of which they stood in greater fear.
For upward of two weeks, first in support of the Nineteenth Division and then the Ninetieth
Division, the 78th's artillery kept its post. The Germans did most of the shooting, for the am-
munition of the Allies was being moved up quietly for the St. Mihiel offensive. The artillery's
nose was kept on the front line until Pershing was ready to move.
Buffalo's Part in the World War
181
0
CHAPTER LV
IN MRS. VANDERBILT'S PARIS HOSPITAL WITH DORIS KELLOGG
N June 1st Miss Kellogg went to the Vanderbilt Hospital in Paris. Her letters tell the story
of the work performed by American girls in that splendid institution, and it is interestingly
told:
"My first day in a hospital has been an event. We arrived at the American Ambulance at about 9 A. M., and were
put right to work. I spent all morning making innumerable beds, hundreds which had just been evacuated and
were to be ready for the rush of wounded who are pouring in every day. I almost keeled over when I assisted at
the dressing of a boy's arm which was too horrible to describe. I had to hold the arm, which after a few minutes
became so heavy that I felt like screaming, and every time I moved it in the least, the poor boy would screw up
in agony. The whole elbow joint was exposed and gangrene had set in so that the odor was frightful. Poor little kid!
He is only nineteen. He was as plucky as could be, but anxious, and asked the doctor if he thought he would be
good for active duty again — the doctor said no. He has a bad wound in the abdomen too.
"As I left the hospital at about seven this evening, I asked one of the ambulance drivers if there were any more
wounded coming in to-night and he said that they had just had word that there are two thousand up at La Chapelle
now. That means to-morrow many more new faces.
"As for the 'offensive,' the Germans still press in toward Paris, and every night we are wakened by the sirens and
barrage against the enemy planes. But I care not a whoop for anything now but to help make those poor Sammies
more comfortable.
"You see Neuilly is used as the evacuation hospital for our men coming from the Front, and after they have been
fixed up there they are sent South. So every day we clear out some and fill in with fresh wounded."
"Paris, .June 3.
' ' Our hospital is like a great surging sea, with every day a new wave of wounded boys coming in and the ones not
too ill moving out. I call them 'The Heroes of Cantigny.' It is so queer to go into the wards each morning and see
new faces looking up into yours, mostly always still dirty and bloody.
Members of Smith College Canteen Unit Miss Rochester of I:
ii'st (it I'rar trio.
182 Buffalo's Part in the World War
"We have a British 'Tommy' who is suffering agonies, and to-day I helped move him from his bed onto the stretcher
to be taken up to the operating room. He screamed like a wild thing and kept looking up into my face so pleadingly.
I kept stroking his forehead and talking to him, and then went with him through the corridors and up in the lift.
I told the two French stretcher bearers that if they would be extra careful, I'd give them each two cigarettes, and I
tell you they simply crawled. And then when the kid came down again (he is only a kid, 19 years old yesterday)
I gave him some sweet chocolate. He ate it and then looked up and said in his weak hoarse way: 'Noice.'
"What,' says I.
"Again, 'Noice, Noice.' But this time I thought he must be dying and had just strength enough left to call to
me 'Nurse.' So leaning way down close to him I said:
"What do you want, son?'
" ' Oi say hit's noice.' The chocolate was nice.
"I'm helping out in three large wards as nurse's aide, taking temperatures, pulses, cleaning the rooms, making
beds and helping feed the men."
"P.ARIS, June 4.
"Can it be true! The Allies have taken 10,000 prisoners to-day at Chateau Thierry. It is too wonderful and we
hardly know what to do to let off the exuberance bubbling up inside us. It came as such a surprise.
"You see we had had a long day at the hospital, and when we were putting on our coats in the dressing room,
some white-haired lady proceeded to unburden the most disheartening tales she had just heard from someone that
we were evacuating as many of our wounded as we possibly could, that we were getting no new ones, and that the
Huns were coming right along to Paris. Well, we were too sick. All those hundreds of wounded men upstairs and
still we had not been able to hold the Germans! We came on into Paris, and this was the first thing that greeted us:
'"10,000 German Prisoners Taken To-day at Chateau Thierry!'
"As I say, we almost exploded, and to celebrate, six of us marched over to Weber's on Rue Royal to have a peach
melba for dessert. Now what will the morning paper have to say, and what if it weren't so after all?"
"Paris, June 6.
"Still the war goes on and every day more wounded pour into the hospital. Just as I left to-night the ambulances
were lined up waiting to unload their 'blesses.' It is a horribly pitiful sight to see the men when they first come in,
dirty, bloody, and so tired and shaken up from their long ride in ambulance train or auto.
"Behold a grand transformation after one night with us! A good night's rest, then the next morning wounds
dressed, a warm bath and shave and dose of insect powder and they look and feel like princes. It is the most
heartening thing in the world to see them brace up like that."
"Paris, June 8.
"What a day! All day long, from 8 o'clock this morning till 8.30 to-night, I've washed, fed and 'aided' the gallant
Marines who poured into the hospital like hail and still were pouring when I left. The corridors were lined with
wounded on cots and stretchers, the verandas with blanket-wrapped, bandaged boys, the stairways blocked with
khaki-clad, steel helmeted Sammies. The Marines have put up some marvelous fight! Now we are putting up tents
on the roof verandas to shelter more of them. Plucky kids! I love them all. The dressings were terribly trying,
particularly as the nurses had to do them because all the doctors were operating.
They are coming in now with arms and legs off. but don't let me harrow you too much, for after all the hospital
is really quite heavenly to the men — clean, good food and Beds. And surgical cases are not like medical cases, seldom
fevers or vomiting, just dressings and pain which grows less every day. I took jam to my boys to-day and am going
to take butter to-morrow. I shall never be able to thank my stars enough for having been able to get over here just
when I did and for the way things have turned out. If you could half realize what it means to these Sammies to
have American girls here to comfort and cheer them, you would be building special ships to send more and more
overseas. Being here is a privilege for which I shall never cease to be grateful.
"And to-day Mrs. Vanderbilt broke the news that our papers are here for Chantilly and we must leave Monday.
She says she hates to have us go but the need for canteen workers is tremendous and it seems best to send us out.
I weep to leave the hospital, but I know I shall love the canteen work too. To-morrow is our last day."
Buffalo's Part in the World War 183
CHAPTER LVI
BUFFALO MARINES IN BATTLE OF BELLEAU WOOD
Germany's purpose in the March offensive, was to divide the French from the British forces.
- The May and June drives were aimed at Paris and were designed, by capture of the French
capital, to crush the French spirit. The push toward Paris began on May 27th. Rapidly
and steadily, with gi-eat loss to the French, the German line moved toward the River Marne.
The American Third Division, fresh from trench training, was hurried to the Marne to help out
the French, while the First Division remained in the Montdidier Sector. A number of drafted
men from Buffalo were in the Third Division. Another, Leo Dombrowski, a Polish boy of 230
Townsend Street, won distinction for Buffalo and for himself by gallant conduct at that time
and in later engagements ; in fact, many Buffalo boys distinguished themselves in that campaign.
Dombrowski, drafted in Buffalo on November 22, 1917, went with others to Camp Dix, N. J.,
and later to Camp Greene, N. C, where he was assigned to Company H, 7th Infantry, U. S.
Regulars, a part of the Third Division. The Division left Camp Merritt for overseas early in
April, arrived in Brest on the 16th, and went immediately into trench training.
When the German Marne offensive was ripping the French lines wide open, Dombrowski and
his Buffalo "bunkies" found themselves on their way to the Marne front south of Chateau
Thierry to participate with their division in the first conspicuous American effort in France.
Here was an instance of a youngster, unknown to war, taken from his work bench and, in the
short space of six months placed against the trained soldiers of Germany in a telling battle of
the greatest war of all history.
The motorized machine gun battalion of the Third Division reached the bridgehead at the
Marne on June 1st, opposite Chateau Thierry, and successfully held it against the German forces.
It was the first check the enemy experienced in his Spring push toward the wonder city of France.
These men had travelled fast to i-each the Marne bridgehead before the Germans. When they
got there the withdrawing French told them they would be compelled to retreat. "Retreat Hell,"
they replied, "We've just arrived."
The Second Division — made up of the Third Brigade, 9th Infantry, 23d Infantry and Fifth
Machine Gun Battalion; Fourth Brigade, Fifth Marines, Sixth Marines and Sixth Machine Gun
Battalion; the Second Artillery Brigade — 12th, 15th and 17th Field Artillery and the Fourth
Machine Gun Battalion; also, the Second Regiment of Engineers and the 1st Field Signal Battal-
ion— was in a training area when the Marne offensive began. This Division included, many
Buffalo and Erie County* men, among them Lester Bergman, 18th Co., 5th Regiment, U. S.
Marines. Private Bergman was wounded five times and spent five months in a hospital in France.
He won the Croix de Guerre and was cited for the Distinguished Service Cross for the work he
did while on patrol one night when his three companions in the patrol were killed and he managed
to escape after having been rather seriously wounded. It was the original intention of the
High Command to have the Second Division take up a position with the First Division at Mont-
didier as soon as its training was complete. Both Divisions were to be held in reserve to check
any further drive toward the Channel Ports. The Second Division had been training at Chaumont-
en-Vixen, but by orders of the French High Command, to which General Pershing had turned
over the American forces, the Second was directed, on May 29th, to march to the Beauvais area
* Three Buffalo boys, privates in the Marine Corps, Frank J. Barcsylsowski, Lester Bergman, and George M. Ebel, Jr., played a prominent
part in the Battle in Belleau Wood in France recently, having a hand in the capture of a Maxim gun, 23 machine guns and 170 Huns. The Maxim
will be sent to the United States and will find a permanent place at Marine Headquarters in Washington. Along with it will come two of the
heavy German "minenwerfers" which will be presented to the United States Military and Naval Academies at West Point and Annapolis, respec-
tively. On this occasion. 23 German machine guns were also captured. All these were later turned up on the front line by the Americans and
fired at the enemy, many of whom thus fell victims to their own weapons. Barcsyiiowski and Bergman have been cited for bravery. Barcsykowski
and three others took a Hun machine gun after wiping out its crew through sniping. Bergman was one of a party of ten who captured the Ger-
mans who were making a flank attack on the trench occupied by the Americans. Both of these young men enlisted in Buffalo in April, 1917,
and after training in this countr.v went across the sea together. Barcsykowski's home is at 18 Klaus Street, that of Bergman 176 West Delavan
Avenue and Ebel is the son of Mrs. Margaret Ebel, who lives at 408 Bristol Street.— From the New York Herald.
I
Buffalo's Part in the World War 185
about one day's trip north. That movement was scheduled to begin at 6 o'clock on the morn-
ing of May 31st. Billeting parties had been sent ahead to provide quarters, and the Division
was fully prepared to move at the appointed hour.
In the meantime the news of the German offensive of May 27th was flying around the world.
Military forces had received the information that the Germans had smashed through the French
line between Soissons and Rheims and were advancing rapidly on Paris. The American First
Division had broken the continuity of German successes by capturing Cantigny* in a local combat,
but the German drive had met no insuperable obstacle.
About 5 o'clock on the evening of May 30th, a French staff officer appeared withdrawing
orders for the movement to Beauvais. He delivered a new order directing the infantry to be
ready at 5 o'clock the following morning to proceed to the neighborhood of Meaux on the Chateau
Thierry front. The trip was one of about 70 miles from Chaumont-en- Vixen and was to be taken
in motor trucks. The trucks of the supply and ammunition trains followed the infantry. The
other units were directed to proceed by train as rapidly as transportation could be provided.
Meaux is located on the Paris road about 20 miles east of Paris. When the infantry arrived,
the city was in a state of great excitement. The streets were filled with refugees. Marines said
every living thing they saw was going in the opposite direction as they moved up to the front. f
Refugees hunying with their worldly goods along the road stopped, knelt and prayed as the
American soldiers passed them. Old men and old women and children loaded down with bundles,
some carrying the sick, and all haggard and worn and pitiful, trudged on down the road as rapidly
as their feeble legs could carry them. A number of the Buffalo marines, after their return, said
the sight of those oppressed people gave them a determination to stop the Germans at all hazard.
When General Bundy, commanding the 2d Division arrived at Meaux he was directed to take
up a position between Gandelu and Montigny northwest of Chateau Thierry. At that time
General Bundy had no information as to the location of the French or the Germans, possibly
because the line was changing so rapidly. The French High Command had no definite knowledge
itself.
On June 1st General Bundy left his temporary headquarters, at Montreuil in the Gandelu
area, and went to meet General Degoutte commanding the French 21st Army Corps. They met
a short distance west of Chateau Thierry. General Degoutte's corps had fought against superior
numbers for five days, and had conducted an orderly retreat saving most of their artillery and
transports. At the time of the conference between the American and the French Commanders,
it was explained to Bundy that the Germans had taken Chateau Thierry and Hill 204. Don
Martin, the former Buffalo newspaper man, was in Chateau Thierry the day the Germans entered.
Although General Degoutte had made no mention of the fact, it appears, that the Germans
had also taken Vaux and were in full command of the Paris Road. Their first line ran through
Vaux and along a railroad to Bouresches, thence through the Belleau Wood to Chezy, passing
through Torcy. The American brigades of the Second Division established their brigade head-
quarters on the east and west side of the Paris Road a few miles west of Vaux. Some of the trains
* On April 26th the First Division had gone into the line in the Montdidier salient on the Picardy battle front. Tactics had been suddenly
revolutionized to those of open warfare, and our men, confident of the results of their training, were eager for the test. On the morning of May
28th. this division attacked the commanding German position in its front, taking with splendid dash the town of Cantigny and all other objec-
tives, which were organized and held steadfastly against vicious counter attacks and galling artillery fire. Although local, this brilliant action
had an electrical effect, as it demonstrated our fighting qualities under extreme battle conditions, and also that the enemy's troops were not alto-
gether invincible. — From General Pershing's Report.
On .\pril 20th, the 26th Division had successfully attacked the Germans at Seicheprey. The attack occurred during the 26th's period of train-
ing, and was considered by many officers as the most important of the local combats in which the Americans had taken part up to that time.
— Editor.
T It was on the evening of May 30th, after a day dedicated to the memory of their comrades who had fallen in the training days and in the
Verdun sector, that the Fifth and Sixth Regiments and the Sixth Machine Gun Battalion, United States Marines, each received the following
orders:
.\dvance information, official, received, that this regiment will move at 10 P. M., 30th May, by bus to new area. All trains shall be loaded at
once and arrangements hastened. Wagons, when loaded, will move to Serans to form train.
.\11 through the night there was feveristi activity among the Marines. Then, the next morning, the long trains of camions, buses, and trucks,
each carrying its full complement of United States Marines, went forward on a road which at one place wound within less than ten miles of Paris,
toward Meaux and the fighting line.
Through the town of Meaux went the long line of camions and to the village of Montreuil-aux-Lions, less than four miles from the rapidly ad-
vancing German line. Refugees, old men and women, small children, riding on every conceivable conveyance, many trudging along the side of
the road driving a cow or calf before them, all of them covered with the white dust which the camion caravan was whirling up as it rolled along:
along that road only one organization was advancing, the IJnited States Marines- — Secretary Daniels' Report, December 1, I91S.
186
Buffalo's Part in the World War
German Entrenchments on Battlefield North of Soissons
Buffalo's Part in the World War 187
which were to bring a part of the Division were cancelled, and the units assigned to those trains
started on a forced march of 70 miles; among the marchers were most of the machine gun units,
and motor trucks were later sent to hurry them in.
The spirit of the French was revived when they heard that the Americans "in large numbers"
had entered the line. A gap in the front between Gandelu and Montigny held by the French
Seventh Corps was filled by the 23d Infantry and a battalion of Marines under Colonel Paul B.
Malone. A part of the Third Division went into the line south of the Marne near Chateau Thierry.
When the oncoming Prussians struck this new formation the entire American front held.* The
German drive was stayed.
The Germans, from Hill 204 which they occupied, had a splendid view of the American forces
and positions. They also had control of the air, and, in general, every advantage of location.
While the Germans had been checked, the American situation was not an enviable one.
Having successfully held, the Americans quickly decided that the time had arrived for their
offensive, and on June 6th, the Marines began the attack on Belleau Wood and Bouresches.
This move was made in conjunction with the 164th French Division on the left. Belleau Wood
is about a mile and a half in length from north to south with an average width of less than one
mile. It was covered at that time with a thick undergrowth. The Germans had not been un-
mindful of its advantages for concealing machine guns and infantry and they had occupied it
with both, together with some trench mortar batteries. The woods had the protection of the
German artillery, and were a menace to the American position, for, if driven off the Paris Road,
the American line of supplies would be wiped out and the troops forced to fight with their backs
to the Marne.
The Marines went into Belleau Woodf at 5 P. M. on June 6th, and when night fell they had
taken Bouresches and a goodly portion of the woods. Their losses were heavy, but they held
their position in the face of fierce counter-attacks. It had been difficult for the Germans to believe
that their advance had been stopped ; now it was bitterly aggravating to them to find themselves
being pushed back and they fought desperately. Their morale was at high pitch then.
James Doyle, a Buffalo Marine, a former street car conductor, who was in the Marine regiment
that met the Germans in the wheat field, himself wounded in Belleau Wood, said on his return:
"They were the sorest mob of Prussians I ever saw when they were forced to go back. We had
hung them on the wires by the hundreds for they came at us the first time in massed formation."
Private Turner, connected with the Buffalo Marine Recruiting Station, fought through Belleau
Wood. He left here some days before the declaration of war for Quantico, Virginia, a marine
training station. Most of the Marines who left Buffalo prior to and at that time, as well as those
who left subsequently, were sent to Paris Island for preliminary training; they were then trans-
ferred to Quantico, and from the latter place to France. Among the Marines the trip was called
a "hop, step and a jump." The hop was to Paris Island, the step to Quantico and the jump to
France.
* On the evening of June 2d the first fieldmessage from the Fourth Brigade to Major General Omar Bundy, Commanding the Second Division,
went forward:
Second Battalion, Sixth Marines, in line from Le Thiolet through Clarembauts Woods to Triangle to Lucy. Instructed to hold line. First
Battalion, Sixth Marines, going into line from Lucy through Hill 142. Third Battalion in support at La Voie du Chatel, which is also the post
command of the Sixth Marines. Sixth Machine-gun battalion distributed at line.
Meanwhile the Fifth Regiment was moving into line, machine guns were advancing, and the artillery taking its position. That night the men
and officers of the Marines slept in the open, many of them in a field that was green with unharvested wheat, awaiting the time when they should
be summoned to battle.
The advance of the Germans was across a wheat field, driving at Hill 165 and advancing in smooth columns. The United States Marines,
trained to keen observation upon the rifle range, nearly every one of them wearing a marksman's medal or better, that of the sharpshooter or
expert rifleman, did not wait for those gray-clad hordes to advance nearer. Calmly they set their sights and aimed with the same precision that
they had shown upon the rifle ranges at Paris Island, Mare Island and Quantico. Incessantly their rifles cracked, and with their fire came the
support of the artillery. The machine-gun fire, incessant also, began to make its inroads upon the advancing forces. Closer and closer the shrapnel
burst to its targets. Caught in a seething wave of machine-gun fire, of scattering shrapnel, of accurate rifle fire, the Germans found themselves
in a position in which further advance could only mean absolute suicide. The lines hesitated. They stopped. They broke for cover, while the
Marines raked the woods and ravines in which they had taken refuge with machine gun and rifle to prevent them making another attempt to
advance by infiltrating through. Above, a French airplane was checking up on the artillery fire. Surprised by the fact that men should deliber-
ately set their sights, adjust their range, and then fire deliberately at an advancing foe, each man picking his target, instead of firing merely in
the direction of the enemy, the aviator signaled below "Bravo!" — Secrtlary Daniels' Report, December 1, 191S.
t In theblack recesses of Belleau Wood the Germans had established nest after nest of machine guns. There in the jungle of matted under-
brush, of vines, of heavy foliage, they had placed themselves in positions they believed impregnable. And this meant that unless they could be
routed, unless they could be thrown back, the breaking of the attack of June 2d would mean nothing. There would come another drive and
another. The battle of Chateau Thierry was, therefore, not won and could not be won until Belleau Wood had been cleared of the enemy.
It was June 6th that the attack of the American troops began against that wood and its adjacent surroundings, with the wood itself and the
iContinued on page 1S9)
Buffalo's Part in the World War 189
The Fifth and Sixth Marine Regiments left America June 13, 1917 on the *' Henderson/' and
arrived at St. Nazaire, France, on June 26. On April 20, 1918 some of the Marines, among
them Turner, were injui^d with shrapnel at Verdun, but most of them had returned to the line
by May 30, when the trip from Chaumont-en-Vixen to Meaux was started. His battalion arrived
in position at Chateau Thierry on June 5, and on the following day was in the thick of the
fight in the fields and ploughed ground adjacent to Belleau Wood.
The Marines lost hundreds of their men in Belleau Wood. The machine gun nests and the high
explosive shells, the gas and the shrapnel took a mighty toll. But the Marines hung on, and on
June 11th they tore in again. In their second assault they took another portion of the Wood,
but it was not all theirs as yet. Fritz rushed in fresh troops, and subjected the Americans to a
terrific shell fire of gas and shrapnel. On the 13th the Germans launched a counter-attack. But
the Marines, their lines thin but unshakable, held fast, relied on their bayonets, and beat off the
onslaught with the cold steel.
It so happened that the 7th Infantry, a part of the Third Division, was in I'eserve behind the
Marines on June 13th when the depleted ranks successfully withstood the German counter-stroke.
General Bundy made application for the use of the 7th Infantry for six days. The request was
granted, and the 7th Regiment of the Third Division took the place of two battalions of Marines.
The Marine Battalions, reduced one-half in numbers, were withdrawn to billets on the Marne
for replacements and a rest.
General Bundy in his report says: *'The presence of the 7th Infantry was of great value. The
battalion south of Torcy advanced its position to within a short distance of the village, thus
straightening out a re-entrant that existed in our lines at that point. The other two battalions
fought gallantly, but unsuccessfully, to gain the northern edge of Belleau Wood. They encoun-
tered the same opposition that had held the Marines, and when they were relieved at the end of
six days the northern part of the woods was still in possession of the Germans.''
It is interesting to note that Corporal Dombrowski, the drafted Buff'alo boy, was a member
of the 7th Infantry and thus took part in the battle of Belleau Wood. In a letter to friends, he
said:
towns i>f Torcy and Bouresches forming the objectives. At 5 o'clock the attack came, and there began the tremendous sacrifices which the Marine
Corps gladly suffered that the German fighters might be thrown back.
In Belleau Wood the fighting had been literally from tree to tree, stronghold to stronghold. Belleau Wood was a jungle, its every rocky forma-
tion forming a German machine-gun nest, almost impossible to reach by artillery or grenade tire. There was only one way to wipe out these
nests — by the bayonet. And by this method were they wiped out, for United States Marines, bare chested, shouting their battle cry of E-e-e-e-e-
y-a-a-h-h-h yip! " charged straight into the murderous fire from those guns, and won! Out of the number that charged, in more than one instance,
only one would reach the stronghold. There, with his bayonet as his only weapon, he would either kill or capture the defenders of the nest, and
then swinging the gun about in its position, turn it against the remaining German positions in the forest. Such was the character of the fighting
in Belleau Wood; fighting which continued until July 6th, when after a short relief the invincible Americans finally were taken back to the rest
billet for recuperation.
In all the history of the Marine Corps there is no such battle as that one in Belleau Wood. Fighting day and night without relief, without
sleep, often without water, and for days without hot rations, the Marines met and defeated the best divisions that Germany could throw into
the line. The heroism and doggedness of that battle are unparalleled. Time after time officers seeing their lines cut to pieces, seeing their men
so dog tired that they even fell asleep under shell fire, hearing their wounded calling for the water that they were unable to supply, seeing men
fight on after they had been wounded and until they dropped unconscious: time after time officers seeing these things, believing that the very limit
of human endurance had been reached, would send back messages to their post command that their men were exhausted. But in answer to this
would come the word that the lines must hold, and if possible those lines must attack. And the lines obeyed. Without water, without food,
without rest they went forward — and forward every time to victory. Companies had been so torn and lacerated by losses that they were hardly
platoons: but they held their lines and advanced them. In more than one case companies lost every officer, leaving a sergeant, and sometimes a
corporal to command, and the advance continued. After thirteen days in this inferno of fire a captured German officer told with his dying breath
of a fresh division of Germans that was about to be thrown into the battle to attempt to wrest from the Marines that part of the wood they had
gained. The Marines, who for days had been fighting only on their sheer nerve, who had been worn out from nights of sleeplessness, from lack
of rations, from terrific shell and machine-gun fire, straightened their lines and prepared for the attack. It came — as the dying German officer
had predicted.
At 2 o'clock on the morning of June 13th it was launched by the Germans along the whole front. With their backs to the trees and boulders
of the Bois de Belleau, with their sole shelter the scattered ruins of Bouresches, the thinning lines of the Marines repelled the attack and crashed
back the new division which had sought to wrest the position from them.
And so it went. Day after day, night after night, while time after time messages like the following traveled to the Post command:
Losses heavy. Difficult to get runners through. Some have never returned. Morale excellent, hut troops about all in Men exhausted.
And they continued to hold on in spite of every difficulty. Advancing their lines slowly day by day, the Marines, finally, prepared their posi-
tions to such an extent that the last rush for the possession of the wood could be made. Then, on June 24th, following a tremendous barrage,
the struggle began.
The barrage literally tore the woods to pieces, but even its immensity could not wipe out all the nests that remained: the emplacements that
were behind almost every clump of bushes, every jagged, rough group of boulders. But those that remained were wiped out by the American
method of the rush and the bayonet, and in the days that followed every foot of Belleau Wood was cleared of the enemy and held by the frayed
lines of the Americans.
It was. therefore, with the feeling of work well done that the depleted lines of the Marines were relieved in July, that they might be filled
with replacements and made ready for the grand offensive in the vicinity of Soissons, July 18th. And in recognition of their sacrifice, and bravery
this praise was forthcoming from the French:
"Army Headquarters. June 30, 1918.
"In view of the brilliant conduct of the Fourth Brigade of the Second United States Division, which in a spirited fight took Bouresches and
the important strong point of Bois de Belleau, stubbornly defended by a large enemy force, the general commanding the Sixth Army orders that
henceforth, in all official papers, the Bois de Belleau shall be named "Bois de la Brigade de Marine.
"Division CJeneral Degoutte, Commanding Sixth Army."
— Fnnn Secretary Daniels' Report, December 1, 1918.
I
190
Buffalo's Part in the World War
•^^
American Marines in France
Burying their first German dead
In the front line trenches on Western Front
U. S. Marine on sentry duty during a gas attack
Buffalo's Part in the World War 191
"Early in June we were sent to relieve the Marines in Belleau Wood, proceeding right up to
the front line. My platoon went into the front line the first night we arrived. The whole regiment
occupied both the front and support lines. Two platoons would take the front line each night
and two fall back, alternating in this way nightly. The front line here consisted of dug-outs only.
There were no trenches. These dug-outs were called fox holes or funk holes. The morning follow-
ing the night we entered the front line we were told to go over at 7.45 A. M. We understood the
barrage was to start at 5.30 A. M. No barrage came and we sent back runners to find out what
was the trouble. Some of the runners were ' bumped off, ' but finally one got through and on his
return gave us the news that the artillery had no orders for a barrage. We later found out that
this attack was not ordered by our own command but was ordered by a spy with the rank of
lieutenant colonel in the Marines. We started over, however, without the barrage, but failed in
our effort, and had to fall back to our front line. Company D was practically wiped out of exist-
ence in this attack. We held the line until relieved by the Marines. "
Whether or not Corporal Dombrowski's reference to the spy is accurate must depend for verifi-
cation upon the complete data which will come with the lapse of time. The official reports of
that period convey no confirmation, but numerous accounts of the activities of spies in French
and American uniforms have come back with the returning soldiers, and not all of these narra-
tives can be entirely, nor readily, dismissed.
The Marines returned to the line at the end of six days, and favored by a well placed and
terrific barrage they drove the Germans from the woods and sent them flying across the open
ground toward the railroad tracks north. Belleau Wood had been won!
The moral effect of this victory was immense; not only among the Allied fighting men but in
the French and English homes and in the American homes far across the ocean. The praise of
the Marines was sung at every fireside and on every street corner in Buffalo when the news
finally got through.
192
Buffalo's Part in the World War
CHAPTER LVII
HOUSE WARMING PARTY FOR 77th DIVISION AT BACCARAT
WHILE the Marines with the Second Division were pressing north through Belleau Wood,
and it became apparent that American courage and driving power was taxing the military
skill of the enemy, a very extended movement of the American troops on the Continent
began. Five of the ten divisions then training in the British area were withdrawn. Among these
was the 77th Division which, during the month of May and early in June, had been within ear-
shot of the heavy artillery duel at Ypres and Mount Kemmel. They were subjected nightly to
Boche bombing raids, and had suffered some casualties. The Buffalo boys had absorbed British
combat methods but balked at British "chow. " .Jam and tea and lime juice, with meat for dinner
and cheese for supper day in and day out was not entirely to their liking. Later on, when they
were battling through the Argonne it would have looked like a banquet.
The 42d Division had held a front line trench
at Baccarat in the Lori-aine Sector for some
weeks. And they held it well. It was a quiet
sector, apparently by mutual consent, but in a
quiet sector the raiding parties, the night prowl-
ers, always establish for one side or the other a
conviction of superiority. It is related of the
42d Division that during their period on the
Lorraine front they "held the edge" to such an
extent that the American doughboys were able
to "hang their wash on the barbed wire en-
tanglements" in No-Man's Land.* That may
not be entirely accurate, but it serves to in-
dicate that the 42d Division was not playing
the subordinate part in No-Man's Land in
Lorraine. When the 77th Division was with-
drawn from its training area, it was sent to the
Lorraine front to relieve the 42d Division. The
42d had suffered some casualties and those places
were filled with men from the 77th Division.
On June 19th the change was begun and by
the 26th the new Division had moved into
place. The Rainbow Division was gone, and
the 77th had established the historic fact of
being the first draft division to take over a part
An Abandoned German Machine Gun of the front line. The Rainbow Division pulled
out, and went into reserve, presently to take up a position east of Rheims.
Apparently the Germans had knowledge of the lack of ti-aining in the new division. If the 42d
Division had been masters of No-Man's Land in the Baccarat sector, the Boche apparently saw
no immediate necessity of having the dose repeated with the newcomers. They welcomed the
77th at 4.00 A. M. on the 24th of .June with a shower of gas, mixing phosgene and mustard with
fine discrimination, showing a special favoritism for the densely billeted villages of Migneville,
* Yesterday in broad daylight some Alabama troops on our right walked over to the German trenches unmolested and unchallenged. They
found a German officer and three men in a dugout. The Alabama party was only five. They killed all tour Germans and upon their return found
one of their own party missing. They went back and found him caught, in the German wire. While rescuing him they heard footsteps on the Ger-
man duckboard. Lying in wait thev caught two other Boche. killed them and stripped all of their victims bringing their clothes back. Their only
worry was the dirty socks of the last Hun they caught. The .\labama crowd are the greatest crowd I have ever seen. They wander all over the
landscape shooting at everything. — From a letter icrillen by Major William J. Donovan, 165th Regiment {iZd Division), to his wife, March 10, 1918.
Buffalo's Part in the World War
193
St. Maurice, Neuviller and Badonviller. The
front line was not overlooked. If the 77th had
anticipated a quiet time in that quiet sector they
got over the notion quickly. Their housewarm-
ing party was not entirely of the sort they would
have chosen if the matter had been left to them,
but yet they made no grumble. They were new
at the war business and not disposed to be
critical about front line ethics. They put their
gas masks on with great speed and thereby
saved themselves much inconvenience and
suffering and many casualties.
The Baccarat sector, a portion of which was
held by French troops, was between Luneville
and St. Die, southwest of Nancy. The 77th
was given the portion of the front extending
from Herbeviller on the left to a point east of
Badonviller on the right. This territory was
divided into four sub-sections which were held
by the 305th, 306th, 307th, 308th Infantry
respectively; a battalion front of each sub-
division with a battalion in reserve. Each week
or so, the battalions would alternate in the front
line. The 77th remained in Baccarat sector from
June 26th to August 4th. About the middle of
July when the drive was started at Soissons to
break through the Marne salient, the nose of
which the Marines and Regulars had turned up
at Belleau Wood, the French Division, the 61st,
which had shared the Baccarat sector with the 77th was withdrawn, leaving the Mew York
drafted men in charge of the entire front. The New York artillery came into support, and the
Baccarat zone had then become for the first time in the war an all-American affair, with nearly
2,000 Buffalo and Erie County boys doing their bit there.
Watching the Enemy from an Old .Stone Outhouse
194 Buffalo's Part in the World War
CHAPTER LVIII
SMASHING THE MARNE SALIENT
WHILE troop movement from the United States during April, May and June was gratifying
to the Allied commanders it had the effect of intensifying the German attack. The Marines
had taken Belleau Wood, but the grey hordes released from the Russian front rolled down
toward the Marne.
The Allies were still fighting a defensive war. General Pershing in his conferences with General
Foch, according to the best attainable information, urged an offensive operation on the Marne
salient — the wedge which had been driven down to Chateau Thierry, its sides extending to a
point just west of Rheims on the east and Soissons on the West. Major Frederick Palmer, war
coiTespondent and censor on General Pershing's staff, in commenting on this situation said:
" The Allied armies on the western front had been almost as completely on the defensive for
four months as if we were a besieged garrison. In spirit they had been on the defensive since
Cambrai in the previous autumn. After the fourth offensive, which brought the enemy within
forty miles of Paris, you might hear military discussions on whether or not Paris should be de-
fended in the event of another German drive bringing it under the German guns. The preparations
which the military authorities had made for any emergency were matters of common talk. We
were ready to move our own army offices from Paris; the Red Cross and the Y. M. C. A. had
arranged for trucks to remove their workers. Lay pessimists saw Paris as already lost ; and mili-
tary pessimists saw its defenses as impracticable directly it was seriously threatened. All hopes
centered on the arrixang American divisions. If the Allies could stem the tide until August 1 then
we should outnumber the enemy; and when there were enough Americans and they were oi-ganized
we might consider an offensive which could hardly take place before Spring. Thus, confidence in
eventual victory rested entirely upon the Americans; and the spirit of initiative in our men was
reflected in counsel by General Pershing which was to have an important influence on the opera-
tions that were to recover the offensive for the Allies in a single stroke.
"Any soldier of any age who looked at the German salient after the Marne offensive could
have had only one thought, and that was a drive at the base of the salient to close the mouth of
the pocket. Yet one heard talk that salients no longer counted. Neither reports of German
strength nor the defensive spirit of the time diverted General Pei-shing's attention from that
inviting bulge in the German battle line. When Premier Clemenceau and General Foch came
to American Headquarters June 22 for a conference, he again pointed to its obvious vulnerability,
and vigorously advocated an offensive. He had faith that the German strength was overestimated ;
and that under a determined attack the salient would crack like an egg shell.
"But where were the troops for the operation? The events of the four years of war, which
had placed such heavy responsibilities upon the French Army, had made the French thrifty of
their man power. Although no sufficient strategic reserve for a counter offensive existed. General
Pershing suggested that there were divisions in rest which could be mobilized. Our untrained
divisions could release other French divisions from quiet .sectors. Our older divisions had already
proved their mettle. We had others which might not be fully trained, but they would fight.
They knew how to shoot; they had initiative. Behind them were still other American divisions
rapidly training and others arriving from America. The time had come to prick the bubble of
the Marne salient. It was only a bubble, though it was German. Let the veteran French Army
attack with its old elan and the young American Army attack by its side with the energy of its
youth, and we should force the Germans to dance to our tune instead of our dancing to their
tune."
Just at that time Major William J. Donovan, Buffalo, was in the line with a portion of the
42d Division east of Rheims. General Pershing in his report said, "they held ground unflinch-
Buffalo's Part in the World War 195
ingly." Lieutenant Wertz, the old 74th boy, was in the First Division on the Soissons front,
and the Second division, with a big contingent of Buffalo boys, was then moving into position
beside the First , on the western side of the Marne Salient. If a fight was to come off there, Buffalo
would be in it. They did not have to wait long.
The Germans launched an attack on July 15th with a view to crossing the Marne east of Chateau
Thierry. This was the offensive they expected would carry them to Paris. The German drive
was teiTific. One regiment of the Third Division * alone held its positions — the Thirtieth Infantry.
The French Division which had been holding the ground on the right retired under fire, and
the 38th Infantry on the left of the Thirtieth also fell back. Colonel Butts of the 30th, who at
that period in the German advance, when told by the French to fall back, sent word that the
.American soldiers would not be able to understand why their flag should be carried to the rear;
that he proposed to hold his position.
Colonel Butts estimated that 10,000 German soldiers were killed in that battle. Upon his
return to a rest billet a few days afterwards he dictated the following:
"On July 15th the 30th Infantry held the sector from Mezy nearly to Fossoy and covered more than four kilo-
meters of front, and five or six kilometers back from the river (Marne). The front was hghtly held. The ground
was open for a mile back from the river and then it was interspersed with woods. The reserves were in the Bois
d'Agremont and near the front line of the woods was the P. C. post. The ground rose gradually from the river and
a moving picture artist could not have selected a spot where there was such an ideal view of a battlefield; but a
view meant practical annihilation, so that the reserves suffered more than the men in front. For hours there was
nothing to do but lie close in trenches with gas masks on.
"The main attack was directed against the 30th Infantry, which received the greatest percentage of the artillery
fire in the 3rd Division.
"In the first ten seconds every wire was cut by shellfire, every horse was killed, every rolling kitchen and water
cart was destroyed, every trail obliterated, and four of the five runners were killed. Three German divisions were
opposite the 3d Division and the attack was mostly on the sector held by the 30th ; they received at least one-half
of it.
"The French division on the right of the 30th and 38th retired under fire until the Boches were across the Marne
and had put artillery on the hills south of .Jaulgonne. This forced the 38th to back up, and that left the 30th being
shelled from three sides. The reserve line and P. C. post were for a day on the advance line of the 7th Infantry on
the left and the 38th Infantry on the right. This left the 30th shelled on three sides for twenty-four hours. Orders
captured on a German officer showed they expected to have been at St. Eugene at 7 A. M. and at Montmirail, six
miles to the rear of the 30th, that night.
"Officers and men, crazed from shell shock, would rush to the P. C. post to cry that all was lost, and that it was
hell and they could not stand it any longer. But all of them did! It was a wonderful lot of officers and men and I
am proud to have commanded them. Believe me, they can fight! Any tale can be told of them and it can be more
than true. Recite any tale of heroism and sacrifice and it has already been duplicated."
Major Palmer speaking of this German drive on the Marne says:
"The result of the German offensive of July 15 justified General Pershing's premises and con-
clusions both in the repulse of the enemy and in the way which the 3d and 4th Divisions and
the French and British divisions had fought. All the Germans had gained was to deepen their
pocket. They had put the point of their salient over a river in a bloody and unsuccessful effort.
They were in reaction as the result of their failure; we were in the reaction from our depression.
It was the turning point of psychology. Immediate advantage must be taken of the opportunity.
The Germans had started a war of movement; we accepted the challenge at the moment that
they were trembling and confused from the failui'e of their own initiative. We should not take
the time for elaborate preparations which would reveal oui' point of attack; we should go in with
the rush of Manoury's men in September, 1914, and along many of the same roads where he had
struck Von Kluck. "
Many boys from Buffalo fought that day — the Marne attack — with the 3d Division. They were
■^ On the right tiank nf this (July 15th) offensive four companies of the Twenty-eighth Division were in position in face of the advancing waves
of the German infantry. The Third Division was holding the bank of the Marne from the bend east of the mouth of the Surmelin to the west
of Mezy, opposite Chateau Thierry, where a large force of German infantry sought to force a passage under support of powerful artillery con-
centrations and under cover of smoke screens. A single regiment of the Third wrote one of the most brilliant pages in our military annals on
this occasion. It prevented the crossing at certain points on its front while, on either flank, the Germans, who had gained a footing, pressed
forward. Our men. firing in three directions, met the German attacks with counter attacks at critical points and succeeded in throwing two
German divisions into complete confusion, capturing fiOO prisoners. — From Gfnt'ral Pershim/s Report, Noiriiibrr -20, 191s.)
i^i' 4 '>A '^- ik
Buffalo's Part in the World War 197
in the 7th Infantry, which escaped the fury that had fallen to the 30th Infantry. On July 15th,
in a letter home, Frank Mazurowski of 129 Coit Street, Company H, 7th Infantry, says they
had been given a two-weeks' rest, after their Belleau Wood experience and were then sent up to
the Marne River at Fossoy.
" I had to work hard there, " he wrote, " I was at it day and night. Most of my work was getting
hand grenades ready, and getting chow to the trenches." Getting "chow" to the trenches was
a dangerous task, for food servers usually pass under continuous shell fire. "Ours was a fairly
quiet place," his letter continues, "until the 14th of July. That night, or rather at 1 o'clock in
the morning, the Gei-man guns broke loose. It was some barrage. I wanted to die — that is how
bad it was. This I will never forget, but the Germans were held back until the 21st of July, on
a Sunday morning, when we crossed the river. You should have seen the "square heads" as we
call them. They were hanging dead on trees and all over the field. We chased them until July
29th when we were relieved."
Leo Dombrowski, another Buffalo Polish boy in the 3d Division, told the story of the Marne
attack of the Germans on July 15th, with perhaps a little more of detail, but his view was the
same. "We went up to the front," he says, "on the night of July 14th. A barrage came over
from the Germans which lasted seven hours. We lost about a platoon and a half of the men of
our company during this barrage. The Germans then came over and attacked the 30th Infantry
of our Division. The 30th Infantry lost heavily but held on. Others fell back, and the Germans
crossed the Marne, and proceeded down the Paris-Metz Road for about a quarter of a kilometer.
The Germans held their position for five days. I think it was about July 22d we took the offen-
sive. After crossing the Marne we advanced about 4 kilometers. The Germans were dug in and
we encountered mostly machine gun nests. We went up into a little woods called Meurcy Farm,
and in that woods we had a hot time with a lot of German snipers. They held us up for some
time until we fianked them out. We lost many men in doing this. Other divisions had broken
through their lines further up, and we then started our major advance going clean to Fismes.
There we were relieved by the 28th Division about the end of July."
Neither of the two Buffalo Polish boys were aware at that time of the American attack then
being made on the other side of the Marne salient. General Pershing had persistently urged an
attack on the German salient, as has been pointed out by Major Palmer, and General Foch
was not unmindful of the value of the suggestion. General Retain worked out the plans for the
attack. When the German drive of July 15th had been checked by the American 3d, it was
quickly decided by the Allied High Command to hit back. Not, however, until 4 P. M. on the
afternoon of July 17th, with the attack set for 5.35 on the morning of July 18th, were the plans
for the attack drawn up and instructions given to the artillery and infantry commanders.
General Pershing in his report tells briefly of the movements which broke up the Marne salient
and finally turned the Germans back from Paris:
"The great force of the German Chateau Thierry offensive established the deep Marne salient, but the enemy
was taking chances, and the vulnerability of this pocket to attack might be turned to his disadvantage. Seizing
this opportunity to support my conviction, every division with any sort of training was made available for use in a
counter-offensive. The place of honor in the thrust toward Soissons on July 18th was given to our First and Second
Divisions in company with chosen French divisions. Without the usual brief warning of a preliminary bombardment,
the massed French and American artillery, firing by the map, laid down its rolling barrage at dawn while the infantry
began its charge. The tactical handling of our troops under these trying conditions was excellent throughout the
action. The enemy brought up large numbers of reserves and made a stubborn defense both with machine guns and
artillery, but through five days' fighting the First Division continued to advance until it had gained the heights
above Soissons and captured the village of Brezy-le-sec. The Second Division took Beau Repaire farm and Vierzy
in a very rapid advance and reached a position in front of Tigny at the end of its second day. These two divisions
captured 7,000 prisoners and over 100 pieces of artillery.
"The Twenty-sixth Division, which, with a French division, was under command of our First Corps, acted as a
pivot of the movement toward Soissons. On the 18th it took the village of Torcy while the Third Division was
crossing the Marne in pursuit of the retiring enemy. The Twenty-sixth attacked again on the 21st, and the enemy
withdrew past the Chateau Thierry-Soissons road. The Third Division, continuing its progress, took the heights of
Mont St. Pere and the villages of Charteves and Jaulgonne in the face of both machine-gun and artillery fire.
198 Buffalo's Part in the World War
"On the 24th, after the Germans had fallen back from Trugny and Epieds, our Forty-second Division, which had
been brought over from the Champagne, relieved the Twenty-sixth and, fighting its way through the Foret de Fere,
overwhelmed the nest of machine guns in its path. By the 27th it had reached the Ourcq, whence the Third and
Fourth Divisions were already advancing, while the French divisions with which we were co-operating were moving
forward at other points.
"The Third Division had made its advance into Roncheres Wood on the 29th and was relieved for rest by a brigade
of the Thirty-second. The Forty-second and Thirty-second undertook the task of conquering the heights beyond
Cierges. When the Forty-second and Thirty-second were relieved, the Seventy-seventh Division took up a position
on the Vesle."
As the story of these various engagements in the Marne battle, beginning with the holding of
the Marne bridgehead on Memorial Day, 1918, is told in patches, it may be difficult for the
reader to follow accurately, in this story, the various movements in which Buffalo men partici-
pated. In reality, the holding of that bridgehead by the 7th Machine Gun Company was the
first check of the (rerman Drive towards Paris. Two days later the Marines had flocked in on
the Paris Road, somewhat west of Chateau-Thierry. While we have published statements fi-om
but a few Buffalo boys, very many from Buffalo and the suiTounding towns were in that Marine
Brigade which fought through the wheatfield and subsequently, throughout the month of June,
through the Belleau Wood.
During the time the 2d Division, to which the Marines were attached, was clearing the Belleau
Wood, and thus holding a substantial element of the German attack, the 3d Division, supporting
a French Division, had worked in along the railroad north of the bend of the Marne. Generally
speaking, they wei-e in the territory as shown on the map between Chateau-Thierry and Epernay.
It will be easy for the reader to find Fossoy on the map and that, for all practical purposes, will
give one an idea of the location of the 3d Division. This Division also had quite a few Buffalo
men in it, and early on the morning of the 15th of July they received the impact of the big Ger-
man offensive, which, in truth, was the real thrust of the German army towards Paris. While
not as many Buffalo men were engaged there as with the Marines, still quite a few of our towns-
men participated in that terrific engagement and acquitted themselves with signal honors. The
reader who has followed carefully the statements of Palmer and Pershing can realize that it was
largely through the earnest appeals of the American Commander that the Allies determined on
taking the offensive at this period; an offensive that stopped the Germans on all sides of the
Marne Salient and by July 24th was rapidly turning them back at the Ourcq, heading them
toward the Vesle. At this point General Pershing sent in the tearing, fighting 42d Division,
putting them in the "clean up" position, with a view to breaking the German spirit. This they
did, as is told by Major Donovan in the succeeding chapter.
Buffalo's Part in the World War
199
CHAPTER LIX
MAJOR DONOVAN AT THE BATTLE OF THE OURCQ
MAJOR William J. Donovan, who conceived Troop I, Buffalo's crack little cavalry company
of State Guard, years before the Mexican Border episode and who gained some military
prestige, and, possibly, some military experience in the Mexican patrol, took an effective, and
conspicuous part in the attack on the Marne salient. Major Donovan, then a Captain, left Buffalo
directly after war was declared, and assumed the post of Brigade Adjutant of the First Brigade,
New York. During his service on the border, his appointment had been asked as Lieutenant Colonel
of the 69th. New York's "Fighting Sixty-Ninth" had taken a keen liking to Captain Donovan
and that sentiment was reciprocated by the Buffalo officer. His designation as Lieutenant Colonel
was not accomplished, however, but appreciating that the 69th, by reason of its record, would be
one of the first National Guard units called for active service, he quickly accepted the duties of Brig-
ade Adjutant as a preliminary step to field work with the 69th Regiment when it should move out.
In the early days Troop I had been looked upon as a riding school for rich men's sons. The
family "coat" was supposedly the bridle ornamentation of the Troop, and the members of that
organization were sometimes called "Silk-stocking boys."
Through the efforts of Captain Donovan and his Troop the co-operation of Senator John F.
Malone, then an influential figure in the
State Legislature at Albany, was obtained
and an appropriation for an armory in Dela-
van Avenue secured. The Troop grew rap-
idly. They policed the industries at Depew
during the big strike of 1913, and made a
reputation for soldierly conduct and ability
to take care of themselves in any kind of a
scramble.
Major Donovan was not the son of a rich
father, but of parents from whom he in-
herited a wealth of courage and of character.
Those traits took him rapidly to the front
in the legal profession, and, subsequently, in
his military pursuit. He was born in Buffalo
on New Year's Day, 1883.
On July 15, 1914, Captain Donovan mar-
ried Miss Ruth Rumsey, daughter of the
late Dexter P. Rumsey, a pioneer Buffalo-
nian of wealth and position. Mrs. Donovan
tearfully but proudly and patriotically gave
way to the demands of her country for
the services of her husband, so splendidly
equipped for military work.
After his i-eturn from the Border, Captain
Donovan learned that the Troop would
probably remain in this country a long while,
so he went to New York and called on Gen-
eral O'Ryan for an assignment. He had Buffalo Boy Gets Croix de Guerre
been in New York but a short time when Major D.movan being decorated by French Commander
200 Buffalo's Part in the World War
he was appointed a Major, and given the task of organizing Brigade Headquarters at the 71st
Regiment Armory. When the 69th was ordered out as the first regiment to go to France with
the 42d or Rainbow Division, he gladly quit his task as Brigade Adjutant to take command
of the First Battalion of the old 69th, now the 165th Infantry. During the apprenticeship
of the regiment at Camp Mills, New York, and in the training area in France, Major Donovan
devised a system of preparation for the hardships of the campaign, along the lines of his own
experience as a football player, and, as events proved, with very good success.
The first intensive work which fell to Major Donovan in France was in the Luneville sector
at Rouge Bouquet. On the night of the 13th of March, 1918, when Donovan's battalion was being
reheved in the front line, the new troops were fired on by the Germans. One of the dugouts in
which a number of men were working was hit by a huge minenwerfer, and caved in completely.
While not of that command, Donovan secured permission, by reason of his familiarity with the
location, to go to the scene, and, though exposed to shell fire thi-oughout, he steadied the men at
their posts, and began operations to secure the release of the entombed men in the dugout. Or-
ganizing a relief crew, he picked up ten men who had lost their way and started back with them,
intending to bring up some engineers. Before leaving, however, he straightened out each man.
He stopped for a minute to put his arm around a youngster on guard and asked him if he was
"going to let those damned Dutchmen get his goat." In response, the boy said "No"; grasped
his gun more firmly, and resumed his watch. Major Donovan started back through the dark for
the post of command, but the Germans evidently heard the little party for it was greeted with
a shower of shi-apnel and gas. They took cover in a woods. The shells struck all around them
and ht up the dead trees. In the blaze of the explosions they could see the twigs and branches
and sometimes the trees crash down. Some of the men were badly frightened, but Donovan
finally got them all in and made his report. He had just reached his quarters, however, when the
officer who had said they would get the imprisoned men out of the dugout reported that the
vibrations from' the other bombardment had knocked down more earth and he had been obliged
to take his relief crew out. Shells were still flying about the trenches when Major Donovan
returned to the demolished dugout. There everybody had found shelter, leaving the entombed
men to their fate. Donovan ordered all hands to work; had coffee prepared for the workers,
declaring that if they did not succeed in releasing the men they would at least establish the fact
that a United States soldier is never deserted by his comrades no matter how difficult the situa-
tion. As Donovan entered the trenches, he tripped over the body of a dead soldier, and found
it was the boy around whose shoulders a few minutes before he had thrown his arm. When the
shelling began they had called to the lad to seek cover, but he had refused to leave his post. He
was hit on the head with a piece of shrapnel and killed instantly. With a few brave men and
officers, Donovan went down a stairway leading to the demolished dugout, with only a candle
lighting their way. Shells were hitting around them. Cold, muddy, dead hands stuck up out of
the earth here and there. Two young officers stood on the stairs above Donovan, tense and white
and tired; willing to face all personal dangers, but rapidly losing their nerve at the thought of
the poor devils under the wi-eckage, and the absolute futility and helplessness of it all. As Dono-
van looked at the mass of earth it was brought home to him that nothing more could be done,
and that that must be their tomb. He said afterwards, "I almost wished that the rest of the
covering would fall and bury me." It was two o'clock in the morning when he came out of the
trench; saw that the guards were posted and that everybody was "on his feet" again, and started
back four miles through the dark to headquarters to make his report. For his courage and
coolness on that occasion Major Donovan was awarded, by the French Army, the Croix de Guerre.
July 15th when the German drive which spent much of its fury on the Third Division near
Fossoy, was on, the 42d Division was in the defense of the line at Champagne. Sevei-al Buffalo
boys were now in that Division having been transferred from the 77th at Baccarat. The bulk of
the fighting there fell upon Major Anderson with the Second Battalion. After the First and
Second Divisions had made their thrust through the German salient at Soissons on the west.
Buffalo's Part in the World War 201
and the Third and Fourth were striking north, the 42d went into action on the southeastern
side of the salient, going over on July 27th. On July 28th the Third Battalion, under Major
M'Kenna, led the attack across the Ourcq. While there has been some dispute as to which Batta-
lion was first across, the Division Commander and Father Duffy, the regimental chaplain,
both support the pi-ecedence of M'Kenna's Battalion. In the remaining four days of the fighting
however, the operations in the field were conducted by Major Donovan until the Germans were
finally driven from their position to a depth of ten kilometers. Major Donovan was wounded
in that action, but refused to leave the front; he was awarded the Distinguished Service Cross,*
and, a vacancy occurring shortly afterward, was made Lieutenant Colonel of the regiment. In
a letter written to his wife, Colonel Donovan gives an interesting account of that engagement:
"August 7, 1918, 5.30 P. M.
"More of life has been crowded into the past few weeks than I have ever known before. Let me begin — On the
morning of July 25th we left our little town of Champigny in camions, 16 men in each camion, so that we stretched
for miles. I rode in a little Ford with the French lieutenant in charge, for it was French camion service, and such a
sight I have never witnessed. The Germans were only three days ahead of us. We passed through fields and towns
still filled with their dead and our dead. The roads were choked with supply wagons, artillery and machine guns.
Artillerymen were asleep on their horses. Machine gun drivers were going along with their heads on their knees
and their reins dragging in the dirt. We were relie\'ing the 26th Division. The other brigade of our division had
gone up the night before. For about a half hour we stopped at Chateau Thierry. In time of peace this must be
beautiful. I went into three fine mansions which the Germans had occupied. Books and paintings and clothing had
been pulled from their places and scattered indiscriminately. It was evident that these homes had been quitted
by their owners hurriedly, because private papers and letters were lying about so that anyone might read them.
Most of the town was just a mass of ruins. I went into the hallway of one house, and found a French soldier and
from him borrowed a piece of cheese and a crust of bread and canteen of water. That was the first meal I had that
day, and it was 3 o'clock. About 7 P. M., we arrived at the little town of Epieds and marched right straight into
an air battle in which the German planes predominated. They came down over our camions and fired their machine
guns into us. No one was hurt. One plane came sailing over us not far back of where we made a quick turn and
then passing directly over one of our observation balloons fired down around it and passed on. It was very brilliantly
and daringly done. Immediately the observer dropped in his parachute and the balloon went up in flames. We
marched to the Chateau Moucheton, which only a few days before had been German Brigade Headquarters. It
was very cold and very wet. Our wagons were not in — we had no food, excepting the men who had their reserve
rations with them. As the night wore on Ames (Captain Ames) and I got in on the floor of an ambulance and managed
to get a little sleep.
"The ne.xt morning we made reconnoissance of our position, and it was decided that my battalion should go in and
relieve an entire French Regiment near a town called Beauvardes. In the afternoon with my company officers we
made reconnoissance of these woods and ran into a terrific fight between our 84th Brigade and the Germans. It was
very hot and bloody. Two of my company commanders were wounded. A shell mixed with high explosives and gas
hit the roof directly over my head. The rain of rocks and dirt and tile fell about us, and we each got a beautiful
mouthful of gas.
"My battalion was on the move to make the relief but orders came sending them back to the Chateau, as the
relief was off. The doctor gave me some sniffs of ammonia, fixed up my eyes with boracic acid and then laid me
down on a billiard table in the Chateau and I thought I was there for the night. About midnight, however, orders
came directing us to complete the relief, and then in the rain and the darkness we marched nine kilometers, stretched
along in columns of twos, with fifty yards distance between platoons and one hundred yards between companies,
so that it seemed like quite an army. It was no easy matter making a relief in the woods with the Germans taking
pot shots at you, but, finally, we managed to effect it, and I lay in a ditch with a blanket around me, for an hour's
sleep. The next morning, in making the rounds, I noticed an unusual stillness, and made report of the fact to head-
quarters. We then learned that they had pulled out under cover of darkness, and were retreating some four kilo-
201 *AMERICAN EXPEDITIONARY FORCES
From: Division Adjutant, 42d Division. September 13, 1918.
To: Lieutenant Colonel William J. Donovan. 165th Infantry,
(Through Military Channels).
Subject — Citation for Dicoration.
The Commander in Chief, in the name of the President, has awarded you the Distinguished Service Cross (presented you September 7. 1918)
for the following act:
" Major William J. Donovan, 165th Infantry.
"He led his battalion across the River Ourcq and captured important enemy strongholds near Villers-sur-Fere, France, on 28th to 3Uth July, 1918.
He was in advance of the Division for four days, all the while under shell and machine gun fire from the enemy, who were on three sides of him,
and he was repeatedly and persistently counter-attacked. Fifty per cent of his command were lost and he himself wounded twice. His coolness,
courage and efficient leadership rendered possible the maintenance of this position."
By Command of Major General Menoher.
Walter E. Powers, Major, U. S. A., Adjidanl General.
202
Buffalo's Part ix the World War
meters ahead of us. We received orders to advance. I was tacked up on the flank of the Alabama Regiment. We
started in the afternoon. We made the advance in line of small groups and marched through large forests over the
same grounds the Germans had left just a few hours before. They had made a very orderly retreat as they had through
all this territory. They had gotten away with all their rolling stock and had left behind only large and small shells,
most of which were dated April, May and .June of this year. Dead horses were lying all about, but only a few unburied
Germans. We found many newly-made graves, but no wounded.
"About 7.00 P. M. we left the woods and came out on a hill on the southwestern part of a place of which you
have often heard — Sergy. This town was on the other side of the Ourcq River and looked very suspicious to me.
I halted my outfit and with that the 168th also halted. I then sent out patrols to the left to get in touch with the
French who were supposed to be there, but I could not find them. Then we heard a burst of machine-gun fire and the
patrol came back towards us at a gallop, one riderless horse. We had gained contact. Then the lieutenant in com-
mand came back and reported to me, and all of us lay on our stomachs while the shells began to burst all around
us. It was a perfect place for a fight. This town lay in a little basin, while up behind us lay high hills. We lay on
the forward slope. As darkness was coming over, I moved the Battalion back on the reverse slope, where it could
be a little freer from the fire. That was a horrible night. It was cold, wet and damp, and the shells were pretty
uncomfortable. I sat on the ground with my knees huddled up to my chin and managed to sleep two or three hours.
At 4.30 A. M. orders came in that we were to lead an attack further to our left. I went forward to where the Colonel's
post was and reported, and while there received a message from the General to advance and cover the right of the
3d BattaUon. That meant an advance of two kilometers in the face of heavy artillery fire. The Battalion then did
what I think was one of the best things I have seen. We made that advance of our tw^o kilometers in an approach
formation, passed through a woods, crossed the River Ourcq with only five casualties. Shells were bursting all
around us. I shall never forget Ames. He was handling his little detachment, as I was waiting at the river, like a
quarterback of a football team. We got up on top of the hill which we were directed to take and dug in. The other
Battalions were unable to stand the fire and fell back through us.
"All that day we were subjected to heavy artillery and machine-gun fire. As it wore on, some of the positions
that the German machine guns had abandoned were resumed and they got in a cross-fire on us that made a heavj-
toll. That day, however, I lost only one officer. Two or three of the men dug in a little hole that night and Ames
and I crept into it and I had a very refreshing two and a half hours sleep, which, with a cup of coffee and a piece of
bacon gave us new life.
"The next morning we were ordered to connect up with the Ohio Regiment on our left and advance to a new objec-
tive. The machine gunners had climbed in so close to us in the night that it was very difficult to move. To get to
An Allied Bombing Plane on Its Way to Metz
Buffalo's Part in the World War 203
our position we liad to face a machine gun nest, with two machine guns in the nest they put forth a burst of fire as
each man crossed the open space. Before we got going the first ten men crossing dropped, shot, and yet the next,
without a falter, went over. There were some fine examples of daring and courage.
"Finally we got back where the stream took a bend, and we were able to get under cover of a bank. Here I lost
one officer, killed. The battalion commanders on the right and left refused to move forward at all without obtaining
artillery assistance. I said that we would go forward in accordance with orders. It was simply a matter of duty.
One sergeant took a platoon against a machine-gun nest. He had twenty men when he started and when he reached
the gun, he had four. But he took the gun and the seven men who were serving it. We took very few prisoners.
The men, when they saw the Germans with Red Crosses on one sleeve and serving machine guns against us, firing
until the last minute, then cowardly throwing up their hands and crying "Kamerad," became just lustful for Ger-
man blood. I do not blame them. Several officers and men were wounded and killed, and when I heard that Captain
Bootz, who was just ahead of me, was wounded, I ran forward to see that the line was steadied. I met him as he
was being carried out and I lay down by the side of a stream to talk with him. Ames came running up behind me to
look out for me. I ordered him back, but he just smiled and said he was going to stay with me. He came up and lay
beside me. A sniper began to play on us and machine gun bullets crossed my shoulder and struck Ames in the ear.
He died instantly. I reached for him, and as I did, another bullet struck me in the hand. I rolled into the creek,
worked my way up to a group of men, and with that fire playing over us, stayed there for three-quarters of an hour
with mud and water above our waists. An aeroplane came over us, saw these troops advancing up the creek, gave
its signal to its artillery, and soon shells began to drop all around us and in the creek itself. I got the men out and into
a wood which was in the very center of the position, and had them entrench in the hillside, and on the farm and dug
in for the night. We had advanced some three kilometers without any support either on our right or on our left
flank, with no artillery preparation and with no auxiliary arms. We had done it with rifles, machine guns and bayonets
and against artillery and machine guns.
"All that night we held on and all the next day, with no food, the machine guns which the Germans had placed sweep-
ing us constantly. I do not know why I was not killed. I had been previously hit on the chest with a piece of stone
or shell which ripped my gas mask and another piece of shell had hit me on the left heel, tearing my shoe, and throw-
ing me off my balance, while somehow I got some shrapnel in my leg. I guess I have been born to be hanged. All
my headquarters oflicers had been killed or wounded, except Weller. I had Joyce Kilmer, who is a sergeant, and
whose poetry you have undoubtedly read, acting as Sergeant Major, my own Sergeant Major having been wounded.
Kilmer got a bullet in the head. He was buried beside Ames.
"I had worked into a position a little to the right rear of the Germans. We were in a very narrow and very dan-
gerous salient but we had observation on them. I got on the edge of this wooded knoll with an extension telephone
and a map. I had six machine guns, a stokes-mortar and a 37 millimeter. From there I furnished information not
only to our ow n regiment but to those on the left and right. I would use the stokes and the 37m. to strike some of
the shell holes where the Germans were hidden and then as they would start to get away we would shoot them up
with the machine gun.
"Relief was effected about 2.30 in the morning. At 3.00 o'clock I lay on the ground and slept a very refreshing
sleep until 6.00 o'clock when the Lieutenant Colonel awakened me and announced that the Germans had pulled out
and that he was sending forward patrols from the 3d Battalion. I hiked back to the town where my Battalion had
been sent and awakened them and then we started out again. We went over the field on which we had fought and
while we found our own dead, we found five Germans for every one of us. The Germans kept on retreating and were
moving on to the next forest. We took Moreuil, as you have read in the papers before this, without opposition.
Then we were relieved by another division. We marched back that night through the old farm we had taken, crossed
the stream we had crossed some days before and not a sound from the men. It has its dramatic touch!
"In eight days of battle, our Division had forced the passage of the Ourcq, taken prisoners from six enemy divisions,
met, routed and decimated a crack division of the Prussian Guards, a Bavarian division and one other division and
driven back the enemy's line for 16 kilometers. In every day of that fight our battalion had participated. It had
never retired: it had gone the farthest and stayed the longest.
"The Division Commander and the Regimental Commander were good enough to say that it was our Battalion
that had cracked the shell and that it was our tenacity in rushing forward and hanging on that had made the day
possible. They have been good enough to recommend me for a cross in terms which are too exaggerated."
204 Buffalo's Part in the World War
CHAPTER LX
FIRST AMERICAN ARMY FORMED
riEUTENANT HAROLD Wertz, the old 74th Regiment Sergeant who had won his commission
. at Madison Barracks, took a courageous part in the Soissons onslaught to reduce the Marne
■* salient. He went over the top on July 18th with the First Division, the 18th Regiment
forming the point of the attack. His captain was hit by a machine gun bullet before they had
proceeded far. Wertz assumed command immediately and led the company for three days through
a vigorous and unrelenting offensive. Just before the German salient was finally crushed in,
Wertz, while leading his company over a knoll, was struck in the left wrist with a machine gun
bullet. He went on for some time until he began to waver from the loss of blood; a non-com-
missioned officer took him to the rear. The bullet had entered just above the palm of his hand,
followed the bone, and came out on the back of the forearm near the elbow. The wound was
received on July 21st. He was in the hospital for more than a month, returning in time for the St.
Mihiel drive, but was destined for harder struggles and severer wounds than he had yet experienced.
Dombrowski, with the 3d Division, got as far as Fismes. About 4 o'clock in the afternoon of
July 28th while attacking Fismes, Dombrowski started across a field — a mustard gas shell landed
near him. Mustard gas shells make but little noise when exploding. He was heavily gassed, the
effect of it taking away his voice for a period of eight days. After spending a little more than a
month in a hospital he was returned to his command on September 2d.
The effect of this American-French offensive of July 18th was to wipe out the Marne salient
and put the fear of God into the German heart. The crisis, which the German drive of March
21st on the British line and of May 27th toward Paris created, now having been successfully
met, plans were again put in operation to establish an American front. Early in August General
Foch made known to the military commanders that the Americans were going to try to reduce
the St. Mihiel salient which had stood impregnable for four years.
The First American Army was organized on August 10th under the command of General
Pershing.
"While American units had held different divisional and corps sectors along the Western Front,
there had not been up to this time, for obvious reasons," said General Pershing, "a distinct Amer-
ican sector; but, in view of the important parts the American forces were now to play, it was
necessary to take over a permanent portion of the line. Accordingly, on August 30th, the line
beginning at Port sur Seille, east of the Moselle, and extending to the west through St. Mihiel,
thence north to a point opposite Verdun, was placed under my command. The American sector
was afterwards extended across the Meuse to the western edge of the Argonne Forest, and included
the Second Colonial French, which held the point of the salient, and the Seventeenth French
Corps, which occupied the heights above Verdun.
"The preparation for a complicated operation against the formidable defenses in front of us
included the assembling of divisions and of corps and army artillery, transport, aircraft, tanks,
ambulances, the location of hospitals, and the molding together of all of the elements of a great
modern army with its own railheads, supplied directly by our own service of supply. The concentra-
tion for this operation, which was to be a surprise, involved the movement, mostly at night, of ap-
proximately 600,000 troops, and required for its success the most careful attention to every detail.
"The French were generous in giving us assistance in corps and army artillery, with its per-
sonnel, and we were confident from the start of our superiority over the enemy in guns of all
calibres. Our heavy guns were able to reach Metz and to interfere seriously with German rail
movements. The French Independent Air Force was placed under my command which, together
with the British bombing squadrons and our air forces, gave us the largest assembly of aviation
that had ever been engaged in one operation on the Western Front."
Buffalo's Part in the World War 205
CHAPTER LXI
GIRLS AT CANTEENS CARRY ON THROUGH THE HOT SUMMER
DORIS Kellogg and the other Buffalo girls working in canteens in France during the months
of June, July and August were engaged in hard, nerve-racking work. Caring for thousands
of soldiers who passed along the line of communication was no easy task for those girls.
The physical hardships, long hours, heavy trays, and unending service sapped their strength.
However, they never faltered.
From early in June, through the hot days of July and August, the roads were blocked with
soldiers going back and forth from the front lines; new men arriving, the wounded ones on their
way back to the hospitals. Writing from Chantilly whei-e Miss Kellogg was stationed, she stated
that one of the saddest things in the world to her was the daily trip they took to the funerals
of the American boys who died in the hospitals there. "I tell you, since I have seen the Star
Spangled Banner draping those coffins, the flag has a new meaning to me," she said.
About June 10th, Miss Kellogg and the other members of her party were detached from the
hospital service, where they temporarily filled in, and were detailed to their canteen work at Orry-
le-Ville. Writing from Chantilly, where they had their rooms. Miss Kellogg set down in a very
attractive way the story of canteen work in France from June to August.
"The White House, Chantilly, France, June 19, 1918.
"At last I have seen the 'terrible Boche,' — seven hundred prisoners just went through Chantilly, fresh from the
front. Oh. let me omit that 'fresh,' for they were anything but that, just a worn-out bedraggled bunch of Fritzies.
First four hundred of them shuffled past me on the road, and then I followed them till they were halted along the
railroad tracks beside the empty freight cars which were to take them South. As I was staring at them with firm
mouth, I saw another bunch coming along. I beat it out to the road and saw three hundred more, about ten officers
in the first lines. I looked at them pretty closely and found that most of them were quite young boys, many of them
very sickly and thin. Of course, they were prisoners and that meant, probably, had been fighting hard these past
few days, at any rate were pretty tired, but even so, I think them a much less formidable bunch than the French,
and, of course, a thousand times less fit than our boys.
"I really tried quite hard to get up some feeling of hate toward those 'terrorizing Huns,' but I simply could not
manage it. They were so thin-necked and pinched about the eyes. The officers looked a million times better kept
than the men. The Fritzies' uniforms are pretty seedy, patched and faded but a marvelous color as far as camouflage
goes, grey-green that quite melts into the landscape, and steel helmet the same color, some camouflaged, which comes
quite down over the ears and protects also the back of the neck. Only a few had their helmets and the others wore
those little round caps with a scarlet band.
"I hear that Ahce O'Brian of Buffalo is coming up to the canteen next door to us as Directrice. It will be quite
nice to see someone from Buffalo. I saw Sheldon Hodge one day out at some American Field Day Sports."
"June 25th.
"Now the work is coming so fast and furiously. Every day new experiences lived through. We are running two
canteens and that makes us have to double up on our work — so you can imagine how we have to scurry. But work
certainly agrees with me and I am in fine health, — and not losing weight — alack-a-day!
"We were asked to take over the canteen at Serveilliers, the next railroad stop from Orry, where the soldiers are
taken care of on their way home from the Front."
(From then on the work each day was very much the same, plenty to do; thousands of French
soldiers were fed and refreshed as they marched through.)
"July 15th.
"Last night the Huns flew over us on their way to Paris and the Creil defense guns shook our house. Al and I
went down to the cave like the sensible girls we are. My, but it was a brilliant night, clear moon and many stars,
and all about 'eclat' bursting in the sky. You have no idea of the different feeling in the atmosphere now, as com-
pared with that during the last offensive. Then every one was grim and apprehensive, but now the morale has shot
up like a rocket and we all expect fine things to come. There is a suppressed excitement like electricity in the air. ' '
"July 19th.
"As we drove into Chantilly this evening in our camion, we saw lined up in front of the station masses and masses
of German prisoners. We were ready to scream with joy. There were fifteen hundred of them and all taken by our
206
Buffalo's Part in the World War
-.-i-J^Cv ^1t3-',,
Rheims. France, April 5, 1919
Buffalo's Part in the World War 207
boys at Soissons to-day. It is too wonderful. I stood so near them as they marched past that they bumped into me
time after time. I must tell you that those Huns were the most encouraging sight I've seen since I've been in France.
No exaggeration, they are a terribly mangy-looking crowd — poor uniforms to begin with, pieced and worn, and then
they are very young and have a decidedly under-nourished look, thin and very poor color. There were two captains
and many lieutenants, and quite a bunch of them were wounded.
"But to-night was the most unforgetable experience of them all. The wounded are pouring in here by scores and
we heard that they needed food over at the huge tent evacuation hospital and that there were many Americans there.
So after dinner we got our camion, loaded it with a crate of tobacco, hot chocolate, bread and eggs, and Al ran us
over. I cannot begin to express the condition of things in those tents. They are swamped with wounded and with-
out hope of doing anything for the men except what is utterly essential. There, lying about in the grass, were the
wounded Germans, blood-caked and exhausted: some of the worst cases were given a tent and I watched them going
in, helping each other as well as they could. One boy was crawling and dragging one leg — It was too pitiful and I
had to give him an encouraging smile. He appreciated that and smiled back so gratefully. We gave some cigarettes
to one old Red Cross Fritzie who, we were told by an American had given first aid to twelve of our wounded boys
on the battlefield.
"Then we took off our coats and pitched in. I gave water to men who were writhing in pain, fed men who had not
eaten for two and three days and tried my best to make the poor devils a little bit comfortable on their stretchers
that will be their beds for a day or so more probably. I went from gaunt, sunken-eyed Frenchmen to our own open-
faced Americans. The French with their exquisite appreciation thanked me so beautifully and our boys smiled
and said, 'She's an American all right.' But most of them could not rally enough to even think, and after giving them
some water we just let them rest. The most heart-rending time of all is when you have to refuse a boy a drink on
account of the location of his wound. It makes your heart ache as though it were being torn out. Then it got
dark, and in the dim electric light those long rows of suffering soldiers were awful. As we came out to the auto, the
ambulances were still piling in, and the full moon gave enough light to help along the work of unloading.
"One more thing before I go to sleep. They say we are two and a half miles from Soissons and that it must fall."
"Chantilly, July 25th.
"You know it's the saddest thing in the world. Every morning now some of us take time off to go to the funerals
of our boys who die here in the hospitals. We follow the hearses a long way through the forest road to a new ceme-
tery that has been cleared this last week. You can imagine the impressiveness of it all, so simple, with no unnecessary
flourishes. I tell you, since I've seen our Star Spangled Banner draping those coflins the flag has had a new meaning
to me.
"Yesterday I wrote letters for our boys who couldn't manage it themselves. I had the funniest time trying to
get them to tell me what to say. They'd say, 'Well, you just go ahead and write just like you was writin' home.'
"So I'd exercise my imagination a bit, and then when I got to the end I'd say, 'Now how shall I end it?' No
suggestions forthcoming.
"Well, shall I say 'with love?' I asked one big fellow to whose mother and father I was writing. He simply roared
at that, and, stretching in an embarrassed way, said, 'This ain't no love letter. No, just say, "I remain your son,
Jeremiah.'"
"Having learned a lesson in correspondence from the above mentioned .Jeremiah, I repeat in his words, only alter-
ing the word 'son', I remain your daughter — Doris."
July, 30th.
"My, but it was interesting yesterday here in Chantilly, long lines of squirming, straining tanks passed
through town at different intervals all day. They were coming from the Front where they have been fighting with our
Marines at Chateau Thierry and were the raciest looking things in the world, covered with mud and dust and so
cleverly camouflaged and with wicked-looking guns sticking out of their turrets. I think I have had a slight change
of heart since yesterday, and from now on these marvelous tankers are my matinee idols. They are really snappier
than the aviators, though one really should not compare them, they are so different. The ace is always perfectly
'soigner' (well groomed), and goodness knows attractive enough, but your tanker is a dashing, a devil-may-care fellow,
in black baret (tarn), black leather coat and a long knife stuck through his belt. I couldn't help but think of them as
pirates of the land, in their rolling, heaving tanks. We handed each fellow a package of cigarettes as he passed. It
was like feeding animals; a hand would be thrust out of the small opening in the front of the tank where the driver
sits, grab the smokes, and then be drawn quickly in again. In front of each machine stalked the gunner, too snappy
for anything, with knife in belt, and a long, easy stride. Really it was a great sight."
Through the long Summer the girls worked hard at that canteen, but in October they were
to be given a furlough for rest. Just before leaving Miss Kellogg wrote:
"From serving meals to six hundred Poilus every day at noon time, we have now jumped up to twelve and thir-
teen hundred, and I can tell you it means some exertion on the part of 'ces dames.' All this eating goes on within
about four hours. Yesterday I was 'tray slinger' and passed over eleven hundred meals from the serving table to
the counter in three hours and a half. I have to admit that last night after I got to bed I was so tired and I ached
208 Buffalo's Part in the World War
so that I couldn't go to sleep till dear old Al rubbed all the knots out of my muscles. But 'I should worry,' for I
succeeded in buying five 'Gott Mit Uns' belts to bring home to anyone who wants them. Kell is to have one to wear
with his white flannels — they are awfully 'swanky!' (the last is our latest expression, acquired from our two Aus-
tralian co-workers). We get the Poilus here on their way home from the Front, and they have lots of Boche trophies
which, as luck and military law will have it, the men are not allowed to take home with them. One of the girls got
a short bayonet with a saw edge; it seems that the Hun uses his spare time in the trenshes to hack teeth in the
blade. It must be quite satisfying, this self-expression of his artistic nature."
While the Meuse-Argonne offensive was in progress a number of American canteen workers were
moved into territory adjacent to the American sector. Miss Kellogg had been chosen for work
with the American forces, and late in October received a furlough of ten days, before taking up
the new post.
Buffalo's Part in the World War
209
CHAPTER LXII
GERMANY'S DEAD MARK TRAIL OF AMERICAN ADVANCE
THROUGH the rigid censorship during America's heavy fighting months but little intelligent
news trickled. We grew into a habit of reading hurriedly and doubting what we read. The
war cables refused to be more definite than "some unit" of daring Americans, "some time"
on the preceding day or week, "somewhere in Finance " accomplished something. Newspaper
stories carried the reader to an interesting point in a narrative and then appeared the word "de-
leted," and we tried to guess what in reality had happened. We knew Don Martin, New York
Herald correspondent and knew he would be close to the real situation, and we knew further
that what he set down for perusal would be as accurate as human eyes could see it and human
hands could write it, and as complete as the censorship would permit. We finally felt convinced
that American boys were succeed-
ing; that Chateau Thierry and Bel-
leau Wood had become monuments
to the valor of the American ma-
rines, and that it was being impres-
sively demonstrated to the edifica-
tion of the Prussian war party that
a new force had come into the war
whose fighting spirit, at least, was
not to be denied. We received ac-
counts of new American successes
as over the top the doughboys went,
but nothing came through of Amer-
ican losses or defeats. We did not
realize until months later there had
been no American defeats, but we
gradually began to hear of losses.
In August, 1918, Don Martin, writing to his daughter, told rather briefly, but clearly, the
situation as it then existed. It was the first real intimate estimate of the American achieve-
ments anyone in Buffalo had received, and it thrilled those who were fortunate enough to read
the letter. He wrote:
"Dorothy: "Meaux, August 4, 1918.
"I suppose you are in Chautauqua or Dahm's Beach or some pleasant place by this time. I trust such is the case.
I wish I were with you. It is quite easy to get enough of this war — to get 'fed up' on it as the saying goes.
"The war is going along pretty well just now for the Allies. We were all surprised at the extent of the German
retreat and the vigor of the Allied attack. The great importance of the present situation is, not the territory regained,
but the placing of the Germans on the defensive. Now the Allies have the initiative. The Germans must be guessing
all the time at the next move. It has always been the other way, General Foch's and General Petain's skill as strate-
gists, backed by the American troops, made the Allied offensive possible. The German has now been outgeneraled
and outfought. The French did the outgeneraling; the Americans most strikingly did the outfighting.
"The Americans are by far the most wonderful fighters in Europe. No exception need be made. They are all
young men who don't know what it means to turn back. They may be reckless. We may suffer heavy losses because
of the impetuosity of the Americans; but it is that "get there or die' spirit and the utter lack of fear, which has
temporarily stunned the Germans and which will win the war. Europe never saw fighting such as the Americans
are putting up. Perhaps Napoleon's Old Guard was good, but certainly no better, than the Americans. Now Germany
stands no more chance of winning the war than I do of being President of France. Her teeth have been pulled. On
the defensive she can fight for years, if necessary, and fight a desperate war, but the crest of her wave has been passed.
She is bound to slip, slip, slip until she is defeated. And America has made it possible!
' 'We have a vast army here now and a vast army ready to fight. Along the roads in a part of the front now there
are more Americans to be seen than anything else. I ask man.V of them where they are from. One says ' Alabama,'
German Skeleton With Gas Mask on Chest Found
on Battlefield
210
Buffalo's Part in the World War
one 'Arizona,' 'Missouri,' 'Michigan,' 'Florida,' 'New York,' 'Ohio,' 'Wyoming'— or they come from every State
and all look alike somehow.
"Yesterday afternoon, on a hill overlooking the town of Cierges, I saw 56 Americans buried in a big grave. Strangely
enough a German clergyman from Milwaukee, conducted the ceremony. Of course, he is an American, and, I judge
from what he said, a very good one. These men were killed by machine-gun bullets while capturing a woods where
the Germans were strongly entrenched. I wrote quite a story about the fight for the woods. On the field adjoining
I saw dead Huns all over; in the woods there are scores of them. Around a little farm of ten acres, known as Bellevue
Farm, I counted 72 dead Germans in a trench and could have counted more than a hundred in a quarry nearby, if
I had cared to do so. I was there the day after the battle occurred. The farm house was banged all to pieces but
the old couple (I mentioned them in a story I wrote last night), were back trying to do something with the ruin. I
could not help but feel that it is a fine thing to have someone come in and use your house and farm for a battlefield.
I went along the entire wake of the retreating Germans; saw the fires at night, caused by burning ammunition dumps,
and heard the constant booming of our guns which were dropping shells on the roads over which the fleeing Germans
were going. The scene along these roads is not a pleasant one.
"I hope the people at home are reconciled to the fact that the United States will pay a heavy price in lives to win
the war. It can't be helped. It seems a terrible thing, but the blame must be put on Germany. And how the Ameri-
cans hate the Germans! The spirit runs all through the army. The Germans are triek-y and unfair, as the newspapers
have told you. The men at machine guns keep shooting at the enemy until they see they are bound to be captured,
when they put up their hands and cry ' Kamarad,' meaning they want to surrender. One man with a machine gun
can kill or wound from 200 to 1,000 soldiers and the theory of the Americans is that a German who has done every-
thing he could to murder and then asks for mercy should be treated with a bayonet or a rifle bullet— and that is
precisely what happens. The Americans, however, never disregard the cry of ' Kamarad ' when the soldiers give up
in an honorable way. The truth of the whole situation is the Germans have found a foe that can lick them every
time they meet, and Germany is worried."
An AiUL-ncaii Murine Receiving Instructions from a French Blue
in the Value of Individual Concealment
Devil
Buffalo's Part in the World War
211
CHAPTER LXIII
108th infantry ENTERS FRONT LINE AT MOUNT KEMMEL
During the period the American Army was engaged in crushing the Marne Salient, and
before the 77th Division began to fight its way through the valley of the Vesle, Buffalo's
National Guardsmen, the old 74th, co-operating with the British, were holding the line
before Kemmel Hill. Most of their time through the months of July and August was spent on
that front, the Buffalo boys being located in what is generally known as the Dickebush Swamp.
They were in a low land and in a position where they could not inflict much damage on the enemy
being subject themselves, however, to shelling and raiding parties. They left the Mt. Kemmel
front on the 31st of August. The period of time beginning with their landing in France until
they pulled out on that hot summer's day, forms a rather interesting chapter in the history of
their career.
The 108th Infantry arrived at Brest in the Spring of 1918 on two separate convoys. Those
arriving in the first convoy were Headquarters and the First Battalion, stepping foot on French
soil on May 24th, while the detachments consisting of the Second and Third Battalions dis-
embarked on May 31st. The first named contingent was camped at Fort Bougon on the out-
skirts of Brest, while the latter was quartered at Pontenezen Barracks, between two and three
miles from the City. The latter place is of particular interest historically as it was at one time
a barracks and training headquarters for the Armies of Napoleon. The barracks proper were
surrounded by an old stone wall enclosing stone buildings of considerable age. These were being
used at the time for much the same purpose as they had been in the past, such as quarters for
troops, warehouses, jails or guardhouses, hospitals, commandant's headquarters and officers'
quarters. The accommodations were much too small to care for incoming American troops. For
212
Buffalo's Part in the World War
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Buffalo's Part in the World War 213
this reason various fields for many miles on each side had been taken over for camp sites, while
others were used simply for bivouac shelter tent camps.
Fortunately the weather was continuously fair and warm so that privations which would have
loomed large under other circumstances were lost sight of in the novelty experienced by newly
arrived troops. The change from a regular and fairly abundant ship's mess to that supplied by
entirely inadequate issue from the camp commissary was very noticeable. To add to the difficulty
most of the units were at once put to work on the docks to aid, in conjunction with negro troops,
unloading freight from the transports, which work was kept up during 24 hour shifts and should
have been backed up with hearty, well-cooked meals. Still, in spite of those drawbacks, work was
carried on with great cheerfulness on the part of the men.
After about a week of that duty which served well in losing their sea-legs, and once more teach-
ing them to shift for themselves, they entrained by battalions and similar units for a three day
train trip, destination, of course, unknown. Later developments proved that they were on
their way to the Abbeville area to join the British forces with which they were to be affiliated.
It was on that trip the men first used that antiquated and battle-scarred side-door "Pullman,"
henceforth to be known to the doughboy as "40 Hommes, 8 Chevaux." In those carriages,
scarcely larger than a piano box, were crowded thirty-two men plus their equipment and rations,
and although subjected on that and future movements to considerable scorn and ridicule, that
means of transportation served its purpose throughout their continental travelling experience.
This first ride took them to Noyelles, north of the Somme, a place used by the British for han-
dling troops sent into the Abbeville area for training.
The train schedules were apparently so arranged as to bring all arrivals to Noyelles in the morn-
ing to allow time for detraining, messing and turning in surplus equipment preparatory to march-
ing into billets in the Abbeville area. Their arrival at Noyelles marked the time at which they were
supposed to leave behind the customs and traditions of the U. S. Army in which they had been
so carefully brought up, in order that they might study and adapt themselves to those of our
Allies the British, with whom their lot had been cast for the duration of the war. It was there-
fore with a chip on their shoulder they climbed out and organized their forces under the super-
vision of British officials. A 48-hour train trip with meager fare and sleepless nights added nothing
to the frame of mind with which they met their future comrades-in-arms.
They were hurried by detachments for mess to an unusually dirty area, set aside for feeding
detraining troops and at that point received their initiation into the mysteries of the British issue.
It consisted of two hard-tack, one-half cup of tea and one-fourth tin of "bully-beef "per man.
Poor fare after the famine of a three-day train trip. After messing was finished the troops were
distributed by units in surrounding fields and relieved of all surplus articles so that ultimately
each soldier carried away what later proved to be the regular fighting equipment of Ameri-
can soldiers with the British Army. The surplus property was stacked in piles, each of its
kind, blankets, shoes, blouses, breeches, underwear, etc. These were quickly made into bundles
and reloaded on the cars under constant attention of a swarm of civilians and British " Tommies. "
After going through the preliminaries of reduction in weight, packs were made and troops
formed for a march to Nouvion — their camp site for the night. This camp was located on a bare
slope about three miles from Noyelles and was in the form of conical tents thoroughly camouflaged.
They were again rationed by the British, having received neither equipment nor supplies of their
own. At that point the shortage of water began to make itself felt, but little did they realize
how much greater would be the scarcity in days to come. Before taps, troops were formed and
sectors designated into which they were to deploy in case of air-raids. Fortunately they were
not subjected to attack and had the first full night's sleep since leaving Brest.
From Nouvion the regiment marched to its billeting area. Headquarters and the Third Battalion
being at Canchy a distance of about five miles, while the Second and First were at Domvast
and Froyelles respectively. The Division, less artillery, eventually reached this area with Head-
quarters at St. Riquier and under the Commanding General of the Fourth British Army who
214
Buffalo's Part in the World War
assigned to them a "Cadre," meaning corps of British instructors, both officers and N. C. O's.
Judging from later experiences that billeting area would be called fair, but to green troops straight
from well-regulated camps in the States, it was a great source of disappointment to take up liv-
ing quarters in French barns, lofts and chicken-coops.
The water supply of northern France was dangerous and scanty. A corps of chemists and
inspectors had to establish the status of all wells and sources of supply before troops could
use the water. Carts provided for hauling water were handled by men trained for the work and all
water received a proper sterilizing treatment. Bathing, washing and delousing facilities com-
mensurate with the fuel and water supply were diligently and ingeniously operated. Cases were
observed where water supply was so short that it was necessary to save waste water, treat it
chemically, settle it, and use it over again.
Some Buffalo Officers, 108th Infantry
After they had been in the Abbeville area for about ten days and training had been well es-
tablished it was decided to move the division to the St. Valery area just south of the Somme.
Pursuant to orders the regiment marched on .June 18th, a distance of some 21 miles. The march
was extremely difficult owing to the distance and the fact that no opportunity had been given
to harden the men since leaving home. The weather was hot and, as the wearing of blouses
was insisted on, there was a tremendous amount of straggling on account of exhaustion and blis-
tered feet. French roads are very hard and this trip stands out in memory of most of the old
74th men as by far the most difficult of even their forced marches into the line.
On Sunday .June 20th they had their first day of rest since leaving the boat a month before.
A game of ball was arranged with the 3d Canadian Divisional Signal Company. Officers and
men found many acquaintances in the troops from home and much of the vin sisters (blanc and
rouge) was consumed to the health of our Canadian cousins — a fine lot of fighting men.
Owing to the conditions on the Ypres front the 108th was moved on .July 2d, to the vicinity
Buffalo's Part in the World War 215
of St. Omar about 25 miles east of Calais. This trip carried them via St. Pol very close to the
lines and through the first really devastated country they had seen.
By the night of July 3d the regiment was again thoroughly established. On July 4th a review
of the 54th Brigade was conducted by the Commanding General P. E. Pierce. The afternoon
was devoted to band concerts, boxing and wrestling matches, until the spectators were scattered
by a fleet of Jerry planes.
At 8 o'clock on the morning of the 5th the regiment marched on Zermezeele. Later events proved
that this was the first day of its march into Belgium. That night it bivouacked in the vicinity
of Zermezeele ten miles from the Belgian frontier and due west of Ypres. The 6th was spent in
resting and washing up. On the 7th the march was continued via Cassel and Steenvoords when
in the early afternoon the men crossed the Belgian frontier and earned the distinction of being the
first American troops to enter Belgium. In this, the St. Eloi area, regimental headquarters was in an
abandoned British aerodrome near Abeele while the 1st, 2d and 3d battalions were at Beauvoords
Woods, St. Eloi and Trappist Farm respectively. Very few billets were available, making a bivouac
camp necessary, which was bad owing to the fact that the weather which for nearly two months
had been ideal for campaigning, suddenly changed to a series of thunder storms with much rain.
The 2d American Corps, comprising the 27th and 30th Divisions, was attached to the 19th
Corps of the 2d British Army under General Plumer. About July 7th the Americans found
themselves established west of Ypres with Division headquarters at Oudezeele and Watou
respectively. They had been moved into that area in anticipation of a big German push on the
Ypres sector, the enemy intention supposedly being to break through the British lines to the
sea, Calais on the Channel being only 40 miles from the Boche lines.
For defensive purposes the 27th Division was given a certain sector of the East Poperinghe
Line which was a switch line constructed in support of the Scherpenberg-Dickebush system
which latter was the main line of defense at that time. Incidentally, a portion of it covered a
section of the famous Kemmel Hill held by the Hun.
The 108th sector of the East Poperinghe line was about 6,000 yards front, extending that dis-
tance south from the southern edge of the town of Poperinghe. The regiment was disposed with
the 3d battalion on the left and the 2d in the center and the first on the right. The proper dis-
positions were made by personal reconnaissance of officers from all units. Various headquarters,
ammunition and supply dumps, signal centers, telephone cables, routes for troops and separate
routes for transport were all laid out by small carefully conducted parties. Machine gun nests and
strong points were also planned. During the progress of that work the billeting area was also
subjected to periodical shelling and air raids both day and night. They were being constantly
warned by the British of an impending push by the enemy which was expected about July 18th.
Other units of the division had not yet come up so that the 108th was to hold the position at
all costs even if they were wiped out in doing so. They were thus in a most critical position.
The 2d Battalion had sent two companies into the East Poperinghe line on July 19th, occupy-
ing the line for several days. On July 23d, Company F had two men killed in action by the explo-
sion of an enemy shell — Corporal Morris Lynchick and Private Grant C. Colton. These were the
first casualties which the regiment had experienced in action. The battalion joined the regi-
ment in the Tilques area on July 25th.
The regiment was in the Tilques training area for eight days during which time intensive
instruction was given in target practice as well as all the specialties before mentioned. Further
supplies were issued here so that altogether when the regiment left for the St. Eloi area on
August 1st it felt ready for any emergency that might arise.
Front line duty in that sector was almost a typical example of position warfare as developed
during four years. There was no general advance on the lines but numerous small raids
and counter attacks, together with artillery counter preparation and gas shelling, which kept
them very busy. They also did a great deal of trench digging and wire work, the latter along
the front line which was a series of organized shell holes held thinly by Lewis guns and rifie
216 Buffalo's Part in the World War
posts. The casualties* were fairly light during the action but as the men were experiencing the
front line "baptism of fire" they weighed rather heavily. However, the morale was superb,
so that after the last unit was relieved and had had a few days rest the men felt like veterans
and were again ready for duty.
The lOSth's next move into the line came on August 23d just four days after the last battalion
was out of the previous action. At this time the 27th Division relieved the British 6th Division
in the Scherpenberg-Dickebush Lake system. The 53d Brigade was disposed in the front and
support lines of the divisional sector while the 54th Brigade was in reserve, the 108th Infantry
being on the left of the reserve sector. Regimental headquarters were then just south of the town
of Poperinghe. The 1st and 2d battalions were in the vicinity of Ouderloom, backing up the
106th Infantry, while the 3d battalion was further west near Mandalay Corners.
For the next few days their duties in the reserve were chiefly maintaining liaison with forward
units, sending out scouting parties, mapping and reorganizing their position. They were inter-
mittently subjected to all kinds of artillery fire which was directed by the enemy against battery
positions and roads. Air activity was considerable and resulted in severe casualties in Company I.
The strain of enduring shell fire in reserve areas and waiting for something to happen far for-
ward was very wearing so that when the news came on August 28th that the Boche were evacuat-
ing Mt. Kemmel and falling back all along the line it was received with much relief. Word was
received to be ready to move forward at a moment's notice and they remained ready for twelve
hours but no order came.
In the meantime the 53d Brigade advanced, suffering severe losses from machine gun nests
which had been left by the enemy for rear guard action. They continued their advance, however,
to Vierstraat Ridge which they held until the Division was relieved by the British on August
31st. They moved out of the line at that time and concentrated around Winnezeele preparatory
to entraining for a rest area near Doullens. Casualties suffered by the regiment during the cam-
paign in Belgium were as follows:
Killed— 10 Wounded~.56 Missing— 4
It has been well established through official channels that the British were ready to leave
the Mt. Kemmel front on a moment's notice of attack at the time the two American divisions
arrived. The big German attack was expected there at that time, and the British officers were frank
in saying they did not expect to be able to stop it; they expressed an eager willingness to turn the
job over to the Americans. The latter proposed to let Fritz know he had been to the circus. That
German attack was never made. Fritz was then in trouble on the Marne. The incident simply went
to show how shaken was the confidence and how low the morale of the British Army in that sector
when the Buffalo boys and their associates in the 27th Division entered the Mount Kemmel front.
The 27th Division was relieved on September 3d and went into reserve at Beauquesne near
Amiens, preparatory to participating in the drive by which General Foch contemplated breaking
the German line of supplies between Valenciennes and Metz, and obtaining control of the Sedan-
Mezieres railroad. In that effort the Americans were affiliated with the British Fourth Army
under General Rawlinson, and, best of all, were to co-operate with the Australian troops between
whom and the Americans a very strong attachment had sprung up. The men understood they
were to make a drive on the famous Hindenburg line where on three distinct occasions the
British had been repulsed.
Arriving in Doullens from their rest area the 108th Regiment assembled at a place called
Tincourt, a small woods located in what was known as the Somme area at a point back of the
Hindenburg line between Cambria and St. Quentin.
* The third man of the 108th to meet death was Corporal James Carney, the first Buffalo man of the regiment to be killed. While on duty in
Belgium on August 13th, a shell struck the point of Corporal Carney's gun, filling him with shrapnel. He died instantly. Private Fred Hall of
Batavia was badly wounded by the same shell. Another ButTalo man of the 108th to give his life while the regiment was in the Dickebush sector
was Corporal W. H. Davidson. He had just been selected as a Gas N. C. O. and had been up in the front line for instruction. Coming out of the
line he received a bullet through the chest and was dead when picked up by first aid men.
While the regiment was still in Belgium, in the reserve line, a Hun night Iiombing plane dropped 'an egg* on a billet and wounded thirteen
members of I Company. Sergeant Souter was killed instantly; Charles W. Hoadley, a Bradford boy was also killed, and Corporal Wagner severely
wounded. — Captain E. G. Ziegler.
Buffalo's Part in the World War 217
CHAPTER LXIV
77th division IN THE HELL HOLE VALLEY OF THE VESLE
IT will be recalled that General Pershing in concluding his report on the breaking of the German
Marne salient said, "the 77th Division took up a position on the Vesle. " That statement
is interesting, and important perhaps, only in that it was the official announcement of the
arrival of the first National Army division on the fighting front. First in France, first to hold a
front line position, and now, first among the selective service men to enter the battle line is some-
thing of a distinction which that Division of Buffalo boys and their comrades from other sections
of the State will long enjoy.
Beginning on the night of August 1st the 37th Division, composed of former Ohio national
guardsmen, moved up to the Baccarat front to relieve the 77th Division. When the 77th had
relieved the 42d at Baccarat it was green, frightfully green; American military men knew it,
the 77th knew it, and the Germans knew it. It was a much improved outfit, however, when the
Ohio men came up for front line training, and the 77th was withdrawn for front line action. But
five Buffalo boys, so far as now known, were in the Ohio Division which moved up to that Lor-
raine sector on August First. One was Charles Freuh, who had been rejected by the doctors in
Buffalo, but who persistently sought enlistment and finally was accepted by the physicians in
Cleveland, enlisting in the " Cleveland Greys;" another was Victor Sweeney, of 95 Eastwood
Place, a student of Case College in Cleveland who enlisted in the Ohio National Guard at the
outbreak of the war; Irving H. Johnson, 147th Infantry and two Greek boys, William Huroodas,
148th Infantry, and Speur Sardales, 147th Infantry. Two of these boys were severely injured
before the close of the war, the first named passing through a tragic experience.
When the 37th Division arrived at Baccarat and the 77th was leaving, the 302d Engineers
were the first to move out. They proceeded by march to the neighborhood of Bayon, where
they were joined by the artillery. The infantry hiked to Charmes. On August 6th they entrained
but were unaware of their destination. Their train ride lasted for two days and they soon became
aware of the fact that they were going into the neighborhood of real battle. The Engineers and
the Artillery detrained at Coulommieres. Here they found busses waiting. They were carried
through the ruin and wreckage of the Marne battlefield over which the Americans had just driven
the retreating Huns. Death stared at them from every ditch. Snipers, dead in their lofty tree-
top posts, swung in the wind; destroyed buildings, the scattered bodies of animals, torn with
shells, all gave them a never-to-be-forgotten introduction to a real battle area. The bus ride
carried them through Chateau Thierry and Fere-en-Tardenois to Nesle Wood, near Seringes.
They joined the infantry at Fere-en-Tardenois, and then relieved the tired and battle-worn 4th
American and 52d French divisions. The relief was effected on the night of August 11th, in the
"Hell-Hole Valley of the Vesle," where the advance in the second battle of the Marne had been
halted.
The 77th was given no time to be shown around and get acquainted with its new premises; the
old tenants pulled out and the new moved in. The 28th Pennsylvania guardsmen had relieved
the 32d Division on the right of the 77th, and a French Division was on the left. Opposing the
77th were the German 17th, 39th and 216th Divisions and the Fourth Guard Division. While
the Germans had been pushed out of the Marne salient, nothing was wrong with their morale at
that time, and military men, generally, conceded the Germans had not given way much. The
moral effect at home of their failure to go through was the most serious blow they had suffered.
The worst was yet to come.
The entire 77th Division was in position by the 17th of August, the artillery being the last
to come up, and for three weeks stood a rather severe siege. They found themselves buried in
the hottest kind of a hole. The Engineers, 302d Regiment, worked heroically night after night
Buffalo's Part in the World War 219
repairing the bridges over the Vesle under heavy shell and machine gun fire. They constructed
wire defenses for their positions, constructed many artillery and foot bridges, repaired and cam-
ouflaged roads. Here the first Buffalo man in the 302d Engineers to die, Private Wallace Parmenter,
was killed while at work on a bridge.
Two other Buffalo boys of the 302d Engineers were killed at that point, "It was a bright
Sunday morning about 8 o'clock, when 'Fritz' started to shell us, "said William Sweetland of
Angola. " It was breakfast time and some of those who had been out on detail the night before
had not yet got up. I was just going down with my mess kit when I heard a shell coming. I
flopped flat on the ground for I could tell by the sound it was going to land pretty close. They
have the sound of a sky rocket when they 'go off.' It landed and threw dirt all over us. The
second landed right in front of my comrade's bunk. Then I heard the cry for first aid.
"When the smoke cleared away three were dead and two of them were Buffalo boys, George
Kreutzer and Gerald Sabin. The shell had killed three and wounded four. Our chaplain could
not get there that day and I volunteered to take his place. I held a short service and buried
my friends that afternoon."
Roswell Park, a first lieutenant in the 305th Infantry, of this Division was put out of the war
at the time his regiment moved up on the Vesle. He was gassed and shell-shocked on August
14th, and was never returned to his company. Lieutenant Park, in a letter prior to that time,
shows how small this old world is anyway. It is injected here rather abruptly, but necessarily,
as Park here passes out of the war picture:
"The middle of June saw me in Paris for eight days where I was fortunate to meet Roscoe
R. Mitchell, Arnold Watson, James How, William Meadows and C. W. Goodyear who had just
landed for Red Cross work. Also met Mrs. John Knox Freeman who was working with the Ser-
bian Mission of the American Red Cross and who was later decorated by the Serbian Govern-
ment. Captain Davis T. Dunbar arrived in Paris while I was there, having just been through
the famous fight at Belleau Wood. I also met Captain (later Major) John Satterfield. While
in the field hospital near Fere-en-Tardenois I met up with a Buffalo operating team composed
of Captain (later Major) Joseph P. Brennen and First Lieutenants M'Dowell and Fairbanks.
Also met ' Bill ' Emerick of the Courier, and it was good to see them. "
It was the dogdays of Summer when the Division arrived on the Vesle, and the 77th were
super-heated with all the Germans had to send over. As one Buffalo boy put it "the smaller
guns were sending over quart cans of dynamite and the larger ones cook-stoves.
"Baccarat," he said, "was only a boxing match, but the Vesle, that was a sure-enough fight."
The Vesle River is only about thirty feet wide at that point, and eight or ten feet in depth
at its deepest point. It has high, straight banks, however, and steep ridges on each side. The
Germans held the north bank, while the front of the 77th Division ran parallel with the southern,
one end touching at Mont Notre Dame and extending east in the direction of Fismes. The artil-
lery was behind Hill 210. For three weeks the 77th held that position under artillery fire, suffer-
ing many casualties. German patrols crossed the river at frequent intervals and hand-to-hand
combats were numerous.
The 77th, however, was no longer a "green" Division, but was rapidly rounding into a high-
class combat organization. Still, it had a severe lesson yet to learn.
That lesson was taught on the Vesle !
The Division leaders, growing restless under the severe strain of simply holding without the
incentive of making an advance, decided to capture Bazoches. The 306th Infantry was selected
for the job, and the tactical maneuvers were all worked out to perfection. Bazoches rested in
a deep pocket on the German side of the Vesle. Hills stretched back from it on three sides. The
attack started at 4 .15 A. M. August 27th and at daylight one platoon signaled "objective reached ".
Then the Germans began to bomb that platoon on the front and both flanks from their concealed
positions on the hills. At 5.25 A. M. the platoon was retiring, the Lieutenant in charge and four
men alone getting back. At 10 o'clock, Captain Bull, who was in charge of the raid, decided to
220 Buffalo's Part in the World War
withdraw from the village. The Division had paid a big price for success and failure, but it had
a lesson, which in the short time it had to prepare for the greater struggle to follow, it could
probably have acquired in no other way.
Among those who made the trip across the Vesle into Bazoches on August 27th were Edward
P. Morrisey, Arthur Georger, Frank Shultz and about five others of the 302d Engineers. Mor-
risey is a son of Battalion Chief Morrisey of the Buffalo Fire Department. With his companion
Shultz he was cut off from the infantry platoon in the confusion which followed the opening up
of the German guns on the hills. Seeing that the Germans again had possession of the town,
Morrisey and Shultz picked up Frank DeBlase, a wounded infantryman, and crawled over to
an immense pile of charcoal near the railroad track. They had some food with them. But it did
not last long during their self-imprisoned stay. Each night Morrisey would crawl out from their
hiding place on a foraging expedition. They intended to fight their way to the river but the
wounded man, at the time they found him, was in no shape for a hurried departure. Morrisey
determined not to leave without him, though it is probable the two engineers could have made
their way back at night through the German lines. Finally, after five days of waiting and with
hunger coming on, the infantryman having recovered his strength somewhat, the three men left
their hiding place and crawled toward the German sentry. The night was very dark. When
they reached the line, they could see two German machine gunners walking back and forth.
Morrisey killed the two gunners with a hand grenade, made a dash for the river, swam across,
bringing the wounded infantryman safely back into the American lines. For his courage and
valor the Buffalo boy was awarded the Distinguished Service Cross, and promoted to the post
of sergeant.
On the same night John J. Kelly and John Dwyer of Company E distinguished themselves.
Lieutenant Meadman, of their company, had been shot down near the bank of the river. Dwyer
and Kelly saw him fall and hurried to his side. While exposed to machine gun and shell fire
they carried the injured Lieutenant to headquarters company, but he was dead when they arrived.
For their heroic act they received official citation.
In the party which left with Morrisey for the trip across the river on the eventful night of the
26th, were Arthur Georger and John Bastedo of Buffalo and some others of C Company. Corporal
Thomas F. Reilly was in charge of the detachment. The little group had a difficult time fighting
their way out of the trap into which they had been sent, but they showed an heroic front, and
Reilly, with one or two others returned. Young Georger, the popular son of a Genesee Street
merchant, was killed while protecting the retreat of the detachment. When Shultz and Mor-
risey finally came through, it was thought that possibly Georger was hiding somewhere in the
town, but the retreat of the Germans and the advance of the Americans two weeks later showed
that Georger had gone down with his rifle in his hand facing the enemy. Several German bodies
near the place where Georger was found would indicate that he had collected full toll for the
sacrifice he made. Georger was recognized by his tag and gas mask on which he had written
his name.
Another Buffalo boy, Simon H. Risman, Company D, 307th Infantry was wounded the same
night but not in that sortie.
Shortly after the Bazoches episode, Major General George B. Duncan was relieved from the
command of the 77th, being replaced by Major General Robert Alexander. The two incidents,
perhaps, were in no way identical or related, but the change came at a time when the 77th was
"finding itself." From then on, the 77th was a full-fledged combat division of the finest fighting
temper and efficiency, equipped for the great task it was about to perform in the drive through
the Argonne Forest.
On September 2d the Germans began to pull out of their position on the Vesle. The First
American Army had been formed, and it was known the Americans were to start a major offen-
sive. Where it was going to hit, and when, were the unknown factors. Undoubtedly the Germans
decided to pull back to a more advantageous point than they then held on the Vesle, retiring to
Buffalo's Part in the World War 221
the Aisne. The 77th followed them rapidly, however, pressing the retreating Boche, and fight-
ing a successful engagement with the rear guard detachments at Haute Maisons on September
3d. The 77th followed for seven and a half miles, causing appreciable loss to the German forces.
When the Boche fell back, details of the engineers accompanied the advance infantry, while
the remainder worked immediately behind repairing roads, constructing more bridges across the
Vesle, de-gassing the numerous caves and rendering harmless the enemy's traps and mines.
The 77th Division was relieved by an Italian Division on September 15th. The units marched
back to the Coulonges-Villers-Agron-Aquizy area. Two days later they again embussed for a
long ride to Verrieres, preparatory to taking their place in the Argonne offensive.
Many members of the Division had been killed, wounded or gassed in the "Hell-Hole Valley
of the Vesle."
Buffalo's Part in the World War 223
CHAPTER LXV
BATTLE OF ST. MIHIEL— DEATH OF CAPTAIN PLATT
THE St. Mihiel attack after its crashing artillery start became in the judgment of many a
promenade. It consisted mostly of preparation and barrage, and yet, returned soldiers have
said they experienced rough going at St. Mihiel. Hoping to make it a surprise attack. General
Pershing observed the strictest secrecy, concerning his plans, the place and time of attack. Rain
fell continuously for several days prior to September 11th, but on that day the skies cleared and
from enemy aeroplanes German observers had their eyes filled with a fascinating picture of what
was coming to them. American soldiers and artillery were .massed on three sides of the salient.
There are those who believe the German High Command had decided not to make a stand in
that salient, which they held so successfully for three years against every sort of attack. Metz
was a much more substantial ground from which to make a resistance. If they had not reached
that decision before the barrage, they arrived at it soon after the American barrage began.
Buffalo's big contingent, represented in the 78th Division, had been selected to take part in
the St. Mihiel attack. They opened in support of the Second Division. The 42d, numbering many
Buffalo men in its ranks, was in the line and the 153d Artillery Brigade (78th Division) with farmer
boys and city chaps from this end of the State well represented, had taken up a position in sup-
port of the 90th Division. The Second Division, now numbering upward of 300 boys from
Buffalo and surrounding towns in the Marine regiments, was in line by the side of the 90th. In
addition to those two divisions, the 82d and the 5th divisions* were also in the First Corps, under
the command of Major General Hunter Liggett. The right of this corps rested on Pont-a-Mousson,
and the left joined the Third American Corps, containing the 89th, 42d and First divisions.
Their line extended to Xivray, and they were to swing in towards Vigneulles for the initial assault.
The Second Colonial French Corps was next in line, and then came the Fifth American Corps.
The 78th Division, together with the Third Division, was in reserve for the First Corps. The
35th and 91st were also in reserve and the 80th and 33d were available.
The 106th Field Artillery and the 102d Trench Mortar Battery of Buffalo were co-operating
with the 33d, and had moved up on September 11th. but did not get into the fighting until the
close of the drive.
When the German aviators hovered over the American lines on that clear September day, the
11th, they saw 1700 guns set for a barrage; ammunition had been drawn up in vast quantitiesf
and the American Army was ready to send across the heaviest and mightiest barrage of the war.
The night of September 11-12 was dark— impenetrably dark— and a soul-seeking rain was fall-
ing. At 7 o'clock the men were ordered forward and through the dismal night they crowded the
roads, each seeking his appointed place, the commanders anxiously groping for the right turn in the
road. By 12 o'clock all units were in their preliminary positions. The artillery opened the pre-
paratory firing at 1 o'clock; at 3 A. M. the heavy barrage opened. To the infantrymen it looked
as though they were set in one vast circle of flashing skies and crashing thunder. So well lighted
♦"The 9th Infantry Brigade of the 5th Division regular army, consists of the 60th and 61st regiments of infantry, and the 14th Machine Gun
Battalion. In these three units a large portion of the personnel are boys from Buffalo, Lockport, Niagara Falls, and other neighboring towns.
Last February. 1,500 or more men were transferred from the 78th Division, then at Camp Dix to the 6th Infantry Brigade at Camp Green.
N. C. All these men left their homes in the drafts of September, October and November, 1917.
The 5th Division left the United States April 16, 1918, arriving at Brest, France, April 28th. After arrival we were given three weeks of mten-
aive training, when the division was inspected bv General Pershing, and designated as a shock division.
In the Saint Mihiel offensive the division gained fame, going over the top at 5 A. M., September 12th, taking a number of towns and many
prisoners. The division was cited in general orders for its great work. We came out of the Saint Mihiel sector about September 17th, for a brief
rest and training. — Letter from Private J. F. Kersten, Buffalo. 6Ist Infantry, Fifth Division."
t " I never shall forget the night the big push started at Saint Mihiel. It was the first big American drive that was pulled olT by an all-Ameri-
can army. Two of us were out with a load of powder charges and we couldn't find the place where it was supposed to be taken. It was as dark
as pitch and raining like blazes. Men were swarming up to the trenches. They went over the top at 5 o'clock that morning. We finally unloaded
the ammunition where it was wanted.
"The dugouts were filled with artillerymen who were resting up for the big fracas. The big guns were to start at 1 o clock and we were warned
to get our trucks off the road before that time. We finally got started back, but our truck slid into a ditch. We were out of gas. Suddenly the
guns started all together. It was the most fearful noise I have ever heard. The earth seemed to shake. The next afternoon the German prisoners
were brought in. in groups of 100 or more. They totaled thousands. Our division, the 78th was given great credit in this drive. — Letter from
Private William Lawson. 303d A. T. {employe Buffalo News).
Buffalo's Part in the World War 225
was the field from the blazing powder that they could now easily find their lines. The 1700 guns
belched away and the earth rocked. There was no answering shot from the Germans, and the
American troops at 5 A. M. walked quietly down behind their barrage, across No Man's Land
for a considerable distance, before they met even the slightest resistance. General Pershing in
his report on the battle says :
"After four hours' artillery preparation, the seven American divisions in the front line advanced
at 5 A. M., on September 12th, assisted by a limited number of tanks manned partly by Amer-
icans and partly by the French. These divisions, accompanied by gi-oups of wire cutters and
others armed with bangalore torpedoes, went through the successive bands of barbed wire that
protected the enemy's front line and support trenches, in irresistible waves on schedule time,
breaking down all defense of an enemy demoralized by the great volume of our artillery fire
and our sudden approach out of the fog.
"Our First Corps advanced to Thiacourt, while our Fourth Corps curved back to the south-
west through Nonsard. The second Colonial French Corps made the slight advance required of
it on very difficult ground, and the Fifth Corps took its three ridges and repulsed a counter attack.
A rapid march brought reserve regiments of a Division of the Fifth Corps into Vigneulles in the
early morning, where it linked up with patrols of our Fourth Corps, closing the salient and form-
ing a new line west of Thiacourt to Vigneulles and beyond Fresnes-en-Woevre. At the cost of
only 7,000 casualties, mostly light, we had taken 16,000 prisoners and 443 guns, a great quantity
of material, released the inhabitants of many villages from enemy domination, and established
our lines in a position to threaten Metz. This signal success of the American First Army in its
first offensive was of prime importance. The Allies found they had a formidable army to aid
them, and the enemy learned finally that he had one to reckon with."
The enemy left the point of the salient under the heavy barrage and quickly sought healthier
lines in the rear. Many got through, but the Americans, forcing in from both sides, cut them off
by the hundreds, capturing an immense number of men and vast quantities of supplies. The First
Division alone, attacking in the Beaumont sector, advanced 14 kilometers in 19 hours, captured
five officers, including a major, 1190 men, 30 guns of 77 and 150mm, 50 machine guns, 1 anti-
tank gun, 100 rifles, large quantities of ammunition and three narrow gauge locomotives. Other
Divisions had like bags. In the haul made by the 42d Division, in addition to wagonloads of vege-
tables, was a mail box filled with letters from German soldiers to their folk back home. In all
those letters ran the same story of a weakening morale, and these were a source of encourage-
ment to the American leaders. The following missives are typical of them all :
From Grenadier P. Langner, 6th Grenadier Regiment. September 11, 1918.
" Dear Joseph. As I liave already told you, we have been here in a quiet position since August 21st. This
would be a good place to wait for peace, but, of course, dear friend, you know that the 10th Infantry Division cannot
bear anything quiet. Of course, our artillery had to start again to increase its activity. Besides that every evening
strong patrols are sent out to bring in prisoners but they are always driven off by the Americans. The talk around
here was that Schangel (perhaps a nickname for the Allies) wanted to attack here from the 14th to the 15th, but no
one can depend on that rumor. We are only five kilometers from your old position, measuring as the crow flies.
(Combres Heights.)
"We are in the Sonnard Woods. A short time ago I saw Fr. Joseph and he said that we would not stay here long.
I hope we do not go into our old haunts again where we made the first offensives for the Englishman is giving us
some heavy licks up there. He has won back almost all the territory that we won then. Kuhnert P. wrote that he
was already at Ham. He wrote me lately everything was falling up there. I am for the present time in reserve and
from here I go for ten days to the S. O. S "
The Americans were beginning to loom large on the German horizon even before the St. Mihiel
offensive according to this letter:
"From Heinrich Kirschke, 47th Infantry. "Pannes (six), September 11, 1918.
" When will that time come again that we can live together again so comfortably in Berlin? It looks very
sad for our beautiful Germany. Who knows whether the Americans will not even yet break through? This morning
at 3 o'clock we were again alerted and thought the Americans were going to attack, but nothing as yet. However,
we captured a couple of prisoners who said that they would be in Germany in eight days. This place is not far from
226 Buffalo's Part in the World War
Alsace Lorraine where Metz is soon reached. We few fellows cannot hold up this superior might and must all go
helplessly into captivity and, of course, most of the prisoners are murdered. But then we have to be satisfied with
our fate whatever happens. I shouldn't like at all to be taken prisoner for one is then entirely cut off from the dear
home. Still worse than that is to be severely wounded. Better dead than that. Well, I have always had luck up to
now and guess I'll get through somehow.
"According to all appearances we are approaching turbulent days. We are constantly alerted and it is feared that
the Americans are going to attack in this sector. They are said to have assembled tremendous numbers of tanks
and troops on the other side. In that case we are lost. But everything in our front line is balled up, so don't be
surprised if you don't hear from me for several weeks. I am finally convinced that I couldn't be any worse off over
there than I am here "
The salient was reduced one-half by the first day's effort, and, while the opposition grew as
the American Army advanced, the lines of the salient were quickly straightened out.
Subsequent to this operation a German military report on the American troops of which the
following is a verbatim extract, came into the possession of the First Army Corps:
"At least nine American divisions took part under the command of General Pershing. Of these nine divisions
there were three — the 1st, 2d and 42d — first-class attacking divisions: two, the 4th and the 26th, good fighting
divisions which had already shown their work in other large attacks. The attack was preceded by a f qui -hour
artillery preparation, in addition to a short trench mortar bombardment. The shooting of the batteries was very
good, not only on the front trenches but also on all the communications and rear areas. The initial attack was
carried out according to schedules, but the successive waves showed great inaptitude in following up the advance.
Officers as well as men did not understand how to make use of the terrain. Instead of seeking protection when they
encountered opposition they merely fell back. To crawl backward or forward on the ground, or to advance in quick
jumps, does not seem to be understood by the Americans. They remain lying on the ground for the time being
and then just stand up again and try to advance. Neither in mass formation nor individually do the Americans
know how to conduct themselves in an attack. They are unquestionably brave. They are evidently afraid of being
captured. When capture impends, however, They Fight to the Last and Do Not Put Up Their Hands.
"The Americans showed themselves skilled in the use of machine guns. In defense they are very tenacious. The
conduct of the infantry seems to show a lack of military training. The artillery preparation was well carried out.
"The leadership was unskilled and awkward. The enemy apparently has many officers at his disposal, but the
elements of leadership are lacking. Their embarrassment was unmistakable after obtaining their initial success.
They remained helpless on their new line and were unable to take full advantage of their victory. The French, in
the same position, would have been much more dangerous. After the infantry had reached its objective the higher
command failed. It was therefore possible for the army detachment (the Germans), under the most difficult con-
ditions, to extricate itself from its precarious situation in one night. The American is very amateurish, and there-
fore not to be feared in a large attack."
On September 14th the 78th Division was moved up on the St. Mihiel front and saw con-
tinuous action from then until October 9th. They took the towns of Jaulny and Rimicourt.
Captain Samuel H. Piatt, Company E, 309th Infantry, of Buffalo, was killed on the second day
of the drive. Private Henry C. Stief describing his death says:
"Captain Piatt had been advanced to the rank of Major, his commission arriving at Regi-
mental Headquarters a short time after his death.
"It was the second day of the St. Mihiel Drive. Several of our officers were gathered in the
post command, or officers' hut, mapping out the work and consulting about the coming fighting.
Just then, whether accidentally or otherwise, the German artillery made a direct hit. A heavy
shell dropped squarely in the quarters killing three captains and one lieutenant and wounding
two lieutenants. Captain Piatt was one of the men killed. His death was a great shock to us
Buffalo boys and to others who had grown to love him as a leader. "
In the St. Mihiel engagement Lieutenant John A. Bachman, 248 Scheule Avenue, put his
name on the scroll of honor by a diligent effort to protect his men during a heavy barrage. He
gave his life for his men and his country and won the Distinguished Service Cross, being partic-
ularly commended in the following citation :
"Second Lieutenant John A. Bachman (deceased) 308th Machine Gun Battalion. For extraordinary heroism near Jaulny, France, on Sep-
tember 26, 1918. During an early morning raid Lieutenant Bachman attempted to place two guns in position when the enemy opened a terrific
barrage. He was ordered to shelter on the slope of the hill and after his men had taken refuge there he went back to determine whether all of
his men had reached safety. In passing through the barrage he was struck by a shell and instantly killed."
Another Buffalo boy who fell while gallantly discharging his duty in the St. Mihiel attack was
Buffalo's Part in the World War 227
Lieutenant Allan Wilkins Douglass, 113th F. A., 30th Division. At the time war was declared
young Douglass was a sophomore at Yale, and, while the news of America's entrance into the
war flashed over the wires, Douglass, like many other American boys, had his application for
military service on the way to army headquarters. He was assigned in May to the first officers '
training camp at Madison Barracks. Late that year he received his commission; was married
in March, 1918, prior to his departure for overseas. While advancing with his battery on Sep-
tember 12th he met his death. A division citation commends Lieutenant Douglass for his meri-
torious service as follows:
"First Lieutenant Allan W. Douglass, Deceased. Battery E., 113th Field Artillery. During the engagement near LiMEY, 12th September. 1918,
after being struck by a shell splinter he continued the work of removing the dead and wounded horses and moving the carriages to a place of
safety. Later he was again struck by a shell and killed while in the performance of his duty. His courage and utter disregard for personal safety
inspired the men of his section to continue their work successfully."
The 78th Division suffered many losses after relieving the 2d Division during the latter part
of the St. Mihiel Drive. Steve Yaschuk of G Company, 311th Infantry, 141 Selkirk Street, was
hit in the neck by a piece of shrapnel, killing him instantly. His company was then holding the
front line, and Yaschuk was out on a wiring party at the time he was hit. He was buried in a
churchyard at Vieville-en-Haye, France.
During the general attack on September 26th, .John F. Burke of B Company, 311th Infan-
try, whose brother lived at 2000 Seneca Street was wounded by shrapnel in the arm, back
and hips. He was evacuated to Hospital No. 12, but died from his wounds on the following
day.
Sergeant Major Louis Blase, Headquarters Company, 309th Infantry, of 48 Welmont Place
was hit early on the morning of September 17th at the time Captain Piatt was killed. Head-
quarters of the regiment was occupied by various oflScers and men, including Sergeant Blase,
when it was hit by a high explosive shell. Every man in the building was more or less severely
injured. Sergeant Blase died before first aid could be administered.
Norbert B. Dorscheid, Private, 311th Machine Gun Company, was conveying a message from
platoon position in front line on the St. Mihiel sector to Headquarters when an enemy shell
exploded near him, wounding him fatally. He died while at the first aid station.
John V. Earl, 162 16th Street, Buffalo, Private in M Company, 310th Infantry, while return-
ing to Brigade Reserve was struck by a high explosive shell on September 28th and killed instantly.
This happened on a road between Thiacourt and Jaulny. Rocco Frazzoli, a Private in Company
A, 310th Infantry had been killed instantly by a high explosive shell near the same point just
as his Company was going into action two days before.
Edward W. Kindt, 311th Infantry, B Company, whose mother resided at 257 Howard Street,
was killed on September 24th at Bois St. Claude by a direct hit of an enemy shell while on out-
post duty. He was buried by his comrades where he fell. Christ .1. Klaiber, Corporal, Company
H, 311th Infantry, 456 Jefferson Street, was killed on September 21st while on patrol duty,
attacking a German machine gun nest. Just as he pulled out from a clump of brush and led his
automatic rifle squad into action he was struck in the stomach by a machine gun bullet and
died almost instantly. Sergeant John Lundquist also of H Company, said that he never saw
anyone display greater courage than Corporal Klaiber, in cleaning out machine gun nests that
day, until, finally, he was called upon to make the supreme sacrifice. Another Buffalo boy to
die that day was Alexander Kuczkowski, a Private in B Company, 311th Infantry, 70 Woltz
Avenue. He received a bad wound from shrapnel in chest and right side during the general advance
and died in Evacuation Hospital No. 12 on the following day.
Private H. J. Laurencell, 342 South Park Avenue, Company B, 311th Infantry, was killed by
shell fire on the 24th, being the victim of a direct hit on outpost duty. Boleslau Makowiecki,
Private in B Company, 311th Infantry, 205 Weimar Street, was killed by shell fire same day.
Daniel J. Murray, G Company, 311th Infantry, 255 Fulton Street, was killed by shell fire during
the afternoon attack. Private Markey, who was beside him stated that a shell exploded near
228 Buffalo's Part in the World War
them and a piece of shrapnel hit Murray on the right side of the head. His death was immediate.
Jacob C. Moritz, Private, Company M, 311th Infantry, was killed a few days prior to that by
the accidental discharge of a hand grenade. Sergeant Arthur Nelson of G Company, 309th Infan-
try, was killed by shell fire the same day that Moritz was killed.
Martin Saar, Private, Company B, 308th Machine Gun Battalion, was killed by shrapnel on
September 25th at about 5.10 A. M. near Jaulny. Saar was asleep in his shelter after being relieved
from his gun position, when a shell exploded in his immediate vicinity, killing him instantly.
On September 26th the Germans accounted for a good many Buffalo boys of the 78th Divi-
sion, for after relieving the Second, the enemy counter-attacked severely. During one of these
counter-attacks Private Walter Schultz, B Company, 311th Infantry was hit several times. He
was dead when first aid reached him. Leo Schweitzer of Headquarters Company, 311th Infantry
received wounds from which he died while engaged in fixing an abandoned German dugout.
•Just a small piece of shrapnel entered Schweitzer's groin, but it severed an artery and he bled to
death within ten minutes. He was hit about 4 o'clock in the afternoon.
On September 24th, John C. Weidman, 364 Watson Street was on his way to outpost duty
when he was hit by a shell, killing him instantly. Another Buffalo boy, Henry J. Wolf, who
was well known in his locality, 440 Humboldt Parkway, was killed in the St. Mihiel sector. He
had been out repairing telephone lines all day and part of the previous night and he returned to
his station to get a little sleep. About 4 A. M. the enemy laid down a heavy barrage on the front
area. Private Heider who accompanied Wolf heard a gas alarm and they put on their masks
and laid down again. They had scarcely reached the ground when a large shell struck a tree
directly above their dugout. As soon as Private Heider removed his mask when the all-clear
alarm had been given he turned to Wolf and found that he had been hit in the neck by a piece
of shrapnel which killed him instantly. He was buried on September 22d in Thiacourt Cemetery
by Chaplains King and Gearhart.
Buffalo's Part in the World War 229
CHAPTER LXVI
PLANNING THE DECISIVE BATTLE OF THE WAR
A s early as July, 1917, General Pershing had decided that the first offensive of the American
/\ Army would be against the St. Mihiel salient. At that time, however, he anticipated hav-
-^ -*- ing an American sector much earlier than was finally the case. But in any event it can
readily be seen that the St. Mihiel attack was a well-thought out operation. A few days before
the drive, according to Major Palmer of Pershing's Staff, Marshal Foch came down to see General
Pershing and they had a talk. Palmer says the upshot of this was that before Pershing had even
struck at St. Mihiel he began preparing for the Argonne battle. Indeed, that talk resulted in
the most daring campaign of the whole war, and the decisive one of the war. The original idea
of the St. Mihiel drive was to move clear to Etain and Mars-la-Tour, seriously threatening Metz.
Pershing kept up that impression, and it will be recalled, said Palmer, that Hindenburg went to
Metz in person to look after the fortifications.
Meanwhile Marshal Foch had decided to develop the whole line of attack from Flanders to
the Meuse, aiming by a system of alternate blows in rapid succession, to confuse Ludendorff's
disposition of his reserves, to break through the old fortifications at every point, and to force
future operations in the open. American divisions helped to break the line northwest of Soissons,
and that east of Rheims. "Marshal Foch seemed to think well of us as hne breakers."
According to Major Palmer, no one had ever conceived of any offensive from the Meuse River
to the Argonne Forest. It was striking straight at the German line of communication. But the
natural defenses back of the first line enemy intrenchments were indescribably difficult. Reading
the reports of the time, it looked as though we went into that battle well prepared. "As a matter
of fact" continues Palmer "the American attack appeared to be defying all the rules and prec-
edents which war on the Western Front had established. In order to make sure of a surprise
Pershing avoided many details of preparation which hitherto had been considered essential. It
was the kind of manoeuver which makes or breaks commanders. He dared all for immediate
victory instead of waiting all Winter on the supplies and the training which he needed for a Spring
offensive."
Concluding his comments in a satisfied way, though clearly showing the looseness of that opera-
tion, which in itself accounted for many hves needlessly sacrificed, Major Palmer said: "We
sent in divisions which had never been under fire before, divisions which had never operated with
their artillery brigades, divisions short of transport. We wore down forty German divisions.
Ludendorff brought more and more reserves of artillery and machine guns against us, but we
kept at it — kept hammering. It was the Somme and Passchendaele over again, with the hope of
victory the wine to exhausted officers and men. Drive, drive, drive — with the Germans slowly
weakening. I had seen many battles — but nothing like this. We captured one lot of three hun-
dred prisoners in which every man was a machine-gunner. Proportionate to prisoners we took
three times as many guns as the Allies — which showed how the Germans were pressing their guns
to the front in the Argonne battle.
"At intervals between October 1st and November 11th we had as many troops in the front line
as the British and French together. We were holding up our end — even our green divisions were.
"On November 11th we had only two fresh divisions in reserve, and the French had fourteen
and the British seven, as I remember. We had offered ourselves without stint. Individuals did
not count. Nothing counted but victory."
The Meuse-Argonne offensive which quickly followed St. Mihiel was the solar-plexus blow of
the war. Though Major Palmer has said enough to show the incompleteness of the American
preparation, the fact that it concluded in a decisive victory virtually ending the war, perhaps
should be sufficient for the arm-chair critic.
230 Buffalo's Part in the World War
The all-important hinge of the Allied drive was assigned to the United States Army in the
American sector, they having been given the task of breaking the German lines of communication
through Mezieres and Sedan. Simultaneously with the swing through the Argonne the Second
Division with the French were to attack Blanc Mont drawing the Boche forces away from St.
Quentin, while co-operating with the British, the American 27th and 30th Divisions were to
strike the Hindenburg Line, between Cambrai and St. Quentin, at a supposedly invulnerable
point. The 27th Division had been withdrawn from the Mt. Kemmel sector a short time before
in preparation for the attack conditional upon the success of the St. Mihiel drive, complete as
the Allied High Command hoped it to become, and as it subsequently proved to be.
Buffalo's Part in the World War 231
CHAPTER LXVII
GENERAL NOLAN OF AKRON— HERO OF APREMONT.
EARLY in 1899 a young Lieutenant, not long out of West Point, came to Fort Porter as a
member of the 13th Infantry, and left Buffalo with that regiment for the Philippines.
That young man was Lieutenant Dennis E. Nolan, a graduate of West Point in 1896, who
had served through the Spanish-American war as aide-de-camp to General Miles, 1st Infantry,
U. S. Regulars. Lieutenant Nolan's folks then lived in Akron, and the young officer was a product
of the high school of that town. He had entered into competition for a cadetship at West Point,
stood highest among the school boy competitors and was named by the congressman of his dis-
trict to the first vacancy at the military academy, which occurred in 1892.
When America entered the World War in 1917, General Pershing found Major Dennis E. Nolan
serving in the War Department at Washington. He had gone to the Philippines a Lieutenant
in the 13th Infantry and came out of there a Major in the 11th Cavalry. He had served later
as an instructor at West Point, and in 1910 was returned to the Philippines as Director of the
District of Luzon and came back in 1915. When General Pershing received his order to go abroad.
Major Nolan was occupying uneasily a War Department chair.
Picking out a small staff of officers, the American Commander left for overseas, arriving in
France in June, 1917. A well organized staff, in the opinion of General Pershing, through which
the commander could exercise his functions was essential to a successful modern army. And,
unquestionably, the American Army about to go overseas had to be primarily a successful army,
and necessarily, a modern army. A new modernized railroad engine, a completely equipped
tender, and splendid new coaches, no matter how thorough their manufacture and how efficient
their construction, would be useless for practical purposes unless hitched together by a proper
coupling. Accordingly, it is well estabhshed that no matter how capable divisions, regiments
and companies might be, success for the army would not be possible without thorough co-ordina-
tion. Hence, the General Staff.
Up to that time, however, the American Army had possessed no General Staff broadly con-
structed and trained for war. The building of this Army, therefore, had to begin at the top.
The staff when completed had the task of carrying out the policy of the Army, directing the
details of administration, supply, preparation and operations of the Army as a whole, with all
special branches and bureaus subject to its control. General Pershing obtained complete informa-
tion as to the organization of the veteran French staff, and also reviewed the experience of the
British who had similarly formed an organization to meet the demands of their enlarged and
newly constructed army. The American Commander says in his report: " By selecting from each
the features best adapted to our basic organization, fortified by our own early experiences in the
war, the development of our great General Staff system was completed."
The Staff was divided into five groups, and the chief of each group was an assistant to the
Chief of the General Staff. Group 2 of the staff had charge of the censorship, the secret service,
enemy intelligence, gathering and disseminating information, the preparation of maps, and all
similar duties. In looking around for a head for that division, the boy who 26 years before
had gone out from the Akron high school to West Point, was the choice of General Pershing and
the other American officers in France as an ideal selection for the post. Accordingly, Brigadier
General Dennis E. Nolan became G. 2 of the American Expeditionary Forces; and thus, an Erie
County man appeared in France with the first American force and as one of the chief advisers
to the Commanding General. He was then 46 years of age.
At that time Brigadier General Nolan's family had moved to Tonawanda, leaving their home
in Akron for a wider field, where a younger brother who had stepped from the University doors
a short time before, might enter the practice of medicine.
Buffalo's Part in the World War 233
Having completed his General Staff, General Pershing established the American headquarters
at Chaumont, decided upon the size and make up of the American divisions, and planned the
method of organization to be followed upon the arrival of troops. General Nolan immediately
turned his attention to the immense task ahead of him, and built from the ground up the entire
intelligence system of the United States Army in France; organized, and from then on adminis-
tered the secret service work among the American forces. Upon General Nolan rested the respon-
sibility of giving the American commanders information of the movements of the German forces.
That he achieved remarkable success in his work was attested by many officers; General Pershing
having cited him* personally for distinguished service.
However successful he was in obtaining information as to the enemy movements, and no matter
how valuable that service was to the country and the success of the American arms, General
Nolan won his greatest distinction, and will be longest remembered by the men of the Arr erican
Expeditionary Forces, for his work in the Argonne Forest in command of the 55th Infantry Brigade
of the 28th Division, Pennsylvania national guardsmen.
Knowing that the effort in the Argonne would be a mighty difficult one. General Pershing did
not hesitate to use the most experienced men he had whenever and wherever he deemed their
services more advantageous to the cause than the officers theretofore in command. To make
certain the taking and holding of Apremont, General Pershing directed General Nolan late in
September to proceed to the Argonne and take command of the 55th Brigade. In company with
Colonel Walter Sweeney of Wheeling, W. Va., Nolan commanding the center column planned
a defense of deep shell holes, in which he hid a number of machine gunners, on the outskirts of
Apremont far in advance of his supporting brigades on the right and left. The Germans centered
their attack on this advanced position and soon reached the shell holes containing the pick of Penn-
sylvania's guardsmen. Those brave boys in the shell holes armed with machine guns caught
the German horde coming forward and mowed them down like grass. The two regiments of Nol-
an's brigade then going forward wiped out the remainder of the German force in that immediate
locality and made the capture of Apremont complete and lasting. Returning soldiers state that
neither " Colonel Sweeney nor Brigadier General Nolan commanding had any sleep for three days. "
" I never knew that generals like that were right up there with us doughboys. Of course, we
went forward. "
This was the opinion expressed by a muddy, unshaven Pennsylvanian soldier who had just re-
turned from the death-stalking heights above the Aire valley, speaking to another who personally
knew the Brigadier General who was referred to.
"General Nolan worked out the defense of Apremont before the German counter attack,"
said Lieutenant Davis of Philadelphia. "Then in the thickest of the fight he came out and joined
us. We had 300 men and sixty machine guns. A Prussian regiment came over in the fog. We
scattered into shell holes, ten men to each, and practically wiped them out. Those we did not
wipe out our tanks coming up at dawn finished. He is every inch a man.
"While we were up there fighting we saw him going from shell hole to shell hole, never bend-
ing his head. That is what gives men grit. I never saw the general we had before outside of a
dugout, the new one was always leading us."
For his sei-vices with the Pennsylvania boys at Apremont, Major General Hay, commanding
the Division, cited t him for extraordinary heroism in action.
When the American advance through the Argonne became a certainty, General Nolan was
returned to his duties at headquarters.
*" Brigadier General Dennis E. Nolan, U. S. Army
"For exceptionally meritorious and distinguished services
"He organized and administered, with marked ability, the Intelligence Section of the General Staff of the American Expeditionary Forces.
His estimates of the complex and everchanging military and political situations, his sound judgment and accurate discrimination were invaluable
to the Government, and influenced greatly the success that attended the operations of the American Armies in Europe.
"By command of General Pershing. "J. A. Ulio, Adjutant General."
t "Brigadier General Dennis E. Nolan, 55th Infantry Brigade
"For extraordinary heroism in action near Apremont, France, October 1, 1918
"While the enemy was preparing a counter-attack, which they preceded by a terrific barrage, General Nolan made his way into the town of
Apremont, and personally directed the movements of his tanks, under a most harassing fire of enemy machine guns, rifles and artillery. His indomi-
table courage and coolness so inspired his forces, that about 400 of our troops repulsed an enemy attack of two German regiments."
234
Buffalo's Part in the World War
Despite the fact that National Guard soldiers resent the promotion of regulars over State officers,
in the short time that General Nolan was with the Pennsylvania brigade he so won his men by
his soldierly qualities and personal courage that when he left he was the most beloved officer in
the division — [Information given to the editor by National Guard officers of the Twenty-eighth.]
North Tonawanda furnished two other members of the Nolan family to the service of Uncle
Sam in France. Captain Daniel A. Nolan was adjutant of the Fifth Infantry, stationed in the
Canal Zone, Panama, when war was declared. He was detailed for duty at the Plattsburg train-
ing camp during June, July and August of 1917, promoted Major National Army August 22,
1917, and assigned to duty as adjutant of the Depot Brigade Camp Upton, N. Y. ; transferred
to the 77th Division, National Army, on its departure for France in March, 1918, and assigned
to command the 305th Machine Gun Battalion. He was the first officer of the National Army
commanding a fighting unit to land in France. In June, 1918, he was ordered to the General
Staff College at Langres; promoted to Lieutenant Colonel, National Army, in July, 1918.
In the organization of the Sixth Corps in August Lieutenant Colonel Nolan was assigned to
duty as Assistant G-1, the branch of the General Staff devoted to administration. He served
with the Sixth Corps in the Marbache sector and in the Second Army Moselle offensive up to
the date of the Armistice. He was recommended to the grade of colonel on merit while serving
with the Sixth Army Corps.
Another brother, Lieutenant Martin F. Nolan, a practicing physician in North Tonawanda,
realized the pressing need in the army for medical men ; and the need was pressing, for the expedi-
tionary force in the early days of the war was far short of its medical quota. Leaving his practice,
young Nolan tendered his service to the Government and was sent to Base Hospital, No. 41,
St. Denis, France.
While the services of General Nolan at Chaumont and in the Argonne were exceptionally valu-
able and valorous, and while Colonel Nolan rendered commendable service on the corps and
divisional staffs, it was reserved for the youngest of this trio of splendid soldiers to crown the
efforts of all with the noblest sacrifice that a man can make for his country. Lieutenant Martin
F. Nolan, died October 9th, in a hospital adjacent to the one in which Don Martin, the Silver
Creek war correspondent, died.
^
Ruins cif a liiurcli al Monllaui'im
Buffalo's Part in the World War 235
Lieutenant Nolan's services and death are very clearly recounted in a letter to Mrs. Honora
Nolan, heroic mother of the three soldiers, at 213 Goundry Street, North Tonawanda. The letter
was sent by Captain Miller of Base Hospital No. 41 :
"St. Denis, France, December 3, 1918.
"Lieutenant Nolan's death was a great shock to us. He was sick only about five days. About two o'clock in the
afternoon of October 9th the Lieutenant died in the presence of Abbe Nozais, English speaking Priest of the
Cathedral of St. Denis, and a few friends.
"His brother. General Nolan, was notified as soon as the diagnosis of pneumonia was made, but did not reach
the hospital until the evening of the day on which he died. After death, his body, in a flag-draped casket, laid in
state in the Chapelle of the Legion of Honor, which was at one time the worshipping place of the Benedictine Order
of Monks. The casket was placed directly in front of the Altar, under a constant military guard; on either side where
the floral tributes from members of the organization, officers, nurses and enlisted men. Funeral services were con-
ducted by Abbe Nozais, who spoke beautifully of Lieutenant Nolan's fidelity and devotion to work among the sick
and wounded. The casket was borne from the Chapel by six officers, placed in an automobile and escorted by the
entire organization, led by the officers, to the gate. As the car passed out of the grounds, between the column of
officers on either side, taps was sounded.
"The death of Lieutenant Nolan struck a deep blow in our hearts, although we had known him only a short time.
He had under his care at least two hundred patients — all of the most serious cases, such as pneumonia and gassed
patients. It was probably due to his untiring efforts and long hours of work that he contracted pneumonia. No
man ever labored more faithfully than did Martin Nolan.
"Try hard as we may it is impossible not to meditate over the swiftness and tragedy of the death of such a man
so far from home. To his loved ones at home this thought must strike all the deeper. Lieutenant Nolan was not
permitted — though he tried hard — to serve his country on the battlefield. But his death here was none the less the
Supreme Sacrifice. His life was filled with rare possibilities, but he sacrificed all to serve his country. Martin Nolan
has played his part and proved himself a man.
"Walter E. Miller,
CaptainD.C.,B.H.U,A.P.0.702, A.E.F."
238 Buffalo's Part in the World War
CHAPTER LXVIII
77th division ENTERS ARGONNE— COLONEL JEWETT DECORATED
WHILE many Buffalo men had rendered splendid service to their country, and not a few
had made the Supreme Sacrifice in Belleau Wood and in the Second Battle of the Marne
and at Soissons, at the Ourcq and at the Vesle, the widest range of Buffalo's participa-
tion on the battlefields of France must be written in the Meuse-Argonne offensive and in the
breaking of the Hindenburg Line. Up to that time Buffalo's banner had been carried gloriously,
untarnished and with added lustre through each new engagement, by Buffalo men in the Regu-
lars, in the Marines, and by those who fought with Donovan in the Rainbow Division, by those
engaged in the brief, and valorous, but sad, experience of the 77th Division on the Vesle.
To the 77th belongs the peculiarly dramatic credit, after its discouraging debut in battle, of
graduating into an efficient combat division. It never had the advantages of leadership that fell
to some of the other divisions ; it never had the transport equipment attached to other divisions
and the task assigned it was one of sustained difficulties through the heart of the impenetrable
Argonne. Its wounded frequently died of exposure through failure of the proper functioning of
divisional units, but its courage never lessened and it performed its assigned duty courageously
and completely.
Perhaps it was stung into fighting efficiency by the bad mauling it received on the Vesle, or
its new commander. Major General Robert Alexander, may have given it a new divisional spirit.
In any event he aided tremendously in swinging the division into fighting form. When it left
the Vesle sector on the night of September 16th, it was a new 77th Division in everything but
a name. The Division was moved up in camions to the vicinity of Civry-en- Argonne and attached
to the First Army Corps. Buffalo officers were not too numerous in the Division. Karl E. Wil-
helm, noted Cornell athlete and prominent Buffalonian, destined to play an important part in
the Argonne offensive, had been assigned to Company E, 308th Infantry, under Captain George
M'Murtry. The only other Buffalo officer in that regiment was Lieutenant Cook of Lackawanna.
They had won their commissions at Fort Niagara, at the Officers' Training Camp, getting the
documents in November, 1917, and were then detailed to Camp LTpton, sailing for overseas with
the Division and eventually reaching the Argonne Forest.
Every Buffalo man in a combat division in France, not then in the hospital, participated in
that giant offensive. Buffalo's national guardsmen, in the 27th Division, still co-operating with
the British Army, were given the mighty task of breaking the famous Hindenburg Line at a point
near Bony. The artillery of the 27th Division, including the 102d Trench Mortar Battery and
the 106th Field Artillery, still separated from the division, and assigned to support the 33d Divi-
sion formed the base of the Argonne hinge. The 106th took a position on September 25th on
the historic "Dead Man's Hill." Next, to the left of the 33d, was the 80th Division, then came
the 4th Division of regulars, and besides the latter the 79th; then the 37th, 91st, 35th, 28th,
and on the extreme right of the American Army, the end of the whip which was to slash through
the Argonne Forest, came the New York 77th Division, with its many hundreds of Buffalo boys.
Beyond the 77th was the French Fourth Army its right of line at Vienne-le-Chateau. The 78th
Division had orders to move into a reserve position. Thus the two divisions, containing the bulk of
the Buffalo selective service men, then overseas and in combat service, were relatively close together
on September 25th when the hour of attack was announced to the regimental leaders. The artil-
lery of the 78th Division, operating with the 90th Division up to that time, was attached to its
own division and went to the Argonne front reserve line along with the remainder of the 78th
Division.
The Argonne Forest is about 20 miles long and seven miles wide. The line of attack extended
from the Meuse to the Aisne on the start off. The thin line of French that had been holding the
Buffalo's Part in the World War
239
line was withdrawn on the 25th, and used with the Fourth French Army on the extreme left
along the Aisne; French were also holding the lines southeast of the American sector.
Although the American line had moved up the 23d of September, the French line was not with-
drawn until late on the 25th to mask the arrival of the Americans. The attack on the 26th was
a surprise attack.
The Argonne is a region of continuous dense woodland and thickest underbrush, a succession
of hills and ravines, of brooks and swamps, with few roads, and those few invariably commanded
by the wooded heights. The Germans held all of the Argonne except the open woods in the south,
and in four years they had fortified the Forest by every means known to scientific ingenuity into
an impregnable fortress which, perhaps, only Americans would have been daring enough to tackle.
German artillery commanded the few roads of approach and every treacherous ravine. Ger-
man machine guns swept every forest path and insignificant trail and every hill slope. German
machine guns were further posted thickly in echelon, so as to form interlocking bands of fire,
long chains of machine gun barrages. The trees were interlaced with barbed wire, with succes-
sive defensive systems running miles back. The Germans, too, had been prolific in their use of
cement. In four years they had constructed systems of reinforced concrete trenches; the terrain
was dotted with cement "pill-boxes." There were blockhouses and tree top "fortresses."
Above all, the Germans had four years of experience in Argonne Forest guerilla warfare and a
perfect knowledge of the terrain, reinforced by lookout towers, concealed observation posts, an
Outside a Dugout in the Argonne Forest
Members of the 307th Infantry, 77th Division, at a dugout south of Charlevuix Mills
in the thickest part of the forest
240 Buffalo's Part in the World War
elaborate telephone system and a narrow gauge railway system for bringing up troops, ammuni-
tion and supplies.
No German soldier had ever dreamed of an attack through this Forest, and everything was
done to conceal the nature of the operation from them. The American artillery observers during
the period of preparation wore French uniforms. On the night of the 25th, the 77th and other
divisions in the reserve line moved up and the French came back. Owing to the vast amount of
territory covered by the 77th, the four infantry divisions were necessarily in the line, the 305th
on the extreme right and the others, in numerical order, stretched to the left until they met up
with the 1st French Division.
That, at least, had been the arrangement. On the left flank for service between the 77th and
the French, a Franco-American force had been organized which was to act as a combat liaison
group. It was made up of the 368th Infantry of the 92d Division. A barrage was laid down
for the 368th, but it did not advance, and the 77th went away on the morning of the 26th with
its left flank exposed and continued so through the entire Argonne drive. Owing to a misunder-
standing, or failure of leadership, the 368th Infantry did not take its appointed place.
After the first two days of the attack, surprise days for the enemy, the German defense began
to stiffen as fresh divisions were rushed into the strongly fortified forest, but the driving power
of the Americans was not to be denied. On the right of the line from the Aire to the Meuse, the
troops moved forward rapidly. The 37th Ohio Division, the 79th drafted men from Pennsylvania
and Maryland, the veteran 4th, the 91st, 80th and the 33d moved up in unison; the last named
division, supported by the 106th Field Artillery and the 102d Trench Mortar Battery, two Buff'alo
units, followed the Meuse, and cleaned up the territory from Forges to Dannevoux. Charpentry
and Montfaucon had also been taken before night of the 27th and, on the following day, Cierges
fell. The American Army had taken 10,000 prisoners on the first day.
As the 91st Division moved forward behind its thundering barrage that morning and encountered
the first line of resistance, it was quickly discovered that one of the infantry brigades was badly
disorganized. They were in the line just west of the Aire River in contact with the 35th Divi-
sion on the left and the 37th on the right, the three divisions moving ofl^ together from the Boure-
villes-Avocourt Road and headed through Cheppy and Very to take Charpentry and Epinonville.
Colonel Henry C. Jewett, a brother of Sherman S. Jewett and Mrs. Fred H. Williams of Buf-
falo— a Buffalonian himself until he entered the military service from West Point in 1901 — was
in command of the 316th Engineers, attached to the 91st Division, when his division went over
the top that morning. Colonel Jewett's men had cut the first wires in the forest. He was work-
ing at that task when Major General W. H. .Johnston, in command of the Division, sent for
and directed him to proceed forward as commander of the disorganized infantry brigade, the
182d Brigade, at that moment virtually demoralized. The General in command of the Brigade
had been removed a few minutes before. Colonel Jewett, from reports which have since
come through from officers and men, quickly reorganized the brigade, took up his position in
the line, and went into Charpentry that night having cleared the Apremont-Montfaucon Road.
They were then right in step and on time with the 37th Division. For courageous leadership and
intelligent handling of the brigade, Colonel Jewett was awarded the Distinguished Service Cross,
the order reading: u
"Colonel Henry C. Jewett, 316th Engineers, for extraordinary heroism in action during the Argonne-Meuse offensive, September 25th to Octo-
ber 4, 1918. Assigned to the command of an Infantry brigade. Colonel Jewett was directed to go forward, find his brigade, and consolidate his
regiments, which had become separated. He crossed territory under terrific fire and pulled his rear regiment to the aid of the regiment in the front
which was seriously engaged, thereafter commanding the movements of both regiments in a highly creditable manner."
After the first phase of the Argonne, a Brigadier-General was given command of the 182d
Brigade and Colonel Jewett returned to his own work, the engineering regiment having a most
difficult part to play from that point forward in the Argonne attack. Later on Colonel Jewett
acted as Chief of Staff" of the 91st Division.
While a Buffalo Colonel was thus distinguishing himself by heroic effort, a Buffalo private in
the 147th Infantry of the 37th Division, fighting by the side of Colonel Jewett, likewise showed
Buffalo's Part in the World War 241
his valor. Charles Frueh, of 1694 William Street, the chap who had failed to pass the Buffalo
doctors, but who effected an enlistment in the Ohio Division was shot down by a machine gun-
ner early in the day. Frueh's company, along with others of the 147th Regiment, was halted by a
severe machine gun action from the crest of a hill. His company was compelled to fall back,
leaving a number of wounded on the ground, among them the Buffalo private wi'ithing with a
bullet through his thigh. A German lieutenant with a detachment of seven men hurrying forward,
searching the ground, came across Frueh and directed him to go to the rear a prisoner.
"I can't walk," said the Buffalo man, speaking in German. The Lieutenant told him he would
have to go back, but the lad replied he would rather die where he was than become a prisoner.
The angry Lieutenant grabbing a riffe from the nearest soldier, fired six times from his hip
at the prostrate boy on the ground. Five of the bullets took effect in the boy's side and arm,
but none fatally. The return of the reorganized American company put the Germans to flight,
but the German Lieutenant and five of his men were brought down before they could get out of
harm's way. Frueh finally recovered.
The gallant 77th Division during that time was in the center of the forest, ploughing its way
through. Many of the Divisions in the territory between the Aire and Meuse had fairly open
going, but the 77th was in the heart of dense wood, and had been slowed up until, on the 29th,
the center of the line was stopped. On October 1st an attack made along the entire front by
the 77th was checked at every point and the 77th found itself anchored. Orders came that night
to attack again in the morning.
242 Buffalo's Part in the World War
CHAPTER LXIX
MAJOR WHITTLESEY'S BATTALION, 77th DIVISION
THE morning attack came on time. Cyril Brown, New York World staff correspondent, in
his account of the 77th's advance, pursuant to orders, on the following morning, October
2d, tells picturesquely and accurately the story which constitutes the history of the "Lost
Battalion. " Lieutenant Karl Wilhelm, commanded Company E, 308th Infantry, of that Battal-
ion, and thus, in that most hidden spot in the black heart of the Argonne, Buffalo was again
faithfully and courageously repi'esented.
The division was ordered to attack at 12.50 P. M. on its entire front regardless of losses. The
elements of the division were further ordered, if successful in breaking through the German line,
to advance regardless of flank protection and to hold their objectives until the rest of the line
caught up with them. The Division attacked on schedule time, supported by a barrage and by
a simultaneous attack by the French holding the Binarville sector west of the 77th. But the
attack ran into murderous enfilading fire from cleverly concealed machine guns which apparently
left not a loophole in the entire front. The Germans held all along the line and the American
attack seemed to be a complete failure.
When the situation cleared a slender ray of success appeared. One battalion alone had suc-
ceeded in breaking through the German line. At all other points the Division had been held up.
Elements of the 1st and 2d Battalions of the 308th Infantry, reinforced by sections of Companies
C and D of the 306th Machine Gun Battalion, all under the command of Major Charles S. Whit-
tlesey had found Achilles's Heel of the impregnable German line — its one vulnerable spot. This
was the Ravine de Charlevaux, on the extreme left of the Division's line and running through
the center of the 308th Infantry's sector. The one undefended spot of the German line was in
the bed of this ravine, and by a process of infiltration through the underbrush along the eastern
bank of its slender stream Major Whittlesey's force, now comprising Companies A, B, C, E, G
and H of the 308th Infantry, with the added machine gun detachments, succeeded in breaking
through the German line and alone reaching its objective, the so-called Charlevaux Mills.
Without support of any kind on either flank this solitaiy band of unconscious heroes had
reached — and intended to hold — a position deep within the enemy's lines. On the left the French
attack had made no progress and had been held up in front of La Palette Pavilion. On the right
the 307th Infantry had been unable to make progress and had been checked.
At that time the "Lost Battalion" had no way of knowing that it was far in advance of the
checked elements on both its flanks. It only knew that it had broken through the German trench
and wire system, losing about ninety men, but capturing two officers, twenty-eight privates and
three machine guns. It confidently expected support in the form of reinforcements; and, as a
matter of fact, the 3d Battalion of the 307th Infantry actually did attempt to follow it that same
night, but only Company K succeeded in slipping through and reinforcing Major Whittlesey in
the morning.
To the layman it might look as if Major Whittlesey's band of heroes had blundered with their
eyes open into a man-trap. But nobody had blundered. Major Whittlesey had specific orders
to break through the Charlevaux Mills and hold it until the rest of the line came up, which left
him no discretion for avoiding a possible man-traj) by retreating, or, once in. trying to fight his
way back.
That night Major Whittlesey took up a position near the crest of the hill south of La Viergette-
Binarville, about 500 meters east of the Charlevaux Mills. He and his band did not know until
morning that in the night the Germans had been supei'-active, digging trenches, running barbed
wire entanglements and posting machine guns in his rear, across the path of his advance, and
thus repairing the break in the German line which his force had made.
Buffalo's Part in the World War 243
Casualties had reduced his command to 600 effectives, including the machine gunners. These
"babes in the Argonne woods" were now hopelessly "lost" in a deep "pocket" formed by the
junction of two steep ravines, with slender streams, meeting at right angles. On four sides they
were hemmed in by steep, densely wooded slopes. In the darkness Major Whittlesey led his men,
struggling through the morass, across the brook and junction of the two ravines and up the
tangled slope almost to the crest. In front, and about 100 yards from the crest, the Binarville-
La Viergette road hugged the slope. With the utmost difficulty, funk holes were dug in the stony
ground of the hill slope. Also, the men had no blankets or overcoats. And lastly, they had already
eaten up their reserve I'ations in the course of their advance. But this night they were to enjoy
their last quiet, restful night. Not until morning did they discover the true character of their
desperate position. At daybreak October 2d details were sent to the rear for rations. At the
same time. Company E, under Lieutenant Wilhelm, was sent back to attack from the west of
the ravine from which the original attack had been launched, in order to assist reinforcements
in getting through and up.
244 Buffalo's Part in the World War
CHAPTER LXX
LIEUTENANT WILHELM, BUFFALO, IN "LOST BATTALION."
THE situation was a desperate one, but the uncertainty as to the location of the others, Amer-
ican and German, did not force home the idea on the Lost Battalion, that conditions were
any different that day from what they had been on each preceding day. The state of affairs
is best gleaned from Lieutenant Wilhelm's account of his experiences just before and after he
was sent back to make an opening for reinforcements. He had been away from his company
from the 15th of August until the beginning of the Argonne drive on September 26th, on account
of a severe gassing which had closed both his eyes while the Division was on the Vesle River
front. He did not consider the position of the Lost Battalion as seriously then as some others
did, for the reason that many small detachments of different companies were isolated from their
companions during the "gang fighting" through the woods. Whittlesey's force had been twice
cut oft' within a few days; it was large in numbers and many of the men came back, while, in
the cases of small numbers, frequently none returned. Lieutenant Wilhelm explaining the situa-
tion said:
"The Argonne Forest is very similar to the Adirondacks, with the exception that the under-
brush is much thicker than in the Adirondacks. Our daily progress had varied little. Each morn-
ing at about 4 o'clock our barrage would start and at 4.30 the troops would go forward until
they encountered the Germans, when the action would be fought out. Due to the thick shrubbery
and new formation known as "gang formation," which merely meant that each non-commis-
sioned officer took from six to eight men and proceeded in the general direction of the German
lines, keeping in touch as best he could, with the small units on his right and left, and because of
the nature of the ground, the utmost confusion at times prevailed. It was almost impossible to
tell where the various gangs were operating or where the Germans were located.
"The third or fourth day out, my company was with two companies from the 1st Battalion.
We figured that we had gone a mile or so in advance of the main body when we ran into stiff
machine gun and rifle fire and dug in on the slope of a hill. Major Whittlesey commanding the
composite battalion sent me back to the main body to tell of the situation and give them our
location. In our advance before the main body we had dropped oft" runner posts consisting of
two or three men at intervals of a few hundred yards so that messages could be conveyed forward
and back as easily as possible. On my way back I met Lieutenant Colonel Smith of New York
City, who was commanding two companies which had dug in alongside a narrow gauge railway
about half a mile behind the advanced battalion. I reported to him, and, as it was raining and
there was no shelter, I suggested to the Colonel that we go to the first-aid station which had
been established in a little shanty a few hundred yards away, where we might get a bite to eat.
"We had just arrived at the first aid station when Regimental Headquarters called upon the
field telephone and informed Lieutenant Colonel Smith that the runner service had broken down
and it was the Colonel's order that he re-establish it immediately. It was then one or two o'clock
in the morning and pitch dark, so the Colonel and myself worked back to Regimental Head-
quarters, arriving there an hour before daylight.
"As soon as daylight came we started for the advanced Battalion with a guide leading. After
the guide came Lieutenant Colonel Smith, then myself, then the Colonel's Adjutant, a second
lieutenant and two or three runners. We went forward from post to post without difficulty until
we had gone within approximately a quarter of a mile of the advanced Battalion. Suddenly we
ran into a group of Germans with a light machine gun who had been practically concealed in the
thick underbrush. One of the runners and myself flopped down on the right of the little path
we had been following, while the Colonel and the rest of the party threw themselves to the left
of the path and we fired with our revolvers as rapidly as possible at this little German group.
Buffalo's Part in the World War
245
The Home of Bismarck in 1870
House on the road to Grand Pre, said to have been occupied by the "Blood and Iron Chancellor" while on his way to Paris.
The youth in the window is Private Charles Mader, 312th Machine Gun Company
Unfortunately, a revolver had little chance against a machine gun and in 20 or 30 seconds the
regular patt-patt-patt-patt-patt of the gun told us they were scouring the woods. The German
gun fired for a few moments and then was silent. As soon as it ceased, I crawled to the path and
ran back towards our own line as fast as possible. After going back some 200 yards I found the
Colonel's Adjutant lying on the ground with a very nasty wound through his thigh. He told
me that the party had scattered and that he thought the Lieutenant Colonel and two others
were killed, which fact was afterwards verified. After bandaging him as well as possible with
our first aid kits, I started to drag him back, but found it was almost impossible to make progress,
as he was rapidly losing strength. I called for help, and. though this drew a couple of snipers'
bullets, it resulted in one of the runners who had gone out with us coming to my assistance and
we got back without difficulty after that.
"The Division was moving forward against very determined opposition, but in two days the
Germans were cleared out of the territory intervening between the main forces and the advanced
Battalion. I was then given command of E Company, as Major Budd was sent to Staff School
and Captain McMurtry was made acting Major of the 2d Battalion.
"Now all this occurred prior to October 2d when the Battalion was finally cut off.
"In advancing I found that two platoons of my Company which were ahead of me had gone
into action with some German posts and went up towards them to find out what the conditions
were, accompanied by my orderly, a little Italian from New York. While short, he was very
broad and powerful and a fine soldier. The orderly was preceding me by 15 or 20 yards when I
suddenly heard him shout and lunge with his bayonet behind a group of bushes. Much to my
amazement a six-foot German was partially hidden there and in a moment the German and the
orderly were hot at it with their bayonets. The sight was so unexpected that for some half minute
I forgot entirely that I was supposed to participate and watched anxiously to see how the fight
would come out. Suddenly I realized that I was supposed to be doing a little scrapping myself
246 Buffalo's Part in the World War
about that time, so I managed to get within six or eight feet of the German and shot him. I
rather expected to be at least thanked for this action by my orderly, but he turned around with
an expression of disgust on his face and said:
"'Oh! hell, Lieutenant, what did you want to do that for? I'd have got him in a minute my-
self.'
"On the morning of October 2d we had camped on a hillside and I had put two or three auto-
matic rifle outposts over the brow of the hill. Just before the time to start and while our barrage
was still going on, my Sergeant reported that one of these outposts could not be found. As I
had helped place them the night before I thought I knew their exact location and walked over
the brow of the hill to call them in personally. I came upon a group of five figures who were
looking at right angles to me and who, of course, could not hear of my approach because of the
noise of the barrage. Never doubting but what they were my post I advanced to within some
15 or 20 yards of them when suddenly one of the figures saw me approaching and without getting
up, fired at me with a revolver over his shoulder. Luckily the bullets merely struck the little
finger of my left hand and as a matter of fact I did not know for some time that he had wounded
me, being too much plain scared. I fired at them while retreating at which they threw one or
two hand gi-enades in my general direction, and, while these did not injure me, they added suffi-
ciently to my fright, so as to send me back to the company immediately. I rounded up a squad
and went back to clean out this nest, but, as usual found that they had left for parts unknown.
"The advance that day continued according to schedule. Late that afternoon I came through
a ravine and found myself with the forty-five or fifty men left in my company (the others had
been wounded or killed during the previous fighting) and with four or five other companies dug
in on the side of a hill. Major Whittlesey was in command and Captain McMurtry second in
command. This eventually became the site of the famous so-called "Lost Battalion." Properly
speaking the Battalion was not lost at all. Its location was well known but the German resistance
between it and the main body was so powerful that all attempts to relieve it for six or seven
days proved vain. The 307th Infantry tried hard but lost many men.*
"On digging ourselves in we immediately encountered machine gun and rifle fire from the
north, east and west. The second morning after arriving here I was ordered by Major Whittlesey
to take my company and work back along the side of a hill to connect with two companies who
were supposed to work forward from the main body and toward us. I started out soon after
daylight but after getting a half mile away from the Lost Battalion, was startled by a voice on
the hill top above us saying:
"'What Company is that?'
"Three or four men immediately answered: 'It is E Company.'
"Something in the tones of the voice made me suspicious and I sent a scout up the hill to see
if he could get any definite information. At the end of ten minutes he did not return, so I crawled
up the hill a short distance myself and again heard talking, the men speaking in German although
I could not distinguish what they said. Returning to the Company I gave the order to move
ahead but about this time a terrific rifle and machine gun fire commenced, the Germans firing
at us from above and also both flanks — while from across the little valley snipers started working.
" I took ten men and worked for a hundred and fifty yards to see if there was a possible chance
*Ed. — A popular Buffalo boy, a member of the 307th Infantry, Sergeant Frank Holtz, whose home was in Humboldt Parkway near Main Street,
gave his life in an effort to relieve the "Lost Battalion." The story of that heroic endeavor is told in a letter from Captain R. M. Shields of the
307th Infantry to the boy's father:
"Sergeant Holtz took part in a battalion attack on a Boche barbed wire position in difficult woods in the heart of the Argonne forest — in
an attack aimed to relieve the battalion of the 308th which was cut off by the Boche and had been marooned a kilo ahead of us in a valley for
two or three days. Undoubtedly you read all about this in the New York papers about that time, for it was reported faithfully and at length.
Sergeant Holtz was wounded about October 4th. We relieved the battalion of the ;108th Infantry, on, I believe, the 6th, after it had held on five
days without food — relieved it by a turning attack on the Boche left flank. About Holtz, himself, I can say nothing but praise. He was an ex-
cellent soldier and a fearless one. He was promoted Sergeant from private and later made platoon sergeant. Nothing that I can say, of course,
can relieve your grief in losing him. He gave up his life like a soldier."
Washington, June 4, 1919 — Associated Press. — The distinguished service cross has been awarded by General Pershing to the late Sergeant
Frank F. Holtz, son of Mrs. Henry F. Holtz of No. 207 Humboldt Parkway, Buffalo, who died from wounds received in action. The award was
made for "extraordinary heroism in action near Moulin de Charlavaux, France, October 4, 1918." In announcing the award to-day the War
Department said: "His platoon held up and cut off from the remainder of the company, he volunteered to establish liaison and summon reinforce-
ments after several runners had been killed or captured in the attempt. Passing through intense artillery and machine gun fire, he carried word
to his company commander, but was mortally wounded while returning to his platoon."
Buffalo's Part in the World War 247
for the Company advancing between the machine gun firing from the foot of the hill and the
Infantry Company above us on the hill. After five of these men had been shot I determined that
this was not feasible and started back toward the remainder of the Company, only to find that
the Germans had swung down in between myself and the rest of the Company. We were cut oflf
from the Company. The only thing left for us was to head straight up the hill and back into
German territory. When we had advanced five or six yards we found that there were Germans
all around us. They were shouting to one another and evidently had some idea we were in that
vicinity, so we crawled into thick underbrush and lay there all during that day.
"A little path some fifteen yards away from us evidently led to a German gun position of
some sort, for all during the day the Germans were passing and repassing by twos and threes —
so close that we could hear what they said. In my party was a sergeant, a corporal and two
privates, and after dark we decided that it would be much safer to work back in smaller groups
as two or three men would make less noise than would five, so Sergeant Callahan and myself
started out working along this little path which led in the general direction of the American lines.
It took us from 8 P. M. to 12 P. M. that night to go an eighth of a mile, and we had to be exceed-
ingly careful about noise. Every few minutes we would crouch at the side of the path while
Germans would go by talking, unconscious of the fact that we were hidden there. Finally, near
midnight we came upon an open plain a half mile across, which was more or less illuminated by
flares which the Germans were throwing up every few minutes. Directly in front of us were
three stretches of barbed wire each about 30 yards wide and protected by machine guns located
every few hundred yards.
"After a short rest we started working through this bai'bed wire — our progress being neces-
sarily slow as every time a flare went up we would have to stand perfectly rigid until it had died
out. They fired frequently with machine guns — searching the wire for any enemy that might
be there, but as luck would have it we got through safely and crawled across the open plain to
our own posts.
"On arriving in the American line I reported and then went to the rear to have my finger
dressed and got a shot of anti-tetanus. Four or five days later the " Lost Battalion" was relieved.
The survivors certainly presented a hideous spectacle, due to lack of food and medical attention.
I was then assigned to command of F Company and went forward again working in reserve."
248 Buffalo's Part in the World War
CHAPTER LXXI
LOST BATTALION'S DEAD STILL HOLD THE POSITION
THE four or five days intervening, between the time Lieutenant Wilheim got through and
the " Lost Battalion " was finally reached by the onward push of the American forces, were
bitterly contested days for the men on the hillside.
George F. Speich, 798 Elk Street, Buffalo, a corporal in K Company, 307th Infantry, fought
heroically all that day in the bitter drive against the German line. The Germans were holding
at virtually every point as they did on the preceding day. Speich was in the front lines by
the side of Eddie Grant, Captain "D" Company, 307th Infantry, a former popular member of
the New York baseball team, who was killed the following day.
Toward evening, the eighty-six members of "K" Company were sent back to the kitchen for
mess and then late at night, were returned to the line. Speich says Company K, apparently,
hit about the same spot Major Whittlesey had penetrated earlier in the day, for as they fought
on through the night they suddenly, as dawn was breaking, came across Whittlesey's Battalion
on the slope of a hill near a ravine, and pulled in alongside of them. The men were tired out
and laid down for a little nap. They were awakened by shell fire and discovered the Germans were
firing at them from all sides and they were really boxed in.
The first man Speich encountered on the morning of October 2d was William Wright, Company
"D", 306th Machine Gun Battalion, another Buffalo boy. As far as he knew they were the
only two Buffalo men, apart from Lieutenant Karl Wilheim, with the "Lost Battalion," although
there may have been others.
Telling his story. Corporal Speich said: "W^e were on the extreme right flank; the 308th was
on the left. The Germans were attacking us mostly with hand grenades and minenwerfer, but
we were dug in under a road half way up the hill. That road was swept continuously, as was
also the valley below. The side of the hill was thickly wooded and contained, where we dug in,
a very heavy brush. We could frequently see the Germans on the hill above us.
"We had had a good supper the previous night, but did not have any food with us when we
broke through and joined up with Whittlesey's Battalion on the morning of the 2d. We found
that the 308th, also, was without food. They did not have even a bit of hardtack. We had
plenty of rifle ammunition, but were short on hand grenades. Of course, if a fellow was wounded
or killed, we would go out at night and take his belt off and use his ammunition. A number of
our fellows were wounded on the second of October, the first day that we were in the brush,
and it was rather pitiful because we could render them no assistance during the day. At night
we would go out and take their canteens, fill them with water from a nearby creek and give them
a drink. We could not change their bandages, because we had but two bandages apiece and
those were about used up. Our aeroplanes soared over us several times, but they could not see
us in the brush, although we could see them. We put out towels to attract their attention, but
I never heard whether they located us or not. I do not think they did. On two afternoons, the
Germans came after us with liquid fire, but they were too far distant and no one suffered from
tliat attack. Our fellows were gradually going under, however, from shrapnel wounds and exhaus-
tion. After three or four days on the hill they began to feel the need of food. I got a slight wound
in the leg caused by shrapnel, but was not very badly injured. Some of the boys were in pretty
bad shape, a number of them having shrapnel in their backs. Of course, we used our rifles to the
best advantage. If we saw a movement anywhere in range we would take a crack at it, primarily
however, to keep them off us rather than with any hope of inflicting very serious damage.
"The night we went in we had eighty-six men in the company, but when the relief finally
showed up on October 7th there were but forty-two men able to go on. The relief battalion of
the 307th, the first to get there, came up to us on the night of the 7th, but the fellows who came
Buffalo's Part in the World War 249
up had only their iron rations and they gave that to those who were most seriously wounded
and in greatest need of sustenance. The next morning, however, they brought up coffee, jam
and bread, and we had a regular feast. They had a large number of ambulances and took out
the seriously wounded first. The ambulances were busy all day taking the men away. I did not
get out until about 4 o'clock in the afternoon. You can appreciate the suffering of some of the
wounded who had lain there for five and six days with nothing to eat. I went to Base Hospital
No. 15 at Chaumont, but f was all right in a short time and got back again with the regiment
for the final drive."
Private Wright was not seriously hurt, but suffered severely for the want of food and from
exposure and continuous watching. Being a member of the machine gun battalion, he was out
firing until all of their ammunition was gone.
He left Buffalo in February, 1918, and went overseas with the 77th Division.
The 77th Division had been in traps before; in fact, had just previously got out of one and
were far from being unfamiliar with such situations. Whittlesey's men, as Speich's story shows
had settled themselves in a small wooded patch on the side of the hill where Lieutenant Wil-
helm had left them. The German artillery opened fire the morning after their arrival, but the
shells failed to reach. They whizzed over the hill and over the heads of the American soldiers
near its crest. A trench mortar battery was doing more effective work. A detachment sent back
to stop it was raked with a withering machine gun fire which compelled retirement.
Captain McMurtry was convinced that Lieutenant Wilhelm had been killed in his eft'ort to
reach the back area. The Battalion, however, had no intention of going backward.
The German artillery fire had opened on the morning of October 2d, but its failure to reach
them satisfied the leaders of the Battalion that they had nothing to fear up in front; accordingly
they prepared to hold their position until the balance of the Division came through.
Not realizing how widely scattered were the forces behind them, nor what difficulties the small
detachments were encountering in their endeavor to break through the German line, they expected
help to arrive the following day. Several German attempts during the night to close in on the
Americans were met by a machine gun and rifle fire that withered up the attacking party, and
the Boche left many of their men on the hillside.
Each day after that was much like the preceding one, except that the situation gradually grew
worse. The American wounded were without proper attention, and the pangs of hunger added
a new element of danger. By Sunday, October 6th, Whittlesey's force, originally close to 700
men, had been reduced to less than 300. Both machine gun officers. Lieutenants Noon and Peabody
were killed that day; only one machine gun out of nine was still working and ammunition was
almost gone.
Monday, October 7, saw the soul crisis of the "Lost Battalion." From none of the men had
come a suggestion of surrender. The subtle temptation now came from the enemy. In the morn-
ing a patrol of nine, went into the woods to try to recover a food parcel dropped by one of our
aeroplanes. Outnumbered and overpowered by a German outpost, five were killed, four wounded
and taken prisoner.
One of these was sent back to the Battalion with a note from the German commanding officer,
reading:
"Sir: The bearer of this present has been taken prisoner by us. He refused to give the German Intelligence officer
any answer to his question, and is quite an honorable fellow, doing honor to his fatherland in the strictest sense of
the word.
"He has been charged against his will, believing that he is doing wrong to his country, to carry forward this present
letter to the officer in charge of the battalion of the 77th Division with the purpose to recommend the commander
to surrender with his forces, as it would be quite useless to resist any more, in view of the present conditions.
"The suffering of your wounded men can be heard over here in the German lines and we are appealing to your
humane sentiments to stop. A white flag shown by one of your men will tell us that you agree with these conditions.
Please treat the bearer as an honorable man. He is quite a soldier."
Major Whittlesey, Captain McMurtry and Captain Holderman read the note in turn. Major
250
Buffalo's Part in the World War
Montfaucon
Buffalo's Part in the World War 251
Whittlesey ordered the two white panels, spread on the ground for the purpose of attracting the
attention of American aeroplanes, to be removed, so that not even a suspicion of a white flag
of surrender might show on that hillside.
The news of the German note, tempting the "Lost Battalion" to surrender, quickly spread
among the men; but not a man was in favor of it. Prostrate on the ground, in many cases too
weak from hunger to stir, they had life and spirit enough left in them to call to the Boche to
"come over and get us," amplified with other choice epithets, "Tell them to go to hell!" being
the mildest of these.
In the evening unmistakable American rifle and machine gun fire, unmistakably coming their
way, sounded like sweet music in the ears of the "Lost Battalion." But they had to put up
one last and hardest fight before the approaching relief became effective. The Germans tried
a final farewell desperate assault, this time with liquid fire. But, like all their innumerable attacks
before, this one, too, was frustrated by the survivors of the " Lost Battalion, " and as the last Ger-
mans were beaten back and disappeared, men of the 307th Infantry were coming up on the right
while patrols of the 308th were reported advancing from the south. The agony of the "Lost Bat-
talion" was over. On the morning of October 8th, 252 survivors of the original 679 returned
from the "pocket," leaving the dead to hold the position.
Corporal Vincent V. Zielinski, Company I, 306th Infantry, who had figured in the release of
the Lost Battalion in the Argonne performed an act of greater heroism at St. Juvin in the
approach to Grand Pre on October 15th. The official citation says:
"Corporal Vincent V. Zielinski, I Company, 306 Infantry, For extraordinary heroism in action at Saint Juvin, France, on October 15, 1918.
Corporal Zielinski volunteered and carried a message of vital importance in connection with the capture of Saint Juvin through an intense
artillery barrage, displaying courage and persistent devotion to duty. Home address, Mrs. Eva Zielinski, Mother, No. 1 12 Gorski Street,
Buffalo, N. Y."
Buffalo's Part in the World War 253
CHAPTER LXXII
BUFFALO ARTILLERYMEN WRECK FORCxES ON THE MEUSE
ONE Battery of the good old 65th Regiment, now converted into the 106th Field Artillery,
got into action on the St. Mihiel front, but the regiment did not get its real christening
until the Meuse-Argonne Offensive began. Through the latter part of September they were,
however, gradually working their way up to the front lines. On the day the Marines drove the
Boche out of the top of Belleau Wood, Buffalo's old "standby" landed in France. It was June
18th, 1918. Their port of entry was St. Nazaire. They had crossed the Atlantic on the " Matsonia ".
Colonel Hines, who had been in command of the regiment at Spartanburg, did not make the
trip across, Lieutenant-Colonel John D. Howland, being in command on the trip. Shortly after
arriving at the training camp in France, however, Lieutenant-Colonel Howland was succeeded
by Colonel Emery T. Smith as commanding oificer; and shortly thereafter detached entirely
from the regiment. Lieutenant Henri Berteaux, a representative of the French Army, was assigned
as liaison officer. The French Lieutenant became popular with the men and officers of the regi-
ment and his experience and help were a constant factor in the development of the efficiency of
the regiment, during the training period of July and August.
On the 6th and 7th of September, the regiment left its training camp and headed up toward
the St. Mihiel front, where Battery "A," Captain Burkhardt, commanding, got into action for
a short time at Balencourt.
Lieutenant Colonel John T. Delaney of New York City had been designated as second in
command of the regiment, when Lieutenant-Colonel Howland was detached, and Lieutenant
Colonel Verbeck of Manlius, N. Y. was also added to the Staff. Major Louis H. Eller and Major
Bradley Goodyear were the ranking Buffalo officers of the regiment. Major Eller had served
many years with the old guard in its State militia days, while Major Goodyear was comparatively
a new comer in the ranks. In the early period of the war, when Buffalo was not thoroughly aroused
to the importance of the struggle overseas, Mr. Goodyear was one of the men who gave his time
and money and best thought to the preparedness movement and, as evidence of his willingness
to serve, enlisted in the 65th Regiment, N. G. S. N. Y.
The Buffalo Captains in the Regiment included Patrick J. Keeler, a Judge of the City Court;
Chauncey J. Hamlin, lawyer, clubman, and like Goodyear and Keeler, an earnest worker in the
development of the Buffalo regiment in the days when the people did not believe war possible;
Walter D. Parlour, Harry L. Gilchriese, John C. Grabau, Medical; Howard H. Burkhardt,
George Toomey, John J. Curtin, William F. Schohl, Williamsville; Lieutenants, Douglas P.
Walker, Edwin S. Burrows, Marvin W. Marcus, Joseph R. Hess and Carleton B. Briggs, Lancaster.
Captain Harry Gilchriese writing from Verdun, tells the story of the activities of the old Regi-
ment as it passed from the St. Mihiel front and entered into its arduous task in the Meuse-Argonne
offensive :
"Moving forward we arrived at our new position at noon on September 20th. And where do
you think it was? Exactly on the southern slope of the famous Mort Homme (Dead Man's
Hill), a hill on which we are told more lives were lost in one battle than in our entire civil war.
"A cautious reconnaissance on the crest of the hill gave us a beautiful view of the country
held by the Hun from the Argonne to the northwest around to the river Meuse on our east. Directly
below us lay our own infantry lines and across the shell-torn ravine of Raffincourt were the Ger-
man front lines. The Bois de Forges which was soon to be our objective loomed up as an insur-
mountable barrier to the heights beyond. Where once had stood a prosperous little village, the
remains of Bethincourt, marked the center of No Man's Land. There is nothing impressive
about a battlefield. It is the most desolate looking thing imaginable. Not a sign of life, not a
creature stirring. It was a beautiful day, but even the birds had long since evacuated.
254 Buffalo's Part in the World War
"But behind the hill, screened from enemy eyes, one received an awful shock, by contrast.
Soldiers and officers were moving about everywhere, with instruments, plotting boards and chains.
The unmilitary observer would think the army had suddenly turned to surveying or some such
peaceful pursuit. Those countless men were the advance detachments of the hundreds of batteries
that were to be in within the next few days. They were laying out traverses, orienting lines and
locating positions on the map for the computations necessary for the artillery. Good Lord, what
a hot time was in store for Jerry!
"That night it rained. We knew in advance it was going to rain, because our batteries were
coming forward. We had selected as a command post a dugout thirty feet under ground, damp
and unventilated, but, as subsequent events proved, quite worth the discomfort. The next
several days the artillery literally swarmed around the section. Dead Man's Hill became the
most lively of places. Batteries of all calibres, from 75's to 220's appeared as if by magic. When
one woke up in the morning there would be another battery crowding in beside you. There never
had been such a concentration of artillery in one sector before. Even the French were astounded.
We were now with the 3d Army Corps, U. S. and a part of the First Army.
" For the next four days everyone worked feverishly, under camouflage by day and in the open
by night. Ammunition was hauled up the hill by hand; emplacements had to be widened, and
cover had to be constructed for the personnel of the guns. Never a shot was fired. We had no
orders, but everyone knew what was coming, and everyone worked with his utmost speed and
energy, and each night found a new regiment moving in. Then the infantry began to move up
and we sat tight waiting for the order. When a hostile plane flew over during the day, the hill
presented an aspect as dead as its name. As soon as it had been driven off the ravines and sur-
rounding hills were seething with activity. It was amusing as well as interesting to see the way
the game was being played.
"And then, at 10 o'clock on the night of September 25th, the captains were assembled in
the Colonel's quarters. We were told that H hour would be at 5.00 o'clock on the following morn-
ing; that we would begin firing at 3.00 o'clock and fire until H hour; that the back areas would
be smothered by our "Heavies" during the night; that the infantry would go over at H hour.
Of course we had been given our objectives several days before. Intent on our several missions
we started back for our command posts. The night was as quiet as usual, not even the rattle of
a machine gun bi'oke its death-like stillness. We looked at our watches, having just synchronized
them with the Commanding Oflicer. It was two minutes to eleven. We waited. At exactly
eleven o'clock a terrific bombardment from our rear was begun. The distinct booming, followed
by the screeching of the heavy projectiles as they passed us en route, became more and more
intense. The G. P. F.s and Longs had begun the party on schedule time. From then on one
could not hear himself talk, and the medium and light guns had not begun. All night long this
serenade was kept up.
"From 1.00 o'clock we "stood to." At 3.00 o'clock a shell went through the store room just
above us, calibre 150, and blew up a box of "gold fish." At 4.00 A. M. we worked in gas masks
for fifteen minutes. At 5.00 another shell blew our wireless aerials skyward.
" That afternoon I was sent forward to reconnoiter for new observing stations nearer the retreat-
ing Hun lines as they had passed beyond the range of our present observatories. I passed hundreds
of prisoners being retui-ned fi-om the attack. The dead of course had not yet been removed and
some grewsome sights were presented to the unaccustomed eye. Happily the American dead
were far outnumbered by the Boche. In fact we lost very few men in the attack, as the artillery
preparation was perfect. The Hun prisoners were absolutely terrified, pounded into complete sub-
mission, by that tremendous demonstration. Our Infantry crossed the Forges Brook, mopped up the
Bois de Forges, which had so long menaced their positions, took several small towns and brought
up on the west bank of the Meuse, which seemed to be an insurmountable barrier. As I gazed
upon the smoking, ruined country from the new observing station, the thought came to me, as
it has come to thousands of others, that the Hun must be paid in full for the havoc he wrought."
Buffalo's Part in the World War 255
CHAPTER LXXIII
BREAKING THE GREAT HINDENBURG LINE
THE attack on the Hindenburg Line really began on the 25th of September, when word was
passed to Colonel William B. Taylor that his regiment, the 106th Infantry, the old 14th
and 23d of Brooklyn, had been chosen to start the big drive. The night of September 26th
found the regiment moving along shell swept roads and passing through villages which were the
last word in desolation and ruin, and airiving at its appointed position about mid-day. It was
necessary that they begin to work and work fast, because orders which they had received said
that the men must get into position at 4 .00 A. M. It was hazy, the fog beginning to rise about 2 .00
A. M. The zero hour was set for between 4.00 and 5.00 A. M. and word came that the barrage would
last about thirty minutes, after which the infantry would begin to advance. The other regiments
moved up on the 27th and got into position on the night of the 28th. The attack on the 29th was
opened by the artillery at 5.50 A. M. and they pounded away for fifteen minutes with a terrific fire.
Then the tanks began to move out. It was dawn and fairly bright. Suddenly as the tanks began to
mount what was known as Guillemont Farm, there was a flash of flame followed by a gigantic crash
as the mines exploded, one after another, until nine of the tanks were removed from the battle line.
Other tanks were smashed by direct hits from the big German guns. In all sixteen of the forty-five
tanks that moved out that morning were destroyed in the first fifteen minutes. It was a sickening
feeling that came to the Buffalo men when they saw that fearful accident, for they felt that inside of
the tanks they would find nothing but the charred remains of those who had formed their crews.
One of the Buffalo boys in the tank brigade that moved out that morning was Sergeant Frank
J. Williams, .Jr., Company "C", 301st Battalion Tank Corps. Sergeant Williams was the only
Buffalo man attached to that tank battalion. In fact, as far as is known, he was the only Buffalo
man serving in the big tanks. They had what was known as a "Mark 5" battle tank, and were
headed for the Knoll. They had been in action for about ten minutes when their tank was hit
by a 5.9 shell, a direct hit. Six men in the tank were killed, the others badly wounded. Williams
himself was terribly lacerated and it was feared for a long while that he would not recover.
The following citation will serve to give some idea of his service:
"Sergeant Frank J. Williams. Jr., Company ('. :il)lst Battalion Tank Corps, is recommended for the award of the Distinguished Service Cross
in view of his conduct in action as noted below:
"(a) September 29th. 1918, from 5.50 A. M. to 11.00 P. M.
"(6) East of Ronssoy Map 'Etaves' location F-12-c.
'* (c) The attack was directed against the Hindenburg line in front of Le Catelet. It was made by the 27th Division American E. F. supported
by 301st Battalion Tank Corps.
" id) The operation was the assault upon the trench system east of Ronssoy.
" ie) Sergeant Williams was in a tank under the command of Lieutenant H. E. Potter when it was put out of action by a direct hit from enemy
artillery. Every one in the tank was either killed or disabled by wounds. Lieutenant Potter was temporarily blinded and was badly injured, and
Sergeant Williams, although seriously wounded, himself, assisted in dressing his wounds. He then remained with Lieutenant Potter all day
attending to his wounds while under heavy fire from an enemy trench that lay between them and our first line. When it became dark he assisted
the Lieutenant back through the German position to our lines. If it had not been for the attention that Lieutenant Potter received he would
probably have died from loss of blood and he would certainly have been taken prisoner as he was helpless.
"(/) These facts came under the observation and have been verified by a verbal report from Sergeant Charles E. Kaufman of Company C "
301st Battalion Tank Corps, and the attached affidavit of Lieutenant H. E. Potter.
"(g) Nearest relative Frank J. Williams, 261 Parkdale Avenue, Buffalo, N. Y.
"lb) 1 am of the opinion that Sergeant Frank J. Williams, Jr., Company C, 301st Battalion Tank Corps, has distinguished himself by his extra-
ordinary heroism in connection with the above military operation to an extent that justified the award recommended."
Sergeant Williams was still badly crippled at the time he was returned to Buffalo after his
discharge from the service.
The Hindenburg offensive proved to be one of the most notable battles in which the American
forces participated in France, and is particularly interesting to Buff"alonians became of the large
number of Buffalo men engaged.
The series of operations by the British and French between July and November, 1916, com-
monly called the battle of the Somme, so weakened the German front between Arras and Peronne
Buffalo's Part in the World War 257
that the German staff found it necessary to establish a new Hne from six to eight miles to the
rear. It was constructed during the winter of 1916-1917 by the labor of prisoners and of French
and Belgian civilians. This was called the Hindenburg Line. It ran from the region of Queant in
a southeasterly direction, passing three or four miles southeast of Cambrai and directly east of
Saint Quentin, to La Fere and the Oise River. Roughly the entire German defense line for 1917
and 1918 came to be called the Hindenburg Line, but the portion described was the Hindenburg
Line proper. It consisted of an elaborate series of deep trenches, protected by barb-wire entangle-
ments and detached cement forts for machine guns, called by the soldiers "pill-boxes." In addi-
tion, the Germans completely devastated the country from which they retired, destroying all
villages and farms, cutting down trees and poisoning wells in order to make it as difficult as possible
for the pursuing Allied armies to live in the abandoned country. This region had been cleared
up by the British to the extent of rebuilding the roads and bridges and reopening water supplies
by 1918; but in general the Hindenburg Line may be described as the most formidable system
of trenches German ingenuity could contrive, facing an artificial desert, six to eight miles wide.
The portion of the Hindenburg Line with which the 27th Division was concerned ran from the
region of Le Catelet south to Naui'oy, a distance of about four miles. Here the basis of the Hinden-
burg system was the Saint Quentin canal. Emptied of water, the canal made a wide and deep
trench where thousands of men could be massed, secure from anything but direct hits by high-
angle guns. At one place the canal tunneled through a hill and here the German troops were
absolutely protected. Canal boats drawn into the tunnel gave them good housing, and no shells
could reach them.
In front, or west, of the canal the country for a width of one to two miles was seamed with
infantry trenches, covered with machine-gun forts and obstructed by mazes of barbed wire.
These obstacles had to be overcome before the canal itself, with its masses of German reserves
and well-hidden artillery, could be reached, while still farther to the east were the long-range
batteries from which high-explosive shells could be poured, not only on the attacking troops,
but on their reserves and supplies miles in the rear.
Ronssoy was the principal point where the 27th struck the outworks of the Hindenburg Line.
Bony, Gouy and Nauroy are the chief villages on the line itself in the sector through which the
Buffalo regiment and associates were to make their drive.
On September 26th the Meuse-Argonne offensive had started with an artillery crash, the
greatest ever recorded in history. The doughboys said the guns were "hub to hub" and 2,700
of them were firing.
On the same day the 106th Infantry of the 27th Division went forward to straighten out the
line for the attack on Bony and the Hindenburg entrenchments. It was found necessary to take
the outer defenses to prepare the way for the main attack scheduled for September 29th. General
O'Ryan would have preferred to send his entire di\'ision in to clean up those defenses, consist-
ing of the Knoll, Guillemont Farm and Quennemont Farm but General Rawlinson said they
could not afford to have an entire division cut up before the main attack, and the 106th Infantry
was sent in to do the job alone. They started at daybreak September 27th. The battle was
terrific all day.
Early on the morning of the 27th the 108th Infantry under orders from the Division Commander
left their bivouac at Tincourt on a forced march along a railroad track to the front. No trains
ran east of Tincourt. They camped that night on the side of a hill near Longavesnes and
Villers-Faucon just back of the battle area. They had a march of about nine miles, and as they
tramped along the road in the afternoon, the ambulances began to rattle back. Soon they met
members of the 106th Infantry trudging back, some holding their arms with pain, another with
a finger shot away, another gassed; these were the wreckage of the fight for the Knoll, or
rather that part of the wreckage still able to make headway "under their own steam."
" It's hell up there, " they told the Buffalo boys as they passed them on the road, but the "apple
knockers" just took a tighter grip on their rifles and stepped out a little livelier than before.
Buffalo's Part in the World War 259
The 106th Regiment had gone over at 5.30 A. M. behind a ban-age, but met stubborn resist-
ance along the entire line and they had to fight every yard of the way. In spite of this, however,
the Knoll, Guillemont Farm and Quennemont Farm were taken. Enfilading fire from the left
made the position on the Knoll a veritable hell. The enemy counter-attacked and fought desper-
ately in an attempt to recapture the heights.
At 4 o'clock in the afternoon word was received that the Americans had been forced to with-
draw. The New Yorkers quickly reorganized their line, however, and at 5 P. M. had regained
possession of the Knoll in one of the bloodiest engagements of the war. Heavy fighting con-
tinued throughout the entire day in and about Guillemont and Quennemont Farms, where isolated
pockets of enemy machine gun nests fired into our lines from all sides, many of the enemy coming
up in the rear of our troops through undergi'ound passages.
During this preliminary engagement three officers and 250 Gei-mans of other ranks were cap-
tured. A reconnaissance of the battle ground made after the fight showed that a large number of
enemy dead were in the trenches, which was eloquent proof of the sanguinary character of the
fighting. The number of German dead near the Knoll was enormous.
Orders were dispatched to the Commanders of the 107th and 108th to relieve the 106th. Colonel
Jennings' report of the operations of the 108th put in civilian language follows: From bivouac
camp September 27th, on Ronssoy via Aizecourt, a march of about eight and a half miles.
Bivouac was made just west of Templeaux Le Geurard on the afternoon of September 27th.
Under above orders a representative of each company and battalion scout section reported
at the 106th Infantry headquarters. It was impossible to arrange the details of relief at the time
owing to the disorganized conditions existing in the line taken over. Routes were reconnoitered
and all possible information gathered as to the location of units and headquarters which were to
be relieved.
At 2 A. M. September 28th, the march of the 108th Regiment was resumed, with the exception
of the 1st Battalion and one platoon of the machine gun company which later were acting in sup-
port. The march into the front line positions was approximately six miles, and was accomplished
while roads traversed were under enemy shell fire, including high explosives, mustard gas and
machine guns. A few casualties from shell fire resulted in the regiment.
The 2d Battalion, plus one platoon from the machine gun company, one 37mm cannon sec-
tion, and two trench mortar sections, moved into position via Ronssoy-Hargicourt Road, and
Templeaux Switch Line, occupying trench lines. The 3d Battalion plus two sections 37mm
cannon and four trench mortar sections, and one platoon from the machine gun company took
position via the Ronssoy-Guillemont Road to Duncan Post. No representatives of the 106th
Infantry being present to define the position, it was daylight before a complete occupation of
the line could be made and contact gained on the flanks. This battalion suffered considerable
from machine gun fire during the above period and several casualties resulted. Regimental Head-
quarters was established in a double entrance dug-out, and the Regimental First Aid Post estab-
lished about twenty yards from Regimental Headquarters in a dug-out which had a connecting
passage to Headquarters. Immediately after the Regimental Sector was established combat
patrols were sent out to gain contact if possible with detachments of the 106th Infantry which
were holding isolated positions forward of the 108th lines. One officer and seven enlisted men
of the 106th Infantry, all of whom were wounded, were picked up by an 108th patrol. Those
patrols were strengthened dming the day by order of higher command and an attempt was made
to secure the line which had been the objective of the 106th Infantry, in their attack of September
27th. During the whole day of September 28th visibility was fair, it rained during the morning.
The front line trenches were subject to considerable machine gun fire and the roads used by
transports subject to shell fire all day, both high velocity and high explosive shells being used.
Wire communications between Regimental and both Battalion Headquarters were frequently
interrupted by hostile shell fire and it was necessary to use extra runners during the repairs of
these communication lines. (Paul Bowen, a seventeen year old Buffalo boy, son of the managing
260 Buffalo's Part in the World War
Editor of the Buffalo Times, was one of the runners that day between Division and Regimental
headquarters.
A conference of battaHon commanders was held about 6 P. M., September 28th, at which final
arrangements were made for pegging and taping the departure line for the morning attack, zero
hour was announced, supplies and ammunition checked, and a discussion held in regard to the
timing, interval, distance, etc. of the barrage. Runners were sent out to inform the commanding
officer of the 1st Battalion to take position. In the preparation for the morning attack all non-
commissioned officers of each unit were informed of the attack to be made and were given detailed
instructions as to the position of the departure line, etc.
Owing to a persistent impression that remnants of the 106th Infantry were in No Man's Land
along the lOSth's front, it was considered necessary to fix the barrage to start at a point about
1,000 yards in advance of the line of departure. It is agreed by all observers that this great dis-
tance between troops and barrage was in a large measure responsible for the severe punishment
received by the first waves of the 108th; this because there were many enemy machine gun
nests and outposts in the dead space between the lOSth's troops and the barrage. Also, because
the enemy opposition had too much time to reorganize after the passing of the barrage.
The 2d Battalion, 108th Infantry, encountered early resistance in the form of machine gun
nests, which were broken up by outflanking and the use of hand grenades and rifle fire. The
advance was then continued with little resistance until the remaining troops arrived at the first
wire entanglements of the Hindenburg Line.
At that point they met the full resistance of a fortified position such as the world had never
known. However, by desperate fighting and on account of the fact that their tremendous barrage
had opened devious ways through acres of barbed wire, portions of the 2d Battalion were able to
establish themselves in the Main Hindenburg System. The position was held against severe counter
attacks and enfilading artillery and machine gun fire from the direction of Bony, until reinforced by
troops of the 2d Australian Division at 10.30 A. M., after which our troops, aided by the Australians,
succeeded in cleaning up many enemy machine gun nests in that vicinity. Late in the afternoon
the Battalion moved to the rear to reconsolidate on the original line and act as reserve.
The 3d Battalion met strong resistance in the Guillemont Trench and Guillemont Farm after
jumping off, and under diflRculty went over the top in good order, being organized and main-
taining intervals between waves of 20 or 40 yards. The first wave was so cut up between this
position and Claymore Valley by hostile machine gun fire and the enemy counter barrage that
only a small portion were able to penetrate into Dirk Valley where they took cover in a sunken
road directly in front of Bony. At that point they were also subject to such terrific fire from
both machine gun and artillery that further advance was impossible. The situation was relieved
by reinforcements from the 3d Australian Division at 5.30 P. M. Our troops aided the Australian
troops in cleaning up a few enemy machine gun nests and assembled at 6.30 P. M. to begin their
rearward march to reconsolidate on the original line and act as reserve.
The 1st Support Battalion forming on the departure line immediately took their position as
"Moppers Up" for the entire Regimental Sector and followed the advancing waves and support
companies of the 2d and 3d Battalions by approximately 100 yards, raiding several machine gun
nests with the aid of hand gi'enades, and gathering many individual prisoners of war who, under
the confusion, became detached from the enemy ranks, as well as other escorted prisoners of war
from the other two battalions. These prisoners were sent to the rear under guard and in many
cases were used as stretcher bearers for the wounded. It was very difficult to keep platoons organ-
ized due to the poor visability and the enemy counter barrage as well as machine gun fire from
low fiying enemy aeroplanes. Here ends Col. .Jennings' report but he does not tell it all.
Early on the morning of the 29th Corporal John J. Mattews of Company I posted his squad
on a point near the sunken road leading to Bony and was walking back when a sniper from con-
cealment shot him. Mattews, on the previous day, had mourned the death of Corporal W. A.
White of the same company. The two men were close friends. On the 28th of September, White
Buffalo's Part in the World War 261
was engaged in straightening out the tape so that the 108th elements would go over unitedly.
That night White did not return, and Mattews and some others had searched for him; not find-
ing him they came to the conclusion he must have been hit.
Going over the top the next morning, White's cousin. Corporal Henry Wehrum, found White's
body hanging on the wire. While he had been at work the previous day, a high explosive shell
burst over him filling him with shrapnel and throwing his body a mass of crushed flesh onto the
wire entanglements some distance away.
Shortly after he heard the news of the finding of White's body, Mattews, too, made the supreme
sacrifice. The sniper's bullet was fatal.
Another Buffalo boy of the 108th, Private Harry Goldie of B Company, was killed early on
the day of the Hindenburg Line smash. Goldie had advanced less than 100 yards with his com-
pany on the morning of the 29th, when a machine gun bullet went straight through his heart
killing him instantly.
An exceptionally sad occurrence on the 29th of September came in the death of Private Frank
A. Malican. Men were falling fast on that eventful morning as the 108th went forward toward
its first objectives. The machine guns of the Boche collected a heavy toll of gallant young Amer-
icans. Malican, a member of Company A, was hit by a machine gun bullet. When hit his comrades
say he made an effort to reach a shell hole but fell. No aid could be given then; it would have
been useless, anyway, as Malican was mortally hit. A short time after the infantry had passed
along, a detachment of the 102d Engineers came forward on a burial mission. They gathered
up the bodies — those not blown in fragments — and laid them in rows preparatory to identifica-
tion and proper burial under direction of the chaplains. Suddenly a member of the burial party
stopped short and bent over a body.
"God help us!" he said, half cry; half prayer.
It was Engineer Malican who had stopped and turned pale. In gathering up the dead he
had found his brother's body. In a few minutes he recovered his composure; aided tenderly
in burying his brother, and then went forward again in the discharge of his duty to his coun-
try.
Captain J. W. Smith of Company I was killed early on the 29th. His company had advanced
across No Man's Land. The Captain, having received final instructions, was hurrying forward
to join them when he was hit by a shell from a trench mortar. The burying party under Lieu-
tenant Elmer Brecht came across his body about noon, and recognized it from a ring and from
his tag; his head was missing, blown off.
The same morning about 10 o'clock Lieutenant Harold Mackay saw Lieutenant Kerr stagger
and fall. To render what assistance he could to the wounded officer, and see that he was started
back to the first aid station if not mortally wounded, Mackay started across a small strip of
open territory to the spot where Kerr fell. Just as he reached the fallen officer, a rifle bullet
pierced his heart and he fell across his comrade — dead.
Boys became men rapidly that terrible morning as the Stars and Stripes went forward. Edward
P. Pierce, a brave Buffalo lad, who had carried two or three wounded men into shell holes and
laid them out of danger, was finally mortally wounded in the advance. His brave conduct was
not unobserved, however, and the following citation was issued:
"Private (First Class) Edward P. Pierce (deceased), Company D, 108th Infantry. For extraordinary heroism in action near Ronssoy. France,
September 29, 1918. Private Pierce left shelter, went into an open field under heavy machine gun and shell fire, and dragged a wounded soldier
to safety. This courageous soldier was killed while advancing with his company later in the action. Next of kin, George Pierce, father. Buffalo,
N. Y."
Private Kenneth P. Carter, a regimental runner, worked hard through the 29th, and while
traveling through the shell-torn field with machine gun bullets from indirect fire falling around
him he had many narrow escapes.
Again on the 30th he made two trips to the front lines, and, about 7 o'clock in the evening,
was making a third. As he was going through the wire he set off a mine which had been planted
by the retiring Germans. He was blown high in the air and, of course, instantly killed.
262 Buffalo's Part in the World War
That night Sergeants John J. Boechat and Sergeant Harvey H. Geier were sent out to locate
a dugout for regimental headquarters. They finally arrived at a pill box near Quennemont Farm,
and when inside examining maps as to a good location for headquarters, the Hun gunners made
a direct hit with a howitzer shell, killing them both.
In his last letter home to his mother, Sergeant Boechat said : "We are on the eve of a big drive
and that we will be successful, I am sure. I hope to come through it all right, but if I don't, you will
know that I was there at the finish and you will have cause for pride and joy and not sorrow."
On the morning of September 29th, Raymond McKnight of I Company received a machine
gun bullet in the shin, but did not get off the field until evening. He had crawled to the protec-
tion of a shell hole, but while laying there gas shells were falling around him and the gas filled up his
lungs. As boys were passing him to the front they reported that he was full of smiles and shouted:
" Go get 'em. " Shortly after he reached the hospital, pneumonia set in and caused his death.
Private Benjamin Cohen, another Company I boy, who was hit by a sniper bullet, died in the
hospital from his wounds. He was in a shell hole getting a bite to eat, when a sniper off on the
side of a road got a good aim and the Buffalo boy went down. He died on October 23d.
Corporal A. Nagowski, on that same day rushed out under machine gun fire and brought a
wounded officer into a shell hole. He was hit with a machine gun bullet, but he saved the officer's
life. His wound, while severe, was not fatal.
First Lieutenant Delancey King was cited for extraordinary heroism that day in action near
Ronssoy, September 29th. Lieutenant King was wounded early in the engagement, but he con-
tinued to lead his men until he received a second wound. His gallantry under shell and machine
gun fire, and his disregard for his own safety, furnished a splendid example to all ranks.
Many Buffalo men other than those the details of whose deaths were related by comrades made
the supreme sacrifice — the noblest sacrifice — when they faced the leaden rain across No Man's
Land that day; others died of wounds, and more than a hundred Buffalo men were severely
though not fatally wounded in that victorous drive. LIntil the blow arrived, however, they con-
tributed immeasurably and valiantly to the crushing of the Hindenburg denfenses, and, when
they fell, they fell facing forward.
Many Buffalo boys won high honors in the Hindenburg battle. One was Private Harold L.
Shipman of Company B, 108th Infantry. His comrades say that if Shipman had a few more
days he would have licked the German Army alone. His citation tells the whole story:
"Private Harold L. Shipman, Company B. 108th Infantry. For extraordinary heroism in action east of Ronssoy, France, September 29,
1918. During the operations against the Hindenburg line. Private Shipman, a Lewis gunner, exhibited great courage and dash when a party
of about 40 German prisoners seeing their guards Idlled by German snipers while going to the rear, seized rifles and opened fire on the Americans.
Private Shipman rushed forward with his Lewis gun and put the entire group out of action. During the engagement he also silenced three enemy
machine gun positions. Home address, Louise Shipman, mother. No. 60 Laforce Place, Buffalo, N. Y.'
Sergeant John N. Bilitski, Company A, is one of the men of the old 74th who fought
with the 108th in the attack on the Hindenburg Line, and won the admiration of the men of
the regiment as well as the commendation of the regimental and division officers. He returned
bearing a distinguished service cross.
In a letter to his mother Bilitski said: "Mother, I was chasing them dirty Boche all over No
Man's Land when I got a little hurt. It is not much."
He was cited for "extraordinary heroism in action," and every man in his company said he
deserved all that could be said for him. His citation reads:
"Sergeant John N. F. Bilitski, Company A, 108th Infantry. For extraordinary heroism in action east of Ronssoy, France, September 29,
1918. During the operations against the Hindenburg Line, Sergeant Billitski, although twice wounded, refused to leave the field, but remained
with his platoon, exhibiting magnificent courage and bravery until he was wounded a third time. Home address, Mrs. Florence Bilitski. wife.
No. 21 Olga Place, Buffalo, N. Y."
Sergeant Edward Duncan, A Company, picked up many of the Buffalo boys who were falling
on the 29th as they approached the Hindenburg defenses. Like Lieutenant Mackay he risked
his own life repeatedly to aid some companion who had fallen. Mackay met death while so engaged,
but Duncan was in luck and escaped. He never tired, however, and kept his men going forward,
while he aided the wounded when they fell. On two occasions that day he found his lines so
Buffalo's Part in the World War 263
depleted from injuries that he was forced to reorganize the squads, which he did in an effective
way, and proved one of the valued leaders in taking the regiment up to and beyond their objec-
tives. For his work that day he was cited for bravery. His citation reads:
"First Sergeant Edward A. Duncan, Company A, 108th Infantry. For extraordinary heroism in action east of Ronnsoy, France, on Sep-
tember 29, 1918. During the operations against the Hindenburg Line, Sergeant Duncan displayed great gallantry and courage by going forward
under heavy shell and machine gun fire and bandaging the wounded and bringing them back to our lines. Throughout the engagement he exhib-
ited a fearless disregard of the enemy's fire and performed valuable service by organizing new squads when his company was suffering heavy casu-
alties as a result of shell and machine gun fire. Home address: Mrs. Ellen Duncan, No. 681 McKinley Parkway, Buffalo. N. Y."
During the morning of September 29th from the hour that the Australian artillery put up the
barrage until the early part of the afternoon virtually all means of wire communications were
interrupted by hostile shell fire. Visual signaling was not practical with the forward positions
because of the dense fog that hung close to the ground. It was therefore necessary to rely on the
runners for message service.
The tanks assigned to the 108th in that attack were put out of action shortly after zero hour
(5.30 A. M.) as it afterwards proved they were good targets on the skyline for the enemy artillery;
almost no assistance in wiping out machine gun nests was rendered by the tanks.
Two companies of the 108th, one under Second Lieutenant Samuel A. Brown, Jr., of James-
town were the first to reach the Hindenburg trenches. The 30th Division on the right had gained
its objectives, but on the left the English 17th Division was stopped, leaving the left flank of
the 107th Infantry (27th Division) exposed and causing the line to stretch diagonally across the
front. The 107th was subjected to a furious bombardment from artillery and machine guns in
Vanhuille, which village had not been taken. On the following day an Irish Division was put
in and this town taken, two battalions of the 105th were put in to assist the 107th and the Divi-
sion gained its objectives.
Though the 108th Regiment had fought a terrific battle over a bitterly contested field from
early morning, they were not ready to rest when the Hindenburg Line was pierced.
At 5.30 P. M. a runner came forward with an order reading : "Objective reached. Rest."
They sent back word: "Rest, Hell! Give us a barrage."
And they got a barrage behind which the Hindenburg Line received its final smash. The
Americans and Australians had gone through.
Although, as Col. Jennings in his report says, "The 108th was ordered at 6.30 P. M. to go
back in reserve, many membei-s of the 108th, in the confusion and enthusiasm of the occasion,
fought on with the Australians for two or three days."
264 Buffalo's Part in the World War
HEADQUARTERS 27th DIVISION U. S. A.
American E. F., France, October 22, 1918.
From: COMMANDING GENERAL.
To: Commanding Officer, 108th Infantry, U.S.A.
Subject: Commendation.
1. Now that we have inspected the captured defenses of the Hindenburg Line, the magni-
tude of the task assigned this division in the attack of September 27th-October 1st becomes
even more apparent than it then appeared. In the main attack on September 29th the 108th
Infantry held the right half of the divisional front of 4,000 yards. The attack was made against
what was. probably, the most highly organized system of field defenses ever constructed.
That the 108th Infantry, after practically all of the tanks had been put out of action, should
have broken through the maze of wire that e,xisted, and in the face of machine guns firing from
every trench and nest, lodged one battalion in the main position, now seems an extraordinary
feat. That this battalion, having gained the main position, should have captured prisoners
equaling in number its own strength at the time, and for two days and nights have withstood
bombing attacks and repeated counter attacks supported by artillery, at the same time keeping
its prisoners in subjection, is more extraordinary.
2. The valor of officers and men of the 108th Infantry on that occasion and the determina-
tion and accomplishment of the battalion referred to, will furnish regimental history for all
time. As one captured German officer said, "If you can break through the tunnel sector of the
Hindenburg Line it will be impossible to construct any defenses to stop you."
3. Since that battle the division has been fighting and marching almost continuously. On
the 17th instant the 108th Infantry was one of the two regiments of the division upon which
the task was imposed of forcing the crossing of the Le Selle River. In anticipation of this
attack the regiment was directed to raid the enemy for the purpose of determining his strength
and securing identifications of the enemy units opposing them. This raid was brilliantly exe-
cuted by Lieutenant Christ R. Fritz and a small detachment of your regiment, which resulted in
the capture of over twenty prisoners. On the 17th instant your regiment with the 105th Infantry
overcame all of the difficult features of the ground and in the face of heavy machine gun and
minenwerfer fire supported by artillery, forced the crossing of the Le Selle River and success-
fully assaulted the heights on the other side.
4. Following this operation the regiment fought almost continuously during the advance
of the division and played a prominent part in the capture of Bandival Farm, the town of
Arbre Guernon, the farms of Jonc de Mer and La Rue, and the forcing of the enemy beyond
the line of the Canal De La Sambre.
5. The valor of the officers and the men has at all times been exceptional. In spite of the great-
est hardships and the continued strain, they have maintained the highest standards of discipline
and cheerful determination. The record made by the 108th Infantry during the recent opera-
tions would indeed be hard to equal.
John F. O'Ryan,
Major-General.
Buffalo's Part tn the World War
265
CHAPTER LXXIV
DEATH OF DON MARTIN — A SOLDIER OF THE PEN
DON Martin, the Buffalo newspaper man, did not send many letters home during the months
of August and September. He subsequently explained in a letter to his daughter that he
had been working so hard following the American advance that it was difficult for him
to obtain time to wi-ite personal letters.
The last letter his little girl received from him was dated the 29th of September, shortly after
the Meuse-Argonne offensive began and when the handwriting on the wall foretold the coming
of the end. Martin was then leaving for Montfaucon, which was captured September 27th, the
day after the American "hop off" on the Meuse-Argonne front. His letter follows:
"Bar le Due, France, September 29, 1918.
My Dear Dorothy — I have been chasing around from place to place during the last three weeks and have done
nothing much but write, travel and sleep — and of all the writing not a single letter was to you. Well, no one else
got any letters from me during that time either. I haven 't received any mail from anyone for quite a while, but it
is due to the fact that my address has constantly changed and mail has difficulty in finding me. I went from Meaux
to Nancy where we had fine headquarters and where the correspondents all had good rooms. I knew it was too nice
to last. First thing we knew we were notified to be ready to leave at once for 'somewhere west.' We packed up
enough belongings to carry us through four or five days and at night we put off here — one of the quaintest old towns
in France. Rooms had been engaged and such rooms as they were! The town is packed full of officers and soldiers
and most of the houses are closed because of the frequent air raids of a few months ago. I slept one night in a quaint
dingy hotel called the Rose d'Or, but it was too dismal for me. The next day I managed to get a room in the leading
hotel of the town — the Metz — which is not such a bad place. I have electric light in my room, but no heat. You have
read about the American offensive west of Verdun. That is what we came over here for. I have been all along the line;
have seen our boys in action and have seen thousands of German prisoners. Yesterday, I went through part of the
Argonne Forest, which is one of the best known forests in France. Germans and Americans are fighting there now.
"I have been out every day since I arrived here — a week ago — and expect in a little while to start out in an auto-
mobile for Montfaucon. a town captured from the Germans day before yesterday. You can look it up on your map.
It was a place about as large as Fredonia.
"The Americans are still fighting all along the line, but it is a queer kind of fighting. The two armies can't see
each other. The Germans hide themselves in woods and villages and use machine guns. The Americans sneak up
on them the best they can.
"The war is coming along pretty well. Tell Uncle Rock that. The Germans are on their way home. There is no
doubt of it. They will go slow, but they will never make another advance. America has done it by giving the Allies
the preponderance of men. Just now, interest centers in Bulgaria. If Bulgaria really gets out of the way it means
that Turkey will have to get out also and that Germany's end will be brought much nearer. I have seen thousands
of German prisoners lately and know that their morale has lowered. In fact, I think there is just a possibility that the
war may end this winter."
Four days after Don Martin despatched that letter to his daughter he was on his way to Paris
a very ill man. He arrived there on Friday, October 4th, and went to the Hotel Crillon where
his physician advised him that he needed a rest. Don said he felt seedy and tired. During Satur-
day his fever rose to a high point and on Sunday he was taken to the American hospital at Nevilly
where he died at twenty minutes past nine on Monday, October 7th, 1918.
A SOLDIER OF THE PEN
He took the simple words we use
And shaped them with his art
In wondrous imag'ry to show
Poor France's bleeding heart.
He made us hear beyond the sea
The roar of flaming guns.
And feel the nameless agonies.
Inflicted by the Huns.
Enfold him with the starry flag;
He died in imiform,
A stormy petrel of the press
Who loved the battle storm.
Salute him with your lifted swords.
Ye Allied fighting men,
Don Martin was a soldier, too —
A soldier of the pen.
— Minna Irving.
266
Buffalo's Part in the World War
%
■^"%* *■
Don Martin at Quentin Roosevelt's Grave
Inscription on left corner was placed by German airmen when they buried Lieut. Roosevelt
Large cross erected by American Red Cross
Buffalo's Part in the World War 267
Don Martin was 47 years old. Native of Silver Creek, he was in reality a Buffalo man and
the distinction he achieved will be listed for all time as the distinction of a Buffalo newspaper
man. Somehow or other, when leaving for France he appeared to have a presentiment that
possibly he would not come back. It may have been a natural thought which came to every
man who embarked for overseas duty. "May be," he said to a Buffalo friend in a sanctum of
the paste pot and shears, "May be I won't get through with it, but I hope all the old fellows
will think of me as always trying to turn out straight copy. " He took the soldier's risk of bullets
and disease to send his paper straight copy.
Floyd Gibbons, of the Chicago Tribune, who was with Martin at the front has given us an
interesting picture of Martin as a war correspondent which will serve to keep the record straight.
Gibbons wrote:
"It is one of the unexplainable tricks of fate that a man of the fearless spirit of Don Martin should die in France
in this year of the great war as a victim of disease.
"Don Martin, when marked for death this year, deserved a soldier's grave on the field of battle. In his death
American newspapers lose a capable, conscientious informant, and American journalism suffers the loss of one of
its finest exponents. I have ridden the front of France with Don Martin. I have been with him under shell fire and
have observed his coolness in advanced positions when withering barrages of indirect machine gun fire speckled the
ground close by.
"One day last May I was in a dugout in a front line playing checkers with Don Martin, when suddenly a terrific
concentration of enemy shells landed near by. The ground shook. Loose earth tumbled down from the roof of the
shelter, the air trembled and the candle — our only illumination — was extinguished by the blast. By the time I had
recovered my breath Don, sitting on a box on the other side of the table, had relighted the candle and I heard him
say in his cool, even voice: 'It's your move.'
"In the first days of June, Don Martin was the last American correspondent to leave Chateau-Thierry as the
Germans entered the north side of the town. On July 21st, when the Germans were forced to evacuate Chateau
Thierry and subjected it to a terrific long range bombardment, Don Martin rode back into the town with the first
American troops. In the fighting along the Marne, the Ourcq and the Vesle, Don Martin daily and nightly followed
the American advance, close on the heels of the retreating enemy. He visited the front lines every day and more
dangerous than that, he had to run the double risk of transportation on the roads up to the front lines and back.
Twice his automobile was damaged beyond repair by shell fire, but these incidents never seemed to prevent him from
getting another car and going over the same ground the next day.
"During the cold and rainy season and the heat of the summer this intrepid journalist braved all kinds of weather
to serve his readers. He competed physically with men who possessed much younger bodies, but none that had a
younger mind. I have seen him returning at night to the correspondents' headquarters, sometimes with his face
pinched with the cold, sometimes soaked to the skin with rain, sometimes covered with the mud of the trenches,
sometimes with his face blistered from the sun and the wind and covered with the gray dust of the road — I have
seen him return dog weary and tired and forswear his dinner hour in order that he might transmute into despatches,
the human news stories that he had gained at first hand along the fronts that day.
"Don Martin, above all, was human. His pockets were always full of cigarettes when he went into the front line,
and always empty when he came out. He liked to talk to our American soldiers like a daddy or a big uncle. In addi-
tion to his own work he wrote many times to their fathers and mothers telling them that their sons were alive and
in good health. In action he used to take care of our wounded, giving them water or making them more comfortable
on the stretchers. When ambulances were scarce he used to transport them in his automobile.
"Don Martin did more than write about the war, he was living the war and fighting the war every day and minute.
He was a real fellow. Of the eighteen original accredited correspondents at the American front, Don Martin, Green
and I are the only three who are not on the job to-day. As certainly as I expect to return, so surely do I feel that
Don Martin from the spirit land will observe and report from above the triumphant entry of our troops into Berlin.
"The men who wear the green brassard in France feel deeply the loss of a true comrade."
Martin's death was mourned throughout the land. The President, Cabinet members. Senators,
Judges, the leading representatives of business and the professions down to the humblest in all
the walks of life who had come in contact with him paid tribute to his successful career and Buffalo
newspapermen may be relied upon to keep green his memory.
268
Buffalo's Part in the World War
CHAPTER LXXV
SINKING OF THE "MARY ALICE"
5
7
'/^
"1
7
I
i.!IBi/
In the Rigging of the "Mary Alice," S. P. 397
turned to the Brooklyn Navy Yard to have the
ship put into commission with ceremony. She
was then known as S. P. 397 (submarine pa-
trol). We took charge of a fleet of Submarine
Patrol Chasers and Patrols at White Stone
Landing, New York. This was to guard the
Hudson from submarines. We continued that
work until about the middle of July. Then we
were ordered to Bridgeport, Conn., doing con-
voy out of New London, Bridgeport and along
the Atlantic Coast. We would escort convoys
to probably 100 or 200 miles out to sea and
turn back, leaving the convoys with destroyers
and battleships.
EARLY in October, 1918, occurred the de-
struction of what, in the earlier days, had
been one of the best known inland water
yachts,— the "Mary Alice" of Buffalo. The yacht
was previously owned by William J. Conners,
owner of the Courier and Enquirer. When the
Government demand for ships became urgent
shortly after the outbreak of the war, the Buf-
falo yacht was turned over to the Government
and became the "U. S. S. Mary Alice — Sub-
marine Patrol No. 397."
Robert G. Fitzpatrick, first class fireman, of
357 North Oak Street, was assigned on Decem-
ber 13th to the "Mary Alice" and was aboard
the boat when she went down. Speaking of his
experiences he said :
"We spent considerable time at the yard in
fitting her out for the high seas and then made
a trial trip. On completing our trial trip we re-
The " Mary Alice" Heading Out to Sea
Buffalo's Part in the World War 269
"On October 5th, 1918, we received orders to take the Submarine 0-13, one of the latest
of our Government, just completed, out for the final test dive. All the submarines must make
these test dives to a depth of 200 feet before the Government will accept them. The sailors
who make these test dives are allowed $100.00 for each dive to that depth.
"The 0-13 had orders to make her final dive and we accompanied her out the Sound and we
stopped; the Navy officials boarded the submarine and then returned to our ship and we stood
by watching her when she submerged. She made her dive in good shape and in coming up struck
us mid-ship, cutting the condenser in two and the ship commenced to settle immediately. The
accident happened about 2.02 P. M., and she disappeared at 2.10. It was only possible to launch
one of the life boats and the life-belts in the fore part of the ship were beyond reach, so the crew
took our life belts in the aft.
" I could not get up on deck right away because I had to shut off the fires and look after the
boiler to prevent her from blowing up. By the time I got up on deck there were no more life
belts and the life boat was launched. I looked about for probably a minute and the aft of the
boat was high in the air and I decided to jump so as to try to get away from her and clear the
suction when she finally went down. I did this and remained in the water for 1 hour 40 minutes
in all, with a sea running of about 20 feet. The submarine crew were busy baihng their own boat
as her nose was crushed considerably. There were many things floating on the water as is usual
when a boat sinks, such as Japanese cots, which are supposed to float many hours. I found how-
ever that mine sank immediately after I tried to get some support from it. I then tried to get
on a huge vegetable box and this also sank. Finally I got on a large plank which helped to keep
me up.
" Rear Admiral Gill, an elderly man, was also in the water with several other men. The sub-
marine stood by however and succeeded in picking us up, even though the sea was continually
covering her and I got hold of one of her lines, and, though continually washed up against her
side, we helped to drag the Admiral out of the water. After we were all aboard it took consider-
able work to bring the Admiral around.
"The sub crew took us back to Bridgeport, Conn. On our arrival there we were wrapped in
blankets, put in taxicabs and rushed to hospital. The Admiral died four days later of pneumonia
and I also had the flu and pneumonia in addition to injuries I received by leaping into the water.
I was then taken to Base Hospital 2, Black Rock, Conn. From there I went to the Rupture
and Cripple Hospital in New York City. Then back to Brooklyn Navy Hospital and into the
Federal Rendezvous where I received my discharge December 31st, 1918, at 8.00 P. M."
270
Buffalo's Part in the World War
CHAPTER LXXVI
77th division BEFORE GRAND PRE
DESPERATE fighting filled the time of the other units of the 77th Division while the Whittlesey
crew was holding its place on the hill far in advance. The Lost Battalion alone had gone
through on October 2d. On the 3d the Germans held their line. That Buffalo Draft Division
attacked on the left and then on the right. They attacked in the morning and in the afternoon.
In an attack by the 2d Battalion of the 305th at 4 o'clock on the afternoon of the 3d more than
200 men were lost. The Americans gained some distance each time, but it could be measured
by yards. Similarly slight gains were recorded on the 5th and 6th, but on the 7th the German
line cracked. The 77th had filled the open spaces of the Argonne with their own and German
dead, but proved their calibre as a combat division. They had cleared the northern end of the
forest by the 9th of October in the second phase of the drive.
No little credit for the work through the Argonne must go to the 302d Engineers. A substantial
detachment of engineers broke through with the infantry on September 26th, cutting wires, and
remained constantly with them in that line of work throughout the entire engagement. The
remainder of the regiment repaired roads and repaired and operated for a time a German light
railway system, which they found in the forest. This road was used for transporting food and
ammunition forward and carrying the wounded back. It was one of the captures made by the
77th which proved exceptionally useful. The roads through the forest were very poor, and much
difficulty was experienced in getting artillery through. The heavy rains made the roads next to
impassable and greatly hindered the Division's progress.
On the approach to Grand Pre October 14th, the Buffalo boys in the 77th experienced another
bad day and left many comrades on the field. The Engineers did as remarkable apiece of work
in that effort as was recorded by any engineering force at any time in the struggle. The Boche
made his last stand in the second phase of the Argonne offensive at Grand Pre.
Having located the German defenses, the 302d Engineers were sent out on the 15th of October
to construct two bridges across the Aire River in the direction of Grand Pre, working under a
heavy fire of high explosive and gas shells. They completed the job, lost a large number of men
in the enterprise, made possible the advance of the 77th on the road to Grand Pre, and crowned
the first phase of their trip through the Ar-
gonne with a wonderfully courageous and com-
mendable achievement. For their work on that
occasion the Engineers received a shower of
distinguished service citations.
Up to that point several Buffalo boys had
been killed. Private Robert S. Beyer, 349 Elm-
wood Avenue, a member of the "Suicide Club,"
305th Machine Gun Battalion, was killed while
carrying a wounded companion to the dress-
ing station. Private Morgan of the 302d En-
gineers was killed by a shell which wounded
two other Buffalo boys. Sending back word
from the hospital Morgan said: "Tell Maroney
that I stood it like a Yankee should." The
Maroney referred to was his " bunkie, " Private
Edward Maroney, 302d Engineers.
Lieutenant Wertz, Buffalo's first civilian sol-
rouyh Buzancy dier Overseas fighting with the First Division,
302d F.UKiK
Buffalo's Part in the World War 271
which relieved the 35th on the second day of the battle, was severely injured on October 9th
while passing the St. Juvin Road near Sommerance. A machine gun bullet tore through his
left lung, came out on his side and imbedded itself in his left arm. It was his second wound. It
paralyzed his arm, and ended the war for him, but with a record which will stand as a monu-
ment to him, to the old 74th, and to Buffalo for all time.
During the second phase of the Argonne offensive, the Third Division which had made a wonder-
ful record in the battle of the Marne, relieved the 79th Division. Leo Dombrowski, 7th Infantry,
who had been in Belleau Wood with the Marines, and whose regiment had backed up the 30th
Infantry on that eventful July day when they piled the Boche in the Marne River, was badly
wounded by machine gun bullets.
Arthur Spiess, Meech Avenue, another Buffalo boy in the 7th, fighting with the " Suicide Club, "
the machine gun company, went down on the 21st of October in a gallant attack. Many months
after the signing of the Armistice he was still undergoing treatment, but eventually recovered.
He won high commendation from his company and regimental commanders. Writing from the
hospital to his mother, sometime after he was wounded, Spiess said:
"The old bunch of boys who were at Camp Green with me are pretty well shot up. Of the
officers of our outfit — they're all gone. Jones was killed in the Argonne, Captain Reaney was
killed on July 15th at the Marne, Lieutenant Chickering was killed in the Argonne; I liked
"Chick," Oh so well! He was awfully good to me. Fritzell was wounded at the Marne, and
McClune, who was made a captain after the rest were gone, was gassed in the Argonne. Lieu-
tenant Long was hit in the head on the same day I was hit, and about a minute before. We had
to fight like hell that day, for we drove a V into the German line and they came back, nearly
surrounding us. They were shooting at us from the front, both sides, and almost to the rear.
They sure did mow down our ranks. Long hollered to us as the Germans came rushing out of a
bunch of woods to get in a shell hole and open on them. He just got done hollering when he
went down. I had the gun and ran for a shell hole about ten feet away when a bullet hit me in
the hip, and, a second later, I was hit right in the spine and that floored me. I went down like a
ton of brick, and it felt as though hot irons were being run through me. I then tried to get up
but my legs would not move. The Germans were finally driven back and late that night some
of the boys from our company came back and got me. While I laid there the old shells hit all
around me, twenty-five or thirty feet away, and the shrapnel would hiss by me with a swish.
It sure is a great war."
272 Buffalo's Part in the World War
CHAPTER LXXVII
GRAND PRE PROVES A BUFFALO SEPULCHER
ON October 14th another division, heavily manned by Buffalo men, and carrying the hopes
and prayers of many Buffalo homes, trudged its way up the Aisne River to a point near
the junction of that stream with the Aire. This division entered the Argonne on the side
of the French sector, passing along the road which led from Moncheutin and stepped into
the fight at Senuc, just south of Grand Pre. The Senuc Road joins the Grand Pre-St.
Juvin Road a little north and west of Chevieres. The 78th had made a forced march under
orders to relieve the tired, weary and shell-torn, but victorious, 77th Division. Though
excessively fatigued by a long march through the mud, the men of the 78th Division
swung into the fighting line on the night of the 14th, and on the following night the relief
of the 77th had been completely effected. The Division was commanded by Major General
McRae.
Just before going into the line that night. Sergeant Maurice Wall, son of .James B. Wall, former
Police Commissioner, wrote a letter addressed to "Mother and Dad." Sergeant Wall was a
splendid type of young American manhood. He left home as a private with the 311th Infantry,
Company E, attached to the 78th Division, and rapidly advanced in the estimation of his superiors
and associates as well as in rank. He went into the forest off the march that night somewhat
fagged out, but ready to take his position in the front line. Preparatory to going in, he wrote
home his last letter, saying, among other things:
"We sure are seeing some great sights at present. We are going through territory which has been occupied by the
Germans since the beginning of the War. They have put in a net worl< of narrow-gauge railways which seem to cover
nearly the whole ground. A great many of these camps look as if they have been rest camps. They have everything
for the convenience of the German soldier — canteens, barber -shops, theaters and plenty of beer and wine. A good
many of the dugouts have shower baths and are equipped with electric lights.
"When the American troopers went over the top they sure did give the Germans H — , As one German prisoner
said, 'You fight too fast for us.' The boys over here seem to take this as a business proposition, something to be done
and done quickly. They have practically driven the Germans from all their trenches, even the famous Hindenburg
Line went like tissue paper, and now have them in the open. In a good many places they have a hard time keeping
up with the fleeing Germans.
"Just an idea as to how we are living. We have hiked about a hundred and thirty miles in the last thirty days.
Out of this we were in the trenches eighteen days, so you can see we did some marching while we were at it. We have
been sleeping in the woods the greater part of the last month. The boys have come in from hikes so tired
that they would flop on the ground in a pouring rain and in a few minutes be fast asleep without a bit of
shelter.
"No doubt you think Fifth Avenue, New York, a very busy thoroughfare, but after seeing military traffic on the
roads of France it would look like the Main Street of a deserted village."
The 78th had marched most of the long, weary and mud-covered kilometers which marked
the distance from the St. Mihiel front to its new positions. From the middle of September to
October 14th, they were on the move or resting in the territory between the Aire River, along
whose wooded and hilly sides the 77th Di\'ision was fighting its way, and the River Aisne along
which the French Army had more easily moved. The 78th passed over the battle grounds but a
few days in the wake of the fighting forces.
Many other Buffalo boys wrote home on the night of the 14th. William E. Sawyer of G
Company, 311th Infantry, in his letter stated that he had marched from 9 o'clock on the night
of October 13th, arriving in the support lines at 2 o'clock on the morning of the 14th, and mov-
ing up to the front early next evening. French weather, often disagreeable, was especially so
at that time, and the rain had been falling heavily and steadily for two days. The men of the
78th were drenched, but so tired they fell asleep in the mud when they reached the reserve line
at 2 o'clock that memorable morning.
Buffalo's Part in the World War
273
Buffalo and Erie L uuuti Uuji m i ui.i. 11.-. l. :.iar Chevieres
On the road to Grand Pre, October 14. 1918, Men of E Company, 311th Infantry in the foreground resting
For the first time since leaving Camp Dix the boys of the 78th Division saw their own artillery
move in behind them. The heavies came into position on the night of the 14th, just south of
Grand Pre, the citadel of which was held by the Germans. For three weeks the battle raged around
that point; the advantage first resting with one and then with the other, but eventually swinging
to the American troops when the Boche, under a terrific pounding, cut and ran for the Meuse.
On the night of the 15th of October the 153d Artillery Brigade, 78th Division, laid down a
barrage, its first in the Argonne Forest, and the doughboys went over the top. Along narrow
paths and roadways and through the tangled bush they crept forward. Without the experience
the 77th gained in its two weeks' drive through that underbrush their toll, on that first day,
was exceptionally heavy. Machine gun bullets cut them down, but did not stop them. The
311th Infantry, made the greatest progress, and stubbornly held its position. On the left Captain
William Kaliska advanced his company of the 310th Infantry along the side of the road leading
to Chevieres. Kaliska had been formerly, athletic instructor at Nichols School. He had secured
admission to the officers' training school at Madison Barracks, won his commission, was assigned
to the 78th Division, fought with them in the Vosges and at St. Mihiel, and was now a rattling
good soldier through the heavy going in that black spot of the Argonne. Sergeant G. J. Eddy,
Company H, 309th Infantry was one of the first Bufi'alo men hit that day. A machine gun bullet
struck his shin.
As the Germans retreated they set up and camouflaged innumerable machine gun positions.
Every open forest space was covered with one or more guns, and the roadways fairly rang with
the putt-putt-putt-putt-putt of the machine guns. It was a most difficult matter to get the
artillery into play on the machine gun nests, and they had to be taken by direct assault and
two-fisted fighting.
On the night of the 16th of October, some units of the 311th had crossed the Grand Pre-St.
Buffalo's Part in the World War 275
Juvin Road, and were heading north to the east of the town of Grand Pi-e. Other units of the
78th Division were attacking through the town of Chevieres, and on the morning of the 17th a
concentrated attack was made all along the line. Captain Kaliska was hit by a machine gun
bullet early in the morning, and a number of other Buffalo boys were hit during the advance of
the 310th Regiment that day. Kaliska continued at the head of his command, however, and
captured several machine gun positions, from one of which he brought back seven prisoners,
being awarded a Distinguished Service Cross. Later in the day he fell a victim to gas and frag-
ments of a high explosive shell which peppered his legs. He recovered in a hospital in France,
but was out of the war from that day on. Private Henry C. Stief was wounded about the same
time when a high explosive shell hit among men of headquarters company.
Sergeant Earl B. Searcy, Sergeant Maurice Wall and Sergeant W. H. Maxwell of Company E,
311th Infantry found their men suffering severely from machine gun fire and pulled them back
preparatory to organizing a systematic attack on the entrenched position. Company E con-
tained many Buffalo men. In addition to those mentioned. Sergeant Harry J. McBride, Corporal
Frank E. Rogers, Corporal George McDonald and privates Norman F. Woelfel, Howard Hoehn,
.John Kriegler, Ralph B. Brown, Harvey Moss, Albert May, John Kwiatkowski, Benjamin Perez,
Matthew Rohr, Alois Besstak, Walter Bebauer, Charles Griese, Frank X. Hilburger, Harry
Lebert, William Kaufman, Edwin Loth, Simon Vouros, John Wagner, Alois Weckerle, Michael
Zmozynski, Joseph Miller, Bugler Benjamin Borg and Cook Michael Sommerfelt, Buffalo men,
were in the company.
Sergeant Wall was in charge of the platoon, containing most of those men, and, when he ordered
them back, he probably thereby saved many lives. Picking Searcy and Maxwell, Wall went
forward on the right, endeavoring to flank the machine gun position. After locating what he
believed to be the cause of the trouble, they opened fire and the advanced Boche were seen retreat-
ing through the woods. Wall and his companions then went forward for a hand-to-hand tussle
if necessary in mopping up, when the little group rushed smack into a gunner hidden in the brush
who had remained behind for just such an attack. Wall fell at the first fire, but crawled under
cover along with the other two sei'geants. They lay there for many hours, but their company
had skirted this position and gone foi-waixl. Finally the Germans were driven out, but no one
returned to pick up Wall until late the following evening. He had suffered severely from loss of
blood and exposure, and died shortly after reaching a dressing station.*
Private John L. Sullivan, a Buffalo boy, of B Company, 311th Infantry was killed in about
the same sort of an operation on the same day. He was taken forward by Lieutenant Gardenier,
with one or two others, in an endeavor to definitely locate a machine gun position. Sullivan
"bumped" off one German who was firing from behind a bunch of brush, freshly cut, and was
met with a shower of bullets but escaped injury. Presently Sullivan and his companion espied
a machine gunner in a shell hole firing on members of B Company who were seeking to advance
, „ „, X, „ *" France, November 27, 1918.
Mrs. J. B. Wall, Buffalo, N. Y.
"My dear Mrs. Wall: I am taking a liberty which I sincerely trust you will approve. When the enclosed letter (from Mrs. Wall to her son)
came with Company mail, a few days ago, I opened it to make certain the sender was Maurice Wall's mother. I did not read it, but am returning
it just as I found it, as the opening words answered my question.
"I assume you have had word, before now, of the wound which your beloved son suffered on October 17th last. I was with him at the time
hence this message to you, his mother. We have had a sad report as to the result of the wound, and my one hope is that Maurice did not pay
the supreme sacrifice. As to that, the War Department has official records. My heart goes out to you and the Sergeant's family, for I can well
know and understand how he must have been esteemed and beloved by all who knew him.
"Maurice was in charge of the second platoon of Company E. I was second in command of the same platoon with him. We had had a verv
tragic and trying day on October 16th and during the day of the 17th of October, tor we attacked a German machine gun stronghold at Chievres
on both days. With Maurice in charge we were left to guide the destinies of the second platoon, and we fought on well until the time came to
make a night attack on October 17th. The Company ran into a machine gun position, and before we could make good our escape. Maurice and
I with half a dozen others of the platoon, were trapped at close range. We squirmed to the best cover we could find. While seeking better pro-
tection beside me, Maurice received a wound in the knee. We couldn't give it first aid dressing here, for to raise our heads meant certain death,
so we were forced to lie there motionless for many hours, before another attacking company drove the enemy away from his position a hundred
"■■so feet in front of us. Maurice was living. I am told, when the first aid and stretcher bearers found him, but had suffered keenly from exposure.
Word of his death has come to me. and 1 simply want you to know that I am unutterably sorry. Of course, as soldiers, we are taught to accept
the ill fortunes of war stoically, but it is too bad a man of Maurice's mind and character had to be sacrificed under such circumstances. I enter-
tain the faint hope that he yet lives, though our records, I understand, show differently. I lay beside him for five hours, then crawled back under
cover of brief fog — at Maurice's suggestion — to attempt to organize an attacking party. Orders, however, contemplated a different move.
Maurice Wall was a splendid chap, and a man liked and loved by our whole Company. I was intimately associated with him, and know
what sort of a man he was. Moreover, he was nervy and courageous to the last degree. He wouldn't be frightened. I admired him and I can
tell you that no one in our company performed his patriotic duty more cheerfully and fearlessly.
" May I extend to a mother my sincerest and most admiring sympathy?
Very truly.
Sergeant Earl B. Searcy.
276 Buffalo's Part in the World War
across an open space on the left. The two boys went forward with a rush, but they were cut
down with machine gun bullets. Both were fatally hit and died on the spot. The Lieutenant
rejoined the company.*
A number of boys from Lackawanna were in the same regiment, attached to Company F.
During the fighting of the 17th-18th, Company F encountered stiff machine gun resistance.
Private Michael Slovick, whose home is in Batavia, but who went away with the Buffalo outfit,
tells a graphic story of that day's fighting!
"That fighting sent west many a boy from Western New York, f was with the 311th Infantry,
which had as its members many Buffalo and nearby men. The boys from Lackawanna suffered
most. I don't know how many of them bled and died in the Argonne, but it was a lot. Alany
of them were members of Company F.
"We weren't fighting infantry, we were fighting machine guns and artillery. The Germans had
the woods charted and they shot bullets into it at every angle. Some were aimed at men's heads,
some at their bodies and some at their legs. Men dropped all around me by dozens and finally
what seemed like a million bullets hit me all at once from my hips down, and down I went.
" For twenty-six hours I lay in a shell hole in No Man's Land, without even first aid attention.
Three times the Americans charged past me into the face of that terrible fire and three times
they were driven back. Finally night came and with it the stretcher bearers. Several passed
near me and I called to them, but they didn't hear me. I felt as if I were bleeding to death and
the burning thirst caused by the wounds was terrible. Early the next morning the Americans
drove the Germans back and my shell hole was soon behind our new positions. Soon afterward
I was picked up and taken to a base hospital, where I got the finest treatment that any one could
have asked for."
Along the path away from the point where Slovick was hit, dead Boche blocked the road,
showing how deadly had been the fire of the boys of Company F. Many bodies found in the
woods afterwards had been pierced through by bayonets, proving the Boche had met death,
also, in hand to hand fighting.
On the morning of October 17th at daylight, the Division went over the top for the second
time. The men left their shelter and advanced across the open to the Aire River, a small, swiftly
flowing stream, waded the chilly, waist deep water and formed the skirmish lines on the opposite
side.
When the crossing had been successfully effected, they swept forward and on the heights ahead
the Hun machine gunners could be seen in flight. After an advance of a mile or more, a lively
fire was again encountered, making it necessary to seek shelter in shell holes. Throughout the
remainder of that day the men lay huddled, cramped and chilled while machine gun bullets
whistled over them and high explosive and gas shells landed nearby. Captain Henry P. Warren,
Jr., the commander of E Company, while directing the operations of his men, was struck by a
machine gun bullet which penetrated his steel helmet, inflicting a severe scalp wound.
Among the other Buffalo boys who fell in and around Grand Pre were Sergeant Edwin H.
Bauer, D Company, 309th Infantry. He entered the woods in a skirmish line. The underbrush
was exceptionally dense at the point where they entered and members of his Company soon
became detached from one another. Sergeant Bauer and one other were soon quite a distance in
advance of the main body of their Company when they ran into a machine gun nest, and immedi-
ately sought cover. Bauer tried to answer the machine gun with his rifle when a burst of machine
* Lieutenant Gardenier writing to Mrs. Sullivan of her son's death said: "When a hail of machine gun bullets greeted us we dropped. Then
we cautiously looked up in the direction they were coming from.
"Private Sullivan said, 'There he is. lieutenant/ I looked and saw a German ducking down into a shell hole. I knew what was coming and
said, 'Duck down,' ' IJuck down nothing,* he replied, 'I can get him.'
"He opened fire with his automatic rifle. The response was another hail of bullets directly at us and both of the boys received fatal wounds.
I gave Private Sullivan a drink from my canteen, but soon saw that it was all over and he made his peace with God and died with his hand on the
gun he had fired to the last.
"His memory will always stay with me. He was a man in the highest sense, unafraid, faithful and a soldier. I trust that the pride I feel for
him will mingle with the sorrow of his loved ones and make their loss a sacred one, a sacrifice which follows those who make it and through which
shines the glory of a noble gift to freedom.
"I beg you to pardon this intrusion by a stranger into your intimate sorrow and I trust that what little I can say will to some extent serve
to lighten the grief of those who loved him."
Buffalo's Part in the World War
277
gun fire struck him on the top of the head, killing him instantly. Leo Blaszkiewicz, 77 Gibson
Street was killed that night while the Company was in reserve. He was hit in the chest by flying
shrapnel.
David S. Buchanan was one of the first Buffalo men in the 78th Division killed after that
division had relieved the 77th. He was a member of E Company, 311th Infantry and while
advancing with his Company at Chevieres on the 16th of October, was shot through the stomach
with machine gun bullets. Private Norman Woelfel of 890 Broadway was near when Buchanan
fell, but he said his comrade died before he could bring him first aid. Howard Clancy, of E Com-
pany, 309th Infantry, 600 Hasten Street, was also hit that day and was taken back to a hospital
near Apremont where he died on the 19th. He was buried at Apremont near the top of a hill
west of the church in the orchard.
Anthony Didley, a sergeant of Headquarters Company, 311th Infantry was killed on the 25th,
just before dusk, while lying behind an embankment south of Grand Pre. He was struck by frag-
ments of a high explosive shell. John F. Duggan of E Company, 311th Infantry, 358 Maryland
Street, while advancing with his Company at Chevieres on October 16th, was shot through the right
thigh by a machine gun bullet and died the same day. Anthony Ervin, E Company, 311th Infan-
try, 457 Auburn Avenue, while advancing in attack at Chevieres was struck by a machine gun
bullet which pierced his right groin. Private H. P. Hoehn of 149 Allen Street was nearby when
he fell. Hoehn says Ervin died within a very few minutes after being hit. Frank Fronczak,
Company M, 310th Infantry, 440 Ohio Street was also killed in that attack. He was shot through
the head with a machine gun bullet and died in the arms of a friend from Port Washington, L. I.
Norbert F. Hens, a Sergeant of Company H, 309th Infantry, 134 16th Street was in the drive
at Chevieres all through the day of the 16th and on the morning of the 17th he was sitting in a
dugout when a shell landed in the road about 6 feet from the spot where he, and a number of
r^J
Shell Bursting Among Men of E Co., 312th Infantry, while Repairing Road Mined and Blown Up
by Germans near Grand Pre
278 Buffalo's Part in the World War
others were resting. Private A. W. Kuch of Niagara Falls was sitting close to Sergeant Hens
when the shell landed and states that Hens pitched forward into his lap. "I tried to get him
to talk to me, but he was unable to do so" said Kuch. " I think he was dead when I carried him
to the first aid station." Two days later, a friend of Sergeant Hens, Curtis T. Hibbard, Private
of D Company, 311th Infantry of 98 Gelston Street, was killed on Farm De Lois, about 2 kilo-
meters west of Grand Pre. He was hit by a sniper's bullet while his battahon was making an
attack. Hibbard's body was not found until about ten days afterward. There was a bullet hole
through the neck and it is believed that he died instantly. George J. Hildebrand, 453 Carlton Street
was killed the same day when a high explosive shell landed at Brigade Headquarters.
Louis A. Humbert, Private L Company, 311th Infantry, 133 Duerstein Avenue was killed on
October 24th by a German shell which made almost a direct hit, tearing him to pieces. Soldiers
who were near him say that very little of his body was found but what was found was buried
back of Talma Farm on the hillside. Corporal W. G. Barlow, 38 Olcott place, this city was a
witness to Humbert's death.
Another Buffalo boy killed on the 16th was Frank J. Kaczmarek, Company C, 311th Infantry,
458 Davey Street. He was struck in the body by a piece of high explosive shell while working
on a dugout. M. J. Luber, Private, K Company, 310th Infantry, 30 Fougeron Street was also
killed that same day. His Company had relieved a part of the 77th Division along the St. Juvin
Road. Private Luber and the membei's of his squad were behind bales of straw along the side
of the road. A shell landed in the straw pile and shrapnel filled Luber's two legs. He turned to
Private James E. May of Rochester and asked him if he could see about how badly he was hit.
May told him there were several shrapnel wounds in his legs. Luber made no other remark.
He died ten minutes later.
Corporal J. William Kellogg of M Company, 311th Infantry, 1754 William Street was instantly
killed by machine gun bullet on the 25th of October while going over the top. At the time of his
death he had charge of an automatic gun squad. Orrin B. Piper, G Company, 309th Infantry
was another Buffalo boy killed on October 16th while attacking north of St. .Juvin. He was
struck by shrapnel over the right eye and killed instantly. Joseph Sikora, Company L, 309th
Infantry, 572 Amherst Street was killed in the same attack.
Many other Buffalo boys were killed in the fighting between October 16th and November 6th,
when the Division was relieved by the 42d Division north of Grand Pre on the way to Sedan.
And many boys of this Division, who fell during the attack, later died of wounds. For example,
Private William J. Finn, 109 Gordon Street, D Company, 311th Infantry, was not seen after
the attack north of Chevieres on October 17th. Sergeant Breen of that Company later stated
that he saw a man lying near the H Company P. C. (Post Command) who he believed was
Finn. He said he saw his name on the gas mask. Breen stated the man believed to have been
Finn was buried in the vicinity of the spot where he fell. Many boys were reported missing in
action at that time, some of whom came back later on and others died either in prison camps
or at hospitals back of the lines, but Grand Pre certainly proved a Buffalo sepulcher.
Sergeant Walter E. Gies, a Buffalo boy, Company G, 311th Infantry went over the top with a
squad that morning (October 17th) in advance of the Company to remove desti'uctive machine
gun nests. His thrilling experience that day and on the subsequent day is told in a letter home,
written by him October 22d. It was the first opportunity he had to write and it was his last
letter home. He was killed on November 1st as his Company went over the top after the Boche
just before the final rush of the Germans across the open space from the Aire to the Meuse. He
was buried beside two of his closest friends on Hill 210 near Grand Pre. Sergeant Gies' letter:
"The morning after our first night on the front I had the most thrilUng experience of my life. I was sent out with
a patrol of eight men. After proceeding for about a mile in the front of our line across open country, we were fired upon
from the top of a steep hill in front of us by two snipers. We returned their fire and started up the hill after them,
but when we arrived at the crest of the slope, which proved to be a road, we found we had run into a machine gun nest,
for the moment we set foot on the road they opened on us with one gun and we were forced to seek cover. He held us
down with his gun and soon had another going from the opposite side of the road, so that we were subjected to cross-fire.
Buffalo's Part in the World War 279
"In the meantime we were engaging him quite boldly also; but he had us in a bad place, and it wasn't very long
before he had hit two of my men badly. Then he opened up with another gun from our right and rear, so that we were
now getting it three ways. This last gun also cut off another of my men so that all he could do was lie flat in the hole
he was in. In fact, I was out of touch with him and after shouting to him for about five minutes and receiving no
answer, concluded he had been killed, and knew no dift'erent until he turned up back with the company next morning.
I was thus left with four men and myself.
" Hopeless odds against three machine guns and about five snipers. But the company was supposed to be following,
and I expected every minute to see them coming across the open. I hated to give up the ground we had won, but
after waiting and looking in vain for half an hour, and having one of the lads who had been hit at first hit twice again,
I decided to fall back down the hill and take cover in an old farm house at the foot, about 600 or 700 yards away from
the machine gun nest.
"So I shouted to the boys to start and crawl for it, but previous to this I had sent one of the wounded men who
could walk back to the company for help.
"Well, when I got ready to back down the hill, after crossing the road, I found Jim Waldron so badly hit that he
couldn't crawl out of the hole he was in, so I had to go back and pull him out. I told him to try and roll down, which
he gamely tried to do, but had to give it up about half way. So I got him on my back and lugged him the other half.
When he got into the house, we found four other lads, one of them wounded, who were from another division and had
been stranded there from the night before when their company had pulled out.
"Waldron was in awful pain and bleeding profusely, so, after posting sentries, I started in to dress his wounds. I
found he had been hit twice in the body and once in the arm. I bandaged him as best I could, laid him on a bed and
started to look things over." (He died in the hospital a few days later. — Ed. 1 " I soon had it impressed upon me that
it would be impossible to get back before dark, as every time anyone showed themselves it provoked a storm of bullets,
and to walk out carrying two wounded men would have been suicide.
"There was still no sign of the company and by now I knew that something had caused a change of plans. I was
between the devil and the deep sea. I couldn't leave and I was afraid to stay, for I thought every minute that Fritz
would sneak down along the road (which we couldn't see from the bottom of the slope) and heave bombs on us. I don't
know W'hy they didn't.
"Well, along about 2 o'clock in the afternoon, we spied three men coming from our lines and when they got near
enough I recognized them as one of our sergeants and two of our men. They had volunteered to go out and try and
find us. We waved and shouted to them and they managed to get in O. K.
"Sergeant Perry" (this Sergeant Perry, together with Sergeant Gies, and Corporal Conway of Ithaca, were caught
in a machine-gun trap on November 1st, while leading an attack of the 4th platoon of G Company and all were killed.
— Ed.) "told me the company would attack at 3.30, so we made a drawing, locating the guns I had run into and
started a man back with it. He hadn't gone fifty yards from the building when a sniper got him in the arm, breaking
it and putting him down, but he managed to stagger back to us after lying still for about fifteen minutes." (This was
Jeremiah McAulifTe of Oneida, N. Y. Later on his arm was amputated, but he recovered. — Ed.) The other lad then
said he would make a try and he got away O. K., but when he got back to the company it had been decided to call off
the advance, as they had run into a barrage and couldn't come ahead without losing the majority of the company. He
came back again with a message for us to come right in. This was impossible, as I explained before.
"In the meantime, I was acting doctor again and I really am quite proud of the way I fixed that arm. It had a
hole in it about two inches round and the bone was completely severed, for I could look right in and see it, and then
put a bandage and splint on it, so that when it came time to move him he was as comfortable as one could expect. My
next job was to improvise stretchers which I did by using two round poles, and folding a blanket around them for one
and for the other I found an old bunk w'ith wire stretched over poles, which I cut out of a row of such bunks.
"The other wounded man (the one we found in the house) had a bullet in his leg, but could walk a little so I figured
with two men helping, he'd be able to make it, besides I didn't have men enough to man a stretcher for him. Two men
can't carry a man for over two miles — that is what we had to cover to get back besides having to ford a stream waist
deep and climb two banks fifteen feet or so high and which ran almost straight up.
"As soon as it began to get dark, I got my patients on the stretchers all ready to pick up and step out with and about
6.30 we set out and got back to our lines and company at about twelve. Take my word for it I never worked so hard
in all my life or never was I so totally exhausted. I waded that stream about six times to get them all across safely,
besides helping get each one up the two steep banks. When we turned up at the company we got some welcome for
they had given us up as lost. Next morning I was routed up at 6 o'clock after about two hours of actual sleep for I
only had one blanket and nearly froze with those wet clothes on but I never got a cold from it."
Men of the 78th Division were enthusiastic in their praise of the work of Sergeant Gies, and
returning soldiers were always ready to tell of his heroic acts. The death of this brave boy
caused genuine sorrow throughout the entire regiment.
In the cemeteries around Grand Pre many brave Buffalo boys are sleeping, and the ambulances
carried hundreds of wounded men from that point. Every tree is stamped with an act of Amer-
ican valor, and while Buffalo and Western New York men of the 78th Division were not aware
280 Buffalo's Part in the World War
of it at the time, they were engaged during those trying days from October 1.5th to 18th in smash-
ing the western defenses of the famous Kriemhild Line, while the Divisions on their right were
going through it.
General Pershing said: "The Fifth Corps, in hand-to-hand encounters, entered the formidable
Kriemhild Line, where the enemy had hoped to check us indefinitely, and the First Corps took
Champigneulles and the important town of Grand Pre. Our dogged offensive was wearing down
the enemy, who continued desperately to throw his best troops in front of us, thus weakening
his line in front of our Allies and making their advance less difficult."
Indeed, the German Army was pulling out of Belgium before the British and Fi-ench, but the
Boche was being allowed to take his supplies and equipment with him. His was an orderly retreat
when it should have been a rout. In fact, it had already become necessary to withdraw the 37th
and 91st American Divisions from the Argonne to change the status of that retreat. Those two
divisions were hurried north into Belgium and detrained October 20th in the neighborhood of
Ypres. The Rev. Joseph A. Burke, a Buffalo priest attached to St. Vincent's Church, commis-
sioned Lieutenant-Chaplain during the summer, was attached to the 91st Division as it started
on that rapid mai'ch from Ypres to the front line near the Lys River at Passchendaele. Two
Buffalo boys were then with the 37th Division: Irving H. Johnston, 147th Infantry and Victor
Sweeney, 145th Infantry. They had come through the Argonne Forest fighting intact, but one
fell before the Escaut River was reached.
Sergeant Sweeney, while leading his platoon over the top on the first morning of the drive,
was held up by a machine gun nest. Resting his men in a ditch he went forward through a turnip
patch to reconnoiter, when a sniper in a shell-wrecked house dropped him with a rifle bullet
missing his heart by inches only, the bullet passing out through his shoulder. This Buffalo boy
had been put out of action in the first seven minutes of fighting.
The 91st Division captured Spitaals Bosschen, a wood extending across the central part of the
division sector. The 37th Division drove ahead rapidly, capturing many prisoners and much
ammunition, forcing the retreating Germans across the Escaut, or Scheldt, River. On the follow-
ing day, November 4th, the 91st Division took Audenarde. The French Army then took over
the entire line, and the two American Divisions dropped back for a rest.
Buffalo's Part in the World War 281
CHAPTER LXXVIII
TWENTY DAYS ON THE MEUSE WITH THE OLD 65th
A FTER the 33d Infantry, for whom the old 65th Regiment was furnishing artillery support,
ZA had cleaned up Forges, they received their new objectives, and proceeded to a point beyond
-^ -^ Bethancourt, the Artillery to move up behind them. After a terrible night on the road,
the Buffalo artillerymen got into position about 4.00 A. M. From then on, they fought through
what was known as the first and second phases of the Argonne. Toward the end of the second
phase, another Buffalo contingent the 77th Division, quite a distance west of the 106th, were
taken back for a much needed rest, and for replacements. The 78th Division had taken over
the position held by the 77th and were moving into Grand Pre, at the time the 106th, or old
65th, was relieved after twenty days of hard fighting.
Captain Gilchriese gives an historical record of the movements of the 106th from the time
they left Forges on September 26th until they were relieved on October 19th.
"We effected the passage through Forges without further adventure and arrived on the road
to Bethancourt, — which was our destination — in good order. And here the trouble began. The
traffic was absolutely and completely tied up. Convoys going in both directions on the same
narrow, muddy road were in hopless jams. From 11 o'clock until four A. M. we urged, ordered,
begged and pushed wagons, limbers, trucks, ambulances and nondescript vehicles, all in a con-
glomerated mass on the narrow road to Bethancourt. The American Army was advancing and
had to be supplied. These drivers had been working, some of them for forty-eight and seventy-
two hour stretches without rest, and they still had hours of endless toil ahead of them if their
organizations were to be fed. Infantry going forward to the lines cheerfully stopped to give us
whatever aid they could in moving mired carriages, but the situation looked hopeless. How-
ever, by almost superhuman effort, the men pulled, pushed and drove their teams as they never
had before, until by squirming, squeezing and praying, we worked the guns through the mass
and pushed them into position shortly before 5 A. M. and just in time to fire an accompanying
fire of 200 rounds per battery, in support of an attack by our infantry.
"The days following were not pleasant ones. There were no prepared emplacements or dug-
outs to be had here. We were in the ravine of Raffencourt; low, muddy, swampy and pitted
with shell holes. This ravine had been the scene of many a bloody conflict during the battle of
Verdun, and for the past two years it had lain midway between the lines — a place shunned as a
gas hole. The few deserted dugouts we were able to find were low ceilinged, damp and unpro-
tected except against splinters.
"On October 8th, we spent a whole morning making careful adjustment on strongholds around
the well fortified Bois de Chaume. That afternoon at 4 o'clock we delivered a most tremendous
and concentrated fire on sixteen targets in this area at the conclusion of which the 29th Divi-
sion, which we were supporting, stormed the heights and carried the Hun into the depths of Bois
de Consenvoye, beyond. This had been one of the hardest positions east of the Meuse, up to
this time, that our doughboys had been called on to take. On our left the 80th Division was
fighting, with bull dog tenacity in the terrible woods of the Argonne; directly in front of us our
own Division — the 33d — was endeavoring to cross the Meuse.
"The little town of Sivry-sur-Meuse was still in enemy hands and in the belfry of its church
the deadly Hun machine guns enfiladed the flanks of our infantry as they advanced to storm the
heights of Bois de Chaume, another hard nut for the doughboys to crack. We were constantly
being called on to fire on the church tower, which presented quite a target, until one day we
were ordered to destroy it. Now that would have been an easy matter for the Hun, but it was
an entirely new experience for us. Casting religious scruples to the winds, however, we went
after it with a will. It was only after we were well launched on our mission that we were ordered
Buffalo's Part in the World War 283
to cease firing. I have since seen that belfry and although the dead Jerries had been removed,
the bits of metal, brick and equipment told the story better than anything or anybody on the
spot could have done. Several holes of 155 calibre dimensions in the tower itself showed that
our adjustment was well under way.
"Having driven Jerry from his much coveted positions east of the river, we were compelled
to move forward again — he having moved beyond our effective range. On the night of October
15th in a driving rain we moved out, our destination being a position near Gercourt. It was
only a matter of 8 or 9 kilometers but on what a terrible hike. In mud all the way and over a
road ordinarily bad enough due to hills and shell holes but on this particular night hellish. By
10 o'clock in the morning all the batteries were not yet in position. The visibility was so poor,
because of the rain and clouds in the morning that we could not be seen from the German lines
although they were plainly visible not very far distant. The battalion headquarters was exceed-
ingly fortunate in finding a German battery emplacement, which was soon converted into a com-
fortable room. But not so with the batteries. They had not even a piece of elephant iron for
protection against the elements.
"But everyone set to with a will and in a couple of days, dugouts were well under way and
emplacements being perfected. Several batteries of G. P. F. construction (these are long guns of
the same calibre as ours) were in position around us. Every time one of them fired it shook our
whole establishment, and this they did quite frequently to the immediate discomfort of Jerry.
We fired several important missions from this position, participating in the general melee of
artillery attack on Jerry's Gisehler-Stellung and his best Sturm battalions. Every night was a
regular fireworks celebration. The spiteful barking of the 75s, followed by their swishing, re-
echoing, shrieking as they tore over the woods in front of us; the sharp report of our own guns;
the mighty bellowing of the G. P. Fs, all intermingled in a tremendous roaring which resulted in
a wonderful symphony, nightly, but which must have made the Hun feel terribly shaky. It was
during these days that we began to receive his propaganda, dropped during the night from air-
planes, asking us what we were fighting for and telling us that Germany had acceded to all our
demands. Our answer was characteristic. It usually took the shape of what the newspapers
term, ' Increased artillery activity. '
"On the 20th, just as we were becoming accustomed to our new surroundings, and getting
accurately adjusted on the enemy positions, we were ordered to move as the Division was being
relieved. The fact that it was raining did not add to our happiness, nor that our march was a
matter of 40 odd kilometers back to the echelons in the rear.
"Then a long, wearisome hike. From 'neath the shadows of Montfaucon, that stronghold which
defied every attack of the Allies for years, back through the devastated ruined villages of Ger-
court, Driencourt, Bethancourt, in a blinding rain, with the night as black as the shadows of
Hades. Our orders were to clear Montzeville by 6 A. M. If this should become impossible, as
it was, we were to park along the roadside under cover during the daylight hours and await the
coming of night to resume the march. The batteries moved separately. Battahon headquarters
pulled out at 5 A. M. and as the visibility was still very poor continued the march until noon.
It was a cold drizzly morning as we swung into the battered village of Bethancourt. And there
we were confronted with a surprise. Only a few days before we had left this region, and now
upon passing it we saw hospitals for miles, sprung up as though over night. Was this unmistakable
testimony of the terrible fighting that had been waged on our left in the woods of the Argonne?
Fresh plots of graveyards were springing up all over the country and even as we passed, burial
parties were hard at work in several of them. It was a sight which brought sadness to the hearts
of more than one man in that column. We had gazed upon German dead by the scores— some
of them horribly mutilated— without the slightest qualm, but the sight of American lads who had
so heroically sacrificed their lives on the altar of Democracy brought a choky feeling to the throat.
"But this was not far enough from the battle front. The next night, or rather that night,
October 22d, we moved out again, our destination being the Bois Chene Gosson, whatever that
284 Buffalo's Part in the World War
means. But "mirable dictu," it did not rain, nor were the roads bad. In fact they were excel-
lent. Leaving at 6 P. M. we had covered the 16 kilometers by 11.30 and without losing a single
animal. It was a wonderful moonlight night and the men actually were cheerful as we rolled
along that most famous of highways, Verdun-Metz, under the shadows of the protective trees
bordering the road. As we neared Verdun an occasional whine of an enemy shell was heard, but
this only amused the men. One particularly unrestful Austrian heavy kept at this method of
harassing during the night. Pulling up under the shadow of Fort de Rugret, we halted for a
short rest and then turned south toward Dugny. Arriving in our new woods south of Dugny we
immediately went into cantonments. It was quite a pleasant change, this finding a roof all ready
to welcome you.
"But Dugny, that pretty spot with its gorgeous scenery, its pure fresh air and its exquisite
weather, was not to be ours for long. We got a much needed scrubbing, took rides unmolested
by the screeching of Hun shells, ate bread with butter on it and even had jam occasionally. Then
came the order. They always come just when you are getting comfortable and familiar with
your surroundings. We were to go forward this time in support of the 79th Division and once
more take our place in the battle front of the Meuse — this time on the eastern bank in the vicinity
of Brabant. On the 28th of October we moved out, returning first of course to our old friend
Bois la Ville."
Buffalo's Part in the World War
285
CHAPTER LXXIX
ST. SOUPLET AND ACROSS LE SELLE
AS soon as the Hindenburg Line had been broken and the canal was in the possession of the
ZA Alhes the Australians relieved the 27th Division on the British front. That occurred on
■*- -*- September 30th. That is, they officially made the relief, but it was several days before the last
of the Americans left the front lines. So enthusiastic were they over the fighting that they kept
on with the Australians.
Lieutenants Brown and Uhl of the 108th had held their position in the German trenches with
more officers and men prisoners than their own strength numbered. Despite the necessity of
guarding these they had repulsed repeated counter attacks endeavoring to dislodge them.
The Signal Corps got a wire to the trenches a few hours after the infantry had gained a foot-
hold. When the Australians relieved our men the following day, the officer in command tele-
phoned back that the Americans were there but wanted to continue with them. Their request
was communicated to General O'Ryan.
"I can't imagine that they will be any good; they must be all in after what they have gone
through," he said. "See if they really want to go on."
Map showing part taken by
107th and 108th INFANTRY. 27th DIVISION. IN
Forcing the Crossing of La Selle River
at ST. SOUPLET
and advance beyond
October 17-20. 1918
Scale of Miles
286 Buffalo's Part in the World War
"Yes, sir, we want to keep on" came the answer. "A lot have been wounded, but they all
want to stay. "
In that stretch of fighting the 27th Division sustained about 4,000 casualties in killed, wounded
and gassed. The Division went back for a rest in the Bois de Bier, while the Allied forces poured
through the break which had been made in the Hindenburg Line.
Nor was the Boche in position then to rush any great number of reserves to that front. The
American Army was coming through the Argonne Forest and sweeping along the Meuse over
ground which the German commanders believed even moi'e secure than the St. Quentin canal
sector. To add to the troubles of the Kaiser's army, the Second American Division with its
fighting Marines struck the line south of Laon near Rheims and prevented the withdrawal of
troops from that sector to aid either in the Argonne or at St. Quentin. Of the attack made by
the 2d Division, (with more than 250 Buffalo men) General Pershing said:
"On October 2-9, our Second and Thirty-sixth Divisions were sent to assist the French in an
important attack against the old German positions before Rheims. The Second conquered the
complicated defense works on their front against a persistent defense worthy of the grimest period
of trench warfare and attacked the strongly held wooded hill of Blanc Mont, which they captured
in a second assault, sweeping over it with consummate dash and skill. This Division then repulsed
strong counter attacks before the village and cemetery of Ste. Etienne and took the town, forcing
the Germans to fall back from before Rheims and yield positions they had held since September,
1914. On October 9, the Thirty-sixth Division, relieved the Second and, in its first experience
under fire, withstood very severe artillery bombardment and rapidly took up the pursuit of the
enemy, now retiring behind the Aisne."
Early in October the Allied advance on the St. Quentin sector had slowed up and the 27th
and 30th Divisions were again in demand. They were brought up to Le Selle River, and between
October 12 and 14 the 27th was put in the line at St. Souplet. The Division, by daring preliminary
raids, terrified the enemy into thinking it was many times its actual size.
On the 17th of October, again at the point of the wedge, the New York Division went into
and captured the town of St. Souplet, forded the Le Selle River and forged on beyond the high
railroad embankment, taking on this one day 1,400 prisoners, aside from an almost unbelievable
number of machine guns, a railroad train consisting of an engine and fourteen coaches and a
large amount of other material.
The battle, fought in the early morning, had been preceded on the 14th day of October by a
daylight raid. The raid was a remarkably planned and executed affair, demonstrating the valor,
intrepidity and exceptional efficiency of the American Army. It was deemed desirable to obtain
a number of German prisoners for informative purposes and volunteers were asked for to make a
foray on the enemy lines and bring back twenty prisoners.
The 108th Infantry furnished the raiding squad, among them John J. Crotty of Buffalo, a
corporal of Company D. The men left the lines under the protection of a barrage which was to
lift for a period of five minutes during which time the raiders were to enter the enemy line, secure
their prisoners and get back again before the barrage fell. Not a man was injured in the exploit.
For their gallant work the entire squad was cited. Crotty's citation follows:
27th division AMERICAN EXPEDITIONARY FORCES— FRANCE
To Corporal John J. Crotty, Company D, 108th Infantry.
Your gallant conduct in the Field on October 14, 1918, at St. Souplet, France, in voluntarily serving as a member of a small raiding party
which crossed the Le Selle River and in the face of heavy fire, captured 23 prisoners, has been reported to me, and I take pleasure in commending
and making this record of your gallantry.
In the Field, France, (Signed) John F, O'Ryan,
November 1. 1918. MajoT-Genfral Covimanding.
On that battlefield the Division Commander impressed his will on the enemy so completely
that the victory was unqualified.
In front of the 27th Division on that occasion were the German 204th Infantry Division, the
243d Infantry Division, the 3d Naval Division, the 24th Infantry and the 15th Rifle Division.
The battle of Jonc-de-Mar Ridge was fought on the following day. It was also a prepared
Buffalo's Part in the World War
attack and resulted in taking a large number of prisoners, machine guns and materials, and an
advance of several kilometers by the 27th Division, which took its objectives in the face of terrific
opposition.
It is a notable feature of the fighting of the New Yoi'k Division that, in company with the
30th American Division, forming the Second American Corps, it was always at the point of the
wedge which was being driven into the enemy's strongholds. The 27th Division, throughout the
war, was used as shock troops and was hurled against the line where the enemy and his field
fortifications were the strongest. These two divisions took 6,000 prisoners, one-eighth of all the
prisoners taken by the American Expeditionary Forces in France.
TABULATED DATA OF THE 108th IN THE HINDENBURG OPERATION
Prisoners of War Captured 16 officers, 594 men
Machine guns Captured 33 (various types)
Casualties for the period were as follows:
Enlisted Men
Gassed
September 2Hth
September 27th
September 28th
September 29th
September 30th
October 1st
Officers . . .
Wounded
2
1
30
518
36
1
13
611
Killed
16
154
12
0
12
Missing
0
0
0
19
3
0
0
E. S. Jennings. Colonel.
While the 108th was on its way to St. Souplet it was billeted for a while at Escaufort. On
midnight of October 13th the tired boys went to bed early. A shell struck one of the billets in
which they were sleeping, injuring several men and instantly killing Corporal Jack R. Rickets
while he slept. His body was filled with shrapnel.
On October 18th, the St. Souplet operation was in full swing. The boys had been fighting their
way through a mud hole, battling along under severest weather conditions. Private Stewart W.
Martin, of Company A, somewhat in advance of his company was hit with a large shell which
landed at his feet. He was blown to pieces. A little later the same day, I Company found itself
without a leader; the officer who had been assigned to the company was looking over his maps
as the line moved out; Private George A. Eberle stepped up in the absence of the officer, took
command of the boys and led them over the top. They fought through many a tough place
with the young private undauntedly and courageously leading them forward. A machine gun
bullet nipped his shoulder. A moment later several members of the company went down behind
him from the enemy fire. Finally, Eberle was hit in the side by a rifle bullet, but he refused to
leave the field. He di-opped, however, before the objective was reached and died from his wounds.
Another private took the remnants of the company forward to the objective.
Private Joseph E. Lutz, Company G, was hit the same day and courageously went forward
until he fell from exhaustion. The first machine gun bullet hit him in the shoulder; the second
opened a bad scalp wound. He was unattended for some little time after he fell, and died in the
hospital on October 27th.
One of the Buffalo boys who went through the heart of the Hindenburg stunt and also the
fighting at St. Souplet was Corporal Joseph Yund. He passed safely through every battle in which
the 27th Division participated, returned with the Division to America early in March and was
sent to Camp Merritt awaiting the date for the divisional parade down Fifth Avenue. While
the regiment was in France Yund was offered an assignment as cook but declined it to remain
on the field with his company, where he was frequently admired for his coolness and courage
under fire as a Non Commissioned Officer. While at Camp Merritt he died suddenly of acute
indigestion less than ten days before the regiment was mustered out of service.
Another strange case was that of Sergeant Chris K. Redden, who virtually led the Machine Gun
Company of the 108th through all its fighting in France. A few days after the discharge of the Regi-
ment and the return of the boys to Buffalo, Redden fell down stairs at his home and broke his neck.
288 Buffalo's Part in the World War
The old 74th saw service in three battles, three major engagements and two minor engage-
ments. Its activities with the 27th Division may be summarized briefly as follows:
Battle of Hindenburg Line near Bony, France, September 29th and 30th, 1918; a prepared
attack with the 3d British Corps on the left and the 30th American Division and the 10th French
Army on the right, and the Australian Corps and the 9th British Corps participating. Opposed
to the Americans was the German Second Guard Division, 232d, 54th, 185th, 121st and 75th
Infantry Divisions.
Battle of Le Selle River, near St. Souplet, France, October 17, 1918. The 3d British Corps, the 9th
British Corps and the 10th French Army participated. Opposed to the Americans were the German
204th, 243d and 24th Infantry Divisions, the 3d Naval Division and the 15th Rifle Division.
Battle of Jonc de Mer Ridge, near Arbre Guernon, France, October 18, 1918. The same Allied
forces participated and were opposed by the same German divisions.
Major engagement of Vierstraat Ridge, near Mt. Kemmel, Belgium, August 31 to September 2,
1918. This was an advance to occupy this ridge and Mt. Kemmel, the enemy keeping up rear
guard actions. The 34th British Division and the British 2d Army participated. The German
236th, 8th and 52d Infantry Divisions opposed.
Major engagement of the Knoll, Guillemont farm and Quennemont farm, near Bony, France,
September 27, 1918. This was a prehminary fight by the 106th Regiment to gain the outworks
of the Hindenburg Line, preparatory to the following grand attack. They were unassisted and
the German 54th, 121st and 185th Infantry Divisions, the 75th Rifle Division and the 2d Guard
Division opposed.
Major engagement of St. Maurice River, near Catillon, France, October 19, 20, 1918. This was
an advance following the two days' battle cleaning up the machine gun nests to the river. The
British 3d and 9th Corps participated. Opposing were the German 204th, 243d, 24th Infantry
Divisions and the 15th Rifle Division.
Minor action of East Popei-inghe line, Belgium, July 9 to August 20, 1918. This was the prep-
aration of the second line of defense behind Mt. Kemmel in anticipation of the German attack.
Artillery fire was constant. Various divisions of Prince Rupprecht's army opposed.
Minor action of the Dickebusch sector, Belgium, August 21 to 30, 1918. This was when the
Division was moved to the front in anticipation of the same attack. The .same German forces
were facing them.
The regiment was in reserve when the Armistice was signed.
BxjFFALO's Part in the World War 289
CHAPTER LXXX
ON A FIELD OF CARNAGE DONOVAN FELL
BUFFALO was well represented in the fighting which carried the battle line across the Meuse
at Sedan and ended the war. Lieut. Col. Donovan's 165th Regiment had .swept over the last
remaining hills on the west side of the Meuse, and the 77th Division, with its hundreds of
brave Buffalo boys, crossed the river in the same territory a little to the south of Sedan.
In the drive toward the Meuse about the middle of October Colonel Donovan fell on the hill-
side seriously hurt by a machine gun bullet which tore through his knee. The American forces
at that time were lacking in experienced leadership and the loss of the Lieut. Colonel was a hard
blow to his men. Though suffering intense pain and in need of immediate medical care, Donovan
refused to leave the field, but continued directing the battle from a dugout with fearless runners
carrying messages to his majors. He described those late October days in a letter to his wife,
saying:
Wednesday, October 23, 1919.
"A machine gun bullet at the knee just below the joint. A clean wound through from front to rear. A hole in the tibia —
a splinter from that hole extending downward for two and a half inches — in bed in a Paris hospital. There you have it.
American Red Cross No. 3, Jp Place Chevreuse.
"I wrote you last, did I not, from the Bois de Montfaucon? We were suddenly ordered forward to relieve another
Division, the 1st. The same old jumble of troops and camions and trains on the road, only now the roads more slippery
and more in need of repair. Our way led past freshly killed and yet unburied Germans, through unmistakable smell
of dead horses to a farm in a valley where we parked our wagons and disposed of our men. The farm house had been
used as a dressing station for one of the regiments of the other division. Outside was a huge collection of torn and
bloody litters, broken salvaged equipment, reddened underclothing and discarded uniforms, all of our own men — •
the cast off of the dead and wounded. Within, however, was a nice fat Y. M. C. A. man in a suit of blue overalls
and a sombrero. He was in attendance at a big cauldron of cocoa while on a stand beside him was bread and, best
of all, beef. There could have been no better meal. They then arranged a bed in one of the ambulances into which
the Colonel and I crawled. I slept until 6 and then met the Battalion commanders and their company commanders
and went forward for a reconnaissance. We met the liaison officer of the other division and he apportioned the various
liaison agents to our groups. I talked with the Colonel of the 18th and took over his cellar for our colonel. Then I
went up to the position we were to occupy.
"The division preceding us had a terrific fight just three days before and the ground was a stew of dead — Boche
and American. One attack had evidently been made in the morning mist and as it cleared an entire company was
caught on a little rise. The bodies were laid out in rows. It was easy to determine the formation and the plans of the
different leaders. In one hole we found a wounded German who had lain there three days afraid to come out — •
in another, a wounded German and wounded American who had crawled to the same hole, shared their water and
cigarettes, and then, rolling into the German's blanket, had gone to sleep. If we read that in a story book we would
not have believed it. I then went over the position.
"The support line was in rear of a long ridge running some 3 kilometers. This was the ridge the Germans had
held commanding the valley. I went to their machine gun positions. Gun after gun was there with the gunners
lying beside them, dead. From these positions I could look back across the valley and then it was easy to see how
heavy a toll could be demanded for entrance there. Over this ridge and into the next valley. Here the Germans
had a prison camp. The shacks of the officers had been on the northern slope of the ridge and had evidently been
well equipped. Now they were shell broken, full of gas, and in pitiful disorder. Near some of them were the bloody
torn bodies of what were evidently orderlies. In the valley itself were the prison buildings similar to all such in all
armies. The wooden shacks with bunks and small bit of land enclosed with barbed wire some ten feet high. On the
other side of the valley were two knolls which were the westerly continuation of the ridge you have read about as
the Cote de Chatillion. This was our advanced position.
"That afternoon we commenced our relief and at nightfall I went up and established my Post of Command on
the long ridge. I slept two hours that night under a shelter tent and except for a few telephone interruptions had
a good rest. With the telephone lying beside you it is not bad. I was on, as were all the men, the reverse slope, well
under the top. Our only danger was from splinters. Up here we pulled all the kitchens and were set.
"Two nights of this and then early on the morning of the 14th we received orders that the attack would be made
in the morning. There was a multitude of things to do and the orders coming so late they could not be done properly.
The brigade on our right was to advance first, all the guns being concentrated to assist it. Then two hours later all
the guns were to concentrate to help us. The party started. I moved to the forward position which they were shelUng
290 Buffalo's Part in the World War
heavily. I could see no advance on our right. Our hour struck and promptly the leading battalion moved out. The
Germans at once put down a heavy barrage and swept the hill we had to climb with indirect machine gun fire. The
advance did not go well. There were green company commanders with the companies; liaison was not maintained;
the barrage was not followed closely; there was not enough punch. There were times when I had to march at the
head of the companies to get them forward. They would follow me. New men need some visible symbol of authority.
I could see nothing coming up on our right or left. They were crowding in, the resistance was becoming stronger.
The preparation had been hurried, proper instructions had not been sent; officers had been killed or wounded, N. C.
Os. the same; vast quantities of new untrained elements. We fought our way to within 500 meters of the line. You
know the Germans were entrenched with three parallels of wire and a position they proposed holding. The attack
as is always the case, finally languished. I sent for another battalion. It was late in arriving and in coming into
position. Not until 8 P. M. did I get it across, but it too was beaten back. Orders then came to stabilize for the
night. I was in a little shell hole with my telephone operation. For mess I had an onion, which was delicious and raw,
and two pieces of hardtack. At 1 A. M. the telephone went out and it was impossible to get in touch with the rear.
Patrols were sent out to tie with elements on our right and left. I knew an attack would come in the morning, but
I had no orders. I did not know how or where it would be launched, what artillery preparation, nothing. The night
passed only too quickly. I sent back for food but the lieutenant with his party never returned. Ammunition came up
and then at 6.20 the orders for an attack at 7.30. With such short notice it was impossible to get proper word to
all units and to make the best disposition. A heavy mist was hanging. I went around to the men and talked to
them. All of this was close to the German line. We had gained two kilometers the first day, the 14th, I should not
have been there but remained so because it would have had a bad effect on the men if I had taken position further
in rear.
Tanks were to be near to help us. Zero hour came but no tanks, so we started anyway. I had walked to the dif-
ferent units and was coming back to the telephone when — smash, I felt as if somebody had hit me on the back of the
leg with a spiked club. I fell like a log, but after a few minutes managed to crawl into my little telephone hole. A
machine gun lieutenant ripped open my breeches and put on the first aid. The leg hurt, but there were many things
to be done. The tanks then came along the road but almost immediately turned back either on account of smashed
mechanism or wounded drivers. The situation was bad. There was more defense than we thought and the battalion
wa.s held up. Messengers I sent through were killed or wounded and messages remained undelivered. We were
shelled heavily. Beside me three men were blown up and I was showered with the remnants of their bodies. No
communication with the rear as the telephone was still out. Gas was then thrown at us, thick and nasty. Five hours
passed. I was getting very groggy but managed to get a message through, withdrawing the unit on the line and
putting another in place. Then they carried me back in a blanket. I told them to put me down but they said they
were willing to take a chance. It was a tough hike. At last the shelter of a hill. I turned things over to the major,
turned in a report, and then was taken on my way to the hospital.*
"I will tell you in detail just what is done with human baggage from the first aid station on.
"At the battalion first aid station they tied a tag to me —
Lt. Col. W. J. Donovan,
G. S. W. right knee,
Corbet, M. O.
meaning I had received a gun shot wound in the right knee. From there I was carried on a stretcher about 1 ' 2 kilo-
meters to the Regimental dressing station where my wound was dressed and I was placed in an ambulance. A tough
3 kilometers ride over shell-torn roads to the Field Hospital. I was hauled out and placed on the ground. It then
being determined that there was no immediate need of an operation I was sent on to the Mobile Unit. This was
about 4 kilometers further .back, and all these rides were damned uncomfortable.
*Washington, June 4th t Associated Press). — A bronze oak leaf cluster, to be worn with the distinguished service cross already awarded him, has
just been awarded to Colonel William J. Donovan of the 165th Infantry, whose home is at No. 734 Delaware Avenue, Buffalo. The announcement
of the War Department to-day states that the award is made for extraordinary heroism in action near Landres and St. Georges, France, October
14-15, 1918. The distinguished service cross was awarded Colonel Donovan August 28, 1918. In explanation of the award of the oak leaf cluster,
the War Department said:
"Colonel Donovan personally led the assaulting wave in an attack upon a very strongly-organized position and. when our troops were
sutTering heavy casualties, encouraged all near him by his example, moving among his men in exposed positions, reorganizing decimated platoons
and accompanying them forward in attacks. When he was wounded in the leg by a machine-gun bullet, he refused to be evacuated and con-
tinued with his unit until it withdrew to a less exposed position."
From Buffalo Courier, March 9, 1919. — "There is no braver man in the army than Colonel Donovan." said Lieutenant Betty, "and he is no
'dugout commander,' but a man who took his medicine. I went out from the United States as a casual officer and was later assigned to the 165th
Infantry, and was at Colonel Donovan's side when he fell.
"It was on the morning of October 15th, and we were looking at a map of the battlefield. The tanks were coming up and it was the attack
on the German's last line. We were pushing them back.
"A Hun machine-gun sniper got Colonel Donovan in the knee. The bullet made a terrible wound and he went down, but at once rallied
despite the pain.
"We wanted to carry him back to a dressing station, but he refused to go. We coaxed him to no avail. We could see he was suffering, but
he just would not give up. Finally, after five hours of the lighting, during which he was directing his troops all of the time, he consented to be
taken back. Even then he went away on the stretcher protesting that he ought to stay.
"Since that I have seen him once in a hospital in Paris, and. of course, have heard he is back with the troops."
From New York Heralel. — "Colonel Donovan," said Sergeant O'Brien, in discussing his old commander, "was, in my opinion, and the opinion
of every man in the command, the finest soldier in France.
"Other men may think it was Pershing or General Foch, but I will always hold to my opinion. I was in the old regiment for a number of
years, and went through the entire training period with it at C'amp Mills, and was in every 'show' from the early days last winter until the armi-
Buffalo's Part in the World War 291
"At this hospital I was talven in during a pounding rain. They toolc a complete record of my name, regiment,
rank, nature and date of wound. Then they stripped me and rubbed me over with a warm sponge. It being the
first in many days it was very welcome. Then the anti-tetanus injection. Then on a stretcher and put in a row in
the waiting room off the operating room awaiting my turn. I waited there and with eyes closed tried to get a little
repose. I heard someone say ' Hello, Colonel ' and beside me was an enlisted man from my old battalion who was a
runner and who had been hurt after me.
"Placed on the operating table they saw no need for an operation and putting my leg in a splint turned me into
a ward. I was put between sheets. — Think of it! Beside me was an officer shot through the stomach and dying,
across two officers coming out of ether and asking the nurse to hold their hands or smooth their brows. In the next
ward a bedlam of delerium.
"I was surprised to find Bill Wood, brother of Chalmers. Bill Wood was with me in college and is here as a chaplain.
" Early in the morning the man next me died still calling for his wife and children.
"Pancakes for breakfast and then prepared for evacuation. Our cards containing our history were attached, and
we were loaded into ambulances and sent to Evacuation No. 10. It was in a pouring rain and the road was terrific.
I had with me several badly wounded officers who groaned the whole time, and I was not very comfortable, myself,
so that on the road things were not happy.
"At the Evacuation Hospital we were handled like pieces of freight. Put on a rack, and when your turn came put
in front of a checker who carefully noted your record. Then to bed. I was given a room. I was in an old French
barracks hospital. The nurse was a sister of Rose, the hammer thrower, and looked to me husky enough to handle
any of us.
"Two days here, the hospital overflowing, and then we were put on a French train, sixteen of us, officers and men
in a car. The stretchers and slings were most uncomfortable. We had coffee without milk, canned corn, beef heated,
and nothing else. I passed it all and dug up some Y. M. C. A. crackers I had been saving. We had a French orderly
on the train. An old Breton, most obliging. He knew no French yet always knew what the men wanted. All night
long this patient fellow worked, always awake and always smiling.
"Early in the morning we arrived here. I have a room with another officer. This was once the American some-
thing club. A club for American girls studying art. It is in the Latin Quarter. The food is good and wholesome,
the nurses are not beautiful but nice and competent. My floor is full of generals and colonels, the two other floors
captains, majors and lieutenants."
As soon as Lieutenant-Colonel Donovan's leg healed he rejoined his regiment which had gone
to Coblenz with the Army of Occupation after the signing of the Armistice. He was there com-
missioned a Colonel of the regiment which fought so gallantly behind him and which he so bravely
led.
stice was signed, and I know a soldier when I see one. Company D>my company, was in Donovan's battalion, when he was a major, and I had an
opportunity of knowing him pretty well.
"We used to discuss him between ourselves and not one man disagreed in the opinion that he would make a record. I have seen him advanc-
ing with men in places he had no right to be, and there were times when we believed it would be his last fight. I have seen him throw his arms around
the shoulder of some youngster who was receiving his first 'dose of medicine' from the Hun, and say: 'Buck up, old timer; you are not going
to let those Dutchmen lick you, are vou? ' Maybe it was the way he said it, but, believe me, a word like that from him, and you would go through
hell.
"I have seen him jump right ahead of a shattered company that had lost all its officers, reorganize it, and lead it into the line again. He was
always doing things Hke that, and smiling while he was doing it. I noticed in a paper one day an item about Colonel Donovan, and it referred
to him as 'Wild Bill.' That's dead wrong. He's the coolest man I have ever met. But, what made a hit with the men was, he was always a
gentleman, and I want to say right now that he's the finest gentleman and the best soldier in the American army."
The citation on page 1 of General Orders, No. 99, War Department, 1918, relating to Major WilHam J. Donovan, is rescinded and the following
substituted therefor:
William J. Donovan, Colonel, IfiSth Infantry. He led his battalion across the river Ourcq and captured important enemy strongholds near
Villers-sur-Fere, France, on July 28-31, 1918. He was in advance of the division for four days, all the while under shell and machine-gun fire from
the enemy, who were on three sides of him, and he was repeatedly and persistently counter-attacked, being wounded twice. His coolness, courage
and efficient leadership rendered possible the maintenance of this position.
For extraordinary heroism in action near Landres and St. Georges, France, October 14-15, 1918, Colonel Donovan is awarded a bronze oak-leaf
cluster to be worn with the distinguished service cross. He personally led the assaulting wave in an attack upon a very strongly organized position,
and when our troops were suffering heavy casualties encouraged all near him by his example, moving among his men in exposed positions, reorgan-
izing decimated platoons, and accompanying them forward in attacks. When he was wounded in the leg by a machine-gun bullet, he refused
to be evacuated and continued with his unit until it withdrew to a less exposed position. Home address: Mrs. Ruth Rumsey Donovan, wife,
742 Delaware Avenue, Buffalo, N. Y.
292 Buffalo's Part in the World War
CHAPTER LXXXI
PUTTING THE LAST ONE OVER WITH THE OLD 65th.
ON October 23d the 106th Field Artillery was on the move to take its position behind the
79th on the east side of the Meuse. They continued in support until the Armistice was
signed, virtually firing up until 11 A. M. on the 11th day of November. Captain Gilchriese
concludes his story, continued from chapter LXXVIII:
"The following afternoon (October 23d) at 3 P. M. we started on the long march into posi-
tion behind the 79th Division. As it grew dark early we were perfectly safe in moving at that
time. We did not clear the woods for an hour, and by the time we were well under way on the
Verdun highway it was growing dark. We passed under the shadow of the mighty citadel of
Verdun and then turned north towards Thiville. As we were clearing Verdun, the fact that we
were in the front again was brought home to us by the old familiar w-h-e-e-e of an "arrive."
One huge Austrian gun continued to pound out hate on that impregnable old fortress, but it
never did much damage.
"Arriving in Charny we had to wait until 8 P. M. before we could cross the River Meuse at
that place. All crossings of the river are well regulated by the military police, and, as it was cus-
tomary for Jerry to bombard them at intervals when he thought they were well loaded, of course
we regulated our traffic accordingly. It was while waiting thus in Charny that we were informed
that Austria had quit. It certainly was inspiring news. Everyone was more than ever anxious
to get back to work and show the Hun what a 'fat' chance he had. We arrived in our new
position on October 29th."
Corporal Arthur B. Finkelstein, company clerk of Battery E, on November 1st, was taking
the payroll to the front fine to be signed by the men when a shell landed in the road and blew
off his leg. He tried to crawl away but another shell come over, this time filling him with shrapnel,
which caused his death. Captain Grabau. medical man of the regiment, tried everything in his
power to save him, going out under shell fire. He, also, was wounded.
Cornelius Driscoll, another Buffalo man, gave up his life there, being burned to death at an
ammunition dump.
To resume Captain Gilchriese's narrative: "November 4th, in addition to our regularly
scheduled shoots, we plastered Jerry all over the country, picking out first a wagon train on the
road ; then a column of artillery or troops moving out. Jerry was leaving the sector as fast as
American artillery would let him. You see we were not particularly anxious to have him quit
at this time — at least not until we had given him a good licking.
"The next day, November 5th, we caught another battery, and this time with the aid of a
balloon and ground observer we actually saw him busted up. Later when he tried to get a gun
out of position we were waiting and gave it to him j^roperly. The observers reported several
casualties among the working party.
"That same afternoon, during continuous attacking by our infantry, the German division
attempted a counter attack. While he was massing his troops on the famous Trench de la Saucette
we were laying our guns on this same trench, in response to the urgent call from the infantry.
Just about the time that he was ready to attack, a shower of heavy artillery shells landed on the
trench. We could not see the result, of course, as it was defiladed from our view but when the
infantry took the trench the next morning they said it was strewn with dead Germans. We were
mentioned in orders for this and complimented by the Generals concerned for the accuracy and
rapidity of our fire. The counter attack blew up in a fizzle.
"The next morning at 7.45, we gave it to him again. The 79th Division was attacking. At
10.30 and again at 11.00 we were called on to put machine gun ne.sts out for them which we did
with great alacrity.
Buffalo's Part in the World War 293
"November 9th, two days before the eventful 11th, we moved forward again to the last posi-
tion we were destined to occupy on this front. Of course it was raining; it always was when
the battalion moved. And what a position! Our road led through the well known Death Valley,
made passable during the last few days by the advance of our infantry. We pushed up into the
ravine below Ormont Farm into the most desolate looking place I had ever seen. The sides of
the road were torn to pieces; refuse, salvage piles of all sorts were scattered along the route;
dead, both enemy and American, were to be seen everywhere and everything was ruins. Our
infantry had just advanced two days before and the burial parties had not yet caught up with
their work. It was quite gruesome. The search for a battalion command post was a problem.
The only available dugouts were absolutely untenable, being filled with refuse and dead. In
addition, they were far up on the slope of a wooded hill, which although desirable from some
aspects, was not as easily accessible. By nightfall, however, we had ousted some transient engi-
neers from their comfortable elephant iron shelters and, by virtue of our rank, we occupied them.
Several dead had to be buried the next morning, but these things were becoming second nature
to the men of the detail.
"Having spent the night in the rain and mud, running telephone lines and placing the guns in
position for the next shoot, we prepared the position for defense the next morning This was
Sunday, November the 10th, and I will long remember it as a red letter day. It may be interest-
ing to note here that even at that late date the enemy had not quit fighting, for at four in the
morning several shells of heavy calibre landed in our vicinity, one of which sprayed our little
shelter with stones and debris. At 6 A. M. we made coffee from water drawn from a friendly
shell hole.
" On scheduled time our guns began. I could have wept for joy. Sitting at the telephone, one
of the aids reported our progress as it was reported to him from the front lines, and then at four-
twenty, we lifted the Cote Romange, far in advance of our doughboys and in the main line of
enemy resistance. The attack was made successfully and with very little loss, and the infantry
reported our fire had been very destructive. During the night and again on the morning of Novem-
ber 11th we were called on by our infantry brigade, with the result that we were firing on the
Hun almost up to the very hour of the cessation of hostilities.
"I may not mention the casualties other than to say that they were very light. We only had
three men killed, and not a great number wounded. During our two months in action, the regi-
ment fired a total of 33,036 rounds amounting to a total weight of 3,072,348 pounds. Our record
is excellent, we have received the commendation of superior oflScers, from our army corps com-
mander down."
The 102d Trench Mortar Battery kept company with the 106th in its course through the
Meuse-Argonne battle.
That battery was composed mostly of old I Troop men. Its duty was to dig in on the front
line and harass the German machine gun nests through the medium of Newton-Stokes six-inch
trench mortars. The record of the battery is remarkable. While supporting the 33d Division,
one of its feats was to wipe out completely the town of Hauremont, on the Etrey Road, north
of Verdun, where a machine gun nest had seriously impeded the progress of the infantry. Three
shots got the location and the next four cleared the path for the Illinois Division to break the
Kriemhild-Stellung line. The battery did not serve with the infantry of the 27th Division, but
was in co-operation with the artillery throughout. Although units of the 27th Division, neither
the old 65th nor old Troop I served with the Division. They were in the American sector through
all the activities of the American Expeditionary Force.
294 Buffalo's Part in the World War
CHAPTER LXXXII
GENERAL PERSHING'S STORY OF THE FINAL DAYS
ON October 18th, Grand Pre was completely in the hands of the 78th Division. The 77th
had broken down its outer defenses, and, according to their own historians had actually
taken the town. The 78th Division claims the 77th didn't take a lamp post in Grand Pre.
The claims of the 78th are not easily dismissed. On the right, the 82d Division had moved up and
had taken the town of Champigneulles. From the 18th of October to the 1st of November there
was no general advance on that part of the American front. The time was occupied in local attacks,
raiding parties and patrols. Many men lost their lives in those adventures, and a number of
Buffalo boys distinguished themselves during that period. On November 1st the 78th was joined
by the 77th. For the second time in the Argonne offensive the last named Division was sent
into the front line.
The big operation which finally wiped out the Bois de Loges and carried the Americans for-
ward forty kilometers, w^as started on November 1st with the 77th and 78th sweeping ahead,
side by side. Just before the big attack the 77th was brought up from the rest area, where the
men had been putting in about six hours a day drilling, and was placed in reserv^e to fill up a gap
as the line moved up. The 78th's artillery was put in as support.
Two days before the attack the 153d Brigade fired every gun at the barrage rate of 200 rounds
per hour for seven hours, combing through a great forest on the left flank as part of the preparation.
At zero hour the 78th stepped off from Grand Pre and in front of the Bois de Loges. Machine
guns stopped one brigade temporarily as these "typewriters" belched their spit of death, but a
little artillery concentration fixed that patch of woods.
One of the first men killed as they stepped off that morning was a Buffalo boy, Private Curtiss
T. Hibbard, D Company, 311th Infantry. His home was at 98 Gelston Street. Hibbard faced
the machine gunners who had not been reached by the barrage and died firing.
An interesting account of the last drive of the 78th Division was sent home by Private Shanahan
of G Company, 311th Infantry, November 12th, 1918:
"We were in a valley at the foot of the last wooded hill of the famous Argonne Woods. Here
on the last hill the Germans placed their all. Dotted here and there, every few yards, were
machine guns; also many machine-gun snipers located in the trees. We established our lines
along the ridge of this hill. We had remained here for eight days, and during that time I was
obliged to work both day and night. During the first four days or ninety-six hours I had but five
hours' sleep. This is almost unbelievable. During the day we helped carry the wounded to the
first aid, also ammunition and what food we could procure, and during the night stood guard or
sentry duty, holding the lines with the Germans within hearing distance. We held these lines
until it was our turn to go over the top again.
"Well, to make it short, we were tired out the morning of our last trip, which I believe was the
worst top in the pi'esent war. We were called together at the foot of the hill at 1.00 A. M. and were
told by our officers we would hear within two hours the greatest barrage in history, which was
in progress along the entire front. The barrage started at 3.00 A. M. and lasted for many hours.
During the barrage we made preparations for our last trip over the top. We filled oui- canteens
with muddy water and were glad to find this water; shell-holes which collect the rain are the means
of our drinking water at times. We also greased our bodies for protection, or rather relief, from
mustard gas, as we expected much gas, having a tough section of the front and the Germans were
not going to give it up without a battle. For a stretch of many miles in back of this last hill was
nothing but the smooth plains or farm land of beautiful Alsace-Lorraine. We had, as we expected,
our toughest battle, the Germans had their machine guns lined up everywhere; we began at 5.00
A. M. and fought until 6.00 P. M. We shot many shells at them and my i-ifie was hot from the
Buffalo's Part in the World War
295
Doughboys Shouting for Joy as Annistiee is Signed
heat of the continual fire. We lost many men again and this time several boys from Buffalo,
among them Sergeant Gies,* Private Kuhnkie, Monsees, Sawyerf and a few more who resided in
the Black Rock section of Bufl'alo. There are but two lads that I know or rather from our locality
in Buffalo, with me — Jim Morgan and Ed. Nolan; they are both well. After driving the greater
part of the Germans a few hundred yards away and killing the most of them it was about 6 o'clock,
or dark. We established ourselves on the spot and jumped into the dug-outs the Germans occupied
but an hour ago, and there, with our own dead lads and very many Germans lying about, was
our temporary line. We threw hand grenades at the Germans and blew up many of their machine
guns. We started after them again the next morning and found — they had 'flown the coop'."
The 78th had become a combat division of considerable driving power. It had lost many men,
but had made an exceptionally creditable record, and won commendation from corps and divi-
sional commanders.
Just before the "jump off" in the final drive to the Meuse, Corporal Robert D. Lewis of Buffalo,
won the Distinguished Service Cross, near Grand Pre. His citation reads:
"Corporal Robert D. Lewis, Company M, 311th Infantry, A. S. No. 174967B. For extraordinary heroism in action near Grand Pre, France,
October 27, 1918. After his company had reached its objective. Corporal Lewis rendered valuable assistance in organizing positions on ground
swept by enemy fire. Alone, he flanked a machine gun position and captured two prisoners. While patroling between the outposts he was
wounded by machine gun fire."
Corporal Lewis is the son of Mrs. Elizabeth Parker No. 215 Gold street.
1918.
♦"Company G, 311th Infantry, American Expeditionary Force, November ;
"Mrs. Matilda Gies, 364 East Street, Buffalo, N. Y.
"My dear Mrs. Gies. — This is the first opportunity I have had to express to you my heart-felt sympathy with you at the death of your son,
Sergeant Walter E. Gies.
_" Your son died bravely in the last big American Drive. He died in pursuing retreating Boche, and before his death assisted in the attack
which drove six German machine guns from a wooded crest. For his bravery under fire, I have recommended the awarding of the Distinguished
Service Cross. You may well be proud of his record as a soldier and as a man.
"His memory will live forever among the men of his Company. I feel his loss not only from a military, but also from a personal standpoint.
He was one of my best boys and we mourn his loss. "Very sincerely yours,
W. I. Emerson. Captain 311th Infantry."
t" France, February 27, 1919.
"My dear Miss Gibsoji. — Received your letter to-day and am answering it immediately. Bill (William Eugene) Sawyer, Company G, 311th
Infantry, was a very close friend of mine, and I am very sorry to tell you that the reports you have heard of his death are true. Bill was killed
in action at Grand Pre, France, about the first of November. He and another fellow had hopped into a dugout on the front lines when a shell
burst at the entrance. A flying piece of shrapnel hit Bill in the head and, also killed his comrade. I was talking to one of the lads of our Company
to-day who buried Bill — so you see there is no doubt. We lost a great many Buffalo boys there. Bill, like the rest of them, was game to the last.
Not only myself, but all the rest of our Company extend our svmpathv. Tell his mother he did his dutv and did it well." (Letter from Private
Leo F. Green, 2nd Bn. Supply Company, 31 1th Infantry.)
296 Buffalo's Part in the World War
No one had to "stand and take it" in a heavier way in the Argonne than the members of the
Military Pohce. On the cross roads, always heavily shelled, they were obliged to direct traffic
and never had a friendly shell hole in which to seek cover. Lieutenant Scott, a popular Buffalo
boy who had won a commission at the Officers' Training Camp was killed while on duty with
the 2d Division, on November 1, 1918. The commander's report follows:
HEADQUARTERS SECOND DIVISION (REGULAR) AMERICAN EXPEDITIONARY FORCES
"Germany, December 20, 1918.
"My dear Mrs. Scott. — It is my painful duty to write to you concerning the details of the death of your gallant husband, 1st Lieutenant Fay
M. Scott, 2nd Military Police Company. He was killed by shell fire at 3.40 A. M., November 1, 1918, just north of Fleville, on the main high-
road between Varrennes and Buzancy. The traffic was very heavy that night, in preparation for the attack on the following morning, and your
husband had been working along this road all night. The road was under continuous artillery fire a large part of the time, and was frequently
bombed by hostile airplanes. Sergeant Henry Ballard, 2nd Military Police Company, was with him at the time he was killed. He was buried by
Chaplain J. N. Pierce, of Division Headquarters, in the American military cemetery in Fleville. His grave is marked by a wooden cross, with
his name upon it.
"Your husband was an able officer, and was greatly esteemed and beloved by his comrades-in-arms.
"Your sincere friend, John A. Lejeune,
Major GtncraU V. S. M. C, Commanding."
Corporal Bateman, 133 Livingston Street, distinguished himself in the closing days of the war
while his division (77th) was driving the Boche toward Sedan. The official citation of his bravery
tells the story:
"Corporal Henry Bateman, Headquarters Company. 307th Infantry. For extraordinary heroism in action near St. Pierremont, France,
November 4, 1918. After passing through a heavily bombarded area Corporal Bateman learned that a soldier of his platoon had been wounded
and had fallen in the shelled area. He at once volunteered and went back for him, assisted in bringing him to a place of safety and later helped
to carry him through another shelled area to the first-aid station."
The 153d Artillery Brigade (78th Division), made up largely of Western New Yorkers, won
much commendation for its work in the Meuse-Argonne offensive and was chosen to lead off the
big barrage in the final phase.
The plans for the attack on November 1st were most carefully made, and a schedule of advance
was laid down. One regiment of Seventy-fives of the brigade was to limber up and move out
of its old positions at four hours after H hour, and two battalions of the heavy regiment were to
pack on their B. G.-5 powder and hike forward at five hours after H hour. The infantry was to
have cleared the way by that time.
A knowledge of the topography of the ten-ain, to use military language, is necessary to com-
prehend what happened that morning. All the old battery positions were behind a hill, but the
road to be followed in the movement forward twisted around the shoulder of this hill through a
little town called Senuc, and into direct observation from the enemy — that is, in direct observa-
tion unless the infantry had moved the enemy.
According to schedule the 307th Field Artillery limbered up and took the road, followed by
the other units, with Major B. G.-5 Wilder in the lead. Rounding the turn at a trot, as prescribed
in open warfare, this artillery stepped face to face with the Boche.
It is a tradition of the brigade that it never took a backward step, although the situation pre-
sented a fine opportunity for a panic, with guns and ammunition wagons and trucks clustered
as a target. The batteries went into positions along the Aire River without any attempt to camou-
flage, and combed the Bois de Loges with a fire that put the fear of God into the Boche machine
gunners and permitted the infantry to advance. There were some losses, but shortly the Hun
went back so fast it was impossible for the infantry to keep up with him.
The ammunition trucks of the 303d Ammunition Train were right up with the artillery, carry-
ing a day's fire for the brigade, which is 300 rounds per gun for the 75s and 150 rounds per gun
for the 155s.
The 77th, 42d, 2d, 89th, 90th and 5th Divisions were in the front line then as replacements
for tired fighters. This was the second trip up to the front for several of the divisions. General
Pershing tells of the final phase of this offensive and of the war:
"With comparatively well-rested divisions, the final advance in the Meuse-Argonne front was
begun on November 1st. Our increased artillery force acquitted itself magnificently in support
of the advance, and the enemy broke before the determined infantry, which, by its persistent
fighting of the past weeks and the dash of this attack, had overcome his will to resist. The Third
Buffalo's Part in the World War
297
Gun that Fired the Last Shot
Corps took Aincreville, Doulcon, and Andevanne, and the Fifth Corps took Landres et St. Georges
and pressed through successive hnes of resistance to Bayonville and Chennery. On the 2d the
First Corps joined in the movement, which now became an impetuous onslaught that could not
be stayed.
"On the 3d advance troops surged forward in pursuit, some by motor trucks, while the artillery
pressed along the country roads close behind. The First Corps reached Authie and Chatillon-
Sur-Bar, the Fifth Corps, Fosse and Nouart, and the Third Corps Halles, penetrating the enemy's
line to a depth of 12 miles. Our large calibre guns had advanced and were skillfully brought
into position to fire upon the important lines at Montmedy, Longuyon, and Conflans. Our Third
Corps crossed the Meuse on the 5th and the other corps, in the full confidence that the day was
theirs, eagerly cleared the way of machine guns as they swept northward, maintaining complete
coordination throughout. On the 6th, a division of the First Corps (42d Division) reached a
point on the Meuse opposite Sedan, 25 miles from our line of departure. The strategical goal
which was our highest hope was gained. We had cut the enemy's main line of communications,
and nothing but surrender or an armistice could save his army from complete disaster.
" In all 40 enemy divisions had been used against us in the Meuse- Argonne Battle. Between
September 26th and November 6th we took 26,059 prisoners and 468 guns on this front. Our
Divisions engaged were the 1st, 2d, 3d, 4th, 5th, 26th, 28th, 29th, 32d, 33d, 35th, 37th, 42d, 77th,
78th, 79th, 80th, 82d, 89th, 90th, and 91st. Many of our divisions remained in line for a length
of time that required nerves of steel, while others were sent in again after only a few days of
rest. The 1st, 5th, 26th, 42d, 77th, 80th, 89th, and 90th were in the line twice. Although some
of the divisions were fighting their first battle, they soon became equal to the best.
"On the three days preceding November 10th, the Third, the Second Colonial, and the Seven-
teenth French Corps, fought a difficult struggle through the Meuse Hills south of Stenay and
forced the enemy into the plain. Meanwhile, my plans for further use of the American forces
298 Buffalo's Part in the World War
contemplated an advance between the Meuse and the Moselle in the direction of Longwy by the
First Army, while, at the same time, the Second Army should assume the offensive toward the
rich iron fields of Briey. These operations were to be followed by an offensive toward Chateau-
Salins east of the Moselle, thus isolating Metz. Accordingly, attacks on the American front had
been ordered and that of the Second Army was in progress on the morning of November 11th,
when instructions were received that hostilities should cease at 11 o'clock A. M.
"At this moment the line of the American sector, from right to left, began at Port-Sur-Seille,
thence across the Moselle to Vandieres and through the Woevre to Bezonvaux in the foothills
of the Meuse, thence along to the foothills and through the northern edge of the Woevre forests
to the Meuse at Mouzay, thence along the Meuse connecting with the French under Sedan."
Buffalo's Part in the World War 299
CHAPTER LXXXIII
BUFFALO TANK CORPS FIGHTERS— "TREAT 'EM ROUGH"
WHEN America entered the war the "Tank" as an instrument of warfare was not in general
use in the American Army. Barbed wire entrenchments, serious impediments to an
offensive, required the invention of some means of destruction. The manufacture of tanks
then began. American-made tanks were rapidly coming to hand in France at the time the Armi-
stice was signed, but few, if any American tanks had been used during the war. Some Buffalo
boys, however, saw service in the Tank Corps, using "baby" French machines, their branch of
the service being referred to as the "Treat 'em Rough" crew.
Seven Buffalo boys picked up at Camp Dix were assigned in France to the 304th Brigade,
Tank Corps, U. S. A. They served with the Fourth French Army Corps until relieved on the 10th
of September, and were then attached to the First American Army Corps, being assigned for
service in the Meuse-Argonne campaign.
The 77th Division was attached to the First Army Corps, but a complete reconnaissance of
the front included between the "Foret D'Argonne and the Bois de Cheppy" revealed that tanks
could not enter into the work cut out for the 77th Division. It was determined that the character
of the terrain east of the Aire River and adjacent to it was the least unfavorable ground in the
area for the use of tanks, and since tanks were to be used they should be used on that front.
The Coips included three tank battalions, each battalion consisting of three combat companies
and one headquarters company and one repair and salvage company. In all 169 tanks were sent
to the Argonne front. The first groups arrived at the detraining point on the night of September
17th; the last group on the 23d, detraining under shell fire. The detraining point was a station
yard at Clermont. The tanks containing the Buffalo boys were assigned to attack with the 35th
Division. Their point of departure was a small wood about four kilometers north of Avancourt
Farm.
Due to the serious resistance encountered along the eastern edge of the Forest, especially in
the vicinity of Cheppy and Varrennes, and due to the lack of support of the infantry in that
section all the tanks had entered into action before evening of the fii'st day. Colonel Patton was
injured while getting the tanks forward and rallying disorganized infantrymen. The resistance
encountered during the day was severe. The tanks, however, succeeded in reducing numerous
machine gun nests which had proven troublesome and sometimes fatal to the infantry ad-
vance. The first tanks reached Varrennes at 9.30 A. M., but the infantry did not get in until
1.30 in the afternoon. On the morning of the 27th, thirteen tanks of that brigade were out of
action.
Some tanks got off on the west side of the Aire River where the 77th Division was operating,
and, skirting along the edge of the Forest, knocked over a number of machine gun nests; captured
a number of prisoners — all machine gunners. They were turned over to the infantry. On the
morning of the 28th eighty-three tanks were ready for operation, and practically every division
had in a request for tank assistance. The difficulty of the terrain, however, impeded the work
of the tanks, while machine gun nests impeded the advance of the infantry.
The tank leaders report that on September 28th the tanks took the town of Apremont five
times before the infantry would enter, consolidate and exploit the success. The tanks continued
in operation through the entire Argonne fight, and rendered splendid assistance. From October
16th to November 1st, the provisional company remained in reserve at Exermont. On November
1st fifteen tanks took part in the general advance, five being directed against St. Georges and the
balance against Landres-et-St. Georges. The work of the tanks in that advance was commended
highly by the Commanding General of the Second Division, with whom they were then operat-
ing. Three of those tanks penetrated as far as the corps objective, and one entered the northern
300 Buffalo's Part in the World War
outskirts of Buzancy. North of Landres-et-St. Georges three tanks flanked and captured a
battery of 77's complete.
The Buffalo boys assigned to the Tank Corps served through the entire Argonne campaign.
The only Buffalo officer in the American Tank Corps of whom we have a record was Lorenzo
F. Ward of 112 Bird Avenue. Sergeant Frank J. Williams who won the Distinguished Service
Cross served with the British in a battle tank used against the Hindenburg line. Ward went
away from Buffalo with the Selective Service Detachment of September 26th, 1917, proceeding
to Camp Dix where he remained until the following .January, sailing on the U. S. Transport
Huron, arriving at Brest on February 5th. He went across with a casualty company intended
as a replacement for the First Division, but a number of the men were transferred to the 41st
(Sunset) Division. About the middle of February a call was made for volunteers to serve in the
Tank Corps, and seven Buffalo men offered their services out of that Selective Service detach-
ment. Ward being among them. They went into training for tank service immediately and were
so engaged up to about August 20th when the Divisional Brigade Tank Corps was organized. Buffalo
boys with their tanks went into the support of 26th Division on the right at St. Mihiel and later
they moved over to the left of the line where they operated with the 42d Division and the 1st
Regular Army Division. For his services in liaison work at that time. Private Ward was advanced
to the rank of Corporal and he was acting as a runner with Colonel Patton in the early days of
the Argonne Drive, supporting the 77th and 35th Divisions. He was with Colonel Patton at the
time the latter was wounded. In the fighting that followed, while carrying a message as a corps
runner for division headquarters, he was lost within the German lines and spent the time from
10 o'clock one morning until 4 P. M. the following day crawling under brush to bring his message
through. For that service he was promoted to Sergeant on October 24th, and after the armistice
was signed was given charge in moving the Brigade from France to the United States in the
capacity of Sergeant Major, and also had charge of overseeing the work of demobilization. The
Corps was discharged on April 11th, 1919.
M
Buffalo's Part in the World War 301
CHAPTER LXXXIV
HANDLING GAS ON THE WESTERN FRONT
ANY Buffalo and Western New York boys entered the chemical branch of the service,
and most of them were sent either to laboratories for instructions in gas manufacture,
or to the plants where gas was manufactured. One of the largest gas plants was located
at Niagara Falls. While chemical experts were thus employed, it was reserved for Raymond J.
Geitner, chauffeur, 1.55 Lutheran Street and one other Buffalo boy to land in the 1st Gas Regi-
ment. Geitner enhsted August 25th, 1917, as a mechanical chauffeur, and left Buffalo within a
few days for Fort Slocum. He never engaged in any of the duties of a mechanical chauffeur, for
he was sent from Fort Slocum to the American University at Washington and started in with
gas training.
The 1st Gas Regiment was formed there, and, after two months' intensive training, left on
December 25th, 1917, for France. They arrived at Brest on the 9th day of January. 1918, and
went direct to the British front where they went into actual training on the line. The need for
speed was occasioned by the shortage of gas workers and as there were none back of the line,
they were forced to go up to the front to continue their work. There they engaged for two months
in actual warfare on the line, with mustard gas, phosgene gas and a tear gas. They also worked
with thermite burning out machine gun nests. Thermite was used in a shell shot out of a trench
mortar of the Stokes type. They also used TNT.
After working on the line for two months they returned to Lavilla-aux-Boies, about six miles
from Chaumont, where they met Companies C and D of the gas regiment and gave them a train-
ing, returning then to the American sector. The First Gas Regiment was engaged at Chateau
Thierry, St. Mihiel and the battle of the Argonne. They were in the line from the 7th day of
May until the 11th day of November and saw a great deal of service. Speaking of their work
Geitner said:
"Two weeks before the Chateau Thierry drive we started to shell with gas and sent over 34
tons of gas. As a result it took the Germans four days to carry out their dead and wounded.
In this operation we lost only one American officer. This was due to the explosion of a gun. The
Stokes Mortar which we used for gas was merely a big iron tube and the shells were set off in
these by exploders. There was considerable play in the bore and the shells were a little rough.
When the shell was about to go oft' everyone would have to get away from it as quickly as possible.
Sometimes they were only set off once a night, and if the enemy didn't succeed in destroying
the gun the next day or possibly the same night, we would i-ecover it for use the next night. The
Chateau Thierry shoot took in about 800 guns which were shooting over gas, TNT, etc."
(The information for that barrage. General Bundy reports, was obtained from an old mason
who knew which buildings in the town had cellars under them. The Germans were hiding in
those cellars and the American artillery missed none of them. It was a most efficient barrage.)
"In the St. Mihiel drive we worked continuously from the 12th until the 17th of September
sending over high explosives, putting up smoke screens for the infantry and burning out machine
gun nests with thermite. The same sort of work was done in the Argonne Forest. This gas was
brought up to our regiment in tanks on motor trucks and we then placed it in shells. Some was
in the form of paste, and the balance in powder form. We carried it into position ourselves.
Sometimes this was for a distance of two to four miles. After the gas was put in the shells and
these were in position the timers and exploders were put on the shells. They were then placed in
the guns and set off by exploders. These guns were anywhere from 12" to 14". The shells we
used weighed from 90 to 100 pounds, and we would send over our material in conjunction with
the artillery in a barrage.
"The work of our gas regiment was done either from the first line or as far as 250 yards in
302 Buffalo's Part in the World War
advance of the first line. We worked in platoons, 60 men to a platoon and these 60 men would
take care of from 400 to 600 guns. This refers to Stokes Mortars.
"When we used the trench mortars we would pile the shells along side of us and five men worked
in a team with one gun and we would explode from 18 to 25 shells a minute continuously for a
half hour. Then we would rest perhaps for two hours and then continue at the same rate of fire.
This we kept up nightly for periods of ten hours' duration. That was not only with gas, but included
thermite and TNT and these operations would be carried on from the most advanced position
possible. Our shells would take effect from 10 to 2,200 yards distance.
"The TNT I spoke of was used in shrapnel shells, but the kind of shrapnel shells we used
exploded a short distance from the ground. We were at no time connected with the artillery,
but worked as a separate unit in the advanced positions. Thermite was used after the 'pill
boxes' were broken open by artillery fire or one pounder bombardment. Then we would start
shelling with thermite and the shells were timed to go off in the air above the machine gun nest
or pill boxes and would produce a shower of fire which would melt any metal it came in contact
with and burn a human body to a crisp. When the shells would go off at night the thermite
would resemble the effect of a Roman-candle like we use at home on the Fourth of July; a ball
of fire and then a spray. "
The First Gas Regiment was the only offensive gas troop used by the American Army in France.
The regiment returned on the Celtic arriving in New York, Sunday, February 2d, 1919. Major
John B. Carlock of San Francisco, who commanded the regiment stated that Geitner and his
associates did their most effective work in the Argonne. He said :
"At the beginning of the Argonne attack on September 26th the two most formidable posi-
tions in the enemy front line were Hill 263, on the edge of the forest, and a huge knob on which
was the ruined village of Vauquois, about two miles to the east. It was almost impossible to
take these points by direct assault. The gas troops flooded these positions just before the attack
began with white hot molten metal, gas, liquid fire, and smoke, after which the first wave batta-
lions passed between and around these strong points with little interference. They were also
of great use in laying smoke screens to cover the advance of the infantry, and also to draw artillery
fire. The success on November 10th, when the United States Marines crossed the Meuse, was
brought about largely by our smoke screens.
" It is not generally known that the gas regiments by leading as they did every offensive were
subjected to greater danger than perhaps any other. This is borne out by the fact that 50 per
cent of our regiment are casualties, mostly the result of machine gun fire. This extended to the
officers also in a marked degree."
The Major added that at the time the armistice was signed there were two regiments and
three battalions in training, so that the gas warfare would have played a prominent part had
the war continued. Major Carlock paid a tribute to the 77th Division for its wonderful work and
tenacity in holding out against heavy odds.
Buffalo's Part in the World War 303
CHAPTER LXXXV
HONORS FOR GREATEST GAINS TO 77th DIVISION
THE 77th or "Liberty Division" suffered a grand total of 9,611 casualties — 317 officers and
9,294 men, as follows: Sixty-Nine officers and 1,299 men were killed in action; ten officers and
188 men died of wounds received in action; sixty-nine officers and 1,894 men were severely
wounded ; eighty-two officers and 2,889 men were slightly wounded ; seventy-one officers and 2,297
men were gassed; thirteen officers and 696 men were missing; three officers and thirty-one men were
reported prisoners in Germany. The very small number of reported prisoners is notable, it
indicates that the spirit of the "Lost Battalion" was the spirit of the whole Division at all times.
The 77th Division captured 750 prisoners (thirteen officers and 737 men), as follows: No
officers and three men in the Baccarat training sector; no officers and twenty-seven men on the
Vesle; twelve officers and 619 men in the Argonne Forest drive; one officer and eighty-eight
men in the advance from the Aire to the Meuse.
The 77th Division is credited with capturing 7,600 rifles, eighteen pieces of heavy artillery,
fourteen pieces of light artillery, forty-six trench mortars and 277 machine guns, yielding the
following interesting analysis: No material of any kind in the Baccarat sector; 1,000 rifles and
twenty-five machine guns on the Vesle, but no artillery; 3,400 rifles, five pieces of heavy artillery,
three pieces of light artillery, thirty-five trench mortars and 155 machine guns in the Argonne
drive; 3,200 rifles, thirteen heavy guns, eleven light field pieces, eleven trench mortars and ninety-
seven machine guns in the Aire-Meuse advance.
The 77th Division gained a total of 711-2 kilometers (about 45 miles), as follows: Nothing in
the Baccarat training sector; 12 kilometers in the advance from the Vesle to the Aisne; 22 kilo-
meters in the drive through the Argonne; 373^ kilometers in the advance from the Aire to the
Meuse. They carried off the honors of making the greatest advance of any Division.
The 77th Division operated in four different front sectors (one quiet, three active), being in
the front line for a grand total of 112 days, as follows: Forty-five days in the quiet Baccarat
training sector; thirty-five days in the active Vesle sector; twenty days in the Argonne drive;
twelve days in the advance from the Aire to the Meuse.
The draft boys who left Buffalo during May and June, 1918, for Camp Dix eventually found their
way into the 87th Division. Other Divisions followed them into France, but the boys of the 87th
were about the last of the selective service divisions from Western New York to be trained in France
for combat service — though they fell short of active service at the front by about four days.
After training at Camp Dix until August 25th, 1918, they left for Hoboken and on the follow-
ing day boarded the English ship Khiva — a freighter. They formed part of a large convoy with
the usual naval escort of cruisers and destroyers. One of the ships in the convoy was torpedoed
near the other side and beached on the Irish coast. Virtually all were saved. The Buffalo boys
landed at Tripoli Docks, England, September 9th, and proceeded to Manchester the same day,
remaining there over night. They landed at La Havre, France, September 11th, just two months
before the close of the war. Filling in the time at drill and in the so-called rest camps for several
days they were then sent to aid the engineers in building Camp San Coine, serving in what was
known as the S. 0. S. — Service of Supplies. For nine weeks they plugged along in that work.
It was while building the camp word came of the signing of the Armistice and soon preparations
were under way for the return home of the Division.
The men were practically through with their work in camp building and word had come that
they would be relieved by a new division and sent to the front, possibly for the Army of Occupa-
tion ; in fact, they did go to Lugon shortly after the cessation of hostilities. They were back home
early in March. The 87th was known as the Acorn Division and its members did valiant work back
of the lines at a critical period in the progress of the war though they did not get into the fighting.
Buffalo's Part in the World War
305
CHAPTER LXXXVI
U. OF B. AND CANISIUS STUDENT ARMY CORPS
IN connection with the selective service registration of September 12, 1918, President Wilson
provided for the organization of the Student Army Training Corps to be administered by
the Committee on Education and Special Training of the War Department. This step became
necessary and desirable because of the fact that the draft took into its net the college students
of the Nation. The pi'imary purpose of the Corps was to utilize the executive and teaching per-
sonnel and the physical equipment of the educational institutions to assist in the training of the
new ai'mies. The facilities of the colleges were especially useful for training officer candidates
and experts of all kinds to meet the needs of the service.
Members of the Student Army Training Corps, having been inducted into the service, were
thereafter not subject to call by their local boards. It was expected that the members of Collegiate
Sections would be transferred from institutions every three months in age groups, the twenty-
year-old men going first, the nineteen-year-old men going next, and the eighteen-year-old men
last, roughly corresponding to the periods at which men of these ages were called under the Selec-
tive Service Law. As these gi'oups left the colleges their places would be taken by new contingents
obtained by individual induction or, if necessary, from depot brigades. Students of such subjects
as engineering, chemistry and medicine might have been required to finish their courses where
the needs of the service made that desirable.
Members of Vocational Sections would ordinarily remain at the institution for two months and
then be assigned to various branches of the service in which technicians were needed.
Buffalo had two Student Army Training Corps, the University of Buffalo and Canisius College.
Student Army of Canisius College at Drill on the College Grounds, Main and Jefferson Streets
306 Buffalo's Part in the World War
The students attending those institutions were inducted into the United States Army about
October 1, 1918. Canisius College having a barracks in the Deaf Mute Institute at Main Street
and Dewey Avenue, the students of that institution left their homes and took up their military
training as they would have done had they been placed in any of the army training camps. Owing
to the difficulty experienced in securing proper quarters for a barracks the University of Buffalo
students were obliged to spend their nights at home; and, as the Armistice came quickly after
the students had swung into their training schedule, the Student Army Training Corps never
turned out its products for actual service. The students had some weeks of training, and all were
determinedly and rapidly pierfecting themselves so as to be able to render efficient service to their
country when the time should come for them to join their brothers overseas. .They were dis-
appointed because that opportunity never came; the boys who did go overseas say those who
did not go were fortunate — all others were out of luck. But they never entirely succeeded in
convincing the men at home that they were right.
Chancellor Charles P. Norton at the head of the University of Buffalo assigned Dean Willis
Gregory as head of the Student Army Training Corps at the University of Buffalo, while Pres-
ident Rev. George Krim of Canisius College turned the task over to the Rev. Father Miles O'Mailia,
afterwards commissioned Chaplain Captain, 65th Regiment. Father O'Mailia was then dean of
the college.
Captain Paul H. Calongne of the Regular Army was detailed to Canisius as commanding
officer of the Student Army Training Corps, while Lieutenant William Riley was detailed to
command the Corps at the University of Buffalo. Both men were exceptionally good officers
and won the friendship and esteem of the boys in their respective institutions.
The demobilization of the Buffalo Student Army Training Corps units began on December
1st, and before Christmas all students of the Training Corps had been honorably discharged
from the United States Army.
Buffalo's Part in the World War 307
CHAPTER LXXXVII
BATTLING ABOVE THE CLOUDS
A viation began in Buffalo in 1909 when the Aero Club of Buffalo was organized, but it was
ZA not until 1915 that military aviation began to attract attention as a consequence of the
-*- -*- development in the World War. During the winter of 1915-1916 the formation of an Aero
company in the New York National Guard was proposed and under the leadership of John M.
Satterfield, the 2d Aero Company, Signal Corps, N. Y. N. G., was organized. At the time of
the Mexican trouble, in the early summer of 1916, the 2d Aero Company was called into Federal
Service and ordered to the Federal aviation field at Mineola, N. Y., for training preparatory to
duty on the Mexican Border. The officers then were: Captain John M. Satterfield, Lieutenant
Morgan B. More and Lieutenant Russell W. Bryant. After training there for some time, the
Company returned to Buffalo in the Fall of 1916 and continued its training at the Curtiss Flying
Field in this City.
Later on, when it became apparent that war with Germany was inevitable, the Buffalo Com-
pany, fully equipped and financed, was offered to the United States Government and accepted.
The Company expected to be called into service as a unit, but the War Department decided
that it could use these trained men to best advantage by taking them as individuals and sending
them to various points where most needed. Accordingly, the Buffalo company — the first flying
company offered to the Government — was soon scattered and the members went into the war
widely separated. A large percentage of the officers and men of the old 2d Aero Company were
sent overseas and did excellent work in France and England ; some were retained in America to
assist in the development of the Air Service here and many of the Buffalo air men, notably
Charles P. Penney, were among America's ablest instructors on the great Kelly Field in Texas.
Lieutenant Penney, a son of Thomas Penney, well-know Buffalo attorney, was one of three
brothers in the service.
While the production of American planes lagged perceptibly during the year of 1917, toward
the close of the war they were rapidly coming to hand. Most American aviators overseas were
at first flying British and French planes. They were engaged in blowing up railroad yards, ammu-
nition depots, bombing villages filled with the enemy and were rapidly getting into the heart of
Germany. On most of the American fronts in the difficult days of the war, the German aviators
had control of the air, but every day saw more American planes in arrow-head formation cutting
the cloud path toward the enemy.
The entrance of the Liberty planes marked an important day in history. Aeroplane bombers
had created a great deal of havoc. The Liberty bombing planes entered into that field of action.
Back of the battle front the bombs lie hidden, looking much like the shells the soldier saw by
the hundreds of thousands in the Franco-American dumps in the woods and along the camou-
flaged roads within the artillery positions. An eye witness of an expedition starting out on a
bombing drive said all of a sudden all hands would be exceptionally busy. On the particular day
here referred to there was rain in the sky, but the raid had been scheduled for a certain hour
and the preparations had to be made to the last detail. Three men were used in handling a bomb.
They carried them to the wings and fastened them and then inserted the detonator. Meanwhile,
three or four men were testing out the motor and the wires and three more men were holding
down the tail, so that altogether there were some ten about each plane. It took two men to
start the motor by turning the propeller, one holding the other's hand and jerking him as in
the schoolboy's game of snap-the-whip. The resulting whirlwind and roar emphasized the Liberty's
power.
A Buffalo boy who gradually worked into the bomb service was George Toohill of 325 Four-
teenth Street, who became a Corporal in the 182d Aero Squadron. While out with his bombing
308
Buffalo's Part in the World War
Falchaire, Noted French Ace, About to Land on Meadow at Delaware Park
plane one night on a trip to Metz the big machine was cut off by three German fliers. Early in
the attack Toohill was struck in the leg, below the knee, by a machine gun bullet fired from one
of the German planes. As he bent over, below the fuselage to rub his injured leg one of the Ger-
man air men dropped an aerial bomb which exploded alongside of the Allied plane. Toohill was
rendered temporarily unconscious and when he came to the big plane was in a tail spin. He
states that he righted the plane and brought her down although the engine was out of commis-
sion. This attack had occurred on a particularly dark night and when the plane hit the ground
the young aviator was again rendered unconscious. When he was able to pull himself out of his
seat he said he was covered with blood and reaching into the seat behind him found that the
mechanic had his head blown off. His own teeth were all shattered, not a soUd tooth having
been left in either jaw. He was taken to the hospital and after recovery was sent home to Buffalo.
He was obliged to use a complete set of new teeth both upper and lower.
Flying with the French bombers before the organization of the Liberties, Lieutenant Paul M.
Green and Lieutenant W. W. Waring of Buffalo achieved considerable success and prominence
in their work. Green had an experience which earned for him the Croix de Guerre. This happened
at Ouichy, where he was operating in company with Lieutenant Patterson. They had gone far
into Germany and were finally cut off from the rear by an overwhelming number of German
battle planes that were trying to force the Americans to land. Green and Patterson decided to
fight it out to the end and in order to have a better chance for their lives they had to lighten
ship. Accordingly they began looking for a good place to drop their pills (aerial bombs), but
they had been zig-zagging so much that they were not sure they were in the enemy lines. They
decided then to go farther to the north, and did so, the pleased Germans believing they were
steering for a landing place. In this journey. Green and Patterson arrived at a low altitude over
an inviting bit of woods and on the pilot's signal, Lieutenant Patterson pulled the handle. The
bombs fell. There was an explosion followed immediately by a still greater explosion and by a
Buffalo's Part in the World War
309
Ensign Thomas E. Maytham at End of Endurance Flight
The trip was taken in December, 1918, from Key West to Tampa, to Cape Sable and Palm Beach.
Distance, 850 Miles
continued series of explosions, and mustard and lethal gases rose in the air and their colors were
shown in bursts in the woods. Relieved of its excess baggage, the plane was able to meet its
adversaries and the two aviators broke through the enemy line. Several days later, while they
were still rejoicing over the mere fact that they were home and not in Germany, there arrived
notice of citations for the French war crosses. They had unconsciously hit and destroyed one of the
best camouflaged enemy munitions dumps in France.
Lieutenant W. W. Waring participated in the remarkable bombing expedition in which eight
American planes, all Liberties, were attacked by three German squadrons. At the very beginning
of the engagement, which was well within the German lines, the observer of the American leader's
plane was shot and fell acro.ss the control wires in the rear cockpit. This jammed the pilot's
control and unable to turn his bus, he continued the running fight ten miles farther into Ger-
many. Then, fortunately, the body on the wires shifted with a sudden gust of wind hitting the
plane, and the leader turned for home, the rest following. "It was the tightest fight in which
Norris and I participated," said Lieutenant Waring. "One of the groups of enemy planes con-
sisted of the red-nosed Albatross. The other was black and white bellied Fokkers and the third
was the silver-grey Phalz, an old type of plane which was not feared by our swifter Spads, but
which was nevertheless, a formidable enemy for a heavy plane. There were at least 30 Boches
attacking us at one time, and all of us used up about all our ammunition either on the way in or
out. One of the Germans came in close and shot the red bead off Norris's sights. The same
German came in front of my guns and later, as we turned, Norris got a chance at him and he
rolled over on his silver-grey belly and fell, a most beautiful sight when the sun sparkled on him. "
Lieutenant Waring had flown several types of bombers and did remarkable work for the aerial
service. Shortly after the last mentioned exploit however, he was taken ill and died in a hospital
in France.
310 Buffalo's Part in the World War
Lieutenants Waring and Norris had the Liberty Motor record of accumulating 37 bullet holes
in their plane and landing untouched. This last record was outdistanced later, however, by Lieu-
tenants Green and Patterson who, while with the French were shot down in a Breguet in which
they found 132 bullet and shrapnel holes. The aviators made a forced landing not only within
the Allied line, but on a strange aerodrome, and while they were extricating themselves from
the wreckage, a young French aviator appeared who inquired about their wounds. They said
they were unhurt. "Then come in for dinner. You are just in time," said the Frenchman. Lieu-
tenant Green said this young Frenchman wore a Croix de Guerre about a foot long to take care
of 15 or 20 palms which were pinned on it. He was Fonck, the noted French Ace. Lieutenant
Green at that time was reported as missing in action, but was soon back again with his Company.
A Buffalo flier of great fame, who gave his life for the cause, was Lieutenant John Mac-
Arthur, American Ace and winner of the Distinguished Service Cross, who died on August 9th
of wounds received in action.
Lieutenant MacArthur lies buried in the Military Cemetery at Origny in Thierache, France.
He was reported "missing in action" on July 20th in an air battle about thirty miles inside the
German lines. It is now learned that he was shot through the lungs, fatally wounded, and taken
prisoner. He was removed to a German hospital and lingered until August 9th when he died.
He was the fourth American-trained Ace, having seven official planes to his credit. On June 13th
he successfully led a patrol against a supei'ior number of enemy airplanes, dispersing them and
being officially credited with the destruction of one. On June 25th he was one of a formation of
three machines answering an alert. His patrol surprised and attacked two enemy aircraft, and
he with skill and rigorous determination fired on a two-seated machine, despite hot fire from both
of its guns, forcing it to the ground. On August 19th he was awarded (posthumously) the Dis-
tinguished Service Cross. The French Government has also conferred upon him the Croix de
Guerre with palm and the Cross of the Legion of Honor. Lieutenant MacArthur enlisted August
11, 1917, and received his training at the School of Military Aeronautics at Princeton and at
Fort Worth, Texas, being given his commission in the air service on January 17, 1918. He
went overseas with the 27th Aero Squadron early in March, 1918. From June, 1916, to
March, 1917, he served with a Connecticut National Guard regiment at Tobyhanna, Pa., and
also in Texas.
Lieutenant William T. Jebb, Jr., who went to France in the first American Ambulance Corps
in June, 1917, and later entered the American Aviation Section, trained in the Aviation camp at
Issoudan, near the center of France, which was one of the largest training schools for aviators
on the western front. Speaking of Lieutenant MacArthur, Lieutenant Jebb said: "Lieutenant
MacArthur, the Buffalo Ace, was a student while I was training. He was a crack shot and a
wonderful flier. He was one of the best fliers the school turned out and he was the envy of all
of us. It was a great shock to all of us when we heard he died in a German prison. "
Lieutenant Jebb served in the 28th Aei'o Squadron, third pursuit group, under the command
of Major Thaw. This was the unit formerly known as the Lafayette escadrille. There were 24
fliers to each squadron, divided into three flights of eight men each. Speaking of their work.
Colonel Thaw said: "The first effective work of our new organization was done in the St. Mihiel
drive. By the time we were shifted to the St. Mihiel salient my group was rounding into good
shape. Large numbers of American, English, French and Italian planes were concentrated for
this attack. The Germans also had a large number of planes, which they greatly increased during
the first few days of the offensive. This was particularly true of their pursuit, flying the Fokker
biplane, single-seater. There was need of every ship the Allies could muster on the lines. Reports
to the contrary notwithstanding, this show was, from an aerial point of view, harder than any
I had known during the four years of war — except perhaps Verdun (1916). The St. Mihiel show
started September 11th. Our group was picked for special 'strafing' work; that is to say, in
addition to our regular patrols we had to go over in force, sometimes the whole group together,
bomb and shoot up convoys on the road, troop concentrations, ammunition dumps, etc. Bear in
Buffalo's Part in the World War 311
mind that we were not fitted for real bombing work and were flying single-seater 220 horse power
double gun Spads, carrying four small bombs.
"As a rule, we worked very low, not only to insure accuracy, but on account of the weather,
which was very bad. The fighting was hot and heavy and kept us continually on the move until
pilots were exhausted and engines worn out.
"As an example of the concentration of planes which was necessary, I remember that on one
'strafing' sortie in my group alone sixty-seven planes left the ground in seventeen minutes.
"After St. Mihiel quieted down they moved us up about twenty miles southwest of Verdun,
a short distance back of the Argonne. .Just before the Argonne drive we had orders to do very
little scout work or reconnaissance in order not to give the enemy any previous warning that a
drive was coming. By that time the Air Service was very well organized. We had all the ships
we wanted, the morale of the men was splendid and our operations so successful that we were
credited with putting out of business 287 planes and 34 balloons in about two months. We had
losses, two or three a day, and sometimes as many as four in one patrol. The monthly opera-
tions summary of my third pursuit group of four fighting squadrons shows that during September
and October alone, the number of American pilots killed, wounded or missing was 25. During
these two months my four squadrons engaged in 165 combats and are officially credited with
bringing down 52 enemy planes. The October chart alone shows 99 combats with victories over
40 enemy planes officially credited. Unofficially there were many more."
Lieutenant Sidney Wertimer of Buffalo served with the 24th Aero Squadron and was engaged
in a good deal of the work above mentioned, being detailed as a long distance photographer and
observer working back of the German lines to determine their position, and came back some-
times with several Boche planes close at his heels. On one occasion one of his controls was shot
away and he had to come down in a hurry and happily enough, landed just outside of William
Jebb's airdrome. Wertimer was banged up in this descent with a broken nose and a couple other
minor injuries, but he was well looked after by Lieutenant Jebb.
Another BufTalo flier was Sergeant Francis J. McDonnell, a member of the First Aero Squadron
of the First Marine Corps aviation force, and he was the first to enter Brussels after the signing
of the Armistice and helped to haul down the German flag from the Burgomaster's house November
17th. McDonnell lived at 623 Delaware Avenue.
Many other Buffalo men gained fame in the performance of their duty on the flying fields along
the western front. In addition to MacArthur and Waring, several other Buffalo aviators gave
up their lives, among them Lieutenant Raymond Fox, who was killed in action in August, 1918,
and Lynn Forster, who was reported missing in action in August, 1918. Lieutenant Casper M.
Kielland was another Buffalo hero of the air, one of America's most brilliant fliers and aggressive
soldiers, who, after bringing down two German planes, was finally overpowered and fell inside
the German lines. He was dead when his plane hit the ground. This occurred on July 11th,
1918, at Tours.
Harold E. Honhart of 688 Oak Street, who left Buffalo with the 106th Artillery, was trans-
ferred to the Air Service and reported killed during the Argonne fighting on the Verdun front.
Honhart, however, was terribly injured when he fell with an aeroplane a distance of 500 feet;
both hips were broken, his jaw and nose were broken and he received several scalp wounds. After
many weeks in the hospital he recovered and long after the Armistice was signed, returned to
America.
Just as Buffalo's men in every branch of the service gave a highly creditable account of them-
selves, the history of the Buffalo air men during the world war in their many battles above the
clouds will always stand out as a brilliant chapter in the history of Buffalo during the period of
the Great War.
Buffalo's Part in the World War 313
CHAPTER LXXXVIII
ON THE WESTERN FRONT 11.00 A. M., NOVEMBER 11th, 1918
THROUGH the early days of November the once great military machine of Germany was seen
to be cracking on all sides. With the fall of Sedan and the entrance of the French forces —
by courtesy of the American 42d Division — to that historic city, the newspaper headlines
aroused the public to the possibihty of an immediate cessation of hostilities.
Bulgaria was the first of the German allies to sue for peace. Early in September the Serbian
army under authority of the Allied High Command crossed the mountains east of Monastir and
drove that portion of the Bulgarian Army which they did not destroy or capture toward Albania
where they were crushed by the Italian and French forces. Bulgaria immediately asked for an
armistice and received word that the terms would be unconditional surrender. By the First of
November, Serbia had been reclaimed and Bulgaria was out of the war.
Turkey, after suffering a most crushing defeat with the loss of many thousands of men at the
hands of the British General Allenby, capitulated a few days later.
Through the latter part of October the Italian forces advanced their front against the Aus-
trians, and on the 27th of that month they crossed the Piave. It was then evident that Austria
was done for, and the American people were not surpi'ised on November 3d when the Austrian
surrender was accepted.
As soon as the German army had been forced into the open country north of the Argonne,
and the gi'eat American drive of November 1st began, the seriousness of the German position
was clear. The 77th Division with its host of Buffalo boys followed the Boche across the country
toward the Meuse, carrying forward the American line in company with the 42d American
Division which, likewise, included in its personnel a number of Western New Yorkers.
In Belgium the 37th Division and the 91st Division, also, carrying some Buffalo boys and a
Buffalo chaplain, forced the Germans across the Scheldt and captured Audenarde on November
3d, the day Austria surrendered. On November 5th, the 42d Division crossed the Meuse, and
on the 6th occupied Sedan. Two days before the Allied war council had agreed upon the
armistice terms it would impose on Germany.
Buffalo, like all others, anxiously awaited the word that Germany was through. It was known to
all on November 5th that terms had been prepared and that the German army had been routed,
and accordingly, it was not surprising that the country went into a tumult of rejoicing on No-
vember 7th when word was flashed over the wires that the Armistice had been signed.
Despite efforts of the Associated Press to obtain some verification of the report, and its repeated
declaration that the signing of the Armistice had not been verified, the people refused to be dissuaded
from their celebration. Throngs poured out to the sidewalks from office buildings and factories.
Schools were closed and the high school boys and girls snake-marched through the streets. Grey-
haired men and women joined them, and tumult reigned. Every noise-making device that can
be conceived was in evidence. Fife and drum corps and bands sprung from somewhere, nobody
knew where, and passed up and down Main Street. An hour after the first outbreak workmen
from the outlying munitions plants reached the down town district, augmenting the numbers
already in that over-crowded territory. Every street car and auto brought a new throng, and the
roar occasioned by the tumbling waters at Niagara Falls was soon a whisper in comparison with
the hurrah and hubbub of Main and adjacent streets. Those who were not shouting on the streets
were in churches offering prayers of thanksgiving.
When the enthusiastic crowd was at the height of its celebration, the newspapers began slowly
but surely to retract their early declarations. The Commercial alone had refused to concede the
Armistice signed, and though it wavered in the earlier part of the day, it gi-ew stronger as the
Associated Press failed to obtain a confirmation of the report, and finally expressed a conviction
314 Buffalo's Part in the World War
that the report was erroneous. The crowds in the streets were fast losing faith in the announce-
ment, and the early evening found doubt taking the place of assurance, and the enthusiasm
rapidly waned.
On the following day word came that the Armistice had not been signed. The thousands of
Buffalo mothers and fathers whose boys were overseas, and hundreds of thousands of others with
someone of kin in the struggle, were naturally disappointed by this subsequent announcement,
but all eyes focused on the daily newspapers, for, while it was apparent that the Armistice had
not been signed, the capitulation of Germany was, at least, but a few hours away, and the people
knew it. The Armistice was finally signed and November 11th, at 11 A. M. was fixed as the
day and hour when war would stop. All commanders were notified to cease firing at that time.
While Leonard W. Beck, 1.35 Landon Street, 1st Machine Gun Battalion, who was killed on
June 7, 1918, was the first Buffalo boy to die in action, the last Buffalo boy to make the supreme
sacrifice in the war as far as we now have record was Lieutenant Oscar A. Swan of 32 E. Utica
Street. Lieutenant Swan had served in the Marine Corps for some years. He went to France in
December 1917, and distinguished himself in the Chateau Thierry fighting, going through every
campaign in which the Marines participated. He rose rapidly from a private to Second Lieutenant,
and was commissioned a First Lieutenant before sailing for France. He had two brothers in the
service, Edward Swan, machinist's mate, aboard the U. S. S. Maine, and Raymond Swan with
the U. S. Navy Aviation Corps abroad. On the night of November 10th Lieutenant Swan was
commanding the 23d Company of the 6th Machine Gun Battalion. That night they reached a
point about two miles north of Beaumont and were to cross the Meuse the following morning.
While planning to cross the river, a high explosive shell struck near Lieutenant Swan and crushed
his head, killing him instantly. He was bui'ied the following day by his comrades just as the last
echo of the big guns rang out the close of hostilities. He had made an enviable record through
the war, and closed it with his life.
Lieutenant Harry G. Rennagel, 101st Infantry, a Buffalo officer, in writing to his family, said:
"I left the hospital November 10th, reaching my outfit about ten o'clock the next morning, the
fatal one; we were all talking, laughing and waiting for the gong to ring when orders came to
go over the top. We thought it a joke — it was a grim one of Fate's, for we jumped oflf at 25 minutes
to 11 and advanced but very slowly for we knew that there were many machine gun nests
ahead of us. At 10.55 a minenwerfer fell among my men and I was told one wanted to see
me. I hurried over and there lay five of my best men. One fatally injured, hole near heart, two
seriously injured and the other two badly hurt. We took care of the injured men and then I
knelt beside the lad whose eyes had such a look of sorrow that my eyes filled with tears.
" 'What is it old man,' I asked.
" 'Lieutenant, I'm going fast. Don't say I'll get better, you know different and this is a pretty
unhappy time for me. You know we all expected things to cease to-day, so I wrote my girl, we
were to be married when I returned, and my folks that I was safe and well and about my plans,
and now by some order I am not going home. '
"A glance at my watch, 11.05. I looked away and when I looked back — he had gone for The
Highest Reward. I can honestly tell you I cried and so did the rest."
Lieutenant Walter A. Davenport in describing the last days of the war on the field said :
" I haven't a thing in the world to do except to emulate Mr. Micawber. If this war isn't really
over — if they try to start it again — there's going to be an awful yell go up from both sides of this
argument. For if anything was ever over, through, finished and ended, it is the war spirit.
"We are still away out here above the old St. Mihiel sector, 16 kilometers from Metz. It is
so far away from anywhere that the French are not moving back into their old homes. Generally
the peasants followed closely upon the heels of the American army and as we'd kick Jerry out
of a French town the French would settle down in that town. But this place is a burned out
valley and the peasants seem to regard the place as hopeless.
"How I wish you could have been with us the last few hours of the war. About 9.30 A. M.
Buffalo's Part in the World War 315
on November 11th, the Germans must have gotten word that the Armistice had been signed.
We were dug in the mud of the Bois de Dommartin. They had shelled us all night — shrapnel,
trench mortars, mustard and phosgene gas, and high explosive. But that shelling was only normal.
It was nothing unusual.
"But about 9.30 A. M. every Boche gun between Dommartin and Metz inclusive opened up
on us. My God, how they strafed us. Everything from minenwerfers to 210's descended upon
those woods. The soft ground billowed like the ocean. But we were dug in and the forest is very
heavy, and our casualties were very, very small.
"And our artillery came back at them.
"From 10 o'clock to 11 — the hour for the cessation of hostilities — the opposed batteries simply
raised hell. Not even the artillery prelude to our advance into the Argonne had anything on it.
To attempt an advance was out of the question. It was not a barrage. It was a deluge.
"All along our front the earth was flying skyward geyser-like. And above us roared about
50 Allied planes watching the effect of our shots. The scout and observation planes would scud
over the German lines and rush back dropping rockets — signaling to the artillery. Then the
German Gothas would come forward and drive our lighter planes to the rear. Then from some-
where in the rear a crazy squadrilla of huge Handley-Pages (our big planes) would roar into the
riot and upon the German trenches they'd drop a few tons of trinitro toluol, ammonal, cheddite,
etc. Oh! It was a jolly affair!
"We had synchronized our watches. On my right flank I had eight machine guns. They had
kept up a constant stream of fire during the artillery riot. About 10.45 A. M. the boys with the
Chauchats, and the ordinary Springfields, and Enfields had joined in just that they might be in
the party. I do not know how many thousand tons of steel, copper, cupro-nickel, and lead were
poured into, over and upon Jerry, but it was fearful to see.
" Nothing quite so electrical in effect as the sudden stop that came at 11 A. M. has ever occurred
to me. It was 10.60 precisely and — the roar stopped like a motor car hitting a wall. The result-
ing quiet was uncanny in comparison. From somewhere far below ground, Germans began to
appear. They clambered to the parapets and began to shout wildly. They threw their rifles,
hats, bandoleers, bayonets and trench knives toward us. They began to sing. Came one bewhis-
kered Hun with a concertina and he began goose stepping along the parados followed in close
file by fifty others — all goose stepping.
"Our lads stood up watching the show. We had quite a time watching them lest they take
pot shots at the concertina player. One of my snipers begged the chance to 'slip a cold one'
into a Boche who stood 'at ease' all alone leaning on his rifle.
"We kept the boys under restraint as long as we could. Finally the strain was too great. A
big Yank named Carter ran out into No Man's Land and planted the Stars and Stripes on a
signal pole in the lip of a shell hole. Keasby, a bugler, got out in front and began playing ' The
Star Spangled Banner' on a German trumpet he'd found in Thiaucourt. And they sang —
Gee, how they sang!
"Of course all this celebration was small in comparison with what must have happened in New
York, London and Paris. We did a lot of speculating upon the way New York took the news.
In some respects it seems years since I saw New York. I have lived 1,000 lives and seen all the
tragedies in the world. But again it seems but yesterday when I left you folks, a sergeant. I
am now a first lieutenant. I have been recommended for captaincy. I'd like to get the two bars
before we are sent home. I'll certainly get them if we have to stay here very long — six months
say. The Lord knows I did the minimum of effective work, but, by gosh, I did my best. I'm a
rotten soldier, I'm afraid, but the fellows I had under me didn't seem to mind a little thing like
that. They stuck to me when there wasn't a Chinaman's chance, it seemed. They went into
shell holes that looked like traps. They took the fag like the men they are and — were.
"We'd look like the devil on parade. Jeff Davis's hobo army looked like gentlemen in com-
parison. But they are he-guys, and they can fight. They don't know much tactics— none, in
316
Buffalo's Part in the World War
Main Street on Peace Monday
fact. They are never worried about liaison. They don't give a damn, who's on their right or left,
or whether anybody is. They aren't sure whether Lloyd George or Herbert Hoover is boss of
British politics, and when you cease speaking to them in terms of corn willie, monkey meat and
30.30 ammunition, they think you're a highbrow and are kidding them. But, yea-bo, those lads
can, separately and individually, lick six Huns each without losing wind.
"Take it from me. A lot of lieutenants got gobs of praise in newspapers and general orders.
And some got Distinguished Service Medals. And nine-tenths of these chaps owe it all to the
men in their platoons. The men got the orders. The commands were issued. The old 'up and
at 'em' was heard, and off they went, hell for leather. The men followed the officer and the offi-
cer had to go. There he was between heaven and hell, with fifty boys at his back. There was
nowhere to go but forward, and then it was a matter of speed and luck. And always we won
because we had the Germans' goat."
Charles F. Stafford, nephew of Isaac Stewart, City Treasurer, in a letter to his uncle gave his
view of the closing hours of the war in the following terms:
"But I must tell you about when it ended. We were given word at about 5 A. M. that firing
would cease as an armistice had been signed. Then came a battle that surpassed all, in noise.
We had all kinds of ammunition and the boys started to use it up. The Germans evidently did
the same thing, for the shells came over and were bursting and tearing the earth to pieces all
about us. But, noise! Oh, heavens, what a racket!
"And when 11 o'clock came everything stopped and it seemed as though the world had come
to an end. It seemed funny not to be ducking your head or stopping real short, or running this
way or that out of harm's way. But even at a few minutes to 11 o'clock many men were killed."
Lieutenant Frederick F. Sullivan, D Company, 109th Machine Gun Battalion, 28th Division,
in a letter to his wife a few days after the close of the war said:
"These have been busy days, but very enjoyable, the last two or three, for things have been
Buffalo's Part in the World War 317
so very different and strange since the shrapnel ceased flying. The company was in Hne when
the last shot of the war was fired, at 11 o'clock on the eleventh day of the eleventh month.
"The day before we received orders to support an attacking battalion, and we reached a bit
of woods in what had previously been No Man's Land. Here we struck a fairly bad barrage and
things were very warm for a while. Then they quieted down and we took positions for the night.
Slept in a bit of a shack in the woods, a few hundred yards from Fritz.
"Next morning, when I went back to look up mess, etc., they laid it on both sides with artillery
and the din was terrific; then I got the news on the 'phone from the major, at my old Post Com-
mand, that hostilities ceased at 11 o'clock. No one in this town knew it yet, so I spread the
glad tidings, and we sat tensely, with our watches in our hands, waiting for the hour to arrive,
but imagine how slowly the minutes passed.
"Suddenly everything ceased — almost to the second, on the hour — and it was so quiet it scared,
seemed uncanny. Not a sound to be heard. Then faintly came the cheers from the troops. It
surely was dramatic and I am glad we were in at the finish.
"Then, in the evening, I went up with the ration wagon to the men who were up forward,
and rode my horse to the front line, a very unwise thing to have done the previous night. Both
sides were getting rid of their night illumination paraphernalia, flares and verey lights, rocket
signals, etc., and the whole front line was blazing like a grand Fourth of July celebration.
"Lights could be seen in all the towns, fires were blazing in every place, in fact, the whole of
France which had been darkened at night in fear of air attacks was blazing forth into light. I
imagine Paris, after four years of darkness, blazing forth with arc lights, electric signs, etc. It
must have been wonderful."
318
Buffalo's Part in the World War
CHAPTER LXXXIX
PARIS WITH THE LID OFF
Paris held many Burtalo men on Nov. 11, 1918. Dr. 0. L. Harris sent to his relatives here
a pen picture of Paris on that day. He said:
"The greatest day that France, and the world, too, has ever seen, has come and gone. The day that we could look
one another in the face and say for the first time in fifty-one months: 'The war is ended.' Even now, two days after
the signing of the Armistice, and two days of reveling, in which all classes of society in Paris have mingled and fra-
ternized as never before, we cannot grasp it. During the three days previous to Monday, November 11th, every-
body was on the qui vive, waiting for the signing of the Armistice by our last and most mortal enemy. We bought
the papers as we never had before, and extra editions sold as fast as they fell from the press. Work on Friday and
Saturday, the 8th and 9th, was a matter of form and not accomplishment. Nerves were in evidence everywhere.
At any unusual street noise men, women and children stopped short in what they were doing and rushed to the win-
dows to see what had happened.
"On Monday, November 11th, we, like all others not in the know, came down to business as usual, with the idea
that in all probability the time for signing the Armistice would be prolonged for a day or two, owing to the delays
of travel on badly damaged roads, which made it diflBcult for the Hun parlementaires to communicate with those
at home who pulled the strings of their policy. At 9.30, we heard rumors that the paper had been signed, but most
of us were skeptical, as we had been fooled the Thursday before, as you were in America. At 10, we had more cir-
cumstantial telephonic reports from our friends in the center of the city, saying that bulletins were posted on the
bulletin boards, on the fronts of some of the banks and cafes, that the signature was a 'Fait accompli,' still, like the
singed cat which dreads the fire, we refused to believe, though we were intensely excited. At 11, when the guns
boomed, the sirens blew and the church bells rang, we knew that what we had yearned for so long and almost des-
paired of, had at last come to us. At the sound of the third gun, one of our French employees, who stands close to us,
rushed into my office, threw his arms around my neck, kissed me on both cheeks, did the same to my assistant, and
then stood before us speechless, with tears in his eyes, but the picture of transfigured happiness. We all rushed to
Street Scene During the Premature Peace Celebration in Buffalo
Buffalo's Part in the World War 319
and fro, threw open our office and workroom windows and drank in tlie sound of the siren, which had warned us on
fifty-seven different nights in the last year or so, that raiding aeroplanes were headed for, or were over the city. Now
it was music and not a wail. The report of the guns, which had meant in the past that destruction was hovering
over us, and with the sirens, had sent thousands of Parisians to their cellars time and again, at all hours of the night,
were the signs of deliverance from a nightmare, and not of death, as formerly. Never did the pealing of church
bells mean so much to us before. It was a hardened individual who did not say in his heart, if not his lips, ' Thank
God, Thank God!'
"Just before 12 about sixty of our women stationed themselves on the huge stone staircase which leads from the
ground floor to the second story, and sang the Marseillaise and the Chant du Depart. Under the circumstances, it
was beautiful beyond expression, and I am not ashamed to say that I could scarce keep from tears. As a finish there
were cries of 'Vive I'Amerique!' Fortunately, we had grasped in time what the conditions would be in the restau-
rants on the Grands Boulevards, where we wished to take luncheon, and had reserved by telephone a table at Poc-
cardi's, just over one of our shops. Four of us went there. What we ate was delicious. As to what we drank, I draw
a veil over that. I lift one corner of it only to tell you that it was not water. I add also that we went out sober,
but more content with life than when we went in. It is an immense place, and was filled to its capacity with a joyous
international crowd. As the meal progressed, the wine warmed the hearts and loosened the tongues of those gathered
there. Every few moments some one would burst into song, and the rest of us would join in and sing the Italian
national hymn and the Marseillaise. Altogether, it was great!
"After luncheon we went to Prunier's, and tried to reserve a table for dinner for my wife and two American girls
and myself. There was nothing doing. Even 25 francs made no impression on the hard-hearted maitre d'hotel. The
rest of the afternoon, up to 4.30, I strolled up and down the Grands Boulevards between the Place de la Concorde
and the Place de la Republique. Well, if I live to be 100 years older than I am now, I never expect to see anything
equal to it again. Paris is fierce in her wrath, as the events of the Reign of Terror showed. She is equally whole-
hearted when she gives herself up to rejoicing.
"At 7 o'clock I tried Prunier's again, but the head waiter was more emphatic in his refusal than before, and I could
see disappointed people streaming out in steady lines. From there I went with my wife and her friends to Weber's
on the Rue Royale, where we had been able to arrange for a table in case we failed at the other place. The meal
was fair, the wine good and the crowd most interesting. We were there almost two hours. The service was horribly
slow on account of the immense crowd of people dining there. All during our stay, lines of American boys would
come in every little while, march up one side of the place and down the other, carrying lanterns, .Japanese parasols,
singing, blowing horns, or whirling deafening rattles. The songs were largely on the order of 'Hail, Hail the Gang's
All Here,' or 'What the Hell Do We Care,' interspersed with saucy remarks, mostly in English, occasionally in French,
with a sidesplitting accent. The French people were absolutely enchanted, offered the boys drinks, shouted 'Vive
I'Amerique!' and laughed until they cried. At times it was like Bedlam let loose, but nobody minded,, and the next
bunch of boys was received as enthusiastically as the first one, if not more so.
"On leaving, we walked slowly up to the Place de I'Opera. The street scenes were like those of the afternoon, but
though the people were more boisterous and noisy, we saw no drunken men. Though doubtless every one had had
not only one, but several drinks. The Place de I'Opera was so packed that we could not get into it. On our way
back to the Place de la Concorde, toward 10 P. M. the cafes we passed were sights to see. In every one there were
American soldiers waving flags, making speeches and racketing generally. In most cases they were standing on
chairs and tables, as were the diners, both men and women, who were enjoying the performances as well as the boys
were and egged them on to more extravagant actions. Remember that all this took place in the best and most orderly
cafes, where under ordinary circumstances a boisterous customer is ejected without ceremony. We went home early
in order to find a place in the underground, which even at that hour was packed to suffocation.
"Taken all in all I doubt if the gaiety of Monday, November 11th, will ever be duplicated in Paris or anywhere
else. It needed the sudden relief from the long and terrible strain since the beginning of the war to produce it. May
heaven grant that no combination of circumstances will ever bring it about again."
320 Buffalo's Part in the World War
CHAPTER XC
CELEBRATING THE KAISER'S FUNERAL
A SHORT time before the possibility of an armistice hove in sight, along toward the latter
part of October, Doris Kellogg and many of the other canteen workers, who had toiled so
• strenuously during the long Summer months with never a thought of respite, were fur-
loughed by the Directors of the Red Cross and sent into Brittany for a much needed rest. While
they did not know it at the time, their work in the canteen virtually ended with that furlough,
as it later developed. For within a few days after they again returned to service, the Armistice
had been prepared and signed and the war was at an end. It will be interesting to Buffalonians
to follow Miss Kellogg with the other girls through their recreation time, but more interesting,
perhaps, to read what she has to say of the last day of the war. Her final letters follow:
"Paris, October 20th.
"Can I believe it, that our permission has begun and that we are safely ensconsed here at the Hotel Continental,
Paris? We left Chantilly this morning, and though we had been so keen to leave, we almost wept when the time
finally came. As we passed Orry and Serveillers we fairly fell out of the train window waving good-bye to the servants
at the canteen, and I felt that I was closing the first volume of the most absorbing and appealing drama I have ever
known. I've been homesick for the Poilus all day, and every one I see here in Paris touches a tender spot in my
heart. They have been too wonderful, — so patient and appreciative, so gay and gallant."
'Bretagnb, France, November 2d.
"Our vacation is over, and much as I have simply reveled in it, I really can't say I regret returning to 'Paree.'
But what a vacation this has been — simply perfect! Madame and Monsieur Vouaux, our landlady and landlord,
have been more like hosts than anything else, and we have been their petted guests. Fresh butter and eggs and broiled
chicken, three things almost unheard of in France now, have been our daily fare; and when plump little Monsieur
goes a-hunting, we are the ones who enjoy his catch of rabbit or partridge — and all because we are Americans. Not
one single peasant that we have talked to, but what their eyes fill with tears when they speak of America and what
she has done for France — 'It is you who have verily saved la France; without you we had been lost.'
"Yesterday was All Saints Day, such a flocking down to the village church of peasants from the surrounding farms,
all dressed in their Sunday best. After the mass, every one went out to the graveyard and put wreaths and crosses
of flowers on the graves; then knelt down beside them and said a prayer for the dead. Many of the wreaths and
crosses were tied with broad ribbons of red, white and blue, and stamped on the ribbon in gold letters, 'Mort Pour
la Patrie' {died for the country). Imagine the picture; a wild, windy day with dead leaves blowing about, from
the high cathedral steeple, bells tolling, and in the churchyard all these black-clothed figures kneeling, then the bright
splashes of colored flowers, orange, pink, purple and red — the women's white net coifs like birds perching on their
heads.
"This afternoon we go back to Paris and there receive our new orders. What will they be — aviation camp or
canteen? I rather like the feeling that it isn't up to me to decide which — we are told to go and we go."
"November 8th.
"At last we are with them, 'our boys,' and in one of the most active and exciting American Headquarters in France.
We left Paris yesterday on an early morning train and after about an hour out we struck Chateau Thierry. From
there we followed the Marne battlefield as far as Dormans. It was a most thrilling sight, those towns battered to
ruins, trees struck down, fields and hillsides peppered with all sizes of shell holes; we saw many dugouts, and scat-
tered all about, small bare graves marked with a simple wooden cross and the steel helmet of the soldier buried there
— I saw one with a Boche helmet on the cross. Well, it was a most interesting ride, and when our train began to
move more slowly, we realized that we were going to be awfully late. When it got dark and we were allowed no
lights whatever, but passed along in utter darkness, why then it wasn't very difficult to realize that we were quite
in the war zone. You know I was pleased to death when during a stop I heard a voice outside our compartment
window mutter, 'They ain't a-goin' to pull out yit.' That was real American talk, as the poilus say. Soon we arrived
at Toul.
"November 12th.
"Now it has come. Peace! I think I never should have been able to realize the glorious truth of it if I had been
any place else in the world but just here with these mobs of wild Yanks. Yesterday was the most thrilling one of all
my life, and here's a full account of it.
"About 10.45 in the morning I leisurely made my way down into the town to look up some place for us to sleep
Buffalo's Part in the World War 321
this winter, some place where we could be just warm enough so that I might be able to hold a pen to write a letter.
Well, I dropped into the Y. W. C. A. Hostess House, and the person in charge calmly said, 'And what will all you
girls do now that peace is declared?' 'Well, we can't count on that yet,' said L 'Why, my dear child, don't you
know that the Armistice has been signed and that the armies cease fighting at eleven o'clock this morning? All the
bells in Toul will ring out the hour.'
"Well, I took a look at my watch and then tore — it was just five minutes to eleven. I made about si.xty miles an
hour to the apartment, and as I flew up the stairs the chimes began their pealing. I burst into our room and gasped,
'Al, do you know what those bells mean? They mean Peace!' With that Al and Muggsy Davis burst into tears.
The joy was too great. I went out on our balcony and looked up at the sky and just felt the great sensation of peace
come rolling in. Up over my head six huge American aeroplanes were circling about to the tune of the chimes, and
it was quite overwhelming. I thought of the sight I had seen from this same balcony only the day before, a Hun
plane hurling down to earth, and then of the boom of cannon that had kept up steadily all during last night — our
Yanks firing on Metz. Eleventh Hour, eleventh day, eleventh month, 1918 — and all hostilities ceased.
"Well, then I couldn't stay out of the streets any longer, and so I joined the crowd that was swelling every minute,
and we swayed down to the town square. And still people really couldn't believe it. But there were the official signs
already posted up on the street corners: 'Germany having accepted all the conditions of the Entente, we will cease
fighting at eleven o'clock to-day.' There was such a broad grin on everybody's face and such a tremendous one on
mine that I really was in pain.
"From four o'clock to seven, I, with two others, poured hot chocolate, served cakes and sandwiches, and gave out
cigarettes to a never-ending line of Khaki boys.
'"All free to-day, boys, the Red Cross is giving a party. We are celebrating the Kaiser's funeral.' Oh! It was great!
"I had all sorts of presents handed me over the counter, a gas ma.sk, a piece of ribbon a kid had taken oft' a Ger-
man's iron cross, an aviator's pin, etc. The boys all wanted to talk about home, and the one question of the day was,
'When are we going home, Nurse?' I heard so many stories that were more thrilling and romantic than any I have
ever read in books.
"At seven the new shift arrived and it was time for my dinner, but Muggsy rushed in — 'The French are singing
over at the station, it's great, come on over.' Of course, I went. There was a huge, dimly-lighted smoking room
with a mob of Poilus and Yanks all singing at the top of their lungs to the accompaniment of one shrill mouth organ.
" Mugs and I started towards home when we caught the notes of a band coming toward us. It was our 53rd regi-
mental brass band and they were crashing out, 'Over There.' Jove, it was too thrilling! So Mugs and I got in the
crowd of soldiers that were marching along and we all marched up to the square in front of the station and had a
band concert. There was a long high concrete construction overlooking the crowd and a bunch of soldiers standing
up on it. I said to Mugs, ' I won't be happy until I get up there.' So many hands were reached down for us and we
were hoisted up in a jiffy. One boy standing right on the tip end of the construction and under a bright street light
had been giving a most startling pantomime with a French and an American flag to the tune of the music, and when
he caught sight of me in my Red Cross veil, he beckoned wildly for me to come over. I hated to, said I wouldn't
'do anything conspicuous,' but he insisted and the boys handed me over till I was in his place and he in back of me
with the two flags. Well, I always thought one's wedding was the only time that one could be really conspicuous,
but know now that I was mistaken. The boys down there yelled, 'Hurrah for the Red Cross,' and smiled up and
waved their caps. You know it was quite overwhelming. Then the band and crowd moved on and a bunch of dough-
boys in an official car took us down into the town to see the sights. Yanks were giving a concert in the square and
every one was laughing and smiling, French and American ofHcers and men and a handful of women. The band
played, 'Home, Sweet Home,' — they ragged it, and waltzed it and did everything to make it gay.
"And now it is the day after, the 12th of November, 1918, and in thirty-five minutes I am due at the canteen to
pour chocolate and serve sandwiches, and talk to the boys — the last the best of all the game.
"I have never before appreciated the wonderful respect of our boys for their women. It is a thing to be proud of.
They treat us as though we might break if handled roughly, and I think would kill a man for using language in front
of us that wasn't clean. I am terribly proud of them."
"Hotel Madison, 49 Rue des Petits-Champs, Paris, November 21st.
"Hold your breath and listen. I'm coming Home! Yes, the die is cast. To-day Spen engaged passage for Al and
me on the S. S. Lorraine, sailing from Bordeaux on Monday, the 2d of December. We are walking on air, we are so
happy, even though we had to take a second-class cabin, all the first-class being crammed full. But who should worry?
"Well, dear parents, good night and bientot. Vive I'Amerique.
" Doris."
322 Buffalo's Part in the World War
CHAPTER XCI
LIEUTENANT COLONEL POOLEY LEADS REGIMENT INTO GERMANY
THOSE who have followed the Buffalo boys through the many battles in which the American
forces were conspicuous may feel inclined to go with them to the end. One might follow
Colonel Donovan's 42d Division, or go with Buffalo soldiers in the First or Second Division.
Another Buffalo officer, however, who had entered into active combat work shortly before the
Armistice was signed was destined to lead one of the first American regiments into Germany.
From the time the Buffalo boys reached Camp Wadsworth at Spartanburg Buffalonians
generally lost track of Colonel Kemp, Colonel Howland, Lieutenant Colonel Pooley, Captain
Ralph Robertson and other Buffalo officers of the old National Guard. Neither Colonel How-
land nor Colonel Kemp were given front line assignments while overseas, but Lieutenant
Colonel Pooley was finally assigned to the 7th Infantry attached to the Third Division, and
got into the fighting during the final few days of the Argonne battle. He held the rank of
Lieutenant Colonel, in the 7th Regiment, and went with them through the last phase of the
Argonne.
The Third Division was one of the first divisions selected for the army of occupation. Buffalo-
nians are thus afforded an opportunity to make the trip to the Rhine with a Buffalo Lieutenant
Colonel who did not fail his friends at that period. He sent several letters, particularly interest-
ing were those to Attorney Simon Fleischmann, a war enthusiast. Fleischmann was an enthusiast
not only because Colonel Pooley enjoyed the distinction of being his law partner, but, as an addi-
tional reason, he had a son in service. The father of a private and the partner of a Lieutenant
Colonel, Attorney Fleischmann was a thoroughly interested and aroused patriot.
Colonel Pooley who was detailed as Superior Provost Court for the trial of German civilians
for offenses against the laws of war, wrote as follows:
"We are in the first line of the Army of Occupation and have been marching since the 16th.
We are now resting in a little town just north of Diedenhofen. or Thionville, as it is now called,
and are on the Moselle River, just south of the Luxembourg line. Do not know where we are
headed for, but looks like either Coblenz or Mainz. What we have seen is almost indescribable.
We proceeded the first day in trucks — seven hundred trucks, with French officers in command
and with Chinese drivers. Adding my Italian orderly to this combination makes whatever little
confusion that occurred at the Tower of Babel of no consequence. When we reached the bad
roads of No Man's Land we got oft' the trucks and began to hike, marching through town after
town in ruins, and mile after mile without seeing a soul. Trenches everywhere and line after
line of barbed wire entanglements, dugouts and machine gun emplacements and concrete pill
boxes dotted the whole country.
"The Germans apparently intended to remain permanently. As we went along we occupied
luxurious officers' clubhouses, with electric light systems and all modern conveniences, including
fleas that showed their hospitality by taking liberal meals. Flea bites swell up quite like mosquito
bites, only more so, and itch frightfully, and I am covered with them — bites, I mean, for after
diligent search I have not been able to capture a flea.
"When we crossed from France into Lorraine, the change was most noticeable. The Germans
had stripped France of everything, but in Lorraine matters were running along about as usual.
Our fii'st billet in Lorraine was Montois la Montague. The entire population turned out to meet
us and the children sang the Marseillaise. The town was decorated with red. white and blue and
the women pinned rosettes on us. We had a gi-eat reception in Diedenhofen and I should say
there is no question where the Lorrainians stand. Hundreds of men escaped and joined the French
army, and I actually saw groups of German soldiers and groups of French soldiers returning home
to the same village. There was no ill-feeling, but all were glad to get home.
Buffalo's Part in the World War 323
"It would do your heart good to see children running out to meet their fathers. In Monhofen
I was billeted in a home where both father and son had been killed in the German army. Mother
and daughter were all that was left, and their hate for all that was German was not put on. Occa-
sionally there is a sour face, but it looks as if the sentiment of this Province was almost unani-
mously French, and our troops who are in Luxembourg report the same feeling there. Every-
body seems to hate the Germans."
Later on he wrote: "We have been marching on the Rhine, and are now within sight of Bach-
arach. We have been billeted in various small towns, and one night we slept on the ground in
the Idarwald. You see, we have missed all the large towns. We crossed the Moselle at Schangon,
and the Saar at Saarburg. The latter is most picturesque, but we had little time to absorb it,
as night was coming on and we had a bad hill ahead. In fact, we are up hill and down hill all
the time, and the going has been bad. The country is beautiful — one great park — and we are
having absolutely no trouble with the inhabitants. Apparently, most of the German soldiers
living west of the Rhine had been released, and are most respectful. The children run to meet us
or wave from windows and we get the best there is in the town where we are billeted.
"We have talked with the people, as we went along, and find that affairs in Germany are in a
more or less chaotic condition. The people are depressed and feel their defeat keenly, but show
no signs of suffering, otherwise. They complain of shortage of food, but there is no evidence of
it, except, perhaps, in the large cities. The great majority are very bitter toward the German
government and appear to have been certain of victory up to three months ago. Some sympa-
thize with the Kaiser and say he was led into the war by the ruling class, but the majority say,
good riddance, and I have yet to hear a good word for the Crown Prince or Ludendorff. Hinden-
burg has remained with the army and is still the popular idol.
"I talked with one well informed man, who told me that the German people had had their
thinking done for them by the government so long, that they were now all at sea and, apparently,
unable to decide what was best to be done; that everything was new and strange to them. But
that they would have a republic of some kind, whether one large state or several states, he could
not say, or what states would go in. He was sure that the German people would rule themselves
from now on, and that, when the truth about the war came out, the guilty would be punished.
I have given you, for what it is worth, the political situation, generally. My impressions are, as
I have said, based on talks with various people as we went along."
A few days later Colonel Pooley vtrote: "We ai-e now probably in permanent billets, holding
the left or northern side of the Coblenz bridgehead. We left Bacharach last Sunday and marched
down the Rhine, through Coblenz to Andernach, which is on the Rhine, about twelve miles north
of Coblenz. This Rhine country is beautiful beyond description. The march last Sunday from
Bacharach to Bappard, where we spent the night, was a real treat. The road was fine and the
sun was out all day and we had a good chance to see the ruins of all the old castles on the Rhine.
"The people continue to receive us cordially. Monday night we were billeted in the home of a
former Krupp director, a very fine mansion wdth all modern conveniences. We had the best in
the house, the family moving to another part of the house during our stay. Two of the sons had
just returned from service in the army. Our host was an excellent musician and willingly enter-
tained us with much classical music. On Tuesday night I stayed with a manufacturer who has
degrees from two universities. He was most courteous and when we took possession of a' hotel
next day he urged me to make my home with him during my stay in this city.
"The deeper we get into Germany the greater the collapse seems to be. The people show no
resentment, though the unanimous opinion seems to be that America turned the trick. They do
not seem to know what to do and act quite like children. A very prominent lady of Bappard,
said to me that America, having beaten Germany down, owed a duty to the world to exercise a
protectorate over it until they were able to do for themselves, which she thought would not be
for years, if ever. The fact is, they are all terribly discouraged. My learned host of night before
last asked if it was true that America would take no money or territory from Germany, and
324 Buffalo's Part in the World War
when I assured him that was our present policy, he exclaimed: 'Oh, if all nations were only
like that. You are truly an ideal people.' He also expressed the opinion that if a buffer state
could be created from the Rhinelands under the protection of America, war would be ended for
all time.
"Prices here are terrible. An overcoat costs 550 marks and a hat 75. Marks have dropped
considerably. We are paid in francs, and have exchanged 100 francs for as high as 165 marks.
The rate of exchange here seems to be 100 for 135. A few months ago, it was 100 francs for 80
marks. Grippe has been raging here for some time, and the death rate is about ten daily. What
food there is, is very dear, and the returned German soldiers are roaming the streets out of work.
However, people appear to be far better preserved and dressed than the French and they have
coal, which the French did not have.
"We are restricted strictly to our own area. The bridgeheads are being fortified and we made
the approach to the Rhine on the theory that we might have to fight at any time. It was a line
that was advanced and not columns, and as we were on the extreme right of the American sector
you can imagine that it was some arc we swung over. We went miles out of our way and took up
different positions for various tactical and strategical reasons.
"The Germans are making a good impression, in fact, I cannot understand how they could
carry on the war so ferociously for years and be as subservient as they are now. We are the most
tolerant of the Allies, and yet we are bearing down hard. Every inhabitant over twelve has to
carry an identification card and in addition each house must have a list of people living in it
posted on the front door. We have taken all their arms and ammunition up and they submit to
every regulation graciously and with the utmost alacrity."
Buffalo's Part in the World War 825
CHAPTER XCII
BUFFALO BOYS STAND BY AS GERMAN FLEET SURRENDERS
A FTER Buff alonians at home and abroad had celebrated the signing of the armistice, and Doris
ZA Kellogg with her canteen workers had celebrated for the American girls, and the American
"*- -^ doughboys and artillery supporters had celebrated on the battlefields of France, and the civil-
ians of London, Paris, New York and every other great city of the allied countries had torn loose in a
tumult of enthusiasm, it was left for the humble "Gobs" of Uncle Sam's Navy to bring into port
Germany's fleet with the German flag struck. Norman Bewley, son of Lieutenant L M. Bewley,
of the Buffalo Fire Department, residing at 253 Purdy Street, was aboard the U. S. Battleship
Texas, which proudly led the conquered fleet into port. This is the story of that eventful
day as Bewley tells it :
"To-day we brought the German fleet in, not once did they whine, all quiet, and every man on
the Texas is breathing easier. I'm proud as a peacock, feel as important as Admiral Beatty,
although I'm minus the Victory Cross, etc. This has been a big day, and it will no doubt go
down in history, and I'm throwing out my chest 'cause I was there.' Few have had the honor
of seeing the pick of the German high seas fieet flying white flags from their fore trucks. Thank
heaven, the censors are no more, so here's the dope:
"We put to sea at 3.35 o'clock this morning, and made for rendezvous. By we I mean the
British Grand Fleet, us five Yanks, and a French cruiser with two French destroyers. I was up
early looking for Mr. Hun, as I was uneasy and anxious, for we never thought things would go
as they did, but that he would show fight. At 8.46 o'clock, according to the log, they were spotted
coming through the mist. First one was picked up about 19,000 yards away, and then another
and another till the fourteen loomed up on the horizon. At 8.47 o'clock general headquarters
sounded.
"All hands manned their stations, and believe me it was quiet. No one said much, we just
stood there waiting to hear our pieces speak or for our rigging to be carried away. It got to be 10
o'clock and still nothing happened, so one by one we went above to see things. When I got up
the Germans were steaming in a column of 6,000 yards to port of us, their leader flying a white
flag from his truck. We were in a column, some nineteen first class fighting ships, waiting for
Fritz to get lippy. A similar column to ours was on his other side, but could not be seen, due
to the fog.
"We steamed along in this formation at ten knots, right into the Firth of Forth; where we
Yanks dropped out of line, going to our regular berths, while the British attended to the Dutch-
men. I can't understand for the life of me why they handed over those ships without a fight.
They were the finest they have, very formidable looking customers, no doubt of our caliber. As
we steamed along with them, they did not seem like the enemy we've laid for these nine months,
but looked like a division of our own fleet, though we know instantly by looking at them they
were German ships.
"We were primed to a million, cleared for action and had all spotters on the job till we anchored.
Ranges and deflections were being sung out just as though we were to open on them. We anchored
shortly after 2 o'clock. It's now near midnight and all's well. We lay in the Firth of Forth,
just outside of the bridge, and find South Queensferry, Delmaney or Inverketing on the map and
you will have our location.
" It sounds odd being able to tell you this. This pretty near ends things up, I'm glad so say —
no more war or death watches, no more darkened ships, no more four-hour liberties, no more stand-
ing by to get underway, no more wild goose chases after Fritz, 'cause we've got him in our back
yard now."
326 Buffalo's Part in the World War
MAYOR PROCLAIMS TUESDAY, DAY
OF HOMECOMING, CIVIC HOLIDAY
^EXT Tuesday will witness the return of the veterans of the 106th
Field Artillery and the 108th Infantry, two of the units which
helped to write the glorious history that for all time will make
the name of the 27th Division, A. E. F. famous in the military annals of
the world's mightiest nation.
There is little that we who remained at home can do to fitly show our
appreciation of the deeds wrought by these returniyig heroes on the battle-
fields of France and Flanders, but the time immediately followiyig their
arrival in Buffalo should of right be held sacred to the joy of home circles,
soon to be reunited after years of separation and. anxiety.
Some outward manifestations of the deep feeling of love and honor
which all Biiffalo feels for the members of her old regiments will, however,
be attempted.
It is needless here to sketch even in outline the story of the deathless
glory of the men whose return we are now aivaiting. Let it suffice to say
that never kid a community greater cause for joyous pride tlmn has
Buffalo on the return of her sons of the old 65th and 701 Regiments.
To the end that this feeling may be made manifest by all our people,
I declare next Tuesday, April 1st, a civic holiday, directing that all
schools and municipal offices be closed throughout the day and urging, so
far as practicable, the closing of the city's industrial plants and com-
mercial houses, that all our people may unite in one mighty outburst of
welcome.
Given under my hand and the seal of the City of Buffalo this 28th
day of March, in the year of our Lord, One Thousand Nine Hundred
and Nineteen.
George S. Buck,
Mayor.
Buffalo's Part in the World War
327
CHAPTER XCIII
WHEN JOHNNY CAME MARCHING HOME
WHILE the Buffalo boys in the Army of Occupation were tramping triumphantly into Ger-
many, the casuals wei'e drifting back into Buffalo from the hospitals of Paris and London.
Boys who were shot down on the Vesle River and at St. Mihiel for the most part had been
returned to their regiments before the Armistice was signed. Those wounded in the early days of
the Argonne fighting who had recovered sufficiently to be moved at that time were not put back
into service but were sent home. With their arrival in Buffalo came the first real stories of the
warfare on the Western Front. The sufferings and hardships of the American fighters all so
gallantly borne and so little complained of seeped in here and there and soon folks at home learned
the true story of the ravages of the gas shells, the terrible smashes of the bursting shrapnel, the
wicked clips of the machine bullets, the everlasting friendship of the cooties, the eating of monkey
meat and the delight of sleeping in the mud, the innumerable nights in the shell holes and the
unending weeks without a bath — and all this from the boys who had experienced its every phase.
Letters minus the censor's veneer began to arrive about that time and the horrors and achieve-
ments of the war were soon matters of general knowledge.
It became evident that the return of the troops would be hurried, and Buffalo immediately
prepared to meet her home-coming soldiers. There was talk of erecting an immense arch at
Lafayette Square. Commissioner Malone sounded out sentiment on that project. While some
favored it, the preponderance of opinion seemed to be that the money could be more advanta-
geously spent in other ways. Work at the great munition plants had stopped with the signing of
Veterans of 102d Trench Mortar Battery
First of Buffalo's overseas men to reach home
Buffalo's Part in the World War 329
the Armistice. The Curtiss Aeroplane plant with its many thousdiids of employes closed down
quickly and throngs of workingmen found themselves without employment. The returning
soldiers offered a problem in the labor field. The City under the direction of Mayor Buck
established a municipal employment bureau to procure employment for returning soldiers.
Herbert E. Crouch was named chairman of the committee which contained the following
members:
Viee-Chairmen, John W. Cowper, Arthur E. Hedstrom, C. Breckenridge Porter; Executive Secretary, C. G.
McLelland; Executive Committee, Frank B. Baird, Frank F. Henry, Robert Lacey, W. W. Reilley, William S.
Rogers, Langdon B. Wood, Arthur B. Warner; General Committee, E. J. Barcalo, Humphrey Birge, Emanuel
Boasberg, J. H. Bradley, M. F. Ciccarelli, John L. Clawson, William H. Crosby, William H. Donner, Harl Eslick,
James Cary Evans, Nisbet Grammer, Charles L. Gurney, W. R. Heath, Howard Heston, Lyman P. Hubbell, C. H.
McCuUough, Jr.; James H. McNulty, George B. Mathews, Henry May, Jas. McC. Mitchell, Maxwell M. Nowak,
Enrico Ortalani. W. H. Sanford, Charles B. Thomas, Frank M. Tipton, C. C. Townsend, M. S. Tremaine, Newton
E. Turgeon, George P. Urban, R. T. Wheeler, A. H. Whitford, Philip J. Wickser, W. A. Wickwire, Ansley Wilcox,
Ralph G. Wright and C. R. WyckofiF.
A committee to welcome the returning soldiers was named by Mayor Buck on authorization
of the Council. Colonel Newton E. Turgeon of the 74th Regiment was made chairman of the
committee, the other members being:
Vice-Chairman, William W. Reilley; Secretary, Robert W. Elmes; Treasurer, Ernest W. M'Intyre; Executive
Committee, Dr. Charles R. Borzilleri, Patrick H. Cochrane, Mrs. Joseph P. Devine, Henry J. Girvin, Finley H.
Greene, Charles M. Heald, Rev. Samuel V. V. Holmes, Ralph S. Kent, Rabbi Louis J. Kopald, Robert Lacey,
Rev. Henry A. Mooney, Mrs. Theodore M. Pomeroy, Frank Ruszkiewicz, Captain Ansley W. Sawyer, Mrs.
Harry B. Spaulding; General Committee, Colonel C. E. P. Babcock, General Louis L. Babcock, Frederick G.
Bagley, Rev. Nelson H. Baker, Frank A. Barone, Rev. E. Robert Bennett, Lucius Bigelow, Samuel B. Botsford,
Major A. E. Brownrigg, Dr. C. Frank Bruso, Edward H. Butler, Bishop William Burt, Mrs. Thomas B. Carpenter,
William H. J. Cole, William J. Conners, Jr.; Walter P. Cooke, George G. Davidson, Jr.; John De Vicq, Frank A.
Dorn, Joseph F. Eltges, Charles A. Finnegan, Mrs. Frank W. Fiske, Jr.; Mrs. David Foley, Mrs. Howard A. For-
man. General George C. Fox, Louis P. Fuhrmann, Joseph E. Gavin, General John C. Graves, John Grimm, Jr.;
Carmelo Gugino, Colonel J. George Haffa, Ernest C. Hartwell, Alonzo G. Hinkley, Edward B. Holmes, Mrs. John
Miller Horton, Clifford Hubbell, Colonel Lyman P. Hubbell, Mrs. Allan D. Husted, General Edgar B. .Jewett,
Arthur W. Rreinheder, Dr. F. Park Lewis, John Linsman, Charles H. M'Cullough, Jr.; Elliott C. McDougal,
Frank S. McGraw, James H. McNulty, Clarence MacGregor, Norman E. Mack, John F. Malone, Capt. Christian
Mathisean, George E. Matthews, James M. Mead, Henry D. Miles, Edward P. Murphy, Maxwell M. Nowak, Leon
Olszenski, Julian Park, Rev. Alex. Pitass, Inerio Randaccio, William S. Rann, Mrs. Horace Reed, Major G. Barrett
Rich, Jr.; William A. Rogers, Walter A. Schaffer, Charles Bennett Smith, James B. Stafford, Frank B. Steele, Mrs.
Walter W. Steele, Daniel J. Sweeney, Mrs. Nelson S. Taylor, Major Richard H. Templeton, Commander Charles
F. Ulrich, George Urban, Jr.; William F. Waldow, Captain Hamilton Ward, Rudolph J. Warner, Colonel John B.
Weber, General Samuel M. Welch, Alfred H. Whitford, John G. Wickser, Colonel Charies J. Wolf, Albert B. Wright.
The two committees began at once the preparation of plans to function along the lines pro-
posed. Before the last named committee had scarcely organized the first detachment of returning
men arrived. The members of Troop I, the little old cavalry troop of which Colonel Donovan
had been commander in the earlier days, and who had fought through the Argonne offensive back
of the 33d Division, arrived in Hoboken on January 24, 1919, and were immediately sent to Camp
Upton. The local committee had not fully organized, and, accordingly, there was no welcoming
committee on the dock to greet the returning troopers, but all received telegrams from home
and were extremely happy.
After the men were counted up at Camp Upton it was found that just 48 members of the Battery
had returned to America, the balance having been transferred to the 308th Trench Mortar Battery
a short time before their old outfit sailed for home. Of those back, thirty-six were Buffalo boys.
Leaving Camp Upton with their discharges safely tucked away in their pockets the boys arrived
in Buffalo on Wednesday, February 5th. Buffalo had an exceptionally pleasant month of Feb-
ruary in the year 1919. We experienced no severe cold weather, had lots of sunshine, and the
date on which the first contingent of Buffalo soldiers returned, while not the warmest of the
month, was clear and bright. The Express told, on the following day, the story of the boys'
return;
330
Buffalo's Part in the World War
■■ Alauielaiiiu" Steaming I p the lUiUouii lUver to llobuken Tier wilh 108th Infantry
"Buffalo gave a dramatic, joyful welcome to her first contingent of returned soldier heroes yesterday when thirty-six
members of the 102d trench mortar battery, came proudly home after several months in the war zone. From the
time their train reached the station at 10.30 o'clock yesterday morning until the last dance had been finished at the
Knights of Columbus service club last night, Buffalo poured forth its tribute to the lads who have brought glory
and honor to the city.
"The troops reached the city on a special train over the New York Central, and, when they detrained, a clamorous,
insistent throng of relatives, friends and admirers rushed past the station guards, brushed a cordon of police aside
and gave them a greeting that must have been in strange contrast to the scenes through which they passed during
the great conflict.
"For a time it looked as though the carefully-laid plans of the committee of welcome, under Colonel Newton E. Tur-
geon, would come to naught. Members of the committee pleaded with the men, women and children who insisted upon
greeting their heroes in the way they saw tit regardless of the arrangements planned by the committee. It was some time
before the semblance of order could be restored and the men of the 102d battery fell into line for their march of triumph
through long lines of eager, welcoming thousands who flanked Main Street for blocks with a solid mass of humanity.
"With heads erect, eyes alight with vigor and health and their faces tanned to a rudd.v glow the thirty-six men
tramped through Main Street to the accompaniment of handclapping, cheers and the shrieking of hundreds of whistles.
Flags fluttered from every point of vantage and automobile sirens joined in the pandemonium of welcome. It was a
scene that was strangely reminiscent of the peace day celebration, when cheering thousands poured through the
downtown streets and cheered until they could no longer articulate.
"Yesterday's march through Main Street brought out thousands who gave full vent to long pent emotions. Mingled
with the cheers and the cheery, ' God bless you,' of the crowd which lined the sidewalks and overflowed onto the
pavements could be heard, now and then, the stifled sob of a man or woman as the scene brought to their memory
lost ones who will never return.
"Factory whistles began their shrieking salvos of welcome at 9.55 o'clock, the time the train bearing the men was
scheduled to arrive in the city. For more than fifteen minutes they continued their lusty welcome for the heroes.
"The soldiers were met at the station by a delegation composed of Colonel Newton E. Turgeon, chairman of the
citizens' committee named by Mayor Buck in charge of the reception of homecoming troops, Councilmen Charles
M. Heald, Arthur W. Kreinheder and Frederick G. Bagley, City Clerk Daniel .J. Sweeney and Chairman Frank A.
Dorn of the Board of Supervisors.
"Their escort consisted of a detail of mounted police, a band, and a detachment of the 74th Regiment under com-
mand of Captain Ansley W. Sawyer. The line formed on Exchange Street and the route of march was Exchange
Street to Main, to Tupper to Pearl.
Buffalo's Part in the World War 331
"Several minutes before the parade started it became evident that the detail of mounted police had a difficult
task on their hands. Exchange Street was a seething mass of human beings, each apparently intent upon being first
to greet the soldier lads. As the column reached Main and Exchange streets hundreds of belated welcomers rushed
from the lower end of the main thoroughfare and literally surrounded the returned heroes. Their progress through
Main Street was repeatedly interrupted by enthusiastic friends who disregarded the Police escort and rushed into
the street to grasp their friends by the hand to extend their heartfelt greetings upon their safe arrival home.
"A stirring scene was enacted at Pearl and Tupper streets, where relatives and friends of the men gathered in large
numbers to greet them with all the cordiality and happiness they have been hoarding for weary months. The motor
corps girls drew the curtain on this touching scene when they snatched up the men in waiting automobiles and whisked
them away to the 74th Regiment Armory, where they received the official welcome of the city and what's just as
important — their first feed in the home town in many months.
"The soldiers and their relatives arrived at the armory at n.30 o'clock and were ushered into the reception hall
where Colonel Turgeon spoke of the arrangements the city had made on short notice. He told the men that the
welcome would have been twice as vociferous and much bigger if definite information regarding the time of their
arrival and whether or not they were coming home in a body had been forthcoming sooner.
"Councilman Heald was introduced as the speaker to extend the official greeting for the city. He said:
"'Ladies and gentlemen and boys of the 102d — and I use the word 'boys' in the reverence and respect and love
it carries rather than say 'men' — we welcome you home with full hearts, appreciating as we do the wonderful work
you have done for us abroad so nobly and so well.
"'You have placed America at the top of the pinnacle of nations, so that the other nations of the world look up
to us with respect.
"'It is not due to us at home that we have won this respect. It is due to you who won their respect abroad and
showed them what America truly is and what America is sure to be in the years to come.
"'We have been thousands of miles away from you, but our hearts have been with you every minute of your
absence. The electric chord of love has connected us and carried its message to you across the waters, and if you
have felt the impulses, they have been the reflection of our feeling at home.
"'During the Liberty Loan campaigns, we may have lagged in putting up the money to back you, but when we
realized that you were in the trenches, that you were looking into the mouths of German guns, the response came.
We never lagged then, but came across. We know that you deserved more than we could do.
'"The city of Buffalo welcomes you with a full heart, appreciative of what you have done, and henceforth and for-
ever you will stand in our midst as a living example of what America is and will be.'
"Then followed a luncheon which consisted of everything about which a hungry soldier might dream. The men
enjoyed the meal. As one of them remarked, "Gee, this is some chow. I didn't think I was ever going to get another
one like this.'
"Last night a majority of the men accepted an invitation to dance at the Knight of Columbus service club at
Main and Tupper streets. They danced and feasted until an early hour this morning."
On March 6th the Mauretania carrying the 108th Infantry and other units of the 27th Division
steamed into New York Harbor and docked at Pier Three, Hoboken. The members of the 108th
were quickly transferred to ferry boats for the trip to Camp Merritt, N. J. There they were
put through the cleansing process so essential in removing the last of the cootie visitors from
abroad, and were ready then for demobilization.
Colonel Turgeon, General Louis E. Babcock and Norman E. Mack were members of a com-
mittee which endeavored to induce Secretary Baker to return the 108th Infantry and 106th
Artillery to Buffalo before demobilization, but it was apparent that such a course would neces-
sitate the return of the men to Camp Upton after the Buffalo parade and the plan was abandoned.
General Babcock and Mr. Mack with the co-operation of John Lord O'Brian, then in Washing-
ton, secured an order from the Secretary of War directing that the two regiments be mustered
out on the same day and be permitted to carry their side arms and equipment so that they could
march through the streets of Buffalo in the same military garb they wore as they marched over
the roads of France and Belgium a few months prior thereto.
The New York Reception Committee, appointed by Mayor Hylan, had determined on an
immense parade up Fifth Avenue for the entire Division in order that the Greater City might
tender to the returning soldiers an expression of its love and esteem. The parade was fixed for
March 25th, at which time all elements of the Division were back in camp on American soil.
Under the direction of Mayor Buck and the City Council, headquarters were opened at the
Pennsylvania Hotel by the writer to be known from that time forward for all returning soldiers
of Erie County as "Buffalo and Erie County Headquarters." The Buffalo Committee in New
332
Buffalo's Part in the World War
106th Field Artillery Arriving at Hoboken on Their Return from France
Buffalo's Part in the World War 333
York was augmented by the arrival of General Samuel M. Welch, a former commander of the
65th Regiment — now the 106th Field Artillery; Colonel J. G. Haffa, another former commander
of the same regiment; Captain George H. Norton, City Engineer, and Commissioner Charles M.
Heald, member of the City Council and head of the Department of Finance and Accounts. That
committee greeted the returning members of the 106th Infantry at the Hoboken pier on Thurs-
day March 13th, Major Goodyear and Captain Keeler, met the Buffalo Committee to discuss
the trip home, while the other members of the regiment were hurried to ferry beats for the
trip to Camp Mills where they remained until the parade day in New York.
Buffalo had an exceptionally large representation at the big New York City Reception. The
city committee was headed by Mayor George S. Buck and included Councilmen John F. Malone,
Charles M. Heald, Arthur J. Kreinheder, Frederick G. Bagley; City Clerk D. J. Sweeney, Colonel
N. E. Turgeon, chairman of the Mayor's Reception Committee; Finley H. Greene, chairman and
Frank B. Steele, secretary, of the Buffalo War History Committee; H. E. Crouch, chairman of
the Soldiers' Employment Committee; W. W. Reilly, vice chairman and Ernest Mclntyre,
treasurer of the Mayor's Reception Committee; Chairman Frank Dorn and the following mem-
bers of the Board of Supervisors: Joseph P. Broderick, Edwin F. Jaeckle, J. W. Becker, Thomas
H. McDonough, Lee W. Britting, Howell Drake, J. M. Schwert, John L. Staeber, H. W. Butler and
Alonzo G. Hinkley, Clerk to the Board ; Supervisors Carlton E. Ladd and G. G.Allen joined the com-
mittee later. John Flood, president of the Dauntless Club, was also a member of the Committee.
Many other Buflfalonians were in the throng that filled the immense stand stretching along
Fifth Avenue from 59th to 110th Streets. The day was ideal, the parade passed under giant
arches in the view of cheering crowds, the greatest gathering, probably, in the history of a thorough-
fare that has held America's most notable pageants. Buflfalonians were scattered through the
length of the stands.
After the parade, the soldiers were entrained for Camp Upton to be demobilized. They were
mustered out on the last day of March and as they received their discharges they boarded special
trains over the Lehigh Valley, secured under the direction of General Welch, and on the night
of March 31st, a joyous crowd came up through the Pennsylvania hills to Buffalo, the first train
arriving at the Lehigh's Main Street station at 9.30 A. M. An immense assemblage of relatives
and friends had gathered at the station to meet them, but the police succeeded in keeping a
sufficient space clear to permit the formation of the parade.
Up to that day the weather had been fine. The parade in New York City on the preceding
Tuesday passed under cloudless skies with a temperature which made heavy coats uncomfort-
able. But when the boys reached Buffalo the thermometer had dropped to ten above zero and a
cutting wind filled with fine snow swept the streets and grandstands. It was, undoubtedly, the
coldest day Buffalo experienced that winter. Despite the cold and snow and wind, however,
Buffalonians thronged the sidewalks, filled the immense grandstand at Lafayette Square and
the windows in all the buildings along the line of march. The Buffalonians of that day had seen
their city in every emotion of life. They had viewed her days of pageantry, both those com-
memorating events of glory and of sadness; they had seen her with flags flying and at half mast,
decorated in gladness and stilled in mourning. They had seen the grandeur of the city in that
day of manly pride when the boys had marched away to war, they had seen it in sad and solemn
tribute to the martyred President McKinley, and they had seen the beauty of the city in the
June Day preparedness parade of 1916, but when they saw Buffalo braving the storm, her flags
defying the wind, and her steel-helmeted soldiers marching back from a victorious war through
long lanes of cheering people, they beheld Buffalo in the kind of glory that must have been Rome's.
It was for all the world like some old-time welcoming of the returning heroes. Indeed, it was
just that. The Evening Times of that day said:
"Eighteen months ago — September, 1917 — Buflfalo bade Godspeed to her soldier sons members of the 74th Regi-
ment and the Third Field Artillery, formerly the old 65th, as they marched away at the nation's call to crush Prussian
autocracy.
334
Buffalo's Part in the World War
Mm :t.'w.;,. '
They Broke The Hindenburg Line
108th Infantry marching up Main Street on their return from France.
'To-day Buffalo poured out her heart to these same soldier sons, welcoming them home as among the greatest
heroes of the world war, the city literally outdoing itself when 250,000 people lined every inch of curb, thronged
windows and all points of vantage as the heroes of the 108th Regiment, the Hindenburg line busters; and the 106th
Field Artillery marched from the Lehigh Valley Station to their armories through a lane of cheering, crying and sob-
bing people, and under a canopy of colors and flags, such as the city has never seen before.
"And those boys! What an inspiring thrilling sight they made as they marched up that old Main Street, youths
in years, but veterans of war. There was no mistaking the change in their souls that the hell fires of war had wrought.
Gold service stripes of overseas rating and wound stripes on the majority of uniforms told the story. And among
the vast hundreds of thousands there was not a soul so dead that it was not awakened to a frenzy of cheers as the
gallant heroes swung up Main Street.
"Amid mighty soul stirring cheers from thousands of happy voices, Buffalo's soldiers of the '27th Division, the
boys who busted the Hindenburg line, arrived at the Lehigh Valley at 9.30 o'clock this morning. Nearly 1,500 of
them came in on three long trains, each train within 15 minutes of the other. It was a sight never to be forgotten.
Tanned and happy and looking every part the soldiers they are, the crowd when it caught its first glimpse of these
boys, went wild with delight. It cheered and cheered again. Whistles blew, bands played and bombs burst high in
the air, all in hearty welcome."
As the marching soldiers passed Lafayette Square they were reviewed by the representatives
of the National, State and City governments; Justices of the Supreme Court, and members of
all the war work committees, including the Liberty Loan, Red Cross, War Savings Stamps, War
Camp Community, Y. M. C. A., Knights of Columbus, Jewish Welfare; in fact, every organiza-
tion that had taken a part in the work at home while the fighting force was in training or in action
overseas. On the extreme right, in the gr-andstand stood the remaining members of the G. A. R.
in full uniform, their minds undoubtedly running back to the days of nearly a half century astern,
but their eyes intently fixed on the steel-helmeted marchers in khaki and their voices raised in
an expression of their admiration; on the left of the Grand Army men were the Spanish-American
War veterans joining in the great popular acclaim to the newer heroes.
Mayor Buck, the Council and the representatives of the Board of Supervisors marched at the
Buffalo's Part in the World War 335
head of the parade as far as Lafayette Square and then took their places in the reviewing stand
until the last soldier had passed. Commissioners Heald and Malone and various members of the
Board of Supervisors went from the Reviewing Stand to the 65th Regiment Armory, while Mayor
Buck, Commissioner Kreinheder, Commissioner Bagley and President Dorn of the Supervisors
motored to the 74th Armory. The parade moved on up Main Street through its cheering thou-
sands to North Street where the regiments divided, the 106th going to the 65th Armory and the
108th moving over North Street to the Circle to Porter to Prospect to the Connecticut Street
Armory.
Chairman Turgeon's committee had caterers at both armories and an elaborate lunch was
served for the returning soldiers and their parents. The crush about the armory doors was excep-
tionally heavy and the police had a difficult time in holding back the unticketed thousands who
desired to get inside to extend a welcome hand to the boys.
Those who were fortunate enough to view any portion of the reception will retain in memory
that picture for all time. They may or may not have realized that they were passing through
an historic event. The joy of the boys and of parents shed a radiance over the scene. Women
gi-abbed the boys in their arms and hugged and kissed them, alternately laughing and sobbing,
while the boys returned with equal vigor those expressions of joy and of love. The women were
mothers, wives, sisters, or perhaps, sweethearts of the returning boys; fathers had to take a
second place in that home-coming welcome. It was at the armories, when the parade had finished
and the boys had thrown off their helmets and knapsacks and had laid aside their guns, that
relatives were permitted to meet them. The great armories never had known a happier moment
than that, and probably never will again.
Mayor Buck, following the reception of relatives, expressed the city's formal welcome* to the
boys. At the time he made his address he had been joined by Mayor Carlson of Jamestown and
Mayor Toomey of Lackawanna. Others on the platform were Chairman Kent of the Westfield
Reception Committee; Commissioners Kreinheder and Bagley and a few out-of-town visitors.
While the Mayor, at one armory extended an expression of the city's gratitude and appreciation
and happiness to the boys in their home-coming. Commissioners Heald and Malone expressed
similar sentiments at the other. And after the luncheon was served the men hurried home to
look over the old places and tell to those who loved them best the thrilling story which in the
short space of a year had been woven into their lives.
The men of the 27th Division were followed home within a month by the 42d Division, next
came the men of Base Hospital No. 23, and then, on the heels of the latter, the 77th Division.
The first fighting unit of the selective service men to go overseas was the first to return, and
*"We are so glad you are back that it is hard for us to find ways in which to make you understand our real thoughts and feelings. It is less
than two years ago that you were busy in our midst with your duties in civil life. When the call came to serve the country you left your
work here to take up your duties as soldiers. In the short time since you left us you have been trained as soldiers and have shown your ability
on the field of battle to surpass the best trained troops of Europe. You have done deeds that were held impossible by the wisest of military
judges. Your achievements are a wonderful tribute to your qualities as citizens. For you never could have done what you have were it not that
you were inspired by loyalty to the highest ideals of our American democracy. You saw in the great struggle across the Atlantic something of
more importance than your business, of more value than your home and life itself. It was because you saw all this and felt the inspiration of
the cause that you were able to do such wonderful work as soldiers.
"In the midpt of our rejoicing we do not forget those who went out and have not come back. We do not forget those homes in our-city in
which the ever present sorrow is quickened and made deeper by the general rejoicing of this day. There is nothing that we can do in the expres-
sion of sympathy or in the recognition of the qualities of those who have made the supreme sacrifice that can compensate homes and hearts bereaved
for the loss that is theirs. We can and we will create some lasting memorial to those who gave up their lives that the generations that come
hereafter may be reminded of the sacrifices made by the departed, and that the lives that they laid down may prove to be of double value, first
in the work which they accomplished on the field of battle, and, second, as a constant reminder and inspiration to the living to 'carry on' in the
f.eld of service to the nation.
"To give you some idea of the feeling in the hearts of our people towards the boys in the army and navy who are coming back, let me tell you
that the real difficulty which those have to meet who are trj-ing to welcome and aid these boys is not to find helpers in the work, but to keep the
many volunteers from getting in each others' way. For example, we all know that above every thing else the discharged soldiers and sailors want
to work that they may take again their part in the home life. We had so many agencies trying to find employment for these men that it became
necessary for the mayor to appoint a committee to act as a kind of clearing house and to be a medium of co-operation between them. You will
find this committee at any time on the ground floor of the D. S. Morgan Building. The city purposes not only that every returned soldier and
sailor shall have a job, but that if he needs help while looking for the job the city will give aid to him as a matter of right and justice. To get
this help apply at the office of the Commissioner of Finance and Accounts in the Cit.v Hall.
"A committee is also at work on a history of the part played by our boys in the war and of the chief events in our life at home during the
Fame period. Any soldier or sailor who wants a copy of this book, when published, can have one by applying at the office of the city clerk, in
the City and County Hall. Copies will be sent to the families of those who died in the service.
"A committee of welcome has been in charge of the events of to-day. It has worked hard. There has been much more to do than is involved
in any other kind of local parade. .\s you know it has been the policy of our government to send the men back a few at a time. We all wanted
them to return in units that we might have the chance to turn out and show what we thought of our boys. But until now that has been impos-
sible. It was no small task to win the consent of the government that the 108th Infantry and the 106th Field Artillery might return as units
with their arms and battle flags. We have done our best to give you a welccme right from the heart. You have seen the cheering throngs in
the streets and you know that I am giving expression to their thought when I say to ycu to-day. To-day the city is youis. Do with it as you
will." — From Mayor Buck's Address.
336
Buffalo's Part in the World War
^
A
27th Division Returns to Buffalo
View at Main and Genesee Streets at 10.30 A. M., April 1. 1919, when the 108th Infantry and 106th Field Artillery
(old 74th and 65th i came home from France. Wounded men in autos
Buffalo's Part in the World War
33';
Buffalo Staff Officers Leading 108th Home
they brought with them the record of having advanced their line against the Boche farther than
any other American Division, which meant farther than any of the Allies' fighting divisions. A
parade, along the same generous lines as that of the 27th, was held in New York. Then the Buffalo
men of the Division went to Camp Upton, were demobilized and arrived on special trains over
the Lehigh Valley on Sunday, May 11th. They got into Buffalo in a pouring rainstorm which
had drenched the city all through the preceding night. Notwithstanding the heavy downpour
the sidewalks and reviewing stands were crowded, and the boys were given an enthusiastic wel-
come all along the line of march, which, on this occasion, extended out Main Street as far as
Ferry Street. Seats had been provided for relatives on park benches along the curb near the
end of route, and General Alexander, commander of the Division, who rode at the head of the
parade reviewed the returning soldiers not far from that point.
The 82d Division men were next home, and then came the 78th Division with its large number
of Buffalo and Erie County boys. The first detachment of the last named Division reached
Buffalo on Memorial Day and marched with the members of the G. A. R. in their annual parade.
It was a delightful May day and the throng on the streets knew no bounds. The Blue of '65 and
the Khaki of '18 were cheered alike by the assembled thousands. The other men of the Division
drifted into Buffalo in small detachments.
Among the arrivals from France on May 17th, was a Buffalo Lieutenant, Edward Streeter, a
writer of note whose "Dere Mable" communications from France during the roughest days of
the war, served to take the edge off the gloomy side of soldier life. Not only were his letters
widely read throughout America, but they were a source of keen enjoyment to the boys in the
various divisions in Belgium and France. His letters were the letters of a clean-minded, newly-
made American soldier to his sweetheart at home. This pseudo soldier's knowledge of military'
affairs however, was askew, and there was evidence that his education had been sadly neglected
in his youth. An idea of the merriment this Buffalo boy caused by his letters published in the
338
Buffalo's Part in the World War
Stars and Stripes in France, in the Buffalo Times and in many other American newspapers, may
be gained from the following epistle written upon his arrival at New York shortly after disem-
barking from the " Plattsburgh " with the members of his division:
"Dere Mable: — Here's a surprise for you. Back in old N. Y. U. S. A. I have just brought the whole 322d Field
Artillery along with me on the Plattsburgh after spending fourteen months shooting over the La Belle France dis-
tricts where, as I have often wrote you, the big game was Boche. They are mostly Ohio troops, but that don't hurt
the division any.
"There was forty-one other officers besides yours truly, and 1,359 enlisted men, who probably wondered why they
wusn't officers.
"My cherrie, next to a AI maynew, which is broken Soissons for eats, what I wanted most was to see your face,
but it was'nt on the Hoboken peer. I know cause I could pick it out enywhere, I could not forget it, if you want a
gallic compliment. That's me all over, Mable, something if not blarney.
"You'll be glad to see me in my soldier scenery with a bar on each shoulder, and I here they is getting scarce in
this home of the free lunch. I wisht I might have come back a general or something for you but, say le gerre, as they
put it over at the piece conference. Enyhow I'll treat you with the same old uniform courtesy, which went big as
humor in Paris. I don't yet know how I think of them fast like that.
"I suppose you couldn't be at the peer because that old liver of your father's needed you to home. Mable, I have
brought back a cure for him. We scared the liver right outen the Boche and I bet you even I can do it to your old
man so he'll never bother you agen.
"I here you have went and given out to the public prince a lot of my private letters to you. Isn't this out of the
tres ordinary. All the reporters pulled Dere Mable stuff on me to-day when I landed and I could'nt believe it of you.
Now you'll have me kept writing stuff for months probably for skindicates and such, like everybody else who has
been in France and you know my motto is silence gives consent. I'll have to associate with authors, and God and
the censors only know what they have did to this war.
"Well, from here I hike it to Camp Merrit for a spelling and then we take a transfer to Camp Sherman, which, no
matter what the old general himself said, can't be no worse than the Argonne. Then my discharge and then Mable
you can unpack my kit and e.xamine the souvenirs I brought from the trenches. I don't mean what you do.
Yours to the 14th point."
During the last days of May and early days of June banquets innumerable were held in all
parts of the city. Every locality celebrated the return of the men with a locality celebration of
106th Field Artillery in Home-Coming Parade
Buffalo's Part in the World War 339
some sort. Buffalo at that period had a banquet board in nearly every room and hall large
enough to hold a gathering of any dimension. Family dinners in honor of returning boys were
as numerous as the minute notches on the clock, and all places of entertainment were adorned
with the khaki of the army and the navy blue. Various bureaus providing employment for the
soldiers worked diligently in placing the returning men, but there was not much difficulty in
finding jobs for the boys. Substantially eveiy firm made good on its service flag by providing
a job for every star on the flag; the boys for the most part returned to their old positions.
Councilman Charles M. Heald had conceived an idea, soon after the signing of the Armistice,
of giving to every mother who had furnished a boy for the United States a medal emblematic of
the city's esteem. The medals were distributed during the latter days of May by Commissioner
Heald to the mothers as they assembled at the high schools in an answer to an invitation from
the city. The medals were of bronze with the city seal stamped upon them, and bearing an
inscription expressive of the city's esteem, the whole constituting a splendid municipal tribute to
the mothers of Buffalo soldiers. The Board of Supervisors issued a similar medal to the mothers
of soldiers throughout the towns.
And thus every honor that the municipality could bestow and every service the municipality
could render in the way of a home coming reception having been performed, the men and their
families settled back again into the routine life of the community, and the war remained but a
memory.
340 Buffalo's Part in the World War
CHAPTER XCIV
PUTTING HANDCUFFS ON DISLOYALTY
As America entered into the war it became necessary to combat the wide-spread German
ZA propaganda which had been assiduously promulgated. No end of money was made avail-
■^ -^ able for the agents of the Hohenzollern dynasty to carry on their diversified attempts to
corrupt American sentiment, and, where possible, to retard American manufacturers and to destroy
generally the facilities for the production and transportation of war materials in this country.
Intrigue in America was carried on primarily through the agency of Count von Bernstorff, the
German diplomatic representative, and it was through his bad offices that the effort of Minister
Zimmermann at Berlin to foment an uprising in Mexico and Japan against the United States was
assiduously promoted.
When the United States Government seized the great wireless plants at Sayville and Tuckerton
shortly after the declaration of war they disclosed a network of espionage and intrigue. Those
plants were German owned and had transmitted 30,000 messages.
Seven large German-owned woolen mills at Passaic, N. J., refused to accept Government work,
and some of these even declined to raise the American flag. Those plants were then taken over
by Uncle Sam, and soon thereafter were turning out uniforms to clothe American soldiers in their
battle against the armed forces of the Imperial German Government.
The German-American Lumber Company, owned by a cousin of the former Kaiser, controlled
St. Andrew's Bay, Fla., nearest southern port to the Panama Canal. When the United States
agents reported that institution as disloyal, the Government seized it, and discovered that the
Company's office in Pittsburgh was a spy center. They knew nothing of the lumber business, but
the Company's files were choked with German literature, propaganda and correspondence. In
every city, spies were at work. The German Government had planned for many years the exten-
sion of its secret service into every nook and corner of the Universe.
Buffalo, happily, escaped the stain of any great amount of disloyalty among its citizens. No
spy centers were maintained here. And few pronounced German sympathizers were in evidence.
But one case became conspicuous, that of Captain John T. Ryan, Irish sympathizer, and former
leader in a local political organization, an offshoot of the Progressive Party, who became a fugi-
tive from justice.
Two Buffalo men occupied important posts in the United States plan for the suppression of
disloyalty, and the uncovering of German intrigue; one was John Lord O'Brian, a member of
the law firm of O'Brian, Hamlin, Donovan and Goodyear, all of whom except O'Brian were in
the United States Army. Mr. O'Brian a distinguished and accomplished lawyer, was formerly
United States District Attorney for the Buffalo district. The other was Alfred H. Becker, Assistant
Attorney General of the State of New York, and son of Tracy C. Becker, one of Buffalo's fore-
most legal practitioners.
The whole scheme for the registration and internment of enemy aliens was devised by Mr.
O'Brian. Whenever an enemy alien proved dangerous to the country, or interfered with the
successful prosecution of the law, he recommended his internment. On the other hand, he con-
sistently refused to intern Germans or Austrians who he believed would abide conscientiously by
the law. Under these regulations thousands of German and Austrian aliens were so subjected to
Federal control that the sum total of anti-American activities was kept surprisingly small. Mr.
O'Brian helped to prepare the sabotage act and passport act, and to him, perhaps more than to
anyone, credit for the system of protecting the seacoast, water fronts and army and naval bases,
was due.
German propaganda aiming to nullify America's part in the war was most rife in December,
1917, and January, 1918. It took the form of interpreting the war as a capitalistic war and sought
Buffalo's Part in the World War 341
to foment resistance to the draft. That was effectively and vigorously suppressed. In the case
of Victor Berger and that of Rose Pastor Stokes, prosecutions were conducted under Mr. 0' Brian's
jurisdiction.
Religious pacifism came next. The Italian Government complained that Pastor Russell's paci-
fist literature was being sent into Italy from Greece and that an anti-war sermon by John Haynes
Holmes was dropped by Austrian aviators into the ranks of Italian ar-mies. Mr. O'Brian took
charge of the prosecution of the Russellites, with the result that Rutherford, the leader, and
others were convicted. Part of Mr. O'Brian's work was the enforcement of the provision of the
draft act and the routing out and detection of slackers.
The work of detecting disloyalty and prosecuting the offenders in New York State fell largely
to Alfred L. Becker. Mr. Becker was a deputy in the office of the Attorney General at Albany.
He was born in Buffalo, March 22, 1878, educated at Harvard University and the Buffalo Law
School and had practiced law with his father in this city until appointed in the Attorney General's
office.
On May 21, 1917, the Peace and Safety Act passed by the New York State Legislature became
a law. It provided that the Attorney General, on the request of the Governor or with his con-
sent, should investigate matters concerning the public peace, public safety and public justice.
The Attorney General was given by that Act the power to subpoena witnesses and require them
to testify. The first use made of the powers given by that law was in August, 1917, when Governor
Whitman received from the French Government letters rogatory* for the taking of testimony in
the prosecution of Bolo Pasha for treason. An expert accountant obtained evidence from New
York banks, showing that the 10,000,000 francs used by Bolo Pasha for the purpose of purchas-
ing a controlling interest in the Paris "Journal" were derived from funds of the German Govern-
ment. Attorney General Lewis then designated Mr. Becker to undertake a further investigation
of the case, and Mr. Becker obtained the proofs upon which the treasonable activities of Bolo
Pasha in New York were proved to the satisfaction of the French military court, and Bolo was
executed.
Some of the most important proofs were obtained from the papers of Hugo Schmidt, a German
subject sent at the commencement of the European war to represent the Deutsche Bank, Berlin,
in America.
Mr. Becker, at the request of the Department of Justice, took possession, under subpoena, of
all the files of Hugo Schmidt, comprising over 50,000 documents, proceeded to give them a thorough
study, and obtained the evidence of witnesses who could throw light upon the transactions dis-
nXRANSLATION)
Military Government of Paris.
I, Bouchardon, Captain in charge of reports of the third permanent Court Martial of the Military Government of Paris.
Whereas there is an indictment against Marie Paul Bolo, accused of entertaining relations with the enemy, a crime defined and punished by
article 205 of the Code of Military Justice and article 77 of the Penal Code.
Give Rogatory Commission to the competent American authorities to the effect that they may be pleased to inquire from the following parties:
lo) G. Amsinek and Co., Bankers, New York City,
2o) The New York Branch of the Royal Bank of Canada.,
3o) J. P. Morgan and Co., Bankers, New York City.
Whether they have now or whether they have had an account in the name of Marie Paul Polo alias Bolo Pasha, or in the name of Mrs. Bolo,
and in case they have or they have had such an account, to request them to furnish a copy of the same, said copy to be transmitted to this Court
Martial.
From information obtained, it appears that between the 14th of March and the 3d of April, 1916, a total amount of $1,683,000, in round
numbers, may have been transferred from the bank of G. Amsinek and Co. to the branch of the R6yal Bank of Canada, to be placed to the credit
of the account of Paul Bolo.
It is believed that out of said amount, on the 14th of March, 1916, a first sum of $170,000 was deposited with J. P. Morgan and Co., to the
credit of Paul Bolo's account.
It is also believed that on the 18th, 21st and 24th of March, 1916, three successive transfers were made to the Comptoir National d'Escompte
de Paris, branch T, to the credit of Madame Bolo, in sums respectively of $168,000, $169,000, $168,000, and
It is further believed that on the 14th of .April, 1916, a last transfer of one million dollars was made by the branch of the Royal Bank of Canada
to J. P. Morgan & Co., to the credit of Bolo's account.
Is the above information correct?
On what dates has Bolo deposited funds or caused funds to be deposited with G. .\msinck and Co.?
Was the last deposit made before .August 2nd, 1914? Where did the funds come from? Under what conditions and in what form were they
entered in the books of G. Amsinek and Co.?
Dated: Paris, Palace of Justice,
The fifteenth of June. 1917. ^. ^ „
Signed: Bouchardon.
(L. s.)
Seal of the 3rd Court Martial
of the Military Government of Paris
A true translation
Washington, August 11th, 1917
The Vice-Consul in charge of the
Chancery of the French Embassy:
Signed: Henry Abeel Bergeron
342 Buffalo's Part in the World War
closed by the documents. These papers proved to be an almost inexhaustible mine of informa-
tion concerning the German propaganda and the commercial intrigues in North and South America.
They disclosed a number of German secret codes for telegraphic communications and letters.
They furnished the basis for a list of over 30,000 American subscribers for the war loans of the
Central powers — an invaluable index to German sympathizers in the country. The Schmidt papers
also revealed the so-called wool plot to amass great supplies of wool in this country for German
account, using German-American firms as dummies to conceal real ownership.
After the successful execution by the State Attorney General of the letters rogatory in the
Bolo Pasha case, the French Government sent about a score of other letters rogatory for investi-
gations, in the cases of Charles Humbert, Senator of France, an associate of Bolo Pasha, held
in Sante Prison, Paris, for commerce with the enemy; Joseph Caillaux, former Premier of France,
and many others not so well known; and in all of these cases, Mr. Becker gathered important
evidence to be used on the trials of the accused.
The Buffalo man conducted a general investigation of German propaganda in this country and
was the first to expose to public knowledge the activities of many who later became well-known
as pro-German propagandists. Among these were George Sylvester Viereck, William Bayard
Hale and Louis N. Hammerling. In the course of this propaganda investigation, Mr. Becker
amassed all the evidence available of German Embassy funds and expenditures, and discovered
proof that the New York Evening Mail was bought by the German Government for propaganda
purposes.
Numerous other investigations were undertaken and the powers of the Attorney General freely
loaned to departments of the Federal Government, such as the Military Intelligence, the War
Trade Board and the Alien Property Custodian.
Buffalo's Part in the World War 343
CHAPTER XCV
FOUR MINUTE MEN OF BUFFALO
SHORTLY after the declaration of war the President created the Committee on Public Informa-
tion. One of the divisions of this committee was that of the Four Minute Men. The purpose
of this division was to convey information as to war activities of the Government to audiences
in theatres throughout the country through the medium of public speech. Local organizations of
Four Minute Men were created throughout the land.
The Buffalo organization of Four Minute Men was organized in July, 1917, with Edward H.
Butler as chairman and Clarence MacGregor as secretary'. Mr. Butler resigned in March, 1918,
and Mr. MacGregor was appointed as chairman. Mr. MacGregor, having become a candidate
for Congress, tendered his resignation in August, 1918, which was accepted at the conclusion of
the Fourth Liberty Loan Campaign and Mr. Henry Price was appointed to succeed him. Over
one hundred speakers were upon the rolls of the organization and many hundreds of addresses
were made to audiences aggregating millions of people. The utmost co-operation existed between
the managers of all the Buffalo theatres, legitimate as well as motion picture theatres, and the
Four Minute Men. Theatre managers and audiences thoroughly appreciated the importance of
the work of this organization to such an extent that a Four Minute address became a part of the
regular program.
From July, 1917, until December, 1918, the Four Minute Men carried on a particularly con-
tinuous campaign in Buffalo's sixty-five theatres. About twenty different campaigns were carried
to the people of Buffalo including the Four Liberty Loan campaigns, the Food Conservation,
the Red Cross and United War Work appeals. War Savings Stamp campaign, and other cam-
paigns counteracting German propaganda. Of course, some members did more consistent work
that others, but all gave very generously of their time and ability in this cause. Among those
who served were:
Burwell Abbott, A. J. Abels, Harry Antram, C. F. Alward, C. J. Buckley, Henry C. Babel, Francis F. Baker, A-
E. Batzell, Charles F. Blair, Rev. C. D. Broughton, A. H. Burt, Rev. R. W. Boynton, Dr. J. Barnsdall, B. H. Bacon,
Allan Browne, Lawrence H. Bley, Rev. John D. Campbell, Wm. M. Clarke, C. D. Cowles, Chester R. Coleman,
Fayette Carlin, H. M. Cuberoof, .J. F. Curran, Walter M. Delaplante, F. A. Daly, F. A. DeGraff, O. H. Domedion,
Sam. Darlich, Jas. T. Driscoll, Lyman K. Dilts, Dr. J. B. Ernsmere, Sherman D. Enoch, Karl Eslick, R. W. Far-
rington, H. L. Fritch, F. M. Friel, F. Fulcher, E. R. Fabel, Henry W. Fox, William B. Frye, Edward S. Fabianski,
Christopher G. Grauer, Glen F. Gaskill, Louis Goldring, E. G. Greene, Frank Gibbons, B. M. Henschel, Hon. Geo.
L. Hager, Sundel J. Holender, Fred Houghton, Rev. Harry H. Hubbell, Ed. C. Handwerk, Oliver Hamister, Dean
Hyland, Hon. L. H. Hart, R. C. Hull, Hon. A. A. Hartzell, Clinton T. Horton, Cordon T. Hackett, F. H. Kayser,
Rev. Walter Krumweide, Ralph S. Kent, Calvin D. Kingston, Leo Kaczmarek, Andrew Lange, Thos. E. Lawrence,
Gomer Lesch, L E. Luskin, F. J. Luettgen, Lewis Lee, Ed. E. Lewis, W. K. Missal, J. C. Morey, Joseph Murphy,
Capt. C. K. Mellen, Rev. R. J. MacAlpine, Dr. Geo. P. Michel, C. L. Mache, Guy B. Moore, Clarence MacGregor,
Karl A. McCormick, Roderick H. MacGregor, John McF. Howie. H. E. Murray, W. H. Means, Ray C. Neal, J. F.
Nash, Harry L. Nuese, Hon. Thos. A. Noonan, R. C. O'Keefe, Fred O'Dea, Henry C. Price, Wortley B. Paul, Israel
Rumizen, R. S. Ruthven, James M. Rozan, E. Rubenstein, Frederick C. Rupp, C. R. Runals, Rev. J. W. Ross, Rev.
Clinton L. Scott, James E. Shaw, J. C. Spaulding, Wm. H. Stanley, Chas. D. Stickney, Rev. R. C. StoU, Philip
Sullivan, H. R. Smallenberg, Leon Sapienza, W. Bartlett Sumner, Rev. R. R. Sloane, Geo. P. Snyder, Ansley W.
Sawyer, George H. Smith, Joseph A. Stone, Dilworth M. Silver, Col. H. L Sackett, R. H. Templeton, Rev. W. R.
Torrens, Chas. Thompson, George B. Tyler, Willis H. Tennant, John D. Wells. Bertold White, Carl Wachter,
Rev. H. M. Wilson, W. H. Zawadski, Rev. Geo. F. Williams, G. W. Wannamacher, George W. Woltz, W. C. Wheeler,
Foster B. Turnbull, Henry W. Willis, Thomas R. Wheeler, B. H. White, Stephen Verdi, H. B. Butterfield.
On October 16, 1917, Herbert Hoover, head of the LInited States Food Administration, wrote
requesting the services of the Four Minute Men in the following words: "I am writing this note
to solicit in particular the active support of the Four Minute Men. If their work on the Food
Campaign will be as enthusiastic and effective as it is now proving in the Liberty Loan Campaign,
I am satisfied that a large and permanent good in our cause can be accomplished by your speakers. "
344 Buffalo's Part in the World War
On November 9, 1917, the President of the United States sent his first communication to the
fifteen thousand Four Minute Men of the United States:
"May I not express my very real interest in the vigorous and intelligent work your organization is doing in connection with the Committee
on Public Information? It is surely a matter worthy of sincere appreciation that a body of thoughtful citizens with the hearty co-operation of
the managers of moving picture theaters are engaged in the presentation and discussion of the purpose and measures of these critical days.
"Men and nations are at their worst or at their best in any great struggle. The spoken word may light the fires of passion and unreason or
it may inspire to highest action and noblest sacrifice a nation of freedom. Upon you Four Minute Men who are charged with a special duty and
enjoy a special privilege in the command of your audiences, will rest in a considerable degree, the task of arousing and informing the great body
of our people, so that when the record of these days is complete we shall read page for page with the deeds of army and navy the story of the unity,
the spirit of sacrifice, the unceasing labors, the high courage of the men and women at home who held unbroken the inner lines. My best wishes
and continuing interest are with you in your work as part of the reserve officer corps in a nation thrice armed because through your efforts it
knows better the justice of its cause and the value of what it defends."
On November 17, 1917, the Hon. Newton D. Baker, Secretary of War, in accepting an offer
to prepare and send bulletins to army commanders, commenced his letter with the following
words:
"I desire to express to you my appreciation of the patriotic work of the organization of the Division of Four Minute Men. The 1.5,000 vol-
unteer speakers in spreading information regarding the work of the Government are doing a most praiseworthy work, and the effect which tends
to bring all the citizens into more intimate contact with the things that are being done for them and by them, cannot be otherwise than whole-
some."
In acknowledging the receipt of binoculars, chronometers, sextants, etc., in response to the
campaign of February llth-16th, 1918, entitled ''Eyes for the Navy," Franklin D. Roosevelt,
Assistant Secretary of the Navy, made the following significant statement in a letter dated May
2d, 1918:
"From information received in letters of transmittal, and from glasses forwarded by branches of the Four Minute Men, it has been calculated
that 23,852 out of the total of 36,696 received from the time their campaign started May 1, 1918, are the direct result of their efTorts. Such a
showing is highly gratifying, and on behalf of the Navy, I want to thank you, and through you each and every Four Minute Man associated in
this Campaign for such splendid results."
On June 5th, the Hon. W. G. McAdoo, Secretary of the Treasury, wrote in commendation of
the co-operation of the Four Minute Men in a War Savings Stamp Campaign, and on November
14th, Thomas E. Green of the Speakers' Bureau of the American Red Cross, said: "The American
Red Cross thoroughly appreciate and gladly bear witness to the great assistance your organiza-
tion has rendered us in our previous campaigns." Secretary Daniels likewise expressed his
appreciation.
On November 29, 1918, just befoi-e lie sailed for Europe, the President added the keystone to
the arch of appreciative comment on the war work of the Four Minute Men in a letter acknowledg-
ing receipt of the final report on their work.
Buffalo's Part in the World War
345
CHAPTER XCVI
THE SCHOOLS— THE CHILDREN — THE TEACHERS
No history of Buffalo at this period would be complete without a review of the work of
faculty, teachers and pupils in the schools of Buffalo and Erie County, public, parochial
and private. The work of one school, however, was typical of the work of all schools.
In every section of the city and county, the school children played a most energetic, efficient
and patriotic part.
To set down the record of school activities from college to kindergarten, from superintendent
to substitute, and from graduate to beginner, would require many volumes similar to this, but,
in order that the future generation may have some idea of the manner in which the schools func-
tioned during the war period, Deputy Superintendent George E. Smith of the Buffalo public
schools has prepared a review of the work in his department, which, when multiplied by the
number of schools in Erie County, might be said to be a review of the school work throughout
the county. It is not so extensive nor so elaborate as Dr. Smith would like it to be, but 'twill do.
"I beg leave to preface the report of the war activities in the public schools of Buffalo,
with such an explanation to principals, teachers, children, patrons and public as shall make it
clear:
"First — Why many, yes, the mass, of those who performed valuable, or even noteworthy, service
are not mentioned.
"Second — Why notable features showing marked originality, executive ability, on the part of
principals, teachers and children are only touched upon or left entirely unnoticed.
School No. 60's Indieatiii
Note the stars for Rooms 9 and 16. Every Aeroplane went to the top
346 Buffalo's Part in the World War
"Third — Why special acknowledgment is not given to a larger number of prize winners and
leaders.
"Fourth — Why whole committeeswho performed special service are conspicuous by their absence.
"To each and all of these groups I would say, first, that a mere list of those who served faith-
fully and well would mean a roster of thousands of children to say nothing of 2,000 teachers,
principals and executives; second, a mention of special features would require at least a page to
almost every school; third, that with the exception of a few conspicuous cases the records of
prize winners and leaders has not been preserved, and the same is true of many special commit-
tees; while even if the data were at hand it should be understood that the entire War History
of Buffalo is to be compiled in a volume of approximately 600 pages, which means that com-
paratively only a few pages can be given to Schools as a separate and distinct institution. This
will be better appreciated when I say that the record of the schools' work in the Second Liberty
Loan Drive alone consumed fifty pages of tjqsewritten matter. It will be seen that a complete
record of the Four Liberty Loan Drives, from the Second to the Fifth inclusive, to say nothing
of other important activities of the schools, might form a book of 200 pages.
"Let me close this foreword with the message of our beloved Chairman, Mr. Walter P. Cooke,
which he sends to the schools: 'The results which you have obtained in the Liberty Loan Drives
are the finest testimonials that can be given you, as I believe these results surpass those of any
other city in the country. I cannot adequately begin to thank you for the work you have done,
but I want to tell you how thoroughly we appreciated it. '
"Each of us partakes in this deserved praise and in the joy of accomplishment. What more
should we desire? „• ^
Smcerely yours,
George E. Smith, Chairman,
Schools Liberty Loan Committee."
The War did many wonderful things and not the least of these is that it gave schools, school teachers and school
children a place in history. As makers of history, how important that place, it is the function of this chapter to show.
The war work of the schools began when "war's desolation" blighted Belgium, and it was found that millions
of little hands directed by thousands of devoted teachers could be made a tremendous instrument of relief, — "The
Belgians were starving;" little feet became busy collecting food: "The Belgians are freezing," and nimble little
fingers were soon trained to clothe them. "The wounded soldiers need bandages, pillows and splints;" little busy
elves, the children, set to work and they were ready almost over night. "We must have money, and the spirit of
saving, giving and loaning." It was the children, enthused and instructed by their teachers, who took the message
and the spirit to every home. And so in every aspect of the war, in every field of war activity, there were evident
the hand and heart of a child — the tremendous influence of the schools throughout the land.
What Buffalo's Schools did is outlined below. Each phase will be treated as fully as space permits.
PHASES OF WAR WORK IN THE PUBLIC SCHOOLS
1 — Honor Roll — Teachers in Service.
2 — Liberty Loan Campaigns, Second to Fifth, inclusive:
(a) — Organization.
(6)— Results.
(c) — How results were obtained.
3 — War Saving Stamps — Report of School Organization.
4 — Red Cross Junior Department.
5 — Red Cross, Second War Fund Campaign.
6 — Smileage Book Campaign.
7 — United War Work Campaign.
8 — Training men of draft age for special service.
9 — Vocational Training of Soldiers.
10 — Propaganda — Disseminating the Spirit of Loyalty.
11 — Unification of the citizenry of Buffalo.
12 — Reflex results — "By-Products" of school work.
Thirteen women and forty-six men from the Department of Education have performed active service for their
country in various U. S. organizations. Their names and branch of service will be found in the roster of Buffalo
men and women who entered the Government Service.
Buffalo's Part in the World War 347
buffalo schools and the liberty loans
Germany's strength was developed by a systematic propaganda conducted through her schools. Her weakness
lay in the fact that the propaganda was false, selfish, base.
America's weakness, before the war, was lack of any systematic propaganda in her schools making for the develop-
ment of a national democratic spirit and cohesive forces in national, industrial and social life. Her strength lay in
the fact that she had these forces latent in the souls of her people, not as a product of education, but inherent in the
heart of every liberty-loving immigrant from the first pilgrim to the last arrival at Ellis Island.
America's danger was that each succeeding generation was one step farther removed from the parent stock; the
fountain head, which had furnished the traditions, the ideals, the burning love for liberty, created by first contact
with despotic power.
America's hope for the future lies in the fact that the great outrage on mankind has brought to the children an
object lesson in what real liberty is; what it would cost to lose it, and, best of all for coming Americans, the joy of
working, saving, fighting or even dying for it.
Every child that worked to win the war has had a re-birth into the true spirit of Democracy. He will be loyal to
that which he has joyfully served. It is the principle which makes the War Work of the schools most important. And
of all their work, their service in the Liberty Loan Campaigns stands first because it appealed to every worthy emotion,
and was made thereby a part of their very being. Older generations may backslide to their "flesh pots" but the
children of to-day, the citizens of to-morrow, will make better Americans — a better America.
This introduction will give the true significance and perspective of the schools' participation in the Liberty Loan
Campaigns. The personnel of the organization will be interesting as a matter of record.
LIBERTY LOAN SCHOOLS COMMITTEE
Appointed by Walter P. Cooke, General Chairman, Liberty Loan Committee; formed October 8, 1917; Second
Loan:
Dr. Henry P. Emerson, Superintendent of Schools, Chairman
Dr. Daniel Upton. Principal Buffalo State Normal School, Vice-Chairman
Members
Hon. Charles M. Heald, Commissioner of Public Affairs; Edwards D. Emerson, President, Board of Education;
Louis Desbecker, Member, Board of Education; Mrs. John G. Wickser, Member, Board of Education; Dr. George
E. Smith, Charles P. Alvord, Eugene G. Hughey and Sophie C.Becker, Deputy Superintendents of Schools; Harriet
L. Butler, President, Women Teachers' Association; Anna Rieman, President, Teachers Educational League; William
B. Kamprath, President, Schoolmasters' Association; Adolph Duschak, President, School Principals' Council; Mar-
garet O'Malley, President, Women Principals' Association; M. Smith Thomas, Assistant-Principal, Hutchinson
High School; Ruth J. Alport, Teacher, Hasten Park High School; Byron Heath, Principal Teachers' Training
School; Helen O'Connor, Teacher, School No. 8; Francis H. Wing, Supervisor Industrial Education; James Storer,
Secretary Board of Education.
Third Loan — Same personnel, except that Dr. George E. Smith was appointed Vice-Chairman in place of Dr. Daniel
LTpton who resigned on account of illness. Organization enlarged and specialized. (See Fourth Loan.)
FOURTH LOAN
Dr. Smith was appointed Chairman of the Fourth Campaign in consequence of the death of Dr. Daniel Upton ;
and the resignation of Dr. Emerson as Superintendent. William D. Fisher succeeded Mr. Storer and Frederick G. }
Bagley succeeded Mr. Heald representing the City Council on the Fourth Campaign. '
On the Fifth Campaign Mr. Cooke appointed Superintendent of Schools, Ernest C. Hartwell and H. W. Rockwell, |
Principal of the Normal School, to serve on the General Committee.
With each succeeding campaign the possibilities for specialization in organization were recognized more and more, I
therefore the Chairman organized the following committees the members of which were each in charge of a
special department or function. The personnel of these committees follows:
EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE
Benjamin L. Abel, Chairman
Members
Arthur J. Abbott, Harry W. Jacobs, David H. Childs, Charles F. Reif, Francis H. Wing, Carl H. Burkhardt,
Charles J. Costello, Ada M. Gates, William B. Kamprath, Loretta F. Reister, Clara E. Schwartz, H. H. Moyer,
Arthur Penfold, Catherine Sullivan, Charles W. Whitney, Charles Kennedy, William M. Clark, William H. Pillsbury,
Milford Kleis, Wilfred Sherk, Charles W. Whitney, William Weafer, Isabelle R. Ingram, Elizabeth A. Pierce, Maud
K. Geyer, Sophia C. Hadida.
Records — Jessie C. Beidleman, Emma Leonard, Cora W. Briggs, Elizabeth Chambers, Celestine Kennedy, Hat-
tiebel Sutherland, Mary Van Arsdale, Julia Wedekindt, Augusta A. Carney, Ruth Tresselt, Elizabeth Weiss, Vic-
toria K. White, Evadne Minehan, Bessie Myers, Dorothy Ladue, Harriet Abraham, Cora J. Werner, Elizabeth
Burkhardt, Catherine M. Daley, Levina Folts, Vera Gill, Theresa I. James, Blanche Kempner, Pearl C. McMahon.
348
Buffalo's Part in the World War
Tabulation — Sophie Blakeslee, Alice Bristol, Hazel Moore, Dorothea Rose, Emma Extein, Teresa Hartman, Bar-
bara P. Ruby, Ella Chamberlain, Alice Zingsheim.
Dr. Smith and others have paid a very great tribute to Benjamin L. Abel, whose executive ability made possible
the splendid success of the schools. Mr. Abel created an absolutely mistake-proof plan of making daily returns and
reports from each school, of keeping track of returns and reports as they came in, of accounting for hundreds of thou-
sands of dollars in initial subscriptions, of making a daily press report giving the standing of each school, of making
a full report absolutely complete and perfect. He trained a large and efficient force of helpers mentioned above
under committee of Records, Tabulation and Reports, and in the Fifth Drive he was responsible for the delivery of
the vast amount of materials needed by the schools. Mr. Abel's Committee was the only one in the Liberty Loan
organization of the city where in the final accounting there were no mistakes. In paying this tribute to Mr. Abel,
they detract nothing from the splendid record of others on the executive committee and in the schools generally,
each and all of whom did faithfully and well that which came to his hand to do.
LIBERTY LOAN CAMPAIGNS— SECOND TO FIFTH INCLUSIVE
RESULTS
The results of the Public Schools participation in the Liberty Loan Campaigns fall into two classes:
la) — Material results; those that can be accurately estimated.
(6) — "By-Products" that cannot be measured.
The "by-products" or immeasurable results, will be reserved for discussion at the close of this chapter under the
heading "Reflex Results."
A detailed summary of the measurable results of the Liberty Loan campaigns will be found in the table of results.
A general summary of these results are important at this point.
SUMMARY OF PUBLIC SCHOOL WORK — LIBERTY LOAN CAMPAIGNS
Amount of Subscriptions: Second Loan, $1,115,800; Third Loan, $2,050,200; Fourth Loan, $2,583,250; Fifth
Loan, $3,197,800. Total, $8,947,050.
Number of Subscriptions: Second Loan, 12,251 : Third Loan, 21,975; Fourth Loan, 26,079; Fifth Loan, 29,742.
Total, 90,045.
Nearly nine millions of dollars in subscriptions with nearly one hundred thousand subscribers secured in four
drives, one of which was conducted in the height of the epidemic of influenza which closed the schools leaving only
Liberty Loan Regiment, School No. 41
Buffalo's Part in the World War 349
nine school days for actual work: while the last and greatest began a week late on account of Easter Vacation. Surely
"how it was done" is worthy a place in history.
In narrative form the subject would make a story which would enthuse every heart. It would make every Buffalo-
nian proud of the 60,000 children and the 2,000 men and women, principals and teachers, who led them. It would
make a long story of fine achievement accomplished at the expense of hours of hard work, but with a loyal devotion
to the cause and a fine enthusiasm which made the work a pleasure and a privilege. It would be a story of keen
competition and worth while emulation which ended in worthy laurels for the victors, but with no sting of defeat
for the vanquished for each "played fair" and did his best. In fact, it may be said there were no vanquished for
virtually every school reached its goal.
This account, given in full, would have a dozen human stories from every school, indeed the history of every school
may be written, if for no other purpose than to show Buffalo its wealth of originality and initiative of " punch " and
push and power to do things inherent in every district.
It would be wholesome for some who pride themselves on their American lineage to read of Americo Victorio
Provenza, born in April, 1918, who owns a Liberty Bond and whose very name is a prayer for American Victory.
The father is an Italian in School District No. 1. School No. 2 is justly proud of John Syracuse, a little boot-black
who bought a bond and paid for it shining shoes.
The patrons of School No. 56, Grammar School leader in every drive, would enjoy a chapter on how it was done.
Fifty-si.x, Lafayette and Hutchinson; the Big Three, that contributed over one million dollars to the last Victory
Loan Drive: Lafayette winning in the home stretch. What a contest it was; what a victory; but not perhaps greater
than that of Nos. 14, 15, 26, Peckham, Elm, the School of Practice and many others. The great South Side would
like the story of how Young South Park won both banners on the Third Drive and the splendid showing of 26, 27,
28 and 29.
How the North West Corner would enjoy an account of the Epic Battle between "Fifty-four and her neighbor
Fifty-three, Twenty-two, Seventeen and Sixteen; Fifty-four, finally, leading in the total amount, but Sixteen leading
in the average per pupil; both beaten, however, in average sales by the School of Practice.
To the 8th Grade of No. 50 School goes the credit of having created the most potent and touching device for sell-
ing bonds. It was the good ship "Victory" anchored ready to sail for home. Its wide gangway is lowered; every
one of the fifteen stairs represents a Liberty Bond; when a class had sold a Bond, a soldier for that class began to
ascend the gangway: at the $750 step the soldier was safe on board ready to start for home. A picture of the "Vic-
tory" is shown on another page, together with other excellent devices.
The poor historian knows not where to stop in the list of those entitled to mention.
RESULTS — HOW OBTAINED
DETAILS OF CAMPAIGN
In the event of another emergency arising, the results of two and one-half years of experience in school drives are
here summarized and recorded:
The Liberty Loan General Committee assigned the Schools Committee a four-fold obligation, namely:
1 — To raise a definite amount (allotment).
2 — To distribute the loans as widely as possible.
3 — To disseminate the spirit of the loans throughout the city.
4 — To become the agents of the Committee in the publicity campaign.
This assignment was accepted by the schools committee on the part of the schools not only as an obligation but
a privilege — an opportunity for the schools to do their part toward winning the war.
Plans were formulated by the General Schools Committee. The plans were presented to the principals in general
meeting; there discussed and accepted, and thereafter considered binding.
Next came a general meeting of all the teachers who in turn were made conversant with the plan and addressed by
an inspiring speaker. Thus each was able to inform and enthuse her class. (See typical program.)
SOME OF THE AIMS AND FUNCTIONS OF GENERAL PLAN
I — To fix and individualize responsibility:
1 — Each school given a quota.
2 — Each class a study room quota.
3 — Each school to make daily reports.
4 — Each school to show sales on outside indicator.
5 — Each class to show sales on outside of class-room door.
6 — Each school expected to have faculty 100' o Bond buyers, etc.
II — To educate pupils as to the use of Loan, meaning of bonds, value of bonds, etc:
1 — By means of government literature, posters, etc.
2 — By means of city contests.
(a) Essay, poem, slogan, etc.
(6) Spelling, word building.
(c) Art, Liberty Loan posters.
350 Buffalo's Part in the World War
3 — By means of talks, stories, etc., by teachers.
4 — By adapting tlie lessons to the Liberty Loan idea.
5 — By addresses by pupils, teachers and principal.
6 — By addresses by Liberty Loan speakers.
Ill — To inspire emulation:
1 — By daily published reports showing standing of all schools.
2 — By giving special badge or button to:
(a) Bond buyers.
(6) Bond sellers.
(c) Class-room leaders.
id) School leaders.
3 — By giving quota flags or quota certificates.
IV — To arouse school competition:
1 — By high-school leader flag.
2 — By city leader banner or flags.
3 — By group leader banner or flags.
V — To enthuse district:
1 — By direct appeal of children.
2 — By arousing district pride and school loyalty.
3 — By organization of school regiments — every soldier a bond seller.
4 — By district parades, often spectacular and always enthusiastic.
5 — By evening meetings.
6 — By plays and pageants.
7 — By striking devices.
8 — By arousing desire that their children be a part of patriotic movement.
9 — Liberty Loan chorus in every school.
VI — To daily communication between Schools Committee and the schools; (daily envelope sent to each school.)
(a) Giving receipts for initial deposits.
(6) Instruction if necessary.
(c) Materials needed.
(d) Standardizing letter when thought advisable.
VII — To insure accuracy:
System devised by Mr. B. L. Abel, mentioned in preceding pages — too technical to be included in this report.
VIII — To distribute posters, circulars, etc.
1 — Hutchinson High-School Distribution Corps distributed to schools.
2 — Grammar School Distribution Squads distributed through district.
LEADERS AND CONTEST WINNERS— SECOND LOAN
School No. 56, Hewson H. Moyer, Principal, won Leader Flag.
Winners of Essay Contests were not reported.
THIRD LOAN
School No. 56 again won Leader Banner.
South Park High-school won two silk flags awarded for highest average amount of sales and highest average num-
ber of sales.
Anna Leichnitz, Sixth Grade, School No. 28, won contest on Liberty Loan Poem.
Dorothy Long, School No. 22, won contest on Liberty Loan Pledge.
FOURTH LOAN
City Leader, Grammar Schools, No. 56.
High-schools, Lafayette.
Group Leaders: — Group A — School No. 35.
Group B— School No. 14.
Group C~School No. 29.
Group D — School of Practice.
Group E — Elm Vocational.
LIBERTY LOAN WORD CONTEST
To concentrate attention upon the Liberty Loan, prizes of War Saving Stamps were offered in the grammer schools
to those pupils who formed the largest number of words from the phrase "Fourth Liberty Loan." Pupils were allowed
a definite time for this work, but only one hour of school time. Miss Harriet L. Butler, Assistant Principal, School
No. 10, was in charge of the contest. Much enthusiasm was shown. The winners were announced as follows:
Buffalo's Part in the World War
351
The Good Ship "Victory" Designed and Made by the 8th Grade of School No. 50
It carried the School into the Harbor — "Splendid Success"
GRAMMAR GRADES
First Prize — Gertrude E. Schumacher, Grade 8, School No. 16.
Second Prize — Myra A. Summer, Grade 8, School No. 60.
Third Prije— Bertha Bursuck, Grade 9, School No. 12.
INTERMEDIATE GRADES
First Prize — Norman R. Millard, Grade 5, School No. 52.
Second Prize — Muriel Dorr, Grade 4, School No. 43.
Third Prize—Ruth Tomlinson, Grade 5, School No. 61.
PRIMARY GRADES
First Prize — Vivian Wonnacott, Grade 3, School No. 51.
Second Prize — Warner Aures, Grade 2, School No. 43.
Third Prize — Jane Cooper, Grade 2, School No. 53.
For the same purpose the Art Department was enlisted in a contest for prizes for the best poster advertising the
Fourth Liberty Loan. Mr. Harry W. .Jacobs, Supervisor of Art Instruction, was in charge. Posters: of great merit
resulted from this contest which was open to High Schools and Ninth Grades only. The prize winners were:
HIGH SCHOOLS
First Prize — Douglas A. Schoerke, Hutehinson-Central.
Second Prize — Gerald A. Mahoney, Hutehinson-Central.
Third Prize — Hilda Goehler, Lafayette.
GRAMMAR SCHOOLS
First Prize— G\a.dys Gehm, School No. 62.
Second Prize — Edythe Clarke, School No. 56.
Third Prize— Gilbert Gautzer, School No. 60.
SCHOOL LEADERS— FIFTH VICTORY LOAN
The prizes offered in the Victory Liberty Loan campaign to the schools which led the city and their respective
groups, were beautiful hand-made silk flags. The winners of these laurels are indicated in the special report of the
Victory Loan Campaign.
352
Buffalo's Part in the World War
MEDAL WINNERS
The General Schools' Committee decided that in the final Victory Drive the awards should be of lasting value
as artistic souvenirs of the Liberty Loans. A bronze medal was designed and struck off, which was not only artistic,
but emblematic of the great war and the triumph of peace. It was inscribed on the obverse: "Buffalo Public
Schools: School Leader: Victory Liberty Loan."
This medal was awarded to the pupil who secured the greatest number of units or counts, each $50 being regarded
as one count. In the event of one pupil having the largest number of units and another pupil having sold the largest
number of bonds; two medals were awarded.
The medal winners are entitled to a place in this history. Their names and respective schools are given below. It
is regretted that the 2,000 splendid class-room leaders cannot receive mention.
School
Winner
School
Winner
School
Winner
No. 1-
-John Andriecci
No. 26-
-Wilmar Kaler
No. 48-
-Fred Adams
No. 2-
-Stephen Di Pasquale
Helen Caspren
No. 49-
-Irving McElvin
No. 3-
-Fannie Liberta
No. 27-
-Carol Woodruff
Benjamin Eastman
No. 4-
-Evelyn Tonge
Fillmore Hall
No. 50-
-Ruth Clague
No. 5-
-Stephen Banach
No. 28-
-Alvin Biddlecome
Norma Sitterle
Edward Mueller
John Johnson
No. 51-
-Florence Cielesz
No. 6-
—Esther Kutner
No. 29-
-Normah French
No. 52-
-Donald J. Ellinwood
No. 7-
—Christian Schwab
Clarence Lockwood
No. 53-
-Elaine Miller
No. 8-
-Orin Frieberber
No. 31-
-John Schaefer
Franklin Bachmann
No. 9-
-Charles Turner
No. 32-
-Samuel Yellen
No. 54-
-Eleanor Julia Smith
Harold Clark
No. 33-
-Mary Cronyn
Richard George Wurst
No. 10-
-Ruth Crawford
Lewis Bannister
No. 55-
-David Schlossman
No. 12-
-Edna Benson
No. 34-
-Marie Masterson
Sara Seller
Joseph Zax
No. 35-
-Harry Cohen
No. 56-
-(West Delavan Avenue)
No. 13-
-Antonio Catalano
No. 36-
-Henry Meyers
Maleska Jane Bradley
No. 14-
-Burton Archer
Charlotte Henderson
Clifford Marsh
Gladys Burtsell
No. 37-
-Starr Gray
Esther Hall
No. 15-
-Irma Gerber
No. 38-
-Howard Chappell
Candis Hall
Milton Lauer
No. 39-
-Arthur Fischer
(Elmwood Avenue Annex
No. 16-
-Richard UUman
Marjorie Eckert
No. 56), Eugenia Adolff
Theodore Orr
No. 40-
-Clarence Schonne
No. 57-
-Henry Kozanowski
No. 17-
-Warren Horn
Edna Swain
Elsie Rauer
Alice Roseheart
No. 41-
-Marian Schmitt
No. 58-
-Edward Krystof
No. 18-
-James Frey
Robert Navel
No. 59-
-Erwin Agthe
Franklin Ulrich
No. 42-
-Howard Clothier
No. 60-
-Frederick Leighton
No. 19-
-George A. Trumfer
Irene Schunke
No. 61-
-Leo Buckley
Dorothy Butler
No. 43-
-Walter Baumgardner
Zeta Souter
No. 20-
-William Saunders
Verna Chapin
No. 62-
-George ConnoUey
No. 21-
-Miller Shaw
Irving Day
Allan Schmahl
No. 22-
-Marian Sterns
No. 44-
-Ruth Kneil
No. 63-
-James Johnson
No. 23-
-Koosje Bof
George Richter
Esther Lynd
Arthur Mathey
No. 45-
-Bradley Hassard
Elm Vocational School —
No. 24-
-Peter Matlock
Arthur Cramer
Walter Lowney
Alice Reis
Otis Dennison
Peckham Vocational School —
No. 25-
-Ethel Kohl
No. 46-
-Evelyn M. Hurrell
Anthony Stewha
Irving Mutton
No. 47-
Robert Risley
-Marjory Bertel
Milton Eberhardt
Stephen Krysha
LIBERTY
LOAN CAMPAIGN IN THE
PUBLIC SCHOOLS
Mention only can be given to inspiring and spectacular features or events which appeared or occurred during the
war. They were not made matters of record when they occurred so even the dates are omitted. They were in part
the following:
1 — Parade of 5,000 Night School Students bearing Liberty Loan inscriptions.
2 — Convocation of School Children, Humboldt Park.
3 — Mass Meeting of Children, Broadway Auditorium, 10,000 Liberty Chorus.
4 — Living Red Cross in Parade.
5 — Assembly at McKinley Monument forming the word "VICTOR Y" in living letters.
Buffalo's Part in the World War
353
6^Parade of children representing relatives in Service.
7 — Costume Parade of South Park High School celebrating the victory of that school.
8 — Parade feature of 637 little girls in white representing soldiers of Buffalo who died in service.
9 — Victory Loan Pageant, over 300 pupils of Hutchinson High School.
10 — Victory Liberty Loan Army composed of the children who sold bonds. Every school was represented by a
regiment of boys and^ girls. Their function was to arouse enthusiasm by spectacular parades.
11 — Liberty Loan Choruses formed in every school; 10,000 were massed in one chorus at Broadway Auditorium.
12 — Reception and entertainment in honor of 2,000 teachers and class-room leaders who rendered distinguished
service by courtesy of Hutchinson High School faculty, the School Committee and the Liberty Loan organization.
13 — Meetings, parades and assemblies.
14 — Address of Admiral Sims to High School students.
Within the Department of Education, there were hundreds who performed special service of much importance.
For obvious reasons, all cannot be mentioned; so all are omitted save two whose loyal aid made possible many suc-
cesses. These are: Carl H. Burkhardt, Supervisor of Physical Education, organizer of every general feature, and
Stewart F. Ball, Director of Manual Training, who attended to the printing and distribution of signs, indicators
and inscriptions.
APPRECIATION
The acknowledgments of Chairman Walter P. Cooke are given in the foreword of this chapter.
Mr. George Crofts, Vice Chairman of the Liberty Loan Organization of the city, made the following public acknowl-
edgment at the end of the Fourth Loan Campaign:
"In the three campaigns in which the schools have taken part, there has never been a mistake of a single dollar,
a record that but few other organizations have made."
At the close of the Fourth Campaign Mr. Ernest C. Hartwell, Superintendent of Schools, published the following
letter:
A GREAT VICTORY
Superintendent E. C. Hartwell
It is very doubtful whether any other public school system in the United States made a better showing on the Fourth Liberty Loan than the
teachers and pupils of the schools of Buffalo. I have endeavored to get comparative data, but up to date have found nothing which compares
with the record made by our own school organization. Two and one-half millions of dollars, raised by the school organization in three weeks, is a
magnificent showing. It is an especially creditable showing when it is remembered that for most of the three weeks an epidemic was raging and
the schools were closed.
General Roop of Russian Commission to LT. S. at the City Hall
354 Buffalo's Part in the World War
The two and one-half millions of dollars not only speaks for itself as to the patriotism and spirit of service of our teachers and pupils, but it
speaks volumes as to the efficiency of our school organization when called into action. The money raised in the Isst three weeks for the Federal
Government represents a sum of money more than one-fourth as large as the total public expenditure for school buildings, including sites, in the
city of Buffalo during the entire period since 1892 when the schools became a part of the corporate existence of the city. It is a splendid demon-
stration of the fact that the money expended for public education is an investment paying splendid dividends. It is another exhibit in support
of the contention that "Education will be the decisive factor in the winning of the war." Without the schools, the task of educating 100,000,000
people to food conservation and thrift would have been infinitely more difficult. Without the work of a half million teachers and 22,000,000 pupils
it is doubtful whether the unprecedented Liberty Loan would ever have been raised.
This is just a word of appreciation to Deputy Superintendent George E. Smith, to the committee of principals, and to the teachers, pupils and
janitors, for the splendid part Buffalo has played in making the last loan a success.
The city of Buffalo has a right to be proud of what its school organization accomplished. It is proud. The school histories of the future
will record some of the important battles of this war as having been fought in the United States, where business men, teachers, stenographers,
clerks, artisans, mechanics, and even children in the kindergarten, contributed of their time, energy and means to provide the sinews of war.
The Battle of Buffalo was a great victory.
In the same number of the School magazine, Chairman George E. Smith, sent the following letter to the schools:
rr a ■ , rr I ^ Tj ; A WORD OF APPRECIATION
10 Fmicipals, fiachirs and Pupils:
It will not make you vain to tell you that Buffalo is proud of you. It will warm your hearts to know that your example of unselfish devotion
to your country has made the schools of other cities eager to do as much and more.
You have raised more than two and one-half millions of dollars for the boys over there. You may be sure that many of our brave lads will
come home safe and well because of the money you have secured.
You sold 29,410 separate bonds, which means that nearly that number of people were stirred to greater service, more patriotic service, through
you. But after all, perhaps the greatest service that you did was for yourselves. You could not have done what you did without making better
Americans of yourselves. You will always stand straighter and think straighter because you did a good job well.
Your conscience will never prick you as a slacker. When the boys come back you can take their hands and look them in the eye and say in
your hearts, "I did my part too." In fact, you have your self-respect, without which nothing is worth while. So I say again that you have and
shall keep the richest rewards of your service.
Your principal has received a full report of what each and every school did. This report is meant to help you. Whether or not it will do so,
depends upon yourselves. If it encourages you to even better work next time^if it convinces you that you could have done better, it will then have
done all that it was intended to do; if on the other hand, it makes you vain or discouraged or envious or bitter, it will have done harm instead
of good.
Our latest battle in our country's service, was a hard one made in the face of great difficulties, and just because it was a hard fight, we are
the prouder of our victory. Thus far, the path of service has led us ever onward, ever upward. The top is not yet reached. The call will come
again and we shall be glad to hear it. When it comes we shall go again into action firm in the belief that Buffalo Schools Never Fail. — Friends,
you are on furlough for a time but be ready for the call "to arms." George E. Smith.
Thewinnerof the Grammar School verse-writing contest in the Third Liberty Loan was Anna Leichnitz, No.2S School.
MY CHANCE
(Prize Winning Verse)
Hoiv glad I am that Uncle Sam Oh! what is gold fhat we should hold
Has called on me at lastf Our little purse strings now?
To think that he has come to me Oh^ tvhat is gained, if all in vain
When skies are overcast' We learned each Yankee vow?
How often have I longed to aid All that I have, All that I am
The boys who marched away — Is yours in part or whole,
To fight for me across the sea And you may take it Uncle Sam
And break the tyrant's sivoy. With all my heart and soul.
The winner of the prose-writing contest was Dorothea De Long, No. 22 School.
(Her Contribution)
I, a citizen of the United States of America, partici-
pating in the blessings of a just government, do sol-
emnly pledge to do all in my power to promote the sale
of Liberty Bonds, and, if possible to purchase them
myself, so that autocracy, and militarism may be abol-
ished from the earth and the great principles of demo-
cracy and humanity may reign supreme in all lands,
as they do in ours.
WAR SAVINGS AND THRIFT STAMPS
This branch of school service was in the hands of Mr. Elmer J. Cobb, Principal of Grammar School No. 60, a master
of detail, whose work is entitled to unstinted praise. The work of the schools in the W^ar Savings Campaign is reviewed
in a preceding Chapter, covering the activities of the War Saving Stamp Committee.
THE SMILEAGE CAMPAIGN
General Committee — E. B. Holmes, Chairman, appointed Dr. George E. Smith, Chairman of a Schools Committee.
Associated with Dr. Smith were Benjamin L. Abel, Principal of Grammar School No. 45; M. Smith Thomas, Hutchin-
Buffalo's Part in the World War 355
son High School; Charles J. Costello, Technical High School; Harry Smallenburg, Principal of Grammar School
No. 29, William B. Kamprath, Principal, Elm Vocational School, Charles Kennedy, Principal, Grammar School
No. 63 and Arthur Penfold, Principal, Grammar School No. 62.
As in the Red Cross, the Smileage Book Campaign was a "labor of love" and like the Red Cross it appealed to
the hearts of the children. The Italian children particularly made a fine showing; Schools Nos. 1 and 2 excelling all
other Grammar Schools, save School No. 56. Hutchinson led the High Schools, with Technical second. How high
the enthusiasm ran is evident from the fact that the Schools Committee stood first in the city and raised more than
one-tenth of the total amount obtained.
During the months of .July and August, 1918, Technical High School, Elm, Peckham and Seneca Vocational schools
were utilized by the War Department for the instruction of the members of the National Army Training Detachment
in the mechanical occupations of the army. The educational administration under the Board of Education included
the following staff:
Francis H. Wing, Director General; Charles F. Reif, director of food supplies; Ethel M. Newlands, director of feed-
ing; Carl H. Burkhardt, director of housing; Stewart F. Ball, director of finance; Charles P. Alvord, Eugene G. Hughey,
Charles J. Costello, William B. Kamprath, William W. Miller and Elmer S. Pierce, instructors in Army Morale.
RED CROSS ACTIVITIES— .JUNIOR DEPARTMENT
How the school children functioned in the Red Cross is intimated in the introduction to this chapter.
Some of the material results are tabulated here.
MANUAL AND VOCATIONAL DIVISION
Stewart F. Ball, Director
1 — Five hundred puzzles, games, etc., made by boys in shop classes for the entertainment of wounded soldiers.
2 — Red Cross packing cases (number not recorded).
3— Craftsmen's Tables (number not recorded) for Y. M. C. A. Huts.
4 — Ten thousand pair of knitting needles, boys of every school in the city participating.
5 — Base Hospital supplies:
(a) — One hundred bedside tables — made at Vocational Schools.
(6) — Twenty-eight thousand eight hundred veneer and coaptation splints.
DOMESTIC SCIENCE DIVISION
Ethel M. Coan, Director
Miss Coan made the following report:
Activities of Junior Red Cro.s.s Domestic Science Department
Vacation Schools — 1917:
Classes at Schools Nos. 18, 52 and 58. (Financed by City Federation of Women's Clubs and sent by them to
one of the U. S. Battleships). Made 118 quarts of fruits and vegetables, 219 glasses of jam and jellies, 17 bottles
fruit juices for beverages.
Domestic Science Classes — 1917-1918.
Classes at Schools Nos. 2, 17, 31, 32, 41, 44, 46, 52, 53, 58 and 59. (Financed by the City Federation of Women's
Clubs and used for Civilian Relief Work.) Made 144 quarts of jelly and jams. Classes at Schools Nos. 1,2, 8,
9, 13, 17, 18, 22, 29, 31, 32, 37, 40, 41, 44, 45, 46, 52, 53, 58, 59 and 62. (Financed by the Red Cross and used in
Christmas packets for men in the service). Made 1,570 pounds of sugarless candy.
During the year 1917-1918, the Domestic Science Classes took a vigorous and active part in the United States
Food Conservation program, co-operating directly with the Buffalo Thrift Kitchen. The regular course of study
was set aside that greater emphasis might be given to the various drives for food conservation.
Posters were made by the pupils for the various drives, pointed bulletins furnished by the U. S. Food Administra-
tion were distributed for home use, and the practical work in these lessons completed the purpose of this campaign.
In many of the Domestic Science Centers e.\hibits of the pupils' home work were held, and served to establish a
closer relation between the school and community. At some of these exhibits, the products were sold, one class voting
to give the proceeds to the Red Cross; another contributing the funds collected as their share for a Liberty Bond.
DOMESTIC ART DIVISION
Miss Laura M. Weisner, Director
Junior activities in the Sewing Department of the Buffalo Public Schools, February, 1917 to December, 1918:
One thousand bottle covers, 1,500 children's dresses, 100 pair hospital socks, 2,000 bedside bags, 3,000 pajamas,
2,500 surgeon's coats, 1,000 children's night dresses, baby jackets, dresses, 1,413 night dresses, 2,663 children's gar-
ments, old and new, first refugee shipment, 2,001 children's garments, old and new, second refugee shipment, 243
garments for home service division Red Cross, 1,300 refugee garments, vacation schools — 1917; 1,102 refugee gar-
ments, vacation schools— 1918 and 4,606 garments distributed for local relief. These last mentioned garments were
collected for Belgian Relief work but were not suitable for shipment.
356 Buffalo's Part in the World War
This report does not cover the activities of the High Schools, cooliing, manual training and Grammar grade pupils.
[This report, summarized in a few lines the results of a splendid corps of workers, teachers and their girls, wonder-
fully organized by Miss Weisner — Editor.]
CONCLUSION
REFLEX RESULTS— BY-PRODUCTS
In this war, the children, the teachers, the schools, gave much but they received more.
The spirit of giving, of saving, of service, will not die; in this generation at least. The child
that gave and served in this war will never be a Bolshevik — Democracy is safer, not so much
because of what the children did as of what they became by the doing of it. Selfishness in all its
forms will be less manifest when these boys and girls become men and women. There is rising a
new generation less wasteful, more efficient — a generation imbued with higher ideals of Democracy
— a generation which shall fuse all our racial and caste groups into one.
Participation in this war has given us another and better type of school. The humdrum routine
has gone and it will not return. The impractical has given way to the practical. Education and
training for service will be as real as education and training for culture, and this will mean being
fit physically, mentally and morally. Real citizenship will take the place of civics. The laboratory
will take the place of the lecture room for we have become a generation of doers not talkers.
The antiquated text book dealing with trivialities will have to go, for a new world will be born
with the signing of the Peace Treaty — and finally, the schools from now on will be recognized as
a part of our social, commercial and industrial life and not an institution apart run by men and
women who are in it but not of it.
Buffalo's Part in the World War
357
CHAPTER XCVII
PASTING THE CITY WITH WAR STAMPS
IN November, 1917, Hon. William J. Tully, who had been appointed Director of the National
War Savings Committee for New York State outside of New York City, by the Secretary of
the Treasury, Hon. William G. McAdoo, visited Buffalo and appointed E. M. Husted as
Director for Erie County. Mr. Husted opened headquarters at 910 Chamber of Commerce
Building, Buffalo, N. Y., and formed the following committee: Ralph S. Kent, Assistant Director;
Paul H. Husted, Assistant Director; Robert W. Elmes, Executive Secretary. Mrs. Howard A.
Forman was appointed Chairman of the Women's Committee and Mrs. John M. Satterfield,
Vice Chairman.
The campaign extended from January 1st to December 31st, 1918. The quota for New York
State outside of New York City was placed at $97,796,200.00 and for Erie County $11,437,940.00.
The Erie County quota was arrived at on the basis of $20.00 for each of the 571,897 inhabitants
according to the census of 1915.
Early in January an office organization was perfected, composed of Miss Florence Fitts, H. E.
Haefner, Miss Dorothy McNulty, Miss May Conklin, Miss Mary Schultz, Miss Mary Brown,
Miss Eleanor DeToy and Miss Katharine Ottman. Headquarters was moved to the fourth floor
Dun Building.
Plans for can-ying on the work were started and an Executive and Advisory Committee were
named as follows:
Execulive Committee~M. S. Tremaine, Myron S. Hall, S. A. Hayward, R. C. Hudson, William H. Joyce, Philip
Catalano, Frank A. Olszanowski, Rev. T. J. Walsh, O. E. Foster.
Advisory Committee — Mayor George S. Buck, William A. Rogers, John G. Wickser, George J. Meyer, Dr. A. V. V.
Raymond, Captain C. S. Mellen, W. H. Hill, J. W. Cowper, D. W. Dinan, E. J. Barealo, J. C. Bradley, Walter P.
Cooke, Eustace Reynolds, F. E. Bard, E. J. Cobb.
Prince Axel and Party of Belgians Photographed on City Hall Steps
While the Guests of Mayor George S. Buck
358 Buffalo's Part in the World War
The work in the county outside of Buffalo was given to Assistant Director. Ralph S. Kent.
Philip J. Kuhn was appointed chairman of the committee on agencies, and had charge of the
work among fraternal societies. The "Thousand Dollar Limit Club" was formed with W. H.
Andrews, President; E. M. Husted, Vice-President; Mrs. Howard A. Forman, Vice-President,
and Thomas B. Lockwood, Treasurer.
The question of the work in the Schools was taken up with the Board of Education and the
following were named to carry it on: Mrs. John G. Wickser representing the Board of Education;
Henry P. Emerson, Superintendent of Education; Captain Calvert K. Mellen, Chairman of the
high school committee, and Elmer J. Cobb, Chairman of the grammar school committee. Bishop
Dougherty, at the request of the War Savings Committee appointed Father F. T. Kanaley,
Superintendent of Parochial Schools, in charge of the campaign in the parochial schools of Buffalo
and Erie County.
Myron T. Hall was made Chairman of the committee on banks, Karl McCormick, Chairman
of men speakers' committee, and Miss Laura Dunbar Hagarty, Chairman of the women speakers'
committee. Early in the campaign, the Greater Buffalo Advertising Club assumed responsibility
for the publicity of the W. S. S. campaign in Buffalo and Erie County with J. H. Bradley, Chair-
man, and Finley H. Greene, Vice-Chairman. Willis C. Wilber was appointed to take charge of
the newspaper publicity. Eustace Reynolds was given charge of the formation of war savings
societies in Buffalo.
In the later part of February, E. M. Husted resigned as Director, and Hon. William J. Tully
appointed Edward H. Butler in his place. Mr. Butler upon assuming the task formed the follow-
ing organization :
Ralph S. Kent, Philip J. Kuhn and Robert W. Elmes, Assistant Directors; George J. Eckhardt,
Executive Secretary.
Women's Committee — Mrs. Howard A. Forman, Chairman: Mrs. John M. Satterfleld, Vice-Chairman; Mrs.
Harry Thorp Vars, Vice-Chairman; Florence Fitts, Executive Secretary.
Advisory Committee — Mayor George S. Buck, William A. Rogers, John G. Wickser, George J. Meyer, Dr. S. V. V •
Holmes, Captain C. K. Mellen, W. H. Hill, J. W. Cowper, D. W. Dinan, E. J. Barcalo, J. C. Bradley, Walter P.
Cooke, F. E. Bard, E. J. Cobb, H. P. Parrock, Robert Lacey, John J. Doyle.
Executive Committee — M. S. Tremaine, Roy H. Griffin, R. C. Hudson, William H. Joyce, J. G. Fieri, Frank A.
Olszanowski, Rev. T. J. Walsh, O. E. Foster, Rabbi Louis J. Kopald, G. Barrett Rich, .Jr., William H. Walker, Jr.,
John H. Bradley, Finley H. Greene, A. J. Abels, Charles R. Robinson, W. H. Andrews, C. E. Baxter.
In Buffalo the matter of establishing agencies was taken up very early in the campaign under
the direction of P. J. Kuhn, who did very effective work. He established 2,200 agencies, exclu-
sive of the schools, in the city and county. As many more agencies were established without
the formality of agency blanks. The agencies included manufacturing industries, wholesale and
retail houses, fraternal societies and individuals.
The agencies that were established, in the great majority of cases, maintained and kept alive
the work throughout the entire year. One of the great difficulties in the War Stamp work lay in
financing the stamps. Probably more difficulties were met with on this feature than in any other
way. No agency could secure stamps until it had paid for them at the post-offices. There was
no such thing as credit except as individual persons might establish credit. Mr. Kuhn and his
committee together with the agencies that maintained an active existence throughout the year
deserved a great deail of credt and aided greatly in the success of the work of the organ-
ization.
At the beginning of the campaign a "Thousand Dollar Limit Club" was formed with W. H.
Andrews, President; E. M. Husted, Vice-President; Mrs. Howard A. Forman, Vice-President and
Thomas B. Lockwood, Treasurer. During the first two months 100 members were secured. Early
in March, in order to stimulate activity, the solicitation of members was placed in the hands of
the Life Underwriters' Association of Buffalo, N. Y., and Charles E. Baxter, one of the members
of the Association, was appointed General Chairman in charge of the canvassing. An intensive
Buffalo's Part in the World War 359
drive was made two weeks prior to the Liberty Loan campaign, wliich started on April 6, 1918,
and 200 members were secured. Ten teams of eight men each were organized among the members
of the Life Underwriters' Association, each team having its own captain. In addition to this, a
committee of women was appointed by Mrs. Howard A. Forman to carry on the work among
the women.
Up to the commencement of the pledge week drive, which began .June 22, 1918, a total of .319
members had been secured for this club. During drive week, special stress was laid on the "Thou-
sand Dollar Limit Club, " and through the activities of committees under the leadership of Mr.
Andrews, Mr. Baxter, Mrs. Forman and Mrs. Edward H. Butler, a total of 848 subscriptions
were secured. Through a noonday address to the produce commission merchants, Ralph S. Kent
secured 57 applications for membership, and on the same evening, secured eight more after a
talk at the Hippodrome Theatre. The leader on the Women's Committee was Mrs. James N.
Byers, who secured 22 applications through personal solicitation.
While no intensive campaign was carried on after that time, a special subscription committee
with R. J. Seidenberg, Chairman and Joseph T. Snyder, Vice-Chairman, had secured 116 members,
making a grand total of 1283 members.
Two Committees of Speakers were formed early at the inception of the campaign. Up to
June, more than 225 meetings were addressed by members of these Committees and the
educational work resulted in greatly stimulating the sale of stamps among employees in the
manufacturing industries, wholesale and retail stores as well as clubs, organizations, and societies.
Just preceding and during "Pledge Week," 211 meetings were held both in the city and county
which were addressed by these speakers. The personnel of the men's committee of speakers was
as follows:
Karl McCormick, Chairman; Rev. John W. Ross, H. H. Bacon, .James O. Moore. Charles F. Blair, Sundel J.
Holender, Frank Gibbons, Layton H. Vogel, Wortley B. Paul, Harold V. Cook, Emil Rubenstein, W. B. Summer,
E. Lyman Tilden, Thomas B. Wheeler, Foster B. Turnbull, George A. Irvin, Richard H. Templeton, George H.
Kennedy, Richard Werner, Robert W. Farrington, Richard Roce, Rev. Harry H. Hubbell, Harry M. Rott, Edward
L Brown, .James E. Shaw, John S. Tyler, George C. Diehl, Frank H. Callan, Morey C. Bartholmew, George W.
Woltz, PhiUip A. Sullivan, Joseph F. Drummond, Charles C. Page, A. J. Abels, C. L. Mache, D. H. Childs, George
H. Smith, Roderick H. MacGregor.
The labor organizations in Buffalo and vicinity were placed in charge of Assistant Director
Robert W. Elmes with the official co-operation of the Central Labor Council. Mr. Robert Lacey,
vice-president and acting head of the Council was made chairman of a War Work Committee.
Those prominently associated in the War Savings work with Mr. Lacey were John J. Doyle,
James P. Doyle, Charles H. Stevenson and George W. Bork and Mrs. August W. Molter.
The Polish residents of Buffalo were canvassed by a committee under the leadership of Frank
Olszanowski, in addition to the women's organization, formed at the beginning of the
campaign. The Italians were organized under the leadership of Joseph G. Pieri, and the
Jewish people were marshaled under the leadership of Rabbi Max Drob and Nathan Eban.
All splendidly supported the campaign and ab.sorbed many thousands of dollars' worth of stamps.
The Women's Committee of the National War Savings Committee of Erie County was organ-
ized January 15, 1918, with Mrs. Howard A. Forman, Chairman; Mrs. John M. Satterfield and
Mrs. Harry Thorp Vars, Vice-Chairmen. The policy of the women's committee from the begin-
ning was to work in close co-operation with the men's committee, but it was aimed particularly
to reach every existing organization of women in Buffalo, and the industries wherein women
were largely employed.
In the beginning an advisory committee of eleven women was formed to meet each week for
the purpose of exchanging ideas, to discuss plans for the work and to get new plans which had
proved valuable in other cities. A general committee of 115 members, comprising heads of women's
societies throughout Buffalo, was formed to interest each organization in the W. S. S. work.
Then a speakers' committee of 41 members was created with Miss Laura Dunbar Hagarty, Chair-
man. These speakers addressed 145 public meetings. A sub-committee of speakei's, the
360
Buffalo's Part in the World War
1 — French "Blue Devils" on Parade in Main Street
2 — Royal Italian Grenadiers
3 — Belgian Soldiers on a Visit to Buffalo
Buffalo's Part in the World War 361
industrial committee, Mrs. Eli T. Hosmer, Chairman, sent speakers and organized War Savings
Stamps societies in 28 stores and industrial plants. Another sub-committee to work throughout
the county was formed and many speakers were sent to county towns.
The Women's Sales Committee, Mrs. Albert F. Laub, Chairman; Mrs. Charles H. Lamy and
Mrs. Albert Herskowitz, Vice-Chairman, comprised 175 members. This committee took charge
of all booths for selling Thrift Stamps at all times, including the noon-day meetings at Lafayette
Square which proved an immense success. The Women's Thousand Dollar Club Committee with
Mrs. Howard A. Forman, Chairman, consisted of 10 members who worked energetically for mem-
berships in this club.
War Savings Stamps Societies were formed by the women as follows: In thirteen schools
and academies; in sixty-five Catholic Churches. Mrs. John H. Lascelles, Chairman. A Catholic
Speakers' Committee was also formed with Miss -JuHa Dillon, Chairman. All .Jewish Temples,
Mrs. Julius Hofeller, Chairman; in thirty Protestant Churches. Italian women were organized
by Miss Bessie Bellanca, Polish women by Mrs. Maxwell M. Nowak, and Miss Martha
Mazurowska. Negro women were organized by Mrs. John Morse. Buffalo Federation of
Women's Clubs, Mrs. John W. Cameron, chairman. Societies were formed, also, in six Women's
Clubs, ten Hospitals, seven Settlement Houses, twelve Private Schools and in forty-five miscel-
laneous organizations, such as Suffrage, Home Defense, Motor Corps, G. A. R., Women's
Committee of the G. A. R., District Nurses' Association, Girl Scouts, Housewives' League,
Paren t- Teachers ' Association, comprising twenty separate societies, patriotic leagues including
twenty separate societies; the Salvation Army. Under the Fraternal organizations, the follow-
ing organized W. S. S. societies: Amaranth, Dames of Malta, Daughters of St. George, Eastern
Star, comprising fifteen Chapters; Maccabees, Rebeccas, Pocahontas, Pythian Sisters and Robert
Burns Auxiliary.
The Motor Coi-ps of the National League for Women's Service, Mrs. Harry Spaulding, Captain,
co-operated throughout the Campaign by selling stamps every Wednesday at Lafayette Square
and other open air meetings, by serving as ushers at W. S. S. meetings, and by delivering litera-
ture and posters throughout the city.
The organization of Erie County was completed with Women Chairmen in each of the twenty-
seven townships, who took charge of forty villages throughout the county. These county Chair-
men reached the Churches, Societies, Clubs, and Granges all over the county.
The Women's Committee of Speakers had the following members:
Miss Laura Hagarty, Chairman; Mrs. Henry Altman, Mrs. Charles H. Bailey, Miss Bessie Bellanca, Mrs. Myron P.
Bush, Mrs. Arthur Briggs, Mme. Felix Casassa, Dr. Carro C. Croff , Miss Elizabeth D. Dold, Mrs. Alfred G. Hauenstein,
Miss M. Venus Hicks, Mrs. Henry Osgood Holland, Mrs. Howard W. Kurtz, Mrs. Eli T. Hosmer, Mrs. Frank Messenger,
Mrs. Jacques de Morini, Mrs. Nelson Russell, Mrs. George H. Camehl. Mrs. Henry Kahler, Mrs. Karl McCormick, Mrs.
Lewis G. Rogers, Mrs. Edwin C. Sornborger, Mrs. James Wolf, Mrs. John W. Cameron, Mrs. Albert F. Laub, Mrs. Edgar
C. Neal, Mrs. D. Frederick Potter, Mrs. Louis Wright Simpson, Miss Marjorie Taber, Miss M. Elsie Davis, Mrs. George
S. Hulen, Mrs. E. J. Kiepe, Mrs. Anna S. Schaal, Miss Gladys Carberry, Mrs. F. S. Parkhurst, Mrs. Edgar Winters.
Chairmen of the Women's Committees for Erie County outside of Buffalo, were as follows:
Mrs. Frank J. Young, Alden; Mrs. B. E. Smith, Angola; Mrs. W. H. Abbot, Armor; Mrs. G. K. Lester, Blasdell;
Miss Carrie Fliekinger, Boston; Mrs. A. B. Haskell, Bowmansville, Mrs. J. A. Williams, Brant; Mrs. R. R. Allen,
Chaffee; Mrs. M. E. Parker, Clarence; Miss Sarah A. Woodruff, Golden; Mrs. Clarence A. Potter, Collins; Mrs.
A. N. Conger, Collins Center; Mrs. George Hammond, Depew; Mrs. Robert G. Leetch, Derby; Mrs. Myron M. Ludlow,
East Aurora; Mrs. Nelson Cheney, Eden; Mrs, Burton H. Kurd, Elma; Mrs. Mert Dibble. Evans Center; Mrs.
Cleveland Swertz, Farnham; Miss Lottie Tucker, Grand Island; Miss Jessie Camp, Hamburg; Mrs. D. F. Tanner,
Holland; Mrs. Walter Gibbins, Kenmore; Mrs. Ralph Robinson, Lackawanna; Mrs. B. D. .Jackson, Lancaster;
Mrs. L. A. Wightman, Lawton Station; Miss Myrtle B. Simonton. Marilla; Mrs. Edna Franklin, North Collins;
Mrs. Robert Briggs, Orchard Park; Mrs. T. Ray Benton, Sardinia; Mrs. Clara Heisenbuttle, Sloan; Mrs. R. M.
Tilon, Springbrook; Mrs. F. O. Smith, Springville; Mrs. Herbert Kendall, Tonawanda; Mrs. J. L. Webster, Town
Line; Mrs. Geo. Walters, Williamsville; Mrs. F. L. Rushman, Hamburg (Township).
Lafayette Square at that period in our municipal progi-ess was the "public square of Buffalo,"
centrally located. Noon day meetings were instituted here beginning March 6. The Women's
362 Buffalo's Part in the World War
Committee provided the saleswomen and during the first month (March) the sales aver-
aged $275.00 daily. During April, because of the Third Liberty Loan, this outdoor work was
discontinued. Following the close of the loan, the noonday meetings were resumed on a bigger
scale.
A large platform was erected by the city, and still larger "shows" were staged there daily,
with the paramount thought of making the people talk. For instance, trick elephants performed.
Standing inside a thirty foot steel cage, erected on the platform, with circus lions grouped around
him, a prominent speaker gave his daily thrift talk, while motion pictures were taken. Minister,
priest and rabbi spoke from the same platform during one of these meetings. School boy orators
distinguished themselves and surprised their auditors with their splendid abilities. Actors and
theatrical features were introduced, Lillian Russell and other noted stage celebrities appearing.
Buffalo's boxing club, the Queensbury Athletic Club provided the biggest day. Eight $1,000
subscriptions were sold off the platform on that day in less than one hour. The Fire Department
placed its largest extension ladder on the Square, and at a five dollar stamp per round sent fire-
men over the top. Returned soldiers, at first Canadian, and later our own wounded, spoke almost
daily. Music was provided, sometimes an orchestra or a band, but always a piano and singing.
The "American Creed" was recited by the crowd in unison, with bared heads, and the salute
to the fiag was given.
THE AMERICAN CREED
"I believe in the United States of America, as a Government of the people, by the people and for the people;
Whose just powers are derived from the consent of the governed;
A Democracy in a Republic;
A sovereign nation of many sovereign states;
A perfect union, one and inseparable;
Established upon those principles of freedom, equality, justice and humanity, for which American patriots
sacrifice their lives and fortunes.
I, therefore, believe it is my duty to my country to love it,
To support its constitution, to obey its laws, to respect Us flag and to defend it against all enemies."
— William Tyler Page.
Organized labor, the largest department stores, fraternal societies and like organizations staged
certain days providing their own speakers. The big plants doing war work, either during the day
or in the evening, staged open air performances. The Police Department staged one day's affair
at the Square from noon until midnight. Italians of the city staged the opening day of the drive
and sold $13,000.00 in stamps. In spite of the heat of the summer, the people still congregated
for these meetings, and the sales ran five and six hundred dollars a day.
During September, almost up to the time of the Fourth Liberty Loan, the meetings were held
daily, and the sales ran between $800.00 and $1,000.00. The Lafayette Square idea was carried
out under the personal supervision of Assistant Directors, Robert W. Elmes, Glenn F. Gaskill,
Joseph F. Drummond, Charles L. Mache, and .John A. Watchorn supervised the financing of the
Stamp sales.
Much friendly rivalry was engendered between the members of the various police stations and
fire houses by Mrs. Howard A. Forman donating honor banners, which were awarded each week
to the police station and the fire house making the largest sales. Through the earnest stimula-
tion of Fire Chief Edward P. Murphy and Chief of Police Henry J. Girvin, the members of
these departments sold $1,47.5,077.77 in stamps during the year; the Fire Department selling
$750,261.02, and the Police Department, $724,816.75. Too much cannot be said of the good work
performed by those patriotic men, who were tireless in their efforts to promote and extend the
idea of thrift and war savings all over the city.
The work of the Fire and Police departments, and the public schools of the city was financed
very largely through the kindness of some of the banks who extended credit to the heads of those
departments. No special record was kept of any direct sales made by the banks outside of the
sales made to these various departments, so that the million and some odd dollars reported through
the Buffalo Clearing House would be a duplication of the sales of the Fire and Police departments
Buffalo's Part in the World War 363
and public schools. The Fidelity Trust Company was made the agency for handhng the "Thou-
sand Dollar Limit Club" memberships. The banks with their co-operation rendered very valu-
able assistance to the campaign. Co-operation was also received from twenty-six loan associa-
tions, and the sales through the Erie Savings & Loan Association, which devoted considerable
activity to the enterprise, amounted to over $100,000.00.
The "My Soldier" and the "Rainbow" posters were Buffalo productions, and were official
State posters. The "My Soldier" poster was one picturing a child kneeling at the mother's knee
making a prayer, which was printed on the poster, for the return of her soldier brother. It was
conceived by Finley H. Greene, and Fay L. Faurote, and financed by the Curtiss Aeroplane Com-
pany, of which Mr. Faurote was advertising manager.
The "Rainbow" poster was a very elaborate artistic design originated by the artist, Urquhart
Wilcox, and told in allegory the promise which the War Savings through Thrift gave to the soldiers
"Over There" and the down-trodden people of Europe, and such pledge was carried across the
waters by the rainbow of America's entry into the war after the storm had burst in its great-
est violence in Europe.
The Industrial Committee, with Charles R. Robinson as chairman, organized 36 teams with
Captains as follows:
Thomas Jeacock, A. W. Kirton, James H. Foster, Fred C. Deming, F. D. Rideout, A. D. Sikes, W. M. Armstrong,
W. H. Kennedy, H. J. Turner, Edw. Klinck, .J. W. Rose, W. J. Golden, A. L. Jones, M. Tremaine, C. L. Sager, G. C.
Finley, F. W. Robinson, J. H. Bradley, D. J. Carson, F. M. Wills, J. W. Force, C. D. Cowles, Clifford Marsh, R. S.
Baldwin, G. H. Calkins, F. G. Lane, M. E. Gregg, Mary Cass, C. H. Cochrane, H. D. Edson, T. B. Mathias, F. G.
Slagle, Adam Cornelius, Devoe P. Hodson, C. C. Curry, E. C. Grassell.
The campaign was conducted in the 332 industrial plants in the city and seven in the county.
The number of employees covered in the city was 95,449 and outside the city 5,404, making a
total of 100,853. Pledges were obtained from the industrial plants in the city amounting to
64,993 and in the county 1,131 making a total of 66,124. The amount pledged in the city was
$2,116,993.00 and in the county $40,620.00 making a total of $2,257,613.00. In addition to the
figures shown above, the industrial committee obtained pledges for the maximum amount of
$1,000 from 251 individuals. This represents an additional sum of $251,000, making a gi'and
total of $2,408,613.00.
Special stress was laid on the "Thousand Dollar Limit Club" during the pledge week drive
and through the activities of a committee headed by W. H. Andrews, applications were first
secured from all of the banks who had not already subscribed and the total number of members
was increased from 419 to 1263. The Women's Committee contributed in no small degi-ee to the
number of applications received.
During Drive Week, the speakers' bureau was in charge of James H. Persons, who supplied
speakers for 161 meetings in the city and 50 in the county, a total of 211 meetings. Mrs. Harry
B. Spaulding, captain of the Motor Service Corps, established headquarters at War Savings
Stamps Offices during Pledge Week furnishing automobile service for all speakers as well as tak-
ing care of the delivery of all supplies and advertising matter, requiring services of as many as
35 automobiles at one time.
During the two weeks preceding the June drive, a complete organization was perfected through-
out the towns in Erie County. Ralph S. Kent, assistant director for Erie County, appointed a
headquarters director and major for each township. In all cases, the headquarters director was a
man having his business in Buffalo, but whose residence was in the township for which he was
appointed. He, therefore was able to take supplies out to the majors, and also to make a daily
report at headquarters, and through him, the local officers were able to keep in close touch
with what was going on in the county. The majors appointed sergeant majors to work under their
supervision, and also a captain for each school district. The captains in turn appointed their
assistants. After the organization was completed, the major held a meeting of his co-workers
for the purpose of giving full instructions, and making detailed plans for the work. In this
364
Buffalo's Part in the World War
manner, every township was ready for strenuous work as soon as the drive began, and the
organization was so thorough that a canvass was made of every house throughout the county.
Patriotic rallies were held in every town, big parades, etc. On June twenty-second occurred
the Automobile War Stamp Drive. Each prominent village was visited and patriotic addresses
were given by well-known men from Buffalo.
The organization for Erie County was as follows :
Alden — Director, F. L. Barnet, Major, E. F. Cooke; Amherst — Director, L. P. Snyder, Major, L. P. Snyder;
Aurora — Director, James W. Persons, Major, Wells Parker; Boston — Director, Charles A. Endres, Major, Fred
Frank; Cheektowaga — Director, John H. Meahl, Major, Wm. Brennan Jr.; Clarence — Director, C. L. Mache,
Major, Charles Heist; Colden — Major, Sarah Woodruff; Collins — Director, Ward J. Wilbur, Major, L. W. Law;
Concord — Director, Robert C. Gaupp, Major, Andrew J. Fitzpatrick; East Hamburg — Director, Nelson C. Spencer,
Major, Nelson C. Spencer; Eden — Director, James C. Lees, Major, H. A. Caskey; Elma — Director Walter Misner,
Major, Mrs. B. H. Hurd; Evans — Director, R. W. Werner, Major W. S. Harrison; Grand Island — Director, Sherrill
N. McWilliams, Major, George H. Alt Jr.; Hamburg — Director, Ralph McCarthy, Major, Mrs. Frederick L. Rush-
man; Holland — Director, Myron Ludlow, Major, Mrs. D. F. Tanner; Lackawanna — Director, F. G. Slagel, Major,
Judge Monaghan; Lancaster — Director, Clarence A. Porter, Major, Edward C. Grassell; Marilla — Director, L. H.
Monchow, Major, C. F. Brown; Newstead — Director, Edward J. Clark, Major, H. P. Rahn; North Collins —
Director, Howard Butler, Major, Rev. J. Chester Molyneux; Tonawanda — Director, M. D. Young, Major, Frank
C. Densberger; Sardinia — Director, Asa Ruppert, Major, Roy B. Charles; Wales — Director, WiOiam J. Palmer,
Major, Dr. J. D. Wooster; West Seneca, Director, Phillip J. Kuhn, Major, Christian Schudt.
A feature of the Pledge Week drive was the factory parades carried out under the direction of
Francis J. Rohr and Joseph F. Melia. All of the principal industrial plants were visited by a
crew of soldiers and sailors with appropriate banners, who were allowed to march through the
plants, awakening the patriotic spirit of the employees and making much easier the work of the
solicitors in obtaining pledges.
Throughout Pledge week, daily drives were held in the various theatres and motion picture
houses. The chairman of the committee on theatres and booths, A. F. Osborne was ably assisted
by I. M. Hosier, Harold B. Franklin, Merritt N. Baker, Mrs. Edward H. Butler and Mrs. Charles
P. Chapin. The financing was taken care of by the Citizens Commercial Trust Company.
The Pershing Tribute Campaign was conducted, in the city of Buffalo and throughout the
county, under the leadership of Ralph S. Kent, Director, during Thanksgiving Week, Nov. 23
to Nov. 30. The city was organized by Wards and Election Districts, and a house to house
canvass was carried on. The Director of the campaign appointed a sales manager or colonel
as leader over each ward, while the sales manager appointed a captain for each election district
in his ward, and the captains in turn appointed workers for their own election districts. It was
designed that each worker should not have more than twenty-five to thirty-five families to can-
vass, and preferably only twenty-five, as it was thought that the work would be more thoroughly
done if the worker did not have too much territory to cover.
The following "Sales Managers" were appointed:
First Ward— Robert Lacy, 375 Elk Street.
Second Ward — John O'Leary, 297 N. Division Street.
Third Ward, Thomas Hanrahan, 551 Seneca Street.
Fifth Ward— Charles J. Reuling, 1541 Abbott Road.
Sixth Ward, John Moest, 204 Genesee Street.
Seventh Ward, William J. Richter, 170 Lutheran Street.
Eighth Ward — Henry Gurtney, 251 Madison Street and
George Handler, Adams and Broadway.
Eleventh Ward— Hon. James M. Mead, 350 Gold
Street.
Thirteenth Ward— Leo Schmidt, 221 Cherry Street.
Fourteenth Ward — Joseph Kiener,263 Sycamore Street.
Fifteenth Ward— George W. Woltz, 755 Best Street.
Sixteenth Ward — Joseph W. Becker, 296 Sumner Place.
Seventeenth Ward — Clarence MacGregor, 399 Masten
Street and George E. Morgan, 101 E. Utica Street.
Eighteenth Ward — Fred C. Sprickman, 109 Roehrer
Avenue.
Twentieth Ward— W. Bartlett Sumner 21 Meech
Street.
Twenty-first Ward— Frank H. Alt, 527 Tonawanda Street.
Twenty-second Ward — John A. Hutchinson, 735 Ply-
mouth Avenue and Fred A. Bradley, 54 Lafayette
Avenue.
Twenty-third Ward — John C. Greziger, 416 Norwood
Avenue.
Twenty-Fourth Ward— Reginald Medlicott, 953 Front
Avenue.
Twenty-fifth Ward— Harry B. Lamson, 888 Main
Street.
Twenty-sixth Ward — Thomas H. McElvein, Jr., 552
Niagara Street.
Buffalo's Part in the World War
365
The results of the campaign in each Ward were as follows:
WARD
NO. OF PEOPLE NO. OF STAMPS
NO. OF PEOPLE NO. OF STAMPS
First
210
746
Second
102
227
Third
191
311
Fifth
1,048
1,921
Sixth
36
84
Seventh
189
272
Eighth
277
419
Eleventh
167
223
Thirteenth
327
462
Fourteenth
402
752
Fifteenth
258
322
Sixteenth
365
622
Seventeenth
709
1,171
Eighteenth 1,704
Twentieth 1,941
Twenty-first
Twenty-second
Twenty-third
Twenty-fourth
Twenty-fifth
Twenty-sixth
Twenty-seventh
Total . .
Special .
813
925
1,370
758
1,160
592
3
13,547
5,303
County 1,033
3,005
3,938
1,461
1,344
4,070
1,021
4,824
832
4
28,040
5,303
^,599
35,942
The sale of Thrift Stamps and War Savings Stamps by months during the year 1918, for
Buffalo and Erie County, was as follows:
January $ 79,037.70
February 127,982.37
March 495,817.69
April 431,093.75
May 495,938 99
June 1,518,759.75
July 1,319,905.25
August 814,437.50
September 939,852 50
October 817,034.75
November 768,762.75
December 763,498.75
Total $8^572,121.75
The following Committee was appointed by the Board of Education to act in connection with
the War Savings Campaign in the Public Schools of Buffalo: Mrs. John G. Wickser, Member of
Board; Dr. Henry P. Emerson, Superintendent of Schools; Prin. Calvert K. Mellen, Chairman
of High Schools; Prin. Elmer J. Cobb, Chairman Grammar Schools.
Bishop Dennis J. Dougherty appointed Rev. F. T. Kanaley, superintendent of parochial
schools, to take charge of like work in the parochial schools of the city. After having been organ-
ized and started by the Women's Committee, all sectarian and non-sectarian private schools
reported directly to the War Savings Office in the same manner as did the public schools.
Back of all this touch with the schools was the thought of the wonderful field opened up for
the teaching of patriotism and thrift to the pupils. The correspondence revealed many stories
filled with as much real patriotism and sacrifice relatively as were the wonderful stories from
the battle line overseas. One teacher wi'ote of "Little Mamie" who brought her pennies to school
every week "all hot and sticky" from her little hand clutching them so tightly, and it developed
that "Mamie" was earning the pennies at home where there were eight other little tots growing
up on a hillside farm. Nothing of the war ever would have penetrated so far into the rural sec-
tion had it not been for this war service saving work that inspired Httle "Mamie" to do her
part in the great army of financial soldiers backing up the great army of fighting soldiers.
Vacation banks were distributed to all of the public schools and parochial and private schools
in June with a view to sustaining the interest during the time that the schools were closed. Some
schools decided to appoint one day each week during the summer when the children could come
to the school house and buy their stamps, but most of the schools used the banks. The experi-
ment proved a success far beyond expectation, for the sum of the vacation savings of public
schools was about $50,000. By the third week of September every public school of the city had
sent in a postal card report of the sales to date, showing that the interest was not only as great
as ever, but was increasing.
One of the best methods of advertising the W'ar Savings Campaign in Buffalo was the u.se of
school signs, 29 of which were distributed in various parts of the city, having been contributed
by some former pupil or friend of the school, or in some instances paid for by the pupils them-
selves. These signs were about six feet by three, made of wood, set up in some conspicuous place
366 Buffalo's Part in the World War
on the school grounds, and painted red, white and blue with the service shield at the left bearing
the words "U. S. War Savings Service" and at the right "Buy War Savings Stamps and Help
Win the War."
At the beginning of the Campaign, Ralph S. Kent, Assistant Director, was appointed by
Mr. Husted to take charge of the work in Erie County outside of Buffalo, and Mr. Kent had
personal supervision of this work throughout the campaign. Most of the work was done by
correspondence, although Mr. Kent and Chas. L. Mache, principal of School 17, personally
attended many of the meetings held in the different towns and schools for the purpose of organ-
izing, and gave inspiring addresses on the War Savings movement.
The work in the Erie County Schools was particularly successful, and a large per cent of the
schools had active War Savings Societies. Early in the year a competition was started and a
banner was awarded every two weeks to the school having the highest average in each Super-
visory District. Semi-monthly reports were sent to Headquarters, where they were tabulated,
and a report made to the schools announcing the award of the banner, those having the highest
averages, and other items of interest. A very beautiful silk banner was donated by Mr. Kent for
use in the competition among the High Schools, and at the end of the year that banner was
awarded to Orchard Park High School, which had the highest average for the entire year. The
total sale in the schools outside of Buffalo was $100,415.90.
Miss May Conklin was the executive secretary acting under Mr. Kent, and she kept in con-
stant touch with the 266 schools in her districts.
The work in the Public Schools was carried on along very definite lines, which were approved by
the Board of Education. The plan was set forth by a circular dated Feb. 8, 1918, and provided
First — For forming a War Savings Society in every school along the simple plans suggested
by the Government, the same to be affiliated with the National War Savings Organization.
Second — For arranging a systematic correlation of lessons in thrift with the regular lessons of
the school, e. g., —
(a) Arithmetic lessons on the financial need of the country in carrying on the war, the savings
to the country and to the individual by avoiding extravagance and waste.
(6) Oral and written English lessons on the importance of thrift, economy, the conservation of
resources and our duty in helping to win the war.
(c) Geography and History lessons about the thrift and economy shown by the different coun-
tries at war and the influence thereof on the prosperity of their people.
Third — For arranging for meetings of pupils or parents during the year to listen to speakers or
to participate in exercises that will emphasize the subject of thrift and savings.
Fourth — For sending information to every home through the children about War Savings
Stamps and their importance in helping to win the war while at the same time providing for
the future success of the person making the saving.
Fifth — For earnest patriotic individual work of teachers, pupils and parents in "doing their
bit" for their country in helping this War Savings Campaign.
In brief this plan was intended to make every class room a place where anyone in the district
could save any amount desired for war stamps and receive them through the school. The result
was seen in the tabulated sales.
TOTAL SCHOOLS PARTICIPATING IN WAR S. S. SCHOOL CAMPAIGN, 1918
City of Buffalo: no. of schools total sales
Grammar Schools 64 $464,414.97
High Schools 5 122,861.11
Private Schools 17 38,794.03
Parochial Schools 65 132,712.75
Sales of Boy Scouts credited to Schools 142,691 00
Erie County Schools (.outside of Buffalo) :
Public Schools 267 100,415.90
Parochial Schools 23 7,336.95
Total $1,009,226.71
Buffalo's Part in the World War
367
The sales in the schools outside the city were divided among the various towns in the following
manner:
TOWNSHIP
NO. OF SCHOOLS TOTAL SALES
TOWNSHIP
NO. OF SCHOOLS
TOTAL SALES
Alden . . .
. High
1
$2,111.61
Elma . . .
Graded
9
915.44
Graded
7
453.21
Evans . . .
. High
1
1,454.53
Amherst . .
High
1
2,689.68
Graded
13
4,737.87
Graded
9
1,816.27
Grand Island
Graded
8
1,443.57
Aurora . .
High
1
2,640.24
Hamburg
. High
2
9,906.88
Graded
9
1,191.52
Graded
7
3,896 36
Boston . .
. Graded
7
1,971.35
Holland . .
. High
1
1,161.37
Brant . .
. Graded
3
879 . 43
Graded
5
181.50
Cheektowaga
High
1
800 . 47
Lancaster
. High
2
7,072.20
Graded
7
2,048.66
Graded
6
589.08
Clarence . .
High
1
251 02
Marilla . .
. Graded
9
5,866.45
Graded
9
1,098.12
Newstead
High
1
25,39.00
Golden . .
Graded
6
415.63
Graded
10
1,933.81
Collins . .
High
1
752.54
North Collins
High
1
1,058 00
Graded
9
970 31
Graded
8
10,394 64
Concord
. High
1
3,842 40
Sardinia . .
. Graded
8
1,004.49
Graded
7
579 75
Tonawanda
. High
1
7,324 . 72
E. Hamburg
High
1
4,700.50
Graded
3
600.25
Graded
4
151.68
Wales . . .
. Graded
8
663.18
Eden . . .
. High
1
1,662.50
West Seneca
. High
3
2,108.81
Graded
8
3,895.39
PAROCHIAL
Total . .
SCHOOLS
Graded
5
643.47
. $100,415.90
SS. Peter and
1 Paul, Hamburg
hard Park
. . . $2,740.00
. . 1,410.75
St. Clara, Eas
St. Paul, Keni
Holy Helpers,
t Aurora
nore
219.25
Nativity, Ore
180.95
St. Mary, Lancaster ...
. . . 598.00
GardenvilL
e
129.00
St. Aloysius,
Springville . .
. . . 425.00
Mother of Good Counsel,
, Blasdell . . .
112.25
St. Augustine,
■. Denew
... 331.75
St. Josaphat, i
•Ilnan
97.75
St. Francis, Tonawanda . .
. . . 322.50
St. Martin, Langford
96.75
St. -John Baptist, Boston . .
... 253.00
St. Mary, New Oregon .
171.50
St. Anthony,
Farnham ...
. . . 185.00
0. L. Help of Christians,
Cheektowaga .
63.50
Total . . .
. $7,336.95
368 Buffalo's Part in the World War
CHAPTER XCVIII
BUFFALO CHAPTER, AMERICAN RED CROSS
ON October 4th, 1914, a group of women met at the home of Mrs. W. T. Atwater to discuss
the question of how to organize for war rehef work. On October 24th a general meeting
was called at the Twentieth Century Club and the Buffalo War Relief Comittee came into
being. The officers elected were Ansley Wilcox, Chairman, Mrs. Lucien Howe, Vice Chairman,
Edward L. Hengerer, Treasurer, and Miss Maude Burnett, Secretary. This committee made
clothing and collected articles for warring countries.
As the problem of unemployment became more and more acute, a second committee was
organized under the title of Red Cross Work Room Committee with Miss Mabel Wilcox as Chair-
man. This had as its function the collection of money for the purchase of material and the employ-
ment of women to make the clothing to be shipped abroad through the Buffalo War Relief Com-
mittee.
In October, 1915, these two were merged into one organization called the American Red Cross
Buffalo War Rehef and Workrooms Committee with Ansley Wilcox as Chairman, Mrs. F. C.
Gratwick, Vice Chairman, Miss Mabel Wilcox, Executive Secretary and Clifford Hubbell, Treas-
urer.
A shop was opened in Main Street for exhibition purposes and an additional department was
established to provide a reserve stock of supplies for home use in case of any national calamity.
On July 7, 1916, at a meeting held at the Iroquois Hotel, this Committee went out of existence
and the Buffalo Chapter of the American Red Cross was organized. F. S. McGraw was elected
Chairman, Harry Yates, Vice Chairman; Clifford Hubbell, Treasurer; Miss Mabel Wilcox,
Secretary; and Mrs. B. B. Glenny, Jr., Assistant Secretary. Headquarters were opened in the
Root Building and Committees on Mihtary and Civilian Rehef, First Aid, Finance, Publicity
and Membership appointed.
In January, 1917, the Chapter voted to establish and equip a Base Hospital. The story of this
hospital will be told elsewhere in this history.
In April the Executive offices were moved to the Niagara Life Building and the workrooms
to the Gratwick house, 776 Delaware Avenue. In May, Waldo H. Sherman was chosen Executive
Secretary. At that time the Doty house at 795 Delaware Avenue was opened for Foreign Relief
and an Extension Department for Erie County organized.
In July, W. G. Moncrieff was elected Vice Chairman of the Chapter and a Woman's Division
organized. The workrooms were centralized at 303 North Street.
In September William P. Haines succeeded Mr. Sherman as Executive Secretary of the Chapter
and in January, 1918, L. P. Shumway was appointed to that position while the Bankers' Trust
Company was made Assistant Treasurer. In February the Executive Officers and the Garment
and Yarn Departments opened new quarters in the Curtiss Building at 210 Franklin Street. In
September Mrs. Richard Noye, Jr., succeeded Mr. Shumway as Executive Secretary. In Decem-
ber the Woman's Board was abolished and a Committee on Production appointed. The per-
sonnel of the Executive Committee has changed from time to time. The Ust includes the following:
E. H. Butler, Mrs. Russell Bryant, Dr. Marshall Clinton, Mrs. Harry Yates, Dr. George R. Critehlow, Mrs. Wil-
liam B. Hoyt, M. F. Dirnberger, Mrs. William Chapin, Mrs. F. W. Fiske, Jr., Mrs. W. T. Atwater, A. C. Goodyear,
Dr. Timothy Donovan, Clifford Hubbell, Mrs. F. B. Cooley, James How, Mrs. Evan HoUister, Ralph C. Hudson,
Major Charles E. Walbridge, Evan Hollister, Harry T. Ramsdell, F. S. McGraw, General Samuel M. Welch, W. A.
Morgan, Roderick Potter, Mrs. H. W. Sprague, Mrs. .James H. Dyett, H. W. Sprague, Dr. Alfred H. Clark, Ansley
Wilcox, Mrs. Richard Noye, Jr.: Miss Mabel Wilcox, Clement H. Cochrane, Harry Yates, John J. Boland, Mrs.
Bryant B. Glenny Jr., William P. Haines, Dr. Francis E. Fronczak, Waldo H. Sherman, John H. Baker, Mrs. Frank
S. McGraw, Henry D. Miles, Maxwell M. Nowak, D. J. Kenefick, Frank Winch, W. G. Moncrieff, Dr. George T.
Moseley, William H. Barr, A. G. Bartholomew, A. J. Elias, Mrs. L. E. Bartlett, Bert L. Jones, Mrs. H. L. Chisholm,
Buffalo's Part in the World War
369
Red Cross Workers
Buffalo women who did their bit toward winning the war
Mrs. Charles Clifton, Mrs. William Hamlin, Rev. William J. Kirwin, 0. M. L, S. M. Clement, Mrs. J. P. Devine,
Mrs. C. E. Hoffman, E. L. Koons, Rabbi Louis J. Kopald, Mrs. John D. Larkin Jr., Rev. S. V. V. Holmes, Mrs.
T. K. Mann, H. P. Parrock, Mrs. Dexter P. Rumsey, Mrs. Frederick Slee, Mrs. Harry B. Spaulding, Miss Edna
Stainton, Mrs. Nelson S. Taylor, Mrs. E. L. Thomas, George P. Urban, Langdon B. Wood.
During the first few months of the Hfe of the Buffalo Chapter the receipts and expenditures
were small but soon grew by leaps and bounds. On January 1st, 1917, the cash on hand amounted
to $1,379.30. During the two years ending December 31, 1918, the Chapter received as its share
of membership fees, $111,625.45; from classes over and above expenses, $162.29; from the Allied
Bazaar, $11,504.76; from All-Star Theatre Benefit, $36,130.61; from Junior Memberships,
$6,241.16; from contributions through Food Administration, $17,453.84; from general and
special donations, $128,597.78; from Buffalo's share of 1st and 2d Red Cross War Funds, $675,-
059.93, making total receipts of $988,158.07. During the same two years the disbursements were —
for operating expenses including rent, heat, light, wages, postage, printing, telephone, and tele-
graph for all departments, and all campaign expenses $94,292.40; for magazines and insignia
over and above receipts, $1,274.69; for materials, 94 different articles including yarn to the
value of $260,000, gauze, flannelette, sheeting, cotton, comfort kits, etc., $634,004.35; for Civil
and Military Relief other than Production Department, $145,896.38; total expenditures, $884,-
467.82. Cash and bonds on hand December 31, 1918, amounted to $103,690.25. In addition to
this the Chapter had further resources of $218,257.61 representing the amount due the Chapter
on its 25% share of the amount collected on the Second War Fund.
The story of the two War Fund campaigns is to be told elsewhere. A brief summary would
reveal that as regards the First War Fund, the total subscription was $1,953,259.27. Over 98%
or $1,917,851.03 of this was collected. On the Second War Fund, $2,502,717.24 was pledged.
Up to May 5th, $2,299,597.78 of that amount had been paid in.
Clifford Hubbell served as Treasurer of the Chapter from its formation, with L. P. Williams,
370 Buffalo's Part in the World War
the Bankers Trust Company and the Fidelity Trust Company as Assistant Treasurers. All
accounts were audited and reported to National Headquarters in detail. Overhead expenses were
more than covered by membership fees, all donations being applied directly to relief work.
The Red Cross is dependent upon membership fees for its operating expenses. A portion goes
for maintenance of National and Division Headquarters and a part is retained by the local Chapter
for the same purpose.
Three membership campaigns were carried on during the war period — the first, with W. G.
Moncrieff as Chairman early in 1917, the second with C. H. Cochrane as Chairman in December
1917, and the third with Langdon B. Wood and Mrs. Richard H. Thompson as leaders, December
1918. The actual membership April 1st, 1919, was as follows: Annual, 149,965; Subscribing,
4,030; Contributing, 218; Sustaining, 41; Life, 78; Patron, 5, or a total of 154,381.
During the months preceding the formal organization of the Buffalo Chapter and for some
time after, the articles produced and the place of shipment depended largely upon individual
initiative. Garments, new and old, both for civilians and for hospital use ; surgical dressings and
comfort bags were made and shipped for Base Hospital 23, American Fund for French Wounded,
Serbian Mission and National Surgical Dressings Committee.
In the summer of 1917 all production activities were put under the direction of a Woman's
Board, appointed as follows: Mrs. William Hamlin, President; Mrs. James H. Dyett, Vice-
President and Work Director; Mrs. F. S. McGraw, Secretary; Mrs. P. H. Griffin and Mrs.
Frederick Humburch, Cutting Department; Mrs. Roderick Potter and Miss Agnes Derrick,
Packing and Shipping; Mrs. Frederick C. Slee, Knitting; Mrs. Henry Ware Sprague and Mrs.
J. J. Albright, Educational; Mrs. Harry L. Chisholm and Mrs. F. B. Cooley, Surgical Dressings;
Mrs. John D. Larkin Jr., Purchasing; Mrs. Harry Yates and Mrs. Henry Rumrill, Soldiers'
Comforts; Mrs. Charles B. Sears and Mrs. Lucius Bartlett, Sewing; Mrs. Roger C. Adams and
Mrs. J. G. Eppendorf, City Activities; Mrs. W. T. Atwater and Mrs. William B. Hoyt, House-
keeping; Mrs. William C. Warren.
At that time the Greene house at 303 North Street and the Gratwick house at 776 Delaware
Avenue were entirely given over to those departments. As the months went on and the National
organization developed, the Production Department became a great factory, receiving definite
orders of what to produce with definite dates of shipment. This gave stability to the work.
Of the Knitting Department, with Mrs. Frederick C. Slee Chairman from its organization, the
record files show more than 14,000 accounts representing at least 20,000 knitters. The lame man
who sells pencils, the fireman, the blind, the rich and the poor made up that great army of workers.
Knitted articles to the number of 26,295 were given to soldiers before leaving home, and more
than 10,000 articles distributed to men stationed in the City. Altogether, 70,639 sweaters, 145,082
pairs of socks and 25,176 other articles, making a grand total of 240,897 garments valued at
$541,589.25 were shipped, while tons of yarn were used. While the greater part of that was hand
work, one of the picturesque features was the knitting machines in the firehouses, manned by
the wilhng firemen who made at least 30,000 pairs of socks. With the cessation of hostilities
military knitting stopped and the making of stockings, sweaters, mufflers and shawls for refugees
began.
Letters by the score tell of the appreciation of the soldier boys. Perhaps the following from a
major in the Convoy Service is typical:
"Allow me to thank you and the members of the Red Cross Society for the very nice and
prompt way in which the men under my command were supplied with sweaters, mufflers, wrist-
lets, helmets and gloves by your organization.
"I doubt if there is anyone who really appreciates these things like the soldiers. These men
came from a southern climate to Buffalo in the very cold weather here, but through your very
prompt attention to this matter they were immediately supplied with everything necessary to
keep them warm.
"The Red Cross is certainly doing a noble work, and they have a large place in the hearts of
Buffalo's Part in the World War 371
all soldiers. I know not only from experience here in Buffalo, but from the great work they
did for the majority of soldiers in Camp Custer, Michigan."
Closely related to the Knitting is the Comforts Department with Mrs. Harry Yates at its head.
Property bags, trench bags and comfort bags containing the many articles so necessary to the
well being of the men have been turned out in incredible numbers. In all, 101,842 comfort bags,
packets and miscellaneous comforts have gone forward with a valuation of .$93,584.50.
That department required the entire floor space at 777 Main Street for its work, later moving
to 213 Franklin Street. In October, 1917, an intensive campaign was carried on for the collection
of articles for Christmas packages for men in service.
The Garment Department had a succession of Chairmen — Mrs. William C. Warren, Mrs. C.
H. McCullough, Mrs. Lucius Bartlett and the present incumbent, Mrs. C. E. Hoffman. The
department shipped 107,445 hospital garments, 2.34,621 pieces of hospital linen and 52,446 refu-
gee garments, totaling, with some shipments to the American Commission in Devastated France,
395,738 pieces valued at $371,693.38. Nearly one half million yards of material were used, besides
thousands of articles purchased from the Atlantic Division. A Committee under Mrs. W. C. Kerr
became expert with the electric machine, cutting fifty or more thicknesses of cloth at one time.
That Department probably had work for a long time after the war, as the peoples of war
ravaged countries not reached by the Red Cross during hostilities were in desperate need of our
help.
The Surgical Dressings Department, before the signing of the Armistice, had grown to such
size that it filled one of the largest houses in the city, the Daniels house at 787 Delaware Avenue.
The personnel of the Department numbered between five and six hundred, including instructors,
inspectors, stockkeepers, shippers, etc. Fifty workrooms were established throughout the city and
county and the workers, both men and women numbered thousands. In all 677,152^4 yards of
material and 40,370 pounds of cotton were used in making 2,237,009 dressings, conservatively
valued at $94,021.83. The total estimated value of work from all departments is $1,100,888.96
for 2,975,486 pieces. Mrs. H. L. Chisholm was Chairman of that Department from the date of
its organization.
The Packing Department, with Mrs. Roderick Potter as Chairman and Mrs. Clarence E. Miner
in charge of Surgical Dressings, packed and shipped nearly 5,000 cases of supplies. Shipments
were made to the headquarters of the Atlantic Division in New York City and distributed from
that point.
The Committee on Military Relief was organized in July, 1917, with Dr. Marshall Clinton as
Chairman and Major C. E. Walbridge as Chairman of Committee on Supply. Dr. Clinton who
resigned to take charge of Base Hospital 23 was succeeded by General Samuel M. Welch.
That Department was divided into three parts; the Canteen, the Motor Corps, and General
Relief. The first probably brought Red Cross into more intimate contact with a greater number
of persons than any other.
The Canteen was organized in 1917 by a committee of men and women and grew in size until
its workers numbered over sixty. It was officered by a Director, Mrs. Nelson S. Taylor; two
assistants, Mrs. C. E. Walbridge and Mrs. Raymond Baldwin; an executive committee and
seven captains of the day. Under each captain were nine workers who were on call all day. The
office was open from 9 A. M. to 5 P. M. with a captain or aide ready to meet emergency calls.
Information concerning troop trains was given by the railroad officials to the head of the Train
Information Bureau, who, in turn, called the Captain of the Day, telling her at what hours trains
were due. The captain called the workers for the day, supplies were counted into the baskets
and workers and supplies taken to the designated railroad yard.
During the summer of 1918, Buffalo was often the first city where the boys received canteen
service. Altogether the canteen served over half a million men in about six hundred trains. The
approximate cost of the service per man was from seven to fifteen cents. Usually cigarettes,
matches and chocolate were given, but during the summer, ice cream cones and oranges were
372 Buffalo's Part in the World War
substituted for chocolate, and often during the coldest months, coffee and doughnuts were served.
The troop trains did not come into the station and the canteen workers had from two to ten
miles of motor ride each time they met a train. Many telegrams were received requesting the
purchase of supphes which were paid for by the commanding officer of the troop trains.
The Station Canteen service was organized in May, 1918, with Mrs. George F. Hawley as Direc-
tor and Mrs. C. R. Wyckoff as Assistant Director. Its home was a small, well equipped booth
in the main entrance of the New York Central Station, with space in front railed off and furnished
with chairs and tables, and supplied with stationery and reading matter. A bathroom with twelve
showers was located in the basement of the station. Buffalo then was not only an important
junction point for troop trains, but a passage way and stopping place for a multitude of individual
enlisted men, most of them strangers, some ill, and many stranded, owing to lack of funds.
Calls for assistance were many and multifarious in character. The booth was open day and
night and attended by over sixty workers. Not less than one hundred thousand men were served
in one way or another. One officer, typical of hundreds wrote: "Many thanks for the service
rendered my men. No one knows how it helps to have the Red Cross behind us."
A sailor would send back a postal saying: "The Red Cross is 0. K. Many thanks for the
eats. It sure helps to meet the pretty nurses at the Station. "
The history of the Motor Corps is a part and parcel of the history of every department of
the Red Cross since it serves every department and every department is dependent upon it. Up
to August, 1918, the Red Cross was supplied with drivers, aides and cars by the National League
for Women's Service Motor Corps. At that time the Corps, with one hundred and seventy-five
members with Mrs. Harry B. Spaulding as Captain, became a part of the Buffalo Chapter of
the American Red Cross.
There were in service four trucks, three ambulances and a touring car owned by the Chapter
in addition to an average of 450 private cars per month. The ambulance unit was on call day
and night. During the Influenza Epidemic 576 patients were carried in twelve days.
The Motor Corps made virtually all deliveries and collections for the Production Depart-
ment; made an average of 400 calls a month for the Home Service; made the collections for
Salvage and Used Clothing Drives (over 1400 calls for the last one); delivered supplies and
provided transportation for speakers in Membership and War Fund Campaigns, to mention only
a part of their activities.
In addition, the Motor Corps has served the following organizations; Federal Government,
U. S. Housing Corporation, Liberty Loan, Ordnance Department, Navy Department, French
Commission, British and American Recruiting, Children's Aid Society, Charity Organization
Society, District Nursing Association, General Hospital Social Service, Children's Hospital,
Health Department, Y. M. C. A., and made milk delivery for sick babies four times a week.
The Corps was organized on a military basis with weekly infantry and ambulance drills. One
important function of the Motor Corps has been the work in connection with General Hospital
4, at Fort Porter. This service has included transportation of patients to and from the hospi-
tal; transportation of entertainers to and from the hospital and the establishment of a service
for taking convalescent men for motor rides.
General Military Relief. This might be termed general utility, help given wherever needed.
Two or three of the hundreds of cases will illustrate.
A man who enlisted in South Dakota, parents' residence in Idaho, victim of shell shock received
in battle in France, is discharged from Fort Porter apparently well though unable to work. His
papers still in France, all he can be paid is three and one-half cents per mile to his place of enlist-
ment. He wants to return to his parents but is fifty dollars short. The Red Cross provides the
money.
A veteran with Boer War Medal, fifteen years' service, wounded in the battle of Mons after
one year of fighting, one of twenty-eight men remaining in battalion of 1,400 who left England
in August, 1914. Discharged from hospital. Three wounds in right foot and one on back of head
Buffalo's Part in the World War 373
prohibit further fighting. As a fireman he goes to sea — ship torpedoed, sinks, rescued he sails
again. Torpedoed, sinking and rescue repeated. He sails again for New York. His record book
tells the rest of the story: "King, Philip, homeward bound, sunk by collision off Swinburne
Island; voyage not completed." He wants to go to friends in Canada who will help him to a
job which may be a trifle safer. The Red Cross sees that he gets there.
These stories may be duplicated many times.
The Civilian Relief Committee is the department of the Bufl"alo Chapter which was charged
with the responsibility of the Red Cross in respect to alleviating distress among the people of
the city and county. It came into existence with the War.
The General Committee of which Roderick Potter was Chairman until April, 1919, when he
was succeeded by S. M. Clement, is subdivided into a Home Service Section, charged with the
care of families of men in service and a Disaster Relief Committee which would organize relief
work in the event of a large local disaster. Under its Chairman, E. L. Koons, this committee
gave assistance to the Department of Health during the Influenza epidemic.
The Home Service Section had to learn an ever-growing job while performing the task. The
provisions of the war risk insurance law for allotments and allowances, for fife and compensation
insurance for the benefit of the families of soldiers and sailors were the most munificent legisla-
tion of the kind ever devised, but the task of putting it into operation was so huge that it proved
impossible to get the allotment checks through with any degree of promptness or regularity.
The families of the numberless "Private John Smith" had to be fed in the meantime and it was
the Red Cross that saved the day. From the first, it was realized that these dependent people
could not be left to the care of the established charitable or State authorities. They were normal
families temporarily disorganized because their men had given up everything for all the other
families of the country. These people were our neighbors to whom we do not offer alms and to
whom the Red Cross meant friendship.
During the War, under the direction of the secretaries, Mrs. Harrie R. Dilks and Miss Edna
Stainton, about four thousand families were cared for by providing money for their support, in
full or in part, during the interval between the enlistment of the man and the payment of his
money from the Government, or supplementing that amount on account of some extraordinary
need.
It disbursed over one hundred thousand dollars in money for relief alone. Next to money
relief, the principal activity was the Information Bureau, under Miss Frances Romatowska, which
gave advice, secured pay, handled legal problems through a volunteer committee of which John
Alan Hamilton was Chairman, and, in short, acted for those famihes in all their relations with
the War and Treasury Departments. That bureau alone disposed of nearly 10,000 cases.
The work required an amount of family visiting and investigating of which the record of between
ten and fifteen thousand family visits will enable one to gather a fairly accurate idea. From the
first it was realized that money could not be simply handed out to anyone who asked, and not
only money, but every kind of neighborly assistance was needed in a family where the principal
wage earner was gone, a family which perhaps did not even know what the war was about. A series
of training classes, under Mrs. Anna B. Fox, gave a force of 85 volunteer visitors to supplement
the paid staff. These volunteers worked under three Supervisors — Mrs. E. B. McKenna, Mrs.
Carlton M. Smith and Mrs. C. H. Cochrane.
The work of the Home Service Section has been cumulative. In September, 1917, nine families
were given money relief to the amount of $123.00. In September, 1918, the corresponding figures
were 434 families with $13,109 spent, besides 1,286 families aided in some other way.
After the signing of the Armistice, work with the men increased. Discharged men were given
information about insurance, loans made to men who had found work but were in need of funds
to carry them to the first pay day; sick soldiers cared for while a committee, with S. S. Mitchell
as Chairman, co-operated with the Federal Board in the care and re-education of disabled men.
All through the War the Erie County Medical Association formed a Committee of 46
Buffalo's Part in the World War 375
physicians and surgeons, directed by Dr. Irving W. Potter, who served all needy families without
charge. The Preparedness League of American Dentists gave service free and the City Health
Department and the District Nursing Association were unfailing in their co-operation. The
records of the Home Service Section would show "human interest" stories enough to fill many
volumes. Their work, of course, was of a confidential nature.
When the mails were closed to enemy countries, the only method of communication was through
the Red Cross and hundreds of welfare messages were sent and received. For example — a Buffalo
Pole had had no word of his wife in Poland for three years. Through the Red Cross they were
able to assure each other of their safety.
Under the Chapter Development Department was included the organization and development
of the branches and auxiliaries of the Buffalo Chapter. Miss Mabel Wilcox was the first Director
with Miss Edna Stainton as her successor. There were, in the city of Buffalo, 178 Auxiliaries.
Sixty per cent were in churches, representing all denominations in the city. Forty per cent repre-
sented women's clubs, neighborhood circles, business concerns, settlement houses, patriotic leagues,
labor unions and lodges. The main duty of those auxiharies was to make and turn over to Red
Cross headquarters surgical dressings, knitted articles and garments of all kinds. The members
have also responded to calls for workers in drives of every kind.
In the county there were 63 Branches and 88 units. The Branches are miniature Chapters,
having all the departments of the parent Chapter. With the exception of three or four very
small settlements, every town, village and four corners in Erie County was an organized part
of the Buffalo Chapter. Virtually all of the branches had central work-rooms in empty stores,
while the Red Cross note ran through the hum and rumble of all activities in all the nooks and
corners of the county. A list of these branches included:
Akron, Alden, Amherst, Angola, Arcade, Athol Springs, Blasdell, Boston, Bowmansville,
Chaffee, Clarence, Clarence Center, Colden, Collins, Collins Center, Cowlesville, Crittenden,
Depew, Derby, East Amherst, East Aurora, East Hill, Eden, Elma, Farnham, Glenwood, Gowanda
Griffins Mills, Hamburg, Holland, Iroquois, Irving, Java, .Java Center, Java Village, Kenmore,
Lackawanna, Lancaster, Lawtons, Marilla, Millgrove, North Boston, North Collins, North Evans,
Orchard Park, Porterville, Sardinia, Sloan, South Wales, Springville, Strykersville, Swormville,
Tonawandas, Town Line, Versailles, Wales, Wales Center, West Falls, West Seneca, Williams-
ville, Williston, Woodlawn.
The Educational Department, under its Chairman Mrs. Henry Ware Sprague, was in charge
of the classes in Home Nursing, First Aid and Dietetics. Miss Katherine Shaddock and Miss
Kate I. Kennedy were Chapter Supervisors, and Dr. Alfred Hull Clark and Dr. George T. Mose-
ley. Chairman of First Aid.
In elementary first aid 72 classes were organized, 1,236 pupils enrolled and 683 graduated.
In advanced first aid 7 classes were organized, 81 pupils enrolled and 58 graduated. In home
nursing 56 classes were organized, 894 pupils enrolled and 438 graduated. In dietetics 7 classes
were organized, 103 pupils enrolled and 67 graduated.
These classes were self-supporting. The courses in Dietetics were given in the perfectly equipped
domestic science kitchens of the High and Normal schools.
The Junior Membership of the Red Cross grew out of the efforts of many children to link
themselves with the Red Cross in their school units. It aimed primarily to educate through ser-
vice, and its ideals entailed active participation in community, national and world citizenship;
the integration of the spirit of sacrifice and service in all school work, and its peace program is to
serve the children of the world. The first director was Miss Marjorie Elias, who was followed
by Miss Ellen K. Eppendorf. In October, 1918, Mrs. Bryant B. Glenny became head of the
department with Mrs. J. G. Joseph as director of production. Enrollments are made with each
school as a unit by the payment of twenty five cents in cash or its equivalent in service for each child
registered. The total Junior membership of the Buffalo Chapter was at that period, 1919, 38,284
in 371 school auxiliaries. The total amount of money paid in by the school children was $9,571.12.
376 Buffalo's Part in the World War
Lafayette High School Auxiliary adopted seven French orphans; Hutchinson High School,
two; School of Practice, one; School No. 31, one; School No. 48, one; Hamburg High School,
seven; West Seneca Union No. 3, two and Church Charity Foundation, one.
The children produced more than seventy thousand articles including handkerchiefs, scrap
books, washcloths, property bags, splints, bedside tables, pajamas, operating gowns, children's
garments, tabourets, packing boxes, knitting needles, sweaters, socks, mufflers, and shawls.
These were used overseas, in camps, in convalescent homes and local hospitals. It is at this time
the stated purpose of the American Red Cross to make the Junior Department one of the most
important parts of its "peace organization."
The Salvage Department opened its headquarters on October 1, 1918, at 41 East Eagle Street,
the building being given for four months by Miss Amelia Stevenson. The officers were Ralph C.
Hudson, Chairman, and Mrs. Thomas K. Mann, Vice Chairman. Collection stations were estab-
lished in the various fire houses and fifty thousand cards distributed to householders telling what
articles to save and where to send them. That department took charge of the peach pits and
nut shells accumulated in the city and surrounding towns. Fifty tons were forwarded to Astoria,
L. I. to be used in making carbon for gas masks. This amount was sufficient to make masks for
seventeen thousand men. Donations of every conceivable article, from an old hat to a fine violin
were made. The shop sold those articles at retail at a reasonable price while waste paper, rubber,
etc. was sold at wholesale. The Automobile Club of Buffalo conducted a rubber drive which
netted over seven hundred dollars. The primary purpose of that department was to aid in form-
ing habits of thrift and conservation. Incidentally, it brought in a steady income to the Red
Cross.
Two hundred and ninety-one Nurses were enrolled in the Red Cross Nursing Service through
the Buffalo local Committee. For Home Defense Service thirty-seven were enrolled. Two hun-
dred and seventy-seven of the Nurses went into active service. Four Buffalo Red Cross Nurses
died in service overseas — Estelle Knapp, Florence M. Trank, Magdalene Holland and Annie
Williams. Mary Healey died at a Home camp. The Registrar of Nurses for the Buffalo Chapter
was Kate I. Kennedy.
Thousands of men were sent overseas and into camps and cantonments by the Red Cross for
its many activities. The Chapter records show the following men from Buffalo: Walter H.
Barnes, Harlan P. Bosworth, Harris Bothwell, William L. Bryant, C. J. Coatsworth, W. Harry
Glenny, C. W. Goodyear, W. C. R. Hazard, James How, Harry D. Kirkover, James B. McCreary,
E. G. Spaulding, J. R. Wickwire, Spencer Kellogg, Jr., William G. Meadows, R. R. Mitchell,
Arnold B. Watson, Knowlton Mixer, Henry Oliver Smith, John Chamberlain, F. Sears McGraw,
Jr., George William Grupp, Paul Ivanichevitch, Robert 0. Meldrum, Isadore Finigold, Paul Har-
rend, Arthur J. Hornberger, Francis J. Zuchlewski, Douglas P. Kingston, Francis Alward, C. E.
Clarey and J. E. S. McCurdy.
Seymour Olmsted went overseas under the auspices of other organizations, but was transferred
to the Red Cross after arrival in Europe.
This list does not include men who in many instances drove Red Cross ambulances overseas
who.se records are not in the possession of the Buffalo Chapter. W. G. Moncrieff was Chairman
of Personnel for men and Mrs. Edwin L. Thomas for women.
Nearly a half million trench candles or ration heaters were made for the Red Cross by the
members of the Buffalo Fire Department. These were made from old newspapers, tightly rolled
and boiled in paraffine. These trench candles were a great comfort for the soldiers. Being smoke-
less, they could be used in first line position.
Friday, December 7, 1917, was Red Cross Matinee Day for Americans. Nearly every
theatre in the country gave a special matinee on that day, the total receipts without any deduc-
tions being given to the Red Cross. The E.xecutive Committee for Buffalo consisted of Dr. P. C.
Cornell, Manager of the Star Theatre as Chairman, F. S. McGraw and Henry J. Carr.
At the Star, "Cheating Cheaters" was the attraction; in the Teck, "Oh, Boy" and in the
Buffalo's Part in the World War 377
Majestic, "A Girl Without a Chance." At Shea's, the regular performance was given in the
morning and at the Olympic, where the latter's show was combined with the Lyric's perform-
ance. Actors, musicians, stage hands and ushers gave their services free and a substantial sum
was turned in to the Red Cross Treasury.
Norman de Nord, a salesman in the C. A. Weed store suggested that all voters on Elec-
tion Day, November, 1917, be asked to contribute something to the Red Cross for soldiers'
smokes. Cigar boxes were placed in all election booths and more than eight hundred dollars was
collected.
A striking calendar of War verse was sold in Buffalo during the Christmas season of 1917 for
the benefit of the Red Cross. It was compiled by a small group under the direction of Mrs.
E. H. I.etch worth and included 53 poems by such authors as Eden Philpotts, William Watson,
Edith Wharton, Richard Le Gallienne, Alan Seeger and others. The Red Cross treasury was
more than two thousand dollars richer as the result of the sale of this calendar.
For the first time in the history of the City and County Hall, and that dates back to 1876, an
advertising sign was allowed on the property, when, on December 15, 1917, workmen began the
erection of a mammoth Red Cross sign board.
What was probably the most remarkable theatrical production ever given in Buffalo was the
all star performance of "Out There" given at the Majestic Theatre May 23d for the benefit of
the Red Cross. James How was Chairman of the special committee in charge and the cast included
George Arliss, George M. Cohan, Mrs. Fiske, Julia Arthur. James K. Hackett, Helen Ware,
James T. Powers, Beryl Mercer, 0. P. Heggie, George MacFarlane, Eleanore de Cisneros, Burr
Mcintosh, Laurette Taylor, H. B. Warner and Chauncey Olcott.
De Wolf Hopper conducted the auction sale of seats, the first box going to W. A. Morgan at
a premium of one thousand dollars. The theatre was filled to overflowing and the net proceeds
were upwards of thirty-six thousand dollars. The auction of the autographed program netted
$13,800.00.
In October, 1918, arrangements were made by the War Department and Post Office Depart-
ment with the American Red Cross whereby the Red Cross was to furnish cartons to relatives
of men overseas, pack, inspect, wrap and seal them, and turn them over to the Post Office author-
ities to be shipped abroad in time for Christmas. Seymour P. White was appointed Chairman
for the Buffalo Chapter, and his committee consisted of seventy-seven women and thirty-two men
with headquarters in the Post Office Building. Each soldier was allowed only one package. The
main station sent out 7,992 parcels and the branches 2,900, making a total of 9,892, weighing
over twelve tons, from the territory under the jurisdiction of the Buffalo Chapter.
The Surgeon General of the Army, in September, 1918, requested the American Red Cross to
make a nation-wide survey of the nursing resources of the country. Hugo Brown took charge of
this survey for Buffalo. Its purpose was not enrollment for service, but to obtain a definite record
of all nurses, graduate or practical, midwives, etc., who might be available in emergencies.
In the Buffalo Chapter 3,496 questionnaires were sent out. One thousand four hundred and
ninety were returned, sent to the Atlantic Division and accepted as complete. Four hundred
and fifty persons refused to fill out questionnaires, including 296 graduate and 154 practical
nurses. A portion of the expense of this survey was borne by the Tuberculosis Association.
The Buffalo Chapter has conducted three drives for used and surplus clothing for the suffering
civilians of Allied countries in Europe. The first campaign was made in March, 1918, under the
direction of Mrs. James L. Crane and Miss Bessie Vine. Clothing of all kinds, including shoes,
was asked for, to be shipped into occupied Belgium by the Hoover Commission. About 30 tons
were collected. The second drive during the week of September 23-30, 1918, was under the leader-
ship of Mrs. Harry Yates. Buffalo's allotment was 30 tons. This amount was in turn allotted to
the branches and auxiliaries, and so generous was the response that more than 48 tons, or nearly
one hundred thousand pieces, were forwarded to Hoboken. In addition to the clothing, thread,
needles, buttons and tape were sent in large quantities. In these two drives all metal buttons
378
Buffalo's Part in the World War
Nurses of Base Hospital No. 23
Breakfast at the 20th Century Club on return of the nurses from overseas service
Mayor George S. Buck and Mrs. John Miller Horton were the hosts
had to be removed from garments and rubber soles and heels from shoes lest this material fall
into German hands.
The third drive took place the week of March 24-31, 1919, with Mrs. E. L. Thomas as local
Chairman. Headquarters were at 31 Church Street, with thirty-five Faxon Branch Stores as
collection centers. The total shipments were 49,020 lbs. of clothing and 14,800 lbs. of shoes, all
filling three freight cars. A part of the surplus stock of notions was included in the shipment.
With thousands of garments for the city hospitals and the military stations and scores of nurses
and nurses' aids the local Red Cross Chapter stood loyally behind Buffalo during the tense and
trying period of the influenza epidemic. A staff of nurses' aids was organized from the classes in
Home Nursing and were sent to hospitals, houses and health centers. A group of women and
girls who had taken the first aid course were sent out to assist, and laywomen and cooks were
distributed throughout the city to wash dishes and help with general housework in hospitals
and homes. Twenty graduate nurses, who in most instances had retired from active work, were
placed at Forts Niagara and Porter.
The Motor Corps was on duty twenty-four hours a day making ambulance calls for the hospitals
day and night; acting as nurses' aids and distributing publicity material for the Health Depart-
ment. Food for the hospitals and convalescent homes was supplied by the Canteen.
Through the Production Department about 4,000 articles were provided for the military sta-
tions in Buffalo and 5,969 to the city hospitals. This does not include the garments and other
supplies sent to private homes, the surgical dressings or the masks. Five hundred pneumonia
jackets were furnished and more than one hundred thousand masks. These were all supplied
without charge.
In the branches where there were few hospitals the work was of the most personal nature.
More than five hundred persons in the Buffalo Chapter will receive certificates of recognition
for special service rendered during the epidemic.
Buffalo's Part in the World War 379
One of the important functions of the Red Cross is that of supplying to the local military
hospitals and posts comforts of various kinds and such necessities as cannot be easily procured
by the commanding officers through governmental channels.
Eugene Girard and George P. Urban have been Red Cross Field Directors for Buffalo, and
through them the Buffalo Chapter has furnished sweaters, socks, pajamas, tooth paste and
brushes, mufflers, wristlets, helmets, gloves, shirts, abdominal binders, wash cloths, towels, hand-
kerchiefs, combs, razors, shaving brushes and soap, stamps, matches, cigarettes, pipes, tobacco,
arctics, Victrola needles, gauze, absorbent cotton, candy, white sweaters for nurses, stationery,
thimbles and other articles to Fort Porter, Marine Hospital, Motor Convoy, Curtiss Acceptance
Hospital and Chenango Barracks. This represents an expenditure of over twenty thousand
dollars. Christmas, 1918, trees and trimmings were provided and each man stationed in Buffalo
received a gift of candy and "smokes." More than 437 warm bathrobes were given to members
of motor convoys who were often forced to sleep in cold armories while driving trucks to the
coast.
Major Brownrigg, the commanding officer at Fort Porter, wrote to F. S. McGraw, Chairman of
the Buffalo Chapter, as follows:
"Buffalo, December 20, 1918.
"Much appreciation of the many helpers in Buffalo in the care of disabled soldiers from France has been in the
minds of all the officers at this Hospital. At this season and in behalf of these soldier patients, I wish to formally
acknowledge to you and, through you, the individual members of your Chapter, the ever ready help they have been
at all times, rain or shine, night or day, in this great and loyal work.
"Your funds have been spent in providing garments, comfort bags, smokes and toilet articles and the general
mental attitude of every one in your office and of those carrying out your orders has been not only bent on efficiency,
but so cheerfully co-operative and non-critical in mood that their efforts were doubly appreciated.
"We have many times had masses of patients to be moved beyond the abilities of our ambulance service. On these
many occasions your Motor Ambulance Service has practically made all the transfers between the hospitals and
the trains. This has necessitated the Motor Girls being up at night in inclement weather after previous duty on the
day before. Without doubt their cheerful efficiency has aided morale and avoided further sickness from delay in
cold weather. To the Motor Girls under the control of their capable Captain Spaulding, both for this work and for
the many pleasure rides they have given patients through the Summer, we wish to e.xpress our special thanks.
"I know, sir, of no instance since I came to Buffalo last .January, when an opportunity for useful service here by
the Red Cross has been neglected or inefficiently performed: and while I know praise is not their object, this spon-
taneous and hearty acknowledgment of all their services is justly due and appreciatively tendered."
RED CROSS WILL CARRY ON
The work of the Red Cross is not finished. Its resources have been heavily taxed, since the
signing of the Armistice, to carry on relief work that was not seen in all its magnitude when the
War came to an end. The Old World needs the aid that has been made possible by the American
spirit. It must have the sympathy and support of the whole New World until the equilibrium
of things has been re-established. Amei'ican Red Cross missions are located now in every country
where the enemy has brought misery, and the work which they have to perform is looming larger
and larger as the situation is brought under closer survey. The work must continue until the
need no longer exists.
In Buffalo, Home Service, Canteen and Production must continue for a long time to come.
The Motor Corps will be permanent. The preliminaries are now well under way in connection
with the movement to co-ordinate the activities of the Red Cross Societies of the world and extend
their operations so as to afford the maximum of relief to afflicted mankind and reduce the ravages
of disease to the minimum.
In this permanent peace program the Department of Nursing Activities and the Junior Red
Cross will play a prominent part.
380 Buffalo's Part in the World War
CHAPTER XCIX
BOY SCOUTS LEND A HELPING HAND
WHEN war was officially declared against Germany by the United States the largest organ-
ized force in existence at the time in this country was the Boy Scouts of America. The
membership of that organization reached a greater total than the combined numbers of
the regular army and navy. The Scout membership was very close to the half million mark. That
meant almost 500,000 eager, patriotic, energetic and trained boys in whom had been instilled the
theory and practice of service.
The part that the Buffalo Scouts took in the war was no small one. They were immediately
organized upon the declaration of war into "an army behind the lines." Definite plans were
outlined and the Scouts put aside their regular Scout program in the interests of promoting city
war work. A few of the things that Buffalo Scouts accomplished can be told, but the great, com-
plete story of their service will never be known. For all through the long, weary months while
America was prosecuting her remonstrance against Hunism, more than 3,000 Buffalo boys, wear-
ing the uniform of Boy Scouts, were ever and always on the alert for every possible kind of ser-
vice they could render. Much of this was individual work, volunteer service on the part of lone
Scouts who never lost an opportunity to take a hand where and when service was needed.
Doubtless no greater work was done by the Scouts as a unit than in the various Liberty Loans.
In each of the loan drives Buffalo Scouts had a very definite and distinct place. The manner in
which they carried on their work and the results obtained attested probably more than any
other one thing the value of the organization to the community and the country. In the first
four Loans the Scouts of Buffalo sold bonds to a total of $2,012,600. The Scouts worked in the
Victory Loan also, but the amount sold had not been compiled up to the time of going to press.
It was estimated at more than $500,000.
In every drive but the fourth the Scouts acted as "gleaners after the reapers." They sold
bonds only the last week of the drive, endeavoring to scout out the persons who had been over-
looked in the big drive, thus selling thousands of bonds that would not otherwise have been
sold. In the third loan campaign one Scout hired a boat, rowed out in the harbor and sold 15
bonds to men who were working on the dredges. In the fourth drive the Scouts worked all through
the period.
The Scouts did a signal piece of work in the Fourth Loan drive. They delivered loan literature
at every home in the city from 5 to 7 o'clock the morning of the opening of the drive. During
the last three days of this drive the Scouts also delivered 10,000 letters to a select list of men
and women in the city. These letters were from loan workers and requested those addressed to
"buy one more bond." The result of this letter campaign was very gratifying.
G. Barrett Rich, Jr., was Chairman of the Scout committee of the various loans. He was city
Scout Commissioner. William H. Walker, Jr., President of the Buffalo Scout Council, was Vice
Chairman. The committee follows: D. F. Aitkin, R. T. Baldwin, Marcus Barmon, C. S. Bradley,
Walter L. Brown, W. W. Brundage, Scout executive; Henry Adsit Bull, A. E. Clark, George C.
Diehl, George E. Dorland, Frank W. Fiske, Jr., W. B. King, A. D. McKee, R. Montgomery
and Sherwood C. Moss. Harry Shoemaker was active director for the Scouts of the first three
loans and Ray Baldwin had charge of the work of the Scouts the last two drives.
On January 25th, Mr. Rich offered to the War Savings Stamps committee the services of the
Scouting organization. The Scouts then took up actively the sale of War "Savies." In a little
less than one year the Scouts sold a total of $256,679 in War Savings Stamps. They conducted
various special drives during the year and altogether did a splendid piece of work for the Govern-
ment. Again in this work the Treasury Department recognized the value of the Scout service and
another medal was struck off, known as the Ace medal. This medal was awarded to Scouts
Buffalo's Part in the World War
381
selling $250 worth of stamps, sales being made to at least twenty -five different persons.
Scouts who won these medals follow:
Buffalo
Jack Abel
Erwin Adams
Isaac Arnold
Merle Austin
Arthur Baird
Millard Banks
Richard Barmon
Clyde J. Bauer
Elbert Bennett
Russell Bennett
Charles W. Blackmore
Fritz Berkhoudt
Leonard Block
Robert Bollman
Willis Bollman
Clinton Bradley
Sheldon Bristow
Fred Bremer
Henry Brock
Harris T. Brown
O. H. Bulgreen
Frederick Charlton
Palmer Clarkson
Tremaine Conkling
Robert Dawe
Dwight Dexter
Conrad Diehl
Ashley Dobbins
Albert W. Dold
Edward Dold
Fred Dorris
J. B. Drake
Frank Dudley
Edwin Elwell, Jr.
Frederick Field
Max Field
Lloyd Fink
Lawrence Forman
Norton Forgie
Fred Fornes
Paul Foss
Joseph Freeman
Henry George
Wilbur Graf
Edward Guthrie
ACE MEDAL WINNERS
Warren Godfrey
M. R. Gutman
Alan Hays
George Held
George Hodge
Edward Howard
Walter Huthman
Franklin Huber
Edgar Hummel
Lewis Jenkins
Alton Jacobs
Gerald Jacobs
Alfred Jones
William Jones
Emil Keller
Paul King
Ralph King
George Kirby
George Knight
Peter Kohl
Fred Kratz
J. B. Krzyzykowski
Philip Kuhn
Ray Kurtz
A. Lambke
John Larisch
Sidney Little
S. Warren Maxson
John Martin
Irving McElvein
A. Messersmith
Henry Meyers
W. L. Morey
John Moreland
Charles Mullett
Louis Murstein
Floyd Nessler
Harwood S. Nichols Jr.
Winston Parker
Arthur Pautler
Edwin Phillips
Samuel Phillips
Walter Pomeroy
Russell Porter
Robert Reed
Albert Reinhardt
Fred Rice
Norman Richardson
George Richter
Albert Roberts
R. H. Rosche
Harold Ruslander
Richard Ruslander
Norman Sanders
John Satterfield
Karl Sauerwein
David Schlossman
Lester Schulman
Dr. Edward Schwartz
Edward Schwartz
Arthur Schweikhart
James Seatter
Randolph Seidenberg
John Shields
George Shorts
John Slack
Charles Smith
Harold Stahl
Raymond Stark
Winfred Steen
Nelson Stevenson
Stanley Tiffany
Fred Tonnes
William Troup
Roswell Turk
Henry Twardzik
Burwell Tyler
J. G. Ullman Jr.
Elliott Vetter
Almon Volk
George Wagner
Charles White
Richard Wile
Hoyt Williams
J. Ralph Williams
E. E. Wischman
Raymond Wright
G. H. Yeates
In addition to the Government awards a local award was made by Mrs. John M. Satterfield. This
was known as the Satterfield trophy and went each month during the year of the drive to the troop
standing highest the preceding month in stamp sales. At the end of the year the trophy went to the
troop winning it the greatest number of times during theyear. Troop No. 59 won this trophy with total
sales of $68,144.25. Of this amount$ll,883 wasprocuredby Paul King, who was mentioned in a Wash-
ington dispatch as being third highest in the United States in individual sale of bondsby Boy Scouts.
The U. S. Food Commission issued special gardening medals to the Scouts who did particularly
fine work in connection with the cultivation of vacant lot plots; Lear J. Button, George William-
son, Ralph Robinson, Albert W. Dold, Wilbur E. Hoag, Paul B. King, G. H. Yeates, Scoutmaster;
C. R. Blackmore received medals.
382
Buffalo's Part in the World War
Wreckage of Plane in Which Buffalo Boy Was Seriously Hurt
On the tenth of October, 1918, the plane left Thiaucourt field to observe for American infantry, when motor stalled and threw plane into
tail-spin {just after leaving the field). Plane fell between five hundred and seven hundred feet, hitting the ground nose down instantly killing
the pilot, Lieutenant Leonard, (a New England lad), and seriously injuring the observer. Lieutenant Harold Honhart of Buffalo, formerly an
officer of the lOfith F. A., N. G.
In their war work the Scouts adopted the slogan "every Scout to feed a soldier."
When the Government found that peach pits, shells of nuts and like materials could be used
in the manufacture of gas masks for American soldiers in the trench warfare the Scouts were
again turned to as being the best equipped organization to help in procuring these things. Buffalo
Scouts entered heartily into this work and collected a great many tons of material which was
shipped to government manufacturing centers. The Scouts were also called upon by the Pres-
ident to canvass the United States in search for black walnut trees. The lumber of these trees
was needed for aeroplane propellers and gun stocks. Again the Buffalo Scouts did their part.
They located thousands of feet of black walnut in outlying districts and sent in their report on
the trees to the United States department of forestry.
In the United War Work campaign which was conducted to raise money for the seven welfare
organizations working in the camps over here and with the troops overseas, the Scouts took a
very active part.
Another work done by Buffalo Scouts that was greatly appreciated was that rendered in con-
nection with the American Library Association's campaign for books for the soldiers. The Scouts
canvassed the city and brought in thousands of fine books which were forwarded to the men in
the camps to while away their rest hours.
Buffalo's Part in the \^'ORLD War
383
CHAPTER C
Y. M. C. A. AND KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS CANTEENS-
TRAINING CAMP ASSOCIATION
EARLY in 1918 when the need for a Men's Club for returning service men began to manifest
itself, the Knights of Columbus established a service club at the corner of Main and Tupper
Streets. The old Lang Homestead at that point, one time numbered among the man-
sions of Buffalo, through the kindness of Jacob Gerhard Lang was turned over to the Knights of
Columbus for that patriotic purpose. Charles Thomas was put in charge of the work by the
National Council Knights of Columbus and, with the assistance of John F. Cochrane and other
local knights, soon put the building and its surroundings on a very attractive plane. During the
remaining period of the war, throughout the season of home-comings and celebration, and then for
months afterwards the service club proved to be a mighty interesting place. Thousands of men
were served with meals and various supplies without charge. They were furnished also with a
great deal of entertainment and proper instruction. All in all, the old Lang Homestead served a
very useful purpose through the generosity of the owner and the courtesy of the Knights of
Columbus, and will be remembered by the soldier boys in years to come.
The Military Training Camps Association started its work in Buffalo the early part of August,
1918, the Committee being: William A. Douglas, C. A. Chairman; Charles M. Ransom, Secre-
tary; Seymour P. White, Warren W. Smith, Major J. B. Fowler, Howard Laverack, James W.
Persons, John F. Cochrane, Edwin L. Dolson, Carlton M. Smith, E. D. McCarthy, Jesse C.
Dann, John W. Cowper, George H. Chisholm.
Officers of the Polish Legion
Group on City Hall steps reviewing Polish volunteers
384 Buffalo's Part in the World War
The work was at first carried on in Mr. Douglas' office in the Ellicott Square building. A call
came for more men to enter the Officers' Training Schools, and on September 30th an oflSce was
opened at 213 Ellicott Square and as much publicity given as was possible at this time.
Mr. Douglas received his appointment as Civilian Aide to the Adjutant General, and he with
Mr. Ransom gave their services, being in the office from half after nine until five daily, receiv-
ing men who were anxious to become applicants to the various Central Officers' Training Schools.
In this work they were assisted by Mrs. Albert E. Clark. Very frequently they would inter-
view from two to three hundred men in a day. The Committee also bore the entire expenses
connected with this work, and gave their own time without compensation.
Applicants were received for the Central Officers' Training Schools at Camp Zachary Taylor,
Kentucky, Field Artillery, and for the Central Officers' Training School at Fort Monroe, Va.,
Coast Artillery. When the applicant filed his application questionnaires were sent out for refer-
ence. When all papers were complete the applicant was notified to appear before the Committee
for examination. The members of the Committee were all faithful workers and examinations
were often held three times a week, eight or nine applicants being called for examination on a
given day and each man examined privately.
The first of November Captain Burrows Matthews was sent to Buffalo from Camp Upton to
receive applicants for the new Infantry Officers' Training School to be opened at Camp Fremont,
California. Mr. Douglas and Mr. Ransom invited Captain Matthews to share the office at 213
Ellicott Square, where he received several hundred men who desired to make application for this
new Camp. The work at the office increased and volunteer workers gave their services. Mrs.
Burrows Matthews assisted every day during this drive and Miss Esther Brennisen the first few
days. About this time word was received that applications were to be taken for the Staff Corps.
Publicity was given this announcement and the office was deluged with applicants.
The following men were successful applicants for the Central Officers' Training School at Camp
Zachary Taylor, Kentucky:
Nathan Everett Aldrich, Fredonia; Howard A. Baltzer, Hamburg, N. Y.; James L. Blackmer, Penhurst Park;
William Julius Cusack, 363 Lafayette Avenue; Henry H. Caldwell, 483 Crescent Avenue; Lyman M. Bass, Buffalo,
N. Y.; Frank T. Barry. Smethport; William M. Crandall, 24 Mentz Apartments, Niagara Falls; Charles M. Carson,
45 W. Mohawk Street; Edwin Wells Conklin, 28 Tillinghast Place; James R. Code, Buffalo, N. Y.; Brayton West-
cott Castle, 148 University Avenue; David C. Foss, 98 Briggs Avenue; Nathaniel R. Hall, 106 Soldiers Place;
Kevin Killeen, 334 W. Delavan Avenue; Martin Kuhne, 263 Highland Avenue; Francis E. Leeds, 60 Anderson
Place; Leslie P. McDougal, 845 Potomac Avenue; Richard Leach Mann, 37 Allen Street; Robert Dempster Mason,
85 Vernon Place; George W. Naehtrieb, 2050 N. Elmwood Avenue; William G. Pennypacker, 188 Bidwell Park-
way; John Joseph Quigley, 199 Anderson Place; F. W. Silverthorne, 321 Woodbridge Avenue; Richard P. Sears,
144 Clermont Avenue; Nelson S. Taylor, 1119 Delaware Avenue; Fred William Thomas, 72 Henrietta Avenue;
Louis Rice Witt, 805 16th Street, Niagara Falls; Peter W. Cuviello, Buffalo, N. Y.; Roland Forsyth, 225 Summer
Street; Lawrence Wakeman Griswold, Batavia; Cleveland E. Jauch, 677 W. Ferry Street; Kingsley Kunhardt,
23 North Street; Karl Kipp, Grove Street, East Aurora; Arthur Ernest Lumsden, 317 Jersey Street; Howard Wil-
liam Morey, 109 Ashland Avenue; Charles E. Morrison, Pittsburgh; Arthur L. Maxon, 1202 West Avenue; Harry
Paige Pierce, 269 Summer Street; W. C. Paull, 7 Otis Place; W. W. Roach, 430 Delaware Avenue; Harmon Joseph
Smith, 200 Porter Avenue; Ansley W. Sawyer, Buffalo; Jack Tuckler, Canaseraga, N. Y.; Robert J. Wilson, 162
Vermont Street.
The following men were successful applicants for the Coast Artillery Central Officers' Training
School at Fort Monroe, Va. :
Robert J. Breslin, 343 Pennsylvania Street, Buffalo, N. Y.; Burt C. Hayes, 162 Knowlton Avenue, Kenmore,
N. Y.; Wm. John Dugan, Pierce Avenue, Hamburg, N. Y.
About two hundred applications for the Staff Corps were filed but were not completed when
the Armistice was signed.
On .June 20th Mrs. Louise Slade of New York, Chairman National War Work Council,
Women's Overseas Section, Y. M. C. A., came to Buffalo to establish a headquarters for West-
em New York to obtain recruits for overseas canteen work. A meeting was held at the home
of Mrs. A. E. Hedstrom and the following committee appointed:
Buffalo's Part in the World War 385
Mrs. Arthur E. Hedstrom Chairman; Mrs. Walter P. Cooke, Chairman Interviewing Committee; Mrs. John W.
Cowper, Mrs. S. M. Clement, Mrs. William H. Crosby, Mrs. Cameron J. Davis, Mrs. J. C. Dold, Mrs. Clifford
Hubbell, Mrs. George B. Montgomery, Mrs. H. E. Montgomery, Mrs. Lewis A. Rogers, Mrs. William W. Smith,
Mrs. John M. Satterfield, Dr. Carro Croff, Mrs. C. C. Ogden, Mrs. Sterling Deans, Miss May Siekmon, Mrs. Shep-
ard Kimberly, Mrs. Seth Spencer, Mrs. E. H. Butler, Mrs. James Putnam.
Headquarters was established in the Y. M. C. A. with Mrs. Andrew Murdison, Recruiting
Secretary and Mrs. E. F. Howell, Executive Secretary. Headquarters was opened in June, 1918,
and closed December 30th, 1918.
Sub-committees were appointed in various cities in the western end of the State and these
sub-committees reported to the Buffalo Committee. An interviewing committee met twice a
week to pass upon candidates secured by the Recruiting Committee. The decision of this com-
mittee was final. One hundred and forty-one candidates were accepted, among them the follow-
ing Buffalo and Erie County girls:
Miss Anna L. Cowan, Miss Helen P. Estee, Miss Elsie R. Gazlay, Miss Henrietta W. Penney, Mrs. Josephine M.
Woodford, Miss Florence W. Roginson, Miss Lydia Board, Miss Mabel C. Baker, Miss Edith W. Bicker, Miss
Charlotte L. Kreinheder, Miss Henrietta C. Hegel, Miss Irene J. Graham, Miss Florence Oberist, Miss Olive Williams,
Miss Harriet A. Beach, Miss Grace E. Bird, Miss M. Clarine Bonnar, Miss Gertrude E. Selkirk, Miss Camilla Van
Duzen, Miss Viola Burt, Miss Frances C. Blackney, Miss Blanche S. Kilgove, Miss Esther G. Shuttleworth, Miss
Mildred Severance, Miss Marion Chase, Miss Kittle Kunz.
386 Buffalo's Part in the World War
DAYLIGHT SAVING PROCLAMATION
March 29, 1918
NE oj the vieasures which will help ivin the war
is the Daylight Saving Law, which will go into
operation on the morning of Sunday, the 31st of
March. It has usually been called the "Daylight Saving
Bill." It will help to win the war, because it will save
electric power and oil and fuel, all of which are very pre-
cious commodities at this time. It is expected that this
saving throughout the United States, measured in money,
will be not less than $^0, 000, 000. 00.
This new law is also a liumame measure, because it will
improve the public health. It is now light until about seven
o'clock. When this law goes into effect and the clocks are
set forward it will be light until eight o'clock. This means
that our people will live more out of doors in the evenings.
There will be more baseball, more cultivation of gardens,
more life in the open in many ways. The effect of length-
ening our daylight must be an aid to the health, erijoy-
ment and prosperity of our people.
It has been brought to my notice that some employers
are considering lengthening the working day, because there
u'ill be another hour of daylight. If that is done generally
the purpose of the law will be defeated. Let me, therefore,
appeal to the public to give the Daylight Saving Law a
fair trial by observing both its letter and its spirit. From
experience in other countries there is no doubt but that if
we do this the change in time will prove a very popular
measure.
George S. Buck
Mayor
Buffalo's Part in the World War 387
CHAPTER CI
THE UNITED STATES GRAIN CORPORATION
ONE war activity in Buffalo with which the general public did not become familiar was
an activity the existence of which might have remained behind the curtain for all time
save for the necessity which compelled the purchase of flour substitutes. These occasioned
more profanity during the period of the war than did any other commodity. But the general
public knew not whence they came and accordingly did not blame them on the Food Adminis-
tration Grain Corporation. Fifteen men, scattered throughout the United States, handled the
entire grain problem for this country, and they did it wisely and gratuitously. It was difficult
for people other than those raising grain, or grain brokers, millers, maltsters or those engaged
in the manufacture of cereals to grasp either the importance or the magnitude of the task which
fell to the grain administrators of the Government.
Under an Act of Congress approved August 10, 1917, entitled "An Act to Provide for the
National Security and Defense by Encouraging the Production, Conserving the Supply and
ControlHng the Distribution of Food Products and Fuel," the Grain Corporation came into
being. The Act authorized President Wilson to create and use any agency necessary to carry
out its provision, and the President directed the organization of a corporation to be known as
the Food Administration Grain Corporation with a capital stock of 500,000 shares at the par
value of $100 each, all of the stock to be purchased and owned by the United States of America.
Like our warships, it carried at its masthead the Stars and Stripes.
This new and unusual organization was incorporated under the laws of the State of Delaware,
and its principal office was located in the City of New York. Food Administrator Hoover as
general head of all war food agencies was authorized to establish branch offices throughout the
country to facilitate the administration of the law. And for convenience, not only in administra-
tion, but in maintaining the Government price of wheat guaranteed to the farmer, the United
States was divided into fourteen districts or zones, each zone in charge of a vice-president selected
for his knowledge of the grain business. The zone managers volunteered their services and gave
their entire time and attention to the work during the period of the war. It was a vast under-
taking, requiring thoroughly reliable and skilled men in grain production and distribution, and
in order that injustices, discriminations might not follow, the administrators, in addition to know-
ing their business, had to have the courage to discharge their duties fearlessly. An arduous duty
as well as a distinction came to the men selected for the task.
Buffalo became the headquarters of Zone No. 13. That Zone included all of the State of New
York outside of the City of Greater New York. At the earnest solicition of Mr. Hoover and of
.Julius H. Barnes, first Vice-President, Charles Kennedy of Charles Kennedy & Company, Cham-
ber of Commerce, became a Vice-President and Manager of the Zone having its headquarters in
Buffalo.
The wheat crop of 1917 was a short crop. Toward the end of the year many of the large flour
mills in Buffalo were compelled to shut down for lack of a wheat supply. By reason of the short
crop and to conserve the supply it became necessary for the Grain Corporation to limit all flour
millers to 90 per cent of the average quantity of wheat used by them, based on their consump-
tion for the years of 1914, 1915 and 1916. All mills in the zone were required to requisition their
supplies through the Buffalo office, both for hard or spring wheat and for soft or winter wheat.
To handle the vast business which passed through the Buffalo office necessitated the organiza-
tion of a staff of efficient men and women working under the direction of the Zone Manager.
Mr. Kennedy selected Edgar S. Black as his chief assistant; James A. Stevenson was named
Manager of the storage and elevator department; Daniel L. Sprissler, Manager transportation
department, while George H. Fullerton was appointed office Manager. An office staff of 25
388
Buffalo's Part in the World War
General Hoop ol Russian Commission, Guest of Mayor Fuhrmann on Trip Around City.
accountants, clerks and stenographers were chosen from among the best m the city, and an or-
ganization was perfected which, in the final analysis, achieved a most creditable record, and
brought enviable distinction to Buffalo.
In order to distribute the 1917 crop equitably, the Buffalo office purchased outright and resold
to July 1, 1918, the end of the crop year, 24,191,197 bushels of grain with a value of $54,339,666.74.
In order that the coming year might not find a repetition of the 1917 shortage, and to conserve
productive land, the Buffalo office inaugurated a campaign through New York State to induce
farmers to sow spring wheat. The office secured and distributed spring wheat to the amount of
155,363 bushels. It was creditably reported that 500,000 acres more than in 1917 were under
cultivation in 1918. The number of mills and elevators in the zone having its headquarters in
Buffalo was 611, and each of these was obliged to make a weekly report of its operations at the
Buffalo office.
Under governmental orders the lake grain carriers were mobilized and placed under the super-
vision of the Grain Administration, with authority to direct loading, unloading, elevation at
Buffalo or other ports, and forwarding to the seaboard. The Buffalo office appointed Charles H.
Williamson as its port representative, and under his supervision the perennial congestion of the
Buffalo harbor at the close of navigation was entirely avoided.
The year of 1918 brought a very substantial increase in the grain supply. Due to the size of
the crop all restrictions as to the amount to be purchased, sold, or ground were removed from
mills and elevators and the Grain Corporation was empowered to purchase and store grain to
provide against a possible shortage in the 1919 crop, and also to purchase and ship grain for
export to our allies in the war, to neutral nations and for relief work. Up to January 1, 1919,
those transactions totaled 57,812,189 bushels of grain divided as follows: Wheat 47,236,402
bushels; Rye, 7,926,122 bushels; Barley 2,649,635 bushels.
At that time there had been shipped for export 26.332,668 bushels of wheat, 4,186,498 bushels
Buffalo's Part in the World War 389
of rye; 2,649,635 bushels of barley, leaving on hand 20,903,764 bushels of wheat and 3,739,624
bushels of rye, all of which was shipped to seaboard for export by April 1st.
To handle that amount of grain, it was necessary to add to the storage space in Buffalo, and
the Grain Corporation arranged for winter storage in vessels. In all 117 boats, the largest fleet in
the history of the city, were lying behind the breakwater loaded with grain through the winter
of 1918-1919.
In addition to the above activities, the Buffalo office was responsible for the administration
of the rules covering the guaranteed price of wheat, permissible profits of mills, elevators and
dealers in grain, flour and grain products, and in controlling and directing all rail shipments of
food commodities moving through Buffalo.
390 Buffalo's Part in the World War
CHAPTER CII
WHAT WE PAID FOR HEAT, FOOD, AND CLOTHING
WITH the advent of the food and fuel administrators came conservation, but came, also,
the pinch of deprivation. Prices began to mount higher and higher; not because of the
conservation orders, but in step with them. We learned that America had other mouths
to feed and other bodies to clothe. And the amount of production had been curtailed. Sugar
was going to the soldiers. Flour was headed in the same direction. Manufacturers were engaged
in war production enterprises and the supply of clothing grew scant. Wool disappeared from the
clothing shops, and the garments of 1917 and 1918 and of 1919, as well, were of light, shabby
matei-ial — nothing strong about them save the price.
Every Buffalo home began to feel, in some measure, the price of the war at home. As yet
they had not realized fully the price the boys overseas were going to pay. Departments of the
city government encountered curtailed supplies. Construction woi'k was stopped. City bonds,
by Government request, were out of the market; municipalities were not to raise money save
through their ordinary sources of taxation. As the situation grew more pressing, city officials
found it necessary to move for relief. For example, early in January, 1918, Councilman John
F. Malone offered the following resolution in the Council :
Whereas, It appears from the public press and other authentic sources, that Federal Fuel Administrator Garfield
has issued orders diverting from Buffalo to New England more than 80 per cent of the city's bituminous coal supply,
the effect of which will be to shut down the City Water Works, suspend operations of the munition plants in Buffalo,
close the Buffalo General Electric Company's Steam Plant on the River road, leaving the hospitals and many of the
schools without coal, plunging the city into extreme danger from fire, and causing untold suffering among the people
of the city.
Resolved, That the Council of the City of Buffalo hereby protest against such order of the Federal Fuel Adminis-
trator, and urges that such order be immediately rescinded, and
Be it further resolved that the City Clerk be and is hereby directed to notify the Federal Fuel Administrator at
once by wire and by letter of the adoption of the resolution.
A few days later Health Commissioner Fronczak, afterwards Major Fronczak, U. S. A., sent
a communication to the Council which is impressive evidence of the effect of the sugar short-
age:
January 8, 1918.
The following is forwarded for transmission to the Council for approval of my action.
War conditions during the past few months determined, among other food shortage, that of sugar — a commodity
essential for the needs of the body and cogently so in the case of infants and children.
Early in the shortage, through the Department's activities, it was learned that among the poorer class, there were
many families with infants and children who could not obtain this essential, and it was apparent that if some relief
was not afforded that hundreds of children would lose weight, become cases of malnutrition with its attending evils
and have increased liability to intercurrent disease.
In view of the facts, and to relieve the situation and anticipated consequences, the Department after considerable
difficulty, finally succeeded in purchasing a supply of 2,600 pounds through the public spirited attitude of the whole-
sale grocery firm of Granger & Company.
In addition to the above, the Department was called on by several hospitals to obtain a supply of sugar for their
immediate need, which was done without any cost to the city.
F. E. Fronczak,
Health Commissioner.
Similar communications relative to general city supplies were forwarded to the Council
from various sources. The conditions were met as they arose, and wherever relief could
be afforded it was granted. Commissioner Arthur W. Kreinheder of the Department of
Public Works, on whose shoulders rested the responsibility of keeping fuel on hand to
operate the Water Works, naturally found himself confronted with the most difficult
Buffalo's Part in the World War
391
task.* Chief McConnell needed additional men to man the Fire Department apparatus. But
of what account were the apparatus or the men without a water supply system? Other depart-
ments might have pressing problems, but the Kreinheder job was a critical one. Like all other
war problems, however, it was mastered, and the community came through the struggle with-
out unnecessary deprivation or any great amount of suffering.
Interesting comparisons were made of the cost of supplies in the year immediately preceding
the war and prices in the year of 1918 when the war had reached its height. The prices here set
forth are conservative. In some localities goods sold higher than in others. A fair average is this.
The price of meats as customers picked up their packages over the butcher shop counter were :
Article Quantity 1914 191G 1918
Sirloin Steak per pound 17 26 40
Round Steak per pound 15 24 39
Rib Roast (bone in) per pound 13 18 31
Chuck Roast (.bone in) per pound 11 15 27
Pork Chops (loin) per pound 22 27 46
Bacon (sliced) per pound 21 23 48
Ham (smoked, sliced) per pound 25 32 47
Leg of Mutton (yearling) per pound 14 16 28
Lard per pound 14 18 35
Butter (creamery print) per pound 32 42 75
The cost of groceries to the housewife before the war and during the war was as follows:
Article Quantity 1914 1918
Flour 1-8 barrel $1.10 $1.58
Navy Beans per pound .07 .13
Sugar per pound .053^ 10 J^
Coffee per pound .22 .35
Tea per pound .35 .60
Butter per pound .37 .66
Eggs per dozen .40 .70
COMPARISON OF RETAIL PRICES 1914 AND 1918
Women's Wearing Apparel
Article 1914 1918 Article 1914
Wool Suits $25.00 $35.00 Kid and Calf Shoes $2.50
Wool Coats 19.75 35,00 Kid and Calf Shoes 3.00
1918
$6.00
6.50
*0n April 11, 1917, Commissioner Kreinheder sent a communication to tile Council stating that he was unable to get satisfactory bids for coal
for the Pumping Stations. At that time there were but two bidders, the Valley Camp Coal Company of Cleveland, Ohio, at $4.72 per net ton,
and the Frick Coal & Coke Company of Buffalo at $5.88 per net ton. The low bid of $4.72 was $2. .50 above the bid of the company for coal sup-
plies from May 1, 1916 to May 1, 1917, and the Commissioner stated that the increase, even in view of the abnormal conditions then confronting
the country, seemed unwarranted. He estimated the consumption of coal at these Stations between 60,000 and 70,000 tons, and the increase in
price over the price for the year before meant an increase in the coal bill for the year 1917-1918 of approximately $160,000, if the low bid were
accepted. He, therefore, recommended that the bids be rejected and the Department be given authority to purchase coal in the open market
during the months of May, June and July, or until market conditions warranted re-advertising for the year's supply. He also recommended tliat
he be authorized to temporarily employ whatever assistance might be necessary to purchase the coal. Authority was promptly granted him by
the Council, and he went ahead and sent a man down to the coal mines and bought coal and had it shipped to Buffalo and delivered at the Pump-
ing Stations at lower prices than were obtained in advertising for bids.
Up to July 7, 1917. the Department purchased 12,665 tons of coal at an average cost of $4.38foper ton, which included all expenses of what-
ever nature. This made a saving to the City of July 7th of 38 1>, cents per ton, or a total of $4,280.77.
A further contract was made for 14.000 tons of coal at the mines at a price of $.3.10 per ton plus $1.25 freight rate, which made an additional
saving of $5,180.00, making a total saving of $9,460.77.
Conditions in the coal business were then still unsettled, and the Commissioner did not deem it a suitable time to advertise for coal and obligate
the City for any extended period. He again recommended that he be granted authority to purchase coal in the open market, and this recom-
mendation was adopted.
On December 5, 1917, the Commissioner sent another communication to the Council in which he stated that from May 1, 1917, to December
1, 1917, there was supplied to the Pumping Stations 36,579 tons of coal at an average price, including expense of purchasing and arranging ship-
ment, of $4.49 per ton, the lowest bid for a year's supply on May 1, 1917, being $4.72 per ton, A saving was made of 23 cents per ton on this
tonnage amounting to $8,413.17.
The Beech Flats Coal Company of Wheeling, West Virginia, furnished 21,193 tons of this coal, and the Commissioner had a man at the mines
virtually all the time to see that the coal was gotten out and shipped to Buffalo as promptly as possible. There were many times when vexa-
tious delays occurred in shipments, and had it not been for the foresight of the Commissioner in having a man at the mines the City would have
had to close down one of the Pumping Stations on a number of days when the coal supply was very short.
The situation became so critical during the severe weather of the winter 1917-1918 that it became necessary to go out and confiscate coal from
the railroads and borrow it from some manufacturers in order to supply the Stations while shipments were on the road. The Commissioner took
up the matter with the United States Fuel Administrator at Washington, and after persistent and aggressive action, finally succeeded in getting relief.
At a conference of the Industrial Committee of the Chamber of Commerce, James R. Barnett, Vice-President of the Pittsburgh and Shawmut
Coal Company offered to furnish coal to the Pumping Stations provided the City would get the cars. Commissioner Kreinheder immediately ap-
pealed to Mr. F. D. Underwood, President of the Erie Railroad for cars, and Mr. Underwood at once placed instructions with his officials that
cars be supplied not only for the needs at that time, but also for future requirements. While delays ensued even after this, and the Commissioner
was compelled to write several letters of protest, the coal finally came through, and the people of Buffalo were saved from a water famine during
the ver.v severe weather of January, February and March, 1918.
The Pittsburgh & Shawmut Coal Company furnished the Department with coal at the Government prices. Slack, $2.35 per ton. Run of
mine, $2.60 per ton. Screened nut and H lump, $2.85 per ton, f. o. b. mines plus the freight rate of $1.25 per ton, and freight rate war tax of
three per cent. This resulted in a saving of 72 cents per ton on an estimated consumption of 30,000 tons, amounting to $21,600 up to May 1, 1918.
Buffalo's Part in the World War
393
Women's Wearing Apparel— Con.
Article
1914
Wool Dress 25
Wool Skirts 12
Cotton Waist . . ,
Silk Waist ....
Cotton Petticoat
Silk Petticoat . .
Cotton House Dress
Velvet Hats . . .
Straw Hats . . .
Silk Hose
Cotton Hose . . .
Cotton Gloves . .
Boys' Suits $15
Men's Suits 25
Men's Shoes
Men's Hats .
Suspenders .
Night Shirts
00
50
00
98
50
98
50
50
00
00
.25
.25
00
00
00
00
50
00
1918
.35 00
17.95
1.98
5.98
00
75
3 00
10.00
8.35
1.75
.50
.50
Article 1914
Corsets 1.00
Corsets 3.50
Muslin Underwear
Chemise 98
Chemise 1 . 50
Skirts 98
Skirts 3.00
Knit Underwear
Cotton Vests and Pants, each . . .50
Wool Vests and Pants, each .... 1 . 00
Kid Gloves 1.00
Men's Wearing Apparel
$25 00
42.00-45.00
10.00
7.00
.65
1.50
Collars
Underwear
Shirts . .
Hose . .
Gloves . .
1
1
1
Pajamas 2
Children's Wearing Apparel
Girl's Suits $15.95
Girl's Coats 7.95
Girl's Wash Dresses 1 . 00
Girl's Serge Dresses 5 00
Children's Cotton Vests and Pants.ea. ,25
Plain and Fancy Silk
Percale, 1 yd. wide
4/4 Fruit of the Loom . . . .
4/4 Brown Sheeting
9/4 Utica Bleached Sheeting .
81 X 90 Mohawk Sheets . . .
All Linen Hemstitched Towels
$0
,00
.15
.10
.10
.34
.85
.25
$22 , 50 Children's Shoes 1 ,
15.95 Children's Shoes 2
2,45 Children's Cotton Hose
12 00 Children's Wool Hose
. 50 Wool Vests and Pants, each . . .
Piece Goods
$1,75 Serge and Poplin Dress Goods
Wash Goods
$0,29 Gingham, 27 in. wide ....
Domestics
25
00
00
50
00
00
,50
.00
.15
.25
.50
$0,59
.15
$0,121
$0,22
.90
5.00
1.25
Stoves $49,50
Washing Machine 15 00
9-piece Diningroom suite .... 95 , 00
Kitchen Chair 75
Linoleum Sq. Yd., Inlaid, Grade A $1.75
Printed 65
Tea Kettle 55
Tea Kettle 42
$0 35 4/4 Lonsdale Cambric . .
$0 , 35 45-inch Pillowcase Tubing
, 90 81 .X 90 Utica Sheets . , .
2.10 Wool Plaid Blankets . .
, 75 White Crochet Bed Spreads
Home Furnishings
$95.00 Refrigerator 13 50
22.50 3-Piece Bedroom suite 75.00
135.00 Kitchen Table 1.25
1.50
$2.85 Rugs, Wilton. 9 X 12 $40.00
1.25 Brussel, 9x12 22.50
1.39 Coffee Pot 25
1,00 Set of Dishes 12.00
Comparative Prices on Tools, Builders' Hardware, Household Goods, Etc.
1918
2.00
5 00
1.69
2.50
1.69
5,00
1,00
2,00
2,00
$0 , 35
1,50
1.50
.75
1.65
2.65
3.50
4.00
.29
.50
1.00
$1.25
$0.35
$0,38
$0,55
2,30
12.75
3.50
$19.00
115.00
3.00
$75.00
39.50
.65
17.75
Article January, 1914
Wire Nails $2.10 base
Flat Head Bright Screws Less 87,1 o-l 0-10%
Iron Sash Weights ' 1 . 75 cwt.
No. 1 J 2 Sand Paper 18 gr.
28 ga. 30 X 96 Galvanized Iron Sheets $3.75 cwt.
Jam School House Coat and Hat Hooks .25 doz.
Bison Building Paper 30 roll
Tarred Felt 1 . 90 cwt.
Tar Coating 20 gal.
Superior Deaning Felt 3 25 cwt.
Black Wire Cloth 1 50 100 sq. ft.
January, 1919
$ 4.75 base
62 1 2%
3 . 60 cwt.
40 gr.
$7 . 62 cwt.
. 40 doz.
. 60 roll
4 . 00 cwt.
.70 gal.
6.25 cwt.
2.50 100 sq. ft.
394 Buffalo's Part in the World War
Comparative Prices on Tools, Builders' Hardware, Household Goods Etc.— Con.
January, 1914 January 1919
Silver Lake Sash Cord 40 1b. .95 1b.
No. 731-3i2x3ii>L. P. Butts l.OOdoz. pr. 2.35 doz. pr.
No. R 133-044 Inside Door Lock Sets 3.75 doz. 12.75 doz.
No. F 241-332x31 2 Butts 12 pr. .35 pr.
7 ft. Cellar Stanchions 1 00 each 2.25
3-inch Galvanized Conductor Pipe 0312ft. .08,12 ft-
Electric Door Bells 30 each . 65 each
Wire for Electric Door Bells 25 pkg. .50 pkg.
Columbia Dry Batteries 20 each 40 each
1 2-inch Plain Water Faucets .53 each 1 00 each
Lane's Parlor Door Hangers 1.75 set 3 . 00 set
No. 2 Corbin Door Checks 3.85 each 6.32 each
White Shellac 1 50 gal. 3.95 gal.
Boiled Oil • . . . .63 gal. 1 . 84 gal.
Turpentine 60 gal. 1.07 gal.
White Lead 7.00 cwt. 14.25 cwt.
White Paint 2.25 gal. 4.25 gal.
Star Glue 16 1b. .45 1b.
Wire Brads 80-10% 70%
14-inch L C. O. S. Roll Tin 4.50 roll 7.30 roll
8 oz. Bill Poster Tacks 10 1b. .20 1b.
No. 1 Maydole Claw Hammers .50 each 1 . 30 each
Commercial 1 o x 1 0 solder . 25 lb. . 50 lb.
36-inch Sledge Handles 2 00 doz. 4.70 doz.
4 feet 2-inch Mesh Poultry Netting 2.00 roll 5.80 roll
No. 8 Ames Scoop Shovels 16.50 doz. 27.20 doz.
No. D8-96-inch Disston Hand Saws 1.75 each 3.00 each
Sterling Mounted Grindstones 3.75 each 8.65 each
No. 8 Wiss Tinners' Snips 1.35 pr. 2.20 pr.
10-inch Stillson Wrench 65 each 1.37 each
No. 2 Annstroned Pipe, Stock and Dies 3 . 20 8 . 00
Black Diamond Files Less 70-10-10% 45%
No. 2 D. H. Square Point Shovels 6 50 doz. 17.00 doz.
7 lb. Railroad Picks 2.80 doz. 13.00 doz.
Pick Handles 1.50 doz. 3.75 doz.
L. H. Steel Snow Shovels .30 each .90 each
1 Bushel Galvanized Baskets . 60 each 1 . 40 each
Lag Screws , Less 75% 40%
Carriage Bolts Less 70% 20-5%
Mach. Bolts , Less 70% 25-5%
Stove Bolts , Less 80-10% 60-10%
Handled Axes 1.25 each 2.50 each
8-inch Hack Saw Blades 40 doz. . 80 doz.
Mortar Hods 1 00 each 1 . 50 each
18 X 30 Cast Iron Sinks 1 25 each 3 00 each
Steel Crow Bars 03 1b. 09i2lb.
Furnace Scoops .38 each . 90 each
8-inch Crescent Wrench 60 each 1 . 50 each
15-inch Coe Monkey Wrench 1 . 50 each 2.50 each
Pyrene Fire Extinguishers 7 . 00 10 . 00
Sweeds Iron Tiller Rope Less 50-2 12% List net
Circular Saws . . 50% Plus 10%
Steel Bars 175 cwt. Base 3 . 92 cwt.
J^-inch Cut Washers 04 lb. . 10 lb.
Cold Roller Steel Less 50% Plus 12%
4-foot Iron Screw Clamps 125 each 2 . 00 each
5-foot Straight Fork Handles 1 . 50 doz. 3 . 55 doz.
No. 30 Oval Slide Vise 1.20 each 2.40 each
No. 78 Stanley Rabbet Plane 1 . 04 each 2 . 88 each
Buffalo's Part in the World War 395
Comparative Prices on Tools, Builders' Hardware, Household Goods, Etc.— Con.
January, 1914 January. 1919
No. 30 Yankee Screw Drivers 1 . 05 each 2 . 25 each
White Waste 9.25 cwt. 18.75 cwt.
Asphalt Scrapers . . 1 . 50 each 2 50 each
No. 80 Floor Scrapers 58 each 1 . 14 each
No. 2 Cold Blast Lanterns 75 each 1 . 39 each
Shoe Cobbling Sets ... 38 set . 80 set
No. 34 Snow Shovels ... 65 each 1 . 30 each
24-tooth Wire Lawn Rakes .35 each . 80 each
20-foot Extension Ladder .... 3.60 each 7.00 each
Cotton Mops 2 . 65 doz. 4 . 50 doz.
No. 180 Ash Cans 19.50 doz. 72 35 doz.
No. 114 Heavy Galvanized Pails . ......... 3.75 doz. 11.60 doz.
No. 23 Galvanized Tubs 70 each 1 . 65 each
5-foot Step Ladder 2 . 00 each 3 . 50 each
XXX Railroad Brooms . 4 75 doz. 10.50 doz.
No. 594 Guarantee Wringer 5 00 each 9.00 each
No. 3154 D. A. Range 30.00 each 65.50 each
Blood's All Corn Brooms .55 each 1.75 each
Grand Rapids Sweeper .3,25 each 4 00 each
Peerless Motor Washer 15.00 each 20.00 each
Triumph Ash Sifter 2 . 50 each 4 50 each
Safety Matches 50 gross 1.75 gross
Mrs. Potts Irons , . 79 set 1.25 set
6-inch Stove Pipe 18 length .33 length
6-inch Stove Pipe Elbows . 16 each .18 each
38 Calibre Police Revolvers 12.00 each 21.00 each
38 Calibre Colt's Automatic Pistol 18.00 each 27.00 each
45 Calibre Colt's Automatic Pistol 22.00 each 23.00 each
The price of high grade steam coal in 1914 was as follows:
F. O. B. Buffalo Team Deliveries
Slack $2.20 $2.25
Mine Run 2 30 2.80
Lump 2.40 3.00
These prices did not represent spot shipments of cheap coals which are always available during
the summer months, but were standard prices for coal delivered throughout the year.
In 1918 the prices were as follows: slack, mine run or lump .$2.95 F. 0. B. mines, which is the
price set by the Government. This coal costs $4,598 F. 0. B. cars Buffalo; all freight charges
and taxes paid. The wagon prices on this coal ranged from $5.90 — where they started — up to
$6.50, which increase was due to freight rate and taxes.
Also, soft coal was sold, at team delivery as high as $8.40, which price was within the Govern-
ment regulation.
During the severe winter of 1917-1918 the reported shortage of coal at the mines and conges-
tion of freight traffic caused coal to be at a premium in many cases, and instances were brought
to public attention where hard coal was sold to consumers by the bushel which amounted to an exor-
bitant per ton price, in many cases, but for which there was redress through the office of the Federal
Fuel Administrator. However, it can be readily understood that the year 1918 to the period follow-
ing the signing of the armistice was abnormal and many things had to be taken into consideration.
RETAIL COAL PRICES
19U 1918
April July October April July October
Grate $6.15 $6.45 $6.65 Grate $8.55 $9.30 $9.30
Egg 6.40 6.70 6.90 Egg 8.45 8.95 9.25
Stove 6.40 6.70 6 90 Stove 8.75 9.20 9.45
Chestnut 6.65 6.95 7 15 Chestnut 8.75 9.25 9.55
Pea 5.35 5 55 5 60 Pea 7.95 7.95 8.10
Buckwheat 4.50 4 .50 4 50 Buckwheat 6.95 6.95 7 75
396
Buffalo's Part in the World War
Lamp Where the Old 6oth Spent the Winter of 1917-1918
Battery D on March
Buffalo's Part in the World War 397
CHAPTER cm
WORK OF THE FOOD ADMINISTRATOR
During the war one campaign succeeded another. One week the streets of the city
were ahve with banners and posters making their stimng appeal to the hearts and purses
of all patriotic Americans. The next week all this panoply of propaganda would be replaced
by other ringing pleas: the campaign of yesterday, having been successfully accomplished, would
be forgotten in the interest of the moment. But there was one war activity which could not
depend for success upon the brief and dashing campaign. The work of the Erie County Food
Administration, by necessity of its very nature, had to go on unceasingly day after day so long
as there were American soldiers in France to be fed, and impoverished peoples of our Allies to
be sustained. Although at times spectacular, this labor involved more drudgery than any other
proposition created by our entering into the European holocaust and yet those who watched
the records of that department from week to week realized that the work was accomplished as
thoroughly and competently as the efforts of other campaigns, which, because of their novelty
and scope, held greater interest for those upon whom it devolved to do the work.
The Food Administration task, unlike most of the other martial home activities, could not
depend upon the services of hundreds of the city's business men. There were too many other
things making their demands upon the time of men of affairs and the Food Work must go on
without ceasing. Therefore it was necessary that some one man be found who could devote his
entire time for the duration of the conflict to this specialty and this alone. James B. Stafford, a
real estate dealer, who in former years had been one of the city's most successful grocers, was
selected and his administration proved that he was the right man in the right place. By his
ability to build about himself a capable and ambitious organization, Mr. Stafford made a rec-
ord which gave Erie County an enviable reputation throughout the United States.
Mr. Stafford was appointed Erie County Food Administrator on February 28th, 1918. The
Food Administration was organized in August, 1917, and Food Administrators were appointed
in most counties of New York State during November and December of the same year. The
food situation became very acute in Erie County, but no administrator was named until the
following February.
The Food Administration primarily was an arm of the War Department, and its slogan "Food
Will Win The War" had been spread broadcast through the United States. The first aim was
to see that our boys in khaki received plenty of wholesome food. Other aims were to feed the
armies of our Allies, the civilian population of countries allied with us, to see that the populations
of neutral countries did not suffer from hunger, and to give our own citizens plenty of food
at fair prices.
Mr. Stafford had not long been Food Administrator when he discovered that it would be im-
possible for him to do the work and to continue his private business. Although there was no
salary attached to his official position, he did not hesitate to entirely sacrifice his private interest
to what he believed to be his duty.
One of the first moves made by Mr. Stafford was to organize an Executive Council. He ap-
pointed Oliver Cabana Jr., A. A. Brehm, George S. Staniland, Roland Lord O'Brian, Allan I.
Holloway, Sidney Detmers, Devoe P. Hodson, Walter H. Stafford, Finley H. Greene, Allen
Keeney, C. J. Irwin, Harvey D. Blakeslee, and Dana B. Hellings. Roland Lord O'Brian was
made Chairman of the Finance Committee of the Executive Council, and, because of its efforts,
the Board of Supervisors of Erie County appropriated $10,000 for office equipment and clerical
help.
Oliver Cabana Jr. was made Assistant Food Administrator to represent Mr. Stafford in Erie
County outside of the city, and a representative was appointed in each town.
398 Buffalo's Part in the World War
During the first few weeks, the business of the Food Administration was conducted in Mr.
Stafford's personal office, No. 31 Church Street, but the volume of work grew so rapidly that
larger quarters had to be secured. There being no appropriation for office rental, he donated
a suite of offices in the Stafford Building, corner of Church and Pearl Streets.
On February 1st, the U. S. Food Administration promulgated rules requiring the purchase of
an equal amount of substitute cereals with wheat flour, in the effort to conserve wheat. Most
people accepted that regulation good naturedly, but a certain percentage did not understand
the vital necessity and objected strenuously to the use of substitutes.
A strike of all bakers of the city was the first big problem which the Food Administration
had. The Food Administrator hesitated to interfere in a labor controversy, but as the strike
promised to cause suffering and perhaps a bread famine, he was called upon to assist in the settle-
ment of it. Failing to bring about an agreement between the master bakers and the employees,
both sides were requested by him to submit their grievances to the War Labor Board at Wash-
ington and in the meantime to keep on making bread. The bakers refused. Realizing what a
catastrophe a bread famine would be in a large industrial center such as Buffalo, with its enor-
mous foreign population, the Food Administrator took prompt action to forestall such an emer-
gency, ft was then that the "Food Boss" earned his title by commandeering the baking plants
in the name of the United States Food Administration. Experienced bakers were brought in from
other cities and these, with the aid of the patriotic and less radical strikers, kept the bakeries
running until the employees decided to accept the terms offered and to return to work.
It was found necessary, in certain instances, to take drastic action against violators. The
publicity accompanying the prosecution of well-known dealers served to impress upon others
the fact that food control was an essential war measure. The rules of the Food Administration
were designed to prevent hoarding, profiteering and waste, to control consumption and to keep
food commodities moving as directly as possible from the producer to the consumer.
Among the many other duties of the Food Administration, it was authorized to conduct in-
vestigations of trade conditions and trade practices among agencies having to do with trans-
portation, manufacture or distribution of food commodities; to investigate the cost of any food-
stuffs ; to determine a fair margin of profit ; to issue lists of fair prices to be paid by the consumer
and by the retailer for stable foods, and to determine the grading of foodstuffs in the whole-
sale markets. On October 8th, 1917, the President, by proclamation, made it necessary for
dealers and manufacturers of most food commodities to secure a license. The Food Adminis-
tration reserved the right to cancel the license of any licensee who violated the rules. No fee was
charged for the Hcenses issued.
Among the many violations for which the licensee was called before the Food Administration
were these:
1. Exceeding the margin of profit allowed to dealers in the sale of various food commodities.
(Most of the cases which came under this head were for violating the rules relating to the margin
of profit to dealers in flour and sugar.)
2. Selling sugar and flour in excessive quantities.
3. Exceeding the allotment allowed in the use of certain commodities such as sugar and flour.
4. Making combination sales, that is, forcing customers to buy other merchandise in order
to obtain a necessary article of food.
5. Not selling substitutes with wheat flour.
6. Baking bread with insufficient substitutes.
7. Public eating houses serving larger portions of bread per person than permitted by regu-
lations.
8. Serving wheat, pork or beef on days fixed for the conservation of these foods.
9. Hoarding food commodities.
10. Advertising the sale of commodities, the supply of which was limited, such as flour and
sugar.
Buffalo's Part in the World War 399
11. Deception in the sale of food commodities, and unfair trade practices or frauds, such as
misrepresenting the grade or kind of goods and selling as fresh food commodities which had been
in cold storage.
12. Making resales of food commodities for the purpose of increasing their prices. (The pur-
pose of this rule was to keep the goods moving in direct lines from the producer to the consumer.)
13. Selling food stuffs to unlicensed dealers.
14. Unreasonable rejection of food commodities shipped from out-of-town, when a waste of
food or congestion of traffic was caused by such rejection.
For violation by licensees of the regulations applying to their business, the Food Adminis-
stration had only one direct penalty, that, the revocation of the offender's license and the closing
of his business, but it was not always practical or desirable from a public standpoint to impose
this penalty. To close a large wholesale business, for example, would punish several hundred
innocent dealers depending upon the firm for supplies, and upset the whole system of control-
ling allotments of food commodities through the regular channels of distribution.
Closing up a large business with much stock on hand was a difficult task and required consider-
able supervision on the part of the Food Administration. Because of this, the Food Adminis-
tration frequently gave the offender the alternative of closing his business or making a volun-
tary contribution to the American Red Cross or other war charity. These contributions wei-e
made proportionate to the seriousness of the offense.
More than 200 Buffalo firms and individuals donated more than $21,000.00 to the American
Red Cross for violations of food regulations. Contributions ranged from $5.00 to $5,000. Some
fifty business establishments were required to close their doors for periods of from one day
to two months. Housewives and dealers were protected from unfair trading. The prices of
foodstuffs were kept low and hoarding was reduced to a minimum.
The campaigns of the Publicity Committee, of which Finley H. Greene was Chairman, were
conducted without any financial assistance from Erie County or the Unites States Food Ad-
ministration. Voluntary contributions were received from public spirited citizens, amounting
to $4,503.00.
In all countries of Europe the production of food was at a low ebb during the war and one of
the most important aims of the Food Administration was to increase production in this country.
The campaign to increase production in Erie County was under direction of Oliver Cabana Jr.,
and Dovoe P. Hodson, ably assisted by the town representatives. Through this campaign, pro-
duction of wheat in Erie County was increased about 50 per cent and thousands of bushels were
saved because of a crusade of education to show the farmers the importance of careful handling
of the grain while harvesting and threshing. A meeting was held at Pine Grove Farm, the sum-
mer home of Oliver Cabana. Representatives from each town in the county were present. Food
Administrator Stafford, Deputy Food Administrator Cabana, .Judge Hodson, George Urban
Jr., and others, spoke on the necessity of economical handling of grain. A committee was appoint-
ed to see that all threshing machines in the county were working properly and to get the farmers
to thresh grain early. This committee aided owners of threshing machines in securing repair
parts for their machines so as to keep every available thresher working.
A bulletin issued January 12th, 1918, by the State Food Administrator, directed attention
of all County Food Administrators to the fact that hoarding was prohibited. These laws applied
to individuals as well as dealers.
The County Food Administrators were requested to investigate large purchases of flour and
sugar by individuals and to prosecute unlawful cases. A bulletin on the subject was given pub-
licity throughout Erie County. It directed attention to the fact that the sugar ration had been
fixed by the Food Administration at three pounds a person each month. At that time, sales of
sugar were limited in the city to not more than five pounds and to rural consumers not more
than ten pounds.
The sale of flour was limited to one-eighth barrel to city consumers and one-fourth of a barrel
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Buffalo's Part in the World War 401
to rural consumers. All advertising tending to induce consumers to increase purchases of flour
or sugar during the national crisis was declared to be against public policy and forbidden.
On January 28tli, 1918, the fifty-fifty flour rule was put into effect, requiring every purchaser
of wheat flour to buy an equal amount of substitutes. The substitutes permitted were hominy,
corn meal, corn flour, corn starch, barley flour, oatmeal, rice, rice flour, buckwheat flour, potato
flour. This rule was modified to allow consumers to purchase three pounds of flour with one
pound of authorized substitutes between February 1st and 14th. From February 14th to Feb-
ruary 28th, they were required to purchase two pounds of substitutes with three pounds of flour.
After March 1st, they were required to purchase flour and substitutes in equal quantities.
On February 23rd, a rule was promulgated forbidding the use of edible flour for manufac-
turing purposes. Only low grade or damaged flour could be used in manufacturing, including
paste for wall papering and bill posting.
On March 21st, a bulletin was issued by the State Food Administrator requesting the county
administrators to declare Mondays and Wednesdays "wheatless days" and Tuesdays "meat-
less days" in restaurants, hotels and other public eating places, as well as in the home.
In order to increase and encourage the conservation of food, a survey of the garbage collected
by the City of Buffalo was made, and it was found that housewives were discarding large
amounts of bread and other food. In order to bring the matter to the attention of the public
forcibly, several large baskets of bread were collected from this garbage and photographed for
publication. An appeal was made, through the newspapers, to utilize every crumb of bread.
Food investigators decided that food was being wasted at a training camp for soldiers con-
ducted in the city. A hearing was held in the office of the Food Administrator and a report made
to the authorities at Washington. A short time after this report was made, a conservation of-
ficer was appointed at each army cantonment. It is not known whether this was a direct result
of the Buffalo investigation, but no doubt the conditions reported here hastened the creation of
that office.
On June 25th, 1918, sugar regulations were promulgated to take effect July 1st. The supply
of sugar was gi-owing smaller because of the scarcity of shipping facilities from Cuba and on
account of German submarine activities. All refiners were forbidden to sell sugar after July
1st except on certificate issued by the Food Administration after careful investigation of the
amount of sugar previously used by the applicant.
During July, August and September, manufacturers were allowed but 50 per cent of their
former consumption of sugar, excepting ice cream manufacturers who were given 75 per cent.
Hotels and public eating houses were permitted three pounds of sugar for every 90 meals served.
Bakers and retail grocers got 70 per cent of their former consumption. Housewives were given
25 pounds of sugar for canning puiposes in addition to their regular allowance of three pounds
a month for each member of the family.
The control of the distribution of sugar was one of the largest tasks confronting the Erie County
administration. In order to enforce the ruling, allowing three pounds a person a month for in-
dividuals, it was necessary to have retail grocers, in the towns outside of Buffalo, issue sugar
cards to each family. In Buffalo it was found impracticable to use sugar cards, but each grocer
was required to keep a record of sale for the Food Administration. By checking up these records,
it was possible to learn if more than the regular allowance of sugar had been secured by anyone.
The Food Administration was instructed to see that there was no hoarding of sugar by con-
sumers and that sugar was equitably distributed. Publicity was given to the fact that a house-
wife hoarding sugar was a slacker and a traitor. Retail grocers were told of the necessity of their
co-operation with the Food Administration in this regard and to see that no family secured an
undue amount of sugar. They were instructed to watch for repeaters on two and five pound
purchases, when it was found that unscrupulous people were buying small lots of the saccharine
mixture at more than one store.
On August 1st, it was found necessary to reduce the amount of sugar allowance to public
402 Buffalo's Part in the World War
eating houses from three pounds to two for every 90 meals served and the allowance for house-
holders to two pounds a month for each member of the family.
The harvest of wheat was so plentiful that on August 3rd, 1918, the wheatless days and
meals were abohshed, but the ruhng Umiting hotels, restaurants and public eating places to
six pounds of flour to 90 meals was continued in effect.
On August 17th, a telegram came from Washington requesting the local administration to
urge upon housewives the necessity of home canning. The housewives, under the impression
that sufficient sugar for this purpose was not available, were in some cases allowing fruit to go
to waste. The housewife was informed that she would be supplied with sugar for canning and
urged to preserve quantities of fruits and vegetables. A plan was adopted whereby the dealers
filed with the Buffalo office the home canning slips covering sugar sold in quantities not to ex-
ceed twenty-five pounds at a time to individual consumers. All of these were checked from day
to day.
Another telegram fi'om Herbert Hoover, Federal Food Administrator, stated that the recent
survey by the Food Administration of the food resources of the 220,000,000 people fighting
Germany showed that to make reservation against disaster there must be maintained in all
countries conservation of wheat flour during the next year. It was agreed that the wheat bread
of the Allies should contain 20 per cent of substitutes, and it was only just that we should bear
our share in this saving and our bread should contain at least as much substitutes as the bread
of the people who were suffering more greatly than ourselves. In order to carry out this movement,
it was decided to place a ready mixed flour, "Victory Flour," on the market. This mixed flour
contained approximately 80 per cent wheat flour and 20 per cent of other grains.
It was decided on August 27th, that the fifty-fifty rule which required the purchase of an equal
amount of substitutes with wheat flour should be rescinded. A new rule required retail dealers
selling standard wheat flour to carry in stock either barley flour, corn flour, or corn meal and
with every sale of wheat flour to sell a combination of one or more of these flours in the pro-
portion of one pound of substitutes to each four pounds of wheat flour.
Early in November, it became apparent that the struggle in Europe was reaching a climax
and an early ending of the war was predicted. November 5th, the State Food Administrator noti-
fied Erie County that from various parts of the State information had come to him that our
citizens, feeling that the end of the war was near, had relaxed their efforts to conserve food.
He said that no greater mistake could happen and urged a greater sacrifice.
On November 16th, the Food Administration advised that the recent war developments had
made possible a complete abandonment of the Food Administration rule in regard to the use
of substitutes with wheat fiour, an announcement hailed with delight.
The work of the Food Administration was the work of many hands. It could not have been
accomplished without the co-operation of the different trade organizations, and their commit-
tees were continually in touch with the Buffalo office. Too much emphasis cannot be given to
the results accomplished by the Bakers' Service Committee. .James B. Dwyer was chairman. The
Retail Grocers' Association, of which Joseph C. Starck was President, also co-operated with the
Food Administration. The grocers helped the Publicity Committee drive home to the public
the absolute necessity of saving food. The Wholesale Grocers' Association appointed a committee
of which Edward Cumpson was Chairman, to assist the Food Administration.
The work of Mr. Stafford as Food Administrator was appreciated by John Mitchell, Presi-
dent of the New York Federal Food Board. He said at the time of Mr. Stafford's resignation:
"I take pleasure in adding my words of appreciation to those of so many others for the
great services you have rendered and the sacrifices you have made in preventing profiteer-
ing and in keeping the prices of food, as far as that was possible, within the reach of all the people.
"I recognize how difficult your task has been. I have been in a position to know how hard
you have worked and how much you have accomplished, and I am certain that the esteem in
which you are held by your fellow citizens will fully compensate you for all you have done in
Buffalo's Part in the World War 403
serving them and your country during the great World War in which the American people played
so conspicuous and yet so unselfish a part."
James B. Staflford was born in Dublin, Ireland, on September 23, 1853. He came to Buffalo
eight years later, and when ten years old became a helper in the store of S. M. Callander, then
the leading retail gi'ocer of the city. When Mr. Stafford was twenty years old, he organized the
firm of Jones, Stafford & Company, which conducted the Fulton Market at No. 352 Main Street.
In a short time he had one of the largest wholesale and retail stores in the city, and within a few
years bought out his partners.
In 1892 he sold his business to Faxon, Williams and Faxon and entered the real estate business.
He was active in this line for many years and instrumental in securing the investment of hun-
dreds of thousands of dollars of outside capital in Niagara Frontier property.
In referring to the work of the Food Administration, he said, "It is not I, it is the splendid co-
operation I have received from the national. State and City officials and from the patriotic persons
locally who have freely given their time and money to this important war work; they are re-
sponsible for the success of this office."
404 Buffalo's Part in the World War
CHAPTER CIV
NATIONAL LEAGUE FOR WOMAN'S SERVICE
THE National League for Woman's Service was organized at the Congress of Constructive
Patriotism, held in Washington, January 27th, 1917. The Erie County Committee was
appointed early in February, but did not begin active work until April when an office was
given through the courtesy of the School Board in the old Central High School building.
The League had a registration of 1600 women in Buffalo, who signified theii- willingness to
do all kinds of volunteer work under classified heads. The Motor Division was first organized
under Mrs. Langdon B. Wood and Mrs. Charles H. McCullough and did most eflScient work,
developing later into a more military organization with Mrs. Hany B. Spaulding as Captain.
The "Overseas" Division composed mostly of business women, under the leadership of Miss Cora
Bethune, made and sent several thousands of children's garments to France, and, later, through
Mrs. Oliver A. Jenkins, knitted articles, and, still later, made three hundred patch work quilts un-
der the direction of Mrs. Allison K. Hume for the American Committee for devastated France.
The clerical workers under Mrs. I. B. Hope did an amount of valuable work for the military
census, the Food Administration, the Navy Recruiting office in the Federal Building, many of
the exemption boards and the Buffalo Chapter of the American Red Cross.
Service Club No. 1 with Mrs. J. P. Devine, Chairman of Social Welfare Division, assisted by
Mrs. Thomas K. Mann, Chairman of the Canteen, was opened in November, 1917, at the corner
of Delaware Avenue and Chippewa Street in the house owned by Mr. Wilhs K. Jackson, who gave
its use. Mrs. DeWitt C. Clinton was Chairman of the House Committee at the close of the war.
Club No. 2 at 245 Porter Avenue in the house given by the A. P. Thompson Estate, was
opened in May, 1918, with Mrs. A. B. Wright, Chairman of the House Committee, assisted by
Mrs. W. R. Pooley; Mrs. Allison K. Hume was Chairman of the House Committee at the close of
the war.
The Station Service Club at 78 Exchange Street, in the building given by the B. C. Rumsey
Estate, opened the end of July with Mrs. James W. Putnam as Chairman of House Committee.
Meals were sensed in all the clubs at fifteen cents each. Beds were available in Clubs Nos. 1 and
2 at thirty-five cents a night. The three clubs served more than 125,000 meals during 1918,
all work being done by National League women. A Red Cross surgical dressings work-room,
in charge of Mrs. Allison K. Hume, was opened in May through the courtesy of the Buffalo
Consistory, in its music room; over a hundred thousand dressings were made in the six months
it was in operation. An average attendance of about 200 women a week was maintained.
From March to November, 1918, the League bought and sold at its office at cost, for patri-
otic purposes, under the direction of Mrs. Pennypacker, about $18,000 worth of yarn.
The League had no membership dues and there was no public solicitation of funds to carry
on its work, the sole support of the Committee in Buffalo being the collection and sale of old
newspapers and magazines by the Newspaper Division of which Miss Catharine Murray was
Captain.
'Those constituted the main activities of the Erie County Committee of the National League
for Woman's Service, but by far the greater part of the Committee's work was in its co-operation
with and service to other organizations. The officers were: Mrs. Frank W. Fiske, Jr., Chairman
and moving spirit; Mrs. Allison K. Hume, Vice Chairman; Mrs. William E. Danforth, Secretary;
Dr. Carro C. Croft, Treasurer, and Miss Charlotte Ogilvie, Executive Secretary.
Buffalo's Part in the World War 405
CHAPTER CV
THE WORLD WAR IN VERSE
War time verse, particularly the popular melody, was plentiful during the war period.
War time songs were the rage in all the theatres and at every other form of entertain-
ment. After the close of the war a New York paper offered a prize of $2,000.00 for
the best National Anthem and this prize was won by Herman T. Koerner of Buffalo, whose
Anthem "My Country" was determined by the judges to be the best of the many thousands
submitted. The lists of judges included John Philip Sousa, John McCormack, John L. Golden,
Irving Berlin and Josef Stransky.
The winning of that prize by Mr. Koerner was particularly interesting, owing to the fact that
he had engaged, just prior thereto, in a vigorous controversy with Food Administrator James
B. Stafford, the outcome of which was a rather heavy fine against Mr. Koerner on the charge of
hoarding flour and sugar. Mr Koerner's boy was in the United States service.
Many other writers produced rather delightful verse during the war period, and a few of the
efforts are here reproduced as samples of our war time poetry.
MY COUNTRY
(An Anthem)
By Herman T. Koerner
Hail to thee, my country! Majestic and subHme:
We worship thee, we glory, In Freedom's Holy Shrine.
Hail to thee, in beauty! In wisdom, pow'r and strength;
Thy conscience fails no duty, And thy sympathy no length.
Hail to thee, in gladness! In sorrow or in stress;
Live, beloved country! Prevail in blessedness.
Hail, O mighty nation! Whose banner is unfurled.
In Honor and devotion — To the love that rules the world.
THE AMERICAN EXPEDITIONARY FORCE
Katherine Lee Bates
They veiled their souls with laughter Our springing tears adore them,
And many a mocking pose. These boys at school and play.
These lads who follow after Fair-fortuned years before them,
Wherever Freedom goes; Alas! but yesterday;
These lads we used to censure Divine with sudden splendor
For levity and ease, — Oh, how our eyes were blind !-
On Freedom's high adventure In careless self-surrender
Go singing overseas. They battle for mankind.
Soldiers of Freedom ! Gleaming
And golden they depart
Transfigured by the dreaming
Of boyhood's hidden heart.
Her lovers they confess them
And, rushing on her foes.
Toss her their youth — God bless them! —
As lightly as a rose.
406
Buffalo's Part in the World War
DOUGHBOY DITTIES
By Damon Runyon
At night, when we camped by the old chateau,
An' the yellow moon looked down,
I used to dream of a girl I know —
A girl in the old home town.
I dreamed o' the words she said to me
The day that we said good-bye.
When I left her to cross the rollin' sea —
But mostly I dreamed o' pie!
An' now that the packet is headed home
An' the lights fade on the shore,
As I watch the gloamin' begin to gloam,
I am dreamin' my dreams once more.
Again I dream o' that last goodbye
Ere I sailed o'er the rollin' brine,
But mostly I dream of the big mince pie
That soon will be mine — all mine.
For there's girls in England and girls in France
An' girls on the windin' Rhine;
You are always meetin' a lovin' glance
Anywheres up the line.
You can always sit in a game o' hearts
Where the ante's a gentle sigh,
But the scarcest thing in these foreign parts
Is a hunk o' reg'lar pie.
IN
There'll be always girls, if you look around,
Wherever your feet may stray;
Whether you're outward or homeward bound.
They'll never be far away.
But when you're guardin' a dreary post
Or watchin' the shrapnel fly.
The thing that you will miss the most
Is that good old home-made pie!
FLANDERS FIELDS
By John McRae
In Flanders fields the poppies blow
Between the crosses, row on row,
That mark our place; and in the sky
The larks, still bravely singing, fly
Scarce heard amid the guns below.
We are the Dead. Short days ago
We lived, felt dawn, saw sunset glow,
Loved and were loved, and now we lie
In Flanders Fields.
Take up our quarrel with the foe;
To you from failing hands we throw
The torch; be yours to hold it high,
If ye break faith with us who die
We shall not sleep, though poppies grow-
In Flanders fields.
Adventurers, they put to sea
With many a laugh and jest.
Strange port and rare
Was St. Nazaire;
An unknown city Brest.
To them all France
Was bright romance.
But time has changed their views.
They'd give the whole of Europe
For a sight of Newport News.
THE A. E. F.
By Walter Trumbull
Explorers on the plains of Death
And through the hills of Hell
Haggard and worn,
By bullets torn.
They served their Nation well.
But now the war
Is waged no more,
These veterans of the game
Find Heaven and Hoboken
Words that seem to mean the same.
Just to see America
Spread against the sky;
Just to journey back again.
Never more to roam;
Just to find the station
And the window, and to buy
The little bit o' ticket
Or the long green ticket —
But the ONE-WAY ticket HOME.
Buffalo's Part in the World War 407
i shall not be afraid
By Aline Kilmer
I shall not be afraid any more, Now I am brave. In the dark night alone,
Either by night or day; All through the house I go,
What would it profit me to be afraid Locking the doors and making windows fast
With you away? When sharp winds blow.
For there is only sorrow in my heart.
There is no room for fear.
But how I wish I were afraid again,
My dear, My dear!
(Written by the wife of Joyce Kilmer, killed in action, fighting beside Colonel Donovan)
THEY LIE IN FRANCE WHERE LILIES BLOOM
By Percival Allen
They lie in France
Where lilies bloom;
Those flowers pale
That guard each tomb
Are saintly souls
That smiling stand
Close by them in
That martyred land
And mutely there the long night shadows creep
From quiet hills to mourn for them who sleep,
While o'er them through the dusk go silently
The grieving clouds that slowly drift to sea,
And lately round them moaned the Winter wind
Whose voice, lamenting, sounds so coldly kind.
Yet in their faith those waiting hearts abide
The time when turns forever that false tide.
In France they he
Where lilies bloom,
Those flowers fair
For them made room.
Not vainly placed
The crosses stand
Within that brave
And stricken land;
Their honor lives,
Their love endures,
Their noble death
The right assures.
For they shall have their Hearts' desire
They who, unflinching, braved the fire,
Across the fields their eyes at last shall see
Through clouds and mist the hosts of victory.
THE GOLD STAR
S. E. Jefferson
(In memory of Corporal Carl M. Darling, who died May 9, 1918 — at Camp Dix
There's a gold star on the Service Flag
To take the place of the blue;
It stands for the name of one who has gone;
One to whom honor is due.
It speaks to us, each time we look;
It speaks of a soldier brave;
Who gave up all — to answer the call;
Buffalo, June 1, 1918. His home, and country to save.
408
Buffalo's Part in the World War
WELCOME HOME OUR HEROES
By Donald Bain
With joy we hail you, Heroes every one!
Well done! brave souls and faithful in the cause
Of Liberty! we greet you with applause
On your return, your task complete, well done!
You fought and crushed the menace of the Hun!
And now we welcome you with proud acclaim.
Men of our hearts and homes, immortal fame
Is yours, who fought in Freedom's cause and won!
To you a debt beyond our power, to-day,
Or generations yet unborn, to pay
Is due; even so, believe your welcome home
Is but an earnest of the days to come.
Replete with gratitude to you and yours.
And those who come not back, while time endures.
Buffalo, N. Y., March 25, 1919.
THE UNAFRAID
By Bob Newhall
fTo Those Whose Boys Did Not Come Back)
The city smiles; her eager arms.
Stretch forth in welcoming embrace;
The flower of her manhood comes,
Hark! how the cheering grows apace!
A far-off blare of music sounds,
Of marching feet the distant play,
The tumult grows, the victors near,
The Unafraid were they!
And then the shouting thousands hush-
Four sable steeds with measured tread,
A flag-draped caisson draweth by.
The army symbol of the dead.
The golden stars shine bravely forth.
And to the sun give beam for beam;
One for each gallant boy who made
The sacrifice supreme.
Take heart of grace, ye mourning ones.
For with that caisson, squad on squad,
A Heavenly company doth march.
Who kept the faith with you and God!
Their martial spirits winged "back home,"
Though France's soil entomb their clay;
So proudly dry the brimming tears.
The LTnafraid were they!
VICTORIOUS TWENTY-SEVENTH
By Ralph Reid Rice
Reach forth to them a welcome hand.
Let echoes ring with cheers;
They're coming home this modest band —
Victorious cavaliers!
Hushed is the mighty cannon's roar,
They heard it die away;
Upon that far off foreign shore —
But yesterday!
Fling out your banners to the breeze,
Each building, home drape well;
They've now returned across the seas —
From out that living hell!
Fresh from the shell-swept battle fields,
Blood-stained a crimson hue;
Whereon you caused the foe to yield —
We welcome you!
Buffalo's Part in the World War
409
HERE'S THE TWENTY-SEVENTH
By Damon Rum-ON
(Written for the Twenty-seventh Division's paper, "Near Over," printed on board the Transport Leviatha n, at sea)
Here's the Twenty-seventh, back from Over Yonder —
(Lady, with your lamp, we hope you're well!)
Meet the lads who did a chunk to make old Jerry
ponder —
Last address the neighborhood of somewhere-Close-
to-Hell!
Here's the Twenty-seventh —
The New York Twenty-seventh!
With its memories of its battle deeds — and of its
men who fell!
Here's the Twenty-seventh, with its luggage in its
lockers —
(Lady, with your light, how do you do?)
Albany and Utica, and Upstate Apple Knockers;
Brooklynites and Broadwayites, and of the Avenue.
Here's the Twenty-seventh —
O'Ryan's Twenty-seventh!
Drove against old Hindy's line, by God, and drove
it through!
Here's the Twenty-seventh, packs upon their shoul-
ders—
(Lady, hear their line of British chaff!)
Ask the big Australian who's his pal among the
soldiers —
Ask our neighbor, the Canuck, how Friend Yank
stood the gaff!
Here's the Twenty-seventh —
The New York Twenty-seventh!
Hello, Lady, with the light — we want to hear you
laugh!
Here's the Twenty-seventh, back from 'cross the
ocean —
(Lady, here is Tom and Joe and Dick!)
Meet the lads who did a heap to set the Boche in
motion —
Busted right through Hindy's line and did it, too,
sweet — quick!
Here's the Twenty-seventh —
And here's to the Twenty-seventh!
Let 'em take the town apart to see what makes 'er
tick!
WELCOME-SONG TO WARRIORS
By J. Corson Miller
To-day, across the juml^led flood of years.
Once more, once more,
After tumultuous rage and wrack of war.
Surcharged with sorrow's songs and trembling tears
We raise a mighty paean of rippling mirth —
Joy unconfined — to herald o'er the earth
Our welcome-song to warriors who return,
With eyes a-flushed with Victory; we burn —
Body arid soul — with satisfaction now.
And toss to heroes chaplets for each brow,
Serenely brave while Pain and Death stalked nigh-
Raise high! Raise high.
(To 106th and 108th Regiments)
Ye proud-souled citizens of Buffalo,
Your thund'rous cheers up to the smiling sky.
For these young warriors who felled the Foe.
Ring out, ye great-voiced, blaring trumpets blow!
Like gorgeous pageant-strains of long ago.
Swell out, ye shrieking whistles, loud and long —
Hosannas of wild bliss above the throng,
For these are youths who stemmed the hellish tide,
When Freedom cried.
Clang out, mad bells with throats of mellow gold.
Once more the tale is told.
Of Yankee fighters, swift and brave and bold.
Through rain or sleet or lashing hail a-cold.
Who rose like demons on a blood-drenched field,
And would not yield
Until the Tyrant's hordes were backward rolled.
Argonne and Hindenburg's proud bulwarks fell —
O warriors of our hearts, ye have done well.
Crash out, ye bombs, in Liberty's bright name,
Amid the swirl of music, smoke and flame.
Reach out Love's hands through morning's bulging hours.
And let your greetings fall on them in showers.
And as with Rhythmic feet,
And soldier-stride they step along the street,
As over all of us their triumph towers,
Make sweet their path — the home-lit path —
With flowers.
Buffalo's Part in the World War
411
DEEP UNTO DEEP
By Ella Wheeler Wilcox
(Written on the occasion of President Wilson's visit to England for the Peace Conference)
They rode through the bannered city, And one voice now and forever
The King and the Commoner, Will speak from sea to sea
And the hopes of the world were with them Wherever the British banner
And the heart of the world was astir. And the starry flag float free,
For the moss-grown walls seemed falling For our fettering chains are sundered
That have shut away men from kings By the evil that turned to good.
And deep unto deep was calling And deep unto deep has thundered
For the coming of greater things. Its voice of brotherhood.
They rode to an age-old palace.
Where the feet of the mighty go
(A palace that stands unshaken
Despite the boast of the foe) ;
And the Kang from kings descending
And the man's of the people's choice
In a superman seemed blending
As they spoke as with one voice.
It was not a pageant of victory,
Of a triumph hour of man.
That ride through the bannered city-
It was part of a mighty plan;
And the sound of old barriers falling
Rode there where those rulers trod,
For deep unto deep was calling
In the resonant voice of God.
THE ENVOY OF THE DEAD
By Louise Driscoll
(Edith Cavell at the Peace Conference)
(Red Cross nurse executed by a German firing squad on the false charge of being a spy for England — At the close of the war her remains were
taken to Westminster Abbey, while all England and English-speaking people paid tearful tribute to her memory)
Did a white moth flutter against the window pane?
Did a light wind whisper through the council hall?
The great men looked up, to see if it would come again,
And a listening silence fell upon them all.
Then they seemed to see her, coming with her bandaged eyes;
There was blood upon her dress where her wounds were bare;
So they placed a chair for her, without question or surprise.
For they knew the mighty dead had chosen to send her there.
The mighty Nation of the Dead, who died on land and sea,
And by the rood, you know their wounds, O Christ on Calvary!
They chose her, for she knew them all, soldier and little child —
The girls who in an hour grew old had sent a word by her,
Within her quiet hands she held their wrongs unreconciled —
She led a long procession, like a white-robed crucifer.
And while they spoke of food and trade, she sat and listened, quietly;
And when they spoke of armaments, she had no word to say to them.
But when they spoke of justice, she arose in simple dignity,
Straight as the wooden cross men set outside Jerusalem.
The Prince of Peace Himself has said: "Repentance is the only gate."
There is no devious way to it. The way is narrow and is straight.
The snow fell softly, like white moths against the window pane;
It may be that a little wind went through the council room;
They seemed to see her coming back, to speak with living men again —
The Envoy of the Dead that wait beyond the silence of the tomb!
412
Buffalo's Part in the World War
CHAPTER CVI
NEW 74th regiment INFANTRY N. G. S. N. Y.
THE histoi-y of the New 74th Regiment is a small part of the cumulative evidence of the de-
termined military policy adopted by the State of New York in the face of the great men-
ace to our liberties which the world war disclosed. It was also an earnest attempt to retrieve
the errors of delay and unpreparedness of which we had become acutely conscious.
The organizations of the National Guard having been mustered into the service of the United
States upon the requisition of the President, and the entry of other organizations into such
service being in prospect on April 20th, 1917, Governor Whitman directed the immediate for-
mation of depot battalions, and Adjutant-General Louis W. Stotesbury issued detailed orders
to that effect, with the expressed intention of preparing military organizations, both in compli-
ance with the State law requiring a maximum of 10,000 armed men for State defense and, also,
for the further military necessities of the nation. This was, of course, before the Selective Ser-
vice Law had been enacted.
The interim between the departure of the old 74th Regiment, N.G.N.Y., and the formation
ofjthe first depot battalion was intrusted to Captain Charles R. Hurley.
The appointment of Major Newton E. Turgeon was made October 17th, 1917. He assumed
command October 22nd and the actual formation of the New 74th was definitely undertaken,
under the name of the 74th Infantry, N.Y.G. Company A was first formed with Captain .lames
R. Horton in command; Company B with Captain William W. McElroy; Company C with
Captain Ansley W. Sawyer and Company D with Captain J. Craig Roberts; 1st Lieut. Edward
S. Pilcher was made Battalion Adjutant, and 1st Lieut. Charles A. Kendall Ordnance Officer
Memorial Day, 1919. G. A. R. Escorts Returning Members of 78th Division
Buffalo's Part in the World War 413
and Inspector of Small Arms Practice; 1st Lieut. Joseph W. Becker, Supply Officer, and Captain
Karl F. Eschelman was commissioned Surgeon.
This first battalion came into being almost overnight as a result of the active military spirit
of the time, and the strenuous policy adopted by the officers of the new organization. The bat-
talion was in uniform almost immediately and was equipped with the Canadian Ross rifle.
Other Companies formed in Western New York were assigned to this battalion until more
than a sufficient number to constitute a regiment had been added, at which time a regimental
organization was organized, Major Newton E. Turgeon being commissioned as Colonel in com-
mand November 20th, 1917.
Battalions were thereafter immediately created as follows:
First Battalion, as above designated with Company K of Tonawanda added, under com-
mand of Captain Frank A. Wallace; Captain James R. Horton of Company A being commis-
sioned Major, and assigned to the command of the battalion.
Second Battalion, consisting of Company E of Jamestown, 1st Lieut. Frank A. Johnson; Com-
pany I of Olean, Captain Herschel D. Raub; Company M of East Aurora, Captain Harry W.
Mead; Company S of Salamanca, Captain Olin W. Kelsey, and Company W of Warsaw, 1st
Lieut. John H. Moore; the battalion commander being Major Fred W. Hyde of .Jamestown.
Third Battahon, consisting of Company F, Medina, Captain Carl H. Breed; Company G of
Niagara Falls, Captain Charles P. Keller; Company H of Niagara Falls, Captain Henry Chor-
mann; Company L of Niagara Falls, Captain Max H. Elbe and Company N of Albion, Captain
John S. Beckwith; the battalion being in command of Major Hector W. MacBean of Niagara
Falls.
The Staffs officers heretofore mentioned were thereupon raised to proportionate regimental
grade and Rev. George F. Williams of Bufl'alo, commissioned Captain Chaplain, and Frank S.
Sidway Lieut.-Colonel and assigned to duty as such.
On May 24th, 1918, G. 0. 26, A. G. 0., the Second Battalion, alone referred to, was transferred
in its entirety to the 65th Infantry, N. Y. G., and authority was immediately gi-anted to the Com-
manding Officer, 74th Infantry, N. Y. G., to organize an additional battalion in Buffalo, to be
known as the 2nd Battalion. This battahon was created with Companies as follows:
Company T, Captain Elmer F. Adler; Company U, Captain Emil F. Becker; Company V,
1st Lieut. Roderick MacGregor; Company Y, Captain Frank W. Bannister. The letter desig-
nations of three of these companies were afterwards changed as follows: U to E; V to I; and Y
to M. Captain Charles A. Kendall was commissioned Major and assigned to command of the
battalion.
The recruiting of the regiment to full strength and its rapid acquisition of soldierly pro-
ficiency were accomplished even with the Selective Service Law, which took a toll of 532
from the ranks of the regiment. That these were well prepared is sufficiently established by the
fact that a large majority of them became non-commissioned officers immediately upon arrival
at the training camps.
A regimental stand of colors was provided through the generosity of the Saturn Club of Buf-
falo, the National and State emblems being presented on April 6th, 1918, by Dean William W.
Smith of the Club.
The following officers of the regiment as then constituted were formerly with the old 74th
Regiment N. G. N. Y.
Colonel, Newton E. Turgeon; Lieutenant Colonel, Frank P. Sidway; Majors, James R. Horton, Charles A.
Kendall and Karl F. Eschelman; Captains, Edward S. Pilcher, Joseph W. Becker, W. W. McElroy, J. Craig
Roberts and Frank W. Bannister; Lieutenants, Howard H. Burnell and John J. Webb.
414 Buffalo's Part in the World War
CHAPTER CVII
NEW 65th regiment INFANTRY, N. G. S. N. Y.
THIS brief history of the mihtary unit we now call the New 65th Regiment Infantry N. Y. G.
begins with a date which will henceforth be memorable in the annals of Buffalo. This was
September 24, 1917, when the 3rd Field Artillery N. Y. G. left Buffalo for Camp Wads-
worth, S. C. after being drafted into the Army of the United States as the 106th Regular Field
Artillery. The 106th went into the great war in France with the now famous 27th Division;
its glorious deeds must here be omitted having been told at length elsewhere.
In June, 1916, the 65th Infantiy N. G. N. Y. had been ordered to Camp Whitman, where it re-
mained until October of the same year. While at Camp Whitman, on July 10th, the 65th was
transferred to the Artillery arm of the service, designated 3rd Field Artillery N. G. N. Y., and
as such early in October was sent to the Mexican border as part of the thoroughly eciuipped New
York Division. Upon its return in March, 1917, to Buffalo, the 3rd Field Artillery took up its
quarters again in the Masten St. Armory in the State service. This State service, however, was
not to last very long. Pursuant to the call of the President, General Order 35, A. G. 0., July 12th,
1917, the 3rd Field Artillery N. G. N. Y. assembled at the Armory July 16, 1917, for initial mus-
ter into the service of the United States. The Regiment left Buffalo for Camp Wadsworth, S. C,
September 24, 1917. Ten hundred and fifty officers and men from the 3rd Field Artillery N. G.
N. Y., well trained and carefully instructed for the most part by officers of the National Guard,
entered into the service of the United States to do their brilliant share in the cause of liberty
and justice.
The call of July, 1917, took substantially all of the members of the National Guard of New
York into the Federal Service. On this occasion, as in June, 1916, when the regiment left Buffalo
for Camp WTiitman, a depot battalion was organized and became, especially in its officers, the
nucleus of the present 65th. Thirty men, who for various reasons could not go to Camp Whit-
man, formed the first depot battalion and furnished guard in and about the armory until the
return of the 3rd Field Artillery N. G. N. Y. from boixler ser\ice.
For the formation of the second depot battalion, the same officers were detailed, but efforts
to recruit this unit were almost entirely unsuccessful. In order not to interfere in any way with
the selective draft laws and voluntary enlistments in the U. S. Army, these efforts were defi-
nitely abandoned after a short time. In October, 1917, however, it was felt that the time had
come to make every possible effort to fill the tremendous gaps left in the National Guard of New
York by the call to Federal service. An active recruiting campaign was immediately set on foot,
and, with the generous assistance and well-directed co-operation of the Buffalo Chamber of
Commerce, the little group of officers left at the Masten St. Armory soon saw five batteries
mustered into the State service as follows; Battery E, Captain Nelson T. Barrett, commanding,
November 5, 1917; Battery F, Captain Jacob Brost, commanding, November 25, 1917; Battery
D, Lieutenant Wm. W. De Rango commanding, November 26, 1917; and Battery A, Captain
Leo C. Harte, commanding, August 20, 1917; Battery C, Captain John W. Johnson, commanding,
August 8, 1917. The appreciation of the work done by the Chamber of Commerce is best told
in the official language of the Adjutant General's Office: "It seems appropriate now to publish
an appreciation of the valuable assistance which on numei-ous occasions since September 1st,
1917, has been rendered by the commercial oragnizations of the State in the recruiting and ad-
ministration of the new military body known as the New York Guard now numbering about
21,000 officers and enlisted men. When difficulties arose in the recruiting of the two regiments
stationed in Buffalo, the Buffalo Chamber of Commerce voted a substantial appropriation for
a recruiting campaign and lent it all their powerful infiuence, with the result that all the desired
men for those regiments were rapidly secured". (G. 0. 32, A. G. 0., June 28th, 1918.)
Buffalo's Part in the World War 415
The next steps in the history and development of the new 65th were taken on May 24, 1918,
when General Orders No. 26, A. G. 0. were issued from Albany as follows: "Owing to the large
number of units of the New York Guard which have been formed in the territory assigned by
G.O. No. 58 A. G. 0. 1917, to the 74th Infantry, N. Y. G., and also because of changes in the 3rd
Field Artillery, N. Y. G. the latter organization (less Battery "A") is hereby reorganized as a
regiment of Infantry and designated as the 65th Infantry, N. Y. G., with headquarters at the
State Armory, 29 Masten street, Buffalo, N. Y. To the 65th Infantry, N. Y. G. will be attached
units with letter designations as follows: Companies A, B, D, F, G, stationed at Buffalo, Co. E at
Jamestown, Co. I at Olean, Co. M at East Aurora, Co. L at Salamanca, Co. K at Warsaw. Bat-
teries A and C, 3rd Field Artillery N. Y. G. are constituted companies of Infantry and attached
to the 3rd Infantry N. Y. G. The officers and enlisted men of this unit now on active service
with the 1st Provisional Regiment N. Y. G., guarding the New York Aqueduct will continue on
that duty."
Major Lyman P. Hubbell was promoted to the rank of Colonel and pursuant to S. 0. 44, 4B,
1918, assumed command of the new 65th Regiment Infantry May 30th, 1918. He gathered
around him the following staff of officers:
Majors Frederick W. Hyde and Nelson T. Barrett; Captain George Harvey Norton, I. S. A. P.; First Lieutenant
Guilford W. Francis, Assistant I. S. A. P. and Captain Miles J. O'Mailia, Chaplain.
Attached — Major William G. Bissell; Captains Fred C. Purcell, Thomas B. Loughlin, Philip H. Bourne and
Franklin C. Gram, Medical corps.
Headquarters Company — Captain Joseph M. Gwinner, Regimental Adjutant; First Lieutenants Charles M.
Scheiterle, Jr. and Harry D. Curtiss, Battalion Adjutants.
Supply Company — Captain Frank M. Chapin, Second Lieutenant Harry J. Holroyd.
Company "A" — Captain Charles H. Hamilton, Jr., First Lieutenant Laurens E. Wilgus.
Company "B" — Captain Andrew B. GilfiUan; Second Lieutenant Kirke R. Wilson.
Company "D" — Captain William W. De Rango; Second Lieutenant Albert R. Pankow.
Company "E" (Jamestown) — Captain Frank A. Johnson; First Lieutenant Selden B. Bemus; Second Lieutenant
William L. Nobbs.
Company "f " — Captain Jacob Brest; First Lieutenant Philip S. McDougall; Second Lieutenant Sheldon B.
Wright.
Company "G" — Captain Stanislaus Schoen; First Lieutenant John Gatza; Second Lieutenant Stanley F. Jaku-
bowski.
Company "I" lOlean) — Captain Herschel D. Raub; First Lieutenant Van Antwerp Simmons; Second Lieutenant
Harold A. Wright.
Company "K" (Warsaw) — Captain John H. Moore; Second Lieutenant Thomas E. Gott.
Company "L" (Salamanca) — Captain Burdette Whipple; Second Lieutenant Glenn C. Foy.
Company "M" (East Aurora) — Captain Harry W. Mead; First Lieutenant Walter F. Kelsey; Second Lieutenant
E. Harlan Williams.
These officers were more than ordinarily efficient in their line, most of them having had long
years of experience in various branches of service, e. g., Colonel Hubbell, 23 years; Major Bar-
rett, 26 years; Major Bissell, 22 years; Captain Norton, 29 years; Captain Brost, 20 years; Cap-
tain Gilfillan, 20 years; Captain Gwinner, 10 years. These men were therefore peculiarly fitted
for the trying and difficult task set them in the organization and instruction of the 65th. They
had spent time and energy, too, on the depot battalions that preceded the new 65th but now their
efforts were better rewarded. And their reward and praise lie in the fact that they were able
to help their country and the Federal service in the time of the country's need. At the signing
of the Armistice 800 men were under training in the new 65th; besides that, six commissioned
officers and 226 men, well over 25 per cent of all enlistments in the new regiment, entered Federal
service. Almost every branch of the service. Infantry, Aviation, Signal Corps, Engineers, Marines,
Navy, etc. had its quota, and each and every man who went to the Federal service from the
new 65th entered with the elements at least of military instruction. Too much commendation,
therefore, cannot be given to the devoted and unselfish officers, who, in spite of difficulties of
all kinds for love of country and of the Guard gave their time, energies and talents to its train-
ing and development.
416 Buffalo's Part in the World War
The officers of the 65th had long reahzed the essential aim of the Guard as outlined later by
the Adjutant General of the State, "The New York Guard is organized not only because of the
requirements of Article XI, Section 3, of the Constitution, requiring the maintenance of at
least 10,000 armed men within the State at all times, and to perform the usual military duties,
always heretofore so well discharged by the New York National Guard, but also to serve the
community during this world-crisis in many other ways, such as the work of fire-prevention
covered by the fire-fighting squads now established in all companies of the Guard; by serving
as a training school for officers and non-commissioned officers for the Federal Army, as is evi-
denced by the large weekly enlistments from the New York Guard into the Federal Army, not
only of officers but also and especially of men qualified to serve as non-commissioned officers;
and in many other ways thus far but partially developed."
"Do it for others" should best describe the activity of this extra military service of the New
York Guard. It will be proceeding in that spirit that the Guard will continue to deserve and to
receive gratifying commendations" (G. O. No. 32, A. G. 0. .June 28, 1918).
The events have justified the self-sacrifice of the officers of the 65th. The bravery and dis-
cipline of the trained troops presented to the country's army by Buffalo in the time of the coun-
try's need and the other services rendered so generously will stand forever in the memory of this
city as monuments to the devotion and ability of the officers of Buffalo's New York Guard.
Buffalo's Part in the World War 41'i
CHAPTER CVIII
BUFFALO AT HOME AND HER VISITORS
IN aftei' years three men "of the cloth "will always stand out in the History of Buffalo as leaders
in the War Work at home. While every man and woman was doing his or her bit, it appeared
to be general knowledge that an intense patriotic inspiration was given to the community by
a little group of clergymen. The Rev. Henry A. Mooney of Old St. .Joseph's Cathedral, the Rev.
George F. Williams of St. Mary's-on-the-Hill and Rabbi Louis J. Kopald of Temple Beth Zion,
never rested in their efforts to put Buffalo over the top in eveiy campaign to aid the Allies and
make certain the triumph of American boys in France. The clergymen mentioned and many
of their brother clergymen will always stand out as striking figures in the history of the arduous
home tasks of this war, taking their places beside Walter P. Cooke of the Liberty Loan, Robert W.
Pomeroy and Frank S. McGraw of the Red Cross, William A. Rogers of the United Workers,
Mayors Fuhrmann and Buck, E. H. Butler, Ralph S. Kent, James B. Stafford, Roscoe R. Mit-
chell, Col. .John B. Weber, Oliver Cabana, Howard A. Forman, W. W. Reilly, Newton E. Tur-
geon and the other Buffalonians who bent so willingly to the oars in keeping Buffalo in the very
first wave of patriotic American municipalities.
During the period of the war Buffalo was honored on numerous occasions by distinguished
visitors from America and from abroad. President and Mrs. Wilson visited the City in 1917
to participate in the big labor conference in the Broadway Auditorium. Secretary and Mrs.
McAdoo visited Buffalo on several occasions to aid in promoting the Liberty Loan campaigns.
Other visitors here were the Hon. Newton D. Baker, Secretary of War; the Hon. Josephus
Daniels, Secretary of the Navy; Vice Admiral Sims, Governor Whitman and Governor Smith ;
Special committees and various members of the U. S. Senate and the House of Representatives,
all to lend such assistance as they could in placing before the people the purposes and the
importance of the various war work campaigns carried on through the years of 1917 and 1918.
On the occasion of the visit to America of General Roop with other members of the Russian
Commission to seek our aid. General Roop took occasion to visit Buffalo. Later, Prince Axel of
Belgium, officers of the Polish Legion, the "Blue Devils" of France, the Royal Grenadiers Band
of Italy and a detail of Bersaglieri from the Italian fighting front, and a troop of Belgian
soldiers each in turn paid Buffalo a call while visiting in this country.
Citizens generally joined in the entertainment of these distinguished guests, while a partic-
ular effort to make the stay of each here pleasant was put forth by Mayors Fuhrmann and
Buck, Norman E. Mack, Frank B. Baird, E. H. Butler, W. J. Conners, Walter P. Cooke, of the
Liberty Loan Committee, and Robert W. Pomeroy of the Red Cross. The form of entertainment
ran the whole gamut which custom sanctions and society provides, and at no point did it fail.
While receptions were taking up the time of some, foiTns of relief work were assigned to
others. Of the many claims on our sympathy during the great war, the cause of the Armenians
stirred our hearts to the uttermost. Their country conquered and despoiled and they always the
victims of martydom because of their religion, as well as for their persistent success in commer-
cial life became the victims of horrible cruelties. To exterminate them as a people, had long
been the effort of the Turks. The war brought that opportunity. Abetted by the Imperial
German Government, and absolutely unrestrained by any sense of mercy, the Turkish Govern-
ment deliberately set about their deportation; confiscating their property, and murdering them
in the desert places of their banishment.
Buffalo was peculiarly interested in the fate of the Armenians, not merely because of sad stories
which had come to us over the cables, but also because many of our citizens had personal acquaint-
ance with and among the Armenian Christians in recent years and knew some of those who
have been actual sufferers at the hands of the Turks. Westminster Presbyterian Church
President Wilson Under Escort on Occasion of his Visit to Buffalo
Josephus Daniels, Secretary of Navy, Walter P. Cooke and Norman E. Mack
Governor Alfred E. Smith and Walter P. Cooke
William G. McAdoo, Secretary of the Treasury
On occasion of his visit to Buffalo in the interests of the Liberty Loan. The escorting party included Walter P. Cooke:
William J. Conners, owner of the Courier and Enquirer: Norman E. Mack, owner of the Times;
Vincent Riordan, Collector of Internal Revenue
Buffalo's Part in the World War
419
supported a hospital at Urumian, in Northwestern Persia, near the Turkish border, which had a
considerable share in caring for many of the Armenian refugees and Syrian Christians who had
been so ruthlessly despoiled. In maintenance of that particular work, many thousands of dollars
were contributed in Buffalo. Other churches also had responded most liberally to the various
appeals made, and their sympathetic interest had taken tangible form.
To co-operate in the great work of the American Committee for Armenian and Syrian Relief,
the Buffalo Committee was formed in the summer of 1917, through the efforts of Ernest T. Shaw,
representing the National Committee, and comprised the following: G. Barrett Rich Jr., Chair-
man; Clinton S. Bradley, Vice Chairman; Guilford W. Francis, Secretary; William H. Walker,
Treasurer; H. Ralph Badger, Clement H. Cochran, Daniel J. Kenefick, Hugh Kennedy, John A.
Kloepfer, Rabbi Louis J. Kopald, Albert F. Laub, Edward P. Lupfer, Thomas D. Powell, Charles
R. Wiers, and Mrs. Henry Altman, Chairman Women's Division.
During October and November of 1917, an appeal was made to the churches and notable
among the results obtained were the appeals of Dr. Samuel V. V. Holmes, Dr. Andrew V. V. Ray-
mond, and Rev. H. H. Hubbell, to their respective congregations. One of the first churches
in Buffalo to sponsor the cause of Armenian and Syrian Relief was Temple Beth Zion, Delaware
Avenue, where a plea followed immediately by a gratifying collection was made by Rabbi Louis
J. Kopald.
A patriotic rally held in December, under the auspices of that Committee, was addressed by
Rev. Frank W. Gunsaulus, President Armour Institute of Technology, Chicago, and proved a
most stirring event resulting in a substantial contribution to the cause of Armenian and Syrian
Relief, the call being given by the Rev. Samuel V. V. Holmes, D. D.
The city-wide sympathy in Armenian and Syrian Relief was demonstrated strongly through
the fact that the Cominunity Thanksgiving Service Committee, representing twenty denomina-
tions and of which Rabbi Louis J. Kopald of Temple Beth Zion was Chairman, on the occasion
Colored Troops Return Home — Another of Dr. Bruso's Contingents
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Buffalo's Part in the World War 421
of the Second and Third Services unanimously decided to devote the collections to the Armenian
and Syrian Relief Committee of Buffalo. At the Second Service held in the Teck Theatre in 1917,
when the Rev. Dr. Frank W. Gunsaulus of Chicago was the speaker, the appeal was made by
the Rev. Samuel V. V. Holmes, D. D. of Westminster Church, Presbyterian. At the Third
Ser\ace in 1918, at Elmwood Hall, when Secretary of the Navy Daniels delivered the address,
the appeal was made by the Rev. Richard W. Boynton, of the First Unitarian Church.
Prior to the formation of the Buffalo Division for Armenian and Syrian Relief, substantial
amounts had been contributed by individuals and largely through the Buffalo War Relief Com-
mittee, of which Charles Clifton was President. The funds raised at the AlUed Bazaar and Ex-
position in April, 1917, of which Mrs. Henry Altman was Chairman of the Woman's Advisory
Board, and Mrs. John A. Van Arsdale, Chairman of the Armenian Division, were through their
efforts, forwarded to the Buffalo Committee and sent through this agency to the National Head-
quarters in New York City.
422 Buffalo's Part in the World War
CHAPTER CIX
HOME DEFENSE COMMITTEE OF ERIE COUNTY
THE Home Defense Committee of Erie County was appointed by a Committee consisting of
Philip A. Laing, County Judge; Thomas H. McElvein Jr., Chairman of the Board of Su-
pervisors, and Louis P. Fuhrmann, Mayor of the City of Buffalo. The Committee was ap-
pointed at the instance of Charles H. Whitman, Governor of the State of New York, a similar
committee being designated for each county of the State.
The Committee named in Erie County was as follows: Col. John B. Weber, who was made
Chairman; Hon. George A. Davis, Vice Chairman; Hamilton Ward, Secretary; Clifford Hubbell,
Treasurer; and Clarence M. Bushnell, James W. Greene and Dr. Horatio S. Wende, of Tona-
wanda. This Committee remained the same with but two changes; Mr. Clarence M. Bushnell
died in February, 1918, and the Hon. Louis P. Fuhrmann was elected in his place. In October,
1917, Mrs. Frank W. Fiske, Jr., President of the National League for Woman's Service, was
added to the Committee. Frank B. Steele was appointed Executive Secretary at the first regular
meeting.
Under a comprehensive plan, emanating from the Adjutant General's office at Albany, the
following sub-committees were formed :
Military Census and Inventory, Finance, Publicity and Information, Defense and Security,
Military Intelligence, Transportation, Food Production and Conservation, Co-operating Agen-
cies, Aliens, Instruction, Health and Hospital, Religious and Industrial. To each member of
the Home Defense Committee was assigned one or more of these committees to carry out the
purpose and work of the particular committee, and also to procure sub-chairmen of these com-
mittees who would be competent to carry on their tasks. This was done at once and the follow-
ing men were appointed to act as chairmen of these committees: Military Census, John Henry
Madden, who had formerly been the director of both the United States Census for this district
and also for the New York State Census of 1915; Finance, Hon. Louis P. Fuhrmann, Mayor of
the City of Buffalo; Publicity and Information, Daniel J. Sweeney, City Clerk and formerly
Editor of the Buffalo Times; Defense and Security, General Edgar B. Jewett, former Mayor
of Buffalo and a military man of great experience; Transportation, Harry Parry, of the New
York Central Railroad; Food Production and Conservation, Frank Converse, who afterwards
resigned and Norman M. Clement was appointed in his place. Mr Clement served until he was
commissioned in the United States service, and George Urban, Jr., was designated in his stead
and served with great ability until the end of the work; Aliens, Mr. Edwin A. Rumball, who
later resigned, and Dr. F. Park Lewis was appointed in his place; Co-operating Agencies,
Hon. George A Davis; Instruction Dr. Daniel Upton, Principal of the State Normal School,
who served until his death in 1918; Health and Hospital, Dr. Walter S. Goodale; Industrial,
Archer A. Landon; Religious, Rev. Murray H. Howland of the Lafayette Presbyterian Church.
By direction of the Governor and the Adjutant General of the State of New York, the Defense
and Security Committee was required to organize and equip a Home Defense Corps, the name be-
ing changed afterward to the Home Defense Reserve. General Edgar B. Jewett had been selected
for this work, and gave it his untiring and constant attention. Through his efforts and those of
the enthusiastic men working under him a Home Defense Reserve was organized in Erie County,
consisting of twelve companies in Buffalo and one each in Tonawanda, Kenmore, Depew and
East Aurora. The average number of men in a company was 80, making a total of 1,280. All
these companies were organized under competent officers, men who had served either in the
United States Army, in the State Militia, or some other military body. In fact the greater part
of the personnel of this organization consisted of men who had seen service in some military or-
ganization, and were beyond the draft age or too young for conscription. The companies drilled
Buffalo's Part in the World War 423
regularly either at the regimental armories or upon the streets of Buffalo and soon became a most
efficient body of men. They gave their time and abilities to every public demonstration, es-
pecially giving weeks of hard and successful work for the Liberty Loan campaigns. Tents were
established in many places in the city, and the men took many hours away from their business
to work for the success of the Liberty Loans.
Through the efforts of General Jewett and his committee and the officers of the Home Defense
Reserve the organization was fully equipped with uniforms, overcoats and rifles. The expense of
this equipment was borne by the County of Erie and amounted to something under fifty thousand
dollars.
By outdoor meetings with fireworks and bands, moving picture announcements and speakers
and other work, most successful results were obtained. This was shown by the fact that large
increases were made in recruiting both in the United States service and in the State Militia.
One entire company of the Home Defense Reserve went over in a body to the State Militia and
a large percentage of men who were in many of the Buffalo companies went into the State Guard
to assist in building up that depleted body.
Because of some friction with the State officials at Albany and because of lack of proper
regulations in the organization of the Home Defense Reserve, the officers above captains never
received commissions. At an early meeting of the members Herbert L Sackett was elected Col-
onel and Erastus C. Knight, Lieut. -Colonel. There were also serving Majors Knight, Neftel and
William H. Slay ton.
Those gentlemen remained nominally in command of the Guard and Colonel Sackett, and Ma-
jors Knight and Neftel were tireless in their labors to make this organization a success. It was
by means of the efforts of the officers who continued with the Guard until mustered out that
the organization was ready at any and all times to protect the city and county from disorder
when there was no State guard to protect the great industrial interests of this locality and was
a great safeguard against possible trouble. The officei's who commanded the several companies,
and wei'e mustered out at the end, were as follows:
Company 183 — Captain George E. Gatley, First Lieutenant Harlan P. Bosworth, Second Lieutenant Franlc A.
Halliday.
Company 184 — Captain Edward Everitt, First Lieutenant Arthur M. Stone, Second Lieutenant Russell J. Cooper.
Company 185 — Captain F. D. Goodyear, First Lieutenant L. J. Thompson, Second Lieutenant Anton Johnson.
Company 186 — Captain Alva L. Graham, First Lieutenant Charles Cooper, Second Lieutenant R. G. Fisher.
Company 187 — Captain L. A. Lutz, First Lieutenant G. W. Francis, Second Lieutenant W. A. Lindner.
Company 188 — Captain Fred .J. Seames, First Lieutenant T. H. Pfrommer, Second Lieutenant Charles Schoenut.
Company 189 — Captain Edwin H. Dietzer, First Lieutenant W. A. Russell, Second Lieutenant L. W. H. Gibbs.
Company 190 — Captain C. C. Willard, First Lieutenant J. F. Bohn, Second Lieutenant Frank Thompson.
Company 191 — Captain Henry E. W. Simon, First Lieutenant W. E. Seely, Second Lieutenant Noble Robinson.
Company 192 — Captain .Julius Maass, First Lieutenant Walter J. Bruehl, Second Lieutenant Penn R. Watson.
Company 19.3 — Captain David W. Thompson, First Lieutenant Frank Kirkpatrick, Second Lieutenant Anthony
Cirrincione.
Company 194 — Captain Peter Czosek, First Lieutenant Frank Kwiecikowski.
Company 195 — Captain Roy A. Perrigo, First Lieutenant R. L. Kimberley.
Company 196 — Captain Arthur B. Wolf, First Lieutenant Ralph W. Simson, Second Lieutenant Roland Baxter.
Company 197 — Captain John Gatza, Depew Company.
424 Buffalo's Part in the World War
CHAPTER CX
CHILD WELFARE PROGRAM IN WAR TIME
ON the first anniversary of the entrance of our nation into war, Miss JuHa C. Lathrop, Chief
of the Federal Children's Bureau under the Department of Labor, announced a compre-
hensive "Child Welfare Program" for the United States for war-time and designated the
second year of war as "Children's Year."
There were two reasons for launching this nation-wide campaign: First, because the protec-
tion of child life was an imperative patriotic duty in view of the unavoidable wastage of human
life during war; Second, because of the opportunity for America to profit by the experience of
other warring countries where marked emphasis was laid upon the importance of safeguarding
child-life.
The program presented may be briefly stated under four heads:
1 — Public protection of maternity and infancy — slogan "To save 100,000 babies."
2 — Mothers' care of older children — through widows' pensions and right-labor-laws.
3 — Enforcement of child-labor laws and procuring full schooling for all children.
4 — Abundant constructive recreation for children and youth.
The Women's Committee of the Council of National Defense accepted this challenge for ser-
vice for the children and took entire charge of this great National Campaign. State and district
chairmen were appointed. Mrs. Henry Osgood Holland was chosen Chairman for the Buffalo
District. Mrs. George S. Buck was chosen an honorary Chairman. Mrs. Holland selected a com-
mittee of one hundred women, fitted by education and experience, to carry out this program.
Mrs. Raymond T. Fiske was appointed Secretary, and Mrs. Edgar Winters, Historian.
The City Commissioners generously appropriated fifteen thousand dollars to make possible the
accomplishment of that work. To avoid over-lapping and repetition of effort and to provide
medical and trained helpers to follow up the work of the committee this special committee co-
ordinated its task with that of the Department of Health, Dr. Franklin C. Gram, acting chief,
and the District Nursing Association, Miss Mary A. Lewis, President, and Mrs. Anna Hansen,
Superintendent.
The following Advisory Committee was appointed:
Dr. Dewitt Sherman, Chairman; Miss Mary A. Lewis, Vice-Chairman; Mesdames R. B. Adam, Humphrey Birge,
S. M. Clement, Chauncey J. Hamlin, John D. Larkin, Jr., Dexter P. Rumsey, Parton Swift, W. H. Wickwire, Harry
Yates and Emanuel Boasberg, Dr. C. S. Borzilleri, B. Dorasewicz, Dr. F. Park Lewis, Dr. George S. Staniland, George
J. Zimmerman. The Executive Committee had the following members: Doctors Edward Durney, Chairman;
Franklin C. Gram, Walter S. Goodale, Douglas P. Arnold, H. K. DeGroat, Mrs. Anna Hansen, August Schneider
and Mrs. Henry Osgood Holland.
H The Children's Year Committee of the Buffalo District did earnest, sacrificial work through-
out the year, contending at heavy odds against five months of influenza epidemic and a pronounced
shortage of nurses and physicians. This big group of intelligent volunteer workers was a life-
saving force in the city, and they turned the eyes of the community upon the children in so vital
a way as to reveal a great need and to win enthusiastic co-operation for future child-welfare work.
A partial list of the results accomplished follows:
1 — Talks to the older girls of the grammar schools on the care of the Baby.
2 — Health Survey by house-to-house visitation — a gigantic task in which over four hundred women had a jjart — to
obtain statistics of the physical condition of mothers and of children of pre-school age. The returns were tabulated
and district nurses and physicians visited all cases needing special care.
3 — A lecture course for young mothers planned by the Department of Health and given by city specialists in the
Hengerer Auditorium.
4 — A broad and constructive program of recreation work was planned and carried out by A. C. Febrey under
the Department of Parks and Playgrounds.
Buffalo's Part in the World War 425
5 — A campaign to persuade parents to give to their children a full measure of education to prepare them physically,
mentally and morally for true success in life was vigorously conducted in which the Department of Public Instruction
and the State Employment Bureau co-operated. Scholarships for bright children were given to keep them in school.
6 — Special speakers were brought to address public meetings along the line of child-welfare.
7 — City specialists gave brief talks at the monthly meetings of the committees.
8 — The babies of Buffalo were weighed and measured by the Health Clinics.
9 — Posters, dodgers, leaflets by the thousands were used in street cars, schools, stores and other public buildings
to give broad publicity to the work.
The Federal Children's Year Committee was as follows:
Mrs. Henry Osgood Holland, General Chairman; Mrs. George S. Buck, Honorary Chairman; Mrs. Eleanor
Barton, Mrs. J. Remsen Bennett, Mrs. L. L. Berger, Mrs. Harry A. Bliss, Mrs. Clinton S. Bradley, Mrs. F. H. Brewster,
Mrs. Clayton M. Brown, Mrs. W. E. Campbell, Mrs. Thomas B. Carpenter, Mrs. John Chalmers, Mrs. Jas. W. Char-
ters, Mrs. A. J. Colton, Mrs. Thomas Coulson, Mrs. George Crosier, Mrs. Charles Damon, Mrs. Edward F. Dold,
Mrs. Victor Dold, Mrs. Howard Dunn, Mrs. C. C. Durst, Mrs. W. B. Errington, Mrs. Raymond T. Fiske, Mrs.
David F. Foley, Mrs. Anna Fox, Mrs. John Ferguson, Mrs. E. A. Graves, Mrs. Ida Grumiaux, Mrs. A. G. Hatch,
Dr. Edith R. Hatch, Mrs. Elizabeth R. Hanley, Mrs. M. Ray Hammond, Mrs. Anna Hansen, Mrs. Edgar M. Hayman,
Mrs. Charles M. Helmer, Mrs. Herbert M. Hill, Miss Dorothy Hill, Mrs. George A. Himmelsbach, Mrs. F. C. Hoffman,
Miss Mary E. Hodgkins, Mrs. Walter M. Hopping, Mrs. Edwin J. Howe, Mrs. F. M. Hahler, Mrs. Felix Kessel,
Mrs. Walter Lampman, Miss Mary A. Lewis, Miss Mary E. Lewis, Mrs. William Lenhard, Mrs. Earl P. Lothrop,
Mrs. E. M. McClure, Mrs. Wm. E. McLennan, Mrs. John McLeod, Mrs. George H. McMichael, Mrs. W. H. Marcy,
Mrs. John Milligan, Mrs. S. C. Moss, Mrs. H. M. Morrison, Miss Naught, Mrs. Robert M. Nevins, Miss Dorothy
Peters, Mrs. D. Frederic Potter, Mrs. Irving W. Potter, Mrs. Samuel H. Pooley, Mrs. Thomas L. Quigley, Miss
Mary E. Remington, Mrs. Elsie Rothschild, Mrs. Mary Shannon, Mrs. W. J. Shoemaker, Dr. Jennie M. Schofield,
Mrs. M. Schroetter, Mrs. George A. Stesel, Mrs. C. C. Slaght, Dr. Mary N. Sloan, Mrs. Frank W. Standart, Mrs.
E. G. Spaulding, Mrs. George Storner, Miss Loretta Stanton, Mrs. William G. Taylor, Mrs. Eleanor Tanner, Mrs.
M. E. Townsend, Mrs. Louis Ullman, Mrs. Frank S. Vester, Mrs. Albert W. Weaver, Mrs. 0. F. Webster, Mrs. A. H.
Weston, Mrs. Ansley White, Mrs. Edgar Winters, Miss Cecil B. Wiener, Mrs. Avery C. Wolfe and Mrs. William D.
Weinig.
426 Buffalo's Part in the World War
CHAPTER CXI
BELGIAN RELIEF FUND COMMITTEE
IN October, 1914, we heard the sad story of the invasion of Belgium by the Huns. On the 23d
of that month Madame Lalla Vandervelde, an Enghshwoman by birth, and the wife of one
of the Ministers of State of Belgium, came to Buffalo with a letter of introduction to George
P. Sawyer. Three days later, namely on Sunday, October 25th, a meeting was held in the First
Presbyterian Church, addressed by Madame Vandervelde, and presided over by the late Dr.
Andrew V. V. Raymond, who in his touching and eloquent introduction of the speaker squarely
put himself on record as being not neutral but a partisan of France and England, and his state-
ment called forth great enthusiasm. A collection was taken up, and on the day following persistent
requests were made on all sides that a permanent committee should be formed. During that week
the Belgian Relief Fund was erected, with the following list of officers: Edmund Hayes, Chairman;
Hugh Kennedy, Treasurer; Charles Clifton, Chairman, and William Hudson, Secretary, Finance
Committee; Frank B. Baird, Chairman, Executive Committee, and George P. Sawyer, Purchas-
ing Agent.
The Fund dissolved on November 1st, 1915, and during that interval there was raised and
disbursed the sum of $46,520.09, of which .$45,051.88 was expended for 8,86914 barrels of flour,
made in Buffalo at the average cost to the Fund of $5.06 per barrel. The rail freight to New
York was contributed either by the railroads or by the American Commission for Relief in
Belgium; and the ocean freight was paid by the latter or by the Rockefeller Foundation. The
Washburn-Crosby Company, the George LTrban Milling Company, the Banner Milling Com-
pany and Thornton & Chester, donated the manufacturing cost on the flour, which accounts for
its very low price.
The balance of the money, $986.36, was spent for beans.
In addition to the above contributions, the Buffalo Belgian Relief Fund obtained donations of
seven carloads of flour and one carload of salt from neighboring towns, which were shipped
direct to New York. The Committee had no expense account, and every penny contributed went
net. The Chamber of Commerce co-operated in the subscription campaign to the extent of lend-
ing its machinery, the use of its rooms and its efficient secretaries, for several weeks. These con-
tributions did not cover all that was done in Buffalo for Belgian relief, as Mr. and Mrs. James
How and Dr. G. H. A. Clowes collected and shipped lai-ge supplies of new and second hand cloth-
ing, much of which was sent to Belgian refugees in England — {continued in chapter CXIII).
Buffalo's Part in the World War 427
CHAPTER CXII
BUFFALO POLICE RESERVES
ON April 18, 1917, under the direction of His Honor, Mayor Louis P. Fuhrmann, tliere was
organized for the protection of hfe and property within the City of Buffalo of citizens
to act as volunteer policemen, so that in case of extreme emergencies, where a large num-
ber of policemen were needed, the reserve would be ready and willing to offer their services as
special policemen.
The members received no compensation from the city and were organized and existed purely
for the patriotic purpose of serving their city in case of riots or uprisings, and when the members
of the Police Department were detailed to protect the great water front which contained hundreds
of storehouses and grain elevators, the Police Reserve after daily toil in banks, offices and in the
shops, patrolled the streets of the city in the absence of the regular police.
The Police Reserve were a very active organization until long after the signing of the Armistice.
They assisted the Department in disposing of a great many Liberty Bonds and War Savings Stamps,
assisted the Red Cross to keep order at parades, and helped with election day and registration
day details.
The Reserve were divided into fourteen different units, one unit attached to each of the police
precincts of the city and were under the direction of the captain of the precinct.
Each unit consisted of a captain, two lieutenants and four sergeants. The name, address,
business address, telephone number of each member was kept at the precinct station and at the
office of the Chief of Police, so that they could be called without delay, and when called for duty
each man was ordered to appear promptly with an extra ration. The police captain furnished
every man with a badge, baton and patrol box keys.
They were required to attend meetings at the station house once each week for the purpose of
being instructed in the proper method of performing police duties, and observing rules and
regulations, laws and ordinances. They were drilled in the military drills of the LT. S. Army,
received lectures from the training school instructor, and were ready to give efficient service
when called upon, as was proven by the many meritorious arrests made by their members.
At about the same time the Police Reserve was organized, His Honor, Mayor Fuhrmann, directed
the organization of a Volunteer Patrol League. The Volunteer Patrol League was a separate
organization from the Police Reserve with officers at police headquarters, and A. B. Wright
was elected Chairman. Members of the League were automobile owners and were required to
furnish their automobiles for patrol purposes in the residential districts.
428 Buffalo's Part in the World War
CHAPTER CXIII
FOR FRANCE AND HER ALLIES
EARLY in 1916 the demand for war relief in France became acute, the Buffalo Belgian
Relief Fund was dissolved and there was erected a new committee known as Buffalo War
Relief Committee for France and her Allies.
Of this committee Charles Clifton was President, and the other members were : Edmund Hayes,
A. E. Hedstrom, Hugh Kennedy, William Hudson, J. C. Dann, S. V. V. Holmes, Charles Van
Bergen, George B. Mathews, 0. E. Foster, George P. Sawyer. This Committee was formed to
cover all branches of war relief, including of course Belgium. It was believed that a general com-
mittee would be more effective than a number of separate ones, and each member of the com-
mittee was appointed to represent a particular demand.
This committee was active from .January 20, 1916, until it was dissolved February 1, 1918.
Like the Belgian Relief Fund it had no expense account, and all contributions were sent net, as
designated by the contributors or as decided by the committee. The total was $250,406.99, and
the money went to scores and even hundreds of different pui'poses. The committee received
thousands of letters of appreciation, and feels confident that all the money was wisely and eco-
nomically spent.
A detailed statement of its activities would be of interest, but would require more space than
the present publication can devote to it. Its expenditures may be grouped as follows:
French children, mainly through the Children of the Frontier and Fatherless Children of France organizations,
$98,832.92; American relief clearing house, Paris, $56,345.89 (largely for French wounded): Armenian and Syrian
relief, $22,742.93; Serbian relief, $17,365; Buffalo ward of the American ambulance hospital, $8,410; Buffalo work
rooms, purchase of gauze, $3,150.
Belgian relief agencies, $3,727.50; Buffalo canteen in France, $2,400; American Red Cross in Paris, $5,000: British
Red Cross, through Canadian agencies, $3,000; various British war activities, $6,000, of which $2,500 went to the
Belgravia war supply depot in which Mr. and Mrs. Herbert Ward were deeply interested and the same amount to
Lady Dorothy Stanley for British wounded.
War activities of the Y. M. C. A., $4,000; hospital kits, $2,144.35; for the blind, $1,393.25; miscellaneous, $14,000,
of which $7,395.91 went to Paris as designated by the French booth of the Allied Bazaar, which also gave $7,300 to
French children. Another $1,300 of miscellaneous funds went to Italy, $1,700 for surgical appliances and the balance
to worthy charities designated by contribution or appropriated by the committee.
At a meeting in Louisville of the American Library Association, committees were appointed
to guide a war task which had been given to the Association by the United States Government.
This task was to establish public libraries in all the new army camps and to furnish the men of
the army and navy, both at home and abroad, with reading matter. The Association was asked
to raise a fund of one million dollars to establish this work. Local campaigns were undertaken
all over the country to raise this large sum of money.
Appeals were made everywhere, also, for the donation of books to be sent to supplement those
bought by the A. L. A. These books were shipped, as donated, to different camps to the librarian
in charge. Most camps were equipped with library buildings erected by the A. L. A. and efficient
library systems placed in operation.
The Mayor of Buffalo appointed as a local war council to plan the campaign for subscriptions
to the Library fund the following:
Mrs. Henry Altman, Walter L. Brown, Mrs. Walter P. Cooke, Jesse C. Dann, Henry P. Emerson, George C.
Finley, James F. Foster, Godfrey M. Frohe, Mrs. L. P. Fuhrmann, Louis B. Hart, Rev. S. V. V. Holmes, Mrs.
John Miller Horton. Rev. Charles A. .Jessup, Rabbi Louis Kopald, Adelbert Moot, T. T. Ramsdell, George F. Rand,
W. Warren Smith, Maurice C. Spratt, James Wilson, Mrs. Harry Y'ates.
Most of the members of this committee took an active part in the campaign and are to be
credited with what success was attained. W. Warren Smith was the energetic manager, devoting
Buffalo's Part in the World War
429
Raising "Old Glory" over Liberty Plant on Vulcan St.
a great deal of time to it and enlisting the interest of many people. Howard Bissell acted as
treasurer. It is not possible to record the obligations of the War Council to all who did active
work for its cause, but the Librarian, Walter L. Brown, feels that mention should be made of the
liberality of the newspapers in giving so generously of their space; of the airmen who gave an
exhibition of flying for the cause; the publicity work of H. Ralph Rodger in preparing many
handbills for the campaign; of the social clubs, all of which solicited subscriptions from their
members; of the work of many of the schools; and of the active work of the ladies under the
direction of Mrs. Henry Altman in collecting money in the hotels and department stores.
The total amount obtained was $13,112.12, while the expenses were but $384.53. The amount
of the national fund reached $1,400,000.
430 Buffalo's Part in the World War
CHAPTER CXIV
THE BUFFALO THRIFT KITCHEN
THE food conservation work in Buffalo was conducted in the beginning by a committee of
women with Norman P. Clement as Chairman. This was a sub-committee of the Home
Defense Committee of Food Production and Conservation.
Dr. Horatio S. Wende was in charge of the food production work and Mr. Clement of the food
conservation work. Dr. Wende representing the Home Defense Committee had great interest
and faith in the value of the project and gave much of his time and influence to its activities.
The women's committee consisted of Mrs. Arthur Briggs, Mrs. Thomas B. Carpenter, Mrs.
Marcus Darr, Mrs. Frank W. Fiske Jr., Mrs. Edgar C. Neal, Mrs. Melvin P. Porter, Mrs. Daniel
Stucki and Mrs. Thew Wright. Later were added Mrs. Irene Servoss, Mrs. Vincent Riordan and
Dr. Carro C. Croff.
The first meeting of the Buffalo committee was called July 30, 1917, by Mr. Clement to meet
and discuss plans with Miss Martha Van Rensselaer of Ithaca, who was then in charge of food
conservation in the various counties of New York State.
August 9th Miss Gertrude Gates was sent to Buffalo by the New York State Commission to
take charge of the work under the direction of the local committee. Miss Gates was a graduate
of Mount Holyoke College, had received her Master's degree at Columbia University in nutri-
tion and was in charge of the department of nutrition at Perdue University at the time of her
appointment.
As no plans had been formulated for the support of the work in Buffalo the Home Defense
Committee put at her disposal an office and laboratory at 51 Court Street and undertook the
financial support of the enterprise. Miss Gates' salary as well as all the salaries later were paid by
the State. It was found immediately that the work was so gi-eat that Miss Gates would need
an assistant and the State commission sent Miss Auleen Russell a graduate of the Home Eco-
nomics Department of Cornell University to assist her.
In August, 1917, Mr. Clement resigned to enter the officers' training camp and George Urban,
Jr., was appointed to fill the vacancy. There could have been no happier or wiser appointment
than that of Mr. Urban. He gave unstintedly of his money, his time, his energy and his experi-
ence, and it was due in a large part to his initiative and supervision and to the capable, untiring
devotion of the Vice-Chairman, Mrs. Thomas B. Carpenter, that Buffalo Thrift Kitchen became
a model of such kitchens, was used as a training school for expert driers, and became known in
nearly every State in the Union as the records testify.
The Thrift Kitchen itself was conceived by members of the Women's Committee. Mrs. Servoss
who was an inspector of the Food and Drug department of the City of Buffalo, reported to the
committee the great loss of food on the public markets due in part to wasteful methods, in part
to carelessness and in part to loss from overripe fi'uit and vegetables, with no way of disposing
of them. Mrs. Thew Wright made the proposition that the committee provide means of saving
or lessening this waste. Thus was the idea of the Thrift Kitchen born, and to this first committee
was due the establishment of the first Thrift Kitchen at 37 East Chippewa Street.
To give a hint of the scope of the work in the very first days a few excerpts from a report
covering the period from August 20th to December 20th, 1917, are offered. Sixteen public schools
were opened August 20th for weekly demonstrations in canning, preserving, drying, salting, etc.
The total attendance for the two weeks was five hundred. Eleven schools were opened October
2, 1917, for a series of six lectures and demonstrations on emergency food problems, such as wheat
substitutes, meat savers, uses of milk, sugarless desserts, and other cookery puzzles. Six of these
schools were opened on Tuesday night of each week. Demonstrations on canning and drying
were given at the Normal School twice a week, and, beginning October 11, 1917, a series of eight
Buffalo's Part in the World War 431
lectures were given to the housewives in the neighborhood and to the Normal School girls on
the problem of war substitutes. Demonstrations were also conducted at about that time in the
Buffalo General Electric Building, the J. N. Adam Store and in some of the churches.
Forty-six general meetings were held with a total attendance of 4,632 people. These were held
at the Chamber of Commerce, church societies. City Federation of Women's Clubs, State Con-
gress of Mothers, Parent Teachers' Association, bible classes, patriotic rallies, private schools,
Red Cross Civilian Rehef, Y. W. C. A. domestic service girls, Charity Organization Society,
settlement houses, factories, J. C. Dold Packing Company, Larkin Home Economics Class and
District Nursing Association.
Several thousand pledge cards were signed through the efforts of the New York State Suffrage
Association before the State work was started in Buffalo. The Food Conservation Committee
continued the work by an extensive advertising campaign. Two thousand five hundred posters
were printed and distributed in the grocery stores and trolley cars throughout the city.
Supper menus were planned for many of the churches and exhibits of war breads and meat
substitutes were held in co-operation with the Housewives League rally.
On December 11, 1917, a special department in the Buffalo Evening Neivs was begun. A day's
menu with recipe was printed every day except Monday. On Tuesday the recipe was for a meat-
less day: Wednesday, wheatless day; Thursday, a sugarless day; Friday, a cornmeal day; and
Saturday, a dairy day. All the papers published a "Question Box" of questions and answers
on Food Conservation.
On December 10, 1917, Dr. Schurman, president of Cornell University, came to Buffalo to
discuss the food situation. The wheat outlook was becoming alarming and the sugar shortage
was looming in the distance. These gentlemen advised that it was necessary to cut down all
large committees to as few members as possible in order to work quickly and efficiently. The
Buffalo Committee was changed to a committee of three: George Urban, Jr., Chairman; Mrs.
Thomas Carpenter, Vice-Chairman, and Louis P. Adolf, Jr., Treasurer. The committee was sub-
sequently enlarged by the addition of Mrs. Robert W. Pomeroy, Mrs. Harry D. Kirkover and
Mrs. Henry C. Zeller.
Early in February, 1918, the Thrift Kitchen was moved into larger quarters at 33 East Chip-
pewa Street.
A. B. Schoerke, an expert dryer, was engaged with Fred D. Maunder and Miss Elizabeth Lang
as assistants. Women were hired to prepare vegetables. Many women of the city brought their
fruits and vegetables to the Kitchen, prepared them and they were dried at cost. Asparagus,
beets, carrots, cabbage, celery, corn, leeks, parsley, parsnips, peas, potatoes, pumpkin, spinach,
squash, turnips, soup mixture, peaches, plums, strawberries, raspberries and huckleberries were
dried.
To fill the vacancy caused by the marriage of Miss Gates in December, 1917, the Board of Educa-
tion of Buffalo was asked to grant leave of absence to Miss Ethel M. Coan. The most intensive
work of the local branch was done under Miss Coan's administration. There were three inten-
sive campaigns: wheat, potato and milk. During the wheat campaign, Henry G. Falke, a retired
baker, offered his services as an expert bread maker and demonstrated all varieties of war breads.
He was a striking figure at the Thrift Kitchen, and Buffalo has reason to be proud of this citizen
of foreign birth. During these campaigns experts were called. Mrs. A. W. Richards of Indiana
demonstrated southern ways of using cornmeal and Dr. Yamei Kin, a Government expert from
Washington demonstrated the use of the Soy Bean Curd as a wheat substitute.
Milk and cheese dishes were taught and exhibits made by the children in the domestic science
classes under the direction of Miss Hackett, acting Director of Domestic Science of the Buffalo
Public Schools, and Miss Alta Wiggins, Director of Physical Training, obtained excellent results,
her method being copied in other cities. A stream of visitors came to the exhibits and were received
by the Collegiate Alumni who volunteered their services for that campaign. Among the dis-
tinguished guests were: Governor Whitman, Mayor Buck, Dr. Whitman H. Jordan, Professor
432 Buffalo's Part in the World War
U. P. Hendrick, John Mitchell, Professor Babcock, Dr. Jacob Gould Schurman, William Church
Osborne, Marc W. Cole, Charles M. Treman, C. H. Betts, Dr. George Creelman, Professor W.
R. Graham, Julius H. Barnes, Calvin J. Huson and others.
July, 1918, saw the opening of Thrift Kitchen No. 2 at 466 Seventh Street.
Mrs. R. L. Kirtland, former Educational Secretary of the Young Women's Christian Associa-
tion, was added to the staff in July.
In August and September the shortage of wheat and sugar was at its height. The big driers
at the Kitchen were running at full speed preserving fruits and vegetables for winter use. In
August also the Fall boilings of sugarless apple butter were begun, and this was continued until
it was impossible to get sweet cider. The product was sent to Fort Porter and to the Red Cross
for use in serving soldiers and sailors at the stations.
In September the New York State Food Commission sent for the force to demonstrate at the
State Fair at Syracuse. This was considered a great compliment to the Buffalo agents and their
work there bore out this fact. Later the same exhibit was made at the Hamburg Fair in Erie
County with the best of results.
When the influenza epidemic came to Buffalo, Miss Alward and Miss Clayton of the staff
asked for leave to volunteer their services as dieticians at the City Hospital annex in Court
Street in the old Central High School. This was granted and they had charge of the Kitchen
during the worst of the scourge.
Just before the signing of the Armistice the Thrift Kitchen had perfected plans for carrying
on its winter work from six different points in the city with the intention of taking in still other
areas as fast as they could be developed. The close of the war automatically closed the New
York State Food Commission's service, and on the 15th day of January the entire Commission
resigned.
It seems fitting to call attention to the Food Pledge taken by more than 3,000 women in
Buffalo through the efforts of the Thrift Kitchen during Conservation week:
"We pledge to our country our best efforts to prevent the ivaste or the selfish
use of our food reserves. We pledge our loyal co-operation in carrying out
the conservation measures suggested by the Government.
"And if economy sometimes grows irksome or if this service works unwel-
come change in our accustomed manner of living, we will think of those
tvhose homes have been devastated. We will be glad that we, too, can serve
in satisfying their hunger, in renewing their courage, and in re-establishing
their homes."
Buffalo's Part in the World War 433
CHAPTER CXV
LOCAL HYGIENE LECTURE CAMPAIGN
ON December 17, 1918, a meeting was held at the Hotel Lenox, when a committee was chosen
to conduct the local work for the two months' Social Hygiene Lecture Campaign conducted
under the auspices of the War Department through the Commission on Training Camp
Activities, Section on Women's Work.
The women chosen to act on the committee were:
Mrs. Arthur E. Hedstrom, Chairman; Mrs. E. H. Butler, Miss Mary Cass, Dr. Susan Chase, Mrs. Daniel Des-
becker, Mrs. H. Osgood Holland, Mrs. J. G. Joseph, Mrs. Lewis G. Rogers, Mrs. John G. Wickser and Mrs. Max
Nowak.
There were nine local physicians appointed to give lectures, and with the assistance of five
medical experts sent from New York, 262 lectures were given.
The New York physicians were:
Dr. Esther L. Jeffries, Dr. Nancy Jennison, Dr. Emma Walker, Dr. Josephine H. Kenyon and Dr. Margaret
Sullivan.
Bufifalo physicians were:
Dr. Mary Sloan, Dr. Carre Croff, Dr. Ella Bergtold, Dr. Edith Lehnis, Dr. Christiana Greene, Dr. Marie Wolcott,
Dr. Helen Kuhlman, Dr. Edith Hatch and Dr. Nathalie K. Mankell.
Fifty-seven lectures were given in eighteen stores, attendance 7,545
Sixteen lectures were given in schools, attendance 3,782
Twenty-one lectures were given in twenty churches, attendance 2,143
Eighty-two lectures were given in fifty-six industries, attendance 12,683
Forty-two lectures were given in halls and clubs, attendance 6,407
Total in Buffalo 32,560
Two lectures given in Martinsville, attendance 200
One lecture given in East Aurora, attendance 125
Four lectures given in Tonawanda, attendance 1,275
Thirty-seven lectures given in Niagara Falls, attendance . .^ 3,444
Total * 37,604
Fourteen small stores co-operated with larger stores and the Young Women's Christian Associa-
tion.
Three industries, three stores, one church, one organization declined to have the lectures.
The film "How Life Begins" was shown nine times with an attendance of 3,200 and was
loaned three times to High Schools.
The film "The End of the Road" was shown five times with an attendance of 6,055.
434
Buffalo's Part in the World War
CHAPTER CXVI
FIVE LIBERTY LOAN CAMPAIGNS
WHEN the United States entered the great world war in the spring of 1917, it became im-
mediately evident to those who had given the slightest thought to our economic situa-
tion that Government financing would be called for on a scale hitherto undreamed. An
army of millions of men was to be raised, trained, equipped, transported and victualed, and billions
of dollars would be required for the operation. The predictions as to the financial requirements
of the Government were speedily to be borne out by the facts. The disbursements of the Treasury
for the fiscal year ending on June 30, 1918, were to reach $21,823,636,000 as compared with
$1,045,600,000 for the year which had ended on .June 30, 1914, while the disbursements for the
year to end on June 30, 1919, were to mount well up toward the thirty billion dollar mark.
These huge and almost inconceivable totals immediately indicated that extraordinary measures
were required. To finance such stupendous expenditures demanded more than tax levies and
imposts, more than a Federal Reserve Banking system, more than the brains and skill of the
captains of industry who left their desks to take positions without salary in the Treasury Depart-
ment at Washington. It directly involved the active participation of virtually every citizen in
the nation.
The financing of the United States Government during the period of the war was, therefore,
to become essentially a democratic and a national operation which would serve to make it per-
fectly evident that the citizens of this country had made up their minds to see the war through
to a successful conclusion no matter what the cost might be and would also assure the accomplish-
First Liberty Loan — Crowd Watching Start of Liberty Ball
This ball was pushed off at Buffalo City Hall and rolled to New York City. Each town on the route was pledged to keep it moving
Buffalo's Part in the World War
435
ment of this vital purpose in a sound and intelligent manner. The financing of the war by the
citizens of the United States has left a brilliant record on the pages of American history for all
time and has taught a lesson far-reaching in its effects upon all future Government financing in
every country.
From May 4, 1917, to May 10, 1919, the Treasury of the United States asked the American
people for $18,500,000,000 in five Liberty Loans. The nation responded with $24,065,810,350.
As its portion of the burden the Second Federal Reserve District, which includes the City of
Buflfalo, was called upon for $5,550,000,000 and answered with $7,665,275,900. The citizens of
Buffalo were asked for $216,471,800, and came forward with the magnificent total of $250,308,150
— a sum equal to more than half the assessed valuation of the real and personal property located
in the City of Buffalo.
The First Liberty Loan Campaign opened on May 4, 1917, and closed on June 15, 1917. The
Second campaign opened on October 1, 1917, and ended on October 27, 1917. The Third cam-
paign began on April 6, 1918, and ended May 4, 1918. The Fourth started on September 28,
1918, and closed on October 19, 1918, and the Fifth began on April 21, 1919, and ended May
10, 1919.
No careful records of subscribers or classification of subscriptions to the First Loan were kept
by the Federal Reserve Bank. It is therefore impossible to furnish a detailed statement of the
results of the First Liberty Loan Campaign in Buffalo. The Treasury Department announced
an offering of two billion dollars of 33^% First Liberty Bonds. The Second Federal Reserve
District was given a definite quota, but definite quotas were not given to the individual cities
through the country. Each city was expected to do its best, and it was suggested that Buff'alo
should furnish an aggregate of about $22,000,000. The total subscriptions numbered about 62,000
and aggregated $23,491,350.
Buffalo's magnificent I'ecord in the Second, Third, Fourth and Fifth Loans is revealed in the
following table taken from the report of Mrs. Edward H. Butler, Treasurer of the Buff'alo Liberty
Loan Committee, whose reports on the Fourth and Fifth Loans constitute the most important
public documents issued by any officer of the Buffalo Liberty Loan Committee in any of the
five campaigns.
COMPARATIVE TABULATION OF BUFFALO'S RECORD IN SECOND, THIRD,
FOURTH AND FIFTH LIBERTY LOANS
Second Liberty Third Liberty Fourth Liberty Fifth Liberty
Loan Loan Loan Loan
Quota $55,600,500 00 $30,876,600 00 $61,648,400.00 $46,346,300 00
Sales 58,720,200,00 39,920,650 00 66,583,700.00 61,283,950.00
Excess ot Sales over quota 3,119,700 00 9,044,050 00 4,935,300.00 14,937,650.00
Ratio of Sales to quota . 105' 7 129f( 108';, 131'*o
Number of Subscribers 137,382 174,533 196,706 160,488
Per Capita Subscription based on total number
of subscriptions $427 42 $228,70 $338.49 $381.86
Per Capita Subscription based on population . $129.16 $87.81 $146.45 $132 52
Ratio of subscriptions to population .... 1 bond to every 1 bond to every 1 bond to every 1 bond to every
3.3 persons 2.6 persons 2 31 persons 2.88 persons
Number of $50 subscriptions 92,390 135,856 120,998 107,985
Number of $100 subscriptions 33,797 25,576 55,316 36,347
Number of sales under $1,000 1.32,737 170,523 189,152 155,510
Aggregate of sales under $1,000 $10,500,000 00 $11,762,050 00 $15,596,800.00 $12,134,800 00
Number of sales of $1,000 and more .... 5,000 4,010 7,556 4,978
Aggregate of sales of $1,000 and more . . .$48,000,000.00 $28,158,600.00 $50,986,900 00 $49,149,150.00
From this tabulation and report it appears that Buffalo established the following remarkable
records:
The City's largest quota was in the Fourth Loan when the figure was fixed by the Federal
Reserve Bank at $61,648,400.
436
Buffalo's Part in the World War
LitertyLoa
j <yvb^cripj ior\s Received Hei
LEST I PERM
Buffalo's Part in the World War 437
In the Fifth Loan the excess of sales over quota was the greatest; the amount of excess reach-
ing $14,987,650 in that Loan.
In the Fifth Loan also the percentage of over-subscription was greatest; the ratio of sales to
quota being 131%.
The greatest number of subscriptions was obtained in the Fourth Loan when the figure reached
196,706.
The per capita subscription based on the total number of subscribers was highest in the Second
Loan when the amount was $427.42.
The highest per capita based on the entire population of the city was reached in the Fourth
Loan when it amounted to $146.45.
The Fourth Loan was the Loan most widely spread in the city. In that campaign one sub-
scription was obtained for every 2.31 of the population. The Third Loan ranked second in this
regard with one subscription for each 2.6 of the population. The Fifth Loan followed close behind
with one subscription for each 2.88 of the population.
Throughout the country one subscription was obtained for each five of the population.
Buffalo's record in spreading the sale of the various bond issues allotted to it to a point where
virtually half of the men, women and children of the city were bond buyers, was one of the
greatest achievements of the Buffalo Liberty Loan Organization, and marked the accomplishment
of one of its fixed purposes. It was the theory of the Committee that in selling the Government
securities, it was not only providing the Government with the means to finance the war, but
was also placing the mass of the population behind the Government and behind the war.
The greatest number of $50.00 subscriptions was obtained in the Third Loan when 135,856
such subscriptions were secured.
The greatest number of $100.00 subscriptions — 55,316 — was obtained in the Fourth Loan.
In the Fourth Loan there were 189,152 sales of less than $1,000.00 each, aggregating $15,596,800.
This was the largest number and largest amount in this group in any of the five campaigns.
The Fourth Loan also had the record for the largest number and amount of sales of $1,000.00
or more. The number was 7,556, and the amount $50,986,900.
Announcement of the First Liberty Loan came to the general public of Buffalo on May 4, 1917,
through telegraphic despatches to the local papers that Secretary McAdoo had appealed to the
banks, clearing houses and trust companies of the country to join with the Federal Reserve
Banks in securing the success of the Loan. While no authorization to receive applications had
been sent to the banks of the country, Buffalo on the following day was third in the nation on the
list for subscriptions, having a total of $4,010,000. This hearty response antedated by nearly
four days the announcement of the terms of the Loan. These initial purchases and those of the
next two weeks until May 23d, when the first Liberty Loan Committee was organized and an-
nounced, was an unorganized, spontaneous outburst of patriotism. It was interesting evidence of
the eagerness of the citizens of Buffalo to take shares in the great adventure of war to which our na-
tion was now committed. Led by the Buffalo Clearing House Association, local banks and broker-
age firms, the Bufi'alo Woman's Suft'rage Party, the Greater Buffalo Club, the Life Insurance Under-
writers, railroads, and Retail Merchants' Association, considerable headway was made with the
bond issue before the formal Liberty Loan organization took charge of the sales. On May 23d
the organization was completed and opened headquarters for the advertising and sale of bonds
at 302 Main Street.
The Chairman of the First Liberty Loan Committee was Elliott C. McDougal and associated
with him on the Executive Committee were: Arthur D. Bissell, Oliver Cabana Jr., William H.
Crosby, Myron S. Hall, Clifford Hubbell, John A. Kloepfer, George C. Miller, Harry T. Ramsdell,
George F. Rand, Carlton Smith and Henry Zeller. Myron S. Hall was Chairman of the Executive
Committee and in active charge of the sales campaigns. Sub-Committees reporting to the
Executive Committee were as follows: Bond Salesmen, J. N. Mandeville, Chairman; Subscrip-
tions, Howard Bissell, Chairman; Retail Merchants' Committee, Ralph C. Hudson, Chairman;
438
Buffalo's Part in the World War
Vanderbilt Stage Coach Leaving Buffalo for New York
Crowd cheering as Liberty Loan drive starts and the big stage is off on long trip
Publicity Committee, E. D.Anderson, Chairman; Women's Committee, Mrs. Dexter P. Rumsey,
Chairman; Speakers' Committee, Evan Hollister, Chairman; Fraternal Organizations' Committee,
Edwards D. Emerson, Chairman; Public Schools Committee, Superintendent Henry P. Emerson,
Chairman; Parochial Schools Committee, Henry J. Benson, Chairman.
The first campaign for Liberty Bonds, while it did not reach the same complexity of organiza-
tion that marked the work of the later Committees, employed many of the media of publicity
and sales utilized by their successors. News articles, newspaper display advertising, co-operation
of motion picture houses, speakers at plants, at club meetings and at social and business gather-
ings, organizations of women and women's clubs, all spurred on the work. Assistance of the
public and parochial schools, co-operation of the Boy Scouts, appeals from the clergy with special
appeal from Bishop Dougherty to the Catholic clergy and laymen, distribution of literature by
school children, and open air meetings at Lafayette Square lent vigor to the campaign. A clos-
ing event was the parade in which 4,000 young men newly registered under the Selective Draft
Act marched in review before Governor Whitman, followed by companies of police, firemen and
Home Defense units.
The result of $23,491,350 subscriptions to the First Liberty Loan as against a theoretical quota
of $22,000,000 was a splendid evidence of local patriotism. The subscriptions, however, were
somewhat limited to thelarger financial interests of the city and as yet the Liberty Loan message
had not in any general way reached into the heart and home of the city.
The Buffalo Liberty Organization as constituted at the close of the war came into being in
Septemter, 1917, at the opening of the Second Liberty Loan campaign. Up to that time no
adequate machinery existed either at Washington, in the Federal Reserve centers, or throughout
the country for the handling of these great issues of national securities. The marketing of the
first series of Liberty Bonds was handled largely by the banking and financial interests of the
LInited States, but their organizations proved inadequate to meet the demands of a campaign
Buffalo's Part in the World War 439
designed to drive the personal message of the world war into the heart of every American and to
place Government bonds in the home of every patriotic citizen in the land.
To conduct such a campaign it was essential that there be created in every community a selling
organization which would reach every person located therein. The success or failure of so com-
prehensive and searching a plan rested in large measure upon the choice of its leader. The Treasury
Department at Washington scored one of its most brilliant successes when it selected Walter P.
Cooke to undertake the organization of Government Loan work in Buffalo. Of engaging person-
ality, wide business experience gained in the direction of many great business enterprises, a banker,
lawyer and executive of the highest ability, he was respected, esteemed, trusted and affectionately
admired by the entire community in which he had spent his life. Upon taking up the arduous
duties of Chairman he became a center of activity and influence around which four great Liberty
Loan organizations pivoted, guided and inspired by his constant energy and acumen.
The construction, almost over night, of an organization that reached every man, woman and
child in the community and that brought the Liberty Bond into every home, office, plant and
workshop in the City of Buffalo, was Mr. Cooke's greatest contribution to the war. In the months
that followed he was to lead that organization when it sold to Buffalonians over $58,000,000 of
Second Liberty Bonds, almost $40,000,000 of Third Liberty Bonds, over $66,000,000 of Fourth
Liberty Bonds and almost $62,000,000 of Fifth Liberty Bonds.
Four days before the opening of the Second Liberty Loan Campaign on October 1, 1917, and
after the Federal Reserve Bank of New York had given Buffalo a quota of $55,600,500, Mr.
Cooke was appointed Chairman of the Buffalo Liberty Loan Committee. The Committee, as
named by Governor Benjamin Strong of the Federal Bank of New York, was composed of: Walter
P. Cooke, Chairman; Frank B. Baird, Edward H. Butler, Charles Clifton, .Jesse C. Dann, Louis
P. Fuhrmann, Charles L. Gurney, Myi'on S. Hall, Charles R. Huntley, Edward L. Koons, John
D. Larkin, Charles Kennedy, Charles H. McCullough, Jr., Elliott C. McDougal, James H. Mc-
Nulty, Robert W. Pomeroy, Harry T. Ramsdell and George F. Rand. On the same evening the
newly appointed leader left for New York to confer with the officials of the Federal Bank, taking
with him George D. Crofts to assist in studying the plans of the Liberty Loan Organization of
the Second Federal Reserve District.
In New York during the three succeeding days and in Buffalo on Sunday, September 30th,
the plan of the Buffalo Liberty Loan Organization was constructed and charted and that plan
never changed any fundamental part from that day to the close of the Fifth and last Campaign.
It contemplated, on the eve of the opening of the Loan, a Publicity Department made up of the
bureaus which became its principal subdivisions for four successive campaigns, and a sales organ-
ization with selling committees in each of the eighty or more trades and professions, in the schools
and fraternal organizations and among the women and the public employees of the city. The
original scheme of the organization contemplated also a District Canvassing Committee corres-
ponding to the Metropolitan Canvassing Committee of New York, and which in later loans
found its expression in the Flying Squadron.
The structure of this proposed organization was fundamentally sound because, as Mr. Cooke
with his clear vision could see, it distributed through the citizenship of Buffalo, responsibility for
the success or failure of the campaign — it took the responsibility from the financial interests and
placed it squarely on the shoulders of the men and women of the city, acting through the hundred
or more sub-divisions of the proposed sales organization. This distribution of responsibility for
success or failure was the more definitely fixed when Edward J. Barcalo contributed the thought,
later nationally adopted, of giving to each selling committee an arbitrary quota just as the Federal
Bank of New York had arbitrarily given a definite quota to the City of Buffalo.
To the casual observer passing 302 Main Street on Monday morning, October 1, 1917, the
Second Liberty Loan Campaign was not opening auspiciously. While in New York Mr. Cooke
had obtained from the American Express Company the use of the premises at No. 302 Main
Street as the headquarters for his Committee. The premises were, however, filled with tons of
440
Buffalo's Part in the World War
unclaimed express packages, and at eight o'clock on the morning of the opening of the campaign,
Mr. Cooke, with John L. Tiernon, Jr., whom he had named Treasurer and Office Manager of the
organization, and George D. Crofts, Director of Publicity, were on the scene directing the removal
of the material from the proposed headquarters. Before noon the place had been cleared, desks
installed, and a sign announcing "Liberty Loan Headquarters" hung over the door.
During the afternoon of the first day of the campaign Mr. Cooke reached out from his desk
at headquarters for the men whom he had chosen to operate the General Committees and the
Committee on General Distribution; Mr. Crofts reached out for the heads of the Publicity
Organization; and Mr. Tiernon created an office force and installed the headquarters' equipment.
On Tuesday morning, October 2d, A. G. Bartholomew joined the organization as Assistant
Director of Publicity and Albert L. Kinsey as Manager of the Advertising Bureau of the Pub-
licity Department. Later in the same day Alex F. Osborn, Alfred H. Kirchhofer and Albert M.
Chambers joined the ranks as heads respectively of the Features Bureau, News Bureau and
Supply and Service Bureau. By noon on that day the Publicity Department was a going concern
with all the life and vigor and spirit that characterized its work to the very close of the Fifth
Loan, and under the leadership of the same group of men who shaped its policies through four
brilliant campaigns.
At noon on Tuesday, October 2d, Mr. Cooke called together at luncheon at the Ellicott Club
the men whom he had chosen as his Executive Committee. There were present: Frank B. Baird,
Edward J. Barcalo, George D. Crofts, Jesse C. Dann, Myron S. Hail, Ralph C. Hudson and
James H. McNulty. Mr. Cooke laid before the Committee the chart of the proposed organiza-
tion with James H. McNulty as head of the .selling organization and George D. Crofts as head
of the Publicity and Educational side of the organization. Later that afternoon at the Buffalo
Scene at Main and Genesee Streets During Liberty Loan Campaign
Buffalo's Part in the World War 441
Club the second meeting of the general committee was held. Before it Mr. Cooke laid his plan
of organization and it was adopted without alteration. On the same afternoon Albert M. Chambers
Manager of the Supply and Service Bureau, began to spread over the city the truck-loads of
Liberty Loan posters and literature which Mr. Cooke and Mr. Crofts had brought back with
them from New York, so that on Wednesday morning from every store window in the business
section of the city shone the announcement that Liberty Bonds of the Second Series were on
sale in Buffalo.
On Wednesday, October 3d, the General Distribution Committee, which was to have charge
of the sales organization, and which consisted of James H. McNulty, Chairman, John H. Baker,
Secretary, Frank B. Baird, Edward J. Barcalo, Charles L. Couch, Jesse C. Dann, Ralph C.
Hudson, .James N. Mandeville and William F. MacGlashan opened its headquarters in the Direct-
ors' room of the Chamber of Commerce, and began at once the work of making up the member-
ship of the eighty or more trade committees called for in Mr. Cooke's plan of organization, and
of building up the prospect lists to be used by the salesmen of the various selling committees.
On October 3d also the Division Chiefs of the Advertising Bureau joined the Publicity force.
Carl J. Balliett was in charge of the Space Division; Ernest D. Anderson in charge of the Copy
Division; Ray A. Hummell in charge of the Outdoor Advertising Division; William A. V. Mack
in charge of the Theater Division; and Francis J. Rohr in charge of the Street Car Advertising
Division.
By Thursday, October 4th, the quarters at 302 Main Street throbbed with excitement. The
entire organization, save the General Distribution Committee, was there huddled together in a
space scarcely equal to one-seventh of that required to house that organization in its subsequent
campaigns. In their order from the entrance the desks bore the legends: "John L. Tiernon, Jr.,
Treasurer and Office Manager, Walter F. Stafford, Assistant"; "Charles J. Monroe, Manager
Automobile Bureau"; "George D. Crofts, Director of Publicity," "A. G. Bartholomew, Assistant
Director of Publicity"; "Albert L. Kinsey, Manager Advertising Bureau"; "Carl J. Balliett,
Copy Division"; and "Alex F. Osborn, Manager Features Bureau"; while across the room
were Roscoe R. Mitchell, Manager of the Speakers Bureau, and his assistant, James W. Persons;
the four members of the organization's stenographic force, and the Committee's telephone switch-
board. In the rear half of the headquarters, occupying a space about 20 x 40 were the desks of
Mrs. Theodore M. Pomeroy, Chairman of the Women's Committee, Albert M. Chambers, Mana-
ger of the Supply and Service Bureau, A. G. Haselbauer, Manager of the Subscriptions Depart-
ment, and Walter P. Cooke, General Chairman. In a space scarcely 10 x 10 Mr. Chambers was
to handle over 2,600,000 pieces of Second Loan advertising matter and in a space but little larger
Mr. Haselbauer was to receive and pass on to the Buffalo banks subscriptions aggregating more
than $35,000,000.
On Friday, October 5th, all the guns were in action at the headquarters, with the Publicity
Department laying down a fine barrage to clear the way for the selling organization which was
rapidly coming into the line.
On Monday evening, October 8th, the beginning of the second week of the campaign, all the
members of the General Committee, the Publicity Organization, and the Chairman and Sec-
retaries of the Trades committees attended an organization dinner at the Iroquois Hotel. This
group of about two hundred men had been carefully and deliberately selected and although
many of its members were little known in the city at large, it speedily proved to be one of the
most aggressive, daring and resourceful organizations that Buffalo has ever known. The meet-
ing had a serious and determined atmosphere and at its conclusion the Chairman said to one of
his associates, " I do not know that we can raise $55,000,000 in this city in the next three weeks
but I do know that the men who are here to-night will get every last available dollar there is to
be had." On October 27th, at the dinner which marked the triumphant conclusion of the Cam-
paign, Mr. Cooke mounted a chair on entering the room and said, " I cannot keep you men and
women waiting to learn the wonderful result of your work. At six o'clock to-night your total
442
Buffalo's Part in the World War
^ Shall we be morp
Y tender with our
\ doll«r«thfin with
t he Uvea of oar sons
Buy a United States Government Bond ohhe
Z^LIBERTTLQAN
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I .
Our D add y is fighting
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Back him up - Buy a
United Sidles Govt Bond of tin.
HELP AMERICAS SONS
WIN THE WAR
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ih
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2'"'Liben7Loan of I9l7
Buffalo's Part in the World War 443
sales amounted to Fifty-eight Million ", but in the din that followed his concluding figures
were never heard.
Emphasis has been laid on the organization of the Second Liberty Loan Campaign because
that Campaign was the Organization's greatest test and its greatest achievement. For subse-
quent campaigns, the organization to conduct the work was in existence ; on the eve of the Second
Campaign there was no organization. To the preparation of plans for the conduct of the Third,
Fourth and Fifth Campaigns weeks and months were devoted, and everything was in readiness
on the initial day of the Campaign. For the Second Loan the plans were developed from day to
day as the necessities of the situation demanded.
The history of the Liberty Loan Campaigns in Buffalo resolves itself into a description of how
the bonds were advertised and how the bonds were sold. Chronologically the work of the Pub-
licity Department in recommending the securities to the prospective purchasers precedes the
work of the Distribution Department in selling the securities to those purchasers. Practically
the organization of the Publicity Department preceded the organization of the Distribution
Department. It came into existence on October 1, 1917, at the opening of the Second Loan, and
continued in existence as an active organization until the close of June, 1919. Because of the
nature of the work of the Publicity Department, its force was never able to disband between
Loans, nor could its activities lapse. For these reasons the work of the Publicity Department is
here first recorded.
PUBLICITY DEPARTMENT
In the Second Campaign the Department heads were George D. Crofts, Director of Publicity
and A. G. Bartholomew, Assistant Director of Publicity. In the Third, Fourth and Fifth Cam-
paigns, Mr. Crofts served as Vice-Chairman of the general organization and Mr. Bartholomew
as Director of Publicity. Albert L. Kinsey, Manager of the Advertising Bureau in the Second,
Third, Fourth and Fifth Loans was Assistant Director of Publicity in the Fifth Loan.
The primary function of the Publicity Department was to make the whole city know that the
Government needed vast sums of money for the prosecution of the war and was seeking to raise
it by the sale of Government Bonds. The Department not only carried out the purpose of its
organization but proved to be the Government's greatest propaganda agency in "selling the war"
to the people of Buffalo. Its productions were always dignified, often struck a high spiritual note,
and sought to put the whole city in the frame of mind of the men and women of Buffalo whose
sons were enduring the hardships of war on the other side of the Atlantic. As a by-product of
its work it changed the psychology of the city in its view of itself. It taught the city to believe
and trust in itself.
At the opening of the Third Loan when men were apprehensive of success and when it was
generally felt that the city had been drained of every available dollar but a few months before,
and that $30,000,000 of new money had not yet come back into circulation in the city, the Depart-
ment boldly broke out, over the entrance to the City Hall, a Banner bearing the seal of the city,
the inscription "Buffalo's Quota $30,876,600," and the slogan "Buffalo Never Fails." It was a
daring thing to do because Buffalo had in the past failed in not a few of her undertakings and
because some of the most substantial citizens were predicting her failure in the Third Loan. Dur-
ing the four succeeding weeks this reassuring message confronted one everywhere and created a
feeling of optimism that the city could not fail to attain its goal. The message was false in the
beginning, then it was believed to be true, and finally it became an expression of the real truth,
for in none of its great war activities did the city ever fail. Though the slogan was never again
used in subsequent Liberty Loan campaigns it was used in many another campaign and has
become one of the tenets of the creed of the city. By the spring of 1919 Buffalonians had come
to feel that their city could not fail in any great and noble undertaking and they found their
own convictions expressed in the beautiful civic creed which at that time came from the brilliant
pen of Glen Bartholomew.
Before the opening of the Fourth Loan the Department produced a slogan which proved to
444
Buffalo's Part in the World War
Chairman Walter P. Cooke and Mayor Buck at the City Hall at the Opening Exercises of the Third Loan
be the best piece of advertising used anywhere in the nation in any of the five Liberty Loan
campaigns. It was the slogan "Double The Third" which was immediately adopted by the
Liberty Loan Committee of New York and was soon taken up by the Treasury Department
and used throughout the nation. The slogan was the product of careful thought and was based
on a sound principle. The Government had asked the nation for three billion dollars in the spring
of 1918, thirty million dollars from Buffalo. During the summer of that year word seeped through
from Washington that in the fall the Government would ask for six billion dollars of which Buffalo's
share would be sixty million, or double its quota to the Third Loan. This lofty goal could easily
be attained if every subscriber to the Third Loan doubled his subscription to the Fourth. " Double
The Third" became the watchword. It swept aside all question of whether the men and women
of Buffalo would subscribe to the Loan — it took all that for granted — and left as the single thought
the mandate or appeal to double the subscription to the earlier Loan that the city might fulfil
the obligation placed upon it.
The artistic character of the Department's work and the dignified and spiritual nature of its
appeal were nowhere better exemplified than in the Avenue of the Allies and the Victory Memorial
of the Fifth Loan. From Huron Street, or from Seneca Street to Lafayette Square, Main Street
was canopied with the colors of the Allies — England and Canada, France, Belgium, Italy and
the United States. The flags of the United States adorned the blocks at the head and foot of the
Avenue and the block from Eagle to Court Streets; the Union Jacks of England flew in the
block from Court to Mohawk ; the blue, white and red standards of France from North Division
to Eagle; the black, yellow and red of Belgium from South Division to North Division; and the
emblems of Italy from Mohawk to Huron. From every first story window in the Avenue hung a
flag with a border of red and a field of white bearing in blue the slogan "Buffalo Will See It
Through," while from the two floors above hung the flags of the nation to which the block had
been dedicated, the flags from the windows going up to meet great banners suspended over the
street at intervals through the block. No man or woman with any soul could pass beneath that
Buffalo's Part in the World War 445
canopy of color without having his mind soar across the seas to Louvain, to the Marne, to the
Yser, to the Somme, to the Piave, to Chateau Thierry, to Mt. Kemmel, to St. Mihiel, to the
Argonne and to the horrors and sacrifices of it all ; nor could he pass the Memorial without a
thrill of solemn pride in the noble part which Buffalo — his Buffalo — had had in the great struggle.
The Department which created these fine things, which put the heart and the sentiment in
the Liberty Loan campaigns, was dominated by A. G. Bartholomew, Director of Publicity. With
real creative genius he originated a large part of the plans developed by his Department and
with quick and unerring discrimination in values he passed upon the productions of those under
him. Every important plan of his organization passed under his scrutiny. He kept in constant
contact with the work of his bureaus, co-ordinating their efforts, and driving them at top speed,
but always treating his associates with a thoughtfulness and consideration which won their
esteem and affectionate regard. His reports of the Third, Fourth and Fifth campaigns in Buffalo
are among the most valuable contributions to the history of the financing of America's part in
the war. He is one of the men to whom the citizens of Buffalo are most deeply indebted for the
great success of the Liberty Loan campaigns in this city.
There were four Bureaus in the Publicity Department as organized by Director of Publicity
Crofts in the Second Loan: The Advertising Bureau; the Features Bureau; the News Bureau
and the Supply and Service Bureau. Prior to the Third Loan an Education Bureau was created
to prosecute propaganda work in the congested and foreign centers of the city where Liberty
Loans and the causes of the war were not generally understood. At the same time an Art Bureau
was established to take over the work of producing illustrations for newspaper display advertis-
ing which had been handled in the Advertising Bureau during the Second Loan. A Clipping
Bureau, to read, clip, post, file and index all Liberty Loan news and advertising matter appear-
ing in the Buffalo papers during the campaigns was organized to take over and develop the clip-
ping handled in the Advertising Bureau during the Second Loan. At the same time, too, the
Miscellaneous Publications Bureau was created to edit "Over the Top," the daily house organ
of the Liberty Loan Committee, which had been edited under the direction of the Manager of
the Features Bureau in the Second Loan. To this new Bureau was also delegated the work of
placing Liberty Loan copy in the house organs, trade papers, church and fraternal bulletins and
other miscellaneous publications prior to the opening of each Liberty Loan campaign, and dur-
ing each campaign.
In the Fifth Loan the Speakers' Bureau which nominally had reported direct to the Executive
Committee, but which practically, because of the nature of its work, had operated as a sub-
division of the Publicity Organization, became a Bureau of the Pubhcity Department.
Advertising Bureau. — When Mr. Crofts took charge of Publicity in the Second Loan he was
fortunate in securing as head of the Advertising Bureau of the Department, Albert L. Kinsey,
whose genius in advertising made him one of the most valuable men in the entire organization.
Through four successive campaigns Mr. Kinsey conducted his Bureau in a masterly way, devising
many ingenious schemes of advertising and putting them promptly into execution. He operated
his Bureau through five divisions: Space, Copy, Out-door Advertising, Theater and Street Car
Advertising.
During the Second Loan the Space Division was headed by Carl J. Balliett. In the Third,
Fourth and Fifth Loans the Division was made up of Clinton R. Wyckoff, William Warren
Smith and Howard C. Laverack. The Division got its name from the fact that it was designed
primarily to raise funds for the purchase of display advertising space in the Buffalo papers. The
moneys raised by it, however, constituted the general publicity fund, used for defraying all expenses
for which the Federal Bank of New York would not reimburse the local Committee. The Divi-
sion raised $14,384.00 in the Second campaign; $25,370.00 in the Third; $25,876.87 in the Fourth;
and $22,975.00 in the Fifth.
The Copy Division produced the copy for the newspaper display advertising. In the Second,
Fourth and Fifth campaigns Ernest D. Anderson headed the division while in the Third Loan
446
Buffalo's Part in the World War
it was in charge of Edward B. Houseal. In each Loan the advertising program was so built that the
appeal was directed to the heart and the conscience of the city. P. Randolph Campbell, who was
later killed in action in France, produced most of the full page advertisements for the Second Loan.
In the Fourth Loan much of the advertising copy which had been prepared in advance of the
Campaign was discarded because of the changed conditions resulting from the closing of all public
places as a result of the Influenza Epidemic and the discontinuance of transportation facilities
because of the Street Railway strike. In this emergency two members of the Division, Francis
B. Frazeeand William G. Bryan, gave practically their entire time to the production of new copy.
Almost all the display advertisements for the Fifth Campaign were written by Mr. Frazee. They
were illustrated by C. J. Munro. No better copy was produced in Buffalo or in any other city
in any of the five campaigns.
The Out-Door Advertising Division was in charge of Ray A. Hummell during the Second
Loan, and in charge of William J. Ferris during the Third, Fourth and Fifth Campaigns. In all
of the Loans the work of the Division was splendid. Billboards and bulletin boards containing
Liberty Loan advertisements covered the city. Most of the banks and important business houses
in the downtown section, and many of the merchants in the outlying districts erected large signs
at their own expense. In conspicuous places throughout the whole city the Outdoor Advertising
Division erected thirty-foot boards, splendidly illustrated, reproducing the best of the Liberty
Loan posters furnished by the Treasury Department.
The Theater Division was managed by William A. V. Mack in the Second and Fifth Loans,
by D. J. Savage in the Third Loan, and by Clayton Sheehan in the Fourth Loan. The booking
and distribution of Liberty Loan slides and moving picture films was handled admirably by the
Division. In the Third Campaign a 500 foot film of the opening day parade was billed through-
out the show houses of the city, while a film entitled "Swat The Kaiser" featuring Douglas
Dedication of Memorial Tablet at Opening of Fourth Loan
G. A. R. Men remove Stars and Stripes from list of Buffalo's dead during course of address by Chaplain-Captain Williams
Rector of St. Mary's-on-the-Hill
Buffalo's Part in the World War 447
Fairbanks, and one entitled "Colby's Night Attack on New York" featuring the Secretary of
the Treasury, McAdoo, were similarly booked for a city-wide showing. In the Fourth Loan
the Division obtained control of a large quantity of moving picture film, featuring patriotic and
Liberty Loan propaganda, and with the co-operation of the film exchanges pooled these films
for use throughout the city. By this arrangement, which was also carried out in the Fifth Cam-
paign, each film was circulated to its capacity. The Theater Division had excellent displays of
posters in all of the theaters and a special display of banners on the outside of the buildings, in
the lobbies, and on the screens and curtains. By the use of slides. Liberty Loan slogans were
constantly kept before the eye of the theater-goer.
In all of the Loans the advertising possibilities of the street cars were utilized and in greater
degree with each succeeding campaign. Barron G. Collier, Inc., through Francis J. Rohr, generously
donated a set of display cards advertising the Loan and furnished in all the Campaigns the space
for their display in the street cars of the city. The windows of the cars were used for the display
of Liberty Loan posters and announcements. In the Fourth Loan Albert L. Kinsey, Manager
of the Advertising Bureau, appreciating the value of bulletins which could be kept on the move,
arranged with the Street Railway Company to carry on the front of every street car a board
two feet square bearing the Fourth Loan slogan "Double The Third." The slogan was depicted
on a red, white and blue target, the insignia borne on the wings of the American Aeroplanes.
The words "Double The Third" were in white letters on a blue field and were circled by white
and red outer rings. The trade mark was used as a "teaser" advertising campaign for a week
before the opening of the Fourth Loan. Nowhere in the City could one go without being con-
fronted by one of these striking bullseyes on every telephone, telegraph and electric light and
trolley pole, bearing the mysterious command to "Double The Third." In the Fifth Loan Mr.
Kinsey utilized the same boards on all of the cars to carry the Fifth Loan trademark and slogan —
a Service Flag bearing the words "Buffalo Will See It Through." On the red bordered, white
field of the Service Flag appeared the blue service star. Above the star were the words "Buffalo
Will;" and below it "See It Through." Mr. Kinsey in the Fifth Loan also obtained from the
Street Railway Company the use of the outer sides of the cars above the windows. In these
spaces, on both sides of every car in service, he erected fourteen foot boards which carried appeal-
ing Liberty Loan slogans. The co-operation received from the Street Car Company was whole-
hearted and inspiring.
FEATURES BUREAU
The Features Bureau was organized in the Second Loan with Alex F. Osborn at the head under
whose skillful management it operated in the Second, Third and Fifth campaigns. Mr. Osborn
conducted the work of the Bureau on a high level of dignity and forcefulness and originated many
of the plans which went so far toward lifting the campaigns from the trivial and commonplace
and putting them on a really high spiritual plane. During the Fourth Loan Harold B. Franklin
and his assistant Daniel S. White were in charge of the Bureau, Mr. Osborn having been called
to New York to undertake important work with the National Committee in charge of the LInited
War Workers Campaign. Mr. Franklin had worked as an assistant to Mr. Osborn in the Second
and Third campaigns and succeeded splendidly with his work. No small part of the great success
of the Features Bureau in all of the campaigns was due to the work of A. B. Wright, Glenn F.
Gaskill, Malcolm E. Gregg, Robert 0. Patten and Robert F. Paviour.
One of the greatest successes of the Features Bureau was the Mothers' Parade which was held
April 6, 1918, the opening day of the Third campaign. The parade started at three o'clock. At
its head was the Liberty Day Committee, followed by the aged veterans of the Grand Army of
the Republic. Then followed the Motor Corps Girls, and the mothers of the boys of Buffalo who
were in the Military and Naval service of the United States. The mothers were marshalled in
sixteen divisions from the sixteen draft districts of the city. Each mother carried a service flag —
one bearing four stars. The presence in the parade of the women who had contributed their sons
to the great struggle in Europe was well calculated to leave in the public mind the thought that
448
Buffalo's Part in the World War
Buffalo's Part in the World War 449
any sacrifice which the men and women of Buffalo might make in the purchase of Government secu-
rities was but sHght and trivial compared with the sacrifice which these heroic mothers had made.
On Saturday afternoon, September 28, 1918, at Lafayette Square, at the opening of the Fourth
Campaign, occurred another of the great successes of the Features Bureau. On that occasion a
bronze memorial tablet was erected by the Liberty Loan organization to the memory of the
Buffalo men who had given their lives in the war for democracy. The speakers were Rev. George
F. Williams, (Chaplain) Rev. Father Britt, (Chaplain) and Rabbi Louis Kopald. Rabbi Kopald
opened the exercises with an address commemorating the men who had given their lives to save
the Union in the Sixties. An enlisted man from the Army and another from the Navy then mounted
the steps of the Soldiers' and Sailors' Monument and placed on the shaft a wreath in honor of
the Civil War heroes. Chaplain Williams delivered an address commemorating the heroes who
had laid down their lives in France and Flanders since our entry into the War. A detail of Grand
Army veterans marched to the bronze tablet which was being dedicated by the Liberty Loan
organization and drew aside the American Flag which veiled it. Father Britt followed with the
direct Liberty Loan appeal "Shall Their Sacrifice Be In Vain?" A firing squad fired a volley,
the bugler sounded "Taps" and the great concourse of people that had assembled for the exercises
went away with the realization that it was their solemn duty to make the Fourth Liberty Loan
the complete success which its predecessors had been in this city.
Still another of the truly great successes of the Features Bureau was the Victory Memorial of
the Fifth Loan. The memorial was located at Lafayette Square and took the form of a semi-
circular colonnade which centered on the Soldiers' and Sailors' Monument. From the top of the
monument hung an outspread service flag with border of blue and field of white surmounted by
a single gold star across the face of which were the figures "637," bearing solemn and mute testi-
mony to the number of Buffalo boys who had made the supreme sacrifice on the altar of their
country. A dozen shafts each forty-five feet in height formed the colonnade. From the top of
each was suspended an American flag and below each flag was a shield on which was emblazoned
the name of a battle in which the Buffalo heroes had taken part. A screen of laurel, fifteen feet
high, stretched between the shafts and formed the base. The memorial was dedicated on April
23d. Three short addresses were made, one by Samuel B. Botsford, President of the Chamber
of Commerce; another by Chaplain Walter F. Fornes of the 106th Field Artillery and the final
address by Dr. S. V. V. Holmes.
The work of the Liberty Loan Committee in the churches of the city was handled through the
Features Bureau and was one of its most important lines of activity. In the Third, Fourth and
Fifth campaigns it was handled by a Committee of the Bureau known as the Ministers' Further-
ance Committee. Rev. George F. Williams of Saint Mary's-on-the-Hill was Chairman during the
Third and Fourth campaigns; and Rev. Murray S. Howland during the Fifth campaign. The
work in the Catholic churches, which was identical with the work in the Protestant churches,
came directly under the Rt. Rev. Bishop Dougherty and his assistant. Chancellor Walsh; and,
later, under the Rt. Rev. Bishop Turner and his assistant. Chancellor Britt. The co-operation
shown by the Protestant ministers, the Catholic clergy and the Jewish Rabbis was most inspir-
ing. The clergy of the city urged subscriptions to the Liberty Loans on every possible occasion —
in the Sunday Schools, in the men's and women's clubs, as well as upon every occasion of public
worship. In each of the campaigns a Liberty Loan Sunday was observed at which the church
services or a part of them were of a distinctly patriotic character, with patriotic hymns, special
sermons, prayers for the protection of those on the battle fronts and memorial services for those
who had given their lives. It is impossible to overstate the value to the Liberty Loan organiza-
tion of the work done in the churches of the city.
The Features Bureau by parades, entertainments and a multitude of other spectacles joined
with the other bureaus of the Publicity Department in focusing the thought of the whole city on
the sale of the securities by which the Government was to finance its gigantic war operations
and lend aid to its Allies.
450 Buffalo's Part in the World War
The most distinctive production of the Features Bureau in the Second Loan was the replica of
the United States Treasury building which was erected in Lafayette Square. It was designed
by Harold B. Franklin and was opened with appropriate ceremonies by Chairman Walter P.
Cooke. In the Third Loan the building was erected at the corner of Fillmore Avenue and Broad-
way. For this re-dedication the Polish Regimental Band came from Niagara Falls, Liberty Loan
speeches were made in English and in Polish, Chairman Cooke speaking on behalf of the Liberty
Loan organization and Maxwell N. Nowak for the Polish citizens of the city.
In the Second Loan the events of Liberty Loan Day, October 24, 1917, included a Women's
Mass Meeting at the Elmwood Music Hall at which Judge Cuthbert W. Pound of the Court of
Appeals, John Mitchell of the New York Food Commission and Mrs. Theodore M. Pomeroy,
Chairman of the Women's Committee of the Buffalo Liberty Loan Committee, were the speakers;
a mass meeting of twelve thousand school children in Broadway Auditorium addressed by Chair-
man Walter P. Cooke and Mr. John Mitchell; and a night parade in charge of A. B. Wright.
The marchers assembled at North Street and Elmwood Avenue. In spite of a heavy downpour
and a bleak November gale, the Liberty Loan workers headed by Chairman Cooke and the
General Committee marched to the Broadway Auditorium where the mass meeting was addressed
by Senator James W. Wadsworth, Jr., and John Mitchell.
The Features Bureau staged the auspicious opening of the Third Loan on April 6th with a
parade of Liberty Loan workers and appropriate exercises at the City Hall. At 11.30 on that
morning five hundred of the members of the Liberty Loan organization assembled in front of
the headquarters at Nos. 11-19 West Swan Street and marched through Main Street to Genesee
to Franklin to the City Hall where a great crowd had assembled. Mayor Buck received the
workers and presented to Chairman Cooke a banner bearing the seal of the city and the words
"Third Liberty Loan. Quota $.30,876,600. Buffalo Never Fails". Mr. Cooke accepted the flag
and pledged the organization to return it at the conclusion of the campaign with the word "Vic-
tory" written across its folds. The pledge was made good.
In the Third Loan the Features Bureau handled the visit to Buffalo of Hon. Josephus Daniels,
Secretary of the Navy. Mr. Daniels' visit occurred on April 9, 1918. He called at the Liberty
Loan headquarters in West Swan Street, attended a Liberty Loan luncheon given in his honor
at the Statler Hotel, and with Roscoe R. Mitchell, who had just returned from a visit to the
battlefronts in connection with his work for the Hoover Commission, addressed a mass meeting
of ten thousand persons assembled at the Broadway Auditorium. The guard of honor which
escorted Secretary Daniels to the Statler Hotel at noon was composed of a battalion of the 74th
Regiment under the command of Captain Ansley Sawyer, while the escort which accompanied
him to the Broadway Auditorium in the evening was made up of Troop I under the command
of Captain Mathiesen.
In this Loan also Secretary of the Treasury, William G. McAdoo visited the City. He arrived
on the afternoon of April 30, 1918, took dinner with about six hundred Liberty Loan workers
at the Iroquois Hotel and addressed a mass meeting at the Elmwood Music Hall in the evening
and an overflow meeting at the Hutchinson-Central High School.
Liberty Day in the Third Loan was April 26th. The gi-eat parade was directed by A. B. Wright,
Marshal, and Malcolm E. Gregg, and was handled with all the skill that had marked their han-
dling of the Liberty Day parade in the Second Loan and the parade which ushered in the Third
campaign. From curb to store front Main Street from the Terrace to Tupper Street was jammed
with onlookers. At the head of the column marched the Liberty Loan Committee followed by
the 106th Supply Train, LT. S. A. Next came Brigadier General Babcock and staff of the 4th
Brigade followed by the 74th Regiment, the 3d Field Artillery and Troop I. Then came over
five thousand school children whose fathers or brothers were in the armies or navy of the United
States. In their midst, mounted on a spirited gray steed, rode Miss Georgia Forman as Joan of
Arc in shining armor and bearing the standard of France. The Motor Girls, Camp Fire Girls,
Girl Scouts and the Cadets of the Buffalo High Schools also took part in the pageant. Like every
Buffalo's Part in the World War
451
parade which the Features Bureau launched in any of the Loans, the event stirred the city to
its depths.
Among the features handled by the Bureau during the Fourth Loan were the patriotic con-
certs given on Sunday afternoons in the Elmwood Music Hall by the Municipal Orchestra under
the direction of John Lund; the patriotic singing at McKinley Monument on October 5th of a
Liberty Loan chorus of three thousand children of the public schools of Buffalo; the visit of the
Italian Grenadier Band which gave a concert at the Lafayette Memorial Arch and at the Broad-
way Auditorium on October 7th; the visit of the French Band on October 8th and its concert
at the Broadway Auditorium; the visit of a detail of Bersaglieri from the Italian fighting front
on October 11th; the concerts of Sousa's Great Lakes Band on October 12th and the Liberty
Loan Labor parade on October 16th.
Secretary and Mrs. McAdoo Campaigning at Buffalo for Liberty Loan
The final event of the Bureau's program in the Fourth Loan was a Liberty Loan parade which
took place on October 17th. Grand Marshal, A. B. Wright, and his indispensable aid, Malcolm
E. Gregg, arranged every detail. At the head of the parade were Mayor Buck and the City Com-
missioners with Chairman Walter P. Cooke and the Liberty Loan Committee next in line. Then
in order came the Fourth Brigade, headed by Brigadier General Louis L. Babcock, the Grand
Army Veterans, the Motor Corps Girls and the Red Cross and Y. W. C. A. workers. The Buffalo
Fire Department was represented by all types of its equipment and the closing division was made
up of industrial Liberty Loan floats which had been used in the labor parade of the preceding
night.
The Bureau opened the Fifth Loan with a Victory memorial service at Elmwood Music Hall,
Easter Sunday afternoon, April 20th. The speakers were Lieutenant-Colonel Theodore Roosevelt
and Chaplain John C. Ward of the 108th Infantry. On behalf of the soldiers of Buffalo, Chaplain
Ward presented to the city, in memory and in honor of their comrades who did not come back,
452 Buffalo's Part in the World War
the great service flag which was to be the dominating feature of the Victory Memorial during
the weeks of the campaign.
On April 26th the bureau handled the visit of the Victory Coast Artillery Train; on April
30th the visit of Rear Admiral William S. Sims; on May 2d the visit of the Flying Circus made
up of eleven American Aces just back from France, and Pershing's Headquarters Band composed
of one hundred and fifteen of the best musicians in the American Expeditionary Forces. Victory
Loan Day was Saturday, May 3d, and the Victory parade was under the management of Grand
Marshal A. B. Wright and his assistant Malcolm E. Gregg. The two most striking features of
the parade were the division of six hundred and thirty-seven little school girls dressed in white
each commemorating a Buffalo soldier buried beneath one of the countless little white crosses of
France and Belgium; the other a division made up of thousands of men in olive drab uniform
who had just returned from service overseas. On Sunday, May 4th, the bureau handled a regi-
mental memorial service, attended by the units of the Fourth Brigade, who marched in uniform
to the Elmwood Music Hall ; on May 5th a mass meeting at the Broadway Auditorium addressed
by Colonel William -J. Donovan who had just returned from France at the head of the 169th
Infantry; on May 7th the visit of a detachment of Belgian soldiers fresh from the battlefields
in Europe; and on May 8th the mass meeting at the Hutchinson-Central High School addressed
by Colonel William Hayward of the 369th Infantry and by Alfred Merrinc of Louvain Univer-
sity. At the Victory memorial in Lafayette Square five paintings symbolizing five of the Allied
nations at war were unveiled — on April 29th a painting of "Columbia" by Charles Dana Gibson;
on May 2d "The Grand Fleet of Great Britain" by Reuterdahl; on May 6th "France" by F.
Lewis Moria; on May 7th "Belgium" by James Montgomery Flagg and on May 8th "Italy"
by Howard Chandler Christy. Each of these exercises brought throngs of persons to the foot
of the memorial.
THE NEWS BUREAU
The News Bureau in all of the five campaigns was conducted in an admirable manner by Alfred
H. Kirchhofer of the Buffalo Evening News. In the Second Campaign he was assisted by Andrew
.J. Sharrick of the Courier and Enquirer; in the Third Campaign by Andrew J. Sharrick and C. T.
Mann of the Courier and Enquirer; in the Fourth and Fifth Loans by Rollin Palmer of the
Evening News. Mr. Kirchhofer was one of the most valuable men in the Publicity Department,
for no one in the Department had a better understanding of the public mind than did he. His
advice and opinions were, therefore, constantly sought on questions relating to all phases of
advertising and on general questions aff'ecting the conduct of the campaigns. Mr. Kirchhofer
not only wrote the great bulk of the copy furnished by the Bureau, but to him were referred all
requests for publicity for the various subdivisions of the Liberty Loan Organization. The news-
papers of the city refused to use any Liberty Loan news matter unless received from the News
Bureau. The responsibility, therefore, of selecting the copy more important to the general con-
duct of the campaigns, and the passing over of less important matter, rested on the shoulders of
Mr. Kirchhofer and he met it with rare judgment and tact.
The News Bureau supplied copy to the six English dailies, the two Polish daihes and the nine
weekly papers published in the city. The copy furnished consisted of news stories, feature stories,
out-and-out Liberty Loan propaganda, photographs, cartoons and every kind of news matter
except editorial copy and telegraphic news. In the closing week of each campaign, every device
known to the trained newspaper man for attracting public attention was employed. The papers
used flare lines over their front-page captions, summoning the people to subscribe to their utmost,
and "boxes" were so skilfully employed that the most careless reader could not escape them.
On every page the papers teemed with Liberty Loan news and propaganda — on the telegi-aphic
pages, the local pages, the editorial pages, the women's pages, the financial pages, the church
pages and even the sporting pages. In a single Loan the six English dailies and the four foreign
language dailies of Buffalo cai-ried a total of over 25,000 inches of Liberty Loan matter. In the
last four Loans the six English dailies published each day a clearing house list of all subscriptions
Buffalo's Part in the World War
453
Publicity Department Heads
Albert L. Kinsey, George D. Crofts, Vice-Chair man; Katharine Cooke, Walter P. Cooke, Chairman; Anna B. Fox,
A. G. Bartholomew, Director of Publicity; Alex. F. Osborn and Alfred H. Kirchhofer
of one thousand dollars or more. The publishers of the English dailies, Mr. Edward H. Butler,
Mr. Norman E. Mack, Mr. William J. Conners, Mr. William M. Ramsdell and Mr. Charles A.
Finnegan and their staffs, gave to the Committee their wholehearted support.
SUPPLY BUREAU
Albert M. Chambers managed the Supply Bureau in the Second Campaign, under the direc-
tion of George D. Crofts as Pubhcity Director, and Samuel J. Harris managed it in the Third,
Fourth and Fifth Campaigns. Both were able and resourceful executives with the energy and
drive speedily to put their plans into execution. During the Second Loan Mr. Chambers' Bureau
distributed over 2,660,000 pieces of advertising matter through a volunteer organization which
he had built up almost over night among the High School students, Boy Scouts and Campfire
Girls of the city. The supply of literature in the Second Campaign was much delayed in its arrival
from New York with the result that the Supply Bureau printed many pieces of literature, in-
cluding "The Catechism of Americans" written by Mr. Chambers, and used, with necessary
modifications, in each of the subsequent Loans. Before the opening of the Third Campaign
Mr. Chambers was called to New York to become assistant to the Director of Distribution for
the Second Federal Reserve District.
In the Third Loan the Supply Bureau was located at No. 17 West Swan Street, which building
had become the home of all of the subdivisions of the Buffalo Liberty Loan Committee. In four
weeks Samuel J. Harris, who succeeded Mr. Chambers as manager of the Bureau, distributed
over 4,000,000 pieces of Liberty Loan literature without any expense to the Liberty Loan Organi-
zation. The distribution of posters in the downtown section was made by the Motor Corps of
the National League for Woman's Service and by the members of the Freshman class of the Buf-
falo Law School. Posters were also displayed on the opening day of the campaign in all of the
fire houses and police stations of the city. To effect a complete poster display throughout the
454 Buffalo's Part in the World War
city, Police Superintendent Girvin, at the request of Mr. Harris, had the PoHce Department
make a survey of the stores in which Liberty Loan posters were not in evidence.
As in the Second Campaign, pay envelope inserts were sent to the large plants of the city and
thousands of inserts were used in the books loaned from the Public Library and its branches.
During the last week of the Third Campaign the school children of Buffalo placed one hundred
thousand Liberty Bell cut-outs on the doors of the homes of Buffalo. Extensive use also was
made of the department and retail stores for circularizing by means of bundle inserts.
Before the opening of the Fourth Loan the Supply Bureau asked the Police Department to
make a survey of the window space of the business and manufacturing establishments. This
survey showed the location of eight thousand display windows, and the Industrial Planning
Committee supplied a list of eight or nine hundred manufacturing and industrial plants and
mercantile establishments. A display for every store window south of Ferry Street, east of
Elmwood Avenue, west of Michigan and north of the river was bundled and delivered by parcel
post ready for use on the first day of the Loan. Displays for the remainder of the nine thousand
locations were sent out by parcel post during the first week of the campaign. Prior to the open-
ing of the Fourth Loan the Supply Bureau utilized the distribution force which it had built up
in the public schools toward the close of the Third Campaign. This distribution force, based on
the block system with the school district as the unit, distributed over 400,000 Liberty Loan
circulars during the ten days prior to the opening of the Fourth Loan.
Mr. Harris was one of the most ingenious members of the Publicity Department in devising
unusual methods for distributing advertising matter. In one Loan he arranged with the Buffalo
Milk Dealers' Association to use three-quarters of a milHon of Liberty Loan stickers on all milk
bottles used by the members of the Association; in another he arranged with the Post Office
Department to have the mail carriers of the city place Liberty Loan stickers on the front of
every piece of mail delivered in the city over a period of three or four days; while in another
Loan he tied up traffic on the streets, when the traffic officers solemnly stopped all motor ve-
hicles while a corps of Boy Scouts and Girl Scouts placed Liberty Loan .stickers on the windshields.
The Supply Bureau handled not only the general literature of the campaigns, but also handled
what might be called "distribution supplies," which consisted of honor banners, subscribers'
buttons, subscription books and listing or deposit sheets and treasury envelopes. The conduct
of the Supply Bureau was one of the large tasks of the campaigns and it was accomplished with
uncommon skill. In the Fifth Loan the supplies for the Distribution Department were excel-
lently well handled by Mr. Robert F. Paviour, who was the contact point between the Supply
Bureau and the Distribution or Sales Department.
EDUCATIONAL BUREAU
The Educational Bureau, a pioneer feature of Liberty Loan work, was one of the ideas of Vice-
Chairman Crofts. It was organized just before the opening of the Third Campaign and was
copied by many other Liberty Loan organizations throughout the country. Its function was
distinctly that of propaganda. Its object was to bring into the homes in the congested sections
of the city and to the less educated classes a correct understanding of the causes of the great
struggle in Europe and of the aims and ideals of our country. The Bureau was organized by
Mrs. Anna B. Fox, Secretary of the Charity Organization Society, who named Mrs. Frank A.
Abbott as Assistant Manager and Mrs. Anna L. Hansen, Secretary. The machinery of the
Educational Bureau included most of the social and civic agencies of the city. It was organized
in three divisions: (1) house visitation, (2) neighborhood or group activities, operated through
seven social settlements, thirty-two Red Cross work centers, sixteen Polish women's societies
and nine (ward) civic leagues; (3) literature distributing centers.
The scope of the work of the house visitation division is revealed by mention of the names of
the agencies having a part in it. These included the District Nurses' Association, the Health
Department, the Charity Organization Society, the County Board of Child Welfare, the Welfare
Buffalo's Part in the World War 455
Workers of the Federated Jewish Charities, the Children's Aid Society and Society for Prevention
of Cruelty to Children, the Fitch Creche and College Creche, the Department of Child Placing
and the City and County Department of the Poor, Poor Department, the Buffalo Chapter of the
American Red Cross, the Erie County Probation Officers, Buffalo City Court Probation Officers,
Children's Court Probation Officers, the Buffalo General Hospital, the Polko Polak and the
Mount Carmel Guild. Home visitors from all these varied sources carried Liberty Loan and
American propaganda into over twelve thousand homes in the city.
The settlement houses which engaged in the work of the neighborhood or group activities
division were Welcome Hall, Watson House, Westminster Neighborhood House, Memorial Chapel
Social Center, Jewish Community House and the Remington Settlement. These organizations
gave special lectures and entertainments during the Liberty Loan campaigns for propaganda
purposes.
Through the distributing centers division of the National Bureau of the Home Service Section
of the Red Cross, the five health centers operated under the Bureau of City Hospitals and Dis-
pensaries and the branches of the Y. M. C. A. and Y. W. C. A., thousands of pieces of literature
were given out. In the Fourth Loan the Educational Bureau published an excellent sixteen-page
propaganda pamphlet entitled "The German Peril," and a pamphlet in German for propaganda
among the German residents entitled "Wissen Sie." The work of the Bureau was, in a broad
sense, one of the most vitally important undertakings of the Publicity Department. It looked
beyond the mere issue and sale of bonds to the problem of the Americanization of that portion
of our population which had not yet been fully absorbed in the body politic .
MISCELLANEOUS PUBLICATIONS
The Miscellaneous Publications Bureau was created before the opening of the Third Campaign
to take over the publication of "Over the Top" which had been edited by Leon S. LaPorte of
the Features Bureau during the Second Campaign, and to supply Liberty Loan matter to the
miscellaneous publications issued in the city. The Bureau was operated during the Third and
Fourth Loans by Mr. Walter M. Whitney and during the Fifth Loan by Mr. Armand S. Weill.
Mr. Whitney built up a list of all the miscellaneous publications issued in and about Buffalo,
and during the Third Loan reached a circulation of over half a million through this media. Dur-
ing the Fourth Loan under his management, and in the Fifth Loan under the direction of Mr.
Howard B. Cushman this publicity field developed into a medium with a circulation of nearly a
million. The pubUcations included theater programs, church bulletins and papers, house organs,
trade papers, school papers, sectarian papers, fraternal publications, club publications, hospital
and medical publications and various miscellaneous journals. The Miscellaneous Publications
Bureau and the News Bureau co-operated in furnishing Liberty Loan news articles and illustra-
tions to these pubhcations throughout the campaigns. During campaigns "Over the Top" was
mailed each evening to every member of the Liberty Loan organization. By special arrangement
with the postal authoi-ities it was handled as first class matter and was delivered on the first
mail each morning. The house organ carried Chairman Cooke's official daily announcement of
subscriptions, orders from department and committee heads, lists of sales committees which had
reached their quota, lists of business and industrial plants, one hundred per cent of whose employees
had subscribed for bonds, general sales talks and cartoons and photographs of Liberty Loan
workers. The publication was never brighter and snappier than in the Fifth Loan when edited
by Mr. Weill.
CLIPPING BUREAU
Another new Bureau of the Publicity Organization which was created just before the opening
of the Third Campaign was the Clipping Bureau which took over the clipping work done in the
Advertising Bureau during the Second Campaign. It was organized by Miss Katharine Cooke.
Through the Third, Fourth and Fifth Loans the Bureau daily clipped all Liberty Loan publicity
that appeared in the six English daily papers and the two Polish and two German papers of the
456
Buffalo's Part in the World War
city. In addition, similar clippings were made from the weekly papers. A daily report of the
amount of space given to Liberty Loan in each of the Buffalo papers was made by the Bureau to
the Director of Publicity and to the Manager of the News Bureau. This record was of the great-
est value in keeping the Director of Publicity and the Manager of the News Bureau in touch
with the disposition made by the newspapers of the copy furnished and also disclosed at a glance
^^^ the relative generosity of the
"i "il^^H papers in handling Liberty Loan
" -K^^H copy. The clippings were made
in triplicate and were placed in
large scrap books. Display ad-
vertisements and clippings from
weekly papers were placed in
separate books. At the conclu-
sion of the Fifth Loan the Com-
mittee was able to turn over to
the Public Library and to the
Historical Society the books of
the Clipping Bureau which con-
stituted a complete newspaper
record of the various campaigns.
Miss Cooke performed a pains-
taking task exceedingly well and
organized and operated most
efficiently a Bureau which was
indispensable to the Publicity
Department.
During the Third and Fourth
St. Paul's at Shelton Square in the Fifth Loan
Loans Mrs. Lewis R. Gulick read all of the Liberty Loan matter appearing in the leading papers of
Boston, New York, Philadelphia, Pittsburg, Cleveland, Detroit and Chicago, and clipped all matter
containing new and novel suggestions for Liberty Loan work. These clippings were delivered daily
by her to the Director of Publicity and items of importance were referred by him to the proper
Bureau chief.
ART BUREAU
Still another new Bureau of the Publicity Department which was created at the opening of the
Third Campaign was the Art Bureau, which was organized with Lucius E. Bartlett as Chairman.
The Committee assisting Mr. Bartlett was composed of Raphael Beck, Urquhart Wilcox, C.
J. Monro, Mrs. Charles Cary and Robert R. MacGeorge. Associated with the Committee were
nineteen contributing artists and nine photographers who furnished all the illustrations for news-
paper display advertising during the Third and Fourth Loans. During the Fifth Loan practi-
cally all the illustrations for newspaper display advertising were produced by C. J. Monro. In
both the Third and Fourth Campaigns the Buffalo Camera Club, which worked in conjunction
with the Art Bureau, lent valuable assistance to the Educational Bureau by preparing lantern
slides for use in the illustrated lectures given in the settlement houses. The artists of Buffalo
contributed their services freely and generously to the Liberty Loan Committee and their work
was of a very high character.
SPEAKERS BUREAU
The Speakers Bureau was organized for the Second Campaign by Roscoe R. Mitchell, who
was in charge of the active management of the Bureau during the Second and Fifth Loans. Mr.
Mitchell proved to be an organizer and executive of unusual ability. In the Second Loan he was
assisted ably by .James W. Persons and Harold J. Adams ; in the Fifth Loan by James A. Magoffin
and Miss May C. Sickmon. During the Third and Fourth Campaigns, the Speakers Bureau was
Buffalo's Part in the World War
457
under the excellent management of James W. Persons. Mr. Persons ' assistants in the Third and
Fourth Loans were Mrs. Helen Z. M. Rodgers, Miss May C. Sickmon, William C. White, Perry
C. Wurst and George B. Tyler. In all of the campaigns splendid service was rendered by the
"Four Minute Men", who worked under the direction of Mr. Clarence MacGregor and Mr.
George B. Tyler. The meetings
addressed during the campaigns
included mass meetings, school
meetings, shop meetings, church
meetings, outdoor meetings,
meetings of clubs, fraternal
organizations, labor unions and
miscellaneous gatherings. From
two to three hundred speakers
were used in each of the cam-
paigns, in the height of which
the Bureau supplied men to
address eighty or ninety gather-
ings each day.
In each Loan practically
every shop in the city assembled
its employees at some time dur-
ing the day or night to hear
representatives of the Speakers
Bureau on the subject of the
Loan. The attendance at these
shop meetings ranged from
twenty or thirty employees to
ten or twelve thousand. In the plants which worked with day and night shifts the meetings of the
night workers took place at the midnight luncheon hour or in the early morning just before the
men finished their work.
All requisitions for speakers from whatever source they emanated were referred to the Speakers
Bureau. The Bureau maintained a card index of all meetings, showing the time, place and nature
of the meeting, the probable attendance, the speaker assigned, the character of the audience and
the necessity for transportation. The requisitioning of speakers for plant meetings was the sole
work of one member of the Distribution Department. He was the contact point between the
Trade Committee arranging for the plant meeting and the Speakers Bureau and Transportation
Bureau. E. P. Erion handled this work in the Third Campaign, and Walter E. Schaefer in the
Fourth and Fifth Loans. In the Third Campaign the representatives of the Bureau addressed
nearly two thousand meetings, and reached audiences estimated at more than one million persons.
The "Four Minute Men" under the direction of Mr. MacGregor and Mr. Tyler covered about
seventy of the theaters. They made a particularly fine record in all of the Loans and especially
in the Third Loan when over one thousand addresses were made to theater audiences, estimated
at over eight hundred thousand persons.
Mammoth Coast Artillery Guns Exhibited in Broadway Market
in the Victory Loan
AUTOMOBILE BUREAU
Charles J. Monroe organized and operated the Automobile Bureau during the Second Cam-
paign, and William J. Blackburn operated it during the Third, Fourth and Fifth Loans. There
was never an occasion in any of the Loans when transportation facilities were not at hand for
the use of the Distribution Department, Speakers Bui-eau and Supply Bureau. All of the cars
and trucks used by the Bureau were gi'atuitously furnished by private owners. The Bureau
listed all available vehicles and with the aid of the Motor Corps girls was able at all times to
458 Buffalo's Part in the World War
meet the constant and insistent demands for transportation facilities. During the Fourth Loan
when the transportation facihties of the city were demorahzed because of the Street Railway
strike a tremendous strain was thrown upon the Automobile Bureau, but it met every demand
made upon it. The success of the Bureau was due in very large part to the courtesy and con-
sideration shown by Mr. Blackburn to the generous citizens and firms who so freely put their
automobiles at the disposal of the Bureau.
DISTRIBUTION DEPARTMENT
James H. McNulty, Chairman of the General Distribution Committee, headed the entire sales
organization which in the four campaigns sold over $225,000,000 of Government bonds to the
people of Buffalo. The selection of the Chief of the Distribution Committee was one of Chair-
man Cooke's most important acts in setting up the permanent Liberty Loan Organization in the
fall of 1917. How wise the selection of Mr. McNulty was is reflected in the record of his organ-
ization, which in four successive campaigns sold $226,508,500 of bonds against a quota of
$194,471,800. To his work he brought his wide experience in business affairs, indefatigable capacity
for work, breadth of vision and a gift for organization and leadership that resulted in the crea-
tion of a network of sales agencies which reached into every home, shop, factory, mercantile
establishment and other organizations in the entire city.
In his original plan of organization Chairman Cooke contemplated the creation of sales com-
mittees in every trade and profession in the city as well as among the public employees, public,
private and parochial schools and fraternal organizations and clubs. His plan also contemplated
a house-to-house canvassing committee. With wonderful skill Mr. McNulty gathered together
the thousands of man and women necessary to operate this organization and he himself directed
the work with the rarest of judgment. He set up the selling machinery, kept it running with
amazing smoothness and drove it to its utmost capacity.
In the Second Campaign the General Distribution Committee, which assisted Mr. McNulty
in the creation and direction of the selhng organization was made up of .James H. McNulty,
Chairman, John H. Baker, Secretary; Frank B. Baird, Edward J. Barcalo, William T. Buckley,
Charles L. Couch, Jesse C. Dann, Ralph C. Hudson, W. F. MacGlashan and James N. Mande-
ville. In the Third, Fourth and Fifth Campaigns, the Department was organized with Mr.
McNulty as Director of Distribution, Edward J. Barcalo and Henry P. Werner, Assistant Direc-
tors of Distribution, and P. J. Kuhn, Executive Secretary.
To the plan of organizing a selling campaign mainly through committees in the trades and
professions, Mr. Edward J. Barcalo, a member of the Executive Committee and of the Committee
on General Distribution, contributed one of the most important and fundamental ideas upon
which the Second, Third, Fourth and Fifth Campaigns were conducted. He urged that as the
Federal Bank of New York had arbitrarily given a fixed quota of $55,600,500 to Buffalo and as
the bulk of the selling was to be conducted through eighty or more committees in the trades and
professions, it was perfectly logical that a definite quota should be assigned to each trade or
professional committee. The work of fixing the allotments was at once assigned to Mr. Barcalo.
Though the first week of the campaign was almost at an end, Mr. Barcalo made a survey of the
trades and professions of the city, and without any other data at his command assigned to the
various trade committees quotas aggregating $36,370,000. Against this total of quotas the com-
mittees to which they had been assigned sold $36,500,000 — a truly remarkable feat in figuring.
At the opening of the Third Campaign Mr. Barcalo was engaged in Government work at Wash-
ington, and the work of readjusting quotas which were found in special instances to be too great
or too small in the Second Campaign, was done by Mr. McNulty and his assistants. To guide
them in their work they had the quota sheet which had been prepared by Mr. Barcalo at the
opening of the Second Campaign and the result which had been attained by each committee.
With this data the necessary readjustments were made. In the Fourth and Fifth Campaigns
Mr. Barcalo again fixed the quotas and handled this feature of the work. At the beginning of
I
Buffalo's Part in the World War
459
the Fourth Loan his quota assignments to the trades and professions totaled $44,000,000 and to
the other sales agencies $13,000,000. The result of the campaign proved the correctness of his
estimates. In the Fifth Campaign, against a city allotment of $46,346,300, Mr. Barcalo assigned
$34,317,750 to the Trades and Professional Committees. Against this quota the trades and
professions were credited with $40,361,250.
As soon as the quotas were fixed in the later campaigns they were handed to the chairmen of
the Trades and Professional Committees. Each chairman selected his own committee and gener-
ally included in its membership representatives of the largest businesses in the trade. He was
encouraged to form a large committee, and the acceptance of the quota by the committee insured
its attainment. Each committee member knew the state of the particular industry or business
in which he was engaged and knew far better than did an outsider the subscribing possibilities
of almost every other man in the trade. The quota system stimulated competition among the
committees and a committee would underwrite an apparent shortage rather than fail. This
spirit of competition existed not only between committees but between the five divisions into
which the trades committees were grouped. In the Third and Fourth Campaigns, as a committee
reached its quota it was given an honor star and its quota increased. In the Fifth Loan, with
each increase of ten per cent over its quota it was given an additional honor star. The whole
quota plan in its conception and in its execution was one of the largest and most vital thoughts
of all of the campaigns.
TRADES ADVISORY COMMITTEE
In the Second Liberty Loan Campaign the Trades and Professions Committees were organized
by the General Distribution Committee which developed the general sales plan of the campaign.
To this work the General Distribution Committee gave most of its attention, as the campaign
Trades Advisory Chiefs
From left to right, front row — William E. Robertson, Edward B. Holmes, Vice-Chairman; Cliarles L. Couch, Chairman;
Charles R. Robinson, William A. Morgan, Henry F. Russell, Secretary
Back row — James M. Mandeville, John W. Cowper, and Charles H. Bailey
460 Buffalo's Part in the World War
was so organized that the major part of the subscriptions obtained would be received through
the Trades and Professions Committee. From the available data on hand, including trade lists
of the Chamber of Commerce, the General Distribution Committee built up "Prospect Lists"
for use in soliciting the various trades. This work consumed a gi'eat part of the Committee's
time during the first two weeks of the campaign, but its value cannot be overestimated, for it
served as the groundwork of the comprehensive sales plan which made the ultimate success of
the campaign possible. After the triumphant close of the Second Loan, Mr. McNulty recom-
mended that a careful analysis of the various trades be made before another Liberty Loan Cam-
paign and that duplicate prospect cards be prepared for each business establishment in the city,
arranged under its proper trade classification, with the names of its officers and the number of
its employees, together with a record of subscriptions made by the company's officers and em-
ployees to the First and Second Loans.
In the Third, Fourth and Fifth Campaigns the committee which directed sales through the
Trades and Professions Committees was known as the Trades Advisory Committee. In the last
three Loans Charles L. Couch headed this important body. In the Third Loan his assistants
were J. Q. Clarke, Vice-Chairman; Henry F. Russell, Secretary; A. B. Wilson, Assistant Secre-
tary; John W. Cowper, Edward B. Holmes, James N. Mandeville, William E. Robertson and
Morris L. Tremaine. In the Fourth and Fifth Campaigns this all-important committee was
composed of Charles L. Couch, Chairman; Edward B. Holmes, Vice-Chairman ; Henry F. Rus-
sell, Secretary; Charles H. Bailey, John W. Cowper, James N. Mandeville, William A. Morgan,
William E. Robertson and Charles R. Robinson.
In the Third Loan John W. Cowper, Edward B. Holmes, James N. Mandeville, William E.
Robertson and Morris L. Tremaine held the title of Trades Advisors, and to each was assigned
about fifteen Trade Committees. Each of the five groups contained practically the same number
of committees and each group had practically the same quota. At the same time Chairman
Couch, Vice-Chairman Clarke and Secretary Russell assigned to the same Advisors those trades
which were closely allied to one another. The Trade Advisor received daily reports from each
trade chairman acting under him, and in turn reported to Chairman Couch who in turn reported
to James H. McNulty, Director of Distribution, and his assistants.
Before the opening of the Third Loan, and in accordance with Mr. McNulty's recommendation
at the close of the Second Campaign, triplicate cards of all plants, factories and mercantile estab-
lishments were prepared. Two sets of these cards were used by the Liberty Loan Committee,
while the third was subsequently given to the Chamber of Commerce for its records. The two
sets retained by the Committee were sorted into trades corresponding to those working under
the jurisdiction of the Trades Advisory Committee. Each Trade Advisor was then given the
two sets of cards for each of the fifteen trades operating under him. Throughout the campaign
each Trade Advisor kept on his desk a complete set of the cards relating to the trade committees
which reported to him. The second set was given by the Trade Advisor to his committee chair-
men. The committee chairmen in turn reassigned these cards to the members of their committees.
The committee member dealt directly with the plant to be canvassed, calling on the officer indi-
cated on the prospect card and ascertaining whether the officers of the plant would themselves
conduct the canvass or whether they wished it conducted by the Liberty Loan Organization. In
many instances the plants themselves conducted their own campaigns, but in a far greater num-
ber of cases the campaigns were conducted by the Liberty Loan Organization. When the com-
mittee member reported to the committee chairman that a plant wished the committee to make
the canvass, the chairman so reported to the Trade Advisor. Arrangement was then made for
a time when the Liberty Loan speaker could address the entire working and executive force.
E. P. Erion, of the Distribution Department, requisitioned a speaker from the Speakers Bureau
and a force of bond salesmen were notified to be on hand. If the plant v/as a particularly large
one, requiring a large force of canvassers, requisition was made on Jesse C. Dann for an ample
detachment from the Flying Squadron. The Liberty Loan group called at the plant at the ap-
Buffalo's Part in the World War 461
pointed hour, speeches were made and a canvass conducted. The daily progress of the work of
the Trades and Professions Committees was set up on a large blackboard at the headquarters of
the Distribution Department. The board showed the names of the trades committees, committee
chairmen and the total of subscriptions reported by the committee to date. On this board one
could trace hourly the progress of the campaign. Between 11.30 and 12 o'clock each day the
board was the center of closest interest, for at that time the figures were being closed for the
official report of the Distribution Department which Chairman Cooke would read at the noon-
day luncheon. This clever idea of graphically representing the daily record of the Trades Ad-
visory Committee was conceived in the Second Campaign by Charles L. Couch and Henry F.
Russell. In the Third and Fourth Campaigns the members of the Trades Advisory Committee
met each afternoon in what became known as the "Not Enough Committee" to pass on the
sufficiency of each subscription of one thousand dollars or more received in the twenty-four hours
last past.
In the late summer of 1918 the prospect cards for the Fourth Loan were prepared under the
direction of Philip J. Kuhn, Executive Secretary of the Distribution Department, and Charles
H. Bailey of the Trades Advisory Committee. These cards were arranged into ninety-five trades
and professions of the trade committees which had been organized by the Trades Advisory Com-
mittee. Before the opening of the Fourth Loan the Directors of Distribution delivered to the
Division Chiefs the prospect cards for the trades committees reporting to him, and before the
opening of the campaign each trades committee chairman received the prospect card he was to
use during the campaign. In this Loan, John W. Cowper, Chief of Division A of the Trades
Advisory Committee, had George E. D. Brady as his assistant; Charles L. Robinson as Chief
of Division B had J. H. Bradley and John Brunskill as his assistants; J. N. Mandeville as Chief
of Division C had Edwin P. Erion as his assistant; William E. Robertson at the head of Divi-
sion D had A. H. Sawtelle as his assistant, and William A. Morgan, Chief of Division E, was
assisted by Arthur L. Chambers. These Division Chiefs were the whips who were constantly
on the trail of the ninety-five chairmen of the Trades and Professions Committees. No com-
mittee chairman could fall asleep with these drivers pursuing him, nor could any of the five
Division Chiefs ease the pressure on his Trades committee Chairmen without hearing at once
from Chairman Couch and Vice-Chairman Holmes of the Trades Advisory Committee and the
heads of the Distribution Department headed by the great sales executive, Mr. McNulty, and
with whom Chairman Cooke was in constant conference. The great bulletin board which cov-
ered the wall of the Trades Advisory headquarters showed immediately any sag in the campaign
and pointed an accusing finger toward the Division Chief whose committee chairmen were lag-
ging in the race.
In the Fifth Loan there was but little change in the organization or plan of work of the Trades
Advisory Committee. In Division A, which was known as the "Yanks" Division, Charles M.
Ramsdell and George Herman became assistant chiefs to John W. Cowper; N. M. Boore and
J. F. Darch became assistant chiefs to J. N. Mandeville in Division C, which was known as the
"Aviators" Division; Charles H. Bailey was assistant to William A. Morgan, Chief of Division
E, which was known as the "Artillery" Division. The whole organization and work of the Trades
Advisory Committee and the committees working under it were of the highest order and justified
the expectations entertained for them by Chairman Cooke at the time of their creation at the
opening of the Second Loan.
FLYING SQUADRON
The second main divi.sion of the Distribution Department contemplated by Chairman Cooke
on the eve of the Second Liberty Loan campaign was the Canvassing Committee, later known
as the Flying Squadron. This committee became known as the Emergency Committee and came
into existence late in the campaign. It was organized by William T. Buckley and it took charge
of a house to house canvass of the city through the Police Department. The General Distribu-
tion Committee realized the dragnet possibilities of the Police force and received the ready
462 Buffalo's Part in the World War
co-operation of John Martin who was then Chief of PoHce. The Committee furnished each station
house with large supphes of printed cards for signature and indicating whether or not the signer
had purchased a bond; and if not, whether he desired a representative of the Emergency Com-
mittee to call on him. The precinct captain served as a district chairman and furnished each
patrolman with a card for each householder on his beat. The patrolman in making his rounds
left a card at each home and either awaited the signature or went later for the signed card. These
cards were returned by the Police Captains to Police Headquarters and were taken from Police
Headquarters by Mr. James Flood who, with a staff made up of employees of the Chamber of
Commerce, sorted them into packages of twenty and delivered them to the Emergency Com-
mittee. Jesse C. Dann of the General Distribution Committee organized a force of salesmen who
made personal calls on every person who had indicated on the Police survey card a desire that
a bond salesman visit him. Mr. Buckley's staff in the Emergency Committee consisted of Elmer
B. Donaldson, Guy C. Metcalfe, J. Franklin Dyer and Perry R. Cant.
In the Second Campaign Clifford Hubbell organized the Patriotic Neighborhood Patrol which
made a house to house canvass of 160 square blocks in the residential sections of the city. Three
hundred volunteers did the work. Each worker canvassed all of the houses on both sides of the
block in which he lived. In the same Loan the Home Defense Reserve under Colonel H. I. Sackett,
conducted seventeen sales agencies in army tents located at selected street corners in the down-
town sections of the city. The tents were open from ten in the morning to ten at night and were
one of the most influential agencies of the selling organization.
Late in the Second Campaign as Chairman Cooke saw emergencies arise four other selling
organizations sprung up. They were the Election Booth Workers who sold bonds in 160 election
booths during the last three days of the campaign; the Antilles Avengers, who purchased an
additional bond of $1,000 as a pledge of Americans to avenge the destruction of the American
transport Antilles; the Junior 400 which was the $10,000 Club of the campaign, and the Citizens'
Patriotic Patrol to which was referred the names of men of ample means who had not subscribed
in sufficient amount to the Loan.
In the Third Loan the Canvassing Committee was organized with William T. Buckley as
Chairman, Avery Wolfe, Vice-Chairman and Miles Goldberg, Secretary. The remaining members
of the Committee were: H. I. Sackett, Theodore L. Richmond, Guy C. Metcalfe, Elmer B.
Donaldson, and Herbert A. Meldrum. The work of districting the city and of classifying and
distributing police survey cards was in charge of F. A. G. Merrill; Retail Zones in charge of
Theodore L. Richmond; the Home Defense Workers under the command of Colonel H. I. Sackett
and the Flying Squadron under Jesse C. Dann assisted by Guy C. Metcalfe, while Elmer B.
Donaldson served as Treasurer for the Committee. The Police Department made a city-wide
distribution of the survey cards and then collected the cards and returned them to the office of
the Canvassing Committee. In the case of one who had already subscribed to the Loan the card
called for the name and address of the subscriber, a report as to the amount of the subscription,
the agency through which it was made and the amount of his subscriptions to the First and
Second Loans. If the person receiving the card had not already subscribed, he was requested to
report whether he wished a representative of the Liberty Loan Committee to call upon him and
the hour at which he wished such representative to call. Sixty thousand of these cards were
returned by the Police Department to the Canvassing Committee. The cards were sorted to the
districts into which the Canvassing Committee had divided the city and were turned over to
the Committees in charge of the respective districts. The cards formed the basis of the Com-
mittee's canvass. During the campaign the Canvassing Committee turned in almost 13,000 sub-
scriptions amounting to over one million and a third of dollars. The Retail Zone Division of the
Canvassing Committee handled scattered miscellaneous retail stores which had not been assigned
to any regular trades committee. The Home Defense Reserve manned sales agencies in army
tents located at busy street corners. The Flying Squadron enrolled over two thousand emergency
salesmen who worked with the Canvassing Committee, the Special Committees and the Trades
Buffalo's Part in the World War
463
Col. William J. Donovan Joining tiie Campaign Forces of the Fifth Loan
In the group from left to right are James H. McNulty, Vice-Chairman; Edward J. Barcalo, Vice-Chair7nan; George D. Crofts, Vice-Chairman;
Frank B. Baird, WiUiam A. Morgan, Walter P. Cooke, Chairman; Col. Donovan, Daniel J. Kenefick, A. G. Bartholomew,
Bradley Goodyear, Edward H. Butler, Dexter P. Rumsey and Rollin Lord O'Brian
Organizations. The Flying Squadron developed a military branch made up of three divisions
composed respectively of members of the 74th Infantry, the Third Artillery and Troop I.
In the Fourth Campaign the Flying Squadron was organized with William T. Buckley as Chair-
man; F. A. G. Merrill and E. D. McCarthy, Vice-Chairmen; L. H. Jones, Secretary; H. S.
Davis, Assistant Secretary; Jesse C. Dann, Chairman of Personnel; Theodore L. Richmond,
Treasurer and Owen B. Augspurger, Assistant Treasurer. The remaining members of the com-
mittee were: G. H. H. Hills, George C. Rounds, J. A. Wilson Jr., Joseph A. Archbald, John L.
Tiernon Jr., James P. Fowler and Horace Zwetch. The largest undertaking of the Committee
in this Loan was a house to house canvass of the entire city. It was organized in fourteen dis-
tricts corresponding to the boundaries of the Police Precincts and the station houses were used
as precincts headquarters. Mr. Merrill and James E. Ross divided each precinct into fifteen or
twenty subdivisions or blocks which were assigned to block captains. Edmond D. McCarthy
organized a force of two thousand volunteers to conduct the canvass. He appointed a colonel
and an adjutant to command each precinct organization. Under each colonel were two majors.
Announcement that a Police Survey card would be left with every resident of the city on Septem-
ber 30th was sent through the mail several days in advance. The Police Department distributed
the survey cards and the canvassers of the Flying Squadron collected them. If the card showed
that the person returning it had not yet subscribed to the Fourth Loan the salesman took his
subscription. The house to house canvass netted $784,500 in small subscriptions. In this cam-
paign Mr. Dann built up a sales group which became known as Squadron Scouts and which
handled the sales at special meetings such as the concerts of the French Band, the Italian Grena-
diers and the Great Lakes Band and outdoor gatherings assembled to hear Bill Hart or to see the
Bersaglieri. In this Loan the Home Defense Workers were in charge of Major James P. Fowler
464 Buffalo's Part in the World War
while the investment brokers of the city were organized under the leadership of Walter F. Stafford.
In the Fifth Loan Jesse C. Dann was Chairman of the Flying Squadron with Owen B. Augs-
purger, Louis S. Jones, Edmond D. McCarthy and T. A. G. Merrill, Vice-Chairmen ; Harry S.
Da\ns, Secretary and Raymond P. Fowler, Dexter P. Rumsey, William H. Kennedy, Robert C.
Lea, Dewitt C. Morrow, Joseph F. Nash, Theodore L. Richmond, William Warren Smith, Sydnor
J. Tucker, G. H. H. Hills and H. J. Rolls Assistant Directors. As in the Fourth Loan the most
important undertaking of the Flying Squadron was a systematic house to house canvass of the
city. In this Loan the canvass was organized in districts corresponding to the ward boundaries
with the election district as the subdivision of the ward organization. In no campaign was the
house to house campaign so successful as in the Fifth when the subscriptions obtained totaled
$1,746,850 or more than double the amount of subscriptions obtained from the same source in
the Fourth Loan.
INDUSTRIAL PLANNING COMMITTEE
Just before the opening of the Fourth Campaign the Industrial Planning Committee was organ-
ized by H. P. Parrock. The Committee proved in the two succeeding loans to be a vitally impor-
tant aid to the efforts of Chairman Cooke and Vice-Chairman McNulty in charge of sales. Its
function was to set up in advance of the campaign an organization which would be prepared to
make a thorough canvass of plant employees. The Committee was concerned only with the sub-
scriptions of the employees engaged in the plants and was not concerned with the subscription
of the individual or corporation owning the plant. It directed its attention to the workman and
made him feel that he was a necessary part in Buffalo's share of financing the war. Before the
Fourth Loan was put on sale Mr. Parrock's Committee listed 694 plants which employed over
116,000 workers. Before the Fifth Loan 1,096 plants were listed and plant chairmen chosen.
In each plant the Committee chose a Liberty Loan representative who was the contact point
between the Liberty Loan Organization and the plant. Prior to the opening of the campaign the
Committee furnished each plant chairman with ample supplies of Liberty Loan posters and litera-
ture, with subscribers' buttons and honor window banners and ample quantities of the form of
contract between employer and employee where subscriptions were made on the partial payment
plan and payments were to be deducted from the weekly wages of the workmen. After the open-
ing of the campaign the Committee's whole function was to provide plant chairmen with supplies
and to issue honor banners to plants, 90' c, 95'e or 100*^7 of whose entire working force were
subscribers to the Loan. The actual sales campaigns in the plants were conducted under the
direction of the Trades Advisory Committee.
WORK OF THE WOMEN
The women of Buffalo had an important part in the work of the Liberty Loan Organization.
Through the Women's Committee they conducted one of the great sales agencies of the cam-
paigns, but this did not mark the limit of their activities. They filled many other important
positions. In the general organization the Treasurer, Statistician, Manager of the Purchasing
Department and Manager of the Delivery Division of the Subscriptions Department were women.
In the Speakers Bureau, Clipping Bureau, and Art Bureau and in some of the Trades Committees,
women did very important work. The Educational Bureau was organized and operated by them
and the conduct of the Liberty Loan campaigns in the schools of the city was almost wholly
in their hands. The co-operation between men and women in the work was complete, each seek-
ing to assist the other in every effort to produce the maximum result.
The Women's Committee in the First Loan was organized by Mrs. Dexter P. Rumsey and took
charge of the sales booths in the retail stores and hotels. Twenty-five organizations of women took
part in the work, which was one of the most successful of the sales efforts of the First Campaign.
The work of the Committee in the Second Loan was carried on under the able, enthusiastic
and inspiring leadership of Mrs. Theodore M. Pomeroy, who served as Chairman of the Commit-
tee through four successive campaigns. With boundless energy she organized, directed and
Buffalo's Pakt in the World War
465
guided the efforts of the women, giving great impetus to the work, and by her own fine example
keeping their zeal and enthusiasm at a high pitch throughout the campaigns. One portion of
the Liberty Loan work assumed by the women was the trying task of sitting all day long in sales
booths, in stores, railroad stations or moving picture houses to solicit subscriptions from passersby.
This wearisome, tedious, unromantic work, as well as the larger and more pleasant duties falling
to their lot, was performed with a cheerfulness and an optimism that was an inspiration to the
whole organization. To Mrs Pomeroy and to her associates too much credit cannot be given
for their painstaking and exacting work and the large success which met their efforts.
In organizing the women for
the Second Loan, Mrs. Pomeroy
was assisted by a committee
composed of Mrs. Henry Alt-
man, Mrs. William J. Conners,
Mrs. Walter P. Cooke, Miss
Marian de Forest, Mrs. H. W.
Dresser, Mrs. A. J. Elias, Mrs.
Frank Fiske, Mrs. Howard A.
Forman, Mrs. Louis P. Fuhr-
mann, Mrs. F. W. Kendall, Mrs.
Charles H. McCullough, Jr.,
Mrs. Norman E. Mack, Mrs.
Roscoe R. Mitchell, Mrs. Wal-
ter W. Steele, Mrs. Harry
Spaulding, Mrs. Nelson Taylor,
Mrs. Richard H. Thompson,
Mrs. Charles Van Bergen, Mrs.
William C. Warren, Mrs. Thew
Wright, Mrs. Chnton R. Wyck-
off, Mrs. Harry Yates.
The work of the campaign
centered in sales booths which
were located in the down-town
stores and hotels. The women were unsparing in their labor and rolled up a magnificent total
of $4,022,050 of sales.
Mrs. Theodore M. Pomeroy was Chairman of the Women's Committee in the Third Campaign,
but was obliged to give up the work on the eve of the launching of the Loan when illness in her
family compelled her to leave the city. The duties of the Chairman were immediately taken
over by Mrs Edward H. Butler, Vice-Chairman of the Women's Committee, who with the able
assistance of Mrs. Walter P. Cooke, Mrs. Howard A. Forman, Mrs. Richard H. Thompson, Mrs.
John H. Lascelles, conducted a most successful campaign. With no previous Liberty Loan ex-
perience Mrs. Butler organized and directed the work with tact, force and judgment which
revealed in her an executive of rare ability.
The activities of the Committee were broadened in this campaign. Sales agencies were for the first
time established in the theaters, moving picture houses and railroad stations, and committees were
formed in the Women's Fraternal Organizations and Clubs to canvass their membership for subscrip-
tions to the Loan. The work in the Women's Fraternal Organizations and Clubs was placed under
the direction of Mrs. Howard A. Forman, who conducted it with marked success in three cam-
paigns. The Women's Committee obtained 12,004 separate subscriptions to the Third Loan in the
splendid total of $4,847,800. There were 7,127 subscriptions of $50.00 each ; 2,021 of $100.00 each ;
2,306 ranging from $150.00 to $950,00 each; and 550 of $1,000.00 or more each. Particularly note-
worthy was the Committee's success in spreading its sales over a large number of small subscribers.
lOilward H. Butler, and t'liainnan Cooke
466 Buffalo's Part in the World War
In the Fourth Loan Mrs. Theodore M. Pomeroy, who had so ably conducted the work of the
women in the Second Loan, was the Chairman of the Women's Committee. Associated with her
as Vice Chairmen were Mrs. Edward H. Butler and Mrs. Howard A. Forman. Mrs. Charles P.
Chapin had charge of sales in the moving picture houses. Mrs. James H. McNulty directed
sales in the theatres, and Mrs. Richard H. Thompson handled the booths which were located
in the stores, hotels, public buildings and railroad stations. Mrs. Walter P. Cooke was in charge
of collections from all of these sources.
Mrs. Howard A. Forman working in conjunction with Mrs. E. C. Sornberger again directed
the activities of the Women's Organizations and Clubs. Her work in this Loan, as in the pre-
ceding Loan, was of a most constructive sort and represented direct sales to women purchasers
who were least likely to be approached by members of the other sales agencies of the Organiza-
tion. Many of the clubs operating under Mrs. Forman's direction obtained 100 per cent records —
every member being a bond purchaser. In the Fourth Loan the Committee obtained 2050 sub-
scriptions totaling $362,450.00. In this Loan Mrs. John H. Lascelles again headed the Women's
Special Subscriptions' Committee, which solicited the subscriptions of women amply able to pur-
chase in substantial sums. Mrs Harry P. Parrock handled the work in the industrial plants and
establishments. The Women's Committee reported 12,151 subscriptions amounting to $7,034,050.
They were divided as follows: Booths — 7,128 subscriptions totaling $4,975,150; Moving Pic-
ture Houses — 1,727 subscriptions totaling $252,200; Theaters — 1,246 subscriptions totaling
$1,444,250; Women's Organizations— 2,050 subscriptions totaling $362,450.
In the Fifth Loan the work of the women was again handled in a noteworthy manner by Mrs.
Theodore M. Pomeroy as Chairman, with the same leaders and on the same lines which had proven
so successful in the Fourth Campaign. Mrs. Edward H. Butler and Mrs. Howard A. Forman
served as her Vice-Chairmen. Mrs. Richard H. Thompson directed the work of twenty-one
booths located in the stores and hotels; Mrs. James H. McNulty the work in four large theaters;
Mrs. Charles P. Chapin the work in thirty -four moving picture houses; Mrs. Howard A. Forman
and Mrs. E. C. Sornberger the work in the Women's Fraternal Organizations and Clubs; and
Mrs. Harry P. Parrock the work in the Church Clubs of the city. Mrs. Walter P. Cooke directed
the collection of subscriptions and down payments at the booths, and Mrs John H. Lascelles
again managed the important work of the Women's Special Subscriptions Committee. In
the Fifth Loan, as in the Fourth, Mrs. Charles H. McCullough Jr., and Mrs. J. Sterling
Deans had charge of the Women's Reservations for the dinners and luncheons of the General
Organization.
The Women's Committee reported 10,164 subscriptions to the Fifth Loan in the aggregate
of $6,152,100. These subscriptions were distributed as follows: Booths — 5,064 bonds totaling
$4,859,350; Moving Picture Houses— 1,498 bonds totahng $356,850; Theatres— 893 bonds
totaling $1,097,250; Churches— 1,338 bonds totaling .$312,700; Organizations and Clubs— 1,371
bonds totaling $276,200.
SALES BOOTH COMMITTEE
This Committee was organized in the Third Campaign by Proctor Carr. Its function was to
locate, erect and decorate sales booths and to furnish them with Liberty Loan literature and
supplies and to make daily collections of the applications and initial payments received by the
women in charge of the booths. In the Foiuth Loan the Committee was headed by Woodward
Sears and in the Fifth Loan by U. L. Caudell. In the Third and Fourth Campaigns Arthur E.
Smith was Vice-Chairman. The booths were located in the hotels, departments and small i-etail
stores, office buildings, theaters, moving picture houses, railway stations and public buildings.
Twice each day members of the Committee visited the booths and delivered supplies. A separate
force of bank employees was organized to handle the collections, which extended well toward
midnight when the theatres and moving picture houses of the city closed. The Committee's
work was thoughtfully planned by Mr. Carr at the opening of the Third Campaign, and was
carefully and painstakingly executed under his direction and under the direction of his successors.
Buffalo's Part in the World War
467
SCHOOLS
No report of the work of the Liberty Loan Organization would be complete without some refer-
ence to the part taken by the school children of Buffalo. It is here summarized very briefly, as
a chapter of this volume is devoted to the record of their war activities.
In the First Liberty Loan Campaign the pupils of the Buffalo Public Schools were used only
in the distribution of literature. In the last four campaigns they sold $8,947,050 of bonds to
90,045 subscribers. They obtained one-seventh of all the subscriptions received by the Commit-
tee in these four campaigns. They collected and accounted for over $1,000,000 of initial pay-
ments, and never lost a subscription nor a dollar
of the Committee's funds.
The work in the schools in the Second Loan was
skillfully organized by Dr. Daniel Upton of the
Buffalo State Normal School, who built up one of
the most remarkable organizations of the cam-
paigns. His organization was a highly effective sell-
ing agency and at the same time was one of the
Committee's most valuable educational and pubh-
city instrumentalities. The first work of the Schools
Committee in the Second Loan was the placing of
Liberty Loan literature in the homes of the 70,000
public school children of the city. This was handled
under the direction of Mr. Elmer J . Cobb, Principal
of School No. 60.
The features of the Schools Campaign in the
Second Loan were a mass meeting of 1500 teachers
at Hutchinson-Central High School on October 11,
1917, at which the speakers v/ere Chairman Walter
P. Cooke, Mayor Louis P. Fuhrmann, Myron S.
Hall and Christopher G. Grauer; a night school
parade, organized and directed by Dr. George E.
Smith and followed by a mass meeting of night
school students at Elmwood Music Hall, addressed
by Hon. Daniel .1. Kenefick and Hon. George W.
Wickersham; and a meeting of 12,000 pupils in the Broadway Auditorium on Liberty Loan
Day, October 24, addressed by Chairman Walter P. Cooke and Mr. John Mitchell of the New
York State Food Commission. Much educational work was done through a series of essay
contests participated in by the entire school system. Competition among schools was stimulated
by the daily award of a "Liberty Loan Leader's Flag," which passed each day to the school which
had reported the largest number of bond sales on the preceding day. Some of the best propa-
ganda work in all of the campaigns was done by hundreds of grade teachers who reached in
ingenious ways into homes of the children of their class-rooms. In this Loan the public school
pupils sold 12,251 bonds in the amount of $1,115,800.
The Third, Fourth and Fifth Campaigns in the public schools were directed by Dr. George E.
Smith, who was assisted by Benjamin L. Abel. A quota was first given to the Schools Committee
in the Third Loan. Originally it was $1,000,000, later it was increased to $1,500,000, and again
increased to $2,000,000. At the close of the campaign the public schools had a record of 21,975
subscriptions in the total sum of $2,050,200. In this campaign each school was given a definite quota
by Dr. Smith and Mr. Abel, and a quota flag was awarded to each school on reaching its quota.
A leader's banner was awarded daily to the school which sold the most bonds on the preceding
day and honor badges were given in every class room to the pupils making the best sales records. A
bulletin board on the outside of every school showed the progress of the school toward its quota.
Mrs. TheuJiji.j Al, L'omeToy, Chairman, Women's
Committee, and A. B. Wright, of the
PubHcity Department
468
Buffalo's Part in the World War
The Public Schools Committee met its severest test in the Fourth Campaign when the schools
were closed on account of the Influenza epidemic. So well constructed, however, was the organi-
zation that it worked through to the close of the campaign and surpassed its splendid records
of the Second and Third Loans. The Public schools sold $2,583,250 of Fourth Liberty Bonds to
26,079 subscribers. Nowhere in the whole Liberty Loan Organization was the spirit of competi-
tion more keenly developed than in the schools.
In the Fifth Loan, with practically the same organization which had operated so successfully
in the Third and Fourth Loans, the pupils of the Public Schools obtained 29,742 subscriptions
aggregating $3,197,800. No selHng agency in the Liberty Loan Organization has a finer record than
have the Pubhc Schools of Buffalo, whose achievements reflect the inspiring leadership of Dr.
George E. Smith and Benjamin
L . Abel and the loyal and enthu-
siastic support given them by
the principals, teachers and
pupils of their schools.
The parochial schools round-
ed out the work of the public
schools. In the Second Cam-
paign this work was conducted
under the direction of the Rt.
Rev. Bishop Dougherty and
under the supervision of Rev.
E. F. Gibbons, then Superin-
tendent of the Bufl^alo Parochial
Schools. In the Third Loan the
work was directed by Chancel-
lor Walsh and Rev. Francis T.
Kanaley. In the Fourth and
Fifth Loans Father Kanaley
was in sole charge and attained
splendid results. The total sales
in the Second Loan amounted
to $110,000; in the Third Loan $286,000; in the Fourth Loan $346,850; and in the Fifth Loan
$334,750. The fine showing of these schools can be attributed in no small part to the zeal with
which Rev. Francis T. Kanaley organized and directed the work.
The Private Schools — the Buffalo Seminary, Park School, Elmwood School and Nichols School
— were organized for Liberty Loan work by a committee led by Walter D. Head, the Master of
the Nichols School, and Miss L. Gertrude Angell, Principal of the Buffalo Seminary. The re-
maining members of the Committee were Miss Mary H. Lewis of the Park School and Miss
Charlotte K. Holbi'ooke of the Elmwood School. In the Fourth Loan the private schools sold
$309,200 of bonds against a quota of $50,000, while in the Fifth Loan their total sales were $397,500.
The pupils of the private schools also gave great assistance to the Liberty Loan Organization
in circulating literature, posting "Double The Third" slogan targets, and furnishing cars for
the use of the Speakers Bureau.
FRATERNAL ORGANIZATIONS
The Committee on Fraternal Organizations and Clubs left a noteworthy record in the Liberty
Loan campaigns. In the Second campaign it turned in subscriptions totaling $1,468,850; in the
Third $1,455,950; in the Fourth $1,756,470; and in the Fifth $1,647,300. John A. Kloepfer was
Chairman and Horace B. Pomeroy Secretary of the Committee in all of the campaigns. In the
Fourth and Fifth Loans, Ernest W. Mclntyre was Vice-Chairman and Fred .1. Waldo, Assist-
Temple Beth Zion's Appeal
Buffalo's Part in the World War
469
ant Secretary. The work of the Committee was to organize a Liberty Loan campaign within
every fraternal body, association, club and society in Buffalo, and to direct through these sub-
committees an aggressive crusade for the sale of the bonds. The Committee conducted excellent
campaigns, not only organizing the Liberty Loan sub-committees in all of the clubs and societies
but prepared sales plans, opened sales booths and organized within the clubs and societies meet-
ings which were addressed by Liberty Loan speakers requisitioned from the Speakers Bureau.
In addition this industrious committee circularized the membership of many of the organiza-
tions and went far in assisting the sub-committees in their effort to obtain 100 per cent records
for the clubs — "every member a bond owner." The Committee was at the time an important
selling organization and a valuable publicity agency. Its activities reached out into more than
three hundred organized groups of the city.
PUBLIC EMPLOYEES COMMITTEE
The Public Employees Committee was created to canvass the Federal, State, County and
City employees located in Buffalo. The Committee was headed by Major Louis P. Fuhrmann
in the first two campaigns and by Mayor George S. Buck during the Third, Fourth and Fifth
Campaigns, both of whom co-operated closely with Chairman Cooke and Director of Distri-
bution McNulty. Charles H. Armitage was Secretary of the Committee in the last three
campaigns. The Committee was assisted in the active work of canvassing by subcom-
mittees organized in every department and bureau of the City Government and in every de-
partment of the Federal, State and County Governments located in the city. There were sub-
committees in the Departments of Finance and Accounts, Public Works, Parks and Public Build-
ings, Public Affairs, Police and Fire. A special sub-committee handled the remaining city depart-
ments through the Mayor's office. This committee took charge of canvassing the employees of
the Health Department, Department of Hospitals and Dispensaries, J. N. Adam Memorial
Hospital, City Court, Civil Service Commission, Public Markets, PubHc Libraries, Grade Cros-
sing Commission, Railroad Terminal Commission, and Examining Board of Plumbers.
.\lr^, Jnlin Iv. Pratt, ( 'liuimiuii. Women's Committee of the Second Federal Reserve District,
and Leaders of the Women's Committee of Buffalo
470 Buffalo's Part in the World War
The County employees were divided into two groups — one including the employees of the
Department of Charities and Correction, and the other comprising the offices of the Commis-
sion of Jurors, District Attorney, Sheriff, Treasurer, Purchasing Agent, Auditor, Surrogate,
Probation Officer, Bureau of Elections, County Engineer, and County Clerk.
The Federal employees were canvassed by a sub-committee composed of men engaged in that
service. This sub-committee canvassed the employees of the United States District Court, Customs
Office, Post Office, Internal Revenue Office and Office of the United States Attorney.
The canvass of the State employees was conducted by men engaged in the service of that
subdivision of the Government. The committee canvassed the Buffalo employees of the State
Agriculture Department, State Election Bureau, State Highway Department, State Hospitals,
State Engineering Department, State Industrial Commission and State Excise Department.
The total subscriptions obtained by the Public Employees Committee amounted to $346,000
in the Second Loan; $557,050 in the Third Loan; $627,250 in the Fourth Loan; and $575,000 in
the Victory Loan. The greatest number of subscriptions obtained by the committee in any one
Loan was in the Fourth, when the figure reached 7,266.
BANKS
Buffalo's fine achievements in the Liberty Loan Campaigns would have been impossible with-
out the united and generous support of the local banks. That splendid support was forthcoming
in all of the campaigns. Under the guidance of the Committee on Banks, of which Myron S.
Hall, President of the Buffalo Trust Company, was Chairman, in each of the Loans the banks
agreed on a uniform plan for extending generous terms of credit to purchasers of Liberty Bonds.
These arrangements were vital to the success of the campaigns and indispensable in carrying out
the Treasury Department's wish that purchases of bonds be made from future income rather than
from accumulated savings. Were purchasers of a five billion dollar issue of bonds made in cash
upon delivery of the bonds, and were the cash withdrawn from the banks of the country to meet
the payments, it is evident that the credit system of the country would be at once disorganized.
The banks of the city bore the tremendous burden in acting as agent for the Treasury De-
partment in collecting payments on all subscriptions and in handling the delivery of all bonds.
Every subscription, no matter through what source it was made, ultimately reached one of the
banks of the city, which eventually collected the payments thereon and made delivery of the
bonds called for under the subscription. This required that each bank build up a special Liberty
Loan Department to handle this work. The expense of maintaining these departments was
borne by the banks themselves without cost to the Treasury Department, the Federal Bank or
the Buffalo Liberty Loan Committee.
After the Second Campaign the commercial banks and trust companies were not asked by the
Liberty Loan Committee to make subscriptions on their own account. It was the policy of the
Committee to leave the resources of the banks free to finance the industrial operations of the
city and place the burden of carrying the Loans upon the citizens of Buffalo. The banks always
stood ready to come to the aid of the Committee with substantial subscriptions, but the Com-
mittee adhered strictly to its policy, and during the last three campaigns received no subscrip-
tions from the institutions financing the mercantile and industrial establishments. The Savings
Banks, however, were substantial subscribers to all of the Loans. At the opening of the Fourth
Campaign they were the first to respond to the campaign slogan "Double The Third", and in-
creased by 100 per cent their subscriptions to the Loan of the spring of 1918. In doubling
the Third the Buffalo Savings Bank and the Erie County Savings Bank each sub-
scribed for $2,000,000; the Western Savings Bank and the American Savings Bank for
$500,000 each. In the Fifth Loan the Buffalo Savings Bank subscribed for $5,000,000 and
the Erie County Savings Bank for $2,000,000. The Bankers Committee rendered invaluable service
to the various selling committees by urging generous subscriptions on the part of their customers
and by making those subscriptions possible by the liberal extension of credit. In the Fifth Campaign
Buffalo's Part in the World War 471
the banks furnished the membership of the "Not Enough Committee." Mr. Myron S. Hall
was Chairman of this Committee. Below its Chairman the Committee was made up of junior
officers of the banks who each day reviewed all subscriptions of $1,000 or more to determine
whether or not the same were adequate. Possessing an accurate knowledge of the subscriber's
financial position, the members of this Committee were able to render a service which no other
group of men could have rendered, and which resulted in a single Loan in increasing by over one
million dollars the subscriptions which passed under their scrutiny.
SPECIAL SUBSCRIPTIONS COMMITTEE
The Special Subscriptions Committee was organized at the beginning of the Second Campaign.
Under the energetic and tactful leadership of Mr. Harry T. Ramsdell, President of the Manu-
facturers and Traders National Bank, it made a brilliant record. Its function at the time of its
organization was to readjust the perspective of men who would ordinarily subscribe for $10,000 of
bonds, but who by the liberal use of credit could subscribe for $50,000. Without such a readjust-
ment of perspective, Buffalo could never have attained its quota of $55,000,000 in the Second
Loan or its large quotas of the later Loans. Mr. Ramsdell's Committee taught the citizens of Buffalo
that war financing was a gigantic operation which required individual effort undreamed of in
times of peace. The Committee was not designed to seek out subscriptions of $100,000 or more.
That was the work of other agencies. Its activities were limited to raising the $10,000 and
$25,000 subscriptions to $50,000. On Mr. Ramsdell's roll of honor at the close of the Second
Loan were the names of 268 individuals and corporations who subscribed for $50,000 each and
three who subscribed for $100,000 each. The total subscriptions obtained by the Committee
amounted to $13,700,000, of which $8,000,000 was undoubtedly new money brought in by the
efforts of the Committee. In the Third Loan the Committee obtained $15,769,000 of subscrip-
tions. Having performed this important work of re-education in the Second and Third Loans,
the Committee enlarged its field in the Fourth and Fifth Campaigns and generally solicited all
subscriptions of $50,000 or more.
DINNERS AND LUNCHEONS
While the pressure of work placed a limitation on the development of the social side of the
Organization, it was by no means neglected and was the source of much inspiration and pleasure.
Each campaign opened and closed with an Organization dinner. At the dinner which marked
the opening of the last four loans Chairman Cooke, in his keynote utterances, delivered some of
the most stirring addresses of the campaigns. Ambassador Henry T. Morgenthau spoke at the
opening of the Fourth Loan and Attorney General A. Mitchell Palmer at the opening of the
Fifth. Dr. George E. Vincent, President of the Rockefeller Foundation, was the principal speaker
at the dinner which closed the Fourth Campaign and C. Wallace Petty of New York, at the final
gathering of the Fifth. Their brilliant addresses will long be remembered by those who heard them.
Daily noon-day luncheons were held during the campaigns and were of great aid in developing
and sustaining the enthusiasm of the Organization. At the luncheons announcement was made
of the status of the campaign at that hour and the honor roll was read giving the names of the
committees which had reached their quotas or whose work had been particularly commendable
on the preceding day. Aside from the social feature of the noon-day luncheons they stimulated
the spirit of rivalry and competition among the committees and served as a relaxation for the
overwrought nerves of the workers. Among the speakers at the luncheons in the Second Loan
were Newell Dwight Hillis, John R. Mott, Samuel V. V. Holmes, John Drew, William J. Bryan,
Cameron J. Davis, Andrew V. V. Raymond, Rev. Thomas J. Walsh, Rabbi Louis J. Kopald,
Richard W. Boynton, John J. Virgo, and Christopher G. Grauer. In the Third Loan, the list
included: Hon. J. Sloat Fassett, of Elmira; Senator James W. Wadsworth, Representative S.
Wallace Dempsey, Governor Charles S. Whitman, Mrs. Helen Z. M. Rodgers, Dr. Frank G.
Ferry, President of Hamilton College; Rabbi Max Drob, former Mayor Louis P. Fuhrmann, Rev.
472 Buffalo's Part in the World War
S. V. V. Holmes, Sergeant Verne Marshall, Bishop E. J. Johnson of Cape Town, James M. Curly,
former Mayor of Boston, and Daniel A. Reed. Among the luncheon speakers in the Fourth Loan
were Job Hedges, J. Sloat Fassett, Dr. Jacob Gould Schurman, Dr. S. V. V. Holmes and Rev.
Richard Wilson Boynton, Governor Alfred A. Smith, Senator James W. Wadsworth Jr., and former
Governor WTiitman, Sir Arthur Yapp, Lieutenant John Philip Sousa and Bill Hart. In the Fifth
Loan inspiring speeches were made by Lieutenant Karl A. Wilhelm, Job E. Hedges, Daniel A.
Reed, Mrs. Basil Clark, Admiral William S. Sims, Rabbi Louis J. Kopald, Chaplain John C.
Ward, Sergeant Roderick MacGregor, Colonel William J. Donovan, Walter R. Lord, Edward B.
Hatch, Colonel William Hayward and John Lord O'Brian.
SUBSCRIPTIONS DEPARTMENT
The Subscriptions Department was organized for the purpose of receiving subscriptions ob-
tained by the solicitors of the bond-seUing agencies of the Organization and passing them on to
the banks which the subscribers had indicated as the place for final payment and delivery of the
bonds called for in the application. During the First Campaign the Department was managed
by Mr. Howard Bissell, Vice-President of the People's Bank. During the Second Loan it was
managed by Mr. A. G. Haselbauer of the Marine National Bank, and during the Third, Fourth
and Fifth Loans its work was directed by Merle H. Denison, Secretary and Treasurer of the Fidel-
ity Trust Company. During the First and Second Loans the Department had ci'amped accom-
modations in the headquarters at No. 302 Main Street. In the Third Loan it was located at No.
21 West Swan Street in the quarters adjoining those occupied by the Publicity Department.
In the Fourth Loan it had the fine banking room formerly occupied by the Bankers' Trust Com-
pany in the Chamber of Commerce Building, and in the Fifth Loan it was equally well housed
in the former quarters of the Bank of Buffalo , at Main and Seneca Streets, which had become the
property of the Erie Finance Corporation. The Chamber of Commerce and Erie Finance Corpo-
ration generously contributed these quarters for the use of the Department.
In the First, Second and Third Campaigns the record of the Department consisted of a card
catalogue of all subscriptions passing through the Department and bank letters on which each
bank had receipted item for item, for each subscription sent to it by the Liberty Loan Committee.
A record card was made for each subscription received. The cards gave the name of the subscri-
ber, address, amount of subscription, amount of down payment, the date of the subscription,
and the bank through which the transaction was to be handled. These cards were used in all
five campaigns. In the first three campaigns the original application, with the attached initial
payment, in currency or check, accompanied the bank letters. Between the Third and Fourth
Loans, Mr. Denison, in conjunction with Vice-Chairman Crofts, organized the Department on a
banking basis. The new system proved one hundred per cent efficient, for the Department handled
over ninety million dollars of subscriptions in the Fourth and Fifth Loans without a single ei-ror.
The new system was designed to make easy the work of tracing subscriptions which failed
promptly to reach their banking destination, and also to afford a protection to bond salesmen
who had received payments from subsciibers and delivered them to the Subscriptions Department.
In the Fourth Campaign the Department handled about 110,000 subscriptions aggregating $45,-
000,000, accompanied by $610,000 of initial cash payments and $3,500,000 of payments in checks.
In the Fifth Loan the subscriptions passing through the Department totaled $44,717,650 on
which the initial payments amounted to $2,348,926.
In both the Third and Fourth Loans the banks of the city contributed the services of their
best tellers and clerks. Among those who rendered most valuable services were Edward F. Ben-
ner, A. G. Haselbauer of the Marine Trust Company, Charles J. Barry and Albert McMullen
of the Manufacturers & Traders National Bank, Clyde E. Conrad of the City Trust Company,
and Harold Connor of the Buffalo Trust Company. In the Fourth and Fifth Loans Mrs. Edmund
B. Neil, a volunteer in the organization, handled the delivery to the banks of ninety million
dollars of subscriptions. Her work was done with marvelous skill and deserves particular
Buffalo's Part in the World War
473
The Committee on Banks, Myron S. Hall, Chairman
The Executive Committee of the Organization in the Third Loan
474 Buffalo's Part in the World War
mention. In the Fifth Loan Byron J. Erb was assistant manager of the Department. He did
excellent work and carried a large part of the burden.
STATISTICAL DEPARTMENT
The Statistical Department was organized before the opening of the Fourth Campaign for the
purpose of assembling data from which could be compiled a daily official report which would
reflect the real status of the campaign. The daily report of the Buffalo Clearing House Associa-
tion of the total number and amount of subscriptions reported to it by the banks of the city
could not reflect the condition of the campaign on the day on which the report was issued. It
was to correct this discrepancy and to make possible the daily issuance of a true official report
that Mrs. George D. Crofts organized the Statistical Department and managed it through the
Fourth and Fifth Campaigns.
The sources of information of the Statistical Department were the Buffalo Clearing House As-
sociation, the members of the selling committees of the Distribution Department and the Com-
mittee on Special Subscriptions. From the former the Department received each day a card rec-
ord of all subscriptions of $1,000 or more; and from the latter it received information of all large
subscriptions which had been received or promised, even though those subscriptions had not yet
passed through the Subscriptions Department or through any of the banks. Most of the subscrip-
tions of $50,000 or more were reported to the Statistical Department before they were actually
received by the banks or reported to the Clearing House. "Promise" cards, as distinguished from
real subscription cards received from the Clearing House, were filed in a separate drawer and
were checked each day against the Clearing House records. When a "promise" was reported
through the Clearing House it was at once withdrawn from the "promise" file. The official An-
nouncement issued each day by Chairman Cooke was made up of the Clearing House total plus
sufficient of the "promise" subscriptions to reflect the real conditions of the campaign.
While the Statistical Department was organized for the purpose of preparing an accurate of-
ficial daily report it at once developed into a valuable aid to the selling organization. During
both the Fourth and Fifth Campaigns it daily furnished to the Distribution Department a card
record of every subscription of $1,000 or more reported by the Buffalo banks to the Clearing
House Association, and before the opening of the Fifth Campaign furnished to the Distribution
chiefs and to the Division Chiefs of the Trades Advisory Committee a complete tabulation of the
subscriptions in the Second, Third and Fourth Loans of each individual who had subscribed for
$1,000 or more of the bonds of any one of those issues. The Statistical Department, from its
"promise" cards made up each day a list of "promise" subscriptions which had not come promptly
through the Clearing House. These lists were furnished to the chairman of the selling committee
which would naturally obtain the subscription and he in turn would have the delinquent sub-
scription followed up. Three days before the end of the Fourth and Fifth Campaigns the head
of the Statistical Department telephoned direct to each subscriber for $25,000 or more whose
subscription had not yet been reported by the Clearing House, and on the final day of the cam-
paign prepared a list of outstanding "promises" with a record of the bank through which the sub-
scription was claimed to have been placed. On the afternoon of the closing day of the Campaign
these records were checked with the banks concerned by Chairman Cooke and Vice-Chairmen
Barcalo and Crofts.
The writer cannot express his real appreciation of the management of the Statistical Depart-
ment lest his admiration for the unusual abilities of its head lead him to extravagance.
Mrs. Maude E. Applegate, who in the Third Loan was assistant to the Treasurer in charge of
purchasing and accounting, organized and operated the Purchasing Department in the Fourth
and Fifth Loans. She awarded all contracts for equipment, printing and supplies and selected
and engaged the clerical and stenographic force for the entire organization. Her activities, which
were varied and arduous, began two months before the opening of a campaign and continued for
weeks after its close. Before each Loan she transformed the vacant stores and rooms at 11-19
Buffalo's Part in the World War 475
West Swan Street into comfortable headquarters offices, borrowing vanloads of furniture from the
merchants of Buffalo, setting up a telephone service to carry in three weeks 100,000 messages
from fifty busy desks, and providing all the equipment essential to the orderly conduct of a great
business. During the campaigns her offices at headquarters were busy from early morning until
late at night. She was unsparing in her effort and left behind her a fine record for efficiency,
courtesy and tactfulness.
THE TREASURERS
John L. Tiernon Jr., was Treasurer and office manager of the Second and Third Campaigns.
He was one of the men upon whom Chairman Cooke called at the very opening of the Second
Loan and almost over night he created the office organization for that campaign. In both the
Second and Third Loans the collecting, accounting and banking of expense moneys, the pur-
chase of all supplies and equipment and the hiring and managing of the clerical help was carried
on under his direction. In the Fourth Campaign, Mr. Tiernon undertook the important work of
the Out-of-Town Subscriptions Committee which under his energetic and capable leadership ob-
tained a total of $7,193,600 of subscriptions to the Fifth Loan.
Mrs. Edward H. Butler's work in the Fourth and Fifth Campaigns in the important office of
Treasurer has already been noted in connection with her splendid reports, which are the basis
of all definite statements and conclusions regarding the result of the Liberty Loan work in Buf-
falo during those campaigns. She entered upon her work with enthusiasm and carried it through
to its final conclusion with scrupulous attention to accuracy, completeness and dispatch. Much
of the accounting system and classifications as finally developed were organized and installed by
her, and the Liberty Loan Organization is fortunate in having, as a result of her painstaking
efforts, a model set of financial records and a splendid financial statement. Her work is the more
worthy of commendation in that she transferred to the financial department of the entire Organi-
zation in the last two Loans the same industry, tact, sound business judgment and success that
marked her leadership of the Women's Committee in the Third Campaign.
No history of the Buffalo Liberty Loan Organization can conclude without expression of the
debt of gratitude which Buffalo and Buffalonians owe to Walter P. Cooke whose splendid leader-
ship made possible the results here recorded. The elements of success had long been present in
the city, but in an undertaking of such magnitude there was needed a focal point about which
these elements could and would integrate. Mr. Cooke in a unique way held the confidence and
respect of the city. He believed in the city and the citizens believed in him. The city was
ready and willing to follow his leadership, and he accepted their confidence as a sacred trust.
How wisely he employed this public confidence and trust, and developed it from day to day
and from campaign to campaign into purposeful city-wide co-operative action, is a remarkable
story in itself. Much was expected of him and he met the expectation fully, giving freely of
himself, and never demanding more of his associates than he was willing to give. He has mod-
estly refused to accept the popular verdict that the success of the Liberty Loan work was due
to his leadership. But no one can select another citizen of Buffalo so fortunately placed, so
favorably known, and so varied in interests and experience, who could have contributed in the
vast way he did the elements of position, personality, influence, popularity and ability that
through him told so mightily in the sum total of Buffalo's Liberty Loan successes.
The Great War is ended. Our boys have marched out from their French billets, said farewell
to their comrades who sleep beneath the little wooden crosses in a foreign land, and in thronging
convoys have sailed westward to America and home. They have laid aside the olive drab and
navy blue, and no longer wake in a strange land to the bugle call of reveille. They are walking
our streets, are back at the desks or in the shop and factory busy with the everyday tasks they
laid aside two short years ago when the summons came to fight for liberty. No longer the flying
flags canopy the Avenue of Allies. It is Main Street once again. The bulletin boards and shop
windows are bare of the signs that but a few months ago told us to choose between Hun
or Home, to buy bonds to our utmost, to see it through, to finish the job. The hurrying
476
Buffalo's Part in the World War
Liberty Bonds
Buffalo's Part in the World War 477
throngs have left the Liberty Loan headquarters. Their work is done. The chapter is closed.
And yet the work of the Liberty Loan and the other war activities from May, 1917, to May,
1919, have left an impress on the life of Buffalo that will continue for years to come. The
Liberty Loan Organization had its strength and retained its influence because of the compre-
hensiveness of its organization. The Liberty Loan Organization was Buffalo. Guided by the active
workers numbering three thousand, it reached out to include every church, every school, every
shop, every factory, every plant, every office and every home in the city. It knew no east side
nor west side, no north side nor south side— it was Buffalo. The lines between the rich and the poor,
labor and capital, employer and employee, Catholic, Protestant and Jew, white and colored,
were lines of demarcation that vanished in the cause of raising the moneys that were to back
our soldiers and sailors in a fight to the finish.
And with it all was a spirit of solidarity, a spirit of optimism, a spirit of co-operation and a de-
termination to win in spite of every obstacle — a spirit that brooked no interference and drove
straight on to success.
No city can go through such an experience of its entire citizenship banded together for unsel-
fish public service and remain unchanged. No city can face the impossible five times and accom-
plish it with a wide margin to spare without the creation of a fundamental belief in itself, if hitherto
such faith was missing.
The typical Buffalonian of a few years ago has been described as one who asked of each visitor
to our city, "What is the matter with Buffalo?" and then spent half an hour apologetically ex-
plaining to the stranger what really was the matter. We no longer apologize. We boast. We no
longer doubt. We know our strength. We have been put to the test and have risen high above
American cities in practical evidence of our resources, energy, loyalty and patriotism. Confi-
dence has taken the place of doubt. Optimism has taken the place of criticism. We have given
much and have become richer in the giving.
George D. Crofts, Vice-Chairman
Liberty Loan Committee.
LIBERTY LOANS IN TOWNS OF ERIE COUNTY
The history of the men and women who went into the service of the United States during the
Great War, and of those who remained at home, is as honorable and distinguished in the towns
of Erie County as it is in the City of Buffalo. The young men responded to the call when it came
with the same degree of patriotism and earnestness as their city brothers. Young women dropped
their home ties and either went overseas with the Red Cross or Y. M. C. A. and other contingents,
or, if at home, carried on the war work that came up with a splendid spirit of cooperation.
Each town has a record of its own. Some lost many men in killed and wounded, some escaped
with hardly a man lost, some had men who went through nearly all the great battles in which
the Americans took part, and very few there were that did not have a number of men in one
or more battles. Citations were made and medals granted to the brave boys who jjerformed
particularly heroic acts on the field of battle, and several Erie County men from the towns
held high rank in the forces of the A. E. F., as is instanced by the story of General Nolan before-
mentioned in this history, and who came from Akron, town of Newsted, New York.
Much of this is told in the general story of the war as set forth in these pages, but a few facts
that stand out are given here.
The town of Alden, though it had its full share of men in the service and was well represented
overseas, lost but one man killed. This was the same with the towns of Boston and Wales. The
towns of Brant, Clarence, Golden, Collins, Elma, Holland, Sardinia and West Seneca had two
killed each. East Hamburg lost four by death and in action, Eden and North Collins five each,
Amherst and Concord six, Cheektowaga nine, Newsted ten, Lancaster and Lackawanna City
twelve each, Hamburg fourteen and Tonawanda, including Kenmore and the Erie County
portion of the City of Tonawanda, twenty-six.
478 Buffalo's Part in the World War
The village of Williamsville in the town of Amherst had several men who saw much active
and interesting service. Captain William F. Schohl went away with the old 65th, afterward the
3rd Field Artillery and later the 106th Field Artillery. He had a very creditable share in the
achievements of that regiment, the history of which is told in these pages. His work was so
efficient that he came back an acting Major, and his career is one that does his town honor.
Dr. Harry B. Huver of Williamsville was another resident of that township that saw some
thrilling and unique work. He was the first medical man in Base Hospital No. 115. He opened
the hospital in the Ruhl Hotel at Vichy and was chief of the Maxillo facial service. He was
with the American Ambulance and Vanderbilt Hospital, which originally had 650 French patients
but was soon after evacuated and filled to overflowing with 1,600 American patients. At the
Mchy hospital he frequently worked from 4 o'clock in the morning to 10 at night because the
Boche bombed the hospital almost nightly for six weeks.
The town of Golden was honored in many ways, especially by a citation and award to 1st
Lieut. Warren Z. Dell.
The town of Collins was honored by the citation of Herbert W. Mackmer, who was killed in
action in the Argonne Forest Sept. 27, 1918. The official citation reads:
"Private Herbert W. Mackmer (deceased) Company A, 305 Infantry. For extraordinary heroism in action near
Carrefour de Meurrussons, France, September 27, 1918. When his platoon encountered intense fire from hostile
trench mortars and machine guns, Private Mackmer took up an exposed position on the flank and with his automatic
rifle covered the withdrawal of the platoon to a protected position, sacrificing his life in so doing."
The town of Hamburg was honored by having George A. Piatt, a Y. M. G. A. worker, cited
by two Major Generals for serving under fire on the Marne and in the Argonne with the Third
American Division. Mr. Piatt was included in the citation of the entire Third Division "Y"
unit made by Major General Dickman, and in a citation by Major General Howze his name
appears for bravery at the Marne.
" During the days begining July 14, 1918, when the enemy made their attack, the Y. M. C. A., through its faithful
members at their posts of duty, not only with chocolate and cakes and tobacco, cheered our soldiers, but were of
eflScient assistance to our medical staff in caring for the wounded. Hot chocolate was served in many cases free, both
day and night to the wounded men and ambulance drivers," is the wording of the citation.
Mr. Piatt arrived in France May 17, 1918, and was sent to the front at his own request,
where he served until the Armistice was signed. He crossed the front with the Second Division.
Probably no man in Erie County saw more service or had more varied experience than Oral
F. Gaylord of North Collins. He was drafted June 18, 1917, was attached to the 78th Division
in this country and was one of the twenty-eight men who volunteered to be transferred to the
Third Division which was going overseas immediately. That was in April, 1918. Gaylord saw
service at the Marne front, and later when his regiment, the 7th United States Infantry, was
assigned temporarily to the Second Division to relieve the Marines at Belleau Wood, he took
part in that fight and there won a citation and medal of honor.
CITATIONS AND CERTIFICATES OF ORAL F. GAYLORD
Translation
General Headquarters of the
French Armies of the East, Staff Personal Bureau Order No. 12,161 "D" (Extract)
(Decorations)
With the approbation of the Chief Commander in Chief of the American Expeditionary Forces in France, the
Marshal of France, Commander in Chief of the French Armies of the East, Cites in the order of the regiment:
Private Oral F. Gaylord, 7 Regiment Infantry
"During the operation of the Marne July 15-29, 1918, he went behind a sector occupied by Company G and far
to the rear, in spite of a violent bombardment, in order to carry assistance to a wounded man."
At General Headquarters December 7, 1918
The Marshal of France
From Original Extract, Commander in Chief of the French Armies of the East.
The Lieutenant-Colonel, Chief of Personal Bureau. Retain.
Buffalo's Part in the World War 479
He was also cited by the Major General in command of his division and received the following
citation from General Pershing:
Private Oral F. Gaylord, Hospital Corps, Company E, 7th Infantry, for Distinguished and Exceptional Gal-
lantry at Bois de Belleau on 18 June 1918, in the operations of the American Expeditionary Forces,
In Testimony Thereof, and as an Expression of Appreciation of his Valor, I award him this Citation.
Awarded on 27th of March, 1919.
(Signed) John J. Pershing,
Commander in Chief.
The town of Tonawanda-Kenmore was honored in having Sergeant Gordon H. Moore cited for
courage and meritorious services at the Battle of the Le Selle River. The citation reads as follows:
"Special Orders Headquarters 27th Division
No. 49 American E. F., France
(Extract) February 16, 1919.
2. The following named soldiers are commended for meritorious services hereinafter mentioned:
Sergeant Gordon H. Moore, Company M. 108th Infantry. For courage and qualities of leadership displayed
when commanding a platoon of his company in the battle of the Le Selle River, October 17, 1918.
By Command of Major General O'Ryan:
Official W. S. Raymond, Colonel, G. S.
Tristram Tupper, Chief of Staff.
Adjutant General
Division Adjutant."
The Liberty Loan drives for Erie County outside of Buffalo were conducted separately and
apart from the Buffalo campaigns, although at the same time and under similar conditions. The
Government representative, Ray Morris of this Federal Reserve district, was lucky in securing
as Chairman for the towns outside of Buffalo, Otho Churchill of the Bank of Hamburg, Ham-
burg, N. Y.
The First and Second drives were conducted by each town on its own initiative and no records
were kept in most cases; but the Third, Fourth and Fifth drives were organized by Mr. Churchill.
Using the organizations in the several towns, and by correspondence, personal calls and the
telephone, he organized the twenty-five towns and two cities in a remarkably short time. That
this work was successful is demonstrated by the fact that in these drives virtually all the towns
of Erie County went over the top for increased percentages.
The record of the towns in these drives is as follows:
The town of Alden was under the Chairmanship of Frank L. Barnet and the following Chairmen of sub-committees
and workers: Otto H. Wende, Dr. B. K. Gipple, B. L. Bensley, Rev. W. H. Leach, E. W. Gilmore, A. E. Franz,
Dr. C. A. Tyler, R. I. Dickinson, G. F. Ayers, E. R. Pauler; Woman's Committee, Mrs. J. P. Diehl, Miss Mabel E.
Durkee, Miss Florence Weisbeck, Mrs. Frank Schenk.
The results achieved were as follows: Third Loan, quota, $46,800; subscription, $63,400; Fourth Loan, quota,
$79,000, subscription, $59,650; Fifth Loan, quota, $48,100, subscription, $60,000.
The town of Amherst was under the Chairmanship of George L. Helfter and the following sub-committee Chairmen
and workers: Benjamin Miller, Secretary, Publicity Committee, George J. Measer, with an executive committee of
R. G. Wright, L. L. Grove, Howard G. Britting, H. B. Long, L. P. Snyder, James Chalmers, E. B. Walker, William
Suor, Albert Meyer and H. H. Pratt.
The results achieved were as follows: Third Loan, quota, $87,000, subscription, $172,500: Fourth Loan, quota,
$200,000, subscription, $238,450; Fifth Loan, quota, $150,000, subscription, $169,300.
The town of Aurora was under the Chairmanship of B. F.Webster, and the following sub-Chairman and workers;
Executive Committee, George E. Merrill and Richard S. Persons; Speakers, Wells W. Parker; Publicity, A. E. Ham-
mond; Statistical, Clarence W. Gail; Woman's, Mrs. A. E. Nield; Chairmen of Districts: No. 1, Alfred Brother-
hood; No. 2, Guernsey Camp; No. 3, Elbert Hubbard II; No. 4, Dr. E. W. Buffum; No. 5, Clarence Lamb; No. 6,
Myron A. Paul. The results achieved were as follows: Third Loan, quota, $91,200, subscriptions, $183,000; Fourth
Loan, quota, $435,900, subscription, $439,900; Fifth Loan, quota, $278,000, subscription, $329,400.
The town of Boston was under the Chairmanship of Frank X. Weber with Jacob C. Brodbeck, Secretary and the
following sub-Chairmen and workers: Districts No. 1, P. H. Dye; No. 2, Howell Drake; No. 3, Walter Wolheuter;
No. 4, Fred Frank; No. 5, Charles Rice; No. 6, Edward Shero; No. 7, Theo. Ziecker, Charles Pfarner. The results
achieved were as follows: Third Loan, quota, $30,000, subscription, $33,500; Fourth Loan, quota, $35,000, sub-
scription, $26,250; Fifth Loan, quota, $20,000 subscription, $20,300.
480
Buffalo's Part in the World War
Buffalo's Part in the World War 481
The town of Brant was under the Chairmanship of J. C. Schwert and the following sub-committees and workers:
Farnham Committee, John Carbeck, Dr. T. H. Johnson, Thomas J. Walker, E. J. Berns, A. F. Berns, 1. M. Garrison,
James Pizzolanti; Woman's Committee, Miss Alice Winters, Miss Freda Grundkowska, Miss Hazeille Mix. Brant
Committee, Frank Lehley, Chairman; Jacob Buzenburg, Martin Kruhl, George Lehley, Rev. Father Sella, Sebastian
LaGrasso. Woman's Committee, Mabel Kirby, Chairman; Mrs. Frank Lehley, Miss Williams.
The results achieved were as follows: Third Loan, quota, $50,000, subscription, $61,000; Fourth Loan, quota,
$60,000, subscription, $64,700; Fifth Loan, quota, $48,000, subscription, $25,000.
The town of Cheektowaga was under the Chairmanship of Edward S. Rapin for the Third Loan and A. C. Stock
for the Fourth and Fifth Loans, with the following sub-committees and workers: For Forks, N. Y., L. Hitchcock,
Frank Fisher, J. Pelloth, William W. Besser Jr., Emil Fernback, John P. Rupp, Herman Bloomquist, Fred Kiel,
Henry Beuttner. For Depew, John English and Lawrence TenEyek; for Station E. William P. Greiner, Edward
Rapin Jr.
The results achieved were as follows: Third Loan, quota, $60,000, subscription, $70,000; Fourth Loan, quota,
$40,000, subscription, $247,000; Fifth Loan, quota, $32,000, subscription, $187,400.
The town of Clarence was under the Chairmanship of John R. Ebersole with the following Executive Committee:
C. Krehbiel, Fred Schadd, A. Zurbrick, Erwin Grove, Sherman Longnecker, Edward Weinange, Harry Judd, Olin
Trib, Charles Heist, Prof. F. Weeks, Oliver Lieb; Woman's Committee, Mrs. A. C. Weinsange, Mrs. Mary E. Parker,
Mrs. J. K. Lapp, Mrs. C. H. Tracy, Miss Ella Youngs, Miss Irene Larkin, Miss Florence Lout, Miss Florence Schoen-
thaler.
The results achieved were as follows: Third Loan, quota, $25,000, subscription, $17,000; Fourth Loan (figures
from the Chairman of County), quota, $90,000, subscription, $30,000; Fifth Loan (same figures), quota, $25,000,
subscription, $36,500.
CLARENCE CENTER LIBERTY LOAN WORKERS
Wovieii's Committee — Mrs. E. W. Eshelman, Chairman; Mrs. J. W. Schettler, Mrs. O. A. Martin, Mrs. Aaron
Weidman, Mrs. Kate Schaad, Mrs. M. Daniels, Mrs. Philip Pautler, Mrs. Wm. Bollman, Mrs. Henry Secrist, Mrs.
Geo. Muegel, Dr. Harrington, Miss Ida Blocher, Miss F. Luella Krehbiel, Miss Luella Eshelman, Miss Helen
Meisner, Miss Ellen Wendler.
Men's Committee — Karl Krehbiel, Chairman; Fred Schaad, A. Zurbrick, Dr. Harrington, Philip Pautler, H.
Daniels, H. Secrist, Wm. Bollman, Bert Kanhels.
The town of Colden was under the Chairmanship of George W. French, with the following Chairmen of sub-com-
mittees and workers: 0. J. Colburn, H. N. Partridge, Lee Sullivan, Fred Sweetapple, William Brink, Allen Materson,
and Harlow Shelly; Woman's Committee, Mrs. George W. French, Chairman; Mrs. O. J. Colburn, Mrs. H. N.
Partridge, Mrs. James Banker, Mrs. Lee Fuller, Mrs. Sweetapple, Mrs. John Sullivan, Mrs. Chadwick.
The results achieved were as follows: Third Loan, quota, $14,000, subscription, $18,000; Fourth Loan, quota,
$30,000, subscription, $14,550; Fifth Loan, quota, $12,000, subscription, $16,100.
The town of Collins was under the Chairmanship of Ward J. Wilbur with the following Chairmen of sub-committees
and workers; Ward T. Tarbox, Lito W. Law, H. A. Reynolds, Dr. C. A. Potter. Chairman Woman's Committee,
Mrs. Ward J.Wilbur, Mrs. Sumner W.Werner Vice-Chairman; Mrs. Emily P. Lincoln, Chairman Indian School District
Mrs. C. A. Potter, Chairman Gowanda State Hospital District; Mrs. Mary E. Etsler, Chairman Collins District.
The results achieved were as follows: Third Loan, quota, $40,000; Fourth Loan, quota, $85,000, subscription,
$109,500; Fifth Loan, quota, $68,000, subscription, $100,400.
The town of Concord was under the Chairmanship of E. N. Bull for the Third and Fourth Loans and E. A. Scott
for the Fifth Loan, with the following Chairmen of sub-committees and workers; B. E. Austin, Manager for Spring-
ville; Prof. B. D. McCormick, Farm Team Supervisor; Ellis Brown, Publicity; William E. Bensley, Speakers
Bureau; A. J. Fitzpatrick, James H. Gray, Harry S. Gray, Dr. R. B. Waite, F. 0. Smith, Ira H. Vail, Stanley D.
Smith, Warren D. White, Dr. M. N. Brooks, Wilson Bennett, Lloyd Ware, Allen Smith, Wendell C. Morton, Elwin
C. Vance, Glenn S. Warner, Glenn Woodward.
The result achieved were as follows: Third Loan, quota, $80,000, subscription, $140,000; Fourth Loan, quota,
$228,600; subscription, $229,700; Fifth Loan, quota, $164,700, subscription, $164,700.
The town of East Hamburg was under the Chairmanship of George L. Colby with the following Chairmen of
sub-committees and workers: District Captains, Lewis E. Willett, Frank F. Holmwood, George S. Wasson, Nelson
C. Spencer; Secretary, Miss Mary E. Wertman; Committee, Harold E. Brookins, Thomas E. Morgan, George Bieler,
Floyd E. Brown, .John Bieler, William G. Arthur, .John Preston Jr., Henry J. Warning, D. S. George, Clarence Sweet,
Walter Feasley, Ira Crooker, Dr. W. B. JoUs, William F. Kiechgessner, Mason H. Holmwood. Charles Brown,
Elisha Freeman, Theodore Gerken, George Schichtel, Anthony Benzinger, Frank Benning, D. K. Harrington,
A. C. Dudley, H. B. Loveland, F. E. Murphy Jr., Will E. Coon, J. C. Newton, Julius Seufert, J. D. Bachman,
M. Smith, A. L. Briggs, George A. Hoag, W. C. Tripp, Rev. A. J. Black, Rev. Frank Marchant, Rev.
George T. Spetz, Clarence Coughill, Charles W. Kemp, George Schumaker, L. C. Cook, Stuart McConneU.
The results achieved were as follows: Third Loan, quota, $51,000, subscription, $51,000; Fourth Loan, quota,
$44,500, subscription, $85,800; Fifth Loan, quota, $49,400, subscription, $64,400.
The town of Eden was under the Chairmanship of James C. Lees, and Walter A. Clark with Mrs. George C. Bartoo
482 Buffalo's Part in the World War
as Chairman of the Woman's Committee and the following Working Committee; Mrs. F. M. Webster, Mrs. J. J.
Grossjean, Mrs. David Baldauf, Mrs. Edna De Bhur, Clarence Henry, Harold Clark, Alfred Bruschaber, William Foot,
George Machmer. Harold Richardson, Rev. O'Dwyer, Charles Cahoon, Herman Wightman and the Rev. Mr. Rung.
The results achieved were as follows: Third Loan quota, $43,000, subscription, $46,750; Fourth Loan, quota,
$90,000, subscription, $65,250; Fifth Loan, quota, $50,000, subscription, $51,300.
The town of Elma was under the Chairmanship of Benjamin .J. Eldridge, with William Foster Vice-Chairman and
the following Working Committee: Harrison A.Hall, A. .J. Badger, E. Bluck, D. .J. Tillou, Myron A. Clark, Rev.
E.E.Blunck, Joseph J. Jerge, Cornelius Conley, Frank Kester, Mark Phillips, -Joseph Grace, Howard Grace, Cortland
Woodward, Thomas Hard, Rev. H. A. Reed, Richard Eastland, Frank Templeton, Cornelius Eiss, Rev. Father
Smith; Woman's Committee, Mrs. Frank A. Hatch, Chairman; Mrs. G. Cotton, Miss Leona Hall, Mrs. K. A. M.
Simmons, Mrs. Henry Marks, Miss Edna Gold, Mrs. J. D. Tillou, Mrs. B. H. Hurd, Mrs. W. Smith, Mrs. F. Tem-
pleton, Committee; Mrs. Frank Kester, Miss Myrtle Allen, Miss Priscilla Gleed, Mrs. Howard Grace, Mrs. Joseph
Grace, Mrs. Cortland Woodward, Miss Mary Tillou, Mrs. J. Reuther, Miss Ella Smith, Miss .Jennie Foster.
The results achieved were as follows: Third Loan, quota, $36,000, subscription, $40,500; Fourth Loan, quota,
$72,000, subscription, $72,600; Fifth Loan, quota, $50,000, subscription, $50,200.
The town of Evans was under the Chairmanship of Julius M. Schwert and the following sub-committees and
workers: Third Loan, Men's Committee, Rev. J. P. Keavin, George L. Peck, W. B. Sweet, W. G. Schack, E. A.
Lemmler, W. M. Landon, John L. Wolfrom, all of Angola; E. L. Benjamin Derby, Rev. Robert G. Letch, Jerusalem
Corners; R. B. Foote Jr., Frank Frost and W. F. Waltz, North Evans; Alfred Morrison, James Harris and George
Congdon, Pontiac; and Rev. Robert Walker, Evans Center; Woman's Committee, Mrs. W. M. Landon, Chairman;
Mrs. L. L. Brown, Mrs. Irene Gritman, Mrs. Albert Clow, Mrs. Roscoe Mclntyre, Mrs. Harmon S. Landon, Mrs.
John L. Wolfrom, Mrs. Ellen Parker, Miss Annabel Bundy, Mrs. John Harrison, Mrs. William Faran, Mrs. F. E.
Bundy of Angola; Miss Addie Ames, representing Ladies' Missionary Society; Mrs. G. L. Peck, Order of Eastern
Star; Mrs. S. E. Ball, G. A. R. Circle; Mrs. Charles Morley, Episcopal Church; Mrs. George Cook, the Austin
Association; Mrs. William Annis, Rebekah Lodge; Mrs. Walter Ingersoll, The Grange; Mrs. Earl Benjamin,
Derby; Mrs. Robert Letch, Jerusalem Corners; Mrs. Alfred A. Morrison, Pontiac; Mrs. Charles Davis, Evans Center.
In the Fourth Loan the names of Stuart R. Mann, W. M. Bloxham and G. R. Dingman were added for the 1st Election
District; G. F. Ingersoll, John C. Glas, A. W. Candee, Dr. F. E. Harper, A. B. Seeley, J. L. McCrudden, Leonard
Walters, C. G. Widmer, William Stevenson Jr., and William Hurley for the 2d Election District; and Dr. B. E.
Smith, James Harris, Samuel E. Lyth, Fred Lograsse and G. B. Seeley for the 3rd Election District; and Mrs. Philip
Froehley, Mrs. Charles Morris, Mrs. Charles Froehley, Mrs. Nettie Lewis, Miss Fannie Blackney, for Angola; Mrs.
Stuart Mann, Derby; Mrs. Richard Frost, North Evans; Miss Maud Harris, Pontiac and Miss Grace Millsom,
Evans Center; Mrs. E. L. Benjamin of Derby and Mrs. Alfred Morrison of Pontiac were added for the Fifth Loan.
The results achieved were as follows: Third Loan, quota, $65,000, subscription, $81,150; Fourth Loan, quota,
67,900, subscription, $85,000; Fifth Loan, quota, $55,900, subscription, $73,700.
The town of Grand Island was under the Chairmanship of George Alt with Charles W. Kress as Treasurer and
Mrs. Charles W. Kress as Chairman of the Woman's Committee with the following working committee: Ethel
Long, Alvin Long, Frank Schutt, Lulu Bontrum, Kent Forsyth, Mrs. Gordon Stoddart, John Dilliot, Mabel De
Glopper, John Schutt, Edmund Staley and George Bell.
The results achieved were as follows: Third Loan, quota, $15,800, subscription, $22,650; Fourth Loan, quota,
$31,600, subscription, $34,100; Fifth Loan, quota, $25,000, subscription, $27,050.
The town of Hamburg was under the Chairmanship of Horace F. Hunt for the Third Loan, George B. Abbott
for the Fourth Loan and D. M. Goodyear for the Fifth Loan, with the following Chairmen of sub-committees and
■working committees.
THIRD LIBERTY LOAN COMMITTEE
Town of Hamburg
Horace F. Hunt, Chairman; George L. Pomeroy, Secretary.
Hamburg Committee — Henry R. Stratemeier, John W. Salisbury, George A. Freiburger, Reuben F. Knoche,
William Kronenberg, Lawrence H. Bley.
Armor Committee — George A. Freiburger, Jerome Pierce, Frank P. Titus, Harry Smith, W. H. Abbott.
Big Tree Committee — Fred C. Burgwardt, George Haen, John Kleis, Frank Kleis, Lawrence Saunders, Pliny B.
McNaughton.
Blasdrll Committee — Forrest F. Glezen, J. F. Jewart, Thomas F. Colley, George M. Foose, George Pray, Karl
Trevitt, Warren F. Salisbury, Dr. G. D. Lester.
Latie View Committee — L. J. Nichols, Frank L. Trinder, David Hauber. Frank Rosenberg, John Murjahn, George
Spittler, Glenn L. O'Dell, Everett Potter.
Scranton Committee — W. D. Allen, George Robinson, Roy Clark, Albert Baker.
Wanakah Committee — .lohn T. Roberts, Charles Mulholland, George E. Wills, Atwell Saunders, Frank Horn,
Charles Meyer.
Water Vallejj Committee — Eugene Hoffler, Bertus N. Hines, Charles W. Fahr, Chas. H. Haushalter.
Woodlawn Committee — H. F. Cheney, Ivan Knowlton, W. Corey, W. H. S. Otto, A. Stadlmeir, W. R. Jenney.
Buffalo's Part in the World War
483
Members of Wartime Committees — Town of Hamburg
Boston Road Committee— J . H. Hutchinson, George Gebhardt, Henry Geuting.
Cooper Ridge Committee — Clarence Piatt, John Brodbeck, Henry Moddick.
Creek Road Committee — Frank Schummer, George Schmidt.
Taylor Road Committee — W. E. Hastings, Peter Blessing.
Advertising Committee — George B. Abbott, George .J. Kloepfer, William M. Seeger.
Women's Committee — Mrs. William J. Shoemaker, Chairman; Mrs. Edward M. Adams, Secretary; Mrs. Willard
J. Frisbee, Mrs. Bertram Hines, Mrs. Frederick J. Rushman, Mrs. G. A. Hancock, Mrs. Edward Stuart, Mrs. Jacob
Doetch, Mrs. Stephen C. Babcock, Mrs. J. W. Woodruff, Mrs. D. C. Pierce, Mrs. Charles Smith, Mrs. Amos J.
Minkel, Mrs. Charles Perrin, Mrs. William J. Hastings, Mrs. L J. Mesner, Mrs. Albert Johnson, Mrs. Frank J. Metz,
Mrs. William Yochum, Mrs. Albert Dodge, Mrs. Percy K. Withey, Mrs. Edward Laub, Miss Irene Freiburger.
The Fourth Liberty Loan Committee was under the Chairmanship of George B. Abbott, with Reuben F. Knoche
Vice-Chairman and Henry Stratemeier, Secretary. There were added to the several committees the following persons:
Hamburg, G. L. Pomeroy, M. R. Welch, W. M. Seeger, W. H. Knapp, A. L. Johnson, L. H. Bley, E. D.
Hofeller, F. C. Bonnett, J. F. Schummer, C. N. Perrin, D. M. Goodyear, F. R. Park, Ralph McCarty, Ralph
Curry, Frederic Eaton; Armor, H. F. Pellman. William Hines; Big Tree, Fred Wulf and Frank Kleis; Blasdell,
Thomas R. CoUey, Chairman, F. F. Glazen, Charles C. Mundt, Henry Funk; Glenn O'Dell, Chairman, W. C. Meyn,
W. B. Street, Frank Stadler, Frank Hammond, H. F. O'Dell; Wanakah, George Loesch, Chairman, .Jacob Brost,
Bert Habershon; Water Valley, William Minekime; Woodlawn, F. F. Cheney, John Nelson; Creek Road, Jacob
Klispie, G. F. Heltz; Woman's Committee, additions Mrs. E. M. Adams, Mrs. G. W. Morey, Mrs. W. C. Held,
Mrs. F. Eastman, Mrs. C. Shaw, Mrs. H. A. Titus, Mrs. W. J. Frisbee, Mrs. H. A. Sheldon, Mrs. William Perrin,
Miss Jennie Kruse, Miss Ruth Talamo, Miss Irma Schoepflin, Miss Alice Pierce, Miss Lavinia McGee.
The Fifth Loan Committee was under the Chairmanship of D. M. Goodyear, with C. N. Perrin, Secretary, H. R.
Stratemeier and W. M. Seeger, Assistant Secretaries. There were added to the several committees in this Loan the fol-
lowing: Hamburg, H. V. Sipprell, Byron H. Heath, A. C. Parks, Otha Churchill, W. S. Mason; Armor, Herman
Timms, F. L. Potter; Blasdell, John D. Luther, Chairman, Charles C. Mundt, Henry Funk; Woman's Committee,
Mrs. M.O.Salisbury, Mrs. Homer Myers, Mrs. Carl Warning, Mrs. Reginald Partridge, Mrs. Robert Young, Mrs. W. F.
Salisbury, Mrs. Carl Trevett, Mrs. Samuel Piper; Water Valley, Peter Frank, Patrick Robinson; Woodlawn. F. F.
Cheney; Woman's Committee, Mrs. Ivan Knowlton, Mrs. F. F. Cheney, Mrs. Ella Fisher, Mrs. Albert Stadelmeier,
Mrs. W. H. S. Otto, Mrs. A. Parker, Mrs. H. F. Cheney; Taylor Road, George Warren, Chairman, W. E. Taylor,
Oscar Smith; Wanakah and Athol Springs, Charles Guenther; Camp Road, James McCloskey, John Dennies, Peter
Voix; Clark Street and Sauer Road, W. R. McConnell, Thomas Kleis, Robert Grindell; Woman's Committee addi-
tions: Mrs. D. M. Goodyear, Mrs. R. A. Stuart, Mrs. N. G. Clarke, Mrs. B. S. Bournem, Mrs. C. Bartholomew,
Mrs. G. H. Maxwell, Mrs. P. K. Withey, Mrs. William McConnell, Mrs. William E. Taylor, Mrs. M. V. Burke.
There were also in the Fifth Loan the following sub-committees: Publicity, G. B. Abbott, Chairman, Lawrence
Bley, Henry V. Sipprell, P. J. H. Hauck; Subscriptions, $5,000 and upwards, F. C. Bommett, Chairman, Frederic
Eaton, E. D. Hofeller, Horace F. Hunt, H. R. Stratemeier, G. W. Bartlett; $1,000 and upwards. Charles Smith,
Chairman, R. W. Hengerer, Colon Dudley, Albert Knack, Ralph McCarthy, G. F. Learn, C. E. Eno, A. C. Corah,
F. F. Schummer; Organizations, D. M. Goodyear and Mrs. W. J. Shoemaker; Commuters, George H. Starkweather,
Chairman, Everett Hunt; Vice-Chairman, H. R. Bridgman, W. C. Mason, G. F. Evans, R. Foster Piper, W. R.
Evans, G. L. Pomeroy, B. H. Heath; Voluntary Subscription Day, Hamburg, R. F. Knoche, W. S. Mason, Lawrence
Bley, H. V. Sipprell, Mrs. W. J. Shoemaker; Blasdell, John D. Luther, Mrs. M. 0. Salisbury; Woodlawn, Ivan
Knowlton, Mrs. Ivan Knowlton; Plants, Ralph Curry, Chairman, Ralph McCarthy, Charles Curry, Charles C.
Mundt, C. R. Fletcher, W. J. Bull.
The result achieved were as follows: Third Loan, ciuota, $120,000, subscription, $348, .500. This was reported to
be the largest per capita subscription in the State. Fourth Loan, quota, $348,300, subscription, $505,500; Fifth
Loan, quota, $186,200, subscription, $295,750.
484 Buffalo's Part in the World War
The town of Holland was under the Chairmanship of Paul J. Wurst for the Third and Fourth Loans and L. T.
Button for the Fifth Loan, with the following Chairmen of sub-committees and workers: Vice-Chairman, Earl J.
Bangert; Secretary, Mrs. Z. V. Jackson, Chairman Woman's Committee, Third Loan and Mrs. Fred Sergei of Fourth
Loan, and Mrs. D. J. Crowley for the Fifth Loan; R. J. Watson, F. W. Thornton, F. H. Elsworth, L. Zwingelstein,
Charles Wagner, William Wagner, E. F. Reed, William J. Schwab, Cort Kremer, William N. Sherder and the following
District Captains, Emil Sturm, E. P. Cooper, Hume Colby, W. J. Barron, Charles Holoman, Eugene Butzer, Thomas
Conley, Charles Hamister, Frank Major.
The results achieved were as follows: Third Loan, quota, $35,000, subscription, $50,000: Fourth Loan, quota,
$80,300, subscription, $83,300; Fifth Loan, quota, $54,200, subscription, $64,200.
The city of Lackawanna had as Chairman, Christopher G. Boland, with Edward G. Flanagan, Vice-Chairman;
Frank J. Twist, Secretary; Richard E. Walburgh, Assistant Secretary; Harry J. Moll, Treasurer; William T. Aldrich
Assistant Treasurer; Executive Committee, Harry J. Kelley, Hon. John A. Toomey, Paul Negedus, Ray R. Gilson,
Michael Mescall, John J. Sullivan, Coleman J. Ehrman and William Morrisey; Members of the Working Committee
were, Rt. Rev. Nelson H. Baker, Peter O'Rourke, John Cswaykus, George Joseph, Dr. E. M. Tracy, Sam Ruttin-
stein, William Scahill, Tony Baricevic, Frank J. Lehr, Martin T. Ryan, Edward A. Gunn, Hon. Robert H. Reed,
Michael M. O'Mara, William Stankowski, Adolph Rosinski, Clinton C. Pecu, Richard Hyland, Charles F. Stengel,
Thomas Foley, Patrick McCann, H. J. Ehrmann, James J. Redmond, Dr. Max L. Maxwell, Hon. Frank D. Caldwell,
Martin Doherty, Robert J. Carroll, John H. Crosta, Prof. Wm. J. Breen, Dr. Alois Jokl, Henry Twist, Rev. M. C. A.
Kinsale, Chas. W. Ellis, L. M. Buffum, Hon. John J. Monaghan, John W. O'Connor, Rev. G. T. Wright, Rev. Herman
J. Gerlach, Martin L Delaney, Edward Malone, Paul J. Tomaka, Joseph T. Jewett, Timothy Lavelle, Harry M.
Winkelman, Bernard McDonnell, Fred Strack Jr.; John A. Cawley, Michael McLane, Dr. Ira P. Trevett, Onufry
Mees, Leonard Kowalski, James L. Shea, Cornelius Downey, John Tomaka, Thomas Daley, Joseph McGovern,
John J. Kramer, Nick Sibincic, Jovo Milic, Rudolph Zahorsky, Joseph J. Spara, Max Lohr, Henry J. Joyant, M. K.
Stawsky, Frank Ryszka, Fred Hoepfinger, Chas. Trow, Grgur Mekic, Mihail Kukoleca. Edgar Fennie, Rev. F.
Widman, W. H. Whealen, Joseph J. Neeb, George A. Buck, John A. Gerstung, Frank Morinello, F. W. Houck, Martin
Soda, Chas. D. Curtin, D. P. Kane, Fred Nelson, James McCabe, Vincent A. Cantwell. Chairman Woman's Com-
mittee, Mrs. Clara E. Crosta; Vice-Chairman, Mrs. Clara H. Whealen. Members, Mrs. Mabel B. Reed, Mrs. E. A.
Dean, Miss Alice P. Vansten, Mrs. August Twist, Mrs. Katherine O'Rourke, Mrs. E. C. Flanagan, Miss Katherine
Redmond, Miss Ethel J. Twist, Mrs. Coleman J. Ehrmann, Mrs. Wm. Errington, Miss Mary McCabe, Mrs. Patrick
Green, Miss Mary Young, Miss Jane Connelly, Miss Margaret Twist, Miss Catherine Bonner, Mrs. Lillian Couhig,
Miss Mary O'Rourke, Miss Ella Messenger, Miss Estelle Stawsky, Mrs. Harry J. Kelley, Mrs. P. Mungovan, Mrs.
G. Taylor Wright, Mrs. Mary A. Carroll, Mrs. D. P. Kane, Mrs. Thos. McDonald, Mrs. Geo. Lewis, Mrs. Daniel
Skudwick, Miss Katherine Burke, Mrs. Martin Doherty, Miss Mary C. Ryan, Mrs. W. H. Whealen, Mrs. Wm.
Oilman, Mrs. Gertrude Wichinhiser, Mrs. Wm. Kirsh. Mrs. Henry J. Joynt, Mrs. John Kirby, Mrs. Edw. Schwart-
zott, Mrs. D. M. Daley, Mrs. A. J. Schodle, Miss Sylvia Ruttenstein, Mrs. H. J. Ehrmann, Miss Ella E. Kambat,
Mrs. H. McConnell, Miss Kathryn Brown, Miss Anna Fisher, Miss Mary MacGilivary, Mrs. W. H. Sheffer, Mrs.
Joseph WaldrafF, Mrs. Augusta Wasson, Miss Kathleen McCann, Miss Loretta Mescall, Miss Florence Flanagan,
Mrs. Asa L. Reed, Miss Helen C. Boland, Mrs. Thomas Murphy.
The town of Lancaster was under the Chairmanship of J. O. Garretsee, with the following sub-committees and
workers: Executive Committee, J. O. Garretsee, Chairman; H. B. Van Peyma, Vice-Chairman; Frank C. Johnson,
Clarence K. Porter, B. D. Jackson, William F. Dougherty, and Edward C. Grassell, Secretary; General Committee
Third Loan, Simon Adolf, Fred C. Brost, Emil Birghardt, John Bollender, Myron F. Blackmon, Albert Bissell,
Frank S. Gushing, Seamen Church, Emil CeruUo, Charles P. Cullen, George A. Davis, Rev. Charles E. Duffy, Philip
J. Fink, Charles R. Huntley, Henry R. Hoffeld, Joseph Hilbert, William Idsardi, Mary F. Jackson, Frank Leven-
dowski, Albert Loesch, John G. Miller, Howard Meyers, Ralph Maute, Elmer J. Nash, E. B. Rowley, G. E. Rekate,
William F. Scherer, John Socman, Walter F. Schultz, D. R. Stratton, Henry Suchow, Christ L. Suess, John L. Staeber,
Joseph F. Schaefer, John P. Tafe, Joseph Voegele, C. G. Weiss, George J. Wendel, W. H. Whitford, George Willyoung,
J. C. Weil, J. H. Zuidema, P. J. Zeilman; Fourth Loan, same committee, with Clarence K.Porter, Vice-Chairman, in-
stead of H. B. Van Peyma; Fifth Loan, J. 0. Garretsee, Chairman; C. K. Porter, Vice-Chairman, Miss Ida E. Schwartz,
Chairman of Woman's Committee, E. C. Grassell, Secretary; Lancaster: Charles Umpleby, J. P. Taffe, Guy E.
Bradley, B. D. Jackson, Frank Maksymik, Mrs. David Perry, Mrs. C. E. Mayback, Albert Longmate, R. G. Heim,
Frank H. Maute, Mrs. A. Brimmer, George J. Wendel, H. B. Van Peyma, J. V. Fitzgerald, Clarence E. Gray, Albert
Loesch, J. P. Bolenber, H. J. Koch, C. F. King, J. C. Weil, Mrs. C. P. Cullen, Mrs. C. J. Miller, William Stahl, J.
M. Schwartz, Sam Young, J. L. Staeber, R. B. Albert, J. F. Schaefer, B. H. Eden, J. F. Patterson, Charles F. Brost, F. W.
Urquh art, Dr. Suess, Dr. Ewell, Dr. Miller, Dr. Stratton, Dr. Mackey, Julius Israel, P. J. Zuilman, H. J. Zuideman,
Miss Ida Wenz, Mrs. H. J. Shepherd, Miss Nora Kennecutt, G. A. Davis, Edward LTebelhoer, Mrs. J. F. Adolf, Michael
Conners, Fred Gill, S. P. Adolf, W. F. Bousche. Depew Committee, Alexander Utecht, Vice-Chairman, Rev. P. M. Tymek,
Rev. C. E. Duffy, Rev.B. Bondkowski, Vincent Goinski, C. Dwoezanowski, S. Sobocinski, Joseph Ren, Frank Zgoda,
Mike Potoczak, W. Witkowski, S. Lynick, Walter Schultz, Guy E. Wheeler, Harry Seeberg, E. J. Nash, J. J. Ohart,
M. K. Dobbins, Fred Pettys, R. J. Hutchinson, Stephen D. Siegart, Chauncey Sharpe, Alexander Boross, Emil Curello,
C. C. Weiss, John P. Shepherd, Philip Mahl, J. D. Higgins, Gustav Gramlich, C. A. Finnegan, J. C. Carlson, Grant
Buffalo's Part in the World War 485
Watson, John B. Faisant, H. F. Heyznn, Edward Hulpiau, Vincent Kuczynski, Joseph Mialjowski, Cornelius Gibbs.
The results achieved were as follows: Third Loan, quota, $260,000, subscription, $500,000; Fourth Loan, quota,
$349,700, subscription, $1,200,000; Fifth Loan, quota, $350,000, subscription, $402,350.
The town of Marilla had as Chairman C. F. Brown, Secretary, L. H. Monchow, and the following committee and
workers: F. L. Dirstine, E. J. Stehle, Clifford Veeder, H. W. Larkin, J. H. Pratt, C. C. Adams, B. L. Tomlinson,
Howard Eldridge, Charles Bloods, Frank Green, Arthur Tomlinson, Howard Adams; Woman's Committee, Kate
E. Brown, Chairman, Ruth G. Millett, Julia Webster, Irene Eldridge, Iva Boldt, Pearl Clarke, Clara Dirstine,
Francis L. Young, Elizabeth Dunbar.
The results achieved were as follows: Third Loan, quota, $20,000, subscription, $32,500; Fourth Loan, quota,
$40,000, subscription, $24,900; Fifth Loan, quota, $23,000, subscription, $30,900.
The town of Newsted had as Chairman E. R. Ford, with the following workers and sub-committees: I. D. Eckerson,
J. E. Faxon, F. M. Stage, G. A. Funke, Charles Spengler, F. A. Helwig, O. E. White, R. E. Robinson, S. E. Sill,
E. E. Shields, J. H. Price, V. H. Boyd, M. A. Matteson, E. P. Forestel, William Hunt, E. C. Blackburn, Harry Rich-
ards, J. L. Faylor, Edward J. Clark, Charles Spies, A. P. Anderson, J. G. Harrington, R. S. Mills; Woman's Cgmmittee,
Mrs. E. P. Forestel, Chairman, Mrs. R. S. Mills, Miss G. A. Leopold, Mrs. F. A. Helwig, Mrs. R. E. Robinson, Miss
Ada Robinson, Mrs. V. E. Boyd, Mrs. L. C. Jones, Miss Ruth Wilder, Mrs. M. A. Murphy, Mrs. D. J. Coughlin,
Mrs. D. F. Bates, Mrs. A. J. Foster, Mrs. E. E. Shields, Miss Ethel Paxon, Miss May Wright.
The results achieved were as follows: Third Loan, quota, $108,000, subscription, $113,650; Fourth Loan, quota,
$131,000, subscription, $88,000; Fifth Loan, quota, $89,300, subscription, $91,350.
The town of North Collins had as Chairman of the Third and Fourth Loans, Howard W. Butler; Fifth Loan,
George S. Pickens, with the following Chairmen and working committees: Charles A. Twitchell, C. B. Horton, Edward
M. Ruhling, William Spry, George S. Pickens, George H. Smith, Frank L. Thiel Sr.; Frank L. Thiel Jr.; Hoyt R.
Hibbard, Joseph Thiel, George H. Burgott, C. D. Tice, Clarence Pickens, Jesse G. Pratt, Frank Avery, Clarence J.
Herman, George A. Smith, John Miller, John A. Vance, William Geiger, Orson H. Wightman, Milton Gieger, Peter
Herze, Nicholas Winter, George Kohn, John Weber, Peter Scheetz, John Scheetz, Jr.; William Schunk, Stephen
W. Smith; Woman's Committee, Chairman, Third and Fourth Loans, Mrs. Grace L. Parker: Chairman, Fifth
Loan, Miss Edna Franklin; Workers in the three Loans, Mrs. Hoyt Hibbard. Mrs. Howard Hibbard, Mrs. Grace
L. Parker, Mrs. Nora Jehngen, Miss Emma Wilson, Mrs. Lee Beebe, Mrs. Clayton Graham, Mrs. George Pickens,
Mrs. John McMahon, Miss Irene Ashby, Miss Vera Bluntz, Miss Nina .Jennings, Miss Josephine Lindow, Miss Lilian
Diadoto, Miss Genevive Roher, Miss Mabel Avery, Miss Ethel Warner, Miss Cornelia Thill, Miss Mary Cope,
Mrs. Hotchkiss, Miss Carrie Ward, Miss Helen Ueblacher, Miss Grace Blasdell.
The results achieved were as follows: Third Loan, quota, $51,000, subscription, $55,400; Fourth Loan, quota,
$117,900, subscription, $77,300; Fifth Loan, quota, $75,400, subscription, $39,950.
The town of Sardinia was under the Chairmanship of Ralph M. Howell for the Third Loan, and H. E. Pomeroy
for the Fourth and Fifth Loans, with the following working committees who were in the several Loans: George M.
Furman, Robert E. Fisher, Elbert A. Baker, James Wheelock, Albert J. Zimmer, Charles M. Rider, Milford Fisher,
Burt Briggs, Earl Beasor, Eugene Van Slyke, Andrew Hay, George J. Dinse, Rev. Charles H. Oliver, Chester H.
Woolley, J. Gilbert Allen, William Franz, Frank E. Warner, Edward T. Miller, Thero Frost, George W. Cook, Burt
Armading, John S. Shedd, Roy G. Rogers, H. Ray Briggs, Robert B. Fisher.
The results achieved were as follows: Third Loan, quota, $20,000, subscription, $42,500; Fourth Loan, quota,
$40,000, subscription, $45,900; Fifth Loan, quota, $30,000, subscription, $30,300.
The town of Tonawanda-Kenmore was under the Chainnanship of Matthew D. Young, C. C. Miller, Secretary,
Mrs. C. L. Titus, Chairman Woman's Committee, with the following working committee: A. R. Atkinson, A. L.
Brainard, A. M. Carnes, F. H. Carlin, J. M. Champion, Rev. Edward Cosbey, Prof. F. C. Densberger, T. W. Dickson,
W. J. Donnelly, Dr. C. C. Morehouse, Roy E. Perrigo, Rev. H. A. Reed. Rev. Hyatt Smith, Rev. Dr. A. Scheidel,
Rev. A. R. Spencer, G. C. Steinaker, C. L. Titus, F. J. Wheeler, W. H. Zimmerman.
The results achieved were as follows: Third Loan, quota, $50,000, subscription, $58,150; Fourth Loan, quota,
$84,200, subscription, $140,450; Fifth Loan, quota, $50,000, subscription, $65,000.
The city of Tonawanda was under the Chairmanship of H. P. Smith and Farney Wurlitzer, Campaign Manager.
This city is part in the county of Erie and part in the county of Niagara. The Executive Committee was F. L. Alliger,
R. H. Bennett, Dr. W. W. Britt, L. S. DeGraff, Fred Engelking, N. D. Fish, C. J. Iten, R. F. Jackson, Jacob G. Joseph,
F. C. Koehn, H. J. McAvoy, George A. Mitchell, Louis Newman, Porter Norton, F. C. Paschen Jr., W. B. Pierce, Peter
A. Porter Jr., B. L. Rand, Frederick Robertson, George J. Smith, Mrs. E. 0. Spillman, W. H. Stradella, T. J. Wilson.
The results achieved were as follows: Third Loan, quota, $223,600, subscription, $570,000; Fourth Loan, quota,
$1,011,400, subscription, $1,017,700; Fifth Loan, quota, $505,000, subscription, $708,100.
The town of Wales was under the Chairmanship of Dr. J. D. Wooster, with the following Chairmen of sub-commit-
tees and workers: Fred Kratt, H. R. Sergei, George S. Zee, L. S. Hudson, Sheriden A. Moore, Manley S. Barber,
Frank Torge, William J. J. Hilditch, John J. Keem, C. C. Rieter, W. A. Kelver, George J. Kelver, William Foss,
E. W. Looser, Clarence E. Dimon, Wilmot L. Cornell, Bruno Cefali.
The results achieved were as follows: Third Loan, quota, $19,000, subscription, $31,600; Fourth Loan, quota,
$40,000, subscription, $55,200; Fifth Loan, quota, $30,000, subscription, $37,150.
486
Buffalo's Part in the World War
Trades Advisory HeadquuiUi>
The town of West Seneca was under the Chairmanship of Christian L. Schudt, Henry N. Trier, Secretary, with the
following suij-committees and workers: Henry N. Trier for Gardenville, Captain, Philip Weigand, Curtis Penfold,
Victor J. Fischer, Fred Daetsch, George Hensinger, Dr. Theo. E. Flemniing, Frank C. Blair, Guy Woodward, Roy
Gerhardt, Leo Lang, Frank Fuller. G. J. Kanderer, William Meininger, Frank Schieferstein, Herman Dust, Arthur
Bertold, John Diehl, Peter Breidenstein, Albert Switzer; Woman's Committee, for Gardenville, Mrs. Henry M.
Trier, Miss Cecelia N. Irr, Mrs. Frank C. Blair, Mrs. Bert Michener, Mrs. Richard Hackford, Mrs. Charles Kiefer,
Mrs. Charles Hackford, Miss Jennie Mathis, Mrs. R. H. Frankenstein, Mrs. George Hensinger. Also the Boy Scouts
of Gardenville in the Fifth Loan. For Ebenezer, Fred C. Valentine, Edward Wendling, Henry J. Frey, John Stell-
wagen. Alfred Richt, William Pankow, William Paget, Christian L. Schudt, Edward Kissinger, Robert Pletscher,
Alfred Metzger; Woman's Committee. Mrs. George Kohlert, Chairman, Miss Lottie Stellwagen, Miss Lulu Goellte-
man, Mrs. William Onick, Miss Dorothy Weber. Mrs. Joslyn. Miss Charlotte Keller. Mrs. Theo Hamilton. Mrs.
William Pankow. Balance of West Seneca. George Soerber. Louis Comron, Alfred E. Brown. John M. Ginness,
Edward Zimmer, Joseph Koenshiled, Fred Garvey, Miss Lena Lucty, Miss Ada Schudt, Miss Schannecoy.
The results achieved were as follows: Third Loan, quota, $22,000. subscription. $44.2.50: Fourth Loan, quota.
$44,000, subscription, $52,000; Fifth Loan, quota, $36,000, subscription, $50,000.
Virtually every town and village of Erie County had flourishing Red Cross Circles that did
the same arduous and untiring work that was done in the city. The story of this work is told
in the chapter on the Red Cross in this volume.
No call or request was made by the Government that was not met by the people in the towns
and villages of Erie County in an enthusiastic and generous spirit. The results show for them-
selves, and no words written can change the story or add more glorv to the achievements.
Buffalo's Part in the World War 487
CHAPTER CXVII
INDEPENDENCE DAY— JULY FOURTH, 1919
ERIE County officially closed its world-war chapter on Independence Day, July 4, 1919.
Of course, there straggled through the weeks and months which followed many sporadic
entertainments and activities growing out of the World War. Occasionally, a soldier or
sailor, relieved from duty, was greeted by relatives and friends as he arrived in Buffalo or in
one of the towns of the county. The severely wounded, who had not at that time recovered,
found their way home in the later months, but, as a general proposition, Buffalo's and Erie
County's part in the Great War ended with an Independence Day celebration which will forever
stand out conspicuously in the history of this locality.
It was the greatest Independence Day celebration we had known since the Civil War period.
It began with solemn tribute to the Stars and Stripes at the break of day and closed in a shower
of pyrotechnics in all the city parks as the hands of the clocks approached the hour of midnight.
It was a day to be remembered by those fortunate enough to participate in the various functions
which occupied the daylight and evening hours. It will be long remembered by returning
soldiers and sailors, as well as by the civilian population. It was a day of enthusiasm and of
action; of earnest and sincere welcome and of happy, joyous reunion, the whole assembled
under the inspiring canopy of a wonderful national achievement. Referring to the celebration,
the Buffalo Courier in its report said:
"For the city by the inland sea yesterday was a triple celebration — a celebration of Independence Day, of the sign-
ing of the treaty of peace, which virtually ended the war, and of the safe return of her men who brought honor to
themselves and distinction to their home city by their deeds.
"In a parade through the downtown district to the Front in the morning, 6,000 of Buffalo's vast army of fighting
men and patriotic women passed between lanes of cheering Buffalonians to the accompaniment of resounding brass,
fluttering bunting and banners of gold and white, telling the story of the festivity.
"At the Front at high noon the city of Buffalo, represented by the Mayor and Council with the members of the
Mayor's welcome home committee, and reinforced by clergy and leaders of finance and war work, extended to the
veterans the warm hand of greeting. As the howitzer at Fort Porter boomed out the army salute, Buffalo reached
the climax in her expression of appreciation.
" In speeches long to be remembered Mayor Buck, Ralph S. Kent, Walter P. Cooke, Captain Henry Adsit and other
proclaimed Buffalo's deepest emotions to those now happily back home, their work done. Throughout all the talks
ran the sentiment that the city honored itself in honoring those who represented it. For the war-weary ones, those
still on foreign soil, there was a word of appreciation and the pledge that no stone will be left unturned to make their
home-coming, too, as joyous as that of yesterday.
"But the welcome to the hero-fighters did not end with the ceremonies at the Front. When, after the welcome, the
veterans with friends and families had moved away, it was only to catch a breathing spell in preparation for last
night's round of dances, band concerts and fireworks, prepared by the welcome home committee, of which Colonel
Newton E. Turgeon is head. 'Hops' were staged last night at both armories, the Broadway Auditorium and Elm-
wood Music hall. At six different parks there were concerts. Seated on the lawns or banks, soldiers watched starry
shells burst in mid-heaven, without the fear that they meant an enemy raid, and smiled at giant rockets, which spat forth
their crystals of scarlet, gold and green, secure in the knowledge that the aerial displays did not forecast a gas attack.
"Truly, it was homecoming Fourth of .July. By very good fortune or rare foresight, the morning was chosen
for the historic march. 'Twas a lucky stroke, for a blazing sun had made all plans to drop in on Buffalo, and when
noon arrived the air was charged with heat waves of a sort that defied any puffy little wdnd to dispel them. An azure
sky was the homage which the weather paid to her best people in khaki.
"The hands of the City Hall clock stood at precisely 10 when Major Bradley Goodyear and his adjutant, Rod-
erick MacGregor called 'forward march.' From all the spoke-streets of McKinley square the various units fell into
position, according to blueprint. About the time the paraders were rounding into formation, a flotilla of automo-
biles left the City Hall, bearing the official party, which consisted of the following: Mayor Buck, Councilman Heald,
Councilman Malone, Councilman Bagley, Councilman Kreinheder, Ralph S. Kent, Daniel J. Sweeney, City Clerk;
Lieutenant Edmund Britt, Chancellor of the Catholic diocese of Buffalo; Rabbi Louis .J. Kopald, the Rev. Samuel
V. V. Holmes, Walter P. Cooke, John G. Wickser, Lieutenant Colonel Francis E. Fronczak and members of the
press. The official party was whirled up Main Street to the reviewing stand at Genesee Street and Main.
488 Buffalo's Part in the World War
"Ranging along the curbs from Shelton Square to North Street and over North to Porter Avenue were solidly
built rows of benches for mothers, relatives and friends of the marching men. Virtually every seat was taken, espe-
cially along North Street. Thousands saw, applauded and waved flags or tossed flowers to the men.
"Headed by the police band and police detail, every one of whom is a veteran of the World War, the marchers
came up Main Street. With Major Goodyear, marshal, marched a number of distinguished service men. Victims of
bursting shells and other maladies of war rode in automobiles. Charles A. Orr, the only Buffalo survivor of the Rebel-
lion who won the Congressional medal, rode in a side car — a distinguished guest of the boys of 1918. There followed
the members of the Mayor's committee to welcome returning soldiers, many marching in natty white serge and carry-
ing canes. They were headed by Colonel Turgeon. They gave the 'eyes right' to the city officials as they passed,
just like regular soldiers. Another guest of honor was Mrs. John Miller Horton, past president of the D. A. R. She
rode in a big car and received the tributes of numerous admirers.
"No greater applause was accorded any unit in the parade than that to the nurse corps. Only ten were in line,
but virtually all of them wore the gold bars on sleeves of blue.
"Division No. 1 consisted of the marines, commanded by Captain Allan V. Parker. The navy boys, who followed,
made a good showing with about 125 in line, headed by Commander T. W. Harris. They sported a float depicting a
scene on a submarine, torpedo and all. Then came the divisions by wards, one or two wards to each division. Some
wards had only fifty to seventy-five in line, while others boasted a turnout of 150 or more.
"As each line of marchers passed the reviewing stand the 'eyes right' was given. Many of the men marched with
great difficulty. Stiff arms and injured hands — tokens of the Hun — were revealed when the time for salute came.
But each ward was given its quota of cheers, and each in turn responded with smiles and flashing eyes. A salvo of
applause ascended as the Larkin's girl drum corps stepped up the street, heading the tenth division. Attired in
trim blue middies and fight skirts, the young women, with bugles and snares, scored a decided hit. They hiked
along like veteran paraders and won an ovation every pace of the way.
"A surprise was sprung when an automobile haled into view carrying a sign, 'Pigeon Service, U. S. A.' As the
winged bulletin bearers passed the reviewing stand, the soldiers in charge released several birds, which soared over
the stands and returned like a shot from a machine gun to their cotes. The Buffalo Gordon Highlanders' band, head-
ing the twenty-si.xth and twenty-seventh wards, lent variety and paprika to the music with its mighty bagpipes.
"It remained for the men of Buffalo's own Seventy-fourth and old Third Field Artillery to wind up the parade,
which, though not the longest military pageant in the annals of Buffalo by a long shot, was certainly one of the most
momentous. The 108th Infantry (Old Seventy-fourth) had about 100 men in line. They were headed by Lieutenant
W. Edward Taggart, Chaplain .John C. Ward, Lieutenant E. Harrison O'Rourke, Major Andrews of the 107th Infan-
try, a guest of the Buff'alo officers, and Lieutenant Howe.
"The 106th Field Artillery made a bigger numerical showing with about 150 men and officers in line. Both outfits,
which were part of the famed Twenty-seventh Division which cracked the Hindenburg Line, received a thunderous
greeting.
"The formal ceremony at the Front began when Ralph S. Kent, Chairman of the Committee of the Day, intro-
duced Lieutenant Chaplain Edmund Britt, Chancellor of the Catholic Diocese of Buff'alo, who pronounced the Lord's
Prayer as an invocation.
"For distinguished service on the field of battle. Corporal Joseph P. Balling of Company M of the 311th Infantry,
78th Division, was awarded the distinguished service medal by Major Bradley Goodyear of the 106th Field Artillery.
Captain Henry Adsit, one of the seventy American heroes who during the war were awarded the Congressional
medal of honor, the highest honor that can come to any American, was introduced, and when a speech from him was
demanded by the audience he turned to the khaki and blue-clad mass before him and said: 'All I can ask of you
fellows is that you be just as good back here as you were over there.' He took a seat on the platform amid enthu-
siastic cheering. Another winner of the Congressional medal, Charles E. Orr, who was decorated with this high
honor during the Civil War, was introduced and loudly cheered.
"In token of the fact that a copy of the Buffalo war history will be presented to every man from here who served
with the colors, one was presented to Major Goodyear.
"Mayor George S. Buck was then introduced to extend, on behalf of the city, a formal welcome. He said:
" 'The war period was full of problems for the city of Buffalo, but no sooner was the Armistice signed than a fresh one confronted us. It was
how to welcome home our returning soldiers in such a manner as to let them see that we appreciated what they had done and that it was our
purpose to "help them in every possible way to be re-established once more in civil life. To accomplish these ends several committees were
appointed. The celebration of to-day and this gathering are part of the fruits of the effort made by the welcome home committee.
" ' At first it was felt that we must try to have our boys come back in their unit formations, so that they could be met at the station with a
band and be paraded through the streets to give their admiring fellow citizens a chance to express the welcome in their hearts. It was not long
before the committee discovered that what appealed the most to our boys was something that would show them, as soon as they returned to our
shores, that they were on the minds of their fellow citizens. So headquarters were established in New York City and a welcome and helping
hand was extended at once upon arrival. It was soon discovered, also, that the returning soldiers and sailors did not want to parade. They did
not want to be held in New York or any other place until sufficient numbers could be collected to make parades. They all wanted to get home
to their families just as quickly as possible. It must be a source of gratification to every one who stops to think the matter over that our
veteran soldiers should not be thinking of war as an occupation, but should be craving above all else to return to the family life and the civil em-
ployment and social diversions which were theirs before the war. The sole aim of the welcome home committee has been to extend to our return-
ing boys that kind of a welcome which they most appreciate and value, and the programme of the committee has been changed, as it has been
understood more clearly jast the kind of welcome that our boys would like.
Buffalo's Part in the World War 489
" 'On behalf of the citizens of Buffalo let me express to all of those who have represented them in the service of the Government in the great
war our deep appreciation of what they have done. By their earnestness and enthusiasm, by their devotion to duty, by their heroism on the field
of battle, they have brought honor to themselves and distinction to the city from which they came. To those of us who could have no part in
this kind of service it is a source of pride and satisfaction to know that this was done by those who were our friends, or of our own kindred, and
of the same flesh and blood as ourselves.
" 'Buffalo is a very cosmopolitan city in the varied racial origin of its people, but in the great war it has done its part both at home and abroad
with a unity of spirit and a loyalty to the country that is beyond praise. As one looks over the list of the names of our boys who made the supreme
sacrifice it is doubtful if a third of the names are of the kind that a few years ago would have been classed as truly American. What is true Ameri-
canism? Is it not a readiness to support the principles upon which our American republic is built, and, if need be, to lay down life itself in the
defense of these principles? Judged by that standard all the names on the roll of the honored dead are most American; and judged by the same
standard there is no city in our country that is more American than is our own.
" 'It is our good fortune to live in one of the greatest periods of the world's history and to leave the impress of our influence upon that history
for all time to come. The world was at the turn of the way. Either it was going back to autocracy and slavery or it was going forward to greater
freedom under democratic government, and our weight turned the scale in favor of progress and civilization. We shall erect monuments in honor
of the dead who gave up their lives in this great cause. We shall do everything in our power to show our gratitude to those who served and sac-
rificed in this great struggle, but those who took part in it will pass away, and there is no monument in metal or in stone that time will not destroy,
but the memory of the part that was played by the people of the United States will endure as long as civilization lives upon this earth; and we
of Buffalo and Erie County should congratulate ourselves that in all branches of the service of the United States our boys bore so valuable and
so honorable a part.'
"Walter P. Cooke, leader of the war workers at home, in an equally striking address, said:
'"The city of Buffalo is extending to-day an official welcome to her soldiers and sailors returning from the great war. Throughout all of this
city the hearts of our good people are filled with pride and satisfaction in your courage and achievements and with gratitude and thanksgiving
over your safe return. It is my privilege this morning to express to you something of the warmth of esteem in which your fellow citizens hold
you, of their appreciation of your great service, and of the sincerity of the welcome which each and every one of them is extending to you to-day.
" ' Much could be said and written and much will be said and written of your service, of your exploits, of your travels, of your hardships and
suffering, and of your courage and victories. I want to emphasize just one feature of the service you have rendered your city and country, and
that is the promptness and cheerfulness with which you answered your country's call.
*' 'The people of this country had been called money mad. It has been said of us that we were soft and would never fight for anything but
gain. Our enemies apparently believed that of us, and hence they felt safe in heaping insult after insult upon us, and then what happened? The
world saw a great people arise in its might without thought of conquest or gain to themselves, but at an enormous cost in blood and treasure
enter the great struggle for an ideal, for the perpetuation of the liberty their fathers fought for and which they cherished. And the world saw that
great nation of peace-loving men and women, in an unbelievably short space of time equip and train an army of 3.000.000 men. the finest army
the world has ever seen, and transport 2,000.000 of them across the ocean protected by our splendid navy. And the world saw that army take
its place 3,000 miles from home with the veterans of the armies of Europe, and making for itself a glorious record, have its full share in the vic-
tory over the world's greatest military machine.
'"And how was all this accomplished? Only because you and men like you all over their fair land responded instantly to the country's call.
You left your business or employment, sacrificed not only what you had but the opportunities of the future. You left your families, left them
not only lonely and full of anxiety over your health and safety, but in many cases without assurance of adequate support in your absence. You
endured the hard training of camp life and risked your health from exposure. You crossed the seas and fought amid all the dangers and brutalities
of modern warfare.
"'You risked your lives for your country's honor. How great that risk was is attested by the fact that more than 900 of our men will never
come back, and the thought of them and of their sacrifices and of their beloved ones is the only sadness in our hearts to-day.
"'And what has been accomplished by all that you have done?
'"You are all of you better men and better citizens for your experience. You have a clearer knowledge of the great value of liberty and of
self government and a greater willingness to oppose anything that threatens them, whether it be a foreign enemy or a disturber or coward in our
midst.
" ' The people at home are all better men and women because of your example of loyalty and patriotism and are the more ready to work with
you over here for the kind of liberty, of decency and of self-government that you fought for over there.
"'You have demonstrated that America was not soft, that she was not money-mad, that America is a nation that cherishes ideals more than
material prosperity. That America is willing to fight for liberty, not only for herself, but for the world.
" 'You carried the flag across the seas and brought it back unsullied by compromise or defeat, but glorified by victory and carrying for all
time to come a new luster and a new meaning.
" 'You have upheld the fair name of your city, or your town as the case may be. You have written a splendid page in the history of your
State and, more than all, you have helped to place your country in a new and higher position of honor among the nations of the world.
'"We people who stayed at home are proud of your courage and of your patriotism. We realize that you have been fighting for us and we
are deeply sensible of the obligation we owe to you.
'"Speaking to you for the good people of this city, let me tell you that they are proud of their soldiers and sailors, that their hearts thrill
with the thought of all that you have done and how much it all means to us now and will mean to us in the future; that we humbly bow our
heads in gratitude over your safe return; and that we welcome you back home as heroes of a great crusade whose services a grateful people will
ever remember'."
Rabbi Louis J. Kopald pronounced the following benediction, formally closing the ceremony:
"Fellow Americans, with mind and heart alike consecrated by sacred and proud American memories and quickened
anew by undying ideals, let us ask God's blessing.'*
490 Buffalo's Part in the World War
CHAPTER CXVIII
IN CONCLUSION
A ND now that the war is over and the boys are back home, families are reunited and business is
l\ returning to its normal activity, we can more calmly contemplate the events which are even
•^ -^now so rapidly passing astern. What seemed to us in the early days of the struggle to be
insurmountable obstacles have been easily overcome. The expenditures and contributions of the
people in abundant measure were freely and gladly made. With mingled pride and sorrow we
think of the brave boys who are not to return, and, while no regret hangs over the city, somehow
or other there appears to be no assurance that we will ever return to the mode of life we lived, or
the conditions which existed prior to the war. They are gone forever. A spirit of uni-est at this
moment permeates the country; labor is discontented, business is finicky, prices are higher than
even during the war. But normal times will come again.
What Buffalo and Erie County boys did over there, and what Buffalo and Erie County people at
home accomplished, of course, are now things of yesterday. We have tried in this publication, to re-
cord briefly and accurately some of the things that the men and women, the boys and girls of Buf-
falo accomplished during the five historic years that have just gone over our heads. We appreciate
that the record is by no means adequate and probably very incomplete, but an earnest endeavor
has been made to give the reader a flash-light at least of every important event that transpired in
our affairs at home, and of the battles overseas as our boys saw them. No effort has been made
to weigh the various military moves of the American Commanders on the Western Front, nor to
record the relative value of each in the successful conclusion of the war, but we have set down
from authentic sources the brilliant part Buffalo and Erie County men played in every phase
of the struggle.
It took the Prussian War Lords nearly three years of insult piled upon insult and injury heaped
upon injury to excite our peace-loving country to the point of declaring war. It was only when
the horrors of the "Lusitania" had sunk deep into the American heart and it became apparent
that human rights and human liberties everywhere were to be assailed that this nation entered
the struggle. After the military clique at Potsdam had forced us into a fight which we were
willing to avoid, as long as fighting could be honorably avoided, they realized their mistake.
That has been evidenced in a hundred ways. We entered the war at a period when France and
England were almost on their knees before the master military force of Europe. In nineteen
months from the day the United States declared war that great power had been crushed.
Historians of after years will undoubtedly give to the several countries involved their relative
place in the Allied achievement. Of course, the verdicts of history are often contradictory and
diffuse. For example, the French historian to-day exalts Napoleon and the English historian
debases him. One who has listened to the intimate recitals of many hundred returning soldiers
and commanders might be so greatly impressed with the valor and the skill and courage of his
own men and officers as to find his conclusions simply an effervescence of his pride and loyalty,
but despite all that, we venture this plain recital of fact:
For four years France furnished the battlefield of the Great World Struggle. The blood of her
gallant sons saturates the soil of the Western Front. England and Italy, too, gave their all to the
cause, and yet America is to be placed second to none of these. It has been said we did not
enter the war until the eleventh hour. We traveled three thousand miles of ocean and stepped
in at a critical time. We raised a great army. We poured out our money and provided food so
lavishly that humanity, staggered by barbarism and treachery, took courage and pressed on.
Our blood has mingled with the best blood of Europe, and whether tardily or not, we rescued
civilization. If it was the eleventh hour, America made it the eleventh hour. The picture of the
American Marines marching alone up that Paris Road on June 1, 1918, through kneeling lines
Buffalo's Part in the World War 491
of praying refugees and retreating French soldiers, to meet the onward rush of the Hun at
Chateau Thierry, can be written into every battlefield of France. It is the predominant picture
at every angle of the Boche's trip back to the Rhine. All that need be changed to correctly
record the situation is the division numeral of the American force engaged and that is the pic-
ture which will stand out most prominently for all time in every faithful portrayal of the closing
months of the Great World War.
I cannot close this record without giving expression to my very deep appreciation of the constant
co-operation I have received from Finley H. Greene, Chairman of the Mayor's Committee; from
Mayor George S. Buck, Councilmen Frederick G. Bagley, Charles M. Heald, Arthur W. Krein-
heder and .John F. Malone, at the head of the City Government; from Frank B. Steele, who, as
my associate in the compilation of this work, never tired in his quest for authentic data. Very
commendable and grateful mention must be made of the services rendered by William Staples and
George Hare, in furnishing the photographic reproductions of local events; of Lieut. Frank
Bloomer and Sergeant Edward J. Barry for many of the overseas pictures. Much of the data and
details of women's war work and various relief enterprises was furnished by Mrs. Henry Altman,
whose very able co-operation made possible so complete a record of that phase of our war work.
In the list of others who contributed materially in this production are to be included Ralph S. Kent,
of the War Savings Stamp Committee; Mrs. Richard Noye, Jr., Red Cross; Captain E. G.
Ziegler of the 108th Infantry; Captain Harry L. Gilchriese of the 106th Field Artillery; George D.
Crofts of the Liberty Loan; William S. Rann, United States Appeal Agent; Dr. George Smith,
Department of Education; W. W. Reilley, Chairman of the Draft Boards; Miss Alice Williams
and George E. Houck of the District Exemption Board; Rev. C. McLeod Smith, Federation of
Churches; Rev. Miles O'Mailia, Chaplain of the new 6.5th Regiment; A. H. Whitford, Y. M. C. A.;
Thomas Hennesey, K. of C; Rev. L. J. Kopald, Jewish Welfare; Mrs. George B. Barrell, Festi-
val of Light and Song; Thomas E. Lawrence of the Board of Supervisors, and hundreds of others,
soldiers and civilians, without whose valued and kindly co-operation this publication would have
been impossible. And last, but by no means least, around my most pleasant memories of this work
will be always entwined a recollection of the loyalty and painstaking effort of Conrad F. Toepfer,
Louis B. Lane and Kate Burr, Harry E. Stapleton of the 102d Trench Mortar Battery, and
Joseph McGowan, 108th Infantry, who in the preparation of copy and the reading of proof
rendered invaluable service. The Editor.
BUFFALO AND ERIE COUNTY
ROSTER
OF MEN AND WOMEN WHO
SERVED IN THE WORLD WAR
AT HOME— IN CAMPS— OVERSEAS
• •
HONOR ROLL OF ERIE COUNTY
• •
LIST OF WOUNDED AND THOSE
CITED FOR EXTRAORDINARY
HEROISM
ABBREVIATIONS
AW Accidentally Wounded
I Injured
WA Wounded in Action
MA Missing in Action
LS Lost at Sea
DD Died of Disease
AD ....... Accidental Death
DW Died of Wounds
KA Killed in Action
494
Buffalo's Part in the World W
AR
LIBERTY CLAIMS HER OWN
OUR HEROIC DEAD
ROSTER OF SOLDIERS, SAILORS AND MARINES WHO GAVE THEIR
LIVES IN ORDER THAT ALL THE WORLD MIGHT BE
MADE SAFE FOR DEMOCRACY
GOLD STARS ON CITY AND COUNTY SERVICE FLAG
Abel Frank— Pvt. DD Fort Porter, November, 1918.
Abel, Joseph J.— Co. E, 35th Field Artillery. DD
Camp McClennan, October 15, 1918.
Abt, Albert C— 326th Infantry. KA.
Ackerman, William B. — Pvt., Co. B, 311th Infantry.
KA Near Metz, October 14, 1918.
Adolf, Orlo J. — Seaman, Navy. DD Great Lakes, Sep-
tember 24, 1918.
Ahenok, Frank— Pvt. DW October 2, 1918.
Aichinger, John E. — Coxswain, U. S. S. "Stockton."
DD Queenstown, Ire., November 13, 1918.
Aitken, Douglas G. — Corp., Royal West Kent Rgt.
DW October 20, 1917.
Albrecht, Albion A.— Pvt. MA October 12, 1918.
Altrogge, Albert H. — 302d Engineers. DD January
27, 1918. Residence, Newstead.
Amdur, Chas.— Pvt. KA October 2, 1918.
Ammerman, J. B. — 77th Division. KA.
Ancona, Giuseppi— Pvt. KA October 3, 1918.
Andres, John— Pvt., Co. B, 309th Machine Gun Bat-
talion. KA France, September 5, 1918. Residence,
Cheektowaga.
Anken, Edward— Pvt. DD Ellis Island, N. Y., Feb-
ruary 7, 1919.
Apstein, Sam — Pvt., 302d Engineers. KA.
Cited for valor.
Ashby, Whitmon G.— Sgt., 304th Field Artillery.
DD March 19, 1919, France. Residence, North
Collins.
Au, Chas. E.— Corp., 7th Infantry. KA October 2, 1918.
Babinger, Albert J. — Landsman, for Machinist's Mate
(al. Naval Reserve. DD March 24, 1919.
Badina, Alwin L.— Pvt., 9th N. R. C. DD Camp
Wheeler.
Badina, Eugene — Corp., Headquarters 336th Infantry.
DD April 18, 1918, Camp Taylor.
Badrow, John F.— 77th Division. KA.
Bachman, Harold B.— Pvt. DD December 12, 1918.
Bachman, John A. — 2d Lieut., 308th Machine Gun
Company. KA September 26, 1918.
.\warded D. S. C. for extraordinary iieroism near Jaulnv. France,
on September 26, 1918.
Bachman, Leo F.—302d Am. Tr. DD April 11, 1918,
Camp Upton.
Backstrom, John- Mechanic, 307th Infantry. KA
October, 1918, Argonne.
Baker, Robert S.— Sgt., 74th Regiment. DD Buffalo,
July 7, 1917.
Balling, Peter J.— Pvt. KA Argonne, October 19, 1918.
Residence, Tonawanda.
Ballachey, Frederick A. — Lieut., Medical Department.
DD Camp Dix, September 26, 1918.
Bann, Frederick W.— Pvt., Co. L, 108th Infantry.
KA September 29, 1918, Cambrai. Residence, Aurora.
Bantle, Kenneth — Pvt., 1st Ordinance Regiment. DD.
Barber, Clifford A., Jr.— Pvt., Co. H., 4th Infantry.
DD February 3, 1918. Residence, Hamburg.
Bartlett, Robert H.— Pvt. DD. Residence, Springville.
Barnum, Arthur S.— Pvt., Infantry. DD Buffalo, No-
vember 7, 1917.
Bass, Elmer— Pvt., Co. K, 108th Infantry. DD
Spartanburg. Residence, Alden.
Bauer, Edwin H.— Sgt., Co. D, 309th Infantry. KA
October 18, 1918.
Bauer, Irving J.— Pvt., 29th Prov. Ord. DD October
7, 1918. Residence, Eden.
Bazoska, Ignatius— 306th Inf. KA October 4, 1918.
Beach, Clayton M. — Lieut., Rainbow Division. KA
July 19, 1918.
Beck, Leonard W. — Pvt., Co. A, Machine Gun Bat-
talion, 42d Division. KA June 7, 1918.
Bedford, Oscar— Co. A, 8th Inf. KA November 4, 1918.
Beels, Alfred — Pvt. DD. Residence, Elma.
Beitz, Roy J. — Pvt., 54th Canadian Battalion. MA
September 23, 1918.
Bell, Maxwell— Coast Artillery Corps. AD July 7, 1918.
Fort Moultrie, S. C.
Benzing, J. M.— Pvt., Co. B, 311th Infantry. MA No-
vember 11, 1918.
Bernstein, Henry— Pvt. DW October 21, 1918.
Besse, Ross C. — Pvt., Headquarters, 147th Infantry.
KA September 30, 1918.
Beter, Charles— Pvt. DW May 30, 1918.
Betz, Peter H.— Pvt., Co. D, 318th Engineers. MA.
Beyer, Robert H. — Lieut., Co. B, Machine Gun Bat-
talion. KA October 3, 1918.
Bibo, Raffele— 77th Division. KA.
Bialoglowicz, Teofil— Pvt. MA October 11, 1918.
Bianchi, Chas.— Pvt., C. E. F. KA.
Bickelman, George — Pvt. KA.
Bierbaum, George G. — Cadet. Air Service Squadron
No. 251. Died from aeroplane accident, December
27, 1917, Fort Sill, Oklahoma.
Bierbaum, Robert A.— MA October 2, 1918.
Bies, Bernard M. — Bugler, Co. D, 355th Infantry.
DW October 3, 1918. Vichy, France.
Bietrzbil, John— Pvt. DW December 2, 1918.
Biggins, Thomas. DW.
Blase, Louis — Battalion Sergeant Major, 309th Infantry.
KA September 17, 1918.
Blazkiewicz, Leo— Pvt., Co. H, 311th Infantry. KA
October 22, 1918.
Boechat, John A.— Sgt., lOSth Infantry. KA Le Cate-
let, August 30, 1918.
496
Buffalo's Part in the World War
Boehmke, Charles— Pvt., Co. H, 345th Infantry. DD.
Residence, Tonawanda.
Bohne, Fred— Pvt. KA.
Boldt, Chas. H.— Pvt., Co. A, .305th Infantry. DW
September 29, 1918. Residence, Colden.
Boncyski, Michael— Pvt. DD October 5, 1918.
Bonczer, Michael — Pvt., Marine Corps. KA.
Boone, Joe — Pvt. MA.
Borowski, Chester E. A.— Pvt. MA.
Bourne, Frank M.— Corp., Co. K, 306th Inf. DD.
Bradley, Albert — Pvt. DD January, 1919, France.
Brennan, Patrick — Seaman. DD July, 1918, Great
Lakes. Residence, Lackawanna.
Breen, Frank — KA, France.
Brider, Herbert— Pvt., Co. B, 312th Engineers. DD
October 12, 1918, France.
Brink, Frank H.— Pvt., Co. M, 309th Infantry. KA
September 17, 1918, France. Residence, Holland.
Broardt, Geo.— Pvt., Co. C, 306th Infantry. MA
September 6, 1918.
Broniige, Alfred— Corp., Co. E, 18th Infantry. KA
September 12, 1918.
Brooks, Charles M. — Ist-Lieut., 32d Engineers. DD
Camp Grant.
Brown, Joseph — Pvt. MA.
Brownshidle, Milton J.— Pvt., Co. M, 311th Infantry.
KA September 28, 1918, St Mihiel.
Brozoska, Ignatius— Pvt. KA October 11, 1918.
Broxup, John A. — Pvt., Marine Corps. KA Nov. 5, 1918.
Awarded D. S. C. for extraordinary heroism in battle.
Buchanan, David S. — Corp., Co. E, 311th Infantry.
KA October 16, 1918. Chevieres.
Bueier, Joseph— Pvt. KA July 16, 1918.
Buckholt, Cazimierz— DW July 24, 1918.
Bugmann, Daniel W. — Corp., Co. G, 311th Infantry.
KA November 1, 1918. Grand Pre.
Burdick, Glen L.— Sgt., Co. L, 309th Infantry. DW
Residence, Newstead.
Burke, John F.— Ist-class Pvt., Co. B, 311th Infantry.
DW September 28, 1918. St. Mihiel.
Burns, Evans — Seaman, Co. A, U. S. Navy. DD
Great Lakes. Residence, Holland.
Burns, James J.— Pvt., Co. K, 310th Infantry. KA
November 2, 1918. Hill 210.
Burns, John R.— Pvt., Co. B, 108th Infantry. KA
October 18, 1918.
Burr, Kenneth W.— Corp. DD October 16, 1918,
France.
Burrows, Lorenzo — Major, Mec. Corps. DD Septem-
ber 17, 1918.
Byers, Frank E. — Mechanic. DD November 4, 1918.
Byrne, Charles R.— Pvt., KA May 26, 1918.
Byrnes, Joseph L.— Sgt., Co. M, 309th Infantry. DD
February 5, 1919, France.
Cadden, Patrick — Pvt. KA France. Residence, Lack-
awanna.
Callahan, .Jerry- Pvt., Battery B, 32d Field Artillery.
DD October 8, 1918, Camp Meade.
Campbell, Peyton R.— Sgt., Co. D, 306th Machine
Gun Bat. KA September 4, 1918, Fismes, France.
Canditto, Frank B.— Pvt. DD January 9, 1919.
Cangiamila, Joseph — 2d Lieut., R. F. C. Killed in
accident, August 12, 1918, Scotland.
Caplo, Stanley— 77th Division. KA.
Carberry, Frank J. — Seaman, Great Lakes. DD Sep-
tember, 1918, Great Lakes.
Carrigan, Thomas— Pvt. DD Feb. 7, 1919, Camp Upton.
Carroll, John P— Corp. MA.
Carroll, Ralph--Corp. MA.
Carter, Kenneth P.— Pvt., 108th Infantry. KA Sep-
tember 29, 1918, Hindenburg Line.
Case, Charles— Lieut., Infantry. KA August 18, 1918.
Catania, Pasquale — Pvt. MA.
Catchpole, Harry G. — Ensign, Naval Aviation. AD
September 13, 1918. Cape May, N. Y.
Cavillier, George — Pvt., Infantry. KA.
Chamberlain, Maxwell E. — Corp., Marine Aviation
Corps. DD September 28, 1918, at Sea.
Churchill, Earl R.— 1st Lieut., Co. F, 110th Infantry.
KA August 7, 1918.
Cinffetelli, Loreto — Pvt., 12th Infantry. DD January
19, 1919. Residence, Newstead.
Clancy, Howard— Corp., Co. C, 309th Infantry. DW
October 19, 1918, Apremont.
Clark, James P.— Corp., Co. M, 108th Infantry. KA
October, 1918.
Clark, Wm.— Pvt. KA June 18, 1918, France. Resi-
dence, Aurora.
Clark, Wm. F.— Pvt. KA May 7, 1918, France.
Clay, Arthur R.— Sgt.. Co. D, 309th Infantry. KA
October 14, 1918, France. Residence, Aurora.
Clipper, Jesse W.— Corp. DD March 21, 1919
Clifton, Harry— Pvt., Co. K, 306th Infantry. KA Oc-
tober 5, 1918. Residence, Hamburg.
Closkey, Fred— Pvt., Co. F, 361st Infantry. KA Octo-
ber 9, 1918.
Clough, Charles L.— Pvt. KA October 31,1918, Somer-
ance. Residence, Aurora.
Conboy, Harry E.— Pvt. DD October 26, 1918, Edge-
wood Arsenal, Md.
Cohen, Benjamin— Pvt., Co. L, 108th Infantry. DW
October 23, 1918.
Cole, John A.— Pvt., Co. F, 306th Infantry. MA.
Collard, Clarence — Lieut. KA.
Collins, Earl J. — Pvt., Machine Gun Company, 61st
Infantry. KA.
Connofsky, Louis— Pvt. DD October 8, 1918.
Connors, William M. — Pvt., Machine Gun Company,
327th Infantry. MA September 13, 1918.
Conrad, Adrian K.— Pvt., Co. C, 18th Infantry. KA
July 18, 1918. Soissons.
Conrad, Victor A. — DD November 3, 1918, Camp
Wheeler, Ga.
Constanzi, Angelo — KA France. Res., Lackawanna.
Cotter, John J.— U. S. Navy. DD September 24,
1918, Great Lakes.
Coughlin, Cornelius F. — Sgt., Headquarters, 155th
Infantry Brigade. DD October, 1918, Paris.
Coughlin, Earl— Pvt., Troop G, 1st Calvary. DD July
10, 1917, Fort Russell.
Crosby, Harry E.— Lieut., 108th Infantry. KA Sep-
tember 29, 1918. Hindenburg Line.
Our Heroic Dead
497
Crow, Harvey C— Pvt. KA.
Crowe, Edward E.— Sgt., Battery C, 308th Field Ar-
tillery. KA September 27, 1918.
Culkowski, John— Pvt. MA.
Curzzo, Giuseppe— Pvt. KA October 16, 1918.
Curry .John V. — 2d Lieut. KA France.
Cuvik, Vincent— Pvt. DD Nov. 8, 1918, Anatol, N. J.
Cybulaski, Wladyslaw J.— Pvt. DD October 26, 1918.
Camp Sherman.
Czermejewski, Louis — Pvt., Co. K, 328th Infantry.
KA October, 1918, France.
Cziak, John— Pvt., KA June 26, 1918, France.
Dadah, Mayeeb— Pvt. DD Oct. 26, 1918, Fort Porter.
Dahl, Daniel P.— Pvt., Col., 308th Infantry. KA.
Residence, Tonawanda.
Daigliesch, George E. — Corp. DD December, 1918,
Fort Porter.
Daly, Edward M.— Fireman, U. S. S. "President
Lincoln." Lost at sea, July 4, 1918.
Daly, John P. — Pvt., Ambulance Corps. DD October
29, 1918.
Dane, Elmer W.— Sgt., Co. G, 309th Infantry. DD
February 11, 1919, Semur, Cote d'Or.
Darling, Carl M.— Corp. DD May 10, 1918, Camp Di.x.
Davis, James F. F. — Naval Station, London. DD Sep-
tember 28, 1918, London.
Debski, Stephen— Pvt. MA.
Dell, Ward W.— A. F., U. S. S. " Meade," Merchant
Marine. DD September 20, 1918.
DeMaria, John A.— Pvt. DW October, 1918.
Denier, Louis F. — Pvt. MA.
DeRum, Howard P.— Corp., Co. C, 102d Field Sig. Bn.
KA September 29, 1918, Ronssoy, France.
Awarded D. S. C. for extraordinary heroism in action near Ronssoy,
France, September 29, 1918.
Didley, Anthony — Sgt., Headquarters 311th Infantry.
KA October 25, 1918, Grand Pre.
Dickey, Floyd A.— Pvt., Co. A, 108th Infantry. AD
January 24, 1918, Spartanburg.
Dimon, Allen— Pvt., Co. G, 16th Infantry. KA July
18, 1918, Soissons. Residence, Wales.
Dinsmore, Charles — Pvt., Headquarters 108th Infantry.
KA October 13, 1918, St. Souplet, France.
Dittmer— Co. G, 307th Infantry. KA August, 1918,
France.
Dobbins. Reuben — Corp. DD November 1, 1918,
Buffalo.
Dobmeier. Joseph— Pvt., Co. B, 314th Supply Train.
KA October 27, 1918, France.
Dolan, Edward P.— Pvt., Co. B, 307th Infantry. KA
September 14, 1918, Aisne.
Donahue, Michael— Pvt., Co. B, 307th Infantry. DW
September 15, 1918, France.
Dorsheid, Norbert B.— Pvt., Machine Gun Co., 311th
Infantry. KA September 22, 1918, St. Mihiel.
Dowling, P.— Canadian Service. KA October 30, 1918.
Douglass, Allan W.— Lieut., Battery E, 113th Field
Artillery. KA September 13, 1918, France.
Dreher. Rudolph— Pvt., Co. H, 108th Infantry. AD
June 29, 1919, Bufl'alo, Niagara River by upsetting
of sail boat.
Driscoll, Cornelius P.— Sgt., Med., 106th Infantry.
AD December 1, 1918, Verdun.
Driscoll, Florence — Pvt. KA.
Driscoll, John J.— Sgt., 801st Steve. Battalion. DD
March 26, 1919.
Driscoll, Peter— Pvt. DD.
Driscoll, William J.— Pvt., 307th Infantry. KA Sep-
tember 9, 1918.
Drudge, Laverne W. — Pvt. DW France. Residence,
Clarence.
Dubiel, Stephen— Pvt., Co. L, 151st Infantry. KA
.July 18, 1918.
Dubrandryz, Charles— Pvt. DW July 13, 1919.
Duffy, Frank J.— Lieut. Col., 103d Engineers. KA
September 12, 1918, France.
Duggan, .John F.— Corp., Co. E, 311th Infantry. KA
October 16, 1918, Chevieres.
Duly, John R.— Pvt., Machine Gun Co., 316th Infantry
KA September 26, 1918, France.
Duly, R. H.— Corp., Provost Guard. KA September
5, 1918, France. Residence, Sloan.
Dusel, Edward T.— Cook. KA.
Dusenberry, Hiram— Pvt., 19th Battalion. DD Octo-
ber 1, 1918, Fort Ontario.
Dwyer, Frank— Pvt., No. 5 Field Hospital Unit. KA
July 31, 1918, France.
Earl, John Y.— Pvt., Co. M, 310th Infantry. KA Sep-
tember 28, 1918.
Eberhardt, Frederick B. — Co. Commander, Navy.
DD January 26. 1919, Great Lakes. Residence,
Kenmore.
Eberle, George J.— Co. J, 108th Infantry. DW Septem-
ber 29, 1918, Australian General Hospital.
Eckert, Arthur J.— Pvt., Headquarters 306th Infantry.
KA September 14, 1918.
Eckhar, Joseph— Pvt. DD Nov. 1, 1918, Camp Di.x.
Eckgren, Ephraim — Pvt. DD Camp Custer, Mich.
Edick, John O.— Pvt. DW.
Eddy. Eari P.— Pvt. MA June 5, 1918.
Efthim, Peter— Pvt., 309th Inf. MA October 26, 1918.
Eggleston, Allen L.— Ist-class Pvt., Co. H, 108th In-
fantry. KA September 29, 1918, Hindenburg Line.
Cited.
Elinore, Frank B.— Pvt., Battery A, 305th Field Artil-
lery. DD March 28, 1918, Camp Devens.
Ellwood, Henry— Battery A, Battalion 18. DD Octo-
ber, 1918, Camp Zachary Taylor.
Elsworth, Edward— Lieut. KA October 20, 1918.
Emmons, Harold T.— Pvt. DD September 21, 1918.
Epstein, Sam — KA.
Ernst, Lawrence F.— Pvt., Co. 67, U. S. Marine Corps.
KA June 14, 1918. Residence, Aurora.
Ernstine, Fred C— Sgt. MA.
Ervin, Anthony Y.— Pvt., Co. E, 311 Infantry. KA
October 16, 1918, Chevieres.
Essenwanger, George P. — Pvt., 1st Army Service Corps.
DD November 27, 1918, France.
Ether, Donald— Pvt. KA.
Evers, Harry T.— Pvt., S. A. T. C. DD.
Ewing, Henry C— Pvt. DD January 24, 1919, Phila-
delphia.
498
Buffalo's Part in the World War
Exner, William P.— Pvt., U. S. Marine Corps. KA
June 28, 1918.
Falla, Adolphus— Pvt. KA.
Fallon, Bert— Sgt. DD January 31, 1919, Camp
Merritt.
Falta, Frank— Pvt., Co. C, 312th Am. Transport. DD.
Falton, Frank— Pvt., Co. C, 312th Ammunition Field.
DD September, 1918, France.
Faulkner, Herman— Pvt. KA August 11, 1918.
Fareta, Rosalino— Pvt., Inf. KA September 24, 1918.
Feldmeyer, Michael F.— Co, L, 309th Infantry. DW
October 18, 1918, Grand Pre.
Ferger, John E. — Pvt., Royal Scots. DW November
18, 1917, Nettley, Eng.
Ferguson, Hugh M. — Pvt. MA.
Ferguson, James G. — Naval Hospital. DD July 7,
1918, Chelsea, Mass.
Ferstad, John— Pvt. DW.
Fickel, Charles J. — Pvt., 8th Infantry, Canadian Re-
serves. KA July, 1918.
Findlay, William A.— Pvt., Co. C, 108th Infantry.
KA September 29, 1918, Hindenburg Line.
Fickenscher, Edgar E.— Corp., Co. C, 309th Infantry.
KA October 18, 1918, St. Juvin.
Fink, John J.— Sgt. DD .January 31, 1919, Camp
Mills.
Finkelstein, Arthur B.— Corp., 106th Field Artillery.
KA November 3, 1918, Near Verdun.
Finn, William J.— Pvt., Co. D, 311th Infantry. KA
October 17, 1918, Chevieres.
Fisher, James C. — Pvt., U. S. Marine Corps. DW
March 1, 1919, Coblenz. Residence, Tonawanda.
Fitchett, Howard C— Pvt., Co. K, 107th Infantry.
DW October 1, 1918, LaQuintra.
Flickinger, Edgar— Corp. KA October 18, 1918.
Flint, Harold G.— Sgt., 195th Aero. DD December 21,
1918, Fort Sam Houston. Residence, Eden.
Flock, Edward— DD.
Florian, Frederick W.— Pvt., U. S. M. C. KA .June 7,
1918, Chateau Thierry.
Foote, Nathan H. — Capt., School Ship. DD December
23, 1918. Residence, Hamburg.
Forback, Richard F.— Pvt. KA October, 1918.
Forster, Linn H. — Lieut., 148th Aero Squadron. MA
October 24, 1918.
Forster, Michael J.— Sgt., 498th Aero Squadron. DD
October 9, 1918, France.
Foss, Fred — Aviation. AD. Residence, Newstead.
Fox, John A.— Pvt. DD November 9, 1918.
Fox, Louis— Pvt. KA.
Fox, Raymond F. — 1st Lieut., 1st Aero Squad KA Oc-
tober 1, 1918, Flanders.
Franclemont, Edward L. — 2d Lieut.. Air Service. DD
January, 1919, Garden City, N. Y.
Frank, Florence — Nurse, Red Cross. DD France.
Eraser, Eldred L. — Lieut., Tank Service. KA Decem-
ber, 7, 1917.
Eraser, Stuart, Jr.— Pvt., 302d Engineers. DW Sep-
tember 11, 1918, France.
Eraser, William W.— Pvt., 137th Canadian Infantry.
KA December, 1917.
Frazier, Bernard J.— Pvt. DD January 24, 1919, Fort
Porter, N. Y.
Frazzoli, Rocco— Pvt., Co. A, 310th Infantry. KA
September 22, 1918, St. Mihiel.
Freeland, Gordon C. — Corp., 48th Royal Gordon High-
landers. KA April 24, 1915.
Frey, Albert P.— Pvt. MA.
Friel, Harry G.— Corp. KA September 12, 1918.
Fronczak, Frank— Pvt., Co. M, 310th Infantry. KA
October 16, 1918, St. Juvin.
Gadowski, Walenty— Pvt. DW December 9, 1918.
Gaffney, James H. — 2d-class Engineer, Naval Re-
serve. DD November 24, 1918, on board U. S. S.
"Genesee."
Gait, Alexander— Sgt., Co. C, 307th Infantry. DD
October, 1918, Argonne.
Gannon, Howard J — 2d-class Seaman, Naval Air
Service. DA November 26, 1918, France. Residence,
Hamburg.
Gantozi, Marcus — KA October, 1918, France. Resi-
dence, Lackawanaa.
Garbereno, John— Pvt., 307th Infantry. MA July 22,
1918.
Garrett, Taylor P.— Pvt., 69th Engineers. DW July
14, 1919, France.
Garus, Stephen — 77th Division. KA.
Geblein, Harry H.— Pvt., Co. H, 116th Engineers. KA
October 17, 1918.
Gee, Joseph T. — Pvt., Aviation Corps. DD.
Geier, Harvey H. — Sgt., Headquarters, 108th Infantry.
KA, September 30, 1918, Hindenburg Line.
Geiselhart, Charles A.— Sgt., 306th Infantry. DW.
Genhard, Joseph— Pvt. D. W. September 13, 1918
Georger, Arthur M. — Pvt., 302d Engineers. KA, Sep-
tember 6, 1918, Bazoches.
Gernold, August J.— Pvt., Co. K, 311th Infantry. KA,
October 28, 1918, Grand Pre.
Gerstein, Lou— Pvt., Co. E, 307th Infantry. DD.
Gianfranceschi, John F. — Pvt. DD November, 1918,
Fort Porter.
Giallela, John— Pvt., 153d Depot Brigade. DD Sep-
tember 30, 1918, Camp Dix.
Gies, Walter E.— Sgt., Co. G, 311th Infantry. KA
November 1, 1918, North of Grand Pre.
Giganti, Frank P.— Pvt., Co. D, 30th Infantry. KA
July 15, 1918, Marne.
Gilbride, Patrick — Pvt. KA, France. Residence,
Lackawanna.
Girio, Michael— Pvt., Infantry. MA October IS, 1918.
Glavin, Edward J.— Pvt., Co. D, 146th Infantry. KA
November 9, 1918.
Goetz, Frank— Pvt., 302d Field Signal Battalion.
Goetz, Louis— C. P. Officer, U. S. S. "Florence H."
Killed in explosion at sea, March 17, 1918.
Goldie, Harry G.— Pvt., 108th Infantry. KA Septem-
ber 29, 1918, Hindenburg Line.
Goldring, David— Pvt., Co. M, 7th Infantry. KA.
Goldthrop, Reginald A. — Pvt., Engineers. DW De-
cember 20, 1918.
Golonik, Bronislaus- Pvt. DD Oct. 8, 1918, Camp
Dix.
Our Heroic Dead
499
Gorsky, Casimir— Pvt., U. S. M. C, DD November
14, 1918, France.
Gorny, John E. — 2d-class Seaman, Naval Reserve. DD.
Gosdek, William G.— Pvt., Co. A, 108th Infantry.
KA September 29, 1918, Hindenburg Line.
Goss, George F.— Pvt., Co. D, 30.5th Machine Gun
Battalion. DD November 9, 1918.
Gourlay, Charles J. — Able Seaman, U. S. S. "Acomo".
DD September 30, 1918, Staten Island.
Graham, Edward F. — 2d Lieut., Headquarters, 305th
Field Artillery. KA August 22, 1918, France.
Granneman, Arthur E. — Ist-class Pvt., Co. A, 37th
Engineers. DW .July 16, 1918.
Graves, Charles— Pvt. DD September 28, 1918, Dix.
Residence, East Aurora.
Graves, Justus W. — 417th Battalion. DD November
18, 1918. Residence, Clarence.
Green, George N.— Pvt., Co. F., 127th Infantry. DD
October 30, 1918.
Gregory, Gordon— Lieut., Co G, 306th Infantry. DW
October 15, 1918.
Griffith, Ben H.— Pvt. DD August 2, 1918, Hoboken.
Residence, Chaffee.
Gross, Frank A. — Seaman, Great Lakes. DD October
1918, Great Lakes.
Gross, George — Pvt., 9th Trench Motor Battery. DW
France.
Grossman, Joseph — U. S. S. "Martha Washington."
DD February 19, 1918, Brest.
Gristmaker, Raymond — Pvt., Co. A, 311th Infantry.
KA October 31, 1918, Argonne Forest.
Grove, Alvin W.— Pvt. DD.
Grove, Wm. L.— Sgt., Co. C, 307th Infantry. DD De-
cember 2, 1918, Leraoges, France.
Grow, Harvey C— Pvt., Co. B, 306th Infantry. KA
November 6, 1918.
Gruchala, Walter— Pvt., Co. D, 18th Infantry. DW
October 11, 1918, France.
Grundkowski. Max— Corp., Co. C, 58th Infantry. KA
August 6, 1918, France. Residence, Farnham.
Gruntz, Albert L. — Corp. MA November 7, 1918.
Guest, Frank J. — Great Lakes. DD September 18,
1918, Great Lakes.
Guzzo, Giuseppi — Pvt., Infantry. KA September 20,
1918.
Gurzynski, Henry G.— Pvt., 108th Infantry. KA Octo-
ber 12, 1918.
Gylfe, Carl R.— DD.
Haag, Edward— Pvt., Co. H, 311th Infantry. DD
Dix, March 11, 1918. Residence, Eden.
Hagen, Fred H.— Pvt., Co. F, 147th Infantry. DD
France, November 3, 1918.
Hague, Arthur A. — KA.
Haiman, Adam — Cook, Co. I, 1st Division. DW
France, October 9, 1918.
Hake, Walter A.— Pvt., Co. M, 309th Infantry. KA
France.
Hakes, Burt D.— Corp., Co. B, 303d Engineers. DD
December 27, 1918.
Haley, Thomas J.— Pvt. KA France, October 21, 1918.
Hall, Edwin J.— Sgt. DD Home.
Hall, Harold— Pvt. MA France, November 7, 1918.
Halligan, William, T.— Sgt., Co. H, 7th Regiment. DW
France, October 9, 1918.
Halm, Charles N.— 347th Infantry. DD France.
Halter, Frank A.— Pvt. DW France, September 3,
1918.
Haman, Henry G. — U. S. Navy. Died at Sea, Novem-
ber 22, 1917.
Harder, Clarence J. — 77th Division. KA France.
Harrington, Karl G.— Corp., Co. 455, U. S. Medical
Corps. DD Paris Island, February 1, 1919.
Harris, Louis H.— Pvt. MA France, October 12, 1918.
Harrison, Beyer R.~Pvt., Co. B, 305th Machine Gun
Battalion. KA Argonne, October 3. 1918.
Harrison, Nathaniel G. — Pvt. KA France, October
3, 1918.
Harrison, Willis B. — Lieut., Medical Corps. DD Feb-
ruary 4, 1919.
Hart, Lewis W.— Pvt., Co. I, 68th Infantry. DD Camp
Sheridan, November, 1918.
Hartman, Lambert T.— Pvt. DD October 30, 1918.
Hartnett, Edward R. — Pvt. DD Jefferson Barracks,
Mo., November 8, 1918.
Haspel, Leo N. — Pvt. DD .Jefferson Barracks, Mo.,
November 8, 1918.
Hauser, Earl W.— Pvt., Co. C, 345th Infantry. DD
France, October 24, 1918.
Hay, Lawrence — KA France, August, 1918.
Hayes, Patrick F. — Corp. MA France.
Hayward, Walter, 77th Division. KA France.
Haywood, Edward L. — Corp., Co. C, 108th Infantry.
KA France, October 17, 1918, St. Souplet.
Healy, Mary — Nurse, Red Cross. DD Camp Upton.
Heerwagen, Fred A.— Pvt., Co. C, 18th Infantry. KA
France, July 18, 1918.
Heider. John M.— Pvt., 153d Depot Brigade. DD
Buffalo, September 25, 1918.
Helmer, Elton W. — Lieut., Canadian Flying Corps.
KA France, September 8, 1918.
Hendershott, William C— Corp., Co. D, 303d Engi-
neers. DD France, October 29, 1918.
Henderson, Harry — Lieut. KA France, Oct. 16, 1918.
Hens, Norbert F.— Sgt., Co. H, 309th Infantry. KA
October 17, 1918, St. Juvin.
Herdt, Albert E.— Pvt., Co. 97, U. S. Machine Corps.
DD Coblenz, .January 28, 1919.
Hezmalhalch, Arthur — Corp., Co. A, 113th Infantry.
KA France, October 11, 1918.
Hibbard, Curtis T.— Pvt., Co. D, 311th Infantry. KA
Grand Pre, October 19, 1918. One of four brothers
in service.
Higgins, George F.— Pvt. DD Camp Dix, July 20,
1918.
Hilbert, William G.— Seaman, U. S. Navj.-. DD
League Island, September 22, 1918.
Hildebrand, George J.— Pvt., Co. D, 311th Infantry.
KA St. Juvin, October 19, 1918.
Hill, Arthur D.— 303d Ammunition Train. DD Eng-
land, June 19, 1918.
Hillery, David J.— Pvt., U. S. Marine Corps. KA
France, .July 11, 1918.
500
Buffalo's Part in the World War
Hilliker, James R.— Pvt. DD at Camp.
Hilton, Frank H.— Pvt. DD Philadelphia Navy Yard,
October 3, 1918.
Hirtzel, George B.— Pvt., Co. G, 61st Infantry. DW
France, November 18, 1918.
Hoag, George — 302d Supply Train. DD France, De-
cember 18, 1918. Residence, Newstead.
Hitzel, Walter H.— DD Paris Island, October 29, 1918.
Hodge, Henry— Pvt., Co. E, 30.5th Field Artillery. DD
February 20, 1919.
Hodge, Howard J.— Pvt., Co. I, 108th Infantry. DW
France, October 27, 1918. Residence, Hamburg.
Hoeckh, Andrew E.— DD Camp Dix, September, 1918.
Hoerner, Jacob J.— Pvt., Co. I, 303d Infantry. DW
France, October 19, 1918.
Hoelcle, John J. — Pvt., 312th Ammunition Train. D
W France, October 24, 1918.
Hoffman, Andrew— Pvt., 106th Field Artillery. DD
Buffalo, January 2, 1918.
Hoffman, Clarence N. — U. S. Marine Corps. KA
France, September 15, 1918.
Hofl'man, Chester E.— Pvt., Co. M, 311th Infantry.
KA Grand Pre, October 25, 1918.
Hohler, George H. — Pvt. KA France.
Hohman, Harold — Pvt. DD Camp Jackson, October
25, 1918.
Holbrook, Roy L.— Pvt., Co. F, 124th Infantry. Died.
Camp Mills, October 19, 1918.
Holman, Harold— Pvt. DD Camp Jackson, Nov. 2, 1918.
Hood. Robert S. — Seaman, U. S. Navy. Died at Sea.
Holtz, Frank F.— Sgt., Co. C, 307th Infantry. DW
Argonne, October 9, 1918.
Awarded D. S. C. for extraordinary heroism.
Holtz, John W. — Pvt., U. S. Marine Corps. KA France.
Hoppel, Charles J.— Pvt., U. S. Marine Corps. DD
Paris Island, November 7, 1918.
Hopper, Wilfred H.— Machinist's Mate, IT. S. Navy.
DD Great Lakes, September 21, 1918.
Horan, Daniel — Pvt. DD. Residence, Tonawanda.
Horan, Robert — Pvt. DD. Residence, Tonawanda.
Horseshorer, Michael Z. — DD Camp Beauregard.
Horton, George H.— Corp., Co. D, 108th Machine Gun
Battalion. KA France, September 29, 1918.
Houpt, George Knight — American Ambulance Corps.
DD France, .July 22, 1918.
Hourt, Elmer S.— Corp., Co. L, lOSth Infantry. DW
England, September 29, 1918.
House, Roy — Pvt., Co. C, 312th Ammunition Train.
DD November 29, 1918.
Howard, Raymond J. — Pvt., Co. A, 18th Infantry. KA
France, September, 1918.
Howard, Walter E.— Pvt., Co. H, 26th Infantry. KA
France, July 21, 1918.
Howell, Charles W.— Sgt., Battery E, 314th Field
Artillery. DD Camp Lee, Va., March 23, 1918.
Hudgins, Harry B.— Pvt. DD December 2, 1918.
Hughes, Osborn W. — Pvt. KA France.
Humbert, Louis A. — Pvt., Co. L, 311 Infantry. K.A
Talma Ferme, October 24, 1918.
Hunt, John R.— Pvt., U. S. Marine Corps. DW France,
September 20, 1918.
Huntzinger, Howard— Sgt., Co. F, 309th Infantry. DW
France, November 1, 1918.
Hyams, Leo A.— Pvt., Co. C, 336th Machine Gun Bat-
talion. DD France, December 9. 1918.
Hyde, William — Sgt. KA France.
Jackson, Oliver P. — 2d Lieut., Aviation Instructor. K
Mt. Clemens, October 29, 1918.
Johncox, Ralph R.— Pvt., 108th Infantry. DW France
October.
Janecko, Michael — Pvt. KA.
.Jerome, Michael — Pvt. KA.
Johnson, Oscar P. — Pvt., Headquarters, 304th Field
Artillery. KA September 15, 1918.
Johnson, Elmer — Sgt. KA France.
Johnson, Bert — Pvt., 10th Canadian. KA Cambrai.
Johnson, Harold F.— Pvt., Co. B, 310th Infantry. DD
September 16, 1918.
Kastel, Albert M. — Pvt. KA France. Res. Concord.
Jordan, John A.— Pvt., Co. B, 306th Machine Gun
Battalion. DW France, October 15, 1918.
Kayes, .Joe E.— Pvt., Infantry. DW October 14, 1918.
Kaczmarek, Frank J.— Pvt., Co. C, 311th Infantry.
KA October 16, 1918, Grand Pre.
Keller, Joseph E.— Pvt., S. P. U. 4-29. DD Dec. 8, 1918.
Keller, Lambert— Pvt., Co. H, 306th Infantry. KA
Fort McHenry.
Kellogg, .John W.— Corp., Co. M, 311th Infantry. KA
Bois de Bourgoyne, October 25, 1918.
Kerlin, Wesley — Pvt., Co. D, 7th Field Artillery. Died
January 26, 1918, Texas.
Kermebrook, Stanley — 2d-class Seaman. DD March
10, 1918.
Kelly or Kedley, John V. — Capt., Engineers.
Kendall, Robert E. — 1st Lieut., 303d Ammunition
Train. DD August 7, 1919, Dix.
Kerstetter. Charles— Pvt. DW.
Kiefhabler, Conrad F.— Pvt., Co. K, 308th Infantry.
KA August 22, 1918, Vesle River.
Kielland, Casper M. — 1st Lieut., Aviation. KA July
11, 1918, Tours.
Kiernan, Fred N.— Pvt., Co. E, 3nth Infantry. KA
October 18, 1918, Argonne Forest.
Killeen, Henry Stend — Corp., Engineers. DD Camp
Meade.
Kinderman, Martin A. — Corp. DD.
Kimmins, Winfield B. — U. S. Marine Corps. KA Oc-
tober 30, 1918, Argonne.
Kindt, Edward W.— Pvt., Co. B, 311th Infantry. KA
September 24, 1918, Bois St. Claude, St. Mihiel.
Kirby, James J. — Pvt., 11th N. Y. Engineers. DD
February 1, 1919, France.
Kirch, Henry W.— Pvt. DD Prior to October 25, 1918,
Camp, Pittsburgh, Pa.
Kirk[)atrick, James W. — DW France.
Kirschmeyer, Lauretta, Supervisor, Telephone Service.
Died October 10, 1918, Washington.
Kirschner. Fred W.— Pvt. MA.
Klaffka, John— Pvt., Co. K, 306th Infantry. KA.
Klaiber, Christ J.— Corp., Co. H, 311th Infantry. KA
September 21, 1918, Vieville.
Klaiber, Paul— Pvt. KA.
Our Heroic Dead
501
Klein, Sidney S. DW France.
Klemp, Joseph W. — Corp. KA France.
Kloss, Anthony, Co. E, 328th Infantry. DW Argonne
October 27, 1918.
Knapp, Estelle — Nurse. Red Cross. DD France.
Kobinski, John — Pvt. DW France.
Koch, Robert L.— Pvt. Co. H, 346th Inf. DD. Resi-
dence, Tonawanda.
Koelbl, Joseph N.— Pvt. D D Fort Ontario, May 20, 1 91 9 .
Kohl, John F.— Pvt. DD Jefferson Barracks, Mo.
Kohler, John W.~Pvt., Co. D, 307th Infantry. KA
France. Residence, Tonawanda.
Kolbe, Henry E.— Pvt., 18th Infantry. DW France.
Komisarek, Joseph — Pvt. DW.
Kotkowski, Piotr — MA.
Kowalewski, Walter— Pvt., 133d Infantry. DD.
Kowalsky, John — Corp., Co. A, 104th Machine Gun
Battalion. AD Spartanburg, S. C, April 13, 1918.
Kozak, Stanislaus— Pvt., U. S. M. C. KA France.
Kozlowski, John— Pvt. MA.
Krell, George— Pvt. AD.
Kreutzer, George — Corp. 302d Eng. KA Vesle, Aug. 20,
1918.
Kriedeman, Louis E.— Pvt., Co. D, 108th Infantry.
KA September 29, Hindenburg Line.
Krieger, Edward L. — Co. 95, U. S. Marine Corps, 6th
Regiment. KA June 16, 1918, France.
Krone, Joseph — Pvt. Killed in Camp, June, 1918.
Residence, Lackawanna.
Kubiak, Vincent — Pvt. MA.
Kuchenbeiser, Wm. M.— Pvt., Co. L, 309th Infantry.
KA October 16, 1918, Argonne. Residence, Aurora.
Kuckowski, Alexander — Pvt., Co. B, 311th Infantry.
DW September 28, 1918, St. Mihiel.
Kufhaber, Conrad F.— Pvt., Co. K, 308th Infantry.
Killed August 22, 1918, Vesle.
Kuhn, Louis W. — Corp. MA.
Kuhnke, Adolph F.— Pvt., Co. G, 311th Infantry.
KA Chevieres, October 17, 1918.
Kummer, Harry H. — Lieut. KA France.
Kwitatkowski, Stanley— Pvt., Co. G, 307th Infantry.
KA September 5, France.
Kurtzholz, Charles— Pvt., Co. K, 311th Infantry. KA
November 1, 1918, France. Residence, Springbrook.
La Duca, Natal N.— Pvt., Co. G, 307th Infantry. DD
January 17, 1919, France.
Laffin, Martin H.— Pvt., 306th Inf. KA Oct., 6, 1918.
Lambert, Charles E.— Sgt., Co. E, 309th Infantry.
DW November 1, 1918, Argonne Forest.
Lamm, George — Pvt., 7th Infantry. KA France.
Lanahan, Raymond J. — Pvt. 35th Squadron 3d Prov.
DD Camp MacArthur.
Lancer, James J.— Pvt., A. S. S. C. DW.
Laforanara, Antonia. MA.
Lang, Frank — Pvt. KA.
Lankes, Anthony G.— Pvt., Co. B, 18th Infantry. KA
November, 1918.
Lano, Joe — U. S. S. "Nevada."
La Porte, Frank— Pvt. DD.
La Prell, Joseph— Pvt., U. S. Marine Corps. KA Octo-
ber 4, 1918, Argonne.
La Rue, Arthur J.— Pvt., 7th Battery-26, 123d D. B.
DD September 29, 1918, Camp.
Lazter, Wendelin— Pvt., Co. M, 327th Infantry. DD
November 29, 1917, Camp Gordon.
Laurencell, Harry J.— Pvt., Co. B, 311th Infantry.
KA September 24, 1918, St. Mihiel.
Laws, Cyril, Mere!— Pvt., U. S. S. "Galveston." DD
September 23, 1918.
Lautz, Carl J.— Sgt. Maj. DD July 16, 1918, France.
Leary, Cornelius D. — Pvt., 153d Depot Brigade. DD
October 6, 1917, Camp Dix.
Lehen, John H.— Pvt. KA September 19, 1918.
Lehr, Peter — Pvt., Machine Gun, 61st Infantry. DW
, France.
Leprell, Ambrose J. — Pvt. KA.
Lesnowski, Stanley J.— Pvt., 125th Infantry. DW
June 4, 1918.
Le Roy, Lawrence H. — Pvt. MA.
Lewenicht, Louis— Pvt., Co. C, 306th Infantry. KA.
Leuthe, Clarence P. — Corp., Co. A, 61st Infantry. KA
November 7, 1918.
Liberty. Rosario — Pvt., 153d Depot Brigade. DD
October 1, 1918, Buffalo, N. Y.
Liebeck, Otto H.— Pvt., Co. K, 108th Infantry. KA
September 29, 1918, Hindenburg Line.
Liebler, Earl N.— Pvt., Co. C, 18th Infantry. DW
March 28, 1918, France.
Lighthart, George S.— Corp., 108th Infantry. DW
September 30, 1918, La Mans, France. Residence,
Fort Erie, Ont.
Loder, Fred W.— Pvt. KA Flanders.
Lodow.ski, Joseph — KA.
Lombardo, Joseph— Pvt., Co. D, 311th Infantry. DW
October 20, 1918, Grand Pre.
Lothrop, Thompson — 1st Lieut., Motor Division. DD
Cleveland, Ohio.
Lowery, William — 77th Division. Killed.
Luber, Michael J.— Pvt., Co. K, 310th Infantry. KA
October 16, 1918, Grand Pre.
Ludwig, Leo M— Pvt., 138th Field Artillery. DD Octo-
ber 18, 1918, England.
Lunard, Carl— Sgt., Co. D, 108th Infantry. KA Sep-
tember 29, 1918, Hindenburg Line.
Lunde Carl A.— Sgt., 108th Inf. MA August 20, 1918.
Luprell, Joseph — Pvt., U. S. Marine Corps. KA Octo-
ber, 4, 1918.
Luscolaskic, Louis — Army. KA October, 1918, France.
Lutz, Edward — Pvt., Co. D, 3d Machine Gun Battalion.
KA May 28, 1918, Cantigny, France.
Lutz, John E.— Pvt., 108th Field Artillery. DW Octo-
ber 27, 1918, France.
Lynch, Hugh E.— 77th Division. KA.
MacArthur, John — Lieut. KA Reported Killed, De-
cember, 1918; missing, October 23, 1918.
Cited for heroism. Awarded D. S. C. and badge of Legion of Honor.
Buffalo ".\ce" first aviator of the 27tfi Aero Squadron to bring
down Hun plane.
Macikowiski, John— Sgt., Co. 84, 6th U. S. Marine
Corps. KA July 19, 1918, France.
Mack, Griswold — KA France.
Mackay, Harold G.— Lieut., Co. I, 108th Infantry.
KA September 29, 1918, Hindenburg Line.
502
Buffalo's Part in the World War
Mackiner, Herbert — 77th Division. KA.
Mackmer. Herbert W.— Pvt., Co. A, 305th Infantry.
KA September 27, 1918, Meurrosons, D. S. C,
France. (Argonne Forest.)
Extraordinary heroism, covered withdrawal of exposed platoon
in face of hostile fire and protected his position, sacrificing his life.
MacMillan, Archibald — Sgt., Air Service. DD Feb-
ruary 19, 1918. Residence, Aurora.
Maczmarek Frank J. — Pvt. KA.
Madison, Olaf— Pvt., Co. A, 309th Infantry. KA Octo-
ber 20, 1918, Grand Pre.
Magnet, Glen E. — Chief Engineer, U. S. "Cyclops."
Drowned when ship was torpedoed.
Maher. .Joseph A. — Pvt. DI San Antonio, Te.x.
Mahoney, .James — Pvt., Co. K, 307th Infantry. KA
September 14, 1918.
Makowiecki, Boleslaw— Pvt., Co. B, 311th Infantry.
KA September 26, 1918, St. Mihiel.
Malecki, Edmund E. — Pvt., Machine Gun Company,
DD October 2, 1918, Camp Dix, N. J.
Maley, .Joseph A.— Pvt. Co. F, 23d. DD (Hospital),
France.
Malican, Frank A.— Pvt., Co. A, 108th Infantry. KA
September 29, 1918, Hindenburg Line.
Mallion, John A.— Pvt., Co. 47, 5th U. S. Marine Corps.
KA September 15, 1918, France.
Maloney, Thomas J.— Pvt., Co. B, 310th Tank Center.
DD France.
Mang, Edward R.— Pvt., Co. A, 18th Infantry. KA
October 4, 1918, Argonne.
Mann, Harold L. — Instructor. DD September 28,
1918, Camp Dix.
Manness, Arthur J. — Pvt., Ordnance. DD October 26,
1918.
Maroney, John L. — Corp. KA November 5, 1918.
Martin, George E.— U. S. Navy. DD October 2, 1918,
Great Lakes Training Station, 111.
Martin, James P.— Pvt., Co. G, 311th Infantry. KA
October 17, 1918, Grand Pre.
Martin, Steward W.— Pvt., 108th Infantry. KA Sep-
tember 29, 1918, Hindenburg Line.
Martin, Russell I— Pvt., Co. K, 108th Infantry. KA
September 28, 1918, Hindenburg Line.
Martini, Charles— Pvt. DW.
Mason, Melchor W.— Corp., Supply, 307th Infantry.
KA October 13, 1918, France.
Mass, Abraham, 77th Division. KA.
Massey, Walter. DD Buffalo Camp.
Massucci, Anthony — Pvt. Killed in accident at Camp.
Mattews, John J.— Corp., Co. I, 108th Infantry. KA
September 29, 1918, Hindenburg Line.
Matthews, Norman O. — Pvt., Australian Exp. Forces.
Died January, 1915, Egypt.
Mattone, Domenico — Pvt. DD Lackawanna.
Mattz, Herman~Sgt., Co. 49, U. S. Marine Corps.
5th Infantry. KA.
Matuszcaak, Lawrence A. — Pvt. MA.
Mayer, John V.— Pvt. DD October 2, 1918, Great
Lakes Training Station, 111.
Meosi, Phillip— Pvt. DD October, 1918, Camp Slocum
N. J.
Meoro, Thomas — Pvt. AD (Aeroplane accident).
McAllister, Clarence — Navy. D Lost at Sea. Resi-
dence, Akron.
McAllister, William — 77th Division. KA. Residence,
Tonawanda, N. Y.
McAlone, William J. — Corp. DD December, 1918,
Fort Porter, N. Y.
McCarthy, Joseph F. — 1st Lieut., Q. M. C. Stevedores.
DD September 25, 1918, France.
McCormick, Henry L.— Pvt., 306th Machine Gun Bat-
talion. KA September 6, 1918, Vesle.
McCreary, Donald K.— Pvt., Co. 96, 6th Marines.
KA July 19, 1918, Soissons. Residence, Aurora.
McCreary, J. B., Y. M. C. A. Secretary. Killed July
15, 1918, Prague, Germany (AD) (Official report,
April 1, 1919.)
McDonald, Edward J.— Corp., Infantry. MA October
16, 1918.
McDonald, John J. — Red Cross Transport Service.
DD October 13, 1918.
McDonald, Samuel J.— Pvt., Co. D, 106th Field Ar-
tillery. DD March 22, 1919, Hoboken, after return
from France.
McDonough, John J. — KA.
McDonough, Leo M. — Pvt., Co. 3, 49th Squadron.
DD February 6, 1918, Waco, Tex.
McDonough, John J. — KA.
McDevitt, Earl— 77th Division. KA.
McGuire, Edward J.— Pvt., Co. A, lOSth Infantry.
G and W October 17, 1918, Sambre Canal. DD (pneu-
monia), November 16, 1918, Winchester, Eng.
McGraw, Willard J.— Sgt., Co. K., 51 Pioneers. DD
March 2, 1919, Germany.
Mclntyre, William B.— Sgt. DD October 12, 1918,
Aberdeen Proving Grounds, Aberdeen, Md.
McKaig, Joseph— Pvt. Co. 116th, 6th P. R. KA Sep-
tember 29, 1918, Cambrai.
McKinley, Andrew A. — Pvt. KA.
McKnight, Raymond— Pvt., Co. I, 108th Infantry.
W and G. DW November 23, 1918.
McLeary, James — Pvt. MA.
McMahon, W. R. — 77th Division. KA Residence,
Tonawanda, N. Y.
McMillan, Nelson L. — Pvt. DD Camp Funston. Resi-
dence, Aurora.
McMillan, Ross L. — Corp. KA August 11, 1918, near
Fismes.
McQuaid, James C— Corp., 6th Can. Rifle Corps. KA.
McSweeney, Gerard F.— Pvt., Co. 49th, 5th U. S.
Marine Corps. KA November 11, 1918, Argonne
Forest, France.
Measor, John W.— Pvt., Co. E, 108th Infantry. KA
September 29, 1918, Le Catelet.
Miamo, Frank L.— DD September 25, 1918, Great
Lakes Training Station.
Michaels, Francis E.
Michel, Jerome— Pvt., Co. L, 308th Infantry. DW
September 9, 1918, Base No. 110.
Mielka, Fred L.-Corp. Co.8, 5thU.S. Marine Corps. KA.
Mikowski, Stephen -Pvt., Co. F, 306th Regt. KA.
Miller, Charles M.— Pvt., KA Infantry. Oct.21,1918.
Our Heroic Dead
503
Miller, Frederick, Corp. DD.
Miller, Roscoe C— Pvt., Machine Gun, 74th Trans-
ferred to Motor Machine Division. AD February 27,
1919, France.
Miller, Stanislaus J.— Pvt., Co. E, 61st Infantry. KA
October 13, 1918.
Miller, Stephen— Pvt. MA.
Miller, Walter— Pvt., 12th Infantry. DD January 19,
1918. Residence, Newstead.
Mills, Frank— Pvt., Co. I, 308th Infantry. Died in
prison camp, at Limberg, Germany, report of War
Department, December 20, 1918.
Minsterman, Albert M. — Pvt., Quartermaster Corps.
DD November, 1918, Jacksonville, Florida.
Minsterman, Julius E. — Sgt., 179th Aero Squadron.
DD October 14, 1918, Brooks Field, Texas.
Mol, Michael— Corp., Co. B, 40th Infantry. DD No-
vember, 1918, Camp Custer, Michigan.
Moll, Fred W.— Pvt., Co. B, 327th Infantry. DW
September 12, 1918, France. Residence, Ebenezer.
Monsees Edward— Pvt., Co. G, 311th Infantry. KA
October 28, 1918, Grand Pre.
Montie. Frederick J.— Corp., Co. I, 306th Machine
Gun Battalion. KA September 8, 1918, Vesle.
Montz, Albert E.— DD.
Moore, Arthur R. — Pvt., Aviation, K Gastner Field, Tex.
Mootz, Eugene W. — Seaman, Navy. Lost at Sea, Sep-
tember 30, 1918. Was on U. S. S. "Ticonderoga,"
and lost his life when ship sank, after being torpedoed.
Mose, William, Jr.— Co. F, 307th Infantry. DD
March 20, 1918, Camp Upton.
Moran, Charles V. — Sgt., Utilities Detachment. AD
August 5, 1918. Drowned at Camp Dix, N. Y.
Morgan, James M. — Pvt., Co. C, 302d Engineers. KA
September 26, 1918, Argonne.
Morgan, Thomas L.— Pvt., Co. I, 346th Infantry. DD
December 4, 1918, France.
Moritz, Jacob C— Pvt., Co. M, 311th Infantry. AD
September 17, 1918, St. Mihiel.
Morris, Patrick— Pvt. 360th Inf. KA October 14,1918,
Argonne.
Muench, Christ L.— Pvt. KA October 12, 1918.
Mundee, John D. — 77th Division. KA Residence,
Tonawanda, N. Y.
Murphy, Christopher P.— Corp.. Co. G, 108th Infantry.
KA France, Sept. 29, Hindenburg Line.
Murray, Daniel A.— Sgt., Co. I, 108th Infantry. Died
of accident, Buffalo, December 24, 1917.
Murray, Daniel J.— Pvt., Co. G, 311th Infantry. KA
September 20, 1918, St. Mihiel.
Murray, Raymond L. — Pvt. KA.
Murray, Roy Q.— 102d Eng. KA Oct. 17, 1918, France.
Nabbruch, John— Pvt. KA.
Naegely, Max O.— Pvt., 305th Infantry. KA.
Nagy, Ali— Pvt., Co. F, 309th Infantry. KA November
1, 1918, Bois des Loges.
Nattress, Douglas — 1st Sgt., Co. B, 541st Engineers.
DD France.
Neary, P. J.— KA.
Nebrid, Edward P.— Pvt., Co. A, 2d Detachment, 2d
Regiment, Eng. E.M.P. DD Oct. 1918, Fort Harrison.
Nehring, Charles R.— Pvt. DD October 18, 1918.
Neitizbie, John — 77th Division. KA.
Neidrauer, Jerome E — Pvt. DD.
Nelson, Arthur— Sgt., Co. G, 309th Infantry. KA Sep-
tember 17, 1918, St. Mihiel.
Nervin, Anthony— Pvt. KA October 18, 1918.
Newell, Loren E. — U. S. Marine Corps. KA June 7,
1918. Residence, Eden.
Newman, Frederick A. — Ist-class Machinist's Mate.
Missing (after collision of seaplane off Fire Island,
August 24, 1918).
Nicholson, William H. — Pvt., Medical Corps. DD
September 30, 1918, Camp Dix, N. J.
Nicosia, Michael — Pvt. MA.
Niemiec, Andrew — Pvt. DD November 9, 1918, Camp
Dix, N. J.
Niespodziany, Kazimer — Pvt., Co. G, 311th Infantry.
KA October 16, 1918, Chevieres.
Noveck, Harry — Pvt., Ordnance Department. DD.
Nolan, Martin F., Dr.— DD October 8, 1918, France.
Nyhart, Herbert E.— Pvt., Co. M, 108th Infantry.
DW October 20, 1918. Residence, Eden.
Oakley, Arley — Pvt. DW France.
O'Brien, Albert — Pvt., Student's Army Training Corps,
Canisius. DD Buffalo, October 18, 1918.
O'Brien, Hugh J.— Corp. DD February 24, 1919.
O'Connor, Frank A.— Pvt., Co. L, 4th Engineers. DD
Camp Humphreys, Va., October 25, 1918.
O'Donnell, Henry V.— Pvt., Co. C, 302d Engineers.
DD June 11, 1919, Buffalo. (Five days after return-
ing home, this boy lost his mind.)
O'Donnell, John G.— Corp., Co. B, 108th Infantry.
KA September 29, 1918, Hindenburg Line.
O'Loughlin, Francis S.-Pvt., Co. D, 307th Infantry.
DW France, October 21, 1918.
O'Neil Chester — Seaman. DD Great Lakes. Residence,
Hamburg.
O'Neil, John T.— Pvt. KA France.
Ortleib, Theodore- Pvt., Co. K, 306th Infantry. DW
France, November 28, 1918.
Orzejivas, John — Pvt. DW France.
Osborne, Alfred J.— Corp., Co. G, 18th Infantry. DW
France, October 19, 1918.
Ostrich, Andrew. DD Residence, Lackawanna.
Ostrowski, Francis S.— Pvt., Co. M, 311th Infantry.
DW France.
Ostwald, Albert F. (M. D.) DD October, 1918.
Ott, John— Pvt., Co. I, 346th Infantry. DD. Resi-
dence, Tonawanda.
Padgueski, George — Pvt. DD Camp Dix.
Pankow, Edwin E. A. — Pvt., 304th Mechanic's Repair
Shop. Killed Houston. Texas, May 14, 1918.
Palerno, Pasquale — Pvt., 311th Infantry. MA France.
Palmatier, Fred M.— Pvt. DD February 24, 1919.
Parker, Harold D. — Pvt., Headquarters Co., 55 Pio-
neers. DD France, October 7, 1918.
Parmenter, Wallace — Pvt., 302d Engineers. KA France,
August 18, 1918, Vesle.
Paulik, John— Pvt. MA France, October 5, 1918.
Pawlak, Stanislaw— Pvt., Co. E., 311th Infantry. KA
November 1, 1918, Grand Pre.
504
Buffalo's Part in the World War
Pbschylski, Valentine— U. S. S. "Van Steuben." AD.
Pearson, Edward R.— Corp., Co. D. 311th Infantry.
KA September 26, 1918, Vieville-en-Haye.
Pempsell, Joseph J.— Pvt., Co. B, 306th Infantry.
KA France, September 27, 1918. Argonne.
Penjka, Joseph— Pvt., MA October 15, 1918.
Petrie, Edwin S.— Pvt., Co. D, 306th Infantry. KA
October 15, 1918, St. Juvin.
Pewinski, Joseph— Pvt., Co. C, 30th Infantry. DD
Camp Hancock, Ga., October 15, 1918.
Pfeifter, Elmer A. — Pvt. MA France.
Phillips, Walter J.— Corp., Co. E, 309th Infantry.
DW November 2, 1918, Grand Pre.
Pierce, Edward P.— Pvt., Co. D, 108th Infantry KA
France, September 29, 1918, Hindenburg Line.
Pierson, Oliver M. — Pvt. Died Camp Syracuse, Sep-
tember 28, 1918.
Piper, Orin B.— Pvt., Co. G, 309th Infantry. KA
October 17, 1918, St. Juvin.
Plaskawiecki, Julius— Pvt. DW France.
Piatt, Lawrence H.— Major, Co. E, 309th Infantry.
KA France, September 17, 1918. St. Mihiel.
Plumann, William— Pvt., Co. H, 307th Infantry. DW
France.
Plewa, Joseph— Pvt. DD September 28, 1918.
Plewacki, Adam— Pvt., 23d Infantry. KA France,
April 3, 1918.
Plimpton, Chester H. — Lieut. KA France, September
27, 1918.
Poducski, George— Pvt. DD Camp Dix, Oct. 16, 1918.
Potter, Russell H., Jr.— Lieut., 558th Ambulance Sec-
tion. KA.
Potter, Sanford— Lieut. DD Camp Zachary Taylor,
October 17, 1918.
Potter, Stephen — Ensign, U. S. N. Aviation. Killed in
air battle, April 25, 1918.
Prigge, John— Pvt., 311th Infantry. KA France, Octo-
ber 26, 1918.
Przekwas, John— Pvt. DW France, December 14, 1918.
Prezimielewski, Vincent — Pvt. MA France.
Pucci, Tony— Pvt., Co. K, 311th Infantry. KA Octo-
ber 25, 1918, Grand Pre.
Pusaten, Frank— Ist-class Pvt., Co. G, 307th Infantry.
KA France, August, 1918. Vesle.
Putman, David R. — Lieut., Aviation Corps. Killed in
air battle.
Putman, Warren — Corp. MA France.
Quick, L. George— Corp., Co. F, 325th Infantry. DW
France, October 7, 1918.
Quinn, Eric D.— Pvt., Co. 16, 5th U. S. M. KA France
June 24, 1918.
Racinowski, Stanley — Pvt., V. S. Marine Corps. KA
France, November 2, 1918.
Radzio, Antonio — Pvt., 311th Infantry. DD France,
December 18, 1919.
Rambath, Charles E.— Pvt., Marines. DD Gallops
Island, September 28, 1918.
Ranney, Robert J.— Pvt., Base Hospital No. 23. DD
September 21, 1918.
Rappold, Albert L.— Pvt. KA France.
Rath, Edward C— Pvt. 307th Infantry. DW France.
Raymond, Edwin F. AD France, July 15, 1918.
Raymond, Edward L. — Pvt. DD.
Rebman, George W.— Pvt., Battalion B, 14th Field
Artillery. DD Camp Jackson, October, 1918.
Rebman or Redman, George W. — Pvt., Battalion B,
14th Field Artillery. DD Camp Jackson, Oct. 1918.
Reddan, Christopher K.— Sgt., Machine Gun, 108th
Infantry. AD May 11, 1919, Buffalo.
Redman, John H. — Pvt., Engineers. DD France, Jan-
uary 30, 1918.
Redmond, J. — Canadian Expeditionary Force. MA
France, October 30, 1918.
Rekon, Max— Co. B, 18th Machine Gun Battalion.
DW France, October 18, 1918.
Reilly, Francis J.— Pvt., Co. I, 311th Infantry. DW
October 26, 1918, Grand Pre.
Reister, Edward— DD Camp Dix, October 2, 191S.
Renski, John J.— Pvt., Co. B, 311th Inf. MA France.
Rentsch, George P.— Corp., Co. F, 309th Infantry.
KA November 1, 1918, Bois des Loges.
Reynolds (Rev.), J. P. — O. M. I. Lost at Sea.
Reynolds, Robert N. — Musician, 153d D. B. DD Camp
Dix, September 27, 1918. Residence, Springville.
Rice, Victor M (M. D.)— Capt., Medical Corps. DD
Camp Greenleaf, October 6, 1918.
Ricketts, Jack R. — Corp., Headquarters Co., 108th
Infantry. KA France, October 13, 1918, St. Souplet.
Ritter, Frank A.— Pvt., Co. G, 307th Infantry. DW
France, September 15, 1918.
Roberts, Leon J. — Pvt., U. S. Marine Corps. DW
France, April, 1918.
Robertson, Phihp — Lieut., 65th Squadron, R. A. F. F.
Killed in air battle, June 10, 1918.
Rodenberg, Joseph A. — Pvt., Co. D, 311th Infantry.
KA September 26, 1918. St. Mihiel.
Roche, John M.— Pvt. DW France, July 20. 1918.
Rohauer, John C— Pvt. DD Camp Dix, Oct. 4, 1918.
Roeder, George — DD. Residence, Tonawanda.
Roos, .James J. (D. S. C.)— Lieut. (Act. Capt.i, Co. B,
108th Infantry. KA France, October 17, 1918.
n. S. C. for heroism at La Selle River.
Rosehart, Henry J.— Pvt., Co. B, Battalion 13. DD
Fort Niagara, October 10, 1918.
Rosen, Maurice — Pvt. DD.
Ross, Albert J.— Sgt., 108th Infantry. KA France,
September 28, 1918, Hindenburg Line.
Ross. Harold B.— Capt. KA France, September 16. 1918.
Ross, Lawrence F. — MA France.
Roth, Alfred E.— Auto-Motor Designer, Q. M. C. DD
Washington, September 27, 1918.
Roth, Fred J.— Chief Mech., 106th Field Artillery. DD
Hoboken, March 24, 1919.
Rothbarth, Walter J.— Pvt., Co. E, 347th Infantry.
DD France, October 18, 1918.
Royce, George H. — Pvt., 108th Infantry. KA France,
September 29, 1918. Hindenburg.
Ruhling, Joseph V.— Pvt. DW France, Sept. 30, 1918.
Rumge, W. E.— 77th Division. KA France.
Russow, Fred C— Pvt., Co. C, 61st Infantry. KA
France, November 7, 1918. Residence, Orchard Park.
Ruth, Nicholas J.— Pvt. DD France, Nov. 22, 1918.
Our Heroic Dead
505
Ryder, Edward — Pvt., 215 Lincolnshire Regiment. KA
France.
Sabin, Gerald— Pvt., Co. D, 302d Eng. KA Vesle.
Sabata, Paul. KA France. Residence, Concord.
Sager, Gail H. — Corp., 108th Infantry. KA September
29, 1918, Hindenburg Line.
Santora, Gerardo— Pvt., Co. D, Sllth Infantry. KA
October 19, 1918, Grand Pre.
Santa Maria, Samuel — Pvt. DD in Camp. Residence,
Lancaster.
Salisbury, Edgar N.— Sgt., 331st, Infantry. DD April 6
1919, Camp Dix. Residence, Hamburg.
Saurish, Wm.— Pvt., 311th Infantry. DD June 24,
1918, Dix. Residence, Clarence.
Saar, Martin— Pvt., Co. B, 308th Machine Gun Bat-
talion. KA September 25, 1918, Jaulny.
Sawyer, William E.— Pvt., Co. G, 311th Infantry. KA
October 28, 1918, Talma Ferme.
Saxe, Jeremiah J., Jr. — Pvt., Co. D, 307th Infantry.
KA September 6, 1918.
Schabe, Charles J.— Pvt. DD November 1, 1918, Camp
Wheeler.
Schaefer, John M.— Pvt. KA.
Schaeffer, Howard E.— Pvt. MA.
Schaus, Martin J.— Pvt., Co. E, 328th Infantry. DW
October 19, 1918, France. Residence, Hamburg.
Schenck, Frank A.— Pvt. DW.
Schenckenberger, Joseph — Pvt. DD Prior to October
28, 1918, at Camp Jackson, S. C.
Schieffa, Oscar W.— Pvt. MA.
Schiefer, Jacob— Pvt., Co. D, 311th Infantry. MA
September 26, 1918, St. Mihiel.
Schlant, Albert C— Pvt., Q. M. C, Motor Truck
Drivers. DD September 26, 1918.
Schlosser, Arthur L.— Capt., Co. G, 111th Infantry. KA
September 29, 1918.
Schmidlin, Charles — Corp. DW.
Schmidt, Edward F.— Pvt. KA October 15, 1918.
Schmitt, Max S.— Pvt., Co. D, 147th Infantry. KA
Belgium, November 1, 1918.
Schneeberger, Nicholas H. — Pvt., Co. A, 14th Field
Artillery. DD Camp Jackson, S. C.
Schochet, Morris — Pvt. KA.
Schohm, Eugene C— Naval Res. DD October 14,
1918, England.
Schroder, George E. — Pvt., Signal School. DD October
10, 1918, Camp Gordon, Ga.
Schreiner, Edwin S.— Sgt., Co. M, 108th Infantry. KA
September 29, 1918, Hindenburg Line.
Schuh, Leo F. — Corp., Co. 276, Aero Squadron. Killed
in fall from Aeroplane, Columbia, S. C.
Schultz, Edward— Pvt., 36th Field Artillery. DD Oct-
ober 20, 1918, Camp McClellan, Ala.
Schultz, Walter- Pvt., Co. B, 311th Infantry. KA
September 26, 1918, Bois St. Claude.
Schurr, Alton— Pvt., Co. E, 328th Infantry. KA Octo-
ber 9, 1918.
Schurr, Ralph— Pvt., Co. D, 307th Infantry. KA
September 14, 1918. Residence, Aurora
Schuster, Harry G.— Pvt., Co. G, 307th Infantry. KA
October, 1918, Argonne.
Schweikhardt, Conrad — Pvt., Co. C, 2d A. A. Machine
Gun Battalion. DD December 7, 1918, injuries
received while moving, Nov. 30, 1918, Verdun, France.
Schweitzer, Leo L. — Pvt., Headcjuarters, 311th Infan-
try. KA September 29, 1918, Bois St. Claude.
Schwenk, Michael A. — Pvt. MA.
Scott, Chas. F.— Pvt., Co. K, 108th Infantry. KA
September 29, 1918, Cambrai.
Scott, Fay M. — 1st Lieut., 2d Division Millitary Police.
KA Argonne Forest, November 1, 1918.
Scott, William H.— Corp., Co. I, 311th Infantry. KA
November 2, 1918, Bois d'Bourgoyne.
Seereiter, Edwin M. — Corp. MA.
Sennett, William C, Jr.— Pvt., 108th Machine Gun
Battalion. KA October 6, 1918.
Seracki, Andrew — Sgt. DW.
Seward, Fred L. — Pvt. Lost at Sea. (Lost his life in
the sinking of the Transport "Ortanto," October 6,
1918, in collision with steamer "Kashmito," off
Scotland Coast.)
Sharts, Wm. F. DD. Residence, Tonaw-anda.
Shaw, Sylvester E. — DD. Residence, Tonawanda.
Sheamlie, Mansove J. — Pvt., 26th Infantry. DD
Camp Winthrop.
Shero, Herbert E.— Pvt., Co. C, 2d Engineers. KA
July 21, 1918, France. Residence, Hamburg.
Sieg, Robert — DD Camp Morrison, Va.
Sieracki, Andrew— Sgt., Co. M, 61st Infantry. DW
November 5, 1918, Argonne Forest.
Sigafoos, Floyd W. — DD January, 1919, France.
Residence, Lackawanna.
Sikora, Joseph— Pvt., Co. L, 309th Infantry. KA
October 16, 1918, Argonne.
Sikorski, Kazmlerz — Pvt. MA.
Sitarski, Stanislaw— Pvt. DW.
Skarbeck, Joseph— Pvt. KA October 13, 1918.
Smarmack, Anthony — Pvt. MA.
Smith, Charles — Lieut. AD December 25, 1918, France.
Smith, Edward E. — Pvt., Canadian Expeditionary
Force. KA August 9, 1918, Amiens. Residence,
Chaffee.
Smith, Frank— Pvt., Co. B, 324th Infantry. MA No-
vember 9, 1918, France.
Smith, Gerney E. — Pvt. DD Fort Porter, November
8, 1918.
Smith, Harold S.— Pvt. DW Hospital, France, October
17, 1918.
Smith, Howard — Pvt., Headquarters Troop, 2d A. C.
KA October 17, 1918.
Smith, James.
Smith, Joseph W.— Corp., Co. I, 108th Infantry. KA
September 29, Hindenburg Line. (Cited.)
Smith, Sigmund — KA.
Smolik, John— Sgt., Co. C, 309th Infantry. KA Octo-
ber 20. 1918, Grand Pre.
Snyder, Daniel A. — Pvt., Signal Corps. AD (Re-
ported as drowned in foreign waters.)
Snyder, Edward S. — Pvt., 20th Canadian Infantry.
KA October 11, 1918.
Soiotzlaki, Ignatz — Pvt. MA.
Sokul, Paul— Pvt. KA.
506
Buffalo's Part in the World War
Somma, Cosimo — Pvt., Co. E, 311th Infantry. KA
November 1, 1918, Bois d'Bourgoyne.
Sommer, Archie— Pvt., Co. G, 306th Infantry. DW.
Sommer, Frank — DD. Residence Tonawanda.
Somnierville, Howard D— Pvt., Co. E, 309th Infantry.
KA October, 1918, Argonne.
Sommerville, E. — Canadian Service. MA Ottawa Des-
patch, August 26, 1918.
Soutter, Eugene — Mechanic. KA.
Spellman, Harry~Pvt. DW January 31, 1918.
Souter, James C. — Sgt., Intelligence Department, 108th
Inf. DW August 27, 1918, Mandalay Cross, Belgium.
Stachewicz, Anthony — Pvt. MA.
Stack, Phillip— Pvt., Engineers Casual No. 3. DD
Camp Upton, October 9, 1918.
Stabell, Wm. J.— Pvt., 309th Infantry. KA August,
1918, Marne. Residence, Alden.
Stannard, Claude A. — Corp. MA.
Stein, Charles — Pvt., 307th Infantry. KA Argonne
Forest, August 30, 1918.
Stemplewski, Joseph~Pvt., Co. K, 328th Infantry.
KA October 8, 1918.
Sterz, Ferdinand — DD. Residence, Tonawanda.
Steves, Charles E.— Corp., Co. M, 74th. DD December
8, 1917, Buffalo, N. Y.
Stillinger, Roland— Pvt., Battery E, 304th F. A.
KA October 16, 1918. St. Juvain. Residence, Aurora
Stokes, Alfred H.— Sgt., Co. L, 309th Infantry. KA
October 16, 1918, St. Mihiel. Residence, Hamburg.
Stolarski, Adam~Pvt. MA.
Stozewski, Walter — Pvt., U. S. Marine Corps. DW
June 16, 1918.
Strasser, Walter F.— Pvt. DW July 18, 1918.
Strickland, Chester.
Striegel, Joseph A.— Sgt. DD January 27, 1919, N. Y.
Strite, Raymond — Base Hospital No. 23. DD October
7, 1918. Residence, Tonawanda.
Strough, Edward B.~DD.
Struebeng, Chas. D.— Pvt. KA.
Stubensz, Stanley — Corp. DD.
Stupezynski, Leonard — Pvt. MA.
Stutz, Edward J.— Pvt., Co. C, 7th Infantry. DW
June 23, 1918, France.
Subke, Harry C— Pvt., Co. C, 307th Infantry. KA
September 2, 1918.
Sullivan, Dennis~Pvt. DD September 29, 1918.
Sullivan, James F.— Sgt., Co. C, 6th Infantry. KA
September 12, 1918, St. Mihiel.
Sullivan, John L.— Pvt., Co. B, 311th Infantry. KA
November 4, 1918, Les Petites ArmoLses.
Surtalski, Edward— Pvt., 306th Infantry. MA Sep-
tember 12, 1918.
Swalski, J.— MA.
Swan, Oscar A. — Lieut., U. S. Marine Corps. KA No-
vember 10, 1918.
Sweeney, John J. — 2d-class Heavy Artillery, Navy.
KA December 3, 1918, Pauillac, France.
Swerdloff, Benjamin — Pvt. DD Prior to October 25,
1918, Camp Upton, N. Y.
Swinogurski, Kozimoeyz — Pvt. DD Prior to October
25, 1918, Camp Di.x, N. J.
Swinnerton, George A.— 1st Sgt., Co. D., 306th Ma-
chine Gun Battalion, KA August 15, 1918. Mt.
St. Martin, France.
Synek, John F.— Corp. MA.
Szafranski, Adam J.— Pvt., Co. H, 306th Infantry. DW
October 11, 1918.
Szarmack, Anthony — Pvt. MA.
Szydlowski, Matthew— Pvt., Co. M, 306th Infantry.
KA October 26, 1918, Grand Pre.
Szymanski, Nicholas J. — Pvt., 311th Infantry. KA
October 19, 1918, Grand Pre.
Szyperski, Edward — Co. D, 4th Infantry. DW France.
Residence, Depew.
Tarasin, Peter T.— Pvt. KA France, Sept. 26, 1918.
Tarko, .John— Pvt. DW France, October 27, 1918.
Tarr, Stanley T.— Lieut. Co. B, 4th Infantry. KA
France, June 23, 1918, Chateau Thierry.
Tales, Arthur— Sgt., Co. M, lOSth Infantry. KA
France, October 25, 1918.
Taylor, George — Pvt. KA France.
Taylor, Harold W.— Sgt. KA France.
Taylor, James R.— Pvt. DW France.
Tegler, Frederick G.— Pvt., Co. C, 306th Machine Gun
Battalion. KA France, August 22, 1918.
Terrose, Frank- Pvt., Co. K, 60th Infantry. MA
France.
Tharaw. Herman — Sgt., U. S. Marine Corps. KA
France, August 22, 1918.
Theis or Thiesz, Harry G.— Pvt., 307th Auxiliary Re-
mount Depot. DD Camp Wadsworth, October 7,
1918.
Thomas, Anthony J. — Corp., 340th G and P Regiment.
DD. Residence, North Collins.
Thompson, John W.— Pvt., Troop H, 16th Cavalry.
DD December 16, 1918. Brownville, Tex.
Thurber, Lynn A. — 77th Division. KA France. Resi-
dence, Springville.
Thurston, James F.— Pvt., Co. F, 334th Field Artillery.
DW France, March 10, 1919.
Tidball, Zan Linn, Jr.— Lieut., 9th U. S. Aerial
Squadron. KA France, October 10, 1918.
Tillman, Laverne — Sgt., 309th Infantry. KA France,
October 16, 1918. Residence, Newstead.
Timmons, Frank— Pvt., Co. 34, 9th Battalion. DD
Camp Dix, October 2, 1918.
Timmerman, Herman — Pvt., Co. L. 7th Infantry.
KA October, 1918. Residence Brant.
Todorowski, John — Pvt. KA France.
Tojdowski, Joseph— Pvt., 311th Machine Gun Co.
KA October 3, 1918, Bois St. Claude.
Tolodzieski, Konstanty — Pvt. MA France.
Tomczak, Stanislaw — Pvt. KA France.
Tonnies, Henry T.— Sgt., Co. D, 6th Sep. Bat. U. S.
Marine Corps. KA France, November 1, 1918.
Tracy, Francis M.— Lieut. KA France Sept. 27, 1918.
Tracy, Joseph— S. A. T. C. (Canisius.i DD, Fort
Porter, Buffalo.
Tralin, Frank J.— Pvt. DD Camp Zachary Taylor,
October, 1918.
Trank, Florence — Nurse, Red Cross. DD, Havre,
France, October 5, 1918.
Our Heroic Dead
507
Trautman, Frank— Pvt., Ist-class, Co. G, 325th In-
fantry. KA France, October 11, 1918.
Traynor, Owen — Seaman, U. S. S. "Waverly." Died
at Sea.
Treble, Hedor W.— U. S. Avation. DD Naval Hospi-
tal, Chelsea Mass, September 30, 1918.
Trosp, Charles F.— Pvt. MA.
Trulin, Frank J.— Pvt., Battery C, 10th Battalion,
First Army Replacement Depot. DD Camp Taylor,
October 15, 1918.
Tuarozyiiski, Boleslaw— Pvt. KA France, Oct. 14, 1918.
Tubbs, Fred Senn — Ist-class Pvt., Base Hospital No.
23. DW France, October 4, 1918.
Tucholski, Vincent— Pvt., Co. B, 328th Infantry. KA
France, September 7, 1918.
Tucker, Alfred— Pvt. KA France, August, 1917.
Tucker, Cyril F.— Pvt. KA France, December 5, 1918.
Tuskey, William H.— Pvt., U. S. C. G. DD March 13,
1918.
Umiker, Wm. J.— Sgt., Co. G, 309th Infantry. KA
October 18, 1918, Bois des Loges.
Urban, Bernard F.— Corp., Co. G, 307th Infantry.
DW France, October 1, 1918.
Vandenburg, Albert — Pvt. DD Fort Niagara, October
6, 1918.
Vaughin, W. Roscoe— DD Camp Jackson, Sept. 26, 1918.
Veola, Marino. DW France, September 10. 1918.
Vogt, Edwin G.— Pvt., Co. D, Naval Aviation. DD
Florida, October, 1918.
Volland, Magdalene — Nurse, Base Hospital No. 23.
DD France, September 22, 1918.
Vollbracht, Ferdinand— Pvt. DD March 3, 1918.
Volz, Fred— Pvt. Died, November 18, 1918.
Wadleigh, George E.— DD Great Lakes, Oct. 24, 1918.
Wagner. Elmer — Co. C, 307th Infantry. DW France,
June 4. 1918.
Wagner, John F.— Corp. DA, April 3, 1919.
Walasek, John — 77th Division. KA France.
Walczak, Frank W.— Pvt., 306th Field Artillery. KA
France, August 26, 1918.
Walczak, Joseph T.— Pvt., Co. K, 326th Infantry. KA
France, August 4, 1918.
Wald, Marcus G.— Pvt. KA France.
Waldron, James J.— Pvt., Co. G, 311th Infantry. DW
October 19, 1918, Chevieres.
Walfrom, R.— KA France, July 23, 1918.
Walkowiak, John V.— Pvt., Co. E, 310th Field Artillery.
DD France, October 25, 1918.
Wall, Charles A. — Lieut. Air Service. Killed, Curtis
Field. August 20, 1917.
Wall, Maurice A.— Sgt., Co. E, 311th Infantry. KA
October 17, 1918, Grand Pre.
Walsh, Gerald H.— 3d-class Electrician, U. S. N. R. F.
DD New London, April 27, 1919.
Walter, Leslie J.— Pvt., Co. F, 311th Infantry. KA
November 1, 1918, Grand Pre.
Walters, Charles T.— Pvt., U. S. Marine Corps. MA
France.
Wannetwetsch, Edward— Pvt., Battery F, 76th Field
Artillery. Died, Camp Shelby, January 29, 1918.
Residence, Hamburg.
Ward, Henry W.— Sgt., Co. M, 108th Infantry. KA
September 29, 1918. Hindenburg Line.
Ward, J. — Canadian Expeditionary Force. KA France,
August 26, 1918.
Wark, Robert A. — Gunner, Navy. AD Buffalo, July
26, 1919.
Waring, Wm. W. — 1st Lieut., Aviation. DD October
31, 1918.
Awarded D. S. C. Posthumously.
Watchaskie, Walter— Pvt., Co. F, 61st Infantry. KA
France, November 7, 1918.
Waters, James W. — 37th Engineers. DD Fort Myer.
Watersheath, Norman A.— Pvt., Co. K, 108th Inf. KA
September 29, 1918, Hind. Line. Res. Tonawanda.
Way, Harry B.— Pvt., 147th Inf. DD Nov. 15, 1918.
Weber, Arthur H.— Pvt., Co. A, 109th Machine Gun
Battalion. DD France, September 22, 1918.
Weber, Francis X.— DD July 24, 1917.
Weidman, John C— Corp., Co. B, 311th Infantry. KA
September 24, 1918, St. Mihiel.
Weintraub, David— Pvt., Co. 18, 152d Depot Brigade.
DD Camp Upton, November 24, 1918.
Weisansal, Edward N. — 3d-class Electrician, U. S.
Navy "Cyclops." Lost at Sea.
Welch, Samuel G.— Pvt., Co. D, 108th Infantry. KA
September 29, 1918. Hindenburg Line.
Welczak, Frank W.— 77th Division. KA.
Wells, Frank H.— Pvt., Co. D, 311th Inf. MA Sep-
tember 26, 1918, St. Mihiel. Residence Tonawanda.
Wendt, Ernest T. — D. Residence, Tonawanda.
Wenz, Richard J.— Pvt., Co. 84, 153d Depot Brigade.
DD Camp Dix, October 1, 1918.
Wesniekski, John — Pvt. DD.
Wesp, Franklin P.— Pvt., 3d Machine Gun Battalion.
KA July 18, 1918, Soissons. Res. W. Seneca.
Weter, Paul H.— Pvt., Ist-class, Co. D, 306th Machine
Gun Battalion. KA Merval, September 8 1918.
Wever, Edward P. — Pvt. MA France.
Wheadrick, Winfield G. — Co. 32, Canadian Aviation
Service. Killed in airplane accident, Camp Borden,
September 15, 1917.
Wheeler, David E. (M. D.)— Major, Med. Corps. KA
France, August 15, 1918. (While attending wounded.)
Wheelock, Myron — KA. Lost at Sea.
Whelan, Dominic W.— Pvt., Co. I, 311th Infantry.
DW England, July 8, 1918.
White, Archie L.— Pvt. DD January 9, 1919.
White, Charles W.— Pvt., Headquarters Co., 327th
Infantry. KA France, October 7, 1918.
Wiede, Earl A.— Pvt., Co. C, 108th Infantry. KA Sep-
tember 29, 1918, Hindenburg Line.
Wielkiewicz, Frank J.— Pvt., Co. B, 306th Infantry,
77th Division. KA September 5, 1918.
Wierzbicki, George — Pvt. DD Camp Dix.
Wiesczcecinski, Kazimierz — Pvt., Co. C, 302d Engi-
neers. KA Vesle, August 18, 1918.
Wild, Henry— Pvt., Co. 27, 153d Depot Brigade. DD
Fort Niagara, Octo"ber 11, 1918.
Wilgio, Frezzoli — Pvt. KA France, September 22,1918.
Wilhelm, George B— Pvt., Co. A, 4th Infantry. KA
France, October 12, 1918.
508
Buffalo's Part in the World War
Willerth, Conrad E.— Pvt., Air Service School. DD
St. Paul, October 11, 1918.
Williams, Annie — Nurse, Red Cross. DD France.
Williams, Earl T.— 301st Field Artillery. DD Camp
Devens, May 7, 1918.
Williams, Spencer C. — Lieut., Sig. Res. Corps Aviation.
Killed by collision in flight, Mineola, May 21, 1918.
Williams, Theodore C— Pvt., Co. C, 28th Infantry.
KA France, June 19, 1918.
Winkler, Charles F.— Pvt., Headquarters Co., 311th
Infantry. DW October 17, 1918, Grand Pre.
Winnerton, G. A. — 77th Division. KA France.
Witt, Maximilian— Pvt., Co, I, 7th Infantry. DW
France, October 15, 1918.
Witucki, John F.— Bugler, 5th Rec'n Battalion. DD.
Wojczynski, Anthony — ^Sgt. DW France.
Wolanski, Henry— Pvt., Co. A, 306th Infantry. DW
France, August 22, 1918.
Wolbert, Geo. B.
Wolf, Henry, Jr., Pvt., Co. C, 303d Field Signal Bat-
talion. KA September 20, 1918, St. Mihiel.
Wolf, Lawrence— Sgt., Co. L, 309th Infantry. KA Oc-
tober 16, 1918, Argonne. Residence, Hamburg.
Wolfe, Edward N., Pvt., Co. Machine Gun, 348th In-
fantry. DD October 28, 1918.
Wolft', Lewis E.— U. S. Navy. DD Great Lakes, Sep-
tember 26, 1918.
Woodard, Charles E. — Pvt., Air Service. DD Hous-
ton, March 27, 1918.
Woodcock, Wm. D.— Ist-class Elec (R), U. S. Navy
R. F. DD Great Lakes, September 29, 1918.
Woppman, Joseph — Pvt., 311th Infantry. DW France,
October 30, 1918.
Wos, Stephen— KA France, July 30, 1918.
Wright, Arthur C— Corp., Battery B, 106th Field
Artillery. AD Spartansburg, October 6, 1917.
Wysocki, Anthony— Pvt., Co. G, 306th Infantry. MA
France, October 1, 1918.
Yaschuk, Stephen— Pvt., Co. G, 311th Infantry. KA
September 29, 1918, St. Mihiel.
Yates, Charles — Corp., 76th Canadian Battalion. KA
France, April 12, 1918.
Young, John Y. — Pvt. KA France, November 9, 1918.
Yund, Joseph J.— Corp., Co. L, 108th Infantry. DD
Camp Merritt, March 5, 1918.
Zaliewaski, John — Pvt. KA France.
Zopf, George — Pvt., Canadian Expeditionary Force.
KA France, August 11, 1917. Residence, Hol-
land.
Zerlintski, Frank N. — 77th Division. KA France.
Ziefski. Frank— Pvt. MA France, November 11. 1918.
Zientarski, Chester — Corp. MA France.
Zier, Howard S.— DD Troy, October 20, 1918.
Zimmer, Frederick W. — Aerial Unit No. 2. AD
Buffalo, May 30, 1917.
Zimmerman, George S. — Corp. KA France, October
13, 1918.
Zogasis, Pete — KA France. Residence, Lackawanna.
Zranski, Ada J. — 77th Division. KA France.
Zofl'ke, George A.— Pvt., Co. M, 7th Infantry. KA
France, July, 1918.
Zwacaki, Joseph — Pvt. KA France, August 6, 1918.
ERIE COUNTY'S VOLUNTEER CHAPLAINS
Brent, Rt. Rev. Chas. H. — Episcopalian. Entire charge
of the work of chaplains, A. E. F.
Awarded D. S. C.
Briggs, Rev. Geo. A. — Baptist. Camp Wadsworth, S. C.
Britt, Rev. Edmund J. — Catholic. Camp Zachary
Taylor and Camp Dix.
Burke, Rev. Jos.— Catholic. A.E.F., 91st Div., Belgium.
Carra, Rev. James, DD. — Catholic. Camp Merritt,
N. J. Transport service.
Crimmen, Rev. George — Catholic. Camp Wadsworth,
S. C. 105th Field Artillery.
Dynes, Rev. Walter.
Ferrall, Rev. Benj. S. — Disciples. Tidewater Dist., Va.
Fornes, Rev. Walter — Catholic. Camp Wadsworth,
S. C. and 106th Field Artillery, A. E. F.
Howland, Rev. Murray S. — Presbyterian. A. E.F., France
Cited.
Howley, Rev. John— Catholic. Camp Upton, N. Y.,
1.52d Depot Brigade.
Hubbell, Rev. Harry H. — Presbyterian. Associate
Director of Bible Study Work, Paris, France.
Hume, Rev. H. Ross — Presbyterian. A. E. F., France.
Hutchinson, Rev. Arthur — Catholic. A. E. F., France.
Kemp, Rev. Chas.— Catholic. A. E. F., 604th Eng. Corps.
Leffler, Rev. John F.- -Methodist Episcopal. Religious
and Ent. Div., A. E. F., France.
Lowe, Rev. Arthur F. — Episcopalian. French Si.xth Ar.
Lukasik, Rev. Charles — Catholic. Ft. Niagara, N. Y.
and 44th Artillery, A. E. F.
McLennan, Rev. Wm. E. — Presbyterian. War Camp
Community Service.
Nuwer, Rev. Roman — Catholic. Base Hospital No.
79, A. E. F., France.
O'Shea, Rev. Maurice — Catholic. Base Hos|.ntal, Toul.
A. E. F. France.
Regan, Rev. Eugene— Catholic. 47th Inf., A.E.F. France.
Rochford, Rev. John E. — Cathohc. 10th Infantry.
Sessions, Rev. Francis W. — Methodist Episcopal. Edu-
cational Dept., Camps Upton and Plattsburg.
Stanton, Rev. Frank W.— Baptist. U. S. Naval Train-
ing Station, Pelham Bay.
Trexler, Rev. Samuel G. — Lutheran. Base Hospital
No. 8, A. E. F., France.
Wanenmacher, Rev. Francis — Catholic.
Ward, Rev. John C. — Episcopalian. Te.xas border.
Camp Wadsworth, S. C. 107th and 108th Infantry.
Wounded October 12, 1918.
Awarded D. S. C. for extraordinary heroism in action at Ronssoy,
France, Sept. 29. 1918.
U. S. ARMY
BUFFALO ROLL CALL
Abbarno, Pasquale L.— Pvt., Co. C, 5th Battalion.
Abel, Frank J.— Pvt., 173d Aero Squad.
Abel, Fred— Pvt., 302d Engineers.
Abel, George W.— Pvt., Medical Corps.
Abel, Walter J.— Corp., Officers' Training School.
Abbott, Kail W. — Lieut., Air Service.
Abbott, Lurtian M. — Pvt., Co. D, 302d Engineers.
Aberth, Russell C— Corp., Co. A, 333d Br.Tank Corps.
Aberth, Walter C— Pvt., Base Hospital.
Abramowicz, John J.— Pvt., Co. G, 346th Infantry.
Abramowicz, Frank — Pvt., 308th Infantry.
Abrams, Raymond C— Corp., 158th Depot Brigade.
Abramson, Samuel— Sgt., 487th Motor Transport Corps.
Abraham, Frank J.— Pvt., S. A. T. C. (U. B.)
Achnarzmeier, Frank — Lieut., 85th Infantry.
Ackerman, George R. — Corp., Headq'rs., M. T. C.
Ackerman, John H.— Pvt., Co. F, 326th Infantry.
Ackerman, Thurstose F. — Pvt., Co. E, 37th Engineers.
Ackerman, William— Pvt., Co. B, 311th Infantry.
Ackerman, A. A. — Pvt., Co. C, 335th Machine Gun Bat.
Ackendorf, William— Sgt., Battalion F, 74th C. A. C.
Ackley, William J.— Pvt., Co. C, 37th Engineers.
Acquard, Walter J.— Pvt., 14th Battalion U. S. Guards.
Acquisto, Dominick — Pvt., Quartermaster Corps.
Adam, Jacob Henry — Pvt., Co. 10, Transport Corps.
Adamaczak, Stephan — Pvt., Co. H, 311th Infantry.
Adams, Glenn H. — Corp., Ordnance Corps.
Adams, Ralph G.— Pvt., 318th Engineers.
Adams, William M. — Pvt., Co. 18, Quartermaster Corps.
Adams, Harry J.— Pvt., Battery B, 13th Field Artillery.
Adams, Charles G. — Pvt., Headquarters, 21st Eng.
Adams, Francis — Lieut., Dental Corps.
Adams, Alfred M.— Bugler, M. C. Co., 11th Infantry.
Adams, Edward J. — Sgt., Base Hospital.
Adams, George — Pvt., Co. C, 23d Engineers.
Adams, John — Lieut., Aviation.
Adams, Harry E. — Pvt., Base Hospital 23.
Adams, John R. — Sgt., Base Hospital 23.
Adams, Joseph — Pvt., Co. C, 49th Infantry.
Adams, Lawrence S. — Sgt., Co. C, 317th Infantry.
Adams, Phillip J.— Pvt., Co. E, 148th Infantry.
Adams, Ralph G. — Bugler, 318th Engineers.
Adams, W. B. — Corp., 153d Depot Brigade.
Adams, William E. — Pvt., Co. 4, 1st Battalion.
Adamski, Felix— Pvt. WA.
Adamski, Frank — Pvt.
Adamuh, Joseph — Pvt., 302d Quartermaster Corps.
Adamzak, Paul— Pvt. W. A.
Addezio, Joseph D. — Sgt., 301st Repair Unit.
Addison, George — Pvt., Co. 26.
Addison, William J. — Corp., Co. B, 85th Infantry.
Adelman, Howard B.— Pvt., S. A. T. C.
Adolf, Leo— Pvt., Battery D, 309th Field Artillery.
Ad.sit, Henry — Capt., Machine Gun Co., 107th Infantry
D. S. C. for extraordinary heroism. While leading a platoon forward
became pocketed by enemy Machine Guns. He personally went
forward and by the use of grenades and hi.s pistol made possible the
holding of the position. Wounded.
Aherne, Michael — Pvt., Ordnance Detachment, 406th
Machine Shop Truck Unit.
Ahrens, John L. — Pvt., 303d Ammunition Train.
Ahrens, Edward W.— Pvt., Co. B, 336th Machine Gun
Battalion.
Ahrens, Adolph — Pvt., Headquarters, 347th Infantry.
Ahrndt, Henry W.— Pvt., Co. 27, 7th Training Bat.
Aikin, Harry J. — Pvt., Co. A, 303d Ammunition Train.
Airnault, Andrew — Pvt., Supply Co., 34th F. A.
Arntermeier, Leonard — Air Service.
Akow, James — Pvt. WA.
Albanio, Herman L. — Corp., Band, 55th Pioneers.
Albee, Jesse F.— Corp., Co. K, 306th Infantry. WA.
Alberts, Rosario M.— Pvt., Co. C, 47th Battalion.
Albert, Carl A. — Corp., General Hospital 31.
Albing, Herbert L. — Pvt., Headquarters Detachment,
303d Ammunition Train.
Albrechcinski, Peter — Pvt. WA.
Albrecht, Frederick — Corp., 276th Aero Squad.
Albrecht, H. J.— Sgt.
Albright, Walter L.— Pvt., Co. G, 307th Infantry.
Albro, Preston — Lieut., 35th Aero Squadron.
Aldrich, Burton J.— Pvt., Machine Gun Co., 311th In-
fantry. WG.
Aldrich, Oscar H.— Pvt., Co. D, 7th Field Artillery.
Aldridge, Lewis H. — Pvt.
Alexander, Alexander S. — Gunner, 49th Battalion, Brit-
ish Expeditionary Forces.
Alexander, Joseph S. — Pvt., Co. A, 302d Engineers.
Alexander, William— Pvt., Battery E, 46th F. A.
Alf, Andrew— Pvt., Co. G, 311th Infantry. WA.
Alf, .John A.— Pvt., Co. G, 311th Infantry. WA.
Alfano, Frank — Pvt., Co., 21st Infantry.
Alexander, Raymond E. — Pvt., 812th Infantry.
Allein, Fred J.— Pvt.
Allan, Herbert W.— Sgt., Base Hospital 23.
Allan, John S. — Gunner, Air Service.
AUard, Clayton J.— Pvt., Co. I, 3d Infantry.
Allen, Chas. H. — Pvt., Headquarters, 2d Corps.
Allen, Clark H.— Pvt., Co. A, 32d Infantry. WA.
Allen, Edward E.— Pvt., Machine Gun Co., 122d Inf.
Allen, Edmund R.— Pvt. WA.
Allen, Eugene W.— Pvt., Co. A, 128th Engineers.
Allen, Gregory S.— Pvt., 306th Base Hospital. WG.
Allen, Homer G.— Corp., Co. H, 311th Infantry. WG.
Allen, Kenneth W. — Lieut., 5th Battalion, First Army
Replacement Depot.
Allen, Joseph— Pvt., Co. 17, 157th Depot Brigade.
Allen, Louis — Pvt., Ambulance Co. 345.
Allen, Leonard T. — Lieut., 85th Squadron, Air Service.
Allen, William F. — Sgt., Ordnance Department.
Allen, William C— 148th Infantry.
Allespach, George L. — Co. J, 1st Regiment.
Allessi, Samuel— Sgt., Co. L, 309th Infantry. WA.
AUgrim, Louis E. — Pvt., 315th Machine Gun Corps.
Alliger, Frank — Wagoner, 102d Ammunition Train.
510
Buffalo's Part in the World War
Allman, Isaac W. — Co. A, 23d Engineers. WG.
Albright, Sherman — Sgt., Provisional Ambulance.
Allyn, Ohio C— Lieut., Co. D, 349th Infantry. WA.
Almand, Francis — Sgt.
Alslord, Victor J.— Pvt., Co. D, 74th Coast Art. Corps.
Alt, Walter F.— Sgt., Co. G, 309th Infantry.
Allen, Edmund R.— Sgt., Co. F, 6th Infantry.
Altemoos, Norman— Pvt., Co. B,— 309th Infantry.
Altemoos, Chas. H. — Pvt., Military Police.
Alto, Edward— Pvt. WA.
Altschuler, Wm.— Pvt. WA.
Altschafer, George — Pvt. WA.
Amarante, J. C. — Pvt., Troop H.
Ambrose, Benjamin J. — Corp., Co. E, 303d Engineers.
America, Frank M. — Capt., American Red Cross.
America, Robert G.— Pvt., Co. B, 302d Am. Train.
Amigona, Peter A. — Pvt., Co. A, 18th Machine Gun Bat.
Amoroso, Carmelo — Pvt., Co. B, 68th Engineers.
Amoroso, Angelo — Pvt., Co. E, 131st Infantry.
Amos, Ernest R. — Corp., 23d Photo Section.
Ampleinent, George H. — Corp., Co. A, 346th Infantry.
Alstead, Roy Arno— Pvt., Battery F, 335th F. A.
Ancona, Donato — Pvt. WA.
Andel, John— Pvt., Co. G, 325th Infantry.
Andela, Louis G.— Pvt. WA.
Andert, Otto F. — Lieut., Co. 17, Canadian Machine Gun.
Anderson, Wallace A. — Lieut., Air Service.
Anderson, Edgar W. — Pvt., Co. I, 60th Infantry.
Anderson, Eric J. — Lieut., 11th British Field Artillery.
Anderson. Carl D. — Pvt., Base Hospital 23.
Anderson, Carl J. — Pvt. WA.
Anderson. Carl R.— Corp., S. A. T. C.
Anderson, Gustave A. — Sgt. WA.
Anderson, Henry — Pvt., Co. D, 102d Am. Train.
Anderson, John M. — Pvt., Quartermaster Corps.
Anderson, Raymond — Pvt., Co. K, 345th Infantry.
Andino, Liborio— Pvt., Co. A, 311th Infantry. WA.
Andino, Russell J. — Pvt.
Andizejak, Stanley F.— Pvt., Co. I, 7th Infantry. WA.
Andre, Paul C— Pvt., Co. D, S. A. T C.
Andnaceio, Victor — Pvt., Quartermaster Corps.
Andres, Andy J.~Lieut. S. A. T. C.
Andrejenski, Anthony R. — Pvt., Co. E, 312th Infantry.
Andrews, Roy M.— Pvt., Co. A, 306th Machine Gun Bat.
Andrews, Charles W. — Lieut., Air Service.
Andress, Walter G.— Maj., Machine Gun Co., 107th
Infantry. WA.
Andrews, Wellington — Sgt., 826th Aero Squadron.
Andriaccio, Leonard — Pvt., Supply Co., 303d .Am. Train.
Andriatch, Daniel — Pvt., Co. B, 302d Engineers.
Andriatch, Dominick C. — Pvt.
Andriatch, Max — Pvt., Tank Corps.
Andru.szkiewiez, Stanley — Pvt.
Andrzejenski, Stanislaus — Pvt., Co. B, 311th Infantry.
Andrezyenski, Walter— Pvt., Co. F, 156th Depot Brig.
Andrezejenski, Steaven — Pvt., Co. H, 348th Infantry.
Andrzejak, Stanley F. — Pvt., 27th Infantry.
Andryzjak — Pvt., 97th Infantry.
Andrzejewski, Stephen S. — Pvt., Machine Gun Co.,
14th Regiment.
Anetzberger, John M. — Corp., Battery E, 334th F. A.
Angelo, John — Pvt., Co. 8, 2d Battalion.
Angiele, Tony
Anger, Clifford W.— Pvt., Co. E, 302d Engineers.
Anger, William W.— Pvt., 105th Trench Mortar Bat'y.
Anger, Elgin F.— Pvt.
Anken. Edward— Pvt., Co. G, 109th Machine Gun
Battalion. WA.
Anken, John — Pvt., Machine Gun Co., 7th Infantry.
Anker, John J.— Pvt., Co. H, 59th Pioneers.
Anner, C. H.
Annsiewicz, Joseph L. — Pvt., Co. 2, September Auto-
matic Replacement Draft.
Anselmo, Joseph — Pvt., 513th Motor Transport Corps.
Antczole, Stanley E.— Pvt., Co. 15, 17th Regiment,
Anthony, Charles J. — Sgt., Co. 7, Coast Artillery Corps.
Anthony, Peters — P\t., 14th Regiment, First Army
Replacement Depot.
Anthony, William J. — Pvt.
Antonulli, Rosario — Pvt., 14th Depot Brigade.
Antozzo, Dante J. — Lieut., 306th Infantry. WA.
Anzalone, Anthony— Sgt., Co. G, 307th Infantry. WG.
Appelbe, Sydney S. — Pvt., Co. 10, Air Service.
Appleton, Frank — 302d Engineers.
Apshur, Walter— Pvt., Co. F, 307th Infantry. WA.
Aquaro, Frank — Pvt., 153d Depot Brigade.
Arber, Peter J.— Pvt., Co. 17, 158th Depot Brigade.
Arcangel, Nicolas F. — Pvt., Co. A, 302d Engineers.
Arcaro, Thomas — Pvt., Co. A, 146th Machine Gun Bat.
Archbald, Edw. B. — Lieut.
Arch, Frederick W.— Corp., Battery D, 13th F. A.
Arch, Leroy A. — Pvt., Co. 2, 71st Engineers.
Archbald, Joseph A., Jr.— Lieut., Battery D, 28th F. A.
Archie, Edward— Pvt., Battery T. 402d Field Artillery.
Arendt, Leo— Pvt., Co. B, 302d Engineers.
Argus, Herbert — Corp. WA.
Arengo, John— Pvt., Co. G, 307th Infantry. WA.
Arkyns, Chester J. — Pvt., Co. H, Air Service.
Arkowitz, Herman — Pvt., Co. K, 347th Infantry.
Arkourty, Samuel — Pvt., Can. Expeditionary Forces.
Armbrust, Arnold T. — Lieut., Ordnance Department.
Armstrong, David C. — Pvt., Co. C, 15th Regiment.
Armstrong, Earl L. — Pvt., Headquarters Co., 311th Inf.
Infantry.
Armstrong, Roger N. — Sgt.-Maj., Battery E, 35th
Field Artillery.
Armstrong, Clarence O. — Pvt., Troop M, 14th Cavalry.
Armstrong, Sherman — Pvt., U. S. Proving Ground.
Armstrong, Edwin J. — Pvt., 309th Infantry.
Armstrong, Walter J. — Pvt., Co. A, 15th Military Police.
Arnieri, Mike — Pvt., 307th Infantry. WA.
Arnold, Edward James — Corp., Co. G, 348th Infantry.
Arnold, Edwin E.— Pvt, Co. 321.
Aruso, Amedeo — Pvt. WA.
Ascanazy, Harry — Pvt., 153d Depot Brigade.
Ascanazy, Jacob — Pvt., Co. A, 46th In antry.
Ash, A. L.— Pvt., 302d Repair Unit.
Atkins, Maurice A. — Pvt., Co. H, 161st Infantry.
Atwood, W. Roy— Sgt., Co. H, 309th Infantry. WA.
Atwood, Hyatt B.— Corp., S. A. T. C.
Atzrott, Henry J.— Pvt. WA.
Au, Charles E.— Corp., Co. E, 7th Infantry. WA.
U. S. Army
511
Auer, Lawrence J. — Pvt., Co. B, 306th Infantry.
Augstell, William J.— Pvt., 302d Engineers.
Augustyniak, Michael — Pvt. WA.
Augustejniak, Michael— Pvt., 326th Infantry.
Aul, Harry R.— Sgt., Co. E, 309th Infantry.
Aurek, Anthony — Pvt. WA.
Austin, Elmer R. — Pvt.
Austin, Harry T. — Pvt., Co. A, 302d Engineers.
Austin, Joseph J. H.— Pvt., Co. F, 307th Infantry. WA.
Austin, Edward F.— 312th Engineers Train.
Avery, Charles W. — Pvt., Signal Corps.
Ayers, Mahlon J.
Aylward, John A. T. — Pvt., Headquarters Co., 156th
Depot Brigade.
Azzarello, Michael — Pvt., A. E. F.
Andres, Walter C— Pvt., Co. H, 345th Infantry.
Babcock, Arden C— Pvt. WA.
Babcock, Harold C. — Pvt., Quartermaster Corps.
Babcock, Theodore A. — Pvt., 6th Balloon Company.
Babcock, Warren G.— Pvt., Co. D, 311th Infantry. WA.
Babel, Elmer H.— Pvt., 16th Engineers.
Bach, Elmer W.— Pvt., Co. C, S. A. T. C.
Boehler, Michael— Pvt., 307th Machine Gun Battalion.
Bachmann, Aloysius A. — Pvt., Base Hospital 23.
Bachmann, Joseph V. — Pvt., Base Hospital 23.
Bacon, Theodore B. — Pvt., Medical Corps.
Badame, Joseph— Pvt., Co. B, 348th Infantry.
Bade, George.
Baderwitz, Herman R. — Corp., Co. D, 4th Motor Sup-
ply Train.
Baetzhold, George J.— Lieut., 309th Field Artillery.
Baetzhold, Howard K. — Sgt., Headquarters Co., 13th
Infantry.
Baer, John E.— Pvt., Co. D, 305th Machine Gun Bat-
talion. WA.
Baer, Hammond W.— Sgt., Co. 37, 153d Depot Brigade.
Baetzhold, Arthur G. — Pvt., 12th Ammunition Train.
Bagen, Bernard— Pvt., 32d Group 3.
Baginski, Alexander V.— Pvt., Battery F, 19th F. A.
Bagley, Carlton T., M. D., Lieut., 102d Am. Train.
Bagley, Roswell P. — Lieut., Air Service.
Baglio, Rosario — Pvt.
Baham, Edgar Earl — Pvt.
Baia, Andrew— Pvt., Co. K, 348th Infantry.
Baier, George T.— Pvt.
Bailey, Alam E. — Pvt., Ambulance Corps.
Bailey, S. S. — Q. M. Sgt., Can. Expeditionary Forces.
Bailey, Harold C— Sgt., S. A. T. C.
Bailey, Paul V. — Pvt., Students' Army Training Corps.
Baird, Thomas A. — Pvt., 302d Engineers.
Baird, Fred H.— Sgt., 307th Machine Gun Battalion.
Baird, Vincent A.— Pvt., Co. A.
Baird, Maxwell A. — Pvt., Co. D, 51st Pioneers.
Bojak, Frank— Pvt., WA.
Bajarrozzi, Frank — Pvt., 21st Engineers.
Bakas, Walter— Pvt., Co. G, 59th Pioneers.
Baker, Albert A.— Sgt., Headq'rs Co., 326th Tank Corps.
Baker, Chester G.— Corp., WA.
Baker, Cuthbert— Pvt., 19th Engineers.
Baker, Grover C. — Mech., 154th Machine Gun School.
Baker, Harry T.— Pvt., Battery B, 34th Field Artillery.
Baker, John M.— Pvt., 5th Cavalry. WA.
Baker, Stanley— Sgt., Co. B, 306th Infantry.
Baker, Webster C— Pvt., 8th Infantry.
Baker, C. E.— Pvt., 19th Engineers.
Baker, Lansing H. — Corp., Co. A, 107th Infantry.
Bakert, Francis A. — Pvt., Quartermaster Corps.
Balarek, Kaiser F.— Pvt., Co. F, 59th Pioneers.
Balcerek, Ignace — Pvt., Co. C, 49th Battalion.
Balcerek, Leo F.— Pvt., Co. A, 302d Engineers.
Balduf, Elmer W.— Welding School.
Baley, Fred E.— Pvt., Co. C, 303d Ammunition Train.
Baldy, Wesley H. — Lieut., Ordnance Corps.
Balistriere, Pietro— Pvt., Co. 9, 33d Battalion.
Balkin, Thomas E. — Pvt., Quartermaster Corps.
Ball, Echan T.— Lieut., 212th Engineers.
Ball, Chester J. — Pvt., Headquarters Co., Baloon Ser.
Ball, Emil C. — Co. 1, Provisional Labor Battalion.
Ball, Hiram Smith— Pvt., 498th Aero Squadron.
Ball, James F.— Pvt., 331st Battalion Tank Corps.
Ball, Joseph B.— Pvt., Band, 55th Infantry.
Ball, Joseph G.— Pvt., Headquarters Troop, 77th Div.
Ball, William— Pvt., Co. H, 306th Infantry.
Ballard, Royal F. — Corp., Co. A, Motor Trans. Corps.
Balling, Frank— Pvt., Co. A, 302d Engineers.
Balling, Joseph P.— Corp., Co. M, 311th Infantry WA
November 11, 1918.
Awarded D. S. C. and Congressional Medal.
Balling, Lawrence — Pvt., Quartermaster Corps.
Ballou, Ashby— Pvt., Co. D, 420th Field Signal Bat.
Balthaser, Francis L.— Corp., S. A. T. C.
Baltes, Wilbur — Pvt., Students' Army Training Corps.
Baltus, Christian J.— Pvt., Co. D, 58th Am. Train.
Baetz, Harold R. — Corp., 214th Aero Squadron.
Balzamski, V. F.— Pvt. WA.
Balzonoski, Bronislaus F. — Pvt., Co. H, 16th Infantry.
WA July 18, 1918.
Bambam, Carl H. — Battalion Sgt.-Maj., War Risk In-
surance Bureau.
Bame, Alfred C. — Lieut., Aviation.
Bame, Lynn H. — Pvt., Colored Officers' Training Corps
21st Battalion.
Bomm, Eugene M. — Corp., Officers' Training School.
Banas, Albert.
Banasiak, Felix M.— Cook, Co. D, 309th Infantry.
Bandall, Gordan— Pvt., Co. F, 5th Field Artillery.
Banfield, .Jesse W.— Bugler, Co. H, 309th Infantry.
Banks, Albert J.— Corp., S. A. T. C.
Banks, Grover C. — Pvt., Camp Meade.
Bannister, Chester B.— Pvt., Battery B, 60th F. A.
Bannister, Wm. M. — Sgt., 317th Trench Mortar Bat.
BanghafT, Fred— Pvt., 13th Radio Service.
Bannigan, Thomas J.— Corp., 332d G. and F.
Barber, Jacob — Corp., Co. G, 61st Infantry.
Barber, Floyd F.— Sgt., Co. 15, 4th Regiment.
Barbera, Vincent — Pvt., Co. 33, 153d Depot Brigade.
Barberie, Anthony V. — Chauffeur, Headquarters, 3d
Motor Corps.
Barczak, Michael— Pvt., 78th Div. Rail Head Supply.
Barczykowski, Raymond — Wagoner, Supply Co., 306th
Infantry.
Barczykowski, Joseph — 13th Coast Artillery Corps.
512
Buffalo's Part in the World War
Barenthaler, John E.— Pvt., Co. A, 345th Infantry.
Barenthaler, Peter H., .Jr.— Sgt., Co. E, 303(i Engineers.
Barker, George Albert— Sgt. WA October 9, 1918.
Barker, Henry H.— Pvt., Co. D, 302d Engineers.
Barmasse, Peter — Pvt., Co. C, 38th Engineers.
Bargnese, Domizio — Pvt., Co. 31, 153d Depot Brigade.
Barnes, Allen— Pvt. WA.
Barnes, David L. — Pvt., Headquarters, 308th Infantry.
Barnes, Earl— Pvt., Co. B, 311th Infantry. WA Sep-
tember 20, 1918.
Barnes, Gerald T. H. — Trooper, Canadian Mounted
Rifles. WA December 27, 1916; September 27, 1918.
Barnett, James A. — 1st Sgt.
Barnhardt, Edward J.— Pvt., Co. L, 311th Infantry.
WA October 28, 1918.
Barnum, Harold L.— Pvt., 331st Infantry.
Barnwell, Albert E.— Sgt., 426th Motor Supply Train.
Barogiewicz, Theodore L. — Pvt. WA.
Barone, Anthony L. — Lieut., Med. Corps, 147th Inf.
Barone, Charles J. — Lieut., Camp Gordon.
Barone, Dominick R. — Pvt. WA.
Barone, George L.— Pvt., S. A. T. C.
Barone, Peter J. — Lieut., Sanitary Train, Field Hos-
pital 317.
Baroe, Richard P.— Lieut., Co. B, 342d Field Artillery.
Barr, Chas. A.— Sgt. WA.
Barr, Culver A.— Pvt., Medical, 302d Am. Train.
Barr, William D. — Pvt., Co. 8, November Automatic
Replacement Draft, Tank Corps.
Barresco, M. G.— Pvt. WA.
Barrett, Edward F.— Pvt., 198th Aero Squadron.
Barrett, Edward J. — 2d Lieut., Machine Gun Compay,
355th Infantry.
Barrett, Wm. E. — 2d Lieut., Field Artillery, Observa-
tion Balloon.
Barrett, Wm. J.— Pvt., Co. D, 302d Engineers.
Barron, John A.— Pvt., Battery C, 10th Field Artillery.
Barrett, Henry M. — Sgt.
Barrett, Charles E. — Capt., Motor Transport Corps.
Barrett, Lindley T. — Lieut.
Barrett, Joseph R. — Pvt., 303d Engineers.
Barrett, William E. — Sgt., Quartermaster Corps.
Barrett, Rayinond M. — Sgt., Co. D, 302d Engineers.
Barron, Earl — Lieut., Co. I, 55th Pioneers.
Barry, Edward J. — Wagoner, Co. B,
Barry, Frank D.— Sgt.
Barry, Leonard B. — Guard, Base Hospital.
Barry, Stephen V.— Pvt., Co. C, 348th Machine Gun
Battalion.
Bartczak, John — Pvt., Co. D, 303d Ammunition Train.
Bartells, George E.— Sgt., 807th Stevedore Regiment.
Barteszewicz, Michael — Pvt. WA.
Barth, Charles F. — Lieut., 5th Pioneers.
Barth, Charles N.— Pvt., Battery C, 13th F. A.
Barth, Edgar J.— Sgt., Co. 27, Motor Transport Corps.
Barth, Charles— Pvt., Co. C, 67th Tank Corps.
Barth, Joseph A. — Pvt., 153d Depot Brigade.
Barthelemy, Frank A. — Pvt., 5th Service Co., Signal
Corps.
Barthelemy, Louis A. — Pvt., 348th Infantry.
Bartholemew, Frank D. — Sgt., Ambulance Corps.
Bartlett, Edward R.— Capt., Headq'rs Co., 308th Inf.
Bartlett, Evans E. — Lieut., Ordnance Service.
Bartlett, Lawrence M. — Capt., Gas Oflicer.
Bartlett, Monell F.— Corp., 328th Tank Corps.
Barton, Stephen— Pvt., Co. B, 102d Field Signal Bat'n.
Bartoszewski, Benedict— Pvt., Co. D, 309th Infantry.
Bartz, Ernest H.— Pvt., 502d Engineers.
Bartz, Willard A.— Pvt. WA.
Barush, Frank — Wagoner, Supply Co., 348th Infantry.
Baschnagel, Fred J.— Pvt., Co. E, 306th Infantry.
Baske, William— Pvt., Headquarters Co., 306th Inf.
Basekowski, Anthony — Pvt., Co. A, 302d Engineers.
Basher, George W. — Pvt.
Bassett, John W. — Corp., Co. A, 1st Chemical Research
Warfare Regiment. WG October, 1918.
Bassett, Charles K. — 1st Lieut., Engineering Staff,
Ordnance Department.
Bastedo, John— Pvt., Co. C, 302d Engineers.
Basztura, Maximilion — Pvt., Co. 1, 2d Regiment, Po-
lish Army.
Baszcynski, John — Pvt., Co. A, 302d Engineers.
Baszynski, Peter F.— Pvt. WA.
Bateman, Henry O. — Corp., Headq'rs Co., 307th Inf.
D. S. C. for volunteering to bring in a wounded comrade under
fire Nov. 4, 1918, at St. Pierremont.
Bater, Leon — Pvt., 21st Infantry.
Bates, Alfred S.— Sgt., Co. D, 102d Engineers. WG
October 12, 1918.
Bates, Frank E. — Mounted Orderly.
Bates, William H.— Pvt., 337th Battalion, Tank Corps.
Bates, William H.— Pvt., Co. B, 37th Engineers.
Batt, George W. — Capt., Medical Reserve.
Batt, Leo C— Lieut., 117th Inf. WG Sept. 29, 1918.
Battaglia, Cosimo A. — Pvt., Base Hospital 5.
Battaglia, Charles— Pvt., 307th Infantry.
Battaglia, Frank B.— Bugler, Co. 20, 152d Depot Brig.
Battels, James J. — Pvt., Co. B, 11 1th Engineers.
Battin, Joseph V.— Corp., 308th Infantry.
Battle, Johnny— Pvt. WA.
Bauer, Arthur G.— Pvt., Co. A, 342d Bat., Tank Corps.
Bauer, Clarence L. — Pvt., Headq'rs Co., 309th Inf.
Bauer, Fred — Pvt., 342d Squadron Field Remount.
Bauer, Lawrence C — Pvt., 638th Aero Squadron.
Bauer, Edward L.— Pvt., Co. C, 302d Engineers.
Bauer, Frank P. — Pvt., Co. F, 303d Engineers.
Bauer, Joseph — Pvt., Battery D, 71st Field Artillery.
Bauer, George L.— Pvt., Co. C, 336th Machine Gun
Battalion.
Bauer, John P. — Pvt., Co. F, First Army Replacement
Depot.
Bauer, Frank— Pvt., Co. E, 61st Infantry. WA.
Bauer, Louis— Pvt., Co. B, 306th Infantry.
Bauer, Thomas G.— Pvt., S. A. T. C.
Bauer, Wm. J.— Pvt., Battery C, 335th F. A.
Bauerlein, Anthony J. — Musician, Headq'rs, 309th Inf.
Bauerlein, John M. — Sgt., Signal Corps.
Bauerlein, Joseph C. — Corp., Aberdeen Provisional
Guards.
Bauernfeind, Robert — 311th Ambulance Co.
Baughman, Frank R. — Pvt., Co. A, 32d Division,
American Military Police.
U. S. Army
513
Baum, Chester P.— Pvt., Co. D, 422d Field Signal
Battalion.
Baum, Ernest M.— Sgt., Co. H, S. A. T. C.
Baunian. Walter A. — Pvt., Headquarters, 327th Inf.
Bauman, Clarence W. — Wagoner, Supply Co., 53d
Pioneer Infantry.
Baumann, Carl J.— Pvt., Battery A, 335th F. A.
Baumann, Joseph H. — Pvt., Headquarters, 346th Inf.
Baumann, -Joseph J. — Sgt., Supply Co., 335th Infantry.
Baumann, Jacob G. — F Squadron, Air Service.
Baumgart, August — Co. G, 348th Infantry.
Baumgart, Carl~Pvt., Co. G, 348th Infantry.
Baumgart, George — 475th Motor Truck Co.
Baumgart, William — Pvt., Quartermaster Corps.
Baumgartner, Louis H. — Corp., Battery C, 32d Artil-
lery, 4th Platoon.
Baumgartner, Albert B. — Co. D, 302d Engineers.
Baumler. Benjamin — Pvt., Co. A, 237th Infantry.
Baumler, Wm. H. — Bugler, 12th Battalion.
Baxter, Robert R. — Pvt., 45th Medical Department.
Bayer, Albert— Co. C, 209th Signal Corps.
Bayer, Henry — Pvt., Co. C, 61st Engineers.
Bayer, Wm. R. — Ist-class Pvt., Quartermaster Corps.
Bayuse, Joseph — Rifle Range Force.
Bayliss, Ralph J.— Pvt., Co. A, 37th Coast Art. Corps.
Baynes, Carlton L. — Sgt., 825th Aero Squadron.
Baynes, Charles M.— Pvt. WA.
Bayuse, George — 111th Tank Corps.
Bazmierski, Leonard — Pvt., Co. B, 303d Engineers.
Bazutka, George A. — Corp. WA.
Beach, Irving T. — Pvt., Coast Artillery Corps.
Beach, Leo A.— Sgt., 326th Battalion, Tank Corps.
Beach, Wladyslaw— Pvt., Co. C, Battalion B.
Beals, Horace E. — Pvt., Unattached.
Beam, William H.— Pvt., Co. D, 14th First Army Re-
placement Depot.
Bean, Clarence S. — Wagoner, Supply Co., 327th Inf.
Bear, Abraham — Ist-class Pvt., Headquarters, Ma-
chine Gun Transport Corps.
Bear, Samuel — Pvt., Jewish Legion.
Beard, Norman — Pvt., Co. B, 1st Devp. Battalion.
Beauchamp, George R.— Sgt., S. A. T. C.
Beaver, Walter C. — 2d Lieut., 13th Cavalry.
Bebee, Edwin L. — Maj., 55th Pioneers.
Bechner, George C. — Pvt.
Bechtold. Arthur F.— Pvt., Co. D, 302d Engineers. WA
September 21, 1918.
Beck, Elmer C. — Sgt., Headquarters, Machine Gun
Transport Corps.
Beck, Elmer J. — 6th Regiment.
Beck, Joseph P.— Cook, M. T. D., Machine Gun
Transport Corps.
Becker, Francis R.— Pvt., Co. H, 306th Infantry.
Becker, Frank L. — Sgt., Provost Guards.
Becker, Fred — Pvt., Medical Department.
Becker, Harry C. — Ward Master, General Hospital 5.
Becker, Henry— Pvt., Co. M, 345th Infantry.
Becker, Henry J. — Pvt., Co. C, 303d Ammunition Tr'n.
Becker, John W.— Pvt., Co. F, 306th Infantry. WG.
■Becker, Joseph W.— Sgt., Co. C, 308th Machine Gun
Battalion.
Becker, Philip— Pvt., Co. K, 148th Infantry. WA
September 29, 1918.
Becker, William H. — Pvt., Co. A, 65th Engineers.
Becker, Frank— Co. L, 306th Infantry.
Becker, Samuel — Pvt., Co. 4, Aviation Medical Corps.
Becker, Earl J.— Sgt., Supply Co., 60th Pioneer Inf.
Becker, Charles W.— Ist-class Sgt., Co. G, 29th Eng.
Beckley, Albert J. — Corp., Co. 4, 2d M.M., Aviation.
Beckley, William J.— 1st Lieut., Co. A, 305th Battalion,
Tank Corps.
Beebe, Harry C— Sgt., Supply Co., 327th Infantry.
Bednarz, Joseph F. — Pvt., Headquarters, 311th Inf.
Bednarek, Walter — Pvt., Headquarters, 346th Infantry.
Beecher, Edward L. — Corp., Pigeon Serv. Signal Corps.
Beecher, Michael J. — Pvt., Co. D, 7th Infantry. W
Shell Shock August 16. 1918.
Beer, J. Howard— Corp., Co. G, 348th Infantry.
Beer, Raymond H.— Sgt., Co. C, 302d Engineers.
Beer, Frederick A. — 348th Ambulance Corps.
Beger, Frank E.— Pvt., Co. M, 347th Infantry.
Beger, John J. — Pvt., Co. A, 26th Coast Artillery Corps.
Beggs, Alexander H. — Corp., Supply Co., 311th Inf.
BeMing, Ira L. — Pvt., 619th Aero Squadron.
Behrens, Charles H.— Pvt., Battery C, 104th F. A.
Behringer, Charles — Pvt., 23d Co., Canadian OtRcers'
Training School.
Beierl, Robt. F. — Corp., Students' Army Training Corps.
Beierlein, Otto F.— Pvt., Co. C, 302d Engineers.
Beilein, Anthony — Pvt. .Battery E, 35th Field Artillery.
Beilman, Walter G. — Instructor, M. Machine Gun Corps.
Beilman, Howard F. — Pvt., 7th Co., 2d Development
Brigade.
Beilman, Charles S. — 1st Lieut. ,Asst.Adjt., Camp Gordon
Beimler, Henry C. — Corp., Headquarters, 328th Inf.
Beimler, John N. — Cook, 51st Balloon Company.
Beitz, Frederick W.— Pvt., Co. B, Machine Gun Batt'n.
Beiser, Frederick E. — Ist-class Pvt., Ordnance Depot.
Beitz, Frank- Pvt., 78th Division. WA.
Belert, Clifford L.— Pvt., 311th Field Hospital.
Bell, Albert F.— Pvt., Ordnance Depot.
Bell, Chester G.— Sgt., Co. C, Section B.
Bell, Edward— Pvt., 7th Co., 2d Battalion.
Bell, Frederick A.— 1st Sgt., Co. B, 14th Replacement
Battalion.
Bell, Homer G.— 2d Lieut., Am. Red Cross.
Bell, .John A. — Sgt., Headq'rs, Quartermaster Corps.
Bell, Leon L.— Pvt., Co. C, 307th Infantry. WG.
Bell, Wm. H.— 1st Sgt., U. S. Coast Guards.
Bell, William P.— Pvt., Headquarters, 347th Infantry.
Belliotti, .Joseph L. — 1st Lieut., Base Hosp. Med. Corps.
Bellomastro, Frank — Pvt. WA.
Bellony, Alexander M. — Capt., War Department,
Chief of Engineers.
Belzer, Lester J.— Pvt., Base Hospital 23.
Belzer, Elmer J. — Pvt., Quartermaster Corps.
Belzer, Melvin — 1st Lieut., Base Hospital 67.
Bensch, Raymond S.— 2d Lieut., Co. C, 12th Machine
Gun Officers' Training Corps.
Bender, Daniel W.— Pvt., Co. B, 306th Infantry. WS
September 7, 1918.
Bender, William F. — Sgt., Quartermaster Corps.
514
Buffalo's Part in the World War
Benedict, A. L. — Capt., Medical Corps.
Benker, William— Pvt., 31st Co., 163d Depot Brigade.
Benkler, Andrew A. — Wagoner, Co. D, 302d Ammuni-
tion Train.
Benner, Floyd E. — Corp., Headquarters, 78th Division.
Bennett, Fred~Pvt., Co. A, 304th Machine Gun Batt'n.
Bennett, Herbert A. — Pvt., 101st Machine Gun School.
Bennett, Clayton G. — Pvt., 2d Provisional Company.
Bennett, A. Lawton— Corp., S. A. T. C.
Bennett, Everett W.— Sgt., Headquarters, 84th Inf.
Bennett, Harry V. — Pvt., Motor Corps.
Bennett, William S.— Co. A, S. A. T. C.
Bennighof, Fred H.— Pvt., 2d R. A. P.
Bennighof, Roy W.— Pvt., Troop M, 16th U. S. Cav.
Benning, Lawrence J. — Pvt., Co. D, 307th Infantry.
Berding, Kurt E.— Pvt., Co. A, 25th Infantry.
Bersching, Carl N. — Pvt., Section 1, Gas Service.
Benson, Myron O. — Pvt., Co. F, 59th Pioneers.
Benson, Lawrence J. — 2d Lieut., 377th Aero Squadron.
Bentkowski, Chester A.— Pvt., Co. I, 306th Infantry.
WG October 15, 1918.
Bentkowski, Brownie J. — Co. D, 220th Engineers.
Bentkowski, Walter— Co. H, 348th Infantry.
Bentkowski, Felix J.— Pvt., Co. A, 306th Machine Gun
Battalion. WG September 15, 1918.
Bently, Floyd G.— Pvt., Co. B, 303d Am. Train.
Benz, Albert F.— Pvt., Co. M, 3d Battalion.
Benz, Edward — Pvt., 22d Co., Military Police.
Benz, Lorenz A.— Pvt., Co. I, 306th Infantry. WA
November 3, 1918.
Benzer, Arthur H., Jr. — Ist-class Pvt., Surgeon Gen-
eral's office.
Benzin, J. Henry— Corp., Co. I, 306th Infantry.
Benzing, John M. — Pvt., Prisoner November 18, 1918.
Benzinger, Robert.
Benzinger, Wm. E.— Pvt., S. A. T. C.
Berberich, Norbert M —310th U. S. G. F.
Berent, George— Pvt., Co. C, 74th Infantry.
Berg, Charles E. — Sgt., 306th Ambulance Company.
Berg, Henry C— Pvt., Co. L, 59th Pioneers.
Berg, James P.— Pvt., Co. F, 20th Trench Mortar Bat.
Berg, John A. — Pvt., 2d Co., Quartermaster Corps.
Berger, Frank X.— Pvt., Battery B, 114th F. A.
Berger, George — Pvt., 23d Engineers.
Bergman, Frank S.— Pvt., Co. F, 118th Engineers.
Bergman, Brownie— Pvt., Co. D, Developm't Battalion.
Bergman, William— Pvt., Co. C, 307th Am. Train.
Bergquist, Edwin W.— Pvt., Battery A, 7th F. A.
Berk, Abraham D.— Pvt. WA.
Berkowska, Waclaw— Ist-dass Pvt., Co. K, 347th Inf.
Berlin, Francis F.— Pvt. WA.
Bermelen, William C— Co. A, 5th Trench Battalion,
Signal Corps.
Bermighof, Raymond M.— Pvt., Co. A, 146th Machine
Gun Battalion.
Berner, Charles— Co. B, 303d Ammunition Train.
Bernhard, Arthur— Pvt., Co. F, 52d Infantry.
Bernhard, Emil P.— Pvt. WA.
Bernhardt, Carl F.— Pvt. WA.
Bernhard, Frank 0.— Pvt., 10th Co., 156th Depot Brig.
Bernhardt, Frank — Corp. WA.
Berns, George W.— Pvt., Co. E, 334th Field Artillery.
Bernsdorf, Frank — Co. M, 331st Infantry.
Bernstein, Alex— Pvt., C. W. S. Gassed.
Bernstein, David L. — Pvt., 308th Ambulance Corps.
Bernstein, Joseph N. — Pvt., 311th Infantry. WA No-
vember 1, 1918.
Bertasino, Antonio — Pvt. WA.
Bertch, John S. — Sgt., 5th Balloon Company. WA
October 13, 1918.
Bertola, Cosimo— Pvt., Co. G, 345th Infantry.
Bertola, John — Medical Corps.
Bertrand, Earl M.— Pvt., 488th Aero Squadron.
Besch, Joseph A. — Corp., Co. B, 304th Machine Gun
Battalion.
Besck, Herman E. — Sgt., Co. H, 303d Engineers.
Besser, Fred K.— Bugler, Battery E, 35th F. A.
Besstak, Alois— Pvt., Co. E, 311th Infantry.
Besstak, Frank X.— Pvt., Co. C, 59th Pioneers.
Besstak, Andrew J. — Wagoner, Headquarters, 312th
Ammunition Train.
Best, Clyde C. — Base Hospital 70, Medical Corps.
Best, Harry C— Cook, Co. B, 311th Infantry.
Best, Walter K.— Corp. WA.
Bethmann, Albert F. — 15th Regiment, Air Service.
Bethune, Charles W. — Lieut., Medical Corps.
Betsch, Leo W.— Pvt., Co. B, 302d Engineers.
Betto, Carlton W. — Lieut., Signal Corps.
Betz, John J. — Pvt., Co. E, 104th Ammunition Train.
Betz, Peter H.— Pvt., Co. D, 318th Engineers.
Beuchot, Clement C. — 1st Lieut., Headquarters, 310th
Infantry.
Beveridge, Kenneth M. — 2d Lieut., 334th Aero Squad-
ron, Air Service.
Beveridge, Leslie M. — Pvt., 104th Ammunition Train.
Beveridge, Robert — Sgt., 320th Remt. Squadron.
Beveridge, Ross A.— Corp., S. A. T. C.
Beves, Joe— Pvt., 65th Co., 155th Depot Brigade.
Beyel, John W.— Pvt., Co. C, 336th Machine Gun Bat.
Beyer, Wm. E. — Pvt., Ordnance Department.
Bialskoz, Albert H.— Pvt., Battery D, 335th F. A.
Bebby, William A. — Pvt., Headquarters, 311th Infan-
try. WA October 28, 1918.
Biak, Wm.— Pvt., Co. B, 311th Infantry. Prisoner.
Biber, William L. — Lieut., 414th Motor Transport
Corps.
Bick, Frank J.— Pvt., Co. B, 48th Battalion.
Bickel, Albert G.— Sgt., Headquarters, 319th Eng.
Bickel, Carl B.— Pvt., 3d E. O. S. S.
Bichel, Joseph J.— Corp., Co. C, 309th Infantry. WA
September 30, 1918, France.
Bickelman, Albert G. — Pvt., Co. A, 7th Regiment.
Bickelman, George — Pvt. WA.
Bickelman, John E. — Corp., Ordnance Corps.
Biden, John D. — Pvt., 54th Coast Artillery Corps.
Biechowiak, Frank J. — Corp. WA.
Biegapka, Frank— Pvt., Supply Co., 36th F. A.
Bieger, Felix— 10th Tr. Battalion.
Bieger, Frank — Pvt. WA.
Bissinger, Frederick — Pvt., 20th Canadian Battalion.
Gassed August 30, 1918.
Enlisted when 15 years of age. Taken prisoner by Germans after
lying for several days on the field.
U. S. Army
515
Bielanin, Jack A. — Pvt., Machine Gun, 1st Infantry.
Bielinski, Alexander — Pvt., 307th Infantry.
Bierbaum, Robert A.— Pvt., Co. D, 302d Engineers.
WS and Gassed.
Bierma, Harvey E. — Lieut., Ordnance Department.
Bierma, Herbert W.— Pvt., Co. C, 336th Machine Gun
Battahon.
Biernacki, Stanley — Pvt., Medical Department. WA
November 5, 1918.
Biera, Frederick J.— Pvt., Co. G, 320th Infantry.
Bies, Wm. G.— Pvt., Photo Section 53.
Bieth, Julius N.— Pvt., Co. B, 60th Battalion.
Bifulco, Dominick T.— Pvt., Co. K, 307th Infantry.
Bigelow, A. R. — Lieut., Medical Department.
Bigelow, Chas. C. — Corp., Medical Corps.
Bigerow, Chauncey A. — Pvt., Co. A, 327th Infantry.
Bigosinski, Ignatius M.— Pvt., 20th Co., 1st Office Regt.
Bihr, Joseph — Corp., Co. B, 1st Battalion Engineers.
Bilitzki, John— Sgt. WA.
Bilskey, Joseph J.— Pvt., 307th Field Hospital.
Binga, Daniel J. — Pvt.
Binga, Stephen V. — Pvt.
Bingel, Frank A. — Pvt., Replacement Unit.
Bingham, Alfred H. — Sgt.-Maj., 356th Aero Squadron.
Biniolas, Manuel S. — Pvt., 3d Infantry.
Binkert, Albert E.— Pvt., Co. H, 21st Engineers.
Binkert, George J.— Pvt., Co. C, 307th Infantry. WG
September 9, 1918.
Binkert, George — Mech. WA.
Binzee, Arthur C, Jr. — Ist-class Pvt., Surgeon Gen-
eral's Office.
Bircholdt, William H.~Pvt., 302d Field Signal Batt'n.
Bird, Cyrus R. — Maj., School of Fire, Field Artillery.
Bird, Frederick H. — 1st Lieut., Ordnance Department.
Bird, Frank B.— 1st Lieut., 308th Machine Gun Batt'n.
Birk, William— Pvt., Co. B, 311th Infantry. Prisoner.
Birkman, George C. — Corp., Headq'rs, 306th Tank Bat.
Birmingham, William A. — Battalion Sgt.-Maj., 7th In-
fantry. WG October 10, 1918.
Birtch, Joseph T.— Pvt., 22d Co., 20th Engineers.
Birtch, Paul J.— 1st Sgt., 10th Depot Brigade.
Bischenella, Michele — Pvt., Canadian Officers' Train-
ing School.
Bishop, George R.— Sgt., 107th Co., Transport Corps.
Bishop, Edward — Pvt. .Students' Army Training Corps.
Bishop, George R.— Pvt., Co. E, 19th Reg., Tank Corps.
Bishop, John L.— Pvt., Battery C, 11th F. A.
Bishop, Peter—Cook. WA.
Bishop, Roy M. — Pvt., 11th Road Company.
Bissell, Lloyd — Capt., 5th Corps, Artillery Park.
Bitterman, Lawrence — Pvt., 12th Battalion, Depot Co.
Bixby, Bert J. — Capt., Medical Corps.
Bjork, Ernest A.— Sgt., 311th Infantry.
Blachowski, John— Cook, Co. F, 306th Infantry. WG.
Blachowski, Julius J. — Pvt., Co. A, 104th Infantry.
Black, Edwin S. — 1st Sgt., 273d Aero Squadron.
Blackmer, Horace B. — 1st Sgt., Co. L, 52d Pioneer Inf.
Blackmon, P. C. — Sgt., Columbus Barracks.
Blair, Alexander J.— Pvt., Co. G, 346th Infantry.
Blair, Charles— Sgt., Co. C, 326th Infantry. WA
October 15, 1918.
Blair, James— Pvt., Co. B, 311th Infantry.
Blair, Richard, Jr. — Pvt., Ordnance Department.
Blais, Arthur R.— Pvt., Co. H, 307th Infantry. Injured.
Blake, Robert— Corp., Headquarters, 7th Army Corps.
Blakslee, Robert P. — Corp., Co. D, 51st Pioneers.
Blanchard, William H. — Bugler. WA.
Blandford, Milton H. — Pvt., 3d Battalion, Commis-
sioned Officers' Training School.
Blaney, William R. — Pvt., Headquarters, 37th Eng.
Blank, Harry F.— Pvt., Co. B, 311th Infantry.
Bias, Frank — Pvt., Chemical Warfare Service.
Blasdale, R.— Pvt., 5th R. F.
Blase, Charles— Pvt., Co. M, 153d Depot Brigade.
Blase, Oscar M. — Sgt., Headquarters, 2d Provisional
Brigade.
Blaszak, Joe — Pvt., 11th Co., Quartermaster Corps.
Blaszak, Louis— Pvt., Co. K, 306th Inf. WA twice.
Blazek, Constantine — Pvt., Co E, 35th Infantry.
Blaszkiewicz, Bronislaw — Pvt. WA.
Blatner, J. Leo — Pvt., Headquarters, 302d Engineers.
Blatner, Wm.— Pvt. WA September 20, 1918.
Blaufuss, Chester A — Pvt., Co A, 54th Engineers.
Bleichfeld, Julius— Pvt., Battery F, 34th F. A.
Bleichfeld, Solomon— Sgt., Co. A, 69th Field Artillery.
Bleimeister, Eugene R. — Pvt., 10th Co., Air Service.
Blendowski, Theodore — Pvt., Co. A, 303d Ammunition
Bleyle, Harold— Pvt., Co. C, 1st Battalion.
Bleyle, Norman A. — Pvt., Remount Depot.
Bliemeister, Charles— Pvt., Co. A, 312th Supply Train.
Block, Adrian — 2d Lieut., Air Service.
Block, Frederick C. — Pvt., Quartermaster Corps.
Bloeth, Frank— Pvt., Co. C, 148th Infantry.
Blosham, Norman B. — Pvt., 35th Engineers.
Blottner, William— Co. D, 307th Infantry. WA Sep-
tember 24, 1918.
Bieiler, Raymon — Pvt , Quartermaster Corps.
Bleustein, Louis R — Base Hospital 23.
Blendowski, Theodore— Pvt., Co. A, 303 Am. Train.
Bleyle, Charles— 1st Sgt., 202d Co., Prisoner of War
Escort.
Bliemeister, Richard— Pvt., Co. C, 347th Infantry.
Blimm, Ben C— Wagoner, 1st Battalion, 302d Eng.
Block, Edgar H.— Capt., Co. K, 309th Infantry. WA.
Block, Edward J.— Pvt., 6th Co., H. M. O. R. S.
Block, John W.— Sgt., Co. B, 309th Infantry.
Bloeth, Frank— Pvt., Co. C, 148th Infantry.
Blow, Walter H.— Corp., Co. C, 6th Bat., Signal Corps.
Bluestein, Louis R. — Corp., Base Hospital 23.
Bluestein, Harry C. — Ist-class Pvt., 78th Division,
American Truck Company, 303d Ammunition Train.
Blum, Albert W. — Pvt., Watervliet Arsenal.
Blumenstein, Christian— Pvt., Co. C, 307th Infantry.
Blumenstein, George E.— Pvt., Co. C, 307th Infantry.
Blumme, Leo G.— Pvt.. Battery A, 26th Field Artillery.
Blundy, Joseph R.— Sgt., Machine Gun Co., 309th Inf.
Boardman, Frederick D.— Pvt., Co. E, 136th Infantry.
Boberck, Michael— Pvt., Co. E, 306th Infantry.
Boberck, John— Corp., Co. H, 327th Infantry. WA
July 17, 1918.
Bochichio, Joseph — Pvt., Coast Artillery Corps.
Bock, Edward C. — Observer, Radio Station.
516
Buffalo's Part in the World War
Bock, Henry E. — Corp., Quartermaster Corps, 1st
Army Depot Division.
Bock, Walter J.— Pvt., 437th Engineers.
Bocks, Andrew J.— Sgt. WA.
Bockstahler, Henry W. — 12th Ammunition Train.
Bodkin, Michael P.— Pvt., Co. D, 324th Infantry.
Boeck, Ellsworth R. — Pvt., Quartermaster Corps.
Boehler, Louis— Pvt., Co. D, 311th Infantry. WA
September 28, 1918.
Boehmke, John F. — Headquarters, 7th Army Corps.
Boehringer, Clarence C. — Corp., Co. F, 312th Motor
Supply Train.
Boelmke, Charles E.— Pvt., Co. H, 345th Infantry.
Boesl, Jacob — Headquarters, Camp Eustis.
Boettcher, Edward J.— Pvt., 41st Co., 153d D. B.
Bogan, William J. — Ist-class Pvt., Quartermaster, 302d
Engineers.
Bogard, Harry.
Bogart, Zeno E.— Pvt., Co. L, 19th Infantry.
Bogacka, Francis — Pvt., Artillery
Bogacka, Edward — Pvt., Infantry.
Bogacka, Albert — Pvt., Medical Corps.
Boge, Henry— Pvt., G.R.S. 315.
Bogel, Frank P. — Sgt., Co. C, 3d Anti-Aircraft Machine
Gun Battalion.
Bogucki, Stanley— Pvt., Co. B, 311th Infantry. WA
September 18, 1918.
Bohen, James V.— Pvt., Co. G, 311th Infantry.
Bohen, John— Pvt., Co. F, 346th Infantry.
Bohn, George — Pvt., 327th Motor Truck Company.
Boinska, Stanley— Pvt., Co. D, 347th Infantry. WA
September 7, 1918.
Bojanowska, Peter P.— Co. A, 164th.
Bojanowski, John — 7th Tr. Battalion.
Boje, Frederick W.— Pvt., Medical, 312th Am. Train.
Boje, Gustav A. — Ist-class Pvt., Co. F, 52d Pioneer
Infantry.
Bokaczewski, Joseph — Pvt. WA.
Poland, Daniel C— Pvt., Base Hospital 23.
Boland, David W.— Pvt. WA.
Boland, Dennis L. — Sgt., Quartermaster Corps.
Boland, Edward R. — Master Electrician, 37th Balloon
Company.
Boland, James A. — Pvt., Mobile Hospital Unit 100.
Boland, John J. — Corp., Co. I, 307th Infantry.
Boland, Raymond L. — Ist-class Pvt., Section 2, Mobile
Operating Unit 1.
Boland, William J. — Students' Army Training Corps.
Boldt, John— Pvt., Supply Co., 311th Infantry.
Boldue, Alcide— Corp., 18th Co., 152d Depot Brigade.
Boiler, George E. — Mechanic, 16th Co., 3d Air Service.
Boldt, John — Wagoner, Co. B, 302d Engineers.
Bolton, John — 1st Lieut., Headquarters, 3d ArmyCorps.
Boiler, William A. — Sgt., Bakery, 305th Quartermaster
Corps.
Boltz, Jacob J.— Pvt., Co. I, 35th Engineers.
Bolyard, Wesley C, Jr.— Co. H, 306th Infantry. WA
October 13, 1918.
Bomissuto, Samuel — Co. B.
Bomm, Harvey M. — Corp., 804th Motor Transport Co.
Bompezyk, Frank — Pvt. WA.
Bona, Joe — Pvt., 5th Co., 153d Depot Brigade.
Bonafede, Salvatore — Pvt.
Boncordi, Salvadore — Pvt. WA.
Bond,LouisH. — 2dLieut., Coast Artillery (LTnattached.)
Bondeur, C— Pvt., Co. E, 347th Infantry.
Boneberg, Milton F. — Pvt., Headquarters, 11th F. A.
Boneberg— Co. E, 334th Field Artillery.
Boneo, Joseph — Pvt., 153d Depot Brigade.
Boner, William C— Pvt., 13th Co., Military Police.
W September 1918.
Boner, Charles C— Pvt., Co. K, 21st Engineers. W
October 1918.
Bonfiglio, Angelo — Pvt., 14th Co., Depot Brigade,
Camp Wheeler.
Boniak, Frank — Corp., Co. F, 302d Engineers.
Bonne, Joseph — Pvt., Co. K, 7th Infantry. W Octo-
ber 20, 1918, Argonne Forest.
Bonnes, Frank— Pvt., Co. D, 347th Infantry.
Bonsteel, Floyd J.— Pvt., Co. I, 353d Infantry.
Bontezyk, Frank— Pvt. WA.
Bonwhuis, Joseph A. — Pvt.
Boore, Charles H.— Pvt., Co. F, 12th Battalion.
Boos, Albert — Corp., Mechanic, Air Service.
Booth, Earl R. — Pvt., Mechanical Detachment.
Booth, Donald S. — Corp., 5th Mach. Gun Train. Camp.
Bopkowski, Waclaw — Pvt. WA.
Boracsewski, Joseph — Pvt. WA.
Borchard, Daniel A. — Ist-class Pvt., 214th Engineers.
Borelli, Peter— Pvt. WA.
Borg, Benjamin — Pvt., Co. E, 311th Infantry.
Bork, Milton E. — 1st Lieut., Medical Corps, Camp
Jackson.
Borkowicz, J. F. — Headquarters Troop, East, Va.
Borkowski, Adam A. — Pvt., Headquarters, 348th Inf.
Borkowski, James — 11th Infantry.
Borkowski, Stephan — Pvt. M February.
Borkowski, Waclaw — Pvt., Co. A, 308th Machine Gun
Battalion. W October 18, 1918.
Borman, William F.— Sgt., 310th Co., Motor Supply
Train Unit.
Borowiak, Casmer — Pvt., Co. B, Base Hospital 6.
Borowiak, Ignatius — Pvt., Co. C, 59th Pioneer.
Borowiec, Chester A. — Pvt., 99th Casualty Company.
Borowezyr, Michael — 346th Infantry.
Borowiak, Edward — Headquarters Supply Company.
Borow'iak, John — Co. M, 311th Infantry.
Borowski, Chester E.— Pvt. WA.
Borowski, Peter — Pvt., Field Hospital 327.
Borowski, Joseph— Pvt., Co. E, 16th Infantry. WA
April 29, 1918.
Borrasco, Gennaro — Mechanic. WA.
Borst, Albert H.— Pvt. WA.
Bosinski, William F. — Corp., 153d Depot Brigade.
Boston, Charles W.— Sgt., Co. G, 309th Infantry.
Boston, Elmer W.— Pvt., Camp McClellan.
Boston, Norman H. — Pvt., Coast Artillery.
Boswell, Lambert F.— Pvt., Base Hospital 23.
Bosworth, Henry B. — 2d Lieut., 30th Co., Commis-
sioned Officers' Training School.
Bosz, Fred— Wagoner, Co. H, 306th Infantry. WA
November 7. 1918.
U. S. Army
517
Boszynski, Peter F.— Pvt. WA.
Both, Edwin C— Pvt., Medical, 311th Infantry.
Both, Harry O.— Co. G, 348th Infantry.
Botke, Peter— Pvt., Co. A, 346th Infantry. WA.
Bouman, William J.— Pvt., Co. A, 304th Machine Gun
Battalion.
Bourne, Frank M.--Corp., Co. K, 306th Infantry. W
August 23, 1918.
Bourne, Ronald B.— Pvt., Co. E, 413th Field Signal
Battalion, Signal Corps.
Bovi, Nicholas— Pvt., Co. I, 347th Infantry.
Bowe, Charles H. — Pvt., Co. A, 1st Gas Regiment.
WG November 5, 1918.
Bowen, Carl C— Pvt., Co. A, 38th Engineers.
Bowen, Ernest L. — 6th Balloon Company.
Bowen, Paul J. — Pvt., Headquarters, 27th Division.
Bowen, Percy L. — Pvt., Quartermaster Corps.
Bower, Julius J. — Pvt., Co. C, 302d Engineers.
Bower, Robert .J.— Corp., S. A. T. C.
Bowers, Frank E. — Pvt., Tank Corps.
Bowers, Raymond T. — Sgt., 17th Battalion Camp Dix.
Bowez, William C— Pvt. WA.
Bowez, Gordon R.— Pvt. WA.
Bowman, Arthur— Pvt., 302d M.R.S.
Bowman, Chas. J. — Corp., Bordeaux Emb. Camp.
Bowman, George C. — Colonel, General Headquarters,
American Expeditionary Force.
Boyd, Harold E.— Sgt., 35th Co., Commissioned Offi-
cers Training Camp.
Boyd, Donald W.— Sgt., Co. H, 309th Infantry.
Boyd, Robert — Pvt., Co. D, Headquarters.
Boye, Fred F.— Pvt., Co. I, 1st Battalion.
Boyle, Charles F. — Sgt., 31st Balloon Company.
Boyle, Edward H.— Pvt., Co. B, 311th Infantry.
Boyle, Gerald — Lieut., Aviation.
Boyle, Howard A. — Lieut., British Royal Air Force.
WA July, 1918.
Boyle, James J. — 153d Depot Brigade.
Boyle, Raymond T.— Corp., 9th Co., 2d Reg't, A. S. M.
Boyle, James P. — 176th Battalion, Niagara Rangers.
Boyle, Frederick M. — Capt., Medical Corps.
Boyle, Joseph V. — Ist-class Pvt., Field Artillery, Com-
missioned Officers Training School, 25th Battalion.
Braam, Robert E. — Pvt., Quartermaster Corps.
Brace, William H.— Corp., S. A. T. C.
Brach, George— Sgt., Co. G, 309th Infantry.
Braciak, Peter — Corp., Co. A, 307th Infantry.
Brachmann, Henry N. — Pvt.
Brachmann, Frank — Pvt., Casual.
Brachmann, Louis H. — Pvt.
Brader, Nicholas — Corp., Co. A, 38th Engineers.
Bradfield, Fred M.— Ist-elass Pvt., 307th Infantry.
Bradley, Francis J. — Lieut., Canadian Expeditionary
Force. WA September 26, 1918.
Bradley, .James L. — Pvt., Tank Corps.
Brady, Edward J. — Pvt., 304th Ammunition Train.
Brady. John J.— Pvt.
Brady, Joseph— Pvt., Co. A, 309th Infantry.
Brady, William J.— Pvt., 6th Co., 20th Engineers.
Brady, George — Ist-class Pvt., Co. I, 311th Infantry.
WG October 20, 1918.
Brady, John C. — 1st Lieut., Hospital Unit 24.
Brady, Joe— Pvt., 26th Co., 153d Depot Brigade.
Brammell, Fred A. — Sgt., Headquarters, 309th Infantry
Branch. Clifford E.— Capt., 2d A. A. Machine Gun Bat.
Brand, Clarence J. — Pvt., Co. B, Tank Corps.
Brand. Harrington — Pvt., Remount Depot.
Brand, John C. — Pvt., Provost Guard.
Brand, George W. — Corp., Quartermaster.
Brand, William E. — Sgt., Headquarters, 309th Infantry
Brand, William R.— Pvt., Co. B, 303d Military Police.
Brandel, Fred— Pvt., 315th Field Artillery.
Brandt, Carl H. — Regimental Sergeant Major, 312th
Ammunition Train.
Brandt, George — Mess Sgt., Medical Department.
Braner, George — Pvt., Co. L, 345th Infantry.
Brann, William G. — 2d Lieut., Headquarters, 17th Inf.
Branch, Frederick G. — Pvt., LTnited States Coast Guard
Brauch, John J.— Pvt., Battery E, 334th Field Artillery.
Brauer, E. Craig— Corp., Co. B, 309th Supply Train.
Braun, Elmer G.— Pvt., Battery E, 310th Field Artillery.
Braun. Gustav J. — Capt., 47th Infantry. WA July
28, 1918.
Awarded 1).S. C. for extraordinary heroism near Sergy, France.
Braun, Harvey G.— Cook, C. O. R. S., Camp Lee, Va.
Braun, F. J. — Sgt., 27th Division.
Braun, George A. — Pvt., Co. D, Adjutant General's
Department.
Braun, George F. — Pvt., Base Hospital Detachment.
Braun, William G. — Lieut., Headquarters, 17th Infantry.
Braumback, William — Pvt. W.
Bray, William — Pvt., 302d Engineers.
Brecht, Arnold W.— Pvt., Co. C, 307th Infantry. WG
September 15, 1918.
Brecht, Charles — Pvt., Headquarters, 163d Infantry.
WA October 18, 1918.
Bredemeier, Henry E. — Pvt., Headquarters, 307th Inf.
Breen, Arthur W. — Pvt., Central Record Office.
Breese, Harold G. — Sgt., Headquarters, 302d Engineers.
Breese, Howard J. — Pvt., Medical Corps.
Breidenstein, Leo W. — Co. L, 311th Infantry.
Breister, Stanley H.— Pvt., Battery A, 304th F. A.
Bremen, Frank W. — Pvt., Co. H, 51st Pioneers.
Bremer, George — Pvt., 312th Engineers.
Brennan, George A. — WA.
Brennan, Harold E. — Sapper, Co. E, 2d Canadian Eng.
Brennan, James E. — Pvt., Co. B, 69th Engineers.
Brennan, Joseph P. — Capt., Base Hospital 23.
Brennan, Peter — Pvt. WA.
Brenner, Roy J.— Pvt., Battery E, 58th Field Artillery.
Brereton, John— Pvt., 86th Machine Gun Bat. WG.
Bresnahan, William J. — Corp., Co. D, 302d Engineers.
Brett, Ralph U.— Sgt., Co. B, 307th Infantry.
Cited for Bravery.
Bricka, Charles L.— Capt., Co. B, 303d Military Police.
Bridgman, William — Sgt., Co. 11, 153d Depot Brigade.
Briggs, George W.— Pvt., 303d Engineers. WG Sep-
tember, 1918.
Briggs, Harold J. — Ist-class Pvt., Headquarters Co.,
336th Field Artillery.
Briggs, Lester M. — Sgt., 157th Depot Brigade.
Briggs, William Floyd— Pvt., Co. L, 309th Infantry.
518
Buffalo's Part in the World War
Brighan, Irving F. — Corp., 65th Aero Squadron.
Brigham, William H.— Pvt., Co. B, 68th Engineers.
Brindle. Arthur F.— Co. N, 15th G. M. I. C.
Briniolas, Manuel S. — 3d Infantry.
Brinkworth, James L. — Pvt.
Britt, Daniel B. — Pvt., Students 'Army Training Corps.
Britt, Leo J. — Pvt., 61st Machine Gun Company. WG
September 17, 1918.
Britt, Leon P. — Corp., Ordnance Department.
Bristol, J. G.— Pvt., Co. C, 303d Supply Train.
Brittin, Charles B.— Pvt., Co. K, 7th Infantry. WA
October 10, 1918.
Britton, Martin D.— Sgt., Battery D, 10th Regiment,
1st Army Replacement Depot.
Britz, Michael J. — Sgt., Medical Sup. Depot, 77th Div.
Britzie, John E. — Pvt., Overseas Casual 2.
Brockhurst, Charles G. — Corp., Co. B, 8th Infantry.
Brockhurst, Russell A. — Pvt , Coast Artillery Corps.
Brodie, James H. — Sgt., Photo section 3, Aero Squadron.
Bromley, John H. — 1st Sgt., 814th Aero Squadron.
Bronson, Frank J. — Pvt., Camp Wheeler.
Bronson, Howard J.— Sgt., Co. G, 309th Infantry.
Bronson, Eugene — Pvt.
Broomall, Sydney H. — Corp., 29th Service Company.
Brose, Paul M.— Pvt., Co. L, 306th Infantry. WA
September 12, 1918.
Brosman, Albert T. — Sgt. Maj., Headquarters, 153d
Depot Brigade.
Brothman, David— Pvt., Co. C, 346th Infantry.
Brotz, Henry — Pvt., 117th Transport Corps.
Broughton, Chester W. — Base Hospital Detachment.
Brown, Burt C— Pvt. WA.
Brown, Charles J.— Pvt., 12th Field Artillery.
Brown, Daniel W. — Pvt., Quartermaster Corps.
Brown, Edward — Pvt., 4th Co., 366th Infantry.
Brown, Everard F.— 2d Lieut., Co. G, 359th Infantry.
WA September 13, 1918.
Brown, Eli— Pvt., Battery F, 13th Field Artillery.
Brown, David — Bugler, Battery A, 337th Field Artillery
Brown, Foster K. — Pvt., Dental Service.
Brown, Francis V. — Pvt., Co. H, 21st Engineers.
Brown, Frank J. — Corp. WA.
Brown, George V.— Sgt., Battery A, 1 1th Field Artillery
Brown, George C— Sgt., Battery F, 7th Field Artillery.
Brown, Harold F.— Appr. H. A., S. A. T. C.
Brown, Harold C. — 2d Lieut., Bureau of Aircraft Prod.
Brown, Henry A. — Capt., Ordnance Department.
Brown, Harry H. — Cook, Headquarters, 117th Eng'rs.
Brown, Herbert P. — Lieut., Aviation Corps.
Brown, James A. — Ist-class Pvt., Co. A, 48th Infantry.
Brown, James H. — Pvt., Machine Gun Co., 312th Inf.
Brown, Jarvis — Sgt., Students' Army Training Corps.
Brown, Jerry S. — Master Electrician, 486th Aero Sqdn.
Brown, Joseph J. — Pvt., 345th Infantry.
Brown, Joseph — Pvt., Co. B, 345th Infantry.
Brown, James A. — Pvt., Co. A, 48th Battalion.
Brown, Joseph — Pvt., Prisoner.
Brown, Michael — Pvt., 1st Ammunition Train.
Brown, Norman H. — Pvt., 311th Infantry
Brown, Roy S. — Sgt., 36th Commissioned Officers
Training School.
Brown, Ralph A.— Pvt , Co. E, 311th Infantry.
Brown, Richard W. — Sniper, 75th Canadian. WA
January 1, 1917.
Brown, Thomas A. — Base Hospital, Camp Dix.
Brown, Thomas G. — Pvt.,Headq'rs, 3d Army Headq'rs.
Brown, Thomas J. — Pvt., Garage, 1st Inf. Replacement.
Brown, Walter R.— Capt., Co. B, 50th Engineers.
Brown, William — Pvt.
Brown, William L. — Pvt., 302d Engineers. WA Nov-
ember 11, 1918.
Brown. William T.— Pvt. WA.
Browne, Aloysius— Pvt., S. A. T. C.
Browning, Earl L. — Corp., Medical Research Lab.
Browning, Homer — 2d Lieut., 20th Co., Commissioned
Officers Training School.
Browning, Robert A. — 1st Lieut., Motor Trans. Corps.
Brownshidle, Harry D. — Pvt., 12th Co., Depot Brigade.
Brownshidle, Irwin — Sgt., Co. M, 311th Infantry.
Brownson, George A. — Pvt., 33d Division Trans. Corps.
Brownson, John W. — Pvt., 312th Ammunition Train.
Bruce, Frank R.— Sgt.
Bruce, Louis A. — Ist-class Pvt., 163d Air Squadron.
Bruce, Ralph E.— Pvt., 10th Batt., 153d Depot Brigade.
Bruckman, George T. — Pvt. WA.
Brueck, Charles G.— Corp., Co. D, 303d Engineers.
Brueckner, Albert A. — Corp., Aero Squadron.
Bruman, William F. — Pvt., Co. C, 43d Engineers.
Brumley, Ralph W.— Co. B, 301st Military Police.
Brunn, Albert— Pvt., Co. L, 309th Infantry.
Brun, Albert F.— Lieut., Co. G, 4th Infantry.
Brundage, Frank E. — 1st Lieut., Debarkation Hosp. 51.
Brundage, Walter L. — Troop F, 17th Cavalry.
Brunner, Edward J. — Pvt., 830th Aero Squadron.
Brunner, Fred— Pvt., Co. B, 87th Division Am. Train.
Brunner, Fred J. — Pvt., Co. L, 59th Pioneer Infantry.
Brunner, John — Pvt., 303d Ammunition Train.
Bruno, Anthony — Corp., Motor Truck Company 464.
Brunson, Fred A. — 35th Co., Medical Corps.
Brunswick, Grant — Pvt., Co. C, 55th Engineers.
Brunn. Walter F.— Pvt., Co. B, 329th Infantry.
Bruyere, Leo M.— Pvt., Co. H, 348th Infantry.
Bruzi, Stanislaus— Pvt., Co. B, 312th Supply Train.
Bryan, Henry — Pvt., Co. A, 71st Coast Artillery.
Bryant, Russell W. — Major, Air Service.
Brydalski, Joseph S. — Corp., 8th Co., 153d Infantry.
Brylinski, John S.— Pvt., Co. H, 345th Infantry.
Brylski, Leo H.— Pvt., Battery B, 336th Field Artillery.
Bryman, Moe J. — Pvt., 3d Co., Central Officers' Train-
ing School.
Bryman, Moses J. — Corp., Co. I, 347th Infantry.
Brzezicki, Sylvester— Pvt., Co. B, 38th Batt'n, W. S. G.
Brzezinski, John — Pvt. WA.
Brzezinski, Martin — Pvt., Co. K, 345th Infantry.
Brzezowski, Ignacy — Co. D, 168th Infantry.
Brzoskowski, Walter J. — Pvt., Co. E, 303d Engineers.
Btazyewski, Joseph— Pvt., Co. B, 814th Salvage Batt'n.
Buboltz, John A. — Sgt. Bugler, Headquarters, 309th
Infantry. WA November 3, 1918.
Buccella, Tony— Pvt., Co. B, 151st Depot Brigade.
Buchanan, George H. — Pvt., E, 336th Machine Gun Co.
Buchanan, L. M.— Pvt.. Battery B, 70th Field Artillery.
U. S. Army
519
Buchbinder, John — Pvt., 4th Air Park.
Buchenmaier, WilUam J. — 2d Co., 153d Depot Brigade.
Bucher, George H. — Wagoner, Supply Co., 309th Inf.
Buchert, Louis J. — Pvt., Headquarters.
Buchheit, Louis A. — Pvt., 307th Infantry. WA June
24, 1918.
Buchholz, Albert F.— Corp., 7th Co., 156th Depot Brig.
Buchholz, Frank— Pvt., Co. A, 13th F. A. R. 0.
Buchholz, George— Cook, Co. A, 13th F. A. R. O.
Buchland, John C— Pvt., Co. B, 347th Infantry.
Buchland, Edward L.— Pvt., 23d Battalion, 0. A. R. D.
Buchler, Edward— Pvt., 409th.
Buchmann, Joseph M.— Pvt., Battery A, 117th F. A.
Buchner, Frank A.— Pvt., Co. D, 3d Battalion.
Buchno, Benjamin — Pvt., Co. F, 4th Infantry. WA
July 19, 1918.
Bucholtz, Joseph — Pvt., Headquarters, 346th Infantry.
Bucki, John L.— N. C. M. H. 4.
Buckley, John J. — 1st Lieut., Headquarters, 345th Inf.
Buckley, John J.— Pvt., Co. G, 347th Infantry.
Buckley, Patrick H. J. — 1st Lieut., M. C. Evacuation
Hospital 58.
Buckley, LeoV. — Pvt. .Students' Army Training Corps.
Buckley, James J. — Corp., Headquarters, 52d F. A.
Buckley, William J. — Pvt., Heavy Tank Corps.
Buczak, Andrew — Pvt., 3d Co., Motor Transport.
Buczynski, Leo J.— Pvt., 16th Co., 152d Depot Brigade.
Buda, Martin— Pvt. W.
Budziszewski, Frank — Pvt., Co. C, 347th Infantry.
Budzynski, Frank E. — Pvt., Motor Transport Corps.
Buechner, George C. — Pvt., Co. B, 302d Engineers.
WG October 23, 1918.
Buehrle, Carl J.— Cook, Co. B, 334th Bat., Tank Corps.
Bucsynski, Louis E. — Pvt., Headquarters.
Buettner, Harold W.— Pvt., Battery F, 60th F. A.
Buettner, Justus P. — Pvt., 19th Photo Sec, Air Service.
Buffhan, Walter H.— Pvt. WA.
Bugham, Philup— Pvt., Co. B, 312th Military Police.
Bugdat, Walter— Pvt. WA August 20, 1918.
Bugl, Frank— Pvt., Co. B, 318th Engineers.
Bugman, Philip— Pvt. WA.
Bukowski, B. M. — 1st Lieut., 4th Sanitary Train.
Bukowski, Joseph A. — Corp., Co. E, 9th Am. Train.
Bukowski, Anthony M. — Pvt., Co. F, 302d Engineers.
WA October 1918.
Bukowski, Joseph — Pvt., Co. C, 303d Ammunition Tr.
Bukowski, C. A.— Pvt., Co. A, 312th Engineers.
Bukowski, Leo— Pvt., Co. E, 138th Engineers.
Bukowski, Stanley— Pvt., Co. C, 307th Engineers.
Bukowski, Michael— Pvt., Co. A, 162d Infantry.
Bulger, Daniel J.— Pvt., Co. C, 336th Machine Gun
Battalion.
Bulger, William R.— Sgt., S. A. T. C.
Bull, Edward C. — Pvt., Students' Army Training Corps.
Bullard, Harlan A.— Pvt.
Bullock, Harlan E. — Sgt., Chemical Warfare Section.
Bullock, Vivian L. — Corp., Chemical Warfare Sec. WG.
Bunce, Clifford D. — Pvt., 117th Ordnance Department.
Buncy, Walter J.— Pvt., Battery A, 2d Field Artillery.
Buncy, Edgar C. — Pvt., Base Hospital, Camp Dix.
Bundrock, Chas. H. — Pvt., Quartermaster Corps.
Bundt, Elmer F.— Pvt., Rifle Range, Caldwell, N. J.
Bunge, Joseph J. — Pvt., Headquarters, 311th Infantry.
Buniski, Joseph— Pvt., Co. E, 147th Infantry. WA
October 29, 1918.
Burck, Carl F.— Pvt., Battery A, 355th Field Artillery.
Bundrock, Charles H.— Pvt.
Bunny, John J. — Corp., Ordnance Detachment.
Bunny, William J. — Pvt., Co. A, Quartermaster Corps.
Buran, Emil A. — Pvt., Machine Gun Co., 7th Infantry.
W July 1918.
Burdeete, John J. — Co. D, 152d Depot Brigade.
Burdick, John H. — Wagoner, Headquarters, 110th Am-
munition Train.
Burgasser, John N. — Co. F, 312th Ammunition Train.
Burger, Jacob F.— Ist-class Pvt., Co. G, 346th Infantry
Burger, Calvin — Pvt., 218th Aero Squadron.
Burger, Albert G. — Pvt., 8th Co., November Automatic
Replacement Draft, Tank Corps.
Burger, William R.— Pvt., Co. E, 26th Engineers.
Burgio, Augustine — Pvt., 6th Troop, 15th Cavalry.
Burk, Murray — Pvt., Quartermaster Corps.
Burk, Walter— Pvt., 303d Engineers.
Burkard, F. E. — Base Hospital, Long Island.
Burkard, Frank L.— Pvt., Co. C, 307th Infantry.
Burkard, George E. — Pvt., Co. F, 1st Army Replace-
ment Depot, 9th Regiment.
Burkard, John E. — Pvt., 312th Aero Squadron.
Burke, Eugene M.— 1st Sgt., S. A. T. C.
Burke, Edward T.— Sgt., 801st Stevedore Battalion.
Burke, Frank — Pvt., Co. B, 303d Ammunition Train.
Burke, Arthur J. — Sgt., Advance Motor Transport
Supply Company.
Burke, .lames D.— Pvt. WA.
Burke, Thomas C— Pvt., 315th Guard and Fire Co.
Burke, Thomas C. — Pvt., Headquarters 345th Infantry.
Burke, Thomas P.— Pvt., Co. B, 348th Infantry.
Burke, Paul F.— Pvt., Co. B, S. A. T. C.
Burke, Wm. E. — Pvt., Students' Army Training Corps.
Burke, William G. — Pvt., Camp Canisius.
Burke, Rayinond P. — Pvt., Base Hospital 23.
Burke, Raymond J.— Corp., S. A. T. C.
Burke, Wallace H.— 309th Infantry.
Burkhalter, Henry W.— Pvt., Co. E, 148th Infantry.
WA October 29, 1918.
Burkhardt, Emil F. — Pvt., School Detachment, Fort
Monroe, Va.
Burkhardt, Elmer — Hudson Hill Detachment.
Burkhardt, Gustave J.— Pvt., Co. F, 304th Am. Train.
Burley, Ralph F.— Lieut., Co. B, 309th Infantry. WA
October 18, 1918.
Burley, Winfield — Sgt., Motor Transport Corps.
Burlingame, William T.— Pvt., Co. D, 306th Infantry.
Burnett, Charles E. — 2d Lieut., Headquarters, 52d F. A.
Burns, .Joe — Pvt.
Burnell, Lorenzo D. — Capt., N. A. Reserve Co.
Burnell, Alvin — 3d Co., 1st Battalion.
Burner, Benjamin F. — Base Hospital, Camp Sevier.
Burney, Frederick C— Pvt., 60th Infantry. WA Octo-
ber 12, 1918.
Burnicka, Max— Pvt., Co. B, 306th Infantry. WA
September 5, 1918.
520
Buffalo's Part in the World War
Burns, Edward — 1st Sgt., Battery C, Artillery.
Burns, Frank A. — 1st Sgt., Quartermaster Corps.
Burns, Gerald G.— Maj., 308th Infantry.
Burns, Edward W.— Pvt., 346th Infantry.
Burns, James O. — Corp., Headquarters, 802d Stevedore
Battalion, Tank Corps.
Burns, John J. — Pvt., 54th Depot Brigade.
Burns, Joseph E.— Pvt., Co. A, S. A. T. C.
Burns, Leo P. — Pvt., 3d Coast Artillery Corps.
Burns, Robert J. — 106th Ambulance Corps.
Burns, Robert M. — Students' Army Training Corps.
Burns, Thomas— Pvt., Co. E, 311th Infantry. WA
September 22, 1918.
Burns, Martin J. — Pvt., Co. A, 212th Engineers.
Burns, William H.— Sgt., Co. H, 84th Infantry.
Burns, William J. — Pvt., Quartermaster Corps, 1st Div.
Burow, Walter P.— Pvt., 306th Infantry.
Burow, Ralph J. — Pvt., Students' Army Training Corps.
Bruozynski, Walter A. — Sgt. WA.
Burr, Charles A.— Ist-class Pvt., Battery B, 34th F. A.
Burr, Edwin J., Jr.— Pvt., 335th Field Artillery.
Burrell, James 0.— Corp., Battery B, 334th Tank Corps
Burrows, Edwin G. — 1st Lieut., Infantry, Unassigned.
Busch, Charles— Pvt. WA.
Burst, Edward — 317th Field Regiment Squad.
Burst, Matthew — Pvt., Headquarters, 2d Army Corps.
Burst, George — Corp., Co. B, 113th Machine Gun
Battalion.
Burt, Alwin J.— Corp., Co. B, 309th Infantry. WA
October 18 ,1918.
Burt, Harold N.— 2d Co., S. A. T. C.
Burt, William R.— Pvt., Co. A, 328th Infantry. WA
October 7, 1918.
Burton, Frederick E.— Co. A, 34th Regiment. WA
December 15, 1918.
Burton, Frederick W.— Pvt., 416th Field Remount
Squadron.
Bury, Raymond E. — Pvt., Machine Gun, 311th Infan-
try. WA October 26, 1918.
Burzik, Frank— Pvt., Headquarters, 333d F. A.
Burzynski, Stanley — Pvt., Salvage Division.
Bush, Harry— Pvt., Co. C,— 167th Infantry.
Buscaglia, Sorito— Pvt., 14th Co., 153d Depot Brigade.
Busch, Charles— Pvt., Co. C, 8th Machine Gun Batta-
Hon, WA November 11, 1918.
Busch, George F. — Co. Clerk, Aviation Detachment.
Bush, William L.— Pvt., Battery B, 36th Field Artillery.
Bushman, Willard W. — Flying Cadet, Air Service
Squadron.
Bushover, Peter— Pvt., 5th Co., 153d Depot Brigade.
Bushy, Richard E.— Pvt., Co. I, 306th Infantry. WA
September 28, 1918.
Bushy, WilHam J.— Sgt., 153d Depot Brigade.
Buss, Frederick A.— Pvt., Co. A, 335th Machine Gun
Battalion.
Busse, Edwin F.— Pvt., Co. C, 59th Pioneer Infantry.
Buszka, Frank J.— Pvt., Co. H, 60th Regiment. WA
September 15, 1918.
Buszka, John J. — Wagoner, Supply Co., 309th Infantry.
Butkowski, William — Co. D, 302d Engineers.
Butsch, Fred J.
Butzer, Albert G. — 1st Lieut., Chaplain, 103d Infantry.
Butcher, Cyrus B.— Battery M., 51st Field Artillery.
Butkiewicz, Frank— Pvt., 14th Co., 4th Battalion.
Butler, Arthur E.
Butler, Francis D. — Students' Army Training Corps.
Butler, Harold T.— Sgt., 303d Engineers.
Butler, Ivan R. — Pvt., Squadron E.
Butler, Daniel F.— 6th Battalion, Military Police.
Butler, John A. — Pvt., Co. D, 102d Ammunition Train.
Butterworth, William T.— Pvt., Co. A, 109th Infantry.
WA September 29, 1918.
Butterworth, John G. — Pvt., Co. B, 1st Replacement,
United States Engineers.
Buttitta, Joseph J.— Pvt., Co. K, 346th Infantry.
Button, Frederick J. — Corp., Co. D, 102d Engineers.
Buxbaum, Albert B.— Pvt., 1st Unit.
Bwzalski, Joseph — 326th Ambulance Corps.
Byerly, Frank A.— Sgt., 328th Infantry.
Byers, Frank E.— WA.
Byers, James I. — Pvt., Headquarters, 302d Engineers.
Byers, Walter J.— Pvt., Battery D, 341st Field Artillery.
Bygoralski, L. — 309th Artillery Remount.
Byreiter, John F.— Pvt., Co. B, 311th Infantry.
Byrne, George M. — Ist-class Pvt., 802d Battalion,
Transport Corps.
Byrne, Joseph A. — Sgt., Co. D, 51st Pioneer Infantry.
Byrnes, Wm. G. — Pvt. .Students' Army Training Corps.
Cammans, James — Pvt., Troop E, 6th U. S. Cavalry.
Cacciatore, Vincenzo — Pvt., 21st Co.
Cadd, Bertram G.— Pvt., Co. G, 21st Engineers.
Cadimus, Charles F.— Pvt., Co. F, 56th Engineers.
Cafarelli, George A.— Pvt., 52d Battalion.
Cafarelli, Louis F. — Machinist Mate-Air, Co. Q, 15th
Regiment.
Cafarelli, Mark J.— Pvt., Co. B, 47th Battalion, U. S.
Guards.
Caffery, Jos.— Co. G, 311th Infantry. WA.
Caflisch, John — American Red Cross.
Caflisch, Philip — Corp., 19th Squadron, 2d Prov.
Caico, Barbaro— Pvt., Co. H, 308th Infantry.
Cairl, Alfred T.— Pvt., Troop E, 5th Cavalry. WA.
Calabretto, Nicola— Pvt. WA.
Caldon, William M.— Pvt., Co. A. 346th Infantry.
Caley, Walter T.— Pvt., Co. I, 35th Trans. Corps. WA.
Caliri, Francesco— Pvt., Battery D, 35th Field Artillery.
Callahan, Andrew C. — 1st Lieut., Medical Corps, U.S.A.
Callahan, Earl J. — Sgt., Co. D, 51st Pioneers.
Callahan, Arthur R.— Pvt., Co. F, 312th Supply Train.
Callahan, Chester— Pvt., Co. D, 303d Engineers.
Callahan, Frank J.— Sgt., Co. A, 309th Infantry. WA.
Callahan, John J. — Pvt., Co. G, 21st Engineers.
Callahan, Thomas — 304th Ammunition Train.
Callan, Maynard F.— Pvt., S. A. T. C.
Callanan, Wm. J.— Supply Sgt., S. A. T. C.
Callenan, Charles A.— Pvt., Co. H, 347th Infantry.
Callaway, Lionel F. — Lieut., British Air Forces.
Callaway, Chester — Corp.
Cited.
Callman, Charles A.— Pvt., Co. H, 347th Infantry.
Callos, John— 17th Co., 152d Depot, A. E. F.
Calvert, Norman — Pvt., Co. E, 302d Engineers.
U. S. Army
521
Cameron, Ralph E. — Maj., 114th Engineers.
Cameron, Donald E. — 4th Canadian Mounted Rifles.
Camillo, Charles— Pvt., 308th Machine Gun Bat., WA.
Camin, Carl C— Sgt., 21st Co., Military Police.
Campanella, Calogero — Co. I, 345th Infantry.
Campanella. Daniel — Corp., Co. A, 16th Battalion,
U. S. Guards.
Campano, Joseph — Pvt. WA.
Campano, Michael A. — Pvt. WA.
Campbell, Alexander — Pvt., Co. K, 51st Pioneers.
Campbell, George C. — Pvt., 136th Headquarters Co.
Campbell, John M.— Pvt., S. A. T. C.
Campbell, Malcolm, Jr. — 2d Lieut., Headquarters, 61st
Company, Coast Artillery Corps, 1st Battalion.
Campbell, Merritt, W.— Pvt., 6th Bat., 1st Prov. Reg't.
Campbell, Robert — Pvt., Co. A, 54th Engineers.
Campbell, William H. — Sgt., Quartermaster Corps.
Camp Wadsworth.
Campbell, William J.~Pvt., Co. B, 311th.
Campo, Anthony— Pvt., Co. B, 345th. WA.
Caraotta, Jos. — Pvt., Co. A, 303d Ammunition Train.
Carozaro, Nenzy, Cook, B Co., 5th Anti-air Machine
Gun Company.
Candee, Joseph P.- Pvt., S. A. T. C.
Candee, Pierce J. — Capt., Medical Department.
Cangerne, Vincenzo — Pvt., Supply Co., 348th Infantry.
Canin, Miltar— 8 B. N., 9th Co., 3d Regiment.
Cannon, Leonard B. — Pvt., Base Hospital 23.
Cannon, Patrick J.— Pvt., Co. H, 345th Infantry.
Canostrari, Steve — Pvt. WA.
Cant, Andrew M.— Bugler, Co. B, 102d U. S. Engineers.
Canteen, Alexander, Pvt., Battalion B, Military Police.
Canteen, Peter, P. — Sgt., Salvage Detachment.
Cantlin, Edward— Pvt., Co. A, 346th Infantry.
Canty, George J.— Pvt., S. A. T. C.
Capelli, Harry — Pvt., Medical Department.
Capelle, Leo W. — Pvt., Transport Corps.
Capitummino Michaelangelo — 6th K. W., 21st Co.,
153d Depot Brigade.
Caplan, Harry — Pvt., Co. I, U. S. Army.
Caplen, Samuel H. — Pvt., Medical Supply Company.
Caplick, Fred P.— Pvt., Co. K, 345th.
Caplick, Leo A. J.— Pvt., Battery A, 306th F. A.
Caplick, Wm. H.— Sgt., Co. B, 34th Machine Gun
Battalion.
Capozzi, Michael — Pvt., Supply Co., 346th Infantry.
Capozzi, Domiano — Pvt., 21st Co., Canadian Machine
Gun of Quebec.
Capozzi, Nicola — Co. E, 135th Infantry.
Capraro, Diego — Co. B, Inf., 4th Replacement F. R.
Capraro, Gaetano — Co. A, 34th Infantry.
Capute, Michael J. — 45th Co., 153d Depot Brigade.
Carberry, Edward — Pvt., 2d Training Battalion.
Carberry, Eugene J. — Wagoner, Headquarters Troop,
78th Division.
Carberry, James P. — 1st Lieut.
Cappellee, John — Sgt., U. S. Guards.
Carberry, Joseph D. — Corp., Co. A, 146th Infantry.
Carberry, Vincent A. — Pvt., Medical Corps.
Carbone, Francis D.— Pvt., S. A. T. C.
Carberry, Louis F. — Ist-class Machinist, 5th Co., 15th.
Cardillo, Felix— Pvt., Co. F, 307th.
Cardello, Joseph— Pvt., Co. G, 307th Infantry. WA.
Caretti, Joseph A.— Pvt., Co. H, 347th Infantry.
Carey, Vincent J. — 1st Lieut., 153d Depot Brigade,
9th Battalion.
Gary, Wm. H., Jr.— Pvt., S. A. T. C, Cornell.
Carfagna, Michael M.— Pvt., 101st Field Artillery.
Carl, Fred G.— Pvt., 303d Engineers, Medical Dep't.
Garland, George M. — Sgt., Quartermaster Corps.
Carlin, Matthew C. — Pvt., Co. A, 43d Engineers.
Carlin, James R.— Sgt., Co. C, 302d Engineers.
Carlino, Angelo — Sgt., Headquarters, 153d Depot Brig.
Carlino, Felix T. — Sgt., Ordnance Department.
Carlson, Ernest A.— Pvt., Co. G, 346th Infantry.
Carlson, Wm. G.— Pvt. WA.
Carmody, John J.— Pvt., 45th Co., 153d B. B.
Carnevale, Daniel A. — Pvt., 310th Co., Motor Supply
Train.
Carney, George E. — Pvt., Co. A, 302d Engineers.
Carney, John J.— Co. E, 306th Infantry. WA.
Carney, John R.— 2d Lieut., Troop A, 14th U. S. Cav.
Carney, Vincent S.— Pvt., Co. C, 305th Machine Gun
Battalion. G.
Carnochan, Andrew A.— Pvt., Co. L, C. L. O. T. S.
Carpenter, Ernest.
Carpenter, Lloyd.
Carr, Bernard B. — Nurse, Base Hospital.
Carr, J. E. — 1st Lieut., Co. Q, Demobilization Detach.
Carr, Frank J.— Pvt., Co. J, 311th.
Carr, Geo. M.— Pvt., 309th Engineers.
Carr, Geo. W.— Pvt., 310th Infantry. WA.
Carr, Virgil P.— Pvt., Air Service, M. R. L.
Carr, Walter E.— Pvt., 4th Det. Air Service, A. P.
Carr, Robert U. — Corp.
Carr, William J. — Pvt., Students' Army Training Corps.
Carriero, Christian — Co. H, 59th Pioneer Infantry.
Carriero, James — Pvt., D. Bat., Headq'rs, G. H. A.
Carreia, John E.— Pvt., Co. C, 302d Field Signal
Battalion. WA.
Carriero, Luke.
Carrig, John P.— Pvt., 37th Battalion, 153d Depot Brig.
Carrig, Michael F. — Pvt., 64th Infantry, Headquarters.
Carriero, Pouly — Stevedore Regiment.
Carrig, Joseph A. — Corp., 301st Stevedore Regiment.
Carroll, Joseph J. — Corp., Co. H, 311th Regiment.
Carroll, John J.— Pvt.
Caroll, John P. — Corp.
Carroll, Joseph A. — Co. B, 20th Engineers. WA.
Carroll, John P.— Corp., Co. I, 307th.
Carroll, Robert E. — Sgt., Headquarters, Camp Dix.
Carroll, William— Corp., Co. C, 334th Bat., Tank Corps.
Caroll, Wm. J.— Sgt., Mach. Shop Truck.
Carotta, Giuseppe — Pvt., Co. A, 303d Am. Train.
Carson, Frank B.— Pvt., Co. E, 303d Engineers.
Carson, JamesW., Jr.— Pvt. WA Oct. 16, 1918, France.
Carson, Joseph B. — Pvt., Co. A, 346th Infantry.
Carter, Albert T.— Pvt., Medical Dept., 37th Artillery.
Cartwright, Malcom I. — Pvt., 3d Prv. 113th Regiment.
Caruana, Joseph A. — Signalman 24th Co., Signal School.
Caruso, Amadeo — Pvt. WA.
Caruso, Charles— 23d Co., 3d Battalion.
522
Buffalo's Part in the World War
Gary, Howard H.— Pvt. Co. C, 303d Ammunition Tr.
Casazza. John L. — Pvt., Co. G, 348th Infantry.
Casaro, Angelo — Pvt. WA.
Case, Floyd B.— Corp., S. A. T. C, (U. B.)
Casey, Joseph — Lieut., C. O., 74th Aero Squadron.
Ca ey, Wilham M.— Pvt., Co. I, 345th Infantry.
Caskey, Robert M.~Pvt., Co. F, 312th Supply Train.
Casler, Frank — Sgt., Aviation Squadron. WA.
Casler, Harry D. — Sgt., 650th, Aviation Squadron. WA
Cassady, Earl T.— Corp., Co. I, 327th Infantry.
Cassell, William C— Sgt., Co. B, 52d Engineers.
Cassidy, Frank M.— Pvt., 521st, U.S.A. Debarkation
Hospital.
Cassidy, Lawrence H.— Pvt., Co. C, 307th.
Cassidy, Matthew— Co. I, 348th.
Cassidy, Thomas— Battery D, 34th Field Artillery.
Cassidy, Thomas N. — Students' Army Training Corps.
Cassube, John — Co. L, 17th.
Catania, Pasquale — Pvt. WA.
Caster, Fred — Pvt., General Hospital 4.
Caster, John J. — 307th Auxiliary Remount Depot.
Caster, Julian H.— Sgt., 37th Co., 10th Battal on.
Castle, Gordon B.— Pvt., Base Hospital 23.
Castle, John G. — Sgt., Ordnance Department.
Castle, Homer L. — Sgt., 30th Infantry.
Castro, Julian E. — Quartermaster Corps.
Castrogiovann. James — Pvt., Co. B. 3d.
Catania. Pasquali — Pvt. WA.
Catchpole, Harold— Pvt., Co. E, 348th Infantry.
Cavagnaro, Ernest E.— Pvt., S. A. T. C.
Cavagnaro, Richard— Pvt., 307th Co., 302d Supply
Train. G.
Cavanaugh, Alex J. — Pvt. WA.
Cavanaugh, Arthur F. — Pvt. WA.
Cavanaugh, Gregory P. — Co. I, 307th Infantry. G.
Caverly, Richard. —
Cavins, James W.— Pvt., Co. E, 302d Engineers. G.
Ciminelli. Ceaser— Pvt., Con. and Rec, C. Q. M. C.
Cecala, Nick — Pvt., A, Squadron.
Celani, Samuel — Co. A, 87th Division.
Celeste, Marcella— Pvt., 31st Co., 153d Depot Brigade,
8th Battalion.
Cerankowski, Thadeus— Pvt., Co. H, 308th Infantry. G.
Ceranski, John J.— Pvt., Co. B, 306th.
Ceranski, Michael- Pvt., 52d O. P. C, 1st.
Ceranski, Stanley F.— Pvt., Co. C, 336th.
Cernski, Vincent — Pvt , Headquarters, 311th Inf. G.
Chadwick, Geo. L.— Sgt., Co. A, 62d Engineers.
Chadwick, Kant — Sgt., Co. E, 543d Engineers.
Chadwick, W. D.— Pvt., 61st Auto Patrol.
Chaffee, George — Headquarters, 5th Division.
Chaffee, Herbert C— Co. M, 7th Infantry.
Chamberlain, C. H.— Pvt., U. S. A. M. C, S. S. U. 593.
Chamberlain, Horace D. — Corp. WA.
Chambers, Frank B. — Mechanic, Battery A, 5th F. A.
Chambers, Geo.— Pvt., 4th Co., E. 0. T. S.
Chambers, William B.— Sgt., Co. C, 105th Field Signal
Battalion.
Champlin, Calbrath, P. — Pvt., Officers' Training Camp.
Chandler, Harry J. — Pvt., Medical Department, 310th
Sanitary Corps. G.
Change, Silvi— Pvt. WA.
Chapin, Frank K. — Major, 1st F. B. Signal Corps. G.
Chapin, Frank Curtiss — Quartermaster Corps, Fort
Hancock, N. Y.
Chapin, William A. — Sgt., 327th Co., Quarterm'r Corps.
Chapman, Roy M. — Sgt., Headquarters, 96th Division.
Chambers, William B.— 318th F. B. Signal Corps.
Change, Silvi— Pvt. WA.
Chandler, Harry J.— Pvt. WA.
Chapin, Frank K. — Major, 1st F. B. Signal Corps. G.
Assigned to General Staff at Washington, D. C, on November 12,
1919, after iiis return from France.
Chapin, Gilbert K.— Pvt. WA.
Chapin, Harry — Pvt., .52d Brigade Headquarters Co. G.
Chapman, Geo. W.— Pvt., 36th Co., 153d D. B. WA.
Chapman, Nelson W. — Headquarters, 96th Division.
Chappell, Chester H.— Co. A, 309th Infantry. WA.
Chartrand, Geo. R.— Corp., Co. C, 302d Engineers.
Chefitz, Isaac — Pvt., Co. L, 59th Pioneer Infantry.
Cheplo, J.— Sgt., 107th Ordnance Depot.
Cheplovitz, Louis — Pvt., M. T. Training Detachment 1.
Cherbauer, Rudolph — Pvt., 323d Co., Quartermasters,
Marine Corps.
Cherry, Ros.— Pvt., Co. G, 307th Infantry. WA.
Chester, Stanley— Pvt., Co. K, 147th Infantry.
Chichester, Carl H.— Sgt., 57th Co., 15th Training
Battalion.
Chimera, Joseph A.— Pvt., Co. K, 345th.
Chirnoff, Jay— Pvt., Co. B, 214th Engineers.
Chirnoff, Louis — Pvt., 1st Signal Corps, Pigeon Service.
Chisholm, Harry L. — L. Cadet, Royal Air Force, Brit-
ish Army.
Chittenden, Wilbur, E.— Sgt., 176th Battalion, Cana-
dian Expeditionary Forces. WA.
Chimera, Anthony, J. — Pvt., Battery F, Artillery.
Chittenden, Lorenz P. — Capt., 306th Ammunition Tr.
156th Field Artillery Brigade.
Chnilsauski, John — Sgt., Quartermaster Corps.
Chodrow, Isidor — Quartermaster Corps.
Choiniski, Leonard F. — Corp., 47th Co., 5th. W twice.
Chojnacki, Leo — Pvt., Students' Army Training Corps.
Chojnacki, Matthew B.— M. R. S.
Christ, Arthur — Pvt., Co. K, Ordnance Department.
Christ, Geo. F.— Pvt., Co. 6th, Chemical Warfare Ser.
Christen, Frank Edw. — Co. E, 147th Engineers.
Christman, Alfred E. J.— Pvt., 147th Infantry. G.
Chapman, Geo. Washington— Pvt., 36th Co., 153d
Depot Brigade.
Christian, John A. — Pvt. ,557th Motor Transport Corps.
Christiano, Felix D.— Co. C, 346th Infantry.
Christmann, Elmer A. — Pvt., Camp Lee.
Christman, Frederick— Pvt., Co. C, 302d Am. Train.
Christman, Leroy, H. — Corp., Co. D, Engineers.
Chudy, Max— Pvt., Battery D, 336th Field Artillery.
Christen, William J. — Co. E, 347th Infantry.
Church, Ruben F.— Pvt.
Chruch, Samuel W.— 312th Field Battalion.
Church, Lawrence— Pvt.. S. A. T. C.
Churchill, Edwin Paul— Pvt., Co. D, 335th Machine
Gun Battalion.
Chwenk, Michael A.— Pvt. M.
U. S. Army
523
Ciappa, Frank P.— Pvt., Co. B, 348th Infantry.
Cicarell, Dominic A. — Pvt., Supply Co., 348th Infantry.
Cicatello, Joseph— 38th Co., 152d Depot Brigade.
Ciezak, Martin— Pvt. WA.
Cicconi, Giuseppe — 6th Co., 153d Depot Brigade.
Ciehalski, W.— Pvt., Co. F, 327th Infantry.
Cillienze, Pietre — Pvt., 325th Butchery Company.
Cile, Thomas L.— Pvt., Co. C, S. A. T. C.
Ciosmak, .Jan — Pvt., Co. G, 303d Ammunition Train.
Cipriana, Salvatore — Pvt., Co. G, 61st Infantry.
Ciolek. John.
Cipolla. Santo.
Cirbus, Anderson J. — Pvt., Co. E, 302d Engineers. W.
Cirbus. John P. — Sgt., Quartermaster Corps.
Cirsei, Dominic — Camp Dix, N. J.
Cirsei, Joseph Jr. — Sgt., 302d P. Co., Motor Transport
Corps, M. R. S.
Ciresi, Joseph L. — 264th Aero Squadron.
Ciszah, Louis— Pvt., Co. G, 346th Infantry.
Ciura, Ignatry— Pvt., Co. G, 348th Infantry.
Civitello, Ralph— Co. K, 345th Infantry.
Civitello, Thomas— Co. C, 329th Infantry.
Ciurzynski, Anthony— Pvt., Co. F, 147th Infantry. G.
Clair, Paul J.— Sgt., Co. 4th, 1st Regiment.
Clare, Frankhn D. — Sgt., Base Spare Ports 3.
Claris, John W. — Capt., Vet. Training School.
Clark, Albert R.— Corp., Co. D, 302d Engineers.
Clark, Elgina— Sgt. Maj., 118th Co., Ordnance Dept.
Clark, Fred A.— Pvt., Co. G, 347th Infantry.
Clark, Fred G.— Pvt., Co. C, Medical Detachment.
Clark, George L. Corp., Battery B, Field Artillery.
Clark, Harold W.— Pvt., 4th Co., Fort Totten.
Clark, Horace S. — Pvt., 3d Division Headquarters Det.
Clark, John M. — Quartermaster Corps.
Clark, Miss Lucella J. — Base Hospital 23.
Clark, Milford H.— 1st Lieut., Ordnance Dept., U. S. A.
Clark, Percy W.— Pvt., 5th Trench Mortar Battery.
Clark, Richard H.— Corp., Co. E, 106th Supply Train.
Clarke, Alfred H., Dr. 1st Lieut., Base Hospital 74.
Clarke, George J. — Pvt., Students' Army Tr'g Corps.
Clarke, Eugene R. — Sgt., Rgt. As. 16th, 1st Air Service
Mechanic.
Clarke, Morris E.— Pvt., Co. C, 303d Ammunition Tr.
Clarke, Theo A.— Lieut., 301st Trench Mortar Battery.
Clauncy, Edgar J.— Sgt., Co. C, 321st Motor Trans-
port Corps.
Claus, E. T.— Corp., 13th Co., Central Officers Train-
ing School, Camp Lee.
Claus, Frank J.— Pvt., Co. A, 339th Infantry.
Clayson, Ralph L. — Pvt., Base Hospital 68.
Clayton, Walter— Pvt., Co. A, 347th Infantry.
Cleary, Joseph — Students ' Army Training Corps. ( Can-
isius College.)
Cleary, William J.— Pvt., 2d Co., 27th Ordnance.
Cleesattel, Frederic C. — Corp., Headquarters 311th.
Clement, Harold T.— Capt. — Headquarters, 27th Div.
Clement, James L. — Major, Camp Dental Surgeon.
Clement, Lucius R. — Capt., Quartermaster Corps.
Cleveland, Joseph J.— Pvt., Co. I, 305th Infantry.
Clifford, Edw. M.— Corp., Co. A, 309th.
Clifford, Frank— Pvt., Battery B, 36th Field Artillery.
Clifford, John E.— Pvt., 6th Battalion, 23d.
Clifton, Robert E. — Pvt., 2d Co., Quartermaster Corps,
M. R. S., Unit 303d.
Clinch, Harry T.— Sgt., Co. C, 307th Infantry.
Clinckhammer, Alfred— Co. L, 347th.
Cline, William M.— Corp., 67th Co., 18th Battalion,
153d Depot Brigade.
Clinton, George C. — Pvt., Headquarters, 27th Div.
Clinton, Marshall— Lieut. Col., Base Hospital 23.
Clinton, Spencer — 2d Lieut., Headquarters, 365th.
Clinton, Thomas E.— Pvt., Co. D, 311th Infantry.
Clive, David D.— Pvt., Co. D, 302d Engineers.
Close, Charles J.— 2d Lieut., 13th Co., 74th, 1915-18,
2d Group, M. T. D.
Clowes, G. H. A. — Research Dept., Chemical R. D.
Clrace, Stanley T.— 1st Lieut.
Clutterbuck, Cyrus— Pvt., Co. D, 302d Engineers.
Clymer, John J. — Corp., 679th Co., Motor Trans. Corps.
Coakley, Morgan T.— 1st Lieut., Co. E, 419th Tel.
Bat., Field Signal Corps.
Coatsworth, Frank C. — Pvt., Co. B, 5th Engineers.
Cobb, Chas. S.— Pvt., 18th Machine Gun.
Cobernus, Carl G.— Pvt., Co. B, 8th Machine Gun
Battalion.
Cobin, Isidore — Co. G, Camp Upton.
Coburg, John S.— Pvt., Co. M, 59th Pioneer Infantry.
Cochran, HoUis K.— Sgt., Machine Gun Co., 309th Inf.
Cochrane, Geo. J. — 1st Lieut., Field Artillery.
Cafaro, Nicholas — Pvt., Co. B, 12th Ammunition Train
Coft'ey, Lawrence E. — Pvt., Co. 310th, Ambulance Corps.
Cofield, John L.— Pvt., 312th Mounted Police.
Cofield, John L. — Pvt., 153d Depot Brigade.
Cohen, Charles C— Pvt., Co. M, 38th Infantry.
Cohen, Fred— Pvt., Co. C, 18th Infantry. WA twice.
Cohen, Herbert— Corp., Co. H, 311th Infantry. WA.
Cohen, J. Y. — Lieut., Medical.
Cohen, Morris— Pvt., 47th B., U. S. Guard.
Cohn, Paul P.— Pvt., 153d Depot Brigade.
Cohen, Perry— Pvt., Co. C, 336th Machine Gun Batf n.
Cohn, Ernest G. — Pvt., Ordnance Department.
Cohn, Louis A. — Corp., 305th Co., Motor Cycle.
Coit, G., Jr.— Pvt., 78th Division.
Colangelo.Daniel A. — 4th Co.,Lst. M. M. Reg't Air Ser.
Colarusso, James — Pvt., Co. H, 348th Infantry.
Cole, Frank — Pvt., Headquarters.
Cole, John M.— Pvt., Battery E, 38th Regiment, Coast
Artillery Corps.
Cole, Joseph F.— Sgt., Co. L, 21st Engineers. WA.
Cole, Joseph G.— Corp., Co. B, 102d Engineers. WA.
Colegrove, Wm. H. — Sgt.
Coleman, James J. — 1st Lieut., Battery A, 73d F. A.
Coleman, John C— Pvt. WA.
Coleman, Leo W. — Sgt., Students ' Army Training Corps.
Coleman, Reuben — Pvt., 437th Co., Engineers.
Colin, Clarence A. — Pvt., Military Detachment.
Coll, John W.— Sgt., Headquarters, 309th Infantry.
Colhtt, Alfred W.— Pvt., L. C. A. W. S. 3d Battalion.
Collier, Anthony H. — Cook and Bakers School. Camp
Gordon.
Collins, Bernard J.— Corp., Co. C, 307th Field Signal
Battalion.
524
Buffalo's Part in the World War
Collins, John J.— Pvt., Co. A, 9th Machine Gun Bat.
Collins, James H.— Pvt., Co. D, 305th Machine Gun Bat.
Collins, Charles E. — Wagoner, Headquarters, Troop
77th Division. WA.
Collins, Stephen A.— Pvt., Machine Gun Co., 309th
Machine Gun Battalion.
Collins, Thomas — Pvt., 10th Casual Co., 1st Regiment.
Collins, Daniel V.— Pvt., Co. B, 307th Machine Gun
Battalion.
Collins, Emmett J.— Pvt., Battery E, 36th Field Art.
Collins, Eugene J. — Pvt., Co. D, 51st Pioneer Infantry.
Collins, Robert J. — Motor Transport Corps.
Collins, Frank A.~2d Lieut., Co. C, 309th Infantry.
Collins, Helen M. — Nurse, Base Hospital 115.
Collins, John J.— Capt., 1st B. N., 152d Depot Brigade.
Collins, John L. — Corp., 800th Rep. Squadron.
Collins, Richard F.— Pvt., Co. G, 346th Infantry.
Collins, Stanley G.— Pvt., S. A. T. C.
Coleman, John C— Pvt. WA.
Colgrove, Geo. E. — Sgt., Co. A, 55th Pioneers.
Colmer, .Joseph J.— Pvt., Co. C, Supply Train, 36th Div.
Colongelo, Daniel A. — Ist-class Pvt., 4th Motor Mech.
Colosante, Joseph— Pvt., 1st Co., 306th Inf., A. E. F.
Colton, R. M. — Aviation.
Colville, David L.Pvt., Co. C, 1st Pioneers. WA.
Colville, Harold— Pvt., Co. C, Signal Corps.
Colville, Leo. E.— Pvt., Co. C, 1st Pioneerlnfantry. WA.
Colwell, Leo F.— Pvt. WA.
Coman. Francis D. — Pvt., Sanitary LTnit 642d, French
Army.
Combes, Howard F.— Pvt., 7th Ohio Cavalry.
Compton, Benj. A.— Sgt., Co. 9th, 309th Infantry. WA.
Compton, Benjamin A. — Pvt. WA.
Compton, Matthew — Pvt., 1st Co., Fort Howard, Md.
Conable, Max D.— Corp., Co. E, 411th Telegraph
Battalion.
Congreve, Chester M.— Pvt., Co. E, 311th. GW.
Coniff, Bernard, Pvt., Students' Army Training Corps.
Coniglion, Frank — Pvt., Army.
Conklin, Bryan, R.— Pvt., Co. C, 336t.h BattaHon,
Tank Corps.
Conklin, Nelson H.— Corp., Co. R, 309th Infantry.
Conley, Edward— Pvt., Battery C, 83d Field Artillery.
Conley, Lawrence L. — Co. L, 15th Regiment.
Conley, Robert J.— Cand. Ofc 25th, Central Officers'
Training School.
Conlin, Henry E. — Corp., Co. F, 303d Engineers.
Conlon, John— Sgt., Co. A, 309th Infantry. G.
Conlon, John — Corp. WA.
Conlon, Michael— Pvt., Co. C, 308th Machine Gun B'n.
Conlon, William T.— 1st Lieut., 333d Headquarters
Co., 84th Division.
Conners, Harry R. — Pvt., 308th Machine Gun.
Conners, Robert G. — Co. K, 51st Pioneer Infantry.
Connolly, Arthur A. — Corp., Headquarters, 308th F. A.
Connolly, George E. — Pvt., 48th Co., U.S. MarineCorps.
Connolly, Paul E.— Pvt., Co. G, 3d.
Connor, Daniel J.— Sgt., S. A. T. C.
Connors, Harold F.— Sgt. WA.
Connors, James — Pvt., Co. C, 303d Engineers.
Conover, Willis C— Lieut., Co. C, 26th. G.
Conroy, Charles A.
Conrad, Ed. Howard — Gunner, Newport, R. I.
Conroy, William J. — Machine Gunner, Co C, 305th
Machine Gun Battalion. WA.
Conshafter, Charles A.— Pvt., Co. A, Tank Corps.
Constantine, David — Pvt. WA.
Constantine, Harold J. — Central Officers' Training
School, 11th BattaHon.
Contino, Salvatore — Corp., Co. A, 61st Infantry.
Converse, Howard F. — Lieut., Co. C, 58th Infantry.
Conway, Charles A. — Medical Corps, 6th Hospital Corps.
Conway, John J. — Sgt., Co. B, 61st Infantry. G.
Conwell, Bernard R.— Pvt., 12th Battalion, 99th Div.
Cook, John B.— Pvt., Co. B, 302d Engineers.
Cook, Joseph McGill— Sgt. WA Aug. 29, 1918, France.
Cook, Charles J.— 480th Motor Train Supply.
Cook, Donald D.— M. G. C, A. S. S. C, Aviation Dept.
Cook, Orville T.— Pvt., 18th Co., Depot L.
Cook, Wm. v.— Pvt., Co. H, 311th Infantry.
Cooke, Gordon P.— Sgt., Co. F, 35th Engineers.
Cooke, Thomas F.— Major, Machine Gun Co., 311th
Infantry.
Cookson, Joseph A. — WA.
Coon, F. A. — Lieut., Quartermaster Corps.
Connors, William M.— Pvt., Machine Gun Co., 327th
Infantry. WA.
Cooper, Andrew R. — Capt., 3d Division.
Cooper, Edward O. — 1st Lieut., U. S. Army, Ordnance
Department.
Cooper, George, Jr.— Sgt., Co. D, 309th Infantry. G.
Cooper, George E. — Pvt., 51st Pioneer Infantry.
Cooper, Robert E.— Military Police, Co. A, 312th, 87th
Division.
Cooter, Edwin A.— Pvt. WA.
Cooter, Raymond— Pvt., Co. D, 28th Division. WA.
Copley, Frank— Pvt., Co. K, 3d P. R.
Copley, James — Pvt., B. 15. Pt. Newark.
Coppello, Joseph— Pvt., Co. D, 303d Am. Train.
Copperberg, George A. — Mch. Supply Co., 309th Inf.
Coppins, Edwin J. — Pvt., Machine Gun Co., 311th Inf.
Coppins, James R. — 1st Lieut., Division Headquarters,
Camp Meade.
Coppins, Harold C— Corp., Co. B, 209th Field.
Coppola, Andrew — Pvt., 58th Co.
Corner, Nelson W. — 1st Lieut., Headq'rs, 145th Inf.
Corcoran, Edward J. — 1st Lieut., Headq'rs, 101st Inf.
Cordes, A. M. — Lieut., 3d Aviation Instruction Center.
Cordner, Robert D. — Pvt., Headquarters, 4th F. A.
Corey, Ernest B.— Pvt., Machine Gun Co., 61st Inf. WA.
Cornell, Henry — Sgt., Intelligence Corps, General
Headquarters, G2.
Cornish, Francis E. — 1st Lieut., 348th Machine Gun
Battalion.
Corrie, Walter S.— Corp., Quartermaster Corps, Wash-
ington, D. C.
Corritore, Daniel A.— Pvt., 566th Section, U. S. Army,
Air Service.
Cortsig, Alfred C— Pvt., Co. F, 309th Infantry. WA.
Corsi, Mario — Base Hospital.
Corwin, Geo. H.— Ist-class Pvt., Co. E, 403d Field
Signal Battalion.
U. S. Army
525
Costello, lozzio — Pvt., Co. C, Infantry.
Cotroneo, Giuseppi — Pvt. WA.
Cott, Delzon, N. — Dr., 1st Lieut., Medical Corps, Fort
Oglethorpe, La.
Cotter, .James J.— Pvt., Co. C, 307th Infantry. WA.
September 17, 1918.
Cotter, James P.— Capt., 61st Co., 9th Battalion, lo3d
Depot Brigade.
Cotter, John V. — Pvt., Co. A, 6th Replacement, Camp
Gordon.
Cotter, Stephen V.~Pvt., Co. C, Students' Army
Training Corps, St. Louis.
Cotter, Wm. J.— Sgt., Co. A, 309th Infantry.
Cottrell, Eugene J. — Pvt., 29th Engineers.
Cottrell, Sylvester V.— 1st Sgt., 811th Air Squadron.
Couch, Matthew R. — Pvt., Base Ordnance Dept. 1.
Couchman, A. W.— Major, 307th Unit.
Coughlin, Harry L.— Pvt., Co. C, 68th Infantry.
Coughlin, James C— Pvt., C. R. 72d Tank Corps.
Coughlin, Leo G.— Pvt., Co. L, 306th Infantry. WA.
Coughlin, Vincent— Coast Art., S. S. M., 649th B. C. M.
Cournan, Martin — 43d Regular Coast Art., 2d Bat.
Courter, Ralph W.— Sgt., Co. E, 422d.
Coveny, Charles J. — Pvt., Co. B, 31st Engineers.
Covert, Audley A.— Pvt., Co. A, 146th Machine Gun
Battalion, 2d Provisional Depot.
Covert, Harry E. — Pvt., Ordnance.
Cormack, Wallace— Sgt., 306th Field Signal Battalion.
Coulson, May I. — Red Cross Nurse, LT. S. Base Hosp. 6.
Covin, Clifford- Pvt., Co. A, 18th Military Police.
Cowan, Arthur P. — Corp., Headq'rs Troop, 78th Div.
Cowan, Harold D. — 1st Lieut., 2d Medical Sup. Depot.
Cowan, Howard W. — 1st Lieut., Co. L, 49th Infantry.
Cowie, John H.— Pvt., Co. G, S. A. T. C.
Cowley, Edward P.— Pvt., S. A. T. C.
Coyle, Andrew W.— Pvt. WA.
Coyle, John J.— Pvt., Co. A, 437th Engineers.
Craft, Joseph Charles — Sgt., Co. B, 13th Regiment.
Crafts, Harry A. — Engineer Corps.
Crage, Joseph E. — Corp., Casual Detachment, Camp
Hancock.
Crage, Timothy E. — 301st Motor Transport Corps.
Cragin, FrankUn P. — Corp., Headquarters, 152d Depot
Brigade.
Craig, Leo. J.— Pvt., Co. H, 60th U. S. Infantry. WA.
Cramer, Clarence E. — Pvt., Co. D, Development Bat.
Cramer, Frank W.— Cook, Co. M, 30th U. S. Infantry.
Cramer, George J. — Pvt. WA.
Cramer. William— Pvt., Co. E, 348th In,. 87th Div.
Crandall, Floyd— Pvt., Co. D, 311th Infantry. WA
September 3, 1918.
Crane, Geo. L. — Regimental Supply Sgt., 307th Am-
munition Train.
Crane, .James L. — Ordnance Department.
Crapa, Michael A. — Bugler. WA.
Cronyn, John G. — Corp., Quartermaster Division,
Camp Dix.
Craver, Edward A. — Corp. WA.
Crawford, Harold E.— Pvt., Co. G, 311th Infantry,
Camp Dix.
Crawford, Daniel E.— Pvt., Co. C, 307th Infantry WA.
Cray, Albert W. — Pvt., Students' Army Training Corps.
Creahan, James S. — Medical Division, Base Hospital 23.
Creamer, Fred S.— Pvt., Battery F, 37th Field Artillery.
Crean, Thomas M.— Sgt., 2d Co., Camp Dix.
Creenan, Edward J. — Ordnance Sgt., 102d Ordnance
Department.
Crehan, Patrick J.— 9th Co.
Cribbs, Walter— Pvt., Co. B, 307th Machine Gun Bat.
Crimi, Percy W.— Sgt., Band, 73d.
Cripps, John R.— Sgt., Battery D, 76th Field Artillery.
Croad, Harry — Corp. WA.
Crocustan, Herman— Pvt., 76th Co., 18th Battalion.
Crofoot, Harold C— Sgt., Headquarters, 325th.
Croll, Chauncey — Corp., 332d Infantry, Signal Corps.
Crone, James M. — Air Service.
Cronyn, Joseph D. — Pvt., Battery D, 50th Artillery.
Cross, R. L.— Chief Mechanic, Battery E, 36th F. A.
Crossett, Carl J. — Lieut., Quartermaster Corps.
Crotty, Patrick— Pvt. WA.
Crossley, Arthur B. — Pvt., 25th Artillery Supply Co.
Crowder, Clifford— Pvt., 3d U. S. Guards.
Crowe, Arthur F.— Pvt., Co. F, 347th Infantry.
Crowe, Emmet S.— Pvt., 4th Co., 1st Pioneer Inf. G.
Crowe, Raymond L. — Pvt., October Automatic Re-
placement Draft, Post Service.
Crowe, Vincent F.— Sgt., Co. A, 309th Infantry. WA.
Crowley, Dennis J. — Corp., Co. D, 311th Regular Inf.
Crowley, Leo— Pvt., 28th Co., 7th Battalion.
Crowley, Timothy J.— Pvt., Co. H, 309th Infantry.
Crown, William — Sgt., 3d Battery, Can. Railway Troop.
Cryan, Michael- Sgt. WA.
Cuddeback, Alfred L.— Pvt., B-331-BU., U. S. Tanks.
Cudebec, Claude L.— Pvt., 15th Co., 153d Depot Brig.,
Motor Transport.
Cudebec, Ray M.— Pvt., Co. F, 306th. Taken Prisoner,
returned.
Cudeek, Bernard — Cook, Supply Co., 348th Infantry.
Cuff, James V.— Pvt., Troop H, 12th Cavalry.
Culkins, Wm. J.— Color Sgt., 328th Inf. Brig.
Cited.
Culkowski, John E.— Pvt., Co. B, 311th Infantry.
Culver, William H. — Corp., Quartermaster Corps.
CuUen, Charles G.— Pvt. WA.
Cullin, Cyril A.— Squad F., Wilbur Wright Field.
Cullen, Edward A.— Pvt. WA.
CuUen, Edward K. — Sgt., Headq'rs, 52d Artillery Brig.
Cullen, Frank W.— S. A. T. C, (Canisius College).
Cullen, John F.— Pvt., Co. A, 113th Infantry. WA.
Cullen, James J., Jr. — Pvt., Quartermaster Corps, 1st
Army Headquarters Troop.
Cullen, Thomas H. — Sgt., Air Service Squadron.
Cummer, Christopher U.— Pvt., 17th Co., 157th Depot
Brigade.
Cummins, .James E. — Pvt., Battery E, 64th Artillery
Coast Artillery Corps.
Cummings, John — Chaufi'eur, 29th Balloon Company.
Cunion, Clarence E. — 11th Regiment.
Cunion, George C. — Pvt., Machine Gun Co., 31Ith
Regiment.
Cunningham, Hawley — Pvt., Co. F, 319th Engineers
Corps.
526
Buffalo's Part in the World War
Cunningham, Joseph J.— Pvt., Co. I, 307th Inf. WA.
Cunningham, Thomas W. — Pvt., Field Hospital 16.
Cunningham, Hubert F.— Pvt., Co. G, 311th Infantry.
Cuoco, Thomas — Pvt., Co. K, 7th Infantry.
Cur, Michael— Pvt. WA.
Curlinski, W. S.— Pvt., Co. D, 302d Engineers. WA.
Curran, Francis Thos.— 2d G. M., U. S. Rifle Range,
Glen Burnie, Md.
Curran, John J. — Pvt., 51st Pioneer Infantry.
Curran, Robert A. — Sgt. Maj., 36th Eng's Headq'rs.
Curry, Joseph W.— Pvt., S. A. T. C.
Curry, Thomas D.— Pvt. WA.
Curry, Rex F.— Pvt. WA.
Curry, Thomas D.— Pvt. WA.
Curry, Clement V.— Corp., 4th Co., 152d Depot Brig.
Curry, Edward P.— 2d Lieut., 309th Infantry, 310th
Field Hospital Base.
Curthoys, Freeman W. — Cook, Co. A, 47th Battalion,
U. S. Yards.
Curthoys, George A.— Pvt., Co. A, 306th M. G. Bn. G.
Curtin, Matthew V.— Pvt., Co. B, 311th Infantry. WA.
Curtin, Paul R. — Pvt., Students' Army Training Corps.
Curtis, Darwin A. — 2d Lieut., Royal Air Force.
Curtis, Henry A.— Co. C, 303d Engineers. WA.
Curtis, James C— Pvt. WA.
Custer, Adam C. — Construction Mech., U. S. Eng. WA.
Cutler, Fred Jas. — Pvt., 338th Guard and Fire Infantry.
Cutler, Otis L.— Sgt., Medical Department, Mobile
Hospital, Unit 100.
Cutter, George H. — Sgt., Engineers Purchasing Office.
Custodi, John J.— Pvt., Co. J, 347th Infantry.
Cutting, Cecil E.— Pvt., 304th Machine Gun Bat. G.
Cutting, George H. — 1st Lieut., Co. A, U. S. Guards.
Cutting, Harvey J. — Sapper, Co. B, Canadian Eng'rs.
Cuzner, George— Pvt., Co. K, 7th Infantry. WA.
Cwiklinski, John C— Pvt., Co. B, 64th Tank Corps.
Cyganek, Stanley— Pvt., Co. H, 103d Infantry.
Cyrulik. John P.— Pvt., Co. G, 34Sth Infantry.
Czajka, Frank— Pvt., Co. B, 311th Infantry. WA.
Czajka, Joseph — Pvt., 16th Co., 153d Depot Brigade.
Czajka, Joseph M. — Pvt: WA.
Czarnecki, Frank — Pvt., 3d.
Czchrowski, Jos. A.— Pvt., 46th Co., 153d Depot Brig.
Czerwinski, Leo F. — Pvt., 20th Coast Artillery.
Czaplicki, Michael — Pvt., Co. A, 312th Engineers.
Czerwinski, Stanley — Pvt., Headq'rs, Military Police.
Czolosz, John M. — Pvt., 61st Headquarters.
Czora, George F. — Pvt., Co. C, 302d Engineers.
Czorak, Chester — Wagoner, Supply Co., 311th Infantry
Czwojdak, Anthony A. — Pvt., 3d Battalion, Chemical
Warfare Service.
Czyniole, John.
Cesidio, Daddario— Pvt., Co. F, 147th.
Dade, Leo J.— Pvt., Co. C, 221st Field Signal Battalion.
Dadswell, Alfred S.— Pvt. WA.
Dahl, Albert C— Pvt. WA.
Dahl, Henry J.— Corp., Co. G, 348th Infantry.
Dahlke, Arthur A. — Army Field Clerk, Camp Head-
quarters, Camp Upton.
Dahlman, Albert— Corp., 304th.
Dahlman, Charles F.— Pvt., Co. M, 345th Infantry.
Dahmer, Edward M.— Pvt.. U. S. Coast Guard.
Daigler, Charles A. — Pvt., Base Hospital, Unit 23.
Dailey, John A.— Pvt., 17th G'd., 1st Regiment, Offi-
cers' Training Camp.
Dailey, Stanley L. — Sgt., 55th Pioneers.
D 'Alesscendro, Eugene — Pvt., Base Hospital. Injured,
Camp Gordon.
Dalbout, Albert A.— Pvt., Co. K, 305th Infantry. WA.
Dale, Wm. John — Sgt., H'dq'rs., Ordnance Repair Shop.
Daley. Eugene F. — Construction Aviation.
Daley, Frank T.— Pvt., Co. I, 74th U. S. Infantry.
Daley, Maurice — Pvt., Students' Army Training Corps.
Daley, Wm. J. — Pvt., Students' Army Training Corps.
Daly, Daniel J.— Sgt., Co. C, 307th Bat., Tank Corps.
Daly, Frank R.— Sgt., Co. G, 307th Infantry.
Daly, James— Pvt., Co. G, 348th Infantry.
Daly, John P. — Pvt., Evacuation Hospital 1. Died.
Daly, William M.— Pvt., 153d Depot Brigade.
Damian, Joe.
Damz, Henry — Pvt., Co. F, 347th Infantry.
Dana, Edwin Ambrose — Pvt., Co. H, 309th Infantry.
WA, D. U.
Danahy, John M.— Pvt., 309th Infantry.
Danato, Giuseppe — Pvt. WA.
Dandajewski, Stanley— Pvt., 138th Co., 2d Replace-
ment. WA.
Daniels, Charles T. — Pvt., 5th Division Supply Train.
Danforth, Frederick W.—S. A. T. C, (Princeton).
Dangelo, August— Pvt., Co. G, 161st Inf. WA. twice.
Dann, John W. — Pvt., 554th Motor Transport.
Danna, Peter F. — Pvt., Headquarters, 153d Depot Brig.
Dannebrock, Arthur E.— Pvt., Machine Gun Co., 311th
Infantry. WA.
Dannebrock, Richard H. — Pvt., 5th Co., Repair Shop
Department.
Danner, Frank X. — Pvt., Development Battalion.
Danner, Meldrum — Pvt., Utility Detachment.
Danok, Steve— Pvt., 64th Co., 16th Battalion.
Danz, Louis — Pvt., Co. C, 302d Engineers.
Dapp, William J. — Base Hospital, Mineola, L. I.
Darby, Bernard — Pvt., Supply Train.
Darby, Clement H. — 2d Lieut., 3d Co., Officers Prov-
ing Training Battalion.
Darby, Frank— Corp., Co. G, 348th Infantry.
Darby, William — Pvt., Headquarters, 28th Infantry.
Darling, Charles E.— Pvt., 1st Bat., 153d Depot Brig,
Darling, Harry F. — 13th Regiment, 5th Brigade.
Darstein, Charles E.— Pvt., 1st Battery, F. A., R. R.
Darstein, Henry P.— Pvt., Co. C, 148th Infantry. G.
Dash, Harvey R.— Corp., Co. B, 311th Infantry.
Daubert, William D.— Pvt., Co. D, 336th Machine Gun
Battalion.
Dauler, Fred C— Corp., 530th Co., M. F. G.
Daum, Ale.xander P. — 1st Sgt., Motor Transport Corps.
Daum, Edward— Pvt., 5th 42d. WA.
Daum, Frank — Bugler, A, 36th.
Daum, John— Pvt., K, 306th.
Dauman, Albert J.— Pvt., Co. M, 311th Infantry.
Daun, Radcliffe — 2d Lieut., Instructor, Camp Taylor.
Dauscher, Clarence C. — Quartermaster Stables, Motor
Corps.
U. S. Army
527
Dauscher, Henry A. — Base Hospital, Ward 39.
Daut, George— Pvt., 310th Trench Mortar Battery.
Dauterman, Howard R.— Pvt., Co. I, 307th Inf. WA.
Davanport, Roy J. — Pvt., Co. W, 12th Trench Mortar
Battery.
Daverne, Raymond M. — Pvt., Co. B, 321st Motor
Transport Corps.
David, Charles J.— Corp., C. W. S. B., 2d Batt.
Davidson. Ale.xander — Pvt., 310th Quartermaster.
Davidson, Kenneth S. — 2d Lieut., Flying Service.
Davidson, Leonidas L. — Sgr., 320th Tank Corps.
Davidson, Trevor — Coast Artillery Training Camp.
Davis, Arthur C. — Sgt., Artillery.
Davis, Clarke T. — 2d Lieut., Observer, Air Service.
Davis, Clifford L.— Pvt., Tank Corps.
Davis, Herbert— Pvt., Co. A, 209th Field.
Davis, Joseph — Sgt., Co. A, 312th Engineers.
Davis, Kenneth H. — Reg. Sgt. Maj., Headquarters,
55th Pioneer Infantry.
Davis, Lawrence — Sgt., 23d Infantry, Field Hospital 23.
Davis, Lee — Pvt., 63d Pioneers.
Davis, William— Pvt., Supply, 36th Field Artillery.
Davison, Albert W. — Capt., Chemical Warfare Service.
Dawson, Francis J. — Wagoner, 102d Ammunition Tram
Day, George G.— Pvt., 106th Chemical Warfare.
Day, Gordon L.— Co. D, 2d N. A. R.
Day, William James— Corp., 309th Infantry. WA
September 27, 1918.
Dayer, Elucer S. — Pvt., Quartermaster Corps.
Dayer, Elmer S.— Pvt., Medical Supply Department.
Deacon, John M. — Pvt.
Deager, Samuel M. — Corp., Battery B, 307th Field
Artillery. WA September 28, 1918.
Deahma, Chester J.— Pvt., 5th Co., 4th U. S, Pr. Gds.
Dean, George F. — Quartermaster Corps.
Dean, Harold J.— Pvt., 78th Co., 19th Battalion.
Dean, William J.— Pvt., 4th Co., U. S. Coast Guard.
Dearing, Edward G. — Corp., Co. D, 302d Engineers.
Debinski, John F.— Pvt., Co. G, 21st Engineers.
Deboben, Arthur Henry — Pvt., 329th Co., Motor Truck
Deboben, Alford C— Sgt., Machine Gun Co., 309th Inf.
Debowski, Michael — Lieut. WA.
Debski, Stephen— Pvt., Co. E, 306th.
Debus, Edwin B.— Sgt., Co. M, 311th Infantry.
DeCeu, Robert E.— Major, Medical Gas Officer, 26th
Division.
DeCeu, William M.— Sgt., Co. A, 338th Battalion,
Light Tanks.
DeChalais, Benjamin P.— Pvt., Co. E, 129th Engineers.
Dechert, Henry P. E.— Sgt., Headq'rs. Co., 1st Army.
Deck, Norbert H.— Pvt., Co. A, S. A. T. C.
Decker, George C— Sgt., 309th Machine Gun.
Decker, John — Corp.
Decker, William, Jr. — Lieut., Motor Supply Train.
Decoux, Daniel C— Sgt., 316th Ammunition Train.
DeDominicis, Rocco N. — Lieut., Field Hospital 14.
Dedona, Anthony J. — Sgt., Bugler School.
Dedona, Henry— Pvt., 311th Infantry.
Deegan, Fred D.— Pvt., D. A. E. Co., 8th Battalion.
Degen, Elmer G.— Pvt., Co. K, 310th Infantry. WA
October 16, 1918.
Degenhart, Wm. M.— Pvt., Machine Gun Co., 306th
Infantry.
DeGlopper. J. A.— Pvt., 669th Aero Squad.
Dehling, Edward C— Pvt., Co. C, 318th.
Deichman, Harry — Pvt., Co. A, U. S. Guard.
Deinhart, Albert F.— Pvt., 731st Co., Motor Truck
Corps.
Deinhart, George A.— Pvt., Co. C, 106th Supply Train.
Deinzer, Jacob J. — Pvt. WA.
Deisig, Carl.
Dekowski, J. J. — Chaplain, 3d Regiment (Polish).
Dekowski, Stanley— Pvt., Co. C, 346th Infantry.
Delane, Jessie W. — Nurse, Base Hospital 55.
Delancy, John F.— Pvt., Co. G, 346th Infantry.
Delaney, Edward.
Delaney, Harry — Pvt.
Delaney, Richard— Corp., S. A. T. C.
De Lang— Pvt. WA.
DeLano, Francis, R.— Pvt., Battery B, 34th F.A.
DeLaplante, Charles J. — Lieut., Royal Air Force.
Dellarigo, Tony— Pvt., 15th Co., 153d Depot Battalion.
Deller, John E.— Pvt., Co. G, 306th Infantry.
Dellwardt, Harold C. — Training Corps.
Dellwardt, Harvey G.— Pvt., 101st Infantry. WA
October 24, 1918.
Delmage, Floyd E. — Co. L, 21st Engineers.
DeLucca, William— Bugler, Battery C, 104th F. A.
DeLucia, Anthony J. — Pvt., 383d Ambulance Co.,
Sanitary Train.
DeMaria, Tony— Pvt. WA.
DeMarie, Tony— Pvt. WA April 26, 1918.
Dembowski, Andrew — Pvt., Co. B, 312th Infantry.
Demeo, Alexander — Pvt., Co. I, 51st Pioneer Infantry.
Demer, John W.— Bugler, Co. G, 348th Infantry.
Demmel, August F. — Pvt., Co. B, Engineers.
Demming, Robert N. — Sgt., 468th Co., Aerial Service
Squad.
Demons, Chris K.— Pvt., 39th Co., 152d Depot Brigade.
Dempsey, Frank D.— Sgt., Co. B, 309th Infantry. WA
October 16, 1918.
Dempsey, Matthew F. — Pvt., Machine Gun Co., 305th
Infantry.
Dempsey, John P. — Corp., Co. B, 33d Engineers.
Dempsey, Leslie — Pvt., Co. F, 303d Ammunition Tr.
Dempsey, Sylvester — Pvt., Headq'rs. Co., 311th Inf.
Dempster, D. F. — 2d Lieut., Royal Flying Corps.
De Niord, Richard N. — Lieut., Base Hospital 23.
De Niord, Richard S.— Y. M. C. A. Secretary, 10th Eng.
Denk, Edgar H. — Pvt., Machine Gun Battahon, 61st
Regiment. WA November 6, 1918.
Denneen, Edward V.— Pvt., S. A. T. C. (Cornell).
Denneen, J Paul — Pvt., Medical Reserve Corps.
Dennis, Fred O. — Lieut., 13th Co., Central Officers'
Training School.
Denny, George M. — Lieut., Headq'rs. Co., 8th Cavalry.
Denny, Ralph E. — Pvt., Fighting Mechanics.
Denser, John S.— Corp., 301st Co., 74th Regiment.
Denton, Loysen J. — Pvt., 567th Regiment.
Denz, Conrad J.— Pvt., Co. D, 312th Am. Train.
Denz, Terrence R. — Pvt.
DePasquale, Carmelo W. — Sgt., Base Hospital 54.
528
Buffalo's Part in the World War
DePasquale, John L. — Corp., Base Hospital 4.
Depta, Joseph— Pvt., 205th Co., 153d Battalion. WA
October 10, 1915.
Dera, Stephen— Pvt., Base Hospital 106.
Derade, William — Lieut. WA.
Derande, Stanley J. — Pvt., 51st Pioneer Infantry.
Derda, Walter J.— Pvt., Co. C, 44th Field Artillery.
Derbyshire, Arthur H. — Pvt., Co. I, Chauffeur Detach't.
Derner, Albert E. — Pvt., Chauffeur Detachment.
Derner, Milton — Pvt., Proving Grounds.
Derr, William H. — Pvt., 4th Evacuation Hospital.
Derskeimer, Edward — Corp., Signal Corps, 22d Inf.
DeRuchie, Edward P.— Corp., 9th Co., 3d Reg., Air Ser.
DeSalvo, Giuseppe — Pvt. WA.
DeSabio, Peter— Pvt., Co. B, Repair Unit 321.
Desbecker, Harold C. — Pvt., Ordnance Department.
Desimon, Herbert G.— Pvt., Co. A, 346th Infantry.
Desmon, Harry W. — Corp., Co. A, 302d Engineers.
Desimore, Frank — Pvt., Co. H.
Desing, Clarence M.— Sgt., 311th Field Hospital.
Desing, William H.— Pvt., Co. C, 345th Infantry.
Desmon, Harry W. — Corp., Co. A, 302d Engineers.
Desmond, D. E.
Desmond, Jerome F.— Pvt., Cc. B, 340th M. G. Bn.
DeTemple, Arthur J.— Pvt., Co. B, 136th Engineers.
Dethloff, Walter— Pvt., 42d Co., 152d Depot Brigade.
Dettman, Charles C— Pvt., 320th Tank Corps.
Detmers, Arthur C — Lieut., Sanitary Corps.
Detrick, Clarence — Pvt., 61st United States Machine
Gun Battalion.
Deuel, Harry 0. — Corp., 803d Aero Squadron.
Later made 1st Lieut, in the Red Cross Society in
France.
Deune, George L. — Sgt., Quartermaster Corps.
Deutschman, Paul — Pvt., Motor Transport Corps.
Deverell, Tarleton O.— Pvt., Co. M, 348th Infantry.
Devine, Edward J. — Pvt. WA.
Devine, J. — Lieut., Aviation.
DeVine, Francis W. — Pvt., 29th Engineers.
Devine, John F. — Pvt., Students' Army Training Corps.
Devine, Wm.— Pvt., Co. B, 309th Infantry.
Devits, James— Pvt., Co. G, 307th Infantry. WA
September 12, 1918.
Devlin, John C— Pvt., 44th Service Co., Signal Corps.
Dewey, Guy C— Sgt., Co. F, 147th Engineers.
Dewl, Jesse A.— Pvt., 321st Tank Corps.
Dexter, Merle C. — Pvt., Air Service.
Deyo, Harrison J. — WA.
Deyott, Raymond J.— Corp., Co. E, 311th Infantry.
WA September 12, 1918.
Diagostino, Antonie — Pvt., Co. N, 21st Engineers.
Diagostino, Caneo — Corp., Supply Co., 446th Motor
Transport Corps.
Diahms, Otto— Pvt., Machine Gun Co., 311th Infantry.
Dibble, Leon J.— Sgt., Co. M, 23d Infantry. WA June
5, 1918; September 14, 1918.
DiBello, Gastan.
DiBlasi, James — Pvt., Medical Detachment, Base Hosp.
DiCarlo, Anthony— Pvt., Co. G, 307th Inf. Killed by
auto in Buffalo, December 18, 1919.
Dichey, David Henry — Lieut., Quartermaster Corps.
Dick, Arthur — Pvt., Co. C, 12th Ammunition Train.
Dickerson, Ray— Sgt., Battery C, 349th Field Artillery.
Dickinson, Albert— Pvt., 37th Co., 153d Depot Brigade.
Dickinson, Edward L. — Pvt., Co. H, 33d Engineers.
Dickinson, Sandford H. — Lieut., Co. I, 307th Infantry.
WG October 17, 1918.
Dideh, Toney— Pvt., 153d Depot Brigade.
Diebold. Edward A.— Pvt. WA.
Diebold, George — Lieut.
Diebolt, Andrew W.— Co. B, 37th Engineers.
Diedrich, John E.— Corp., 116th Adm. Co. A, S. C.
Diefenbach, William E. — Lieut., Base Hospital 8.
Diegel, Arthur— Corp., Co. C, 106th Supply Train.
Diem, Frank C— Sgt., 50th Machine Gun Battalion.
Dierich, Otto T.— Pvt., Co. M.— 311th Infantry. WA
October 26, 1918.
Dietrich, Alphonse — Pvt., Supply Co., 348th Infantry.
Dietrich, Joseph — Pvt., Headquarters Troop Cavalry.
Dietroch, William — Pvt., Headquarters Co., 311th In-
fantry. WA November 3, 1918.
Diehl, Oscar B. — Air Craft Production.
Diemer, Nelson A.— Pvt., Battery E 334th F. A.
Diener, Justin F. — Pvt., Ordnance Department.
Diederick, George A. — Pvt., Ordnance Department.
Dierdorf, Albert — Pvt., 1st Field Artillery.
Dierdorf, Anthony J. — Pvt., Troop G, 15th Cavalry.
Dierdorf, Frederick W.— Pvt., Co. E, 28th Infantry.
Dierford, William J. — Corp., 12th Trench Mortar Bat.
Dierich, Otto J.— Pvt. WA.
Dietrich, William— Pvt., Headquarters, 310th Inf. WA.
Dietrich, Wm A. — Pvt., Students' Army Training Corps.
Dietz, Anthony — Pvt., 346th Co., Ambulance Corps.
Dietz, Sherman E. — Pvt., Co. D, 51st Pioneer Infantry.
Dietzel, Frank— Corp., Co. C, 302d Engineers.
Dietzel, Otto — Corp., 7th Regiment.
Dietzman, Albert— Pvt., Co. H, 75th Infantry.
Dietzman, Edward — Pvt., Co. B, 47th Battalion.
Dietzer, Donald D.— Pvt., Co. D, 3d Provisional O. S.S.
Officers' Training School.
Dietzer, Mortimer — Lieut., Headq'rs. Co., 51st Pioneers.
Digesaro, Angelo — Pvt., 12th Co.
Diggins, William — Pvt., 21st Battalion.
Digiocomo, Daniel A. — Pvt., Provost Guard.
Dilger, Michael James — Corp., 875th Aero Repair Sqd.
Dill, Gustave J.— Corp., Headquarters Co., 306th Field
Artillery. WA November 15, 1918.
Dill, Harry M. — First Army Replacement Depot, 7th
Regiment.
Dill, William E.— Corp.. Co. B. 308th Machine Gun Bat.
Dillenmuth, Fred W. — Pvt., 301st Co., Quartermaster
Corps.
Dillemuth, Henry G.— Corp., Battery C, 60th F. A.
Dillon, Frank A.— Pvt., 2d Co., Unit 302.
Dillon, Jeremiah C. — 35th Regiment.
DiLucia, Frank J.— Pvt., Co. H, 348th Infantry.
Dils, Arthur A.— Pvt., 238th Co., Base Hospital.
DiMane, Tony — Pvt.
DiMaria, Lawrence J. — Pvt., Co. K, 29th Engineers.
DiMareo, Sarnie — Medical Detachment.
Dimeos, Bernard H.— Pvt., Co. H, 348th Infantry.
DiNatale, Gaetano.
U. S. Army
529
Dinardo, Daniel— Pvt., Battery B, 311th Field Artillery.
Dingboom, Herman J. — Pvt., Co. B, 303d Engineers.
Danowski, Adam E.— Pvt., Battery A, 60th F. A.
DiPirro, Nicholas— Pvt., Co. I, 311th Infantry. WA
October 23, 1918.
Dipuno, Giuseppe — Pvt., Supply Co., 320.
Dirnberger, Lawrence V. — Pvt., Quartermaster Corps.
DiSalvo, John— Pvt., 152d Depot Brigade.
DiSalvo, Joseph— Pvt., Co. G, 326th Infantry.
Disbeck, Clarence L. — Sgt., 501st Engineers.
Distelano, Giuseppe — Pvt. WA.
Distler, Edward L. — Pvt., Co. I, 59th Pioneer Infantry.
Ditale, Joseph — WA.
Ditmers, A. C. — 1st Lieut., Medical Detachment.
Dittman, Arthur T.— 802d Truck Co.
Dittman, Harold G. — Battery Mechanic, Battery F,
3d Field Artillery.
Dittman, Fred J.— Pvt., Band, 12th Cavalry.
Dittman, J. Fred — Corp., Co. D, 1st Battalion Infantry
Dittman, Harry — Farrier, Veterinary Corps, 104th
Field Artillery. WA October, 1918.
Divito, James— Pvt., Co. G, 307th Infantry.
Dixon, George — Corp., Co. E, 63d Pioneers.
Dixon, Harold — WA.
Dixon, Jasper D. — Pvt., Headquarters Co., 336th F. A.
Dixon, Willard E. — Lieut., Quartermaster Corps.
Dobler, Charles M.— Cook, Co. A, 39th Tank Corps.
Dobbins, Maxwell— Pvt. WA.
Dobe, Fred— Pvt., Battery A, 34th Field Artillery.
Dobe, Walter— Pvt., S. A. T. C. (Cornell.)
Doberstein, Andrew — Pvt., 51st Pioneer Infantry.
Dobmeier, John — Pvt., Co. F, 11th Engineers.
Dobrowolski, Sylvester — Pvt., Co. A, Machine Gun
Battahon, 4th Division. WA September, 1918.
Doctor, Hicenty— Pvt., Co. G, 309th Infantry.
Dodds, William K.— Sgt., 3d Co., Machine Gun Bat.
Dodge, Harold A.— WA.
Doebert, Harry W.— Sgt., 12th Co., 2d A. S. M. A.
Doebert, Martin H.— Sgt, 476th Co., 419th M. T. T.
Doehring, Walter A.— Pvt., Ambulance Co. S. S. U. 509.
G at Villa Cotteret Woods.
Doelman, Leonard W. — Pvt., Co. E, S. A. P. Aviation.
Doenitz, Frederick C. — Pvt., Evacuation Hospital 15.
Doerflein, Chas. L. — Corp., Co. M, 51st.
Doerflein, Ralph A. — Corp., Battalion F, 7th Regiment.
Doering, August R. — Pvt., 104th Aviation.
Doerner, Frank P.— Pvt., Battery E. Field Artillery R.D.
Doeiner, George A. — Corp., 302d Engineers.
Doerr, C. Norman — Pvt., Quartermaster Corps.
Dorsch, John W.— Pvt., Co. B, 302d M. G. Bn.
Doherty, Ellsworth J.— Pvt., Co. A, 336th Machine
Gun Battalion.
Doherty, George C— Sgt., U. S. Postal Service 732d.
Doherty, Robert E.— Wagoner, 36th Tank Corps.
Doherty, James — Pvt., Base Hospital 23.
Doherty, John A.— Sgt., 3d Co., 153d Depot Brigade.
Doika, John— Pvt., Troop B, 17th Cavalry.
Doika, Michael — Pvt., 302d Co., Quartermaster Corps.
Dolan, John P.— Pvt., Co. I, 307th Infantry.
Doll, Henry J.— Surgeon, S. A. T. C.
Doll, Herbert C— Pvt., 276th Aero Squadron.
Doll, John— Pvt., Co. C, 128th Reg't. WG.
Domagal, Stanley E. — Pvt., 869th Aero Squadron.
Domagola, Harry V. — Sgt., 153d Depot Brigade.
Domagalla, N. H. — Sgt., 93d Pioneer Infantry.
Domalski, Martin— Pvt., Mach. Gun Bat., 147th Inf.
Dombrowski, Antoni — Pvt., Co. F, 148th Infantry.
Dombrowski, John — Sgt., Cook School.
Dombrowski, Joseph — Pvt., Headquarters Co. ,346th Inf.
Dombrowski, Leon A. — Corp., Co. H, 7th Infantry.
WA October 12, 1918.
Dombrowski, Stanley A. — Pvt., Casual Co., 19th Reg't.
Domedion, George — Cook, Replacement Co., 2d Provi-
sional Regiment.
Domiano, Sapia — Pvt., 4th Co., 11th Regiment.
Dominiak, Joseph — Pvt., Co. B, 50th Engineers.
Dominick, Stanley— Pvt., Co. A, A. B. R. D.
Dominaco, Calogero.
Dominy, Melville J. — Corp., 51st Pioneer Infantry.
Dominick, John H.— Sgt., Co. E, S. A. T. C.
Dommer, Frank — Pvt., 379th Motor Transport Corps.
Dommer, Louis — Pvt., Co. A, 70th Engineers.
Dommer, Walter — Cook, Headquarters Co., 302d Eng.
Domnick, Edward M. — Pvt., Co. C, Rail Detachment,
16th Engineers.
Domras, Philip C. — Bugler, 26th Headquarters Co..
Donahue, William J.— Pvt., 83d Co., Tank Corps.
Donahue, Michael— Pvt., Co. B, 307th Infantry. WA
June 24, 1918.
Donahugh, Raymond W. — Pvt.
Donaldson, Eames — Cadet, Air Service School.
Donaldson, John T.— Corp., Co. F, 106th Supply Train.
Donati, R.— Pvt., 137th Co., Ordnance F. D.
Donavan, William J. — Cook.
Donehue, Ray G. — Wagoner, Supply Co., 36th F. A.
Donnelly, Francis J. — Ist-class Pvt., Tank Corps.
Donnelly, Harold J. — Pvt., Ambulance Corps.
Donley, Arthur J.— Pvt., Co. A, 309th Infantry.
Donohue, Dennis J. — Pvt., 64th Co., Engineer Corps.
Donohue, Joseph M. — Pvt., Machine Gun Co., 307th
Infantry. WG June 24, 1918.
Donohue, F. — Pvt., Co. H, 21st Engineers.
Donohue, Harold P.— Sgt., 344th Labor Battalion.
Donop, Harold K. — 156th Aero Squadron.
Donovan, Edward W.— Pvt., S. A. T. C.
Donovan, Timothy F. — Capt., 23d Co., Base Hospital.
Donovan, William J.— Cook, Co. B, 309th Infantry.
Donovan, William J. — Colonel, 165th Infantry. WA
.July 25, 1918, WA October 15, 1918.
Cited. Distinguished Service Cross: Croix de Guerre.
Awarded Italian War Cross. King Victor's citation reads: "His
Majesty, the King of Italy. Victor Emmanuel III, has deigned to
confer on you the Italian War Cross in recognition of the gallantry
you have shown and of the merit you have acquired for the com-
mon cause, even though you have not fought on Italian soil."
Doody, John J.— Pvt., Co. C, 61st. WA October 30, '18.
Dooley, Edward F.— Pvt., S. A. T. C.
Dooley, Joseph S.— Pvt. WA October 1918.
Doorte, John C— Lieut., Battery A, 307th F. A.
Doran, Edward J., D.D.S.— Pvt., 4th Medical Records
Detachment Infantry.
Doran, John A.— Pvt., Co. A, 59th.
Dories, Anthony— Pvt., Co. D, 307th Infantry. WA
September 7. 1918.
530
Buffalo's Part in the World War
Dorolrala, Joseph F.— Pvt., Co. B, 306th Infantry.
Dorsch, William — 336th Aero Squadron.
Dorscheid, Norbert~Pvt., Machine Gun Co., 311th
Infantry. WA September 21, 1918.
Dorsheimer, Albert R.— Pvt., 7th Co., 157th Depot Brig.
Dorsheimer, Edward — Corp., 479th Co., Motor Trans.
Dory, Joseph J. — Pvt.
Doscher, George C— Pvt., Co. K, 345th Infantry.
Dotterweich, John M. — Sgt., Co. E, Proving Grounds.
Dotterweich, Joseph H. — Lieut., Co. A, 6th Bn. Tr.Art.
Dougan, Charles A.— Corp., 458th Co., 418th M. S. T.
Dougan, John H. — Pvt., 14th Co., Quartermaster Corps.
Doughan, Edward— Pvt., Co. A, 346th Infantry.
Doughan, John — Sgt., Headquarters Co., 6th Brigade.
Dougherty, Edward P. — Pvt., Chauffeurs Detachment.
Dougherty, Felix J.— Pvt. WA.
Dougherty, Harold E.— Pvt., Co. K, 51st Pioneer Inf.
Dougherty, Roy — Sgt., Quartermaster Corps.
Dougherty, Thomas R.— Pvt., Co. I, 309th Infantry.
Douglas, Albert E. — Corp., Co. K, 7th Infantry.
Douglas, Reginald B. — 3d Brigade.
Douns, Stanley — Pvt., Headquarters Co., M. T. S.
Douris, John A. — Sgt.,Headq'rs Co., 346th Service Bn.
Douris, Stanley Wm. — Pvt., Despatch Rider, Head-
quarters 27th Division.
Cited for valiant service at the Hindenburg Line for carrying
despatches.
Douse, Arthur P. — Pvt., Headquarters Co., 345th Inf.
Douse, John J.— Pvt., Battery E, 46th F. A. WA.
Douthwaite, Godfrey— Sgt., Co. C, 102d Am. Train.
Douthwaite, Norman E. — Lieut., Co. E, 327th Infantry.
Dowd, Bernard J.— Mess Sgt., Co. G, 309th Infantry.
WG September 1918.
Dowd, Thomas — Corp., Co. B, 61st Ammunition Train.
Dowd, William H.— Sgt., Co. C, 39th Engineers.
Dowdell, John T.— Pvt., Casual Co.
Dowdsell, Patrick — Pvt., 104th Ammunition Train.
Dowdell, Michael J. — Corp., 639th Aero Squadron.
Dowis, James L. — Corp. WA.
Dowley, George D. — Pvt., 153d Depot Brigade.
Downey, David H. — Pvt.
Downey, John J. — Corp., Battalion F, 1st Regiment.
Downey, Richard — Sgt., Stevedores.
Downs, Alfred W.— Pvt., Battery D, 36th Field Art.
Downs, Harold — Pvt.
Dow-ns, Frederick W. — Lieut., Staff, Air Service.
Dowser, Edward J. — Wagoner, 7th Trench Mortar
Battery. WA September 29, 1918.
Doyle, John C. — Ordnance Department.
Doyle, John T.— Pvt., Co. M, 345th Infantry.
Doyle, Morris F.— Pvt., Battery E, 344th F. A.
Doyle, Wm. D. — Sgt., Quartermaster Corps.
Drabik, Joseph — Pvt., Co. I, Casual Detachment.
Draddy, Kevin F.— Pvt., Co. A, 339th Infantry.
Drahms, John — Corp., 86th Aero Squadron.
Drake, Harry L. — Corp., Casual Detachment.
Drankhan, Frank S.— Pvt., Co. B, 302d Engineers WA
August 12, 1918.
Drankhan, Joseph C— Pvt., Co. B, 303d Am. Train.
Draper, Walter S.— Pvt., Utility Co., Q. C.
Dreschel, Norman C— Pvt., Co. B, 45th Battalion.
Dreher, Rudolph, Jr.— Pvt. WA.
Drellich, Abraham.
Drennan. Langdon D.— Pvt., Co. C, 102d Field Signal
Battalion.
Dreux, Alexander J.— Lieut., Co. G, O. T. S.
Drescher, Casper J. — Pvt., 503d Aero Squadron.
Drescher, John J. — Pvt., Co. 4, 15th Regiment.
Dreseler, — Cook, Machine Gun Co., 309th Infantry.
WA September 18, 1918.
Drewelon, John L. — Pvt., 5th Co., 153d Depot Brigade.
Drews, Anthony — Pvt., Medical Corps, 309th Infantry.
WG September, 1918.
Drews, Charles — Pvt., 306th Sup. Infantry.
Drews, Charles— Pvt., Co. H, 345th Infantry.
Drews, Joseph G. — Pvt.
Dre.xelius, Joseph E. — Pvt., 68th Infantry.
Drexelius, Carl — Sgt., Base Hospital 23.
Drexler, Harry A. — Corp., 61st Machine Gun Co.
Dreyfuss, Jerome — Pvt , Headquarters Co., 302d Eng.
Dreyfuss, Milton— Pvt., S. A. T. C.
Driscoll, Denis — Sgt., Stevedore Regiment.
Driscoll, Florence— Pvt., Co. I, 307th Infantry.
Driscoll, Jeremiah — Pvt., Coast Artillery Corps.
Driscoll, James D. — Corp., 307th Field Hospital.
Driscoll, John J.— Pvt., 303d Stevedores.
Driscoll, John J. — Sgt., 801st Stevedores.
Driscoll, Michael J.— Pvt., Co. F, 309th Infantry. WG
October 22, 1918.
Driscoll, Michael J.— Sgt. WA.
Driscoll, William— Pvt., Co. F, 307th Infantry. WA
September 9, 1918.
Drummond, Eari F.— Mechanic, 39th Co., 10th Re-
construction Battalion.
Drumsta, Bruno B. — Pvt., Co. C, 502d Engineers.
Drumsta, Walter D.— Pvt., Co. D, 312th A. T.
Drzeweicki, .John— Pvt., Co. C, 306th. WA July 1918.
Drzewsicki, Walter F. — Pvt. Co. K, Overseas Conva-
lescent Detachment.
Drzewiecki, Stanley J. — Pvt., Machine Gun Co., 58th Inf.
Duchauski, Stanley F.— Pvt., 512th Co., 423d Motor
Supply Train.
Duchscherer, Fred P.— Ist-class Pvt., Co. G, 307th Inf.
Ducker, Ra>Tnond W. — Pvt., Co. D, Erie Proving Gds.
Duckfelder, Joseph— Pvt., Co. H, 306th Infantry.
Ducro, Gregory J. — Pvt., Headquarters Co., Air Ser-
vice, 1st Pursuit Group.
Dudkowski, John A.— Pvt., 36th Co., 152d Depot Brig.
Dudkowski, John— Pvt., 23d Co., 6th Training Bat.
Dudkowski, Joseph J. — Corp., Co. B, 347th Infantry.
Dudley, John E. — Lieut., 100th Aero Squadron.
Dudziak, Michael— Pvt., 12th Co., 152d Depot Brigade.
Duerr, Albert L.— Pvt., Co. D, 347th Infantry.
Duerr, Charles F.— Bugler, Battery E, 334th F. A.
Dueer, Edward J.— Pvt., Battery E, 334th F. A.
Duffy, Nat. — French Aviation.
Cited. Croix De Guerre.
Dugan, Neil J.— Corp., Co. I, 307th Infantry. WA
September 9, 1918.
Duggan, Leo. M.— Pvt., S. A. T. C.
Duggan, Joseph J. — Pvt., Military Police.
Duke, Angelo — Pvt., 6th Trench Mortar Battery.
U. S. Army
531
Dumble, Milton — Corp.
Dunbar, Davis T.— Major, 27th, 54th Brig. Staff.
Duncan, Russell H.— Pvt., Co. B, 306th Infantry. WA
October 4, 1918.
Dungan, Paul — Candidate 2.3d Co., Officers' Training
School.
Dunham, Roy E.~Sgt., Battery A, 84th Field Artillery.
Dunkowski, Walter — 154th Depot Brigade.
Dunlap, Jack — Corp. WA.
Dunlap, John N. M. — Pvt., Casual Co., Edgewood
Arsenal.
Dunlop, John M. — Ist-class Pvt., Chemical Warfare
Service.
Dunn, Ralph J. — Students' Army Training Corps.
Dunning, Charles J.— Pvt., Co. C, 18th Infantry. WG
May 2, 1918.
Dunning, Edward— Pvt., 307th Infantry.
Dunpfl, George Jr. — Pvt., 51st Pioneers.
Dunwoodie, Richard H. — Corp., Co. C, 302d Engineers.
WA October 14, 1918.
DePlante, James F. — Musician, Headquarters Co.,
55th Pioneers.
Durbin, William 0. — Lieut., 302d Engineers. WG
September, 1918.
Durby, Archie — Pvt., Camp Hancock.
Durick, Edward T. — Wagoner, Headquarters, 308th
Machine Gun Battalion.
Durkin, Andrew J.— Sgt., Co. G, 309th Infantry. WG
October, 1918.
Durham, James E. — Sgt.
Awarded Distinguished Service Cross.
Durski, Michael — Pvt., Co. K, 35th Engineers.
Durshordive, C. J. H.— Sgt. Major, Co. E, 7th Head-
quarters, 1st Army Replacement Depot.
Durshordive, Michael — Co. C, 59th Pioneer Infantry.
Duryea, Henry D.— 1st Lieut., M. C. U. S. A., Base
Hospital No. 13.
Dusel, Albert F. — 2d Information, Camp Di,x.
Dusenburg, Frank A. — Pvt., Battalion, 5th.
Duszynski, Frank — Pvt. WA.
Duszynski, Stephen A. — Pvt., Co. E, 311th Infantry.
WG October 14, 1918.
Dutcher, C. Arthur — Lieut.. Air Service.
Dutcher, Frank R.— Corp., 69th Photo Sec, Air Service.
Duttweiler, Walter R.— Pvt., Co. B, 60th Infantry.
Dvorlek, A. — Pvt., Quartermaster Corps.
Dwyer, Edw. J.— Corp., Co. B, 307th Infantry.
Dwyer, John P. — Sgt., Base Hospital.
Dwyer, Leo A. — Pvt., 12th Cavalry.
Dyke, George A. — Pvt., 303d Engineers.
Dylowski, Stanley — Corp., Co. A, 128th Engineers.
Dziadarzek, John— Pvt., 310th Co., Guard Fire.
Dzimian, Adam — Pvt., Infantry Training Center.
Dzimian, Valentine — Pvt., Co. L, 4th.
Dzitcowski, Leo S. — Pvt., Co. A, 120th Engineers.
Dzrewonski, Teodor B. — Pvt., Co. 7th, Polish Army.
Eagen, James — Pvt., Co. C, 49th Engmeers.
Eardman, Edward G. — Pvt., Hoboken Port Embark'n.
Earl, Frank W. — Pvt., Camp Meade.
Earnst, Daniel H.— Pvt., 8th Field Artillery.
Eaton, Arthur C— Corp., 310th Field Artillery.
Eaton, Russell L. — Sgt., 311th Ambulance Corps.
Easterberg, G. L.— Corp., Co. C, 603d Engineers. WA
November 10, 1918.
Ebeel, Joseph J.— Pvt., Co. D, 309th Infantry.
Eberhardt, Albert— Corp., 100th Co. 21st Grd. Div.
Trans. Corps.
Eberhardt, George F. — Pvt., Co. E, 1st Army Replace-
ment Depot.
Eberle, Charles— 302d Am. Train. WG June 21, 1918.
Eberle, Eugene— Sgt., Co. F, 303d Engineers.
Eberhardt, Robert— Pvt., Co. F, 325th Infantry.
Eberlin, Earl F.— Pvt., Batt. A, 23d October Automa-
tice Replacement Draft.
Eck, Cletus R.— Air Service.
Ecker, Albert H.— Pvt., Co. E, 326th Infantry.
Eckart, Leo A. — Pvt., 534th Casual Company.
Eckert, George— Pvt., Co. B, 302d Engineers.
Eckert, Lawrence — Corp., Co. F, 4th Supply Train.
Eckert, John J.— Pvt., Headquarters Co., 306th Inf.
Eckert, Wallace B.— Pvt., Motor Transport Corps.
Edbauer, Howard J.— Sgt., Co. H, 311th Infantry.
Eddy, Elmer S.— L. E. Q., Electric Training School.
Eddy, Earl P.— Pvt. WA November 11, 1918.
Eddy, George J.— Sgt., Co. H, 309th Infantry. WA
October 18, 1918.
Eddy, Valora D.— Pvt., Medical Detachment, 312th
Field Signal Battalion.
Edelman, Abraham — Pvt., Machine Gun Co., 309th
Infantry. WA October 2, 1918.
Edelman, Carl F. — Pvt., Headquarters.
Edelman, Walter R.— Ist-class Pvt., Co. B, 302d Engrs.
Eder, Albert J.— Pvt., Co. G, 348th Infantry.
Eder, Louis A.— Pvt., Co. B, 344th Machine Gun Bat.
Edson, Francis H. — Lieut., British Royal Air Force.
Edwards, Charles H.— Lieut., 307th Fire Gurad.
Edwards, David T.— Sgt., Co. H, 309th Infantry. WG
August 4, 1918.
Edwards, Edison R.— Pvt., Co. B, 303d Am. Train.
Edwards, Ralph A.— Pvt., Co. A, 328th Infantry. WG
September 1918.
Eger, Edward— Pvt. WA August 18, 1919.
Eger, Richard— Pvt., Co. B., 306th Infantry. WA.
August 17, 1918.
Eggler. Louis F. — Postal Express Service.
Egner, Wm. F. — Erie Proving Grounds.
Egner, Wm. T.— Pvt., 69th Balloon Company.
Ehde, Harold G.— Pvt., Co. G, 307th Infantry. WA
July 13, 1918.
Ehde, R. L. — Corp., 22d Ordnance Guards.
Ehlert, Edward B.— Pvt., 2d Co., Army Service Corps.
Ehlert, Fred C— Pvt., Co. G, 21st Engineers.
Eibl, Frank Geo.— Pvt., 310th F. A. M. P.
Eibl, John J. — Corp., 57th Machine Gun Battalion.
Eich, George — Sgt., Casual Co., 363d Machine Gun
Battalion.
Eichman, John, Jr. — Corp., Base Hospital 23.
Eidurson, Ureal— Pvt., Co. B, 7th Battalion, U. S. G.
Eifert, William F.— Pvt., Co. K, 345th Infantry.
Eigenbrod, Fredk. G. — Corp., Chemical Warfare Serv.
Eighmy, Manley G.— Lieut., 27th Co., Central Officers'
Training School.
532
Buffalo's Part in the World War
Eilbert, Lester F. — Capt., Pres. Aviation Examination
Board.
Eilitz, Henry G.— Pvt., 883d Aero Squadron.
Eimer, George — Pvt., 303d Ammunition Train.
Eimer, Michael.
Eimiller, Burt F. — Lieut., Co. B, 1st Infantry.
Eimiller, Leo J. — Pvt., Machine Gun Co., 311th Inf.
Eimiller, Ross G.— Pvt., Tank Corps.
Eimiller, Wm. C— Sgt., 309th Field Hospital.
Eisele, Frank H.— 7th Corps, P. M. S.
Eisele, Wm. S. — Sgt., Central Officers' Training School.
Eisenberger, Edw. W. — Corp., Co. H, 345th Infantry.
Eisenman, Albert G. — Corp., 22d Infantry.
Eisensmith, Walter W. — Corp., 319th Tank Company.
Eiskant, Christopher— Pvt., Co. B, 302d Engineers.
Eiskant, John J.— Corp., Co. D, 307th Infantry. WA
June 18, 1918.
Eiskant, Peter P.— Pvt., Co. A, 346th Infantry.
Eiss, Weller G.— Pvt., Medical Detachment, 106th
Supply Train.
Eityect, John — Cook and Baker School.
Elberron, Andrew C. — Aviation Signal Corps.
Elden, C. Arthur — Sgt., Chemical Warfare, WA May
and September 1918.
Elden, Howard E. — Pvt., Sanitary Corps.
Eldridge, Chas. W.— Sgt., 323d Fire Truck Company.
Elley, Raymond— Pvt., 302d Sanitary Train.
Elkington, Gordon D.— Pvt., Battery B, 58th F. A.
Eller, Edward C— Sgt., S. A. T. C.
Ellerstein, Jacob — Pvt.
Elliott, Chas. W.— Sgt., 410th Telephone Battalion.
Elliott, Warner — Pvt., Machine Gun Battalion. WA
September 30, 1918.
Ellicott, George W.— Corp., 2d Co., Central Machine
Gun and Training School.
Ellis, Elmer E.— Cook, Cooks School.
Ellis, .Jerome R.— Pvt., 14th Co., 1st R. R. M. T. Co.
Ellis, John J.— Sgt., Co. C, 303d Ammunition Train.
Ellis, Michael— Pvt., 157th Depot Brigade.
Ellison, Albert R.— Lieut., Machine Gun Co., 301st Inf.
Ellsworth, L. Nelson — 1st Aid Hospital Corps.
Elmore, Nelson A. M.— 2d Officer, U. S. Steam Engr.
School.
Elmore, Frank B.— Pvt., Battery A, 305th F. A.
Elsaesser, Otto H. — Lieut., Co. A, 61st Infantry.
Elsaesser, Wm. C. J.— Corp., Co. A, 502d Battalion
Engineers.
Elsaesser, Charles F.— Sgt., 19th Infantry.
Elsesser, Leland E.— Sgt., 309th Machine Gun Bat-
talion. WA October 16, 1918.
Eisner, Sidney N. — Lieut., Camp Meigs, Wash.
Elworthy, Wm. G.— Pvt., Military Police.
Emerick, Frank E.— Pvt., Headquarters Co., 307th Inf.
Emerson, Clarence L. — Pvt., Medical Corps.
Endres, Charles— Pvt., 3d Co., C. M.
Emerson, Harry A. — Pvt., Ordnance Department.
Emerick, Howard L. — Pvt., Machine Gun Company,
348th Infantry.
Emge, Adam L.
Emslie, Percy G.— Ist-class Pvt., 329th Battalion,
Tank Corps.
Endres, Fred— Pvt., 303d Sanitary Train.
Endres, Albert L. — Corp., Co. C, 302d Engineers.
Endres, Joseph F.— Pvt., Co. A, 346th Infantry.
Engel, Daniel C— Pvt., Base Hospital 23.
Engel, Ed. Theo.— Pvt., 348th Infantry.
Engel, George J. — Pvt., Base Hospital 6.
Engel, Harold J. — Corp., 342d Remount Squadron.
Engelbert, Walter G.— Cook, Co. E, 309th Inf. WA
Engelbert, John F.— Ist-class Pvt., Co. E, 348th Inf.
Engelhardt, Bernhardt F.— Co. A, 346th Infantry.
Engelhardt, Edward— Pvt., Co. A, 314th Am. Train.
Engelhardt, Herbert J. — Pvt., October Automatic Re-
placement Draft, Postal Express Service.
Engelhaupt, Bernard — Corp., 63d Trans.
Engle, Albert A.— Pvt., 3d Co., 99th Division.
Engler, Walter F.— Pvt., Supply Co., 347th Infantry.
English, John B.— Cadet, 2d Co., E. O. T. S.
Enlow, Thomas— Lieut.,25th Co., Casual Officers P.W.E.
Enright, George M. — Pvt., 304th Ammunition Train.
Enright, Herbert W.— Pvt., Battery C, 60th F. A.
Enright, Thomas V.— Pvt., Co. G, 311th Infantry.
Enser, George J. — 48th Training Battalion, Central
Officers' Training School.
Ensley, Ernest— Pvt., Co. L, 63d Pioneers.
Enslin, Louis W.— Pvt., Co. D, G. H. Q. Battalion.
Enlow.Thomas- Lieut.,25th Co., Casual Officers P.W.E.
Erb, Henry M. — Lieut., Medical Supply.
Erckert, Louis R. — Wagoner, Co. C, 102d Am. Train.
Erfling, Fred. — Sgt., 55th Pioneers.
Erhard, A. J. — Co. E, 302d Ammunition Train.
Erlanbach, Lester— Sgt., S. A. T. C.
Erhard, Lawrence — Base Hospital 83.
Ermatinger, Raymond H. — Pvt., Co. C, 303d Engineers
Ernst, Henry R. — Pvt., Coast Artillery.
Ernest, Gust. — Pvt., Headquarters, Camp Upton.
Ernest, Howard L. — Musician, 39th Infantry Band.
Ernewein, Charles E. — Pvt., Co. C, 303d Engineers.
Ernewein, Fred P. — Pvt., 307th Infantry.
Ernst, Charles F.— Pvt., 13th Co., 152d Depot Brigade.
Ernst, Walter H.— Pvt., Co. D, 307th Unit, Motor
Transport.
Ernstine, Fred C— Sgt., Co. B, 309th Infantry.
Eron, Anthony H.— Pvt., Co. E, 59th Infantry. WA
August 5. 1918.
Errington, Robert — Lieut., 303d Ammunition Train.
Ersing, Nicholas— Pvt., Co. C, 345th Infantry.
Ertel, Edward A. — Driver, Canadian Engineers.
Ertel, Louis— Pvt., Co. M, 308th Infantry.
Ertell, Elmer G. — Co. B, Ordnance Department.
Ertmann, Adam — Pvt., 101st Sanitary Train.
Esah, Alex— Pvt., Co. G, Depot Battalion.
Esch, Joseph J. — Corp., Co. M, 51st Artillery.
Eschner, Richard — Pvt., 1st Provisional Regiment.
Eshelby, A. Carl— Pvt., 43d Transport Corps, 5th R.
R. Division.
Estabrook, Morse W.— Pvt., 23d Co., 6th Battalion.
Esthimer, Leonard — Pvt., Co. F, 61st Infantry. WA
September 29, 1918.
Estry, Samuel T.— Sgt., 33d Co., 9th Battalion.
Ettlinger, Michael— Pvt., Co. C, 302d Engineers.
Etzrodt, Albert— Pvt., Co. F, 306th Infantry.
U. S. Army
533
Etzradt, Edward— Pvt., Co. G, 348th Infantry.
Euller, Geo. L.— Pvt., Battery B, 336th Field Artillery.
Fuller, Wm. L.— Pvt., 335th Machine Gun Battalion.
Evans, Edwin B. — Lieut., Aviation.
Evans, Clement — Pvt., Co. A, 5th Development Bat.
Evans, Edwin F. — Cook, 13th Anti-Aircraft Battalion.
Evans, Irvin.— Sgt., 38th Inf. Machine Gun Co. G.
Evans, John H. — Capt., Medical Corps.
Evans, Thomas— Pvt., Co. I, 307th Infantry.
Evens, William H.— Pvt., 304th Remount, Quarter-
master Corps.
Everhart, John H.— Sgt., 360th Co., M. S. T. W.
Everett, Albert E.— Pvt., Supply Co., 328th Infantry.
Everett, Perry M. — Pvt., Hospital, Camp Morrison.
Everr, Edward M. — 355th Labor Battalion.
Evers, William V. — Headquarters Co., 308th Machine
Gun Battalion.
Everson, Nelson T. — Pvt. ,154th Brigade Headq'rs. WA.
Ewan, Edward W.— Pvt., 303d Engineers.
Ewele, Edward — Pvt., 1st Development Battalion.
Ewin, Alfred O.— Pvt., Co. G, 326th Infantry.
Ewert, Edward L.— Pvt., Co. A, 346th Infantry.
Ewine, William — 1st Co., 6th Regiment.
Ewing, Edwin L.— Sgt., Co. A, 16th Machine Gun Bat.
Eydt, Harold J.— Co. F, 310th Inf. WA Nov. 1, 1918.
Fabbiano, Ruco— Pvt., Co. G, 133d Infantry.
Faber, John C— Pvt., Reg. Sta. JA PO 921, A. E. F.
Fabiszewski, Charles J.— Pvt. Co. A, 106th Supply Tr'n.
Fabiszewski, Peter P.— Pvt., 25th Co., 7th Battalion.
Faehr, Frank F. — Pvt., 4th Co., Army Service Corps.
Fahy, Robert— Pvt., Co. B, 312th Engineers.
Faldrowicz, John — Pvt. WA.
Falkowski, Walter — Co. C, 1st Battalion, Infantry.
Faller, Harry— Pvt., Co. D, 305th Machine Gun Bat.
Faltisco, Andrew — Pvt., Co. A, 35th Engineers. WA.
Falton, Frank — Pvt., Co. C, 312th Ammunition Train.
Faragher, John J. — Pvt., Co. A, 58th Engineers.
Farey, William J. — Pvt., Headquarters, 311th Infantry.
WA October 21, 1918.
Farley, Alford J.— 1st Lieut., Co. D, 307th Machine
Gun Battalion.
Farnham, William H. — 2d Lieut., Headq'rs, 2d Army.
Farraeca, Angelo — Co. B, 348th Infantry.
Farrell, Edward — Pvt., 301st Unit, Quartermaster Corp.
Farrell, Ernest J.— Sgt. WA.
Farell, George J.— Sgt., Co. B, 311th Motor Transport
Corps.
Farell, James E.— Pvt., Battery A, 36th Field Artillery.
Farrell, James E. — 2d Lieut., Quartermaster Corps.
Farrell, John T. — 1st Sgt., Gen'l Records, Reg. Army.
Farrell, Leonard — Sgt., 102d Engineers.
Farrell, Richard H. — 1st Sgt., Headquarters, Chemical
Warfare Service.
Farrell, Thomas P.— Pvt., 18th Battalion. WA Sep-
tember 26, 1918.
Farrell, William M.— Pvt., Battery A, Canadian Ex-
peditionary Forces, Field Artillery.
Farrino, Louis— Pvt., Battery E, 69th Field Artillery.
Farum, .James T. — Corp. WA.
Faso, Egnatio — Pvt., 9th Machine Gun Battalion.
Faust, Herbert C. — Aviation Corps.
Faux, Augustus J.— Corp., Co. C, 326th Infantry. WA
October 16, 1918.
Fay, Edward N. — Lieut., Claims Department, A. E. F. '
Fayfield, Robert H.— Artillery.
Fearon, Frank S. — Corp., Supply Co., 309th Infantry.
Fearon, Harold G.— Pvt., Co. A, 334th Bat., Tank Corps.
Fechter, Frank C. — Repair Co., Motor Transport Corps.
Fedders, Theodore C, Jr.— 2d Lieut., Staff Corps,
Motor Transport Corps.
Federichi, Frank — Corp. WA.
Fegen, William M. — Sgt., Quartermaster Corps.
Feigel, John H. — 1st Lieut., Co. F, 1st Engineers. WA
October 16, 1918.
Feinberg, Harry — 1st Lieut., Headquarters, Camp Dix.
Feinberg, Harvey — Pvt., Headquarters.
Feinberg, Max— Pvt., Battery E, 60th Field Artillery.
Feinen, John— Pvt., Co. D, 311th Infantry.
Feinen, Nicholas — Corp., Medical Corps.
Feinle, Chris., Jr.— Pvt., Co. F, 303d Engineers.
Feinle, Jacob G. — Pvt., 5th Co., Automatic Replace-
ment Draft.
Feit, Frank, Jr.— Pvt.
Felber, Arthur — Pvt., 1st Co., October Automatic Re-
placement Draft.
Felckowski, Bronislaw— Pvt., Co. K, 328th Inf. WA.
Felcone, Tony— Pvt. WA.
Felder, John, Jr. — Pvt., 1st Division.
Feldman, Hy — Sgt., 153d Depot Brigade.
Feldman, Jack — Pvt., Headq'rs, Air Service Corps. WA.
Feldman, Leo C— Sgt., Co. C, 327th Infantry.
Feldman, Leroy S.— Ist-class Pvt., Battery D, 33d F. A.
Feldmeyer, Frank J.— Pvt., 16th Co., 152d Depot Brig.
Fell, Charles J. — Pvt., Headquarters, 311th Infantry.
Fell, William J.— Ist-class Pvt., Headq'rs, 345th Inf.
Feller, William J.— Pvt., Co. M, 58th Infantry.
Fellner, Jacob J.— Pvt., 47th Inf. WA Oct. 4, 1918.
Fehringer, Michael A.— Pvt. Co. F, 106th Supply Train.
Fellner, Lawrence J. — Pvt., 307th Infantry.
Fels, Emil R.— Pvt. WA September 29, 1918.
Felschow, Gustav— Pvt., A. O. P. 705.
Felton, Chester C, Jr.— 1st Sgt., Base Hospital 23.
Felton, Harry R. — Ist-class Sgt., Co. C, 56th Engineers.
Feltz, William— 3d Artillery.
Felzer, Joseph E. — Pvt., Co. H, 21st Engineers.
Femmenino, Frank — Pvt.
Fender, Fred G.— Lieut., 11th Co., M. M. Regiment.,
Fenno, Chester W.— Pvt., Co. B, 305th Battalion
Tank Corps.
Fenski, Leo— Corp., Co. G, 348th Infantry.
Fenton, Albert H.— 1st Sgt., 1st Air Service. WG
June 13, 1918.
Fenton, Irving E.— Pvt., 4th Co., M. R. S. 303d Unit
and Motor Transport Corps.
Fenzel, Albert F.— Wagoner, Co. D, 312th Am. Train.
Ferastro, Thomas— Pvt., Co. C, 10th Battalion. WA.
Fergen, Jos. H. — Pvt., Co. G, Infantry.
Ferger, Francis — Sgt., Headquarters, 312th Am. Train.
Ferguson, Edmund R. — 153d Depot Brigade.
Ferguson, John T.
Ferguson, Hugh M. — Pvt.
Ferguson, Stuart A. — Pvt., 12th Ammunition Train.
534
Buffalo's Part in the World War
Ferguson, William L. — Pvt. WA.
Ferno, S. Harold— Rgt. S-M., Headquarters, 41st Div.
Ferrentine, Salvatore— Pvt., 17th Co., 152d D. B.
Ferrick, William K. — Sgt., Headquarters, Camp Dix.
Ferrino, Louis — Battery E, 69th Field Artillery.
Ferry, Bertram— Pvt., Co. A, 306th Infantry.
Ferry, Hy J., Jr.- Pvt., Co. K, 306th Infantry.
Festag, Charles— Pvt., Co. L, 301st Q. C.
Fetes, Geo. B.— Pvt., Co. I, 310th Infantry.
Fetzer, Joseph E. — Pvt., Co. H, 21st Engineers.
Fetzer, William — Corp., Co. A, 326th Infantry.
Feusi. George E. — Musician, 1st Engineers.
Fial, Frank A.— Battery F, 308th Field Artillery.
Fick, Edwin C— Ist-class Pvt., Co. G, 307th Infantry.
Fickenscher, Herbert W. — Corp., Co. F, 311th Infantry.
WA October 18, 1918.
Fiddler, Benjamin A. — Corp., Chemical Warfare Serv.
Fiden, Casper J.— Pvt., Co. C, 87th Division.
Fiedler, Richard L. — Lieut., Air Service.
Fiel, Harry G.— Co. B, 23d Inf. WA Sept. 12, 1918.
Field, Reginald R.— Co. E, 19th Infantry.
Fiest, John — Pvt., Students' Army Training Corps.
Figliolo, Anthony— Pvt., Co. G, 307th Inf. G.
Figlo, A. J.— Pvt. WA.
Filas, John — Pvt., Base Hospital 68.
Filbrick, Harry M. — Pvt., Headquarters, 10th Bat.
Filett. John C— Corp., Co. C, 302d Engineers.
Filioli, Anthony— Pvt. WA.
Fillippe, Sam— Pvt. WA.
Filor, John J.— Pvt., Battery F, 36th Field Artillery.
Filitoch, Alik— Pvt. WA.
Filipiak, Peter E. — Corp., Co. A, 81st Engineers.
Fimiani, Robert J — Corp., 499th Aero Squadron.
Fimiani, Philip — 1st class Pvt., 310th Aero Squadron.
Finch, Arthur A. — Sgt., Ordnance Department.
Finch, Harold R.— Corp., 77th Field Artillery.
Finch, Nathaniel A. — Lieut., Motor Transport Corps.
Finch, Raymond G. — Sgt., Headquarters, 55th Pioneers
Findlay, Lyle A. — 2d Lieut., Base Hospital 141.
Finger, William C— Pvt., Co. C, 312th Engineers.
Finegan, George — 251st Military Police.
Fink, Carl.
Fink, Charles F.— Pvt., Co. C, 118th Engineers.
Fink, George W.— Pvt., Co. C, 303d Am. Train.
Fink, John H.— Pvt., Co. C, 22d Infantry.
Fink, Jacob— Pvt., Co. A, 302d Engineers.
Finkelstein, Morris— Pvt., 10th Co., 154th Depot Brig.
Finley, Ralph J.— Sgt., Co. D, S. T. A. C.
Fin, Albert E.— Corp., Co. E, 61st U. S. Infantry. W
November 1918, Argonne.
Finn, Daniel J. — Sgt., 2d Battalion. 153d Depot Brigade.
Finn. Edward D.— Corp., Co. L, 306th Infantry. WG.
Finn, William J.— Pvt., Co. A, Battalion 36th.
Finn, Thomas — Corp.. Co. A, 39th Infantry.
Finnerty, Edw. P. — Wagoner, Co. C, 303d Am. Train.
Finsterbach, Fred. J. — Cook, 62d Regiment.
Finsterbach, Samuel J. — Cook. W Reed Hospital.
Fiore, Michael— Pvt., Co. F, 307th Infantry.
Fiorella, Nick A. — Pvt., Headquarters, 327th Infantry.
WA September 25, 1918.
Fiorella, Lorito— Pvt., 62d Battalion.
Fischer, A. J.— Sgt., 3d Anti-Air Craft.
Fischer, Geo. E.— Pvt., 6th Co., Base Hospital 3.
Fischer, George J.— Pvt., Co. A, 308th Battalion.
Fischer, Harry P. — Pvt., Construction Division.
Fischer, Lawrence — Co. F, 51st Pioneer Infantry.
Fischer, Nelson M. — Corp., V. C. Remount Station.
Fischer, Urban A. — Lieut., Motor Transport Corps.
Fischle, Clarence R.— Capt., Co. D, 402d Battalion,
Field Signal Corps.
Fischle, George — Pvt., Co. A, Machine Gun Battalion.
Fish, Joseph J.— Sgt. W.
Fish, Raymond J. — Sgt., Base Hospital 23.
Fisci, Oltairo— Pvt.
Fisher, Charles L., .Jr. — French Art. Centre, A. E. F.
Fisher, Emery B. — Pvt., 167th Air Service Squadron.
Fisher, Frank M., Jr.— Sgt., Co. H, 309th Infantry.
Fisher, Fred— 325th Supply Co.
Fisher, Harold J. — 2d Lieut., Air Service.
Fisher, Herbert A. — 2d Lieut., Field Artillery Replace-
ment Troops.
Fisher, Peter — Pvt., Co. B, 59th Pioneer Infantry.
Fisher, Robert— Pvt., Co. D, 302d Engineers.
Fisher, Roy C. — 1st Lieut., 66th Hospital Corps.
Fisher, Richard M. — Mechanic, Battery A, 77th Field
Artillery. WA.
Fisher, William C— Pvt.
Fisher, William J. — Pvt., Co. D, 51st Pioneer Infantry.
Fisk, Geo. C— Capt., Medical Corps.
Fissler, Arthur H. — Corp., Headquarters, 302d Eng'rs.
Fitch, Albert J.— Pvt., 37th Co., 157th Depot Brigade.
Fitsch, Albert E., Jr.— Co. E, 302d Engineers. WG
September, 1918.
Fitsch, Alfred A. — Sgt., Co. B, National Army Train-
ing Detachment.
Fitzgerald, Edward— Co. K, 305th Infantry. WA
October 21, 1918.
Fitzgerald, George — Co. B, 53d Engineers. WA De-
cember 1.
Fitzgerald, James W.— Co. A, 404th R. L. Battalion.
Fitzgerald, Thos. C— Pvt., Co. C, 58th Transport Corps.
Fitzmartin, Adrian T. — Students ' Army Training Corps.
Fitzpatrick, Edwin J. — 143d Squadron, 3d Motor Trans-
port Corps.
Fitzpatrick, L. A.— Corp., Battalion 42d, Can. E. F.
Fitzpatrick, Lawrence T.— Pvt., Co. B, 305th Machine
Gun Battalion.
Fitzpatrick, Timothy W.— Sgt., Co. H, 348th Infantry.
Fitzsimmons, James J. — U. S. Coast Guard.
Fix, Albert E.— Pvt. WA.
Fix, Emil A.— Ist-class Pvt., G, 102d Am. Train.
Fix, Harry J. — Pvt., Headquarters, 113th Infantry.
Fix, John V.— Co. A, 309th Infantry.
Flack, Alfred A. — Students' Army Training Corps.
Flack, Edwin, H.— Pvt., Battery C, 71st Artillery.
Flack, Walter C— Pvt., Co. B, 51st Pioneer Infantry.
Flanagan, George W. — Pvt., Headquarters, 345th Inf.
Flanagan, Charles — Pvt., Batt. F, 1st Regiment.
Flanagan, Edward — Sgt., Stevedores.
Flanagan, J. J.— Pvt., Co. B, 307th Infantry. WG.
Flanagan, John J. — Pvt., Co. C, 303d Engineers.
Flanigen, Chas. Francis — Corp., Aircraft Corps.
U. S. Army
535
Flanigen, Edwin Gaw, Jr. — Sgt., Co. I, Development
Battalion 3d.
Flanigan, James T.— Sgt. W.
Flanigan, Wm. M.— 2d Lieut., Battery B. 44th C. A. C.
Flannery, John M. — Lieut., Camp Greenleaf.
Fleckenstein, Adam — Pvt., Co. A, 346th Infantry.
Fleckenstein, John — Ist-class Pvt., 302d Bakery.
Fleckenstein, Raymond — Pvt., Battery E, 34th F. A.
Fleischauer, August — Wagoner, 302d Ammunition Tr.
Fleischauer, Richard — Quartermaster Corps.
Fleischauer, Ernst — Battalion 10th.
Fleischman, Anthony — Pvt., 9th Co., 20th Engineers.
Fleischman, Arthur H.— Sgt., Co. T, Art. Park Unit
5th Corps.
Fleischmann, Edwin — 2d Lieut., Coast Artillery.
Fleischman, Geo. A.— Corp., 501st Ref. Plant.
Fleischman, Henry W.— Sgt., Co. F, 303d Am. Train.
Fleiss, John— Pvt., Co. B, 345th Infantry.
Flemming, Leonard — Ist-class Pvt., 302d Supply Train.
Fleming, Michael J. — Corp., Chemical Warfare Service.
Fleming, Walter C. — Pvt., 308th Ambulance Corps.
Flemming, Harry J. — Sgt., Gas Defense.
Fletcher, Charles — Pvt., Headquarters, 327th Infantry.
Fleury, Arthur H.— Pvt., Headquarters, 336th F. A.
Fleury, E. J.— C. P. O., Coast Guards.
Flicinski, Stanley— Pvt., 349th Infantry.
Flickinger, Burt P.— Pvt., 302d Motor Car Co.
Flierl, Jack M.— Co. B, 53d Engineers.
Flint, Arthur— Pvt., Co. C, 307th Infantry. WA No-
ember 5, 1918.
Flint, Raymond — Pvt., Co. G, 302d Ammunition Train.
Flock, Kurt. C. — Mechanic, 3d Trench Mortar Battery.
Flock, Edward— Pvt., Co. C, 303d Engineers.
Floss, Frederick J. — Sgt., Co. 2d, Army Candidate
School.
Florowski, Adam— Pvt., Co. A, 309th Infantry.
Flower, Ralph R. — Pvt., Army Ambulance Corps.
Awarded French Croix de Guerre with bronze star for utmost
disregard of danger as an ambulance driver.
Flowerday, Jas. A. — Wagoner, Battery C, 38th Coast
Artillery.
Floyd, Alfred R.— Pvt., Co. D, 302d Engineers.
Fly, Stanley M.— Co. D, Coast Artillery.
Flynn, Edward A. — 1st Lieut., Medical Corps.
Flynn, Geo. W.— Pvt., Mobile Hospital 2.
Flynn, John J.— Sgt., Co. A, R. U. 311th.
Flynn, Joseph H.— Pvt., Co. E, 111th Inf. W Sep-
tember 6, 1918, Fismes.
Flynn, H. F.— Pvt., 13th Co., 152d Depot Brigade.
Flynn, Raymond T. — Corp., Co. D, 302d Engineers.
WA August 14, 1918.
Flynn, Robert E.— Sgt., Co. B, 309th Infantry.
Foell, Carl F.— Pvt., Medical Corps.
Fogarty, Ward K.— Pvt., 14th Co., Coast Artillery
Corps, Fort Monroe, Va.
Fogelsonger, Eugene H. — Corp., Quartermaster Corps.
Fogut, Jerome— Pvt., Co. B, 309th Infantry.
Fahey, William J. — Quartermaster Corps.
Foisset, John N.— Pvt., Battery B, 335th Field Artillery.
Foley, Clarence W. — Corp., 44th Co., Uth Training
Battalion, 153d Depot Brigade.
Foley, Daniel P.— Pvt., Co. D, 81st Engineers.
Foley, George F. — Wagoner, Co. A, 302d Am. Train.
Foley, John E.— Pvt., Co. D, 303d Engineers.
Follen, Paul T.— 1st Lieut., Co. B, 411th Battalion.
Follick, Stanley E.— Pvt.
Foltyniak, Albert J.
Fontana, Sebastian— 1st Sgt., 26th Co., 153d Depot
Brigade.
Foose, Harry W. — Pvt., 74th Machine Gun Battalion.
Foran, David J.— Corp., S. A. T. C.
Ford, Geo. M. — Ist-class Sgt., Medical Corps.
Ford, William — Pvt., Royal Flying Corps.
Foremiak, Joseph J. — Pvt. WA.
Forgie, Leon C— Capt., 108th Field Artillery.
DeForest, John T.— Pvt. Co. C, S. A. T. C.
Forman, Stanley — Aviation Field 2.
Fornes, Gerard L. — Pvt., Motor Transport Corps.
Forestel, Peter R. — Ist-class Pvt., Headquarters, Motor
Group. WA December 31, 1918.
Forrestel, E. P. — Lieut., Medical Corps.
Forrester, Hobart S.— Pvt., 86th Machine Gun Co. WA
November 6, 1917.
Forsey, Adam H.— Pvt. WA.
Forsey, Harold S.— Pvt. WA.
Forster, Alfred P.— Pvt., Co. C, 302d Engineers.
Forster, Frank — Corp., Co. I, 311th Infantry.
Forster, Frank — Corp., 153d Depot Brigade.
Forster, Frank H. — Sgt., 220th Aero Squadron.
Forster, Linn H. — 1st Lieut., 148th Aero Squadron.
Forsyth, Edgar A., Jr. — Pvt., American Ambulance
Corps. WA .July 15, 1918.
Forsyth, Roland — Candidate, Officers' Training School.
Fort, Lewis P.— Pvt., Co. L, 347th Infantry.
Fortunato, Antonio — Headquarters Co., 346th Infantry.
Foss, Carl A.— 2d Lieut., 12th Field Artillery. WA
August 24, 1918.
Foss, David C. — Field Artillery, Central Officers' Train-
ing School.
Foss, Winfred L. — Pvt., Co. A, Camp Perdue, Ind.
Foster, Chas. W.— Ist-class Sgt., Co. E, 209th Engineers.
Foster, Harry F. — Ist-class Pvt., Co. F, 51st Pioneer Inf.
fantry.
Foster, Harvey F. — Ist-class Pvt., Medical Department
Air Service.
Foster, Irving J.— Pvt., Co. T, 212th Engineers.
Foster, Wm. J.— Pvt., 38th Co., 153d Depot Battalion.
Forster, Walter H.— Pvt., Co. H, 345th Infantry.
Foudy, Edward R.— 1st Lieut., Co. K, 110th Infantry.
WG July 15, 1918.
Fowler, Robert — Lieut., Medical Corps.
Fowler, Raymond P. — 2d Lieut., Am. Ambulance Corps.
Fox, Arthur S. — Pvt., 302d Quartermaster Corps.
Fox, Earl S.— Pvt., 2d Co., Battery F, 51st Coast Art.
Fox, Floyd J. — Ist-class Pvt., Squadron A, Air Service.
Fox, Sylvester — Pvt., 306th Infantry. Taken prisoner
August 27, 1918.
Fox, Thomas— Pvt. WA July 24, 1918.
Fox, W. A.— Pvt. WA.
Fox, William J.— Pvt., 1st Transport Unit. WG July
21, 1918.
Fox, Wilber J. — 21st Engineers.
536
Buffalo's Part in the World War
Francesco, M. — Pvt., Co. K, 7th Infantry. WA.
Francescone, Domenico — 25th Co., 7th Battalion.
Francis, Charles — Ist-class Pvt., Co. G, 311th Infantry.
Franciamore, Calogero — Pvt., Co. D.
Francis, Frederick O. — Pvt., Field Artillery, Central
Officers' Training School.
Franck, Mustarello — Batt. C, 1st Prov. Depot Brig.
Frangiamore, Philippo — Co. C, 348th Infantry.
Frank, Chester W. — 1st Lieut., 2d Regiment, 1st Army
Replacement Depot.
Frank, Elmer G.— Sgt., 6th Co., 153d Depot Brigade.
Frank, Emery G. — Machine Gun Co., 345th Infantry.
Frank, Fans — Pvt., Co. D, 6th Regiment.
Frank, Lyall L.— Lieut., 161st Depot Brigade, 5th Co.
Frank, Stephen N.— Sgt., Co. B, 14th Machine Gun
Battalion.
Franke, Arthur- Pvt., Troop B, 15th Cavalry.
Franke, William- -Pvt., Co. L, 306th Infantry.
Frankenberger, Albert G. — Pvt., 1st Co., Quarter-
master Corps.
Frankenberger, Eugene — Ist-class Sgt., 51st Balloon
Company.
Franklin, Oliver B. — Pvt., Canadian Expeditionary
Forces. WA November 5, 1917. Somme.
Frankowski, Frank — Pvt., Co. D, 153d Depot Brigade.
Frankowski, Jos. — 2d Ordnance Corps.
Frantz, Aloysius M.— Sgt., 52d Co., 13th Grand Divi-
sion, Tank Corps.
Frantz, Clarence H. — Coast Guards.
Franz, Hugo C— Ist-class Sgt., Co. C, 319th Field
Signal Battalion.
Franz, John J.— Pvt., Co. G, 306th Infantry. Taken
prisoner.
Eraser, Albert W.— Pvt., 72d Field Artillery.
Eraser, Thos. A.— Pvt., 335th Machine Gun Battalion.
Eraser, William A. — 1st Lieut., Quartermaster Corps.
Eraser, Robert H.— Pvt. WA.
Frauenheim, Arthur F. — Corp., Co. D, 303d Engineers.
Frawley, John V. — Pvt., Co. C, 63d Engineers.
Frazer, Edward J.— Pvt., S. A. T. C.
Frederick, Andrew — Pvt., 3d Squadron, Air Service.
Frederick, Frank— Sgt., Headq'rs, 326th Labor Bat.
Frederick, Leo — Pvt., 35th Engineers.
Frederick, Roland H.— Pvt. WA.
Freedman, Harris— 2d Lieut., S. A. T. C.
Freedman, Samuel — Pvt. WA.
Freedman. John — Pvt., Co. B.
Freedman, Julius— Pvt., 17th Co., 152d Depot Brigade.
Freedman, Maurice— Pvt. M. G. Co., 311th Inf. W
September 28, 1918, St. Mihiel.
Freeman, Fred — Pvt., Co. B, 106th Ammunition Train.
Freeman, Geo. H. — Pvt., Base Hospital 23.
Freeze, Arthur W. — Co. D, Military Police.
Freiberger, Frank W. — Corp., Headquarters, 309th Inf.
Freisch, Fred J. — 172d Aero Squardon.
Fremming, Frank H. — Pvt.
French, Jay H. — Squadron Q, Air Service.
French, Nath. A., Jr. — Lieut., Motor Transport Corps.
Freudenberg, Wm. — Pvt., 12th Ammunition Train.
Freudenberger, Philip — Ist-class Pvt., Base Hposital 23.
Freund, Clarence E. — Co. H, 19th Engineers.
Frey, Albert P.— Pvt., Co. B, 311th Infantry.
Frey, Alvin J. — Chauffeur, Motor Transport Corps.
Frey, Arthur S.— Pvt., 11th Co., 151st Depot Brigade.
Frey, John J. — Pvt., Hospital 5.
Frey, Severn — Students' Army Training Corps.
Freytag, Henry — Corp., 22d Co., 153d Depot Brigade.
Frick, Eugene C. — Pvt., School for Cooks and Bakers.
Frick, Louis J. — Ist-class Pvt., Co. B.
Friedel, Christian U.— Pvt., Co. K, 346th Infantry.
Friedlander, Harold A. — Ist-class Sgt., Motor Car 313.
Friedman, Maurice — Pvt., Machine Gun Co., 311th
Infantry. WA October 3, 1918.
Friel, Charles H.— Ist-class Sgt., Base Hospital 23.
Friel, D. J.— 107th Transport Corps.
Friel, Mark — Pvt., Students' Army Training Corps.
Frier, Fred T. — Corp., Motor Transport Corps.
Fries, Robert W.— Corp., 106th Supply Train.
Frisch, Leo J. — Pvt., Students' Army Training Corps.
Fronappel, Marola J. — Air Service.
Fridey, Theo. E. — Ist-class Pvt., Medical Corps.
Fried, Carlton H.— Pvt., Co. K, 345th Infantry.
Friedel, Fred— Pvt., Co. A, 346th Engineers.
Friedman, B. H.— Co. K, 310th Infantry. WA Sep-
tember 25, 1918.
Frier, Fred., Jr.— Pvt., Co. A, 347th Infantry.
Fries, Charles L. — Pvt., 5th Co., Quartermaster Corps.
Fritz, Waltei H.— Pvt., Co. F, 303d Ammunition Train.
Frizzell, Thomas J.— Sgt. WA.
Froats, William H.— Pvt., Co. A, 502d Engineers. WA
September, 1918.
Froelich, Charles— Pvt., Co. B, 16th Battalion.
Froggatt, Elgin B. — Pvt., Air Service.
Fronczak, Francis E. — Major, Medical Corps. W June
18, 1918, at St. Hillaire.
Fronczak, Jos. E.— 2d Ph. M.
Fronczak, Leo C— Pvt., Co. G. 348th Infantry.
Frost, Fred. W.— Pvt., 804th Detachment, M. T. C.
Frost, Stephen M.— Corp., Co. D, 12th Machine Gun
Battalion.
Fruauff, Henry A. — Sgt., Co. B, 502d Engineers.
Frueh, Chas.— Pvt., 147th Infantry. W.
Frustace, Jos. — Tank Corps.
Frye, Raymond C— Pvt., 20th Co., 5th Regiment.
WA June 25, 1918.
Fryer, Livingston.
Cited.
Flynn, Jos. H.— Pvt., Co. E, 11th Regiment. WA
September 6, 1918.
Fuczak, George J. — Signal Corps.
Full, Albert P.— Pvt., Machine Gun Co., 311th Infantry
Full, John E.— Pvt.
Fuller, Robert L. — Pvt., Chemical Warfare Service.
Puncheon, Edward J. — Pvt., Co. H, 21st Engineers.
Funk, Albert J.— Sgt., 2d Co., 12th Ammunition Train.
Funk, Chester— Pvt., 49th Co., 156th Depot Brigade.
Funk, George— Pvt., Co. C, 306th Infantry.
Funk, George — Mechanic, Battery A, 305th F. A.
Funk, Hartley H.— Pvt., Co. C, 331st Bat. Tank Corps.
Funke, Glenn— Pvt., Co. B, 302d Engineers. WA
October 16, 1918.
Furmanck, Jos. — Pvt., Co. B, 307th Infantry.
U. S. Army
537
Furminger, Herbert G. — Pvt., Troop L, 15th Cavalry.
Fursbach, Edward H.— Pvt., Repair Unit 319.
Fursbach, Frank N.— Pvt., Battery F, 60th F. A.
Furstner, Henry W. — Sgt., Pigeon Sec, Signal Corps.
Fydrych, Bronislaw— Pvt., Co. I, 306th Infantry. WA
August 17, 1918.
Gabarsky, Max — Pvt., Co. I, 347th Infantry.
Gabel, Giles C— Pvt. WA September 18, 1918.
Gabinck, Albert— Pvt., Co. D, 348th Infantry.
Gabriel, Warren H. S. — Sgt., Army Gas School.
Gabryelewicz, Bernard — Pvt., Co. C, 146th Infantry. .
Gackle, Fred J.— Pvt., Battery D, 335th Field Artillery.
Gaczewski, Stanislaus — Corp., Co. A, 326th Inf. WA.
Gadowski, Frank— Pvt. WA.
Gadzid, Wincent — Pvt.
Gagern, Albert J.— Pvt., Co. C, 307th Infantry.
Gagern, W. W. — Pvt., 780th Motor Transport Corps.
Gaflney, Thomas P. — Bugler, Headquarters, 19th F. A.
Gaffney, Wm. A. — Pvt., November Replacement.
Gaise, Howard C. — 2d Engineers.
Gaiser, Adolph J. — Pvt., Co. A, 347th Infantry.
Gaiser, Henry Russell — Sgt., 480th Aero Squadron.
Gaisewski, John — Pvt., Battery E, 4th Field Artillery.
Gajewski, Barney — Corp. .Battery E, 7th Field Artillery.
Gajewski, Frank J.— Pvt., Co. 19th Coast Artillery
Corps.
Galas, Michael— Pvt., Co. D, 16th Battalion.
Galazini, Joseph— Pvt., Uth Co., 3d Battalion, 152d
Depot Brigade.
Galbo, Vincent F.— Pvt., 20th Co., 152d Depot Brigade.
Galhausen, Carl S.— Pvt., Co. C, U. S. Guards.
Gall, Adolph— Pvt., Co. F, 325th Inf. W October 17,
1918, Verdun.
Gall, Frederick— Pvt., 306th Field Signal Battalion.
Gall, Joseph M. — Corp., Motor Transport Corps.
Gallagher, Fred— Corp., Co. C, 307th Infantry. WA
November 10, 1918.
Gallagher, James J. — Pvt., 307th Ammunition Train.
Gallagher, James L. — Lieut.. Debarkation Hospital 2.
Gallagher, John J. — Co. M, 345th Infantry.
Gallagher, John— Pvt., Co. H, 345th Infantry.
Galligam, Henry L. — Corp. Co. E, 302d Engineers.
WG November 1, 1918.
Gallup, Willis H.— Pvt., S. A. T. C.
Galluzzo, Salvator — Corp., 303d Engineers.
Gaines, Paul— Pvt. WA.
Galvin, Lamar J. — Capt., Ordnance Department.
Galvin, Roland E.— Corp., Battery D, 36th F. A.
Gamble, Roy— Pvt., Co. H, 311th Infantry. WG
October 29, 1918.
Gamble, William B.— Pvt., Co. B, 59th Pioneer Inf.
Gamier, Harry — Pvt., Headquarters Co., 61st Inf. WA.
Gammel, Frank F.— Pvt., Co. B, 305th M. G. B.
Gamo, Harold— Pvt., Battery C, 446th Field Artillery.
Ganger, Chas. Peter— Pvt., 312th Sanitary Train.
Gangieta, .Jozef — Pvt., Co. C, 24th Regiment.
GanglofT, Edw. J. — Corp., Battery A, 7th.
Ganig, Edward — 54th Engineers.
Ganter, Otto — Medical Detachment, 303d Engineers.
Gantus, Milad— Pvt., 46th Co., 12th Battalion.
Ganzman, E. — Pvt.
Ganzmann, Andrew — Pvt., Headquarters Co., 312th
Ammunition Train.
Ganzmann, Fred — Pvt., 302d Sanitary Train.
Garaci, Frank— Pvt. WA.
Garbarino, Albert — Pvt., Base Hospital 127.
Garbatovicz, Peter — WA.
Garberino, Edward — Pvt., Entrance Camp.
Garberino, John — Pvt., Co. D, 307th Infantry. Prisoner.
Gardner, Charles Milton — Pvt., 8th Aero Squadron.
Gardner, Irwin— Pvt., Batt. D, 308th Machine Gun
Battalion. WA October 21, 1918.
Gardner, Lawrence H. — Major, Inspector General Dept
30th Division.
Gardner, Paul J. — Sapper, Co. B, 5th Battalion, Can.
WG November 1918.
Gardner, Ralston H. — Sgt., Medical Detachment, 312th
Ammunition Train.
Gardner, Ted F.— M. G. T., Uth Cavalry.
Gareffo, Antonio — Pvt., Co. E, 347th Engineers.
Garziela, Joseph— Pvt., Co. C, 24th.
Garham, J. Harold — Pvt., Ordnance Corps, 311th Inf.
Garlock, Edward J.— Pvt., Co. F, 312th Engineers.
Garnett, James— Pvt., 57th Battalion, B. E. F. WA
September 27, 1918.
Garrett, Neil Joseph— Pvt., Co. H, 59th Pioneer Inf.
Garrett, Taylor P.— Pvt., 69th Engineers.
Gargieta, Jozef— Pvt., Co. C, 24th Infantry.
Garno, George — Pvt., Co. A, 346th Infantry.
Gartner, A. A. — Lieut., Mach. Gun Co., B. Hospital 23.
Gascoyne, John — Pvt., 502d Engineers. WA.
Gaskin, William J. — Capt., 102d American Forces.
Gasper, Albert— Pvt. WA.
Gasser, Andrew — Cook, Cook School.
Gasser, Richard — Pvt., Co. B, 51st Regiment.
Gassman, Frederick J. — Co. K, 15th Reg. Aviation.
Gastel, Edwin F.— 6th Co., U. S. Coast Guard.
Gastel, John A.— Pvt., Co. E, 311th Engineers.
Gastle, Henry H. — Wagoner, Co. A.
Gastomski, August — Pvt., Co. D, 303d Ammunition Tr.
Gaston, Clifford J.— Pvt. WA.
Gates, Samuel D. — Pvt., 303d Ammunition Train.
Gaughan, Leo— Pvt., Co. H, 346th Infantry.
Gaughan, Martin J.— Unit J, 809th.
Gouchat, Leon J. — Candidate, Central Officers' Train-
ing School.
Gautchier, William L.— Corp., Co. A, 326th Infantry.
Gaughan, Leo — Co. H, 346th Infantry.
Gaughan, Martin J. — Pvt.
Gaul, Osmond W.— Corp., S. A. T. C.
Gaulin, Frederick J.— Pvt., Co. I, 347th Infantry.
Gavin, Joseph S. — Corp., Research Div., Chemical
Warfare Service.
Gawel, Mikoloj— Pvt., Co. G, 31st Infantry.
Gawron, Teofil H.— Lieut., Troop M, 1st Cavalry.
Gawronski, Walter J. — Pvt., Headquarters Co., 346th.
Gawryszewski, Felix— Pvt., Co. B, 306th Infantry.
WA November 5, 1918.
Gawryozewski, Leon A. — Pvt., Co. H, 59th Pioneer Inf.
Gawryszewski, Stephen G. — Pvt., Co. H, 311th In-
fantry. WG October 16, 1918.
Gays, W. A. — Lieut., Transport Corps.
538
Buffalo's Part in the World War
Gaylord, Bradley J. — 1st Lieut., Aviation.
.\warded Distinguished Service Cross.
Gazdzilv, Alex — Sgt., Co. D, Proving Grounds.
Gearhart, Paul Howard— Capt., Co. A, 316th.
Gearman, George — Pvt., Chemical Warfare Service.
Glasser. Emanuel C. — Corp., General Hospital 4.
Gebauer, Walter .J.— Pvt., Co. E, 311th.
Gebhard, .Jacob A. — Pvt., Co. H, Proving Grounds,
Aberdeen.
Gebhardt, August F. — Pvt., Quartermaster Corps.
Gebhardt, Hebry— Pvt., 2d Co., 71st.
Gebhart, Eugene— Pvt. WA.
Geblein, Benjamin H. — Pvt., Battery A. 7th F. A.
Geblein, Harry H.~Pvt., Co. H, 116th Engineers. WA
October 17, 1918.
Getford, Henry D. — Pvt., Base Hospital, Camp Dix.
Gegenfurtner, Anthony — Quartermaster Corps 336th.
Gehring, LeRoy H.— Pvt., Battery B, 335th F. A.
Gehring, William C— Sgt., 8th C. M. Cots
Geier, George F.— Pvt., 20th Co., 153d Depot Brigade.
Geiger, Harry W.— Pvt., Co. A, 107th Machine Gun
Battalion. WA October 1, 1918.
Geiger, Lawrence — Mechanic, Battery E, 14th First
Army Replacement Depot.
Geiger, Lawrence F.
Geitner, Raymond J. — Sgt., Co. C, 1st Gas Regiment.
WA April, 1918.
Geizelhart, Chas. A. — Sgt., 306th Infantry.
Geitner, Walter B.— Co. 31, 153d Depot Brigade.
Genke, Fred O. — Pvt., Co. A, 303d Ammunition Train.
Gennars, Abagnale — Pvt., Co. H, 53d Infantry.
Gennuso, George— Pvt., Batt. E, 59th R. A., Coast
Artillery Corps.
Gensbittel, Jos. J. — Sgt., Ordnance Armament Co.
Gentile, Gerlondo— Pvt., Co. B, 327th Infantry. WA.
Gentile, Joseph E.— Co. D, 311th Infantry.
Gentile, Michael— Corp. WA.
Gentile, Michael— Pvt., Co. F, 309th Infantry.
Gentille, Joseph E.— Pvt., Co. F, 309th Infantry.
Gentner, Arthur L. — Pvt., 2d Co., Coast Artillery Corps
Genung, Jay — Pvt., Co. A, 39th Engineers.
George, Christ— Co. B, 307th Infantry.
George, Edward — Pvt., 475th Aero Squadron.
George, Joseph P. — Signal Corps.
George, Michael V. — Corp., Co. A, Replacement Regt.
George, Michael — Corp., 154th Depot Brigade.
George, McAlfrey C— Pvt.
George, Nicholas P.— Bugler, Co. G, 307th Infantry.
WA September 27, 1918.
George, Pasquale — Pvt., Co. K, 345th Infantry.
Georgen, Aloysius E. — Corp., 78th Division, Head-
quarters Troop.
Geraci, James S. — Pvt., Military Police.
Gerankowski, Thaddeus — Pvt. WA.
Gerardi, Peter— Co. C, 48th Infantry.
Gerber, Adolph C— Pvt., Co. A, 162d Infantry.
Gerber, Edward A. — Pvt., 102d Ammunition Train.
Gerber, Elmer H.— Pvt., Battery E, 334th F. A.
Gerber, Geo. M.— Pvt., Co. B, 312th Ammunition Train.
Gerhardt, Charles J.— Pvt., Co. G, 311th.
Gerinske, John — Pvt. WA.
Gerivel, Casmier— Pvt., Co. I, 306th Infantry.
Gerlach, George — Cook, Squadron G.
Gerlach, Harold— Pvt. WA.
Gerlach, Sig W.— Co. G, 306th Infantry.
Gerlach, Sigmund — Pvt. WA.
Germain, Chester S.— Pvt., Co. D, 345th Infantry.
Gernold, Carl J.— Pvt., Co. H, 305th Infantry.
Gernold, Adam J. — Corp., Co. A, 303d Supply Train.
Gerstman, Edwin J. — Co. J, 22d Regiment.
Gerstman, Irving — Pvt., Co. K, Motor Transport Corps.
Gertner, Raymond J. — Sgt., Co. C, 1st Gas Regiment.
WA April 1918.
Gervas, Jos. — Pvt., 16th Co., Camp Dix.
Gervasi, Wm. — Pvt., Supply Co., 348th Infantry.
Gerwel, Casmier— Pvt., Co. I, 306th Infantry.
Gesegnet, Alois C. F.— Pvt., Battery E, 334th F. A.
Gesel, Jerome G.— Pvt., Co. I, 306th Infantry.
Gesl, Charles — Pvt., Ordnance Department.
Gesl, Edw. U.— Corp., Co. H, 78th Division. WA.
Gessner. Chas. Gustave — Lieut., Student, 7th Quarter-
master R. C.
Gessner, Henry P.— Pvt., Co. E, 311th Infantry.
Getter, William— Sgt., Co. E, 403d Field Signal Bat.
Getting, Joseph R.— Pvt., S. A. T. C.
Getz, Monte— Sgt., 318th Infantry.
t'ited.
Geveon, Augustino — Pvt.
Geyer, Chester M.— Pvt., Ordnance, 2d O. R. S. D.
Geyer, Walter P.— Sgt., Co. E, 303d Engineers.
Gianfranceschi, Guido — Lieut., Medical Corps.
Gianfrancesschi, Jos. S. — Lieut.
Gianelli, Nicholas T. — Sanitary Detachment.
Giangreco, Joseph — Pvt., 307th Infantry. WA Sep-
tember 6, 1918.
Giantiorio, Vincenzo.
Gibbons, Edward H.— Pvt., Hospital Corps, 102d En-
gineers. WA October 1918.
Gibbons, Walter E.— Sgt., S. A. T. C.
Gibbons, Wm. J.— Corp., S. A. T. C.
Gibbs, Leland N. — Pvt., Co. D, Army Service Corps.
Gibson, Geo. J.— Pvt., Co. E, 102d Engineers. WG
October 1918.
Gibson, Thompson M. — Corp., Quartermaster Corps.
Gibson, Walter F. — Major, 55th Pioneer Inf. Killed in
auto accident on Williamsville Road, Dec. 20, 1919.
Gieday, Agnes M. — V. S. Embarkation Hospital 4.
Giertz, Edward N.— Pvt., Co. B, 58th Ammunition Tr.
Giess, Walter F. — 461st Aero Squadron.
Giesler, William A.— Sgt., 17th Co., 152d Depot Bri-
gade, Engineers.
Giesr, Walter M.— Pvt., 308th Remount Depot.
Gilford, Clarence— Wagoner, M. G. Co., 307th Infantry.
Gifford, Henry D.— Pvt., Camp Dix.
Gigante, Herman J.— Pvt., Co. E, 347th Infantry.
Giganti, Frank C— Pvt., Co. D, 30th Infantry. WA
July 15, 1918.
Gilbert, Chas. H.— Pvt., U. S. Guards.
Gilbert, Lester — Capt., Aviation.
Gile, Roscoe M.— Sgt., Co. C, 30Sth Machine Gun Bat.
Gill, Alexander C— Pvt., Co. A, 311th Infantry.
Gill, Charles J.— Pvt., 19th Battalion, O. A. B. D.
U. S. Army
539
Gill, Frank— Pvt., Co. H, 7th Inf. WA July 25, 1918.
Gill, William — Corp., Medical Department.
Gillans, Louis C— Corp., 12th Battalion, 47th.
Gillen, James E.— Sgt., 378th Co., A. M. T.
Gillespie, Edward Merton— Corp., Battery E,80th F.A.
Gilhooly, Hugh J.— Pvt., 3d Brigade. 7th Regiment.
Gillies, Duncan— Corp., Co. E, 309th Infantry. WA
September 26, 1918.
Gillig, Alexander L. — Capt., Quartermaster Corps.
Gillogly, Julius Joseph — Pvt., Co. C, 18th Infantry.
WA July 19, 1918.
Gillies, Duncan— Corp., Co. E, 309th Infantry. WA
September 26, 1918.
Gillitzer, Fred— Pvt., Co. C, 302d Engineers.
Gillmeister, Ernest W.— Pvt., Co. 12th, 157th Depot
Brigade.
Gillmeister, O. W.— Pvt., Co. B, 18th Infantry. WA
July 18, 1918.
Gilmore, Harry V.~Sgt. WA.
Gimlin, Howard F. — Corp., Motor Supply Co., 480th
Motor Transport Corps.
Ginszka, Jeon — Sgt., Co. E, 4th Engineers.
Giorrino, Nicholas A. — Pvt., 16th Co., 4th Battalion,
153d Depot Brigade.
Girst, Wm.— Sgt., Co. A, 309th Infantry.
Girvin, Willard S. — Lieut., Aviation.
Girzowski, Leo S.
Gittere, John E. — Pvt., 5th Ordnance Co., Repair Shop.
Gittere, Wm. J.— Corp., 77th Division.
Girianni, Jas. A. A. — Corp., Supply Co.
Gizzi, Alfonso — Base Hospital 83.
Glacer, Edwin F.— Corp., 27th Co., 15.3d Depot Brigade.
Glachowski, John— Cook. WA September 8, 1918.
Gladysz, Stefan— Pvt., Co. H, 327th Infantry. WA
October 9, 1918.
Glaeser, Arthur F. — Lieut., Medical Corps.
Glaeser, Peter W.— Pvt., Battery D, 30th Coast Artil-
lery Corps.
Glaeser, Walter G.— Pvt.
Glair, William F.— Pvt., Battery B, 336th F. A.
Glanowski, Alois — Sgt.
Glaser, Albert— Pvt., Co. C, 345th Infantry.
Glass, Charles E.— Pvt., Co. M, 37th Division. WA.
Glass, Frank — Pvt., 306th Infantry. Prisoner at
Rastatt October 26, 1918.
Glass, James E. — Pvt., Students ' Army Training Corps.
Glasser, Emanuel C. — Corp., Fort Porter.
Glassman, Howard H. — Rifle Range, Glen Bevinie, Md.
Glastetter, Wm. G.— Sgt., Co. E, 309th Infantry. WG
October, 1918.
Glauber, George J.— Sgt., Co. A, 318th Field Signal
Battalion. Trench fever October 3, 1918.
Glauber, Leo L.— Pvt., 23d Co., Automatic Replace-
ment Depot.
Glauber, Victor S. — Wagoner, Co. A, 3d Am. Train.
Glavy, Hubert J.— Corp., Co. C, 18th Infantry. WA
October 9, 1918.
Glauzewski, George C— Pvt., Co. H, 325th Infantry.
Gleason, Geor — Pvt., Co. E, 303d Engineers.
Gleason, William J. — Corp., Headq'rs Co., Stevedores.
Glerum, Inga C. — Laboratory Technician.
Glienke, Benjamin H.— Pvt., Supply Co, 306th Inf. W
September 1918, Vesle.
Glinski, Casimer — Pvt., Canadian Army.
Glinski, Walter— Sgt., Supply Train.
Gliszczynski, Gus S.— Pvt., 50th Co., 20th Engineers.
Gliszczynski. Wm. W. — Pvt., Headquarters Co., 311th
Infantry. WA October 29, 1918.
Glogau, Arthur W.— Pvt., 657th Co., M. T. C.
Glogau, Fred W. — Pvt., Provost Guard.
Glover, Lonnie— Pvt., Co. B. WA October 29, 1918.
Glorizewski, Geo. C— Pvt., 325th Infantry.
Gloss, Frank — Pvt. Prisoner. Germany.
Glover, Frank— Corp., Machine Gun Co., 309th Inf.
WA September 22, 1918. St. Mihiel.
Glowzewiski, Geo. C— Pvt., Co. H, 325th Infantry.
Glunz, Edw. W.
Glunz, John J.— Pvt., Co. B, 344th Machine Gun Bat.
Gluntz, Albert L.— Corp., Co. D, 311th Infantry. WA
November 8, 1918.
Glynn, Edwin R.— Pvt., 12th Trench Mortar Battery.
Glynn, George J.— Pvt., Co. I, 307th Infantry.
Glynn, John T.— Base Hospital 23.
Gminski, Stanley J. — Pvt., 51st Pioneers.
Gnebinski, John V. — 346th Infantry.
Gnebinski, Leon — 12th Battalion, 46th Depot Brigade.
Gnann, John— Pvt., Co. H, 7th Infantry.
Gnozzo, Joseph P. — Pvt., 71st Engineers.
Godzick, Frank C— Co. A, 87th Regiment, 346th Inf.
Goddard, Charles H. — Pvt., Medical Department.
Goebel, William D.— Pvt., 35th Regiment.
Goehle, Edgar— Pvt., 15th Aero.
Goehle, Edward P. — Sgt., Medical Co., 59th American
Coast Artillery Corps.
Goehle, Elias— Pvt., 4th A. R. D.
Goehle, J. R.— Pvt., Machine Gun Co., 7th Infantry.
Goehle, Oscar — Pvt., Mechanics Institute.
Goehring, Herbert P.— Corp., Co. H, 60th Infantry.
Goergen, Al E. — Corp., Headquarters Co., 311th Inf.
Goergen, Jos. G. — Pvt., Headquarters Co., 345th Inf.
Goerner, Edgar G.— Pvt., S. A. T. C.
Goerner, Hy E.— Sgt., 301st Unit, Ship Repair.
Goerner, William C. — Sgt., Co. D, Aero Squadron.
Goettleman, Chas. J. — Pvt., 8th Co., 20th Engineers.
Goetz, Carl H. — Pvt., Quartermaster Corps.
Goetz, Edwin J.— Pvt., Co. C, 302d Engineers.
Goetz, Frank A.— Chauffeur, Co. B, 302d Field Signal.
Goetz, Hugh S.— Pvt., 7th Co., 157th Depot Brigade.
Goetz, John O.— Lieut., Co. G, 47th Infantry. WA
October 22, 1918.
Goetz, Joseph J.— Pvt., Batt. A, Uth First Army Re-
placement Depot.
Goetz, Robt. W.— Pvt.
Goetzman, Arthur— Pvt., S. A. T. C.
Goetzmann, Harvey E. — Coro., 8th Co., 153d Depot
Brigade.
Goggin, Clarence P. — Pvt., Machine Gun Co., 307th Inf.
Gold, .James— Pvt., Co. D, 3d Army.
Goldberg, Harry- Pvt.,Battery E, 457th Field Artillery.
Goldberg, J. Chester— 108th Field Hospital.
Goldbach, Frank J.— Pvt., Co. C, 306th Infantry. WG
June 24, 1918.
540
Buffalo's Part in the World War
Goldbach, Henry A. — Mechanic, Co. F, 328th Infantry.
Goldchorpe. Reginald A. — Pvt., 10th Engineers. WA
December 20, 1918.
Golden, Elgin M.— Co. D, 303d Engineers.
Golden, John J. — Pvt., 52d Brigade Headquarters.
WG November 2, 1918.
Golding, George J.— Corp., Co. D, 303d Motor Supply
Train.
Goldman, David Q. — Lieut., Quartermaster Corps.
Goldmann, Luke G.— Corp., 2d N. G. R. D. T. G.
Goldring, Meyer— Pvt., Co. A, 316th Engineers.
Goldsborough, Francis — Capt., Medical Corps.
Goldsmith. Abram M. — Corp., Co. 44, 20th Engineers.
Golembrewski, Anthony J. — Pvt., Co. C, 312th Supply
Train.
Goll, Elmer W.— Pvt., 4th Co., Coast Artillery.
Gollwitzer, William M. — Pvt.
Golembek, Camir F. — 2d Co., 1st Replacement Reg.
Engineers.
Golembek, Joe— Pvt., Co. B, 307th Infantry. WA
September, 1918.
Golota, Albert K.— Pvt., Co. B, 335th Field Artillery.
Gomolski, Stanislaus — Pvt., Co. D, 155th Depot Brig.
Gonsiorek, Anthony — Pvt. WA.
Gonzynski, Charles S.— Pvt., 12th Co., 153d Depot
Brigade.
Gooch, Melbourne A.— Sgt., Headquarters Co., 155th
Infantry. WA July 1st, 1918.
Goodale, Walter — Major, Medical Corps, Camp Devens.
Goodbrand, John Lyle — Musician, Pioneer Band, 55th
Infantry.
Goodman, Abraham L. — Pvt., Co. G, 348th Infantry.
Goodman, Joseph F. — Pvt., Co. A, 147th Infantry.
Goodman, W. J. — Pvt., Sanitary Train. Field Hospi-
tal 40.
Goodwin, Frank Wm.— Batt. C, 14th.
Goodwin, F. Nicholson — Pvt., Co. D, 55th Infantry.
Goodwin, William M. — Pvt., 22d Aero Squadron.
Goodyear, Anson C. — Colonel, 81st Field Artillery.
Goodyear, Chas. W. — Capt., Red Cross.
Gorbach, Herbert J.— Pvt., Battery F, 344th F. A.
Gorczenski, Frank— Corp., Co. K, 127th Infantry.
Gordon, Edw. F.— Co. H, 21st Engineers.
Gordon, Edward G. — Wagoner, Co. A, Engineers.
Gordon, John F.— Pvt., Co. B, 345th.
Gorenflo, Henry F.— Sgt., 42d Balloon. Air Service.
Gorman, Walter— Pvt., 48th Battalion, U. S. Guards.
Gorman, Joseph — Pvt., Headquarters Troop, 77th Div.
Gorniak, John.
Gorny, S.— Pvt., Medical Department.
Gorny, Walter L.— Pvt., Co. D, 13th.
Gorski, Michael— Pvt., S. A. T. C.
Gorton, Henry R.— Pvt., Headquarters Co., 102d In-
fantry. WA September 29, 1918.
Gorton, Howard B.— Pvt., 13th Regiment, February
Automatic Replacement Draft.
Gorton, Ransom— Pvt. WA October 1, 1918. France.
Gortzig, Adolph G.— Cook, Co. F, 309th Infantry.
Gosdek, William G.— Pvt.
Gospodarski, Alexander — Pvt.. 16th Co. WA Septem-
ber 3, 1918.
Goss, Urban G.— Sgt., Battalion F, 13th Regiment.
Gotthelf, Wm.— Pvt., Co. A, 106th Supply Train.
Gottstine, Fred— Pvt., Co. I, 52d Pioneers.
Gottstine, Matthias — Pvt., Sanitary Squadron, 78th Div.
Gould, Joseph L.— Pvt., 367th Co., Motor Trans. WA.
Gould, Richard Jay — Cook, Co. K, 147th Engineers.
Gowans, Henry D.— Pvt., Co. C, 326th Field Signal
Battalion.
Gowgel, Joseph — Pvt. WA.
Grabau, Andrew W.— Sgt., Battery F, 7th Field A.R.D.
Grabau, John V. — Capt., Medical Detachment, 106th
Field Artillery. WA.
Grabezynski, Mateusz.
Grabik, Wladyslaw- Pvt. WA.
Grabowski, Cyril M. — Pvt.
Grabowski, John — 334th Artillery.
Grabowski, Walter— Pvt., Co. C, 306th Infantry.
Grabys, Edward A. — Co. L, 59th Pioneer Infantry.
Grace, Vernon F. — Pvt., 308th Machine Gun Battalion.
Grade, Robert L.— Pvt. WA.
Graczyk. Edward— Pvt., Co. I, Battalion, U. S. Guards.
Graczyk, John— Pvt., Co. B, 347th Infantry.
Graczyk, Stephen A.— Pvt., Co. A, S. A. T. C.
Grad, John J.— Corp., Battery A, 2d Field Artillery.
Graesser, Arthur M.— Pvt., Battery E, 355th F. A.
Graf, Carl C— Pvt., Battalion D, 30th Regiment.
Graf. Harold J. — Pvt., Students' Army Training Corps.
Graff, August— Pvt., Co. B, 311th Infantry.
Graff, Chester— Pvt., Co. B, 53d Reg., Transport Corps.
Graff, Fred H.— Pvt., 335th Machine Gun Battalion.
Graham, Almon Joseph — Sgt., 4th Co., 2d Regiment,
Students' Army Training Corps.
Graham, Arthur G.— Pvt., Co. B, 5th Field Signal Bat.
Graham, Charles A.— Pvt., Co. B, 303d Engineers.
Graham, Edwin— Pvt., Co. H, 311th Infantry. WA
October 17, 1918.
Graham, Michael— Sgt., 327th Infantry. WA.
Graham, Thomas J. — Pvt., Tank Corps.
Graham, Walter B. — Wagoner, Co. B, 307th Am. Train.
Gram, Charles W. — Co. G, 112th Inf. Prisoner, Germany.
Grammel, Fred — Sgt., Headquarters Co., Central Offi-
cers Training School.
Grandillo, Anthony F.— Pvt., Co. K, 345th Infantry.
Grandilla, Michael— Pvt., 17th Co., 152d Depot Brig.
Granfer, Christopher N. — Major, 20th Engineers.
Grant, Carl C— 29th Dixie Brigade Infantry.
Grant, Emil— Co. B, 20th Engineers.
Grant, Louis— Cook, Co. F, 309th Infantry. WA.
Grant, Robert J.— Pvt., Battalion 17th, 67th, 153d De-
pot Brigade.
Grant, Robert J.— Pvt., Co. D, 102d Engineers.
Grant, Robert W. — Pvt., 55th American Coast Artillery
Corps.
Grasela, Stanley— Pvt., Co. D, 147th Infantry.
Graser, Harold L. — Corp., Walter Reed Hospital.
Grasso, Anthony — Pvt., 496th Co., Aviation Signal
Corps.
Graves, Chester W. — Pvt., 13th Co., Officers' Training
School, Motor Transport Corps, 1st Road Regiment.
Graves, Leon E. — Sgt., Air Service.
Graves, Luther P. — Lieut., 47th Field Artillery.
U. S. Army
541
Graves, Nelson W. — Lieut., 13th Balloon.
Graves, Eugene — Sgt., Co. B, 10th Machine Gun Bat.
Graveson, Harold H.— Sgt., Co. A, Adj. Genl. Div.
Prov. Co.
Gravi, Robert L. — Pvt., Co. B, Machine Gun Battalion.
WA September 29, 1918.
Grawunder, Harold W. — Pvt., Co. A, 302d Engineers.
Gray. Arthur T. — Pvt., Headquarters Co., 155th In-
fantry. WA October 3, 1918.
Gray, Leonard G. — Mechanic, Co. G, 329th Infantry.
Grazione, Salvatore — Pvt., 348th Infantry.
Greco, Anthony J. A. — Motor Transport 333d.
Green, Benjamin F.— Co. E., 348th.
Green, Dennis — Cook, 36th Field Artillery.
Green, Clarence E. — Headquarters Troop, 77th Div.
Green, George P. — Pvt., Headquarters, 18th F. A.
Green, John — Quartermaster Corps, Motor Instructor,
Utilities Depot.
Green, .Joseph J.— Pvt., Co. C, 59th Infantry.
Green, Leo— Pvt., Co. G, 311th Infantry.
Green, Louis— Co. E, 348th Infantry. WA.
Green, Manley I. — Pvt., Quartermaster Corps.
Green, Ernest— Pvt. WA.
Green, Frederick S. — Sgt., Australian Infantry. WA
April, 1917.
Green, George P. — Pvt., Headquarters Co., 18th F. A.
Green, George S. — Ist-class Pvt., Co. D, 340th Infantry.
Green, Stephen S.— Sgt., Co. C, S. A. T. C.
Greenbery, Harold A.— Sgt., 26th Co., Central Officers'
Training School.
Greene, Arthur L. — Pvt., Base Hospital 9.
Greene, .John H.— Pvt., Co. C, 345th Infantry.
Greene, Norman J. — Pvt., Headquarters Co., 307th Inf.
Greenough, Wallace— Pvt., S. A. T. C.
Greenstein, Harold — Pvt., Headquarters Co. ,606th Eng.
Greentaner, John J. — Pvt., Supply Co., 346th Infantry.
Greer, James A. — Pvt., Co. B, 302d Engineers. WA
August 25, 1918.
Greeshkowich, Georgry — Pvt., 8th Infantry.
Gregg, Allen V. — Pvt., Ordnance Corps.
Gregory, Dwight V. — Chemist, John Hopkins Research
Laboratory.
Grein, Walter H. — Lieut., Detached Service.
Greiner, Fred W.— Pvt., Co. I, 345th Infantry.
Greiner, Victor H.— Pvt., 325th C. & B.
Gretzinger, Edgar J.— Pvt., Co. W, 13th.
Gridley, George A. — Pvt., 7th Infantry.
Grieco, Joseph — Pvt., 308th.
Griechen, William — Wagoner, 16th Field Artillery.
Griel, Albert J.— Pvt., Co. A, 302d Engineers.
Griesbaum, Andres — Pvt., Co. I, 306th Infantry.
Griese, Charles— Pvt., Co. E, 377th Infantry.
Grieshaber, Ernst G.— Pvt., Headq'rs. Co., 303d Eng.
Grieshaber, Lee L. — Pvt., Co. E, 303d Engineers.
Griffin, Charles C. — Lieut., Air Service.
Griffin, Edgar- Pvt., 49th Co., 13th Battalion.
Griffin, Frank A.— Section Chief, 32d Co., 16th.
Griffin, J. E.— Pvt., Co. D, 305th Machine Gun Bat-
talion. WA August 15, 1918.
Griffiths, Albert Wm.— Pvt., 308th Motor.
Griffin, Howard C. —Pvt., Troop G, 16th Cavalry.
Griffin, James J. — Corp., Co. F, 303d Ammunition Tr.
Griffin, Lawrence — Pvt., 302d Ammunition Train.
Griffin, Thomas W.— Pvt., Co. F, 318th Engineers.
Griffin, William J.— Pvt., Medical Mobile Hospital 2.
Grimes, Earl M.— Co. E, 26th Inf. WA Sept. 22, 1918.
Grimes, James — Pvt., 153d Depot Brigade.
Grimm, Charles W.— Pvt., 604th Motor Trans. Corps.
Grimm, Edw. — Corp., 419th Motor Transport.
Grimm, Edward V. — Pvt.
Grimm, Elmer— Cook, Co. A, 162d Infantry.
Grimm, John E. — Pvt., 33d Engineers.
Grimm, John F. — Pvt., 7th Unit, Veterinary Hospital.
Grimm, Otto H.— Pvt.,305th Unit, Motor Trans. Corps.
Grimm, John G.— Sgt., 327th Supply.
Grinage, Clifford— Sgt., 369th Inf. WG. August, 1918.
Grisanti, Salvatore — Pvt., Co. D.
Gristmaker, Albert— Pvt., Co. D, 302d Supply Train.
Gristmaker, Edward — Pvt., Co. A, Sales Commissary.
Griswold, Harry J.— Pvt. WA.
Griswold, Rowland H. — Sgt. Maj., Co. I, 55th Pioneers.
Groad, Harry — Corp. WA.
Grobe, Fred.— Pvt., Co. K, 309th Infantry.
Groblewski, Bronislaw— Pvt., Co. C, 302d Quarter-
master Corps.
Grochockowiak, Wallace J. -Pvt., 10th Co.
Grodzinsky, Joseph — Sgt. Maj., Candidates Air School.
Groff, Jos. F. — Pvt., Quartermaster Corps Reclaim
Detachment.
Groff, John E.— Sgt., Co. S, 21st Engineers.
Gromfine, John J. — Lieut., 3d Engineers.
Gronkowski, Anthony — Pvt., Battalion Signal Corps
Co., A. G. D. School.
Gronowski, Walter F. — Corp., Co. F, 51st Pioneers.
Groshans, Chester J.— Pvt., Battalion P, 377th.
Grosjean, Jean— Sgt., Co. F, 307th Infantry.
Gross, Angelo — Corp., Co. C, 348th Infantry.
Gross, Fred — Pvt., 46th Infantry.
Gross, Morris— Pvt., Co. D, 311th Infantry. WA
September 26, 1918.
Gross, William F.— 323d Co., F. G. Military Police.
Grotke, Robert F. — Lieut., Headquarters Co., 39th Inf.
Grotz, Adam W.— Pvt. WA.
Grotz, Frederick F. — Pvt., 51st Pioneer Infantry.
Grotz, John G. — Lieut., Camp Greenleaf, Field Hosp.
Grozzo, Berardino— Pvt., Q. N. C, 301st Infantry.
Groldricki, John — Pvt., 35th Regiment, Field Artillery.
Gruber, Chas.— Pvt., Co. B, 10th Battalion.
Gruber, .John J., Jr.— Pvt., 6th Bat., 1st Prov. Reg't.
Gruchola, Leo— Pvt., Battery F, 323d Field Artillery.
Grucza, Egie— Battery F, 60th Field Artillery.
Grucza, John — Pvt. WA.
Grunder, Charles — Cook. WA.
Gruntz, Albert L.— Co. D, 311th Infantry. WA Sep-
tember 26, 1918.
Grupp, George W. — American Red Cross.
Gruss, Alfred W. — Corp., Co. A, 304th Machine Gun
Battalion. WA November 4, 1918.
Gruszka, John — Pvt., Co. C, 302d Engineers.
Gruszka, Leon — Sgt., Co. E, 4th Engineers.
Gryczkowski, Paul B.— Pvt., Co. E, 302d Engineers.
Cited for valor.
542
Buffalo's Part in the World War
Grczkowski, Walter — Co. E, 302d Engineers.
Grzeckowiak, Joseph M.— Pvt., Co. C, 12th Am. Train.
Grzechowiak, Steve.
Grzechulski. .John— Pvt., Battery E, .309th Field Art-
tillery. WA 14, 1918.
Grzedzielski, J. — 2d Co.
Grzeskousak. Adam J.— Pvt., 2d Co., 2d Bat. Gas Def.
Grzeskowiak, Frank B.— Pvt., Co. M, 317th Infantry.
WA September 16, 1918.
Grzybowski, Powel — Pvt. WA.
Guarino, Frank— Pvt., Co. H, 346th Infantry.
Guarino, Henr>- — Pvt., 71st Coast Artillery Corps.
Guarino, Joseph J. — Pvt., 48th Coast Artillery Corps.
Guarino, Louis A. — Pvt., Mobile Hospital Unit 100.
Guarino, Louis C— Mech., Battery E, 36th F. A.
Guarino, Samuel A. — Pvt., Supply Co., 311th Infantry.
Guastaferro, Joseph— Pvt., Co. I, 347th.
Guenther, Charles— Pvt., 41st Co., 11th Battalion.
Guerdat, Earl V.— Sgt., Headquarters Co., 309th Inf.
Guerin, Charles— Pvt., 56th Tank Corps.
Guerin, Roland L. — Pvt., 2d Co., 14th Division.
Guest, Joseph W.— Pvt., Battery F, 1st Field Artillery.
Gueth, Alphonse A. — Pvt., Co. C, 37th Engineers.
Gueth, Edw. P.— Lieut., 28th Field Artillery.
Gugino, Frank— Co. B, 78th.
Guginouo, Frank — Lieut., 17th Co., Unattached.
Gugluizzo,— Pvt., Co. F, 347th.
Guhring, Julius Joseph — Pvt., 5th Co., 152d Depot Brig.
Guiazdowski, Joseph — Corp., Headquarters Co., 326th.
Guidi, Domenico — Supply Co., 307th Infantry.
Guild, Russell, Jas.— Lieut., Co. G, 312th Infantry.
Guild, Warren R. — Sgt., Headquarters LTnit.
Guillaume, Frederick— Pvt., Supply Co., M. T. C.
Gillaume, H. G.— Corp., Co. C, 302d Field Signal Bat-
talion. WA August 29, 1918.
Gillaume, Roland P.— Pvt., 514th M. T. C.
Guitner, Raymond I. — Sgt., Co.,C, 1st Gas Regiment.
W A September 1918.
Gulczewski, Albert— Co. C, 347th Infantry.
Gulick, John M. — Driver, Motor Transport Corps.
Gulick, Theodore — Dispatch Carrier, Tank Corps.
Gulnik, Joseph— Pvt., 332d Co., Infantry.
Guminski. Wm. F. — Pvt., Medical Detachment, Base
Hospital.
Gunn, Lewis J. — Pvt.. Students' Army Training Corps.
Gunnison, Howard — Corp., Co. B, 303d Military Police.
Gurazdowski, Joseph — Corp., Headquarters Co., 326th
Infantry. G in France.
Gurney, Albert R.— Lieut., 305th Field Artillery.
Gurney, Charles L. — Lieut., Field Artillery, Central
Officers' Training School.
Gusmann, Bernard H. — Pvt., Camp Jackson.
Gustte, Philip— Co. G, 74th.
Guthrie, Francis B. — Corp., Co. E, 16th Engineers.
Guthrie, Horace B.— Pvt., Co. C, S. A. T. C.
Gutowski, Stanley J. — 2dFirst Army Replacement Dr'ft.
Guyette, Harold S.— Sgt., Co. D, 322d Field Artillery.
WG October 22, 1918.
Guzzetta, Geo. C— Pvt., Co. I, 343d Infantry.
Gwiazdowski, .Joseph — Pvt. WA.
Gurvin, Chas.— Pvt., Co. L, 306th Infantry.
Gurvin, Leo.— Pvt., Co. B, 307th Infantry.
Guinner, Joseph M. — Lieut., Co. C, 16th Battalion.
Guminski, William F. — Pvt., Medical Detachment,
Base Hospital.
Gwszka, John— Pvt., Co. C, 302d Engineers.
Gygli, William F.— Pvt., 301st Repair Shop Unit.
Gzechulski, Joyn— Pvt., Co. E, 309th Field Artillery.
WA October 14, 1918.
Haab, Arthur J. — Pvt., 14th Squadron, 1st Regiment.
Haag, Benjamin — Co. F, 309th Infantry, Supply Co.
Haak, Albert E.— 2d Lieut., Co. M, 327th Infantry.
Haak, Leo F. — Transport Corps, 55th Engineers.
Haas, Albert K.— Corp., 309th Infantry.
Haas, Clarence J.— Pvt., Co. D, 138th Engineers.
Haas, Edward — Musician, Band, Machine Gun.
Haas, Edward J.— Corp., 20th Co., 2d Signal Corps.
Haas, George H. — Pvt., 2d Quartermaster Corps, Det.
Haas, Joseph— Pvt., Co. G, 346th Infantry.
Haas, William L. — Corp., 496th Aero Squadron.
Haase, Arthur A. — Co. C, 33d Engineers.
Haase, Gustav. H.— Pvt., Co. E, 147th Infantry.
Haber, Carl D.— Pvt., Co. B, 329th Infantry.
Haber, Victor— Pvt., Co. C, 312th Engineers.
Haberer, Lawrence M. — 2d Lieut., 326th Infantry,
Headquarters.
Haberer, Sylvester W. — Pvt., Headquarters Co., Class-
ification Camp.
Haberl, Andrew A. S.— Co. H, 326th Infantry.
Haberstro, Edwin K.— Corp., Co. F, 135th Infantry.
Habicht, Edw.— Pvt., Co. C, 1st Infantry.
Habicht, Edward H.— Corp., Co. F, 312th Motor
Supply Train.
Habicht, William B.— Sgt., Co. K, 7th Engineers,
Training Regiment.
Hack, John L.— Pvt., 345th.
Hackemer, Edw. J.— Corp., Co. B, 334th Battalion.
Hacker, Clarence H.— Pvt., Co. B, 346th Infantry.
Hacker, Edwin C— Pvt., Co. B, 306th Infantry.
Hacker, Edw. — Wagoner, Supply Co., 309th Infantry.
Hacker, Henry C. — Pvt., Infantry. Prisoner.
Hackett, Albert G.— Pvt. WA.
Hadaway, Thomas E.— Corp., Co. B, 346th Infantry.
Haecker, Jules H. — 2d Lieut., Coast Artillery Corps.
Haefner, Albert— Pvt., 148th Infantry. WA.
Haefner, Arthur B.— Pvt., Co. H, 11th Regiment.
Haefner, Frank G.— Pvt., Co. A, 305th Infantry. W
October 4, 1918.
Haef ner.George J.— Pvt., Co. L,346th Inf antry,87th Div.
Haehn, Frank J.— Pvt., Co. C, 334th Machine Gun Bat.
Haen, John J.— Pvt., Co. M, 311th Infantry.
Haehn, Frank J.— Pvt., Co. B, 334th Machine Gun Rat.
Haertel, Theodore G.— Sgt., Co. E, Motor Transport.
Haese, Fred. — Cook, Quartermaster Depot.
Haese, William 0.— Pvt., Bat. D, 334th Infantry.
Haensel, William.
Haffa, Earl W.— Sgt. WA.
Hagelberger, G. E. — Pvt., 10th Ammunition Train.
Hagen, Harold L.— Candidate, 17th Obs. Batt., Field
Artillery, Central Officers' Training School.
Hagen, Henry C— Pvt., Co. C, 336th Machine Gun
Battalion.
U. S. Army
543
Hagen, Paul — Sgt., Medical Department.
Hageman, Godfrey A. — Pvt., Coast Artillery Corps.
Hager, John G. — Ordnance Department, O. R. D.,
Chief OfRcer.
Hager, Herold E.— Battery E, 306th F. A.. 77th Div.
Hagerty, Leo J. — 2d Lieut., Co. A, 48th Infantry.
Hagner, Joseph — Pvt., Co. D, 347th Infantry.
Hahn, Edward F.— 1st Sgt., Co. K, 55th Pioneers.
Hahn, Edwin L. — Sgt., Utilities Detachment.
Hahn, Albert J. — Corp., Medical Department.
Hahn, Charles — Wagoner. WA.
Hahn, Frank R.— 6th Battalion, 24th Military Police.
Hahn, Walter F.— Corp., 7th Co., 153d Depot Brigade,
2d Battalion.
Hahn, William F. — 1st Battalion, 1st Ordnance. Casual.
Haid, John H.— 311th Infanti-y.
Hailand, William H. — Pvt., 489th Aero Squadron.
Hainer, Charles F. — Pvt., 303d Ordnance Detachment,
3d Ammunition Train.
Hair, John Glenn— Sgt., 215th Field Signal Battalion.
Halbig, Alfred J.— Co. E, 306th Infantry. Gassed.
Halblaub, Herbert W.— Pvt., Co. E, 302d Engineers.
Halbleib, Frank, Jr.— Pvt., Co. G, 345th Infantry.
Halburd, Leo — Wagoner, Supply Co., 345th Infantry,
87th Division.
Haley, Albert J.— Pvt., Co. C, 347th Infantry.
Haley, Francis J. — 1st Lieut., Medical Corps, U. S. A.
Haley, William E.— Pvt., Co. G, 346th Infantry.
Hall, Arch L.— Cook, Co. F, 309th Infantry.
Hall, Claude J. — 314th Bakers Co., Quartermaster
Corps.
Hall, Edw. J.— Pvt., 125th Infantry, 107th Field Bat-
talion. WA.
Hall, Frank C— Pvt. WA.
Hall, Harold L.— Pvt., Co. D, 3nth Infantry.
Hall, Harold P.— WA.
Hall, Nathaniel R. — 51st Training Battalion, Field
Artillery, Central Officers' Training School.
Hall, Norman E. — Supply Sgt., Casual Detachment.
Hall, Samuel— Capt. WA.
Haller, Charles L.— Pvt., 347th Infantry, Machine Gun.
Haller, Harry E.— Pvt., 4th Co., Air Service Prod. Det.
Haller, Henri F.— Pvt., Co. M, 306th Infantry. WA.
Haller, John M. — Pvt., Art RadioSchool, Ft. Monroe, Va.
Haller, Martin, Jr.— Pvt., 312th Eng'rs, H'dq'rs A. E. F.
Haller, Russell T.— Pvt., Uth Co., 1st Road Regiment,
Motor Transport Corps.
Halliday, Irving R. — Sgt., Squadron A, Aero.
Halloran, Edw. J. — Pvt., 28th Headquarters.
Halloran, James G. — Corp., 106th Infantry.
Halloran, Joseph — Sgt., Headquarters, 302d Engineers.
Halm, Oscar C. — Base Hospital, Camp Dix.
Halter, Frank A.— WA October 8, 1918.
Hambridge, Leslie A.— Pvt., Supply Co., 306th Inf.
Hameister, Charles — Sgt., 678th Aero Squadron.
Hameister, Fred. — Pvt., Co. R, 21st Engineers.
Hamilton, David K. — 1st Lieut., Co. B, 808th Pioneers.
Hamilton, F. M. — Lieut., French Instructor, A. E. F.
Hamlin, George N.— Pvt., Co. G, 345th Infantry.
Hamm, Charles — Pvt., Quartermaster Corps.
Hammar, Thos. E.
Hammond, Richard J. — Corp., Co. A. WA.
Hammond, William H.— Pvt., Co. H, 307th Inf. WA.
Hammond, Thomas E.— Pvt., Co. H, 345th Infantry.
Hamp, John C. — Co. A, 162d Infantry.
Hampe, Edw. R. — Pvt., Machine Gun Headquarters.
Hanavan, Clement V.— 1st Sgt., Co. G, 309th Inf. WA.
Hanavan, Maurice L. — 2d Lieut., Motor Transport
Corps.
Hanbach, Burt — Capt., Co. H, 811th Pioneer Infantry.
Haney, Cornelius G. — Pvt. WA.
Hangauer, Harold E.— Sgt., S. A. T. C.
Hankin, Alfred E.— Pvt., Co. D, 306th Infantry. WA.
Hanley, Raymond J. — Pvt., Co. B, 164th Infantry.
Hanlan, Edward T.— Sgt., 310th Infantry.
Hanley, Andrew J.— Pvt., Co. D, 9th.
Hanley, Charles J.— Pvt., Co. D, P. W. E. 724th, 70th
Division. G. & W.
Hanley, Edw. J.— Pvt., 49th Co., 20th Engineers.
Hanley, George— Pvt., 7th Co., Machine Gun, U. S. Inf.
Hanneman, Sidney — Corp., 307th Wire.
Hannett, Carlton B.— Pvt., 16th Serv. Signal Corps.
Hannigan, Francis L. — Pvt., Co. D, 311th Infantry,
78th Division. WA.
Hanrahan, John D. — Pvt., Co. B, 13th Engineers.
Hanrahan, John J. — Pvt., 14th Co., Camp Sheeler, Ga.
Hanratty, James — Pvt. WA.
Hans, Geo. H. — Sgt., Quartermaster Corps.
Hansen, Chester G.— Cook, Co. H, 309th Inf. WA.
Hansen, Edw. J. — Pvt., Medical Supply.
Hansen, Frederick A. — Pvt., Co. B, 58th Ammunition
Train, Fort Adams, R. I.
Hapka, Leo— Pvt., Co. C, 302d Engineers.
Harasemovicz, Peter — Corp., 154th Depot Brigade.
Harbach, Paul H. — Pvt., 6th Co., Engineers Officers'
Training School.
Harbison, Matthew E. — Wagoner, Co. B, 346th Infan-
try, Supply Wagon.
Harbison, Roland D.— Pvt., Co, B, 346th Infantry.
Hardenberg, Peter — Pvt. WA November 1, 1918.
Hardesty, Faustus P.— Corp., Co. D, 303d Road Engs.
Hardick, Albert T.— Pvt., Co. E, R. U. 321st, Motor
Transport Corps.
Harding, Elias E.— Corp., Co. C, 307th Infantry. H.
D. Battalion, Co. D.
Harding, John— Pvt., 349th Field Artillery.
Hardy, Albert E.— Pvt., Co. B, U. S. A. Training Det.
Hardy, Robert H. — Pvt., Motor Transport Corps,
702th Overhaul Park.
Haring, Delos W.— Pvt., Co. B. I. S. A., Tank Corps,
Cornell University.
Hark, Peter O.— Corp., Co. G, 348th Infantry.
Harlach, Albert J.— 306th Infantry, Medical Detach.
Harlacher, Louis — Co. A, U. S. Guards, 47th Battalion.
Harlock, Edw. — Pvt., Medical Corps, Camp Dix.
Harmon, Aloysius — Pvt., 266th Military Police.
Harmon, Frank W. — Pvt., 31st Aero Squadron. WA.
Harmon, Lionel — Orderly, Medical.
Harms, Arthur W.— Pvt., Co. C, 307th Field Signal Bat.
Harms, Edgar J.— Pvt., Co. B, 312th Engineers.
Harnett, Daniel E. — 2d Lieut., Air Service.
Harnett, John— Pvt. WA.
544
Buffalo's Part in the World War
Harnick, Arthur.
Harnick, Henry — Corp., Co. E, 2d Engineers.
Harnick, Jesse— Pvt., Co. K, 322d.
Harnick, Leroy F. — Wagoner, Co. C, 302d Am. Train.
Harp, Alonzo M. — 1st Lieut., 7th Army Headquarters
Troop.
Harp, Willard C— Pvt., 1st Co., 1st Division, Military
Police.
Harper, Russell T.— Pvt., 364th Supply Co. WA.
Harquard, Albert— Pvt., Co. A, 309th Infantry.
Harrer, William— 311th Am. Co., 303d Sanitary Train.
Harrer, George C— Pvt. WA.
Harring, Carl P.- Pvt., 2d Co., Camp Wheeler.
Harrington, Glenn A. — 30th Battalion, 5th Australian
Division. WA.
Harrington, .James D.— Pvt., Battery D, 336th F. A.
Harrington, Maurice F. — Pvt. WA September 29, 191S
Harrington, Patrick J. — Pvt., Utility Provisional Regi-
ment, 2d Casual Ordnance Training Camp.
Harrington, Timothy — Pvt., 305th Machine Gun Bat.
Harris, Bernard R. — Pvt., Headquarters, 311th Inf.
Harris, Edgar E.— Sgt., Co. I, 116th Engineers.
Harris, Edwin A.— Pvt., 340th G and F., 5th Prov. Bat.
Transferred to 2d Co., 152d Depot Brigade.
Harris, Howard J.— Co. F, 19th Tank Corps.
Harris, James T.— Sgt., Co. B, 153d Depot Brigade 66th
Harris, Louis H. — Pvt.
Harris, Ray B.— Sgt., Co. C, 15th Battalion, U. S. G'ds.
Harris, Jack— Pvt., Balloon Service, 5th A. E. F. WA.
Harris, Lee — 2d Lieut., Battery C, 64th Pioneer In-
fantry, 349th Field Artillery.
Harris, Osborne Samuel — Pvt., Co. C, 87th Division.
Harris, Richard H. — Pvt., Co. B, Chemical Warfare Serv.
Harris, Samuel — Pvt. WA.
Harris, Walter H.— Pvt., U. S. Army, S. A. P.
Harris, William G.— Pvt., Co. C, 302d Engineers. G.
Harris, Willie J.— Pvt., 16th Co., 5th.
Harrison, Fred'k G. — 214th Engineers.
Harrison, Frank, Jr. — Pvt., Medical Department, Camp
Wadsworth.
Harrison, Gerald G.— 2d Lieut., Field Artillery R. C.
(LTnassigned at Armistice).
Harrison, Kennedy J. — Corp., Co. D, Students' Army
Training Corps, Cornell University.
Harrison, Raymond C. — Corp., 311th Ambulance, 303d
Sanitary Train, A. E. F.
Harrison, Willis B. — 1st Lieut., Medical Corps, Camp
Greenleaf, Ga.
Harrow, Franklin C. — Field Artillery Central Officers'
Training School.
narrower, Harold E. — Sgt., Quartermaster Corps.
narrower, John A. — Corp., 1st Army Corps, Quarter-
master Corps, Headquarters.
Harry, Clifford J.— Sgt., Co. K, 309th U. S. Inf. G.
Harsch, George P. — Pvt., 9th Co., Coast Artillery Corps.
Hart, Archie — Pvt., 325th Ambulance.
Hart, Conrad P. — Pvt., Headquarters 347th Infantry.
Hart, Timothy S.— Pvt., Camp Upton.
Hart, Vincent G. — 2d Lieut., Ordnance Department.
Hartel, Martin J.— Pvt., Co. B, 319th Machine Gun
Battalion. G.
Hartel, Raymond E. — Cook, Quartermaster Corps,
Walter Reed Hospital.
Hartel, Wendell C— Pvt., Co. C, Students' Army
Training Corps, (Syracuse University).
Harter, Archibald— Sgt., S. A. T. C.
Hartfuer, Fred J.— Pvt. WA.
Hartfuer, Walter S.— Pvt., 302d Engineers. WA.
Hartigan, Joseph E. — Stevedore.
Hartman, Floyd— Field Clerk, Headquarters, S. O. S.
Hartman, Harry C. — Pvt., Co. C, 54th Engineers.
Hartman, Henry H. — Sgt., Base Hospital, Rilez,Kauroe.
Hartman, Harry M. — Co. A, 54th Engineers.
Hartman, Otto.
Hartman, Raymond E. — Corp., Co. C, 312th Engineers.
Hartmayer, Herbert W. K. — Corp., Co. H, Students'
Army Training Corps, (Cornell LTniversity).
Hartmetz, Norman G. — Wagoner, Co. A, 303d Am. Tr.
Hartnett, John — Corp. WA.
Hartwanger, Conrad P.— Corp., Motor Truck 327th.
Hartwell, Glenn E. — Pvt., 303d Ammunition Train.
Hartwig, Edwin P. — 1st Sgt., 67th Engineers.
Harty, John F.— Sgt., 5th Battalion, 1st D-8.
Harvilicz, Frank — Pvt., Co. B, 307th Ammunition Tr.
Harvilcz, John— Pvt., Battery F, 34th Field Artillery.
Harivelicz, John— Pvt., Battery D, 36th Field Artillery.
Harz, Otto — Corp., Headquarters, 347th Infantry.
Hasfurter, Geo. C— Sgt., Co. E, 309th Infantry. WA.
Haskill, Franklin C— Pvt., Co. A, 311th Field Signal
Battalion.
Haskins, Harold W.— Pvt. WA.
Haclinger, Martin — Musician, Headquarters, 348th Inf.
Hass, Emil A.— Corp. WA.
Hassan, Mohamed — Pvt., 4th Co., 5th Battalion.
Hasselbeck, Eugene J. — Pvt., Co. H, Students' Army
Training Corps, (Cornell University).
Hasselbeck, Otto P.— Co. B, 302d Engineers.
Hassett, Patrick J.— Pvt., Co. G, 306th Infantry.
Hassey, Joseph E.— Pvt., 22d Balloon.
Hasslinger, Martin — Musician, 348th Headquarters.
Hastings, Charles M.— Sgt., Co. B, 14th Machine Gun
Battalion.
Hastings, Thomas G.— Pvt., 416th Co., Motor Trans-
port Corps, Unit P.
Hatch, Roderic G. — 1st Sgt., Unit L, Ambulance Ser-
vice. WA May 30, 1918, Verdun.
Hatch, William D., Jr. — Interpreter, Headquarters,
6th Army Corps.
Hauber, Geo.— Pvt., Co. B, 311th Infantry. WA.
Hauck, Charles M.— Co. F, 312th Engineers.
Hauenstein, Arthur F. — Pvt., Headquarters, 2d E. T. R
Hauenstein, Barton F. — 1st Lieut., U. S. Medical Corps
Hauenstein, Charles H.— Sgt., Co. B, 308th Machine
Gun Battalion. WA.
Hauenstein, Paul A. — Capt., Motor Transport Service.
Hauenstein, Walter H.— Sgt., 502d Aero.
Haug, Charles W.— Pvt., 115th.
Haug, J. Geo.— Pvt., 2d Co., Coast Artillery Corps.
Haun, Walter G. — Pvt., Camp Wheeler, Va.
Hausauer, Karl F. — Lieut., Field Artillery Officers'
Training School, Camp Taylor, Ky.
Hausbeck, Anthony J. — Pvt., 3d Co.
U. S. Army
545
Hausbeck, Harry J.— Pvt., Battery C, 10th.
Hauser, Edward J. — Corp., Co. B, 302d Engineers.
Hauser, John W. — Supply Co., 313th Quartermaster
Corps.
Hauser, Frank A. — Pvt., Infantry.
Hauser, Joseph — Pvt., Headquarters, 153d Depot Brig.
Hauser, Matthew — Machinist, Machine Service.
Hauser, Norman J. — Co. F, 303d Engineers, 78th Div.
Hauser, Raymond — Pvt., Barracks Detachment.
Hauser, Walter F. — Co. I, 3d Division Batt.
Hauser, William F. — Pvt., Aerial Photo, 18th Section.
Hauser, Leroy J.— Pvt., Co. E, 307th Am. Train.
Hausner, Fred T.— 303d Mobile Repair Shop.
Havernick, William — Pvt. WA.
Hawkins, Albert E.— Corp., Co. E, 311th Infantry WA.
Hawkins, G. L.— 16th Battalion, 2d Canadian Div. WA.
Hawkins, James M.— Sgt., Co. C, 335th Tank Battalion
Haxton, Floyd A. — Pvt., Co. H, 2d Replacement.
Haxton, Loren H.— Sgt., Co. B, 309th Infantry.
Haxton, Ray S. — Pvt., Co. A, 62d Engineers.
Hay, Russell — Pvt., 17th Observation Battalion, Camp
Taylor, Ky.
Hayden, Joseph H. — Lieut., 165th Depot Brigade Inf.
Hayes, Edward P.— Pvt. Battery E, 334th Field Art.
Hayes, Harold Tyler— 2d Lieut., Co. R, 49th Infantry.
Hayes, James E. — Lieut., 348th Battalion, Quarter-
master Corps.
Hayes, John J.— Pvt., 326th Infantry.
Hayes, Patrick F.— Corp. WA.
Hayes, Raymond — Pvt., 216th Aero Squadron.
Hayward Arthur H.— Sgt., Co. A, 28th Inf. GW.
Haywood, Geo. S.— Pvt., Co. E, 302d Engineers.
Haywood, Ralph T. — Wagoner, Supply Co., 52d Pio-
neer Infantry.
Hazen, Raymond F.— Pvt., Co. A, 335th Field Artillery
Heager, Albert P. — Wagoner, 309th Field Artillery.
Healy, James W.— Pvt., S. A. T. C.
Healy, Nathaniel V.— Pvt., S. A. T. C.
Heard, Thomas E.— 2d Lieut., Co. K, 18th Infantry.
Healy, Thos. M.— 46th Co., 153d Depot Brigade.
Healy, Edwin E.— Pvt., Co. D, 58th Ammunition Tr.
Heary, Cletus W.— Sgt., Co. C, 56th Engineers.
Heath, Horton H. — 1st Lieut., Instructor, School of
Fire, Fort Sill, Okla.
Heather, Francis H. — Bugler, Co. A, 303d Am. Train.
Heathfield, Albert — Corp., Co. A, 331st Battalion,
Tank Corps.
Heavey, James— Pvt., 3d Co., U. S. A. S. of A. P.
Heavey, Thomas — Pvt., Headquarters Troop Co.,
Wadsworth Pov. Depot.
Heber, George F.— 461st Co., 416th Motor Supply Tr.
Heberling, Leslie J. — Sgt., 307th Co., Quartermaster
Corps.
Heck, Eugene — 1st Sgt., Co. A, 13th Battalion.
Heekel, Jos. M. — Corp., Quartermaster Corps.
Heckler, Edwin F.— U. S. N. T. S.
Heckler, George— Pvt., Co. L, 346th Infantry.
Heckman, .James C. — Col., Ordnance.
Hecox, Louis U.— Pvt. WA September 4, 1918.
Hedden, Geo. W. — Pvt., 243d Ambulance Corps.
Hedrick, Chauncy C— Pvt., Co. B, 302d Engineers.
Hedrick, Edw. B.— Pvt., 47th Co., 153d Depot Brigade.
Hedrick, Edwin E.— Battery D, 12th F. O. R. D.
Hedtke, Edward — Pvt., Co. A, Motor Transport Corps.
Heebner, Robert— Pvt., 348th Infantry.
Heft, Joseph J.— Corp., 2d Co., 306th Infantry.
Heftka, Joseph— Pvt., Co. E, 336th Machine Gun Bat.
Hegelmayer, Frederick P. — Wagoner, Co. B, 304th Am-
munition Train.
Hehnen, John C, Jr.— Pvt., Co. H, 135th Infantry.
Heichberger, Geo. A.— Pvt., Co. B, 311th Infantry.
Heichberger, Albert G.— Pvt., Co. G, 12th Depot Bat.
Heider, Elmer M. — 2d Lieut., Central Officers' Train-
ing School.
Heider, John L. — 2d Lieut., Central Officers' Training
School.
Heidinger, Raymond — Cook, Headquarters, 309th Inf.
Heilbach, Marcus— Pvt., Co. F, 106th Supply Train.
Heim, Anthony — Pvt., Co. I, 307th Infantry.
Heim, Geo.— Pvt., Co. C, 345th Infantry.
Heim, Joseph — Veterinary, 25th Co., Veterinary Hosp.
Heim, Marcus— Pvt., Co. A, 305th Infantry. WA.
Heimerl, Charles M. — Wagoner, Co. A, 312th Ammu-
nition Train.
Heimerl, Joseph M.— Sgt., 309th Co., Motor Trans-
port Corps.
Heimowski, Stanley L. — Pvt., Co. D, 1st Division, Am-
munition Train, Motor Battalion.
Heimowski, Walter J. — Pvt., Co. C, 93d Engineers.
Heimrich, Ernst J. — Co. C, 312th Ammunition Train.
Hein, Benedict — Utility Detach't, Camp Wheeler, Ga.
Hein, Charles J.— Pvt., P. E. S., A. P. O. 705.
Hein, Fred. — 2d Provisional Regiment.
Hein, Joseph A. — Corp., Co. B, 303d Military Police.
Heintz, August M.— Pvt., 6th Co., 652d Depot Brigade,
Camp Upton.
Heintz, Fred A. — Wagoner, Supply Co., 309th Infantry.
Heintz, Hus.— Pvt., Co. G, 2d.
Heintz, Lawrence — Corp., 307th Co., Quartermaster
Corps.
Heintz, Marzofl- Pvt., Co. D, 348th Infantry.
Heinzberger, Jos. G. — Co. M, 90th Infantry.
Heinze, Milton R.— Corp., Co. D. 311th Infantry.
Heinze, Nelson J. — 1st Training Battalion. WA.
Heinze, William H.— Pvt., Co. M, 311th Infantry.
Heisler, John G. — Pvt., Co. B, 54th Engineers.
Heiser, Robert W.— Sgt., Supply Co., 309th Infantry.
Heiss, Franklyn B.— Pvt., Co. D, 214th Engineers.
Heitmann, Edw. C— Co. K, 306th Infantry.
Heitz, William J.— Pvt., Co. C, 2d.
Hejmanowski, Peter — Pvt., 307th Labor.
Hejza, John— Pvt.. Co. E, 3d U. S. Infantry.
Held, Alfred John— 346th Machine Gun Battalion.
Held, Charles H.— Co. F, 51st Pioneer Infantry.
Held, Clarence P — Wagoner, 348th Supply Infantry.
Heldwein, John — Pvt., 2d Co., Engineers, 99th Div.
Helenbrook, William D.— Pvt., S. A. T. C. Rock, N. Y.
Helf, Roy M. — Corp., Motor Command.
Heller, Jacob — 1st Lieut., Medical Corps.
Heller, Benjamin— Sgt., Coast Art. Corps, 10th Co.,S.F.
Hellinger, Albert — Pvt., 75th Co., Syracuse.
Helmer, Geo. F. — 307th Infantry Headquarters.
546
Buffalo's Part in the World War
Helmicki, Joseph — Pvt. Prisoner, returned to France
January 21, 1919.
Helminiak, Casimer — Pvt., Co. A, 162d Infantry.
Helwic, Ray— Pvt., Co. D, U. S. Guards, 9th Battalion.
Hewig, Eugene C. — Lieut., Camp Meade, Md.
Helmerlein, Simon — Sgt., 4th Brigade.
Hemerlein, William E.— Sgt., 327th Co., Rem't Au.x. G.
Hemmert, Harry — 307th.
Henderson, Louis S. — Pvt., Machine Gun Battalion.
WA October 8, 1918.
Henderson, Raymond P.— 1st Sgt., 16th Co., 53d Depot
Brigade.
Hendler, Robert L. — Pvt., 437th Engineer Corps.
Hendricks, Ezra P.— Pvt., S. A. T. C.
Hendricks, Francis— Pvt., S. A. T. C.
Henfling, George — Pvt., Battery A, 2d Field Artillery.
Henfling, Joseph — Cook, Co. C, 312th Engineers.
Henfling, Michael J.— Pvt., Co. D, 58th Field Artillery.
Henk, Harry— Pvt., Co. K, 51st.
Henline, Edward J. — Drafted November 10.
Henline, Walter F. — Pvt., Headquarters, 302d Engrs.
Henline, William G.— Pvt., Battery F, 335th F. A.
Henn, Frank A. — Pvt., Headquarters, Headquarters
Motor Detachment, 104th Ammunition Train.
Hennessy, William J.— Sgt., Co. H, 343d Infantry.
Hennessey, Wm. J.— Pvt., S. A. T. C.
Hennig, Jay H.— Capt., Co. D, 320th Battalion, Motor
Supply. WA September 27, 1918.
Hennig, John G. — Corp., Co. B, 302d Engineers.
Henning, Charles J. — 1st Lieut.
Henning, Henry — Quartermaster Corps, Railroad Det.
Henning, Wm. A. — Cook, 23d Co., Developing Batt'n.
Henrich, Edwin H. — Pvt., 61st Infantry, Machine Gun.
WA November 8, 1918.
Henrichsen, Troy S.— Corp., Co. D, 1st Army Head-
quarters.
Henry, Albert— Pvt., Headquarters, Tr., 78th Div.
Henry, Charles S.— Pvt., Co. C, 311th Ambulance
Corps.
Henry, Fred J. — Pvt., Coast Art. Corps, 7th Boston.
Henry, Lawrence W. — Pvt., Medical Corps.
Henry, Lela nd B.— Sgt., 39th Infantry Headq'rs. G.
Henry, W illiam M. — Pvt., Quartermaster Corps, 319th
Supply.
Hens, Leo L.— Pvt., Base Hospital 216.
Hensel, Walter F. — Sgt., Motor Transport, Eng. Div.
Hensel, William F. — Co. F, 51st Pioneer Infantry.
Henshaw, Elmer G. — Corp., 302d Engineers' Headq'rs.
Henshaw, Harry J.— Pvt., 95th Co., 6th Regiment. WA.
Henshaw, Melvin C— Pvt., Headq'rs Co., 312th Eng.
Hensinger, Charles B. — U. S. Provost Guard.
Hensler, Albert — Co. S, Aberdeen Proving Grounds.
Hepp, Robert — Pvt., Ordnance.
Hepp, Walter F.— Sgt., Co. F, 1st Gas.
Heppner, Louis E. — Sgt., 74th Machine Gun.
Herb, Emil— Pvt., Co. M, 311th Infantry, A. E. F. WA.
Herbert, Millard J.— Corp., 11th Co., 3d Battalion,
153d Depot Brigade. WA.
Herbst, Jesse W.— Pvt., 306th Field Hospital, 302d
Sanitary Train.
Herd, Richard— Pvt., S. A. T. C, (Cornell LTniversityj.
Herger, Charles C— Pvt., S. A. T. C.
Herger, Howard C— Corp., S. A. T. C.
Hergett, Harry L. — Lieut., Co. F, 31st Engineers.
Herington, Geo. B.— Corp., Co. D, 106th Supply Train.
Herington. Harvey M. — Pvt., 303d Military Police.
Herman, Albert — Pvt., 301st Unit, Quartermaster Corps
Ship Repair Shop.
Herman, Emil — Pvt., Provost Guard, Military Police.
Herman, Frank M. — Pvt. WA.
Herman, Joseph — 1st U. S. Military Police.
Herman, Steve — Pvt., Remount Depot 302d.
Hermann, Edwin F.— Pvt., Co. E, 106th Am. Train.
Herniman, Charles R.— Pvt., Battery C, 36th F. A.
Herniman, Lester T.— 217th Co., 109th Battalion Corps
Military Police.
Herold, Paul J. — Pvt., 7th Casual Co., 1st Provisional
Regiment.
Herold, George P.— Pvt., 20th Co., Central Officers'
Training School.
Herr. Charles J. — 153d Depot Brigade, Camp Di.x. N. J.
Herrick Ed. F. — Central Officers' Training School.
Herrle, Wallace — Pvt., A. M. C. Laundry 1st.
Herrmann, .John — Pvt., Battery A, 2d Regiment.
Hirschbeck, Clarence W. — Pvt. WA.
Hersey, George W. — Pvt., Psychiaitric.
Hertel, George— Pvt., Co. H, 345th Infantry.
Hertel, Phihp— Pvt., Co. F, 12th Supply Train.
Herter, Louis — Corp., 15th Detachment.
Hertz, Eugene A.— Battery E, 36th Field Artillery.
Herzog, Wilberforce B. — Pvt., Co. A, Students' Army
Training Corps, i Syracuse University).
Hesch, Herman— Pvt., Co. F, 307th.
Heskin, Louis— Pvt., Co. G, 346th Infantry.
Hess, Frederick — Sgt., Medical Supply Base Section 2.
Hess, George H. — Corp., Battery C, Tractor Artillery,
1st Army.
Hess, Henry — Sgt., Quartermaster.
Hess, William T. — Pvt., Headquarters, 306th Infantry.
Hessel, John H.— Pvt., 10th Co., 156th Depot Brigade,
3d P. R.
Hesselschwerdt, Fred H.— S. A. T. C.
Hessinger, Geo. V. — Pvt., Co. D, 312th Engineers.
Hessinger, Henry — Sgt., 326th Bakery.
Hessinger, John H. — Pvt., Camp Upton.
Hessler, Cort L. F. — Pvt., 3d Air Service.
Hetzel, August J. — Corp., 1st Infantry.
Hetzel, Raymond C— Pvt., Co. C, 309th Infantry.
Hetzel, Roswell F.— Ist-class Electrician, 2d Field Bat-
talion Signal Corps.
Hetzelt, Erwin F.— Corp., S. A. T. C.
Heufling, Michael L.— A. S. M. M. Barr. K. 10th.
Heusel, Raymond — 1st Lieut., Medical Reserve Corps.
Heuser, Lawrence — Pvt., Co. B, 65th.
Heussler, Herman K. — Corp., 15th Co., 1st Prov. Wing.
Hever, William — Corp., Co. C, 302d Engineers.
Hewitt, Charles F.— Pvt. 346th Machine Gun Co.
Hewitt, Charies P.— Radio Elec, 209th Field Signal
Battalion.
Hewitt, James F. — Sgt., Quartermaster Corps.
Hewitt, John W.— Motor Truck Corps, 730th U. S.
Supply Base.
U. S. Army
547
Hey, Natthias C— 27th Co., 7th BattaUon, Depot Bri-
gade, Camp Upton.
Heyden, Frank H.— Pvt., Co. C, Casual Tanks.
Hezmalhalch, Arthur — Corp. WA.
Hiam, WilHam L.— Co. M, 309th Infantry. Trans-
ferred to Ordnance Department, H. M. O. R. S.
Hibbard, Dan R. — Corp., Headquarters, 31 1th Infantry.
Hibbard, George — Corp. 438th Engineers.
Hibbard, Gordon B. — Pvt., 438th Engineers.
Hibbard, Harry F.— Corp., Service M. O. F. C.
Hibbard, Harry H.— 1st Sgt., 19th Coast Art. Corps.
Hibbard, Raymond R.— Ist-class Pvt., Co. C, 212th
Engineers.
Hibbard, Vernon E.— Pvt., Co. D, 311th Infantry.
Hibbs, Leon J.— Pvt.
Hickey, James T.— Pvt., Co. C, 3d Anti-Air Craft Bat.
Hickey, Michael A. — 116th Engineers.
Hickler, Edw. — 17th Detachment Corps.
Hickler, Thomas— Pvt., Co. I, 317th Infantry.
Hickman, .James C. — Col., Ordnance Department.
Hickman, Willis G. — 1st Lieut., A. S. A.
Higginbotham, Edwin S. — Lieut., Ordnance Corps.
Higgins, James B. — Pvt., Co. C, Tank Corps, Battalion
333d, Camp Colt.
Higgins, Timothy E. — Pvt., 12th Artillery, Trench Mor-
tar Battery..
Higgins, William J.— Pvt., 36th Field Artillery.
Hilbert, Faye W. — Service Engineer.
Hilborn, William J.— Pvt., 93d Co., 7th.
Hilburger, Frank X.— Pvt., Co. E, 311th Infantry.
Injured October 23, 1918.
Hildebrandt, Fred — Pvt., 328th Headquarters.
Hilger, Charles G.— Pvt. WA.
Hill, Albert C.—Pvt., Co. F, 5th Engineers.
Hill, Cecil M.— Pvt., 1st M. M. Reg., U. S. Air Service.
Hill, Charles D.— Pvt. WA.
Hill, Chester E.— Pvt., Co. K, 52d Pioneer Infantry.
Hill, Clarence A., Dr.— Lieut., U. S. Army, 1st N. Y.,
General Hospital, Williamsbridge.
Hill, C. A.— Lieut., Unit 1, U. S. Hospital.
Hill, Charles D.— Pvt. WA.
Hill, Gus.— Pvt. WA October 15, 1918.
Hill, Herbert W., Jr.— Corp., 15th Co., 20th Engineers.
Hill, Howard J. — Corp., Band, 303d Engineers.
Hill, Harold P.— Pvt. WA.
Hill, Millard A.— Pvt., Co. D, 312th Ammunition
Train
Hillebrand, Fred H.— Co. C, U. S. Guards, 14th Bat.
Hillen, William F.— Pvt., Headquarters, 345th Bat-
talion, Tank Corps.
Hillert, Edward C— Corp., 347th Infantry.
Hillery, Wm. — Corp., Students' Army Training Corps.
Hillman, Elwood M.— Pvt., 520th Co., Motor Truck.
Hillock, Joseph— Pvt., Co. K, 19th Regiment, Engi-
neers Transport Corps.
Hilts, Joseph B.— Corp. WA.
Himelfarb, Harry — Pharmacist Mate.
Himelfarb, Julius— App. S., S. A. T. C.
Himmele, William T.— Pvt., 301st Unit, Mech. Repair
Shop.
Hinca, Leo — Pvt., Co. G, 347th Infantry.
Hinman, Walter L.— 1st Lieut., 228th, 368th French
Infantry and 5th U. S. Marines. WA June 10, 1918
at Belleau Wood. WA July 18, 1918 at Soissons.
Hinnan, Raymond C. — U. S. Naval Reserves.
Hintermeier, Fred'k J.— Corp., Co. G, 348th Infantry,
87th Division.
Hintermeier, Edw. G.— Pvt., Co. H, 348th Infantry,
87th Division.
Hirsch, Charles A.— Corp., 336th Butchery Co.
Hirsch, Richard — Capt., Surgeon, 344th Quartermaster
Loba Battalion.
Hirschbeck, Clarence W.— Pvt. WA.
Hirschberger, Arthur W. — Corp., Co. K, 73d Infantry.
Hirschberger, Fred L.— Pvt., Co. D, 346th Infantry.
Hirschberger, John K. — Bugler, Co. C, 312th Engineers.
Hirshman, Oscar B. — Corp., Co. K, 126th. WA August,
1918.
Hise, Arthur C. — Chief Mechanic, Battery A, 125th
Field Artillery.
Hitzel, Frank F., Pvt.— Medical Corps. WA Dec. 25.
Hixson, E. — 1st Sgt., 7th Machine Gun.
Hoadley, Bruce J. — Cook, 8th Regiment, 3d Brigade
Headquarters, C. C. Field Artillery.
Hoadley, Howard W. — Pvt., Camp Humphrey.
Hobson, Tracy W.— Sgt., Co. D, 303d Engineers.
Hoch, William— Pvt., Co. G, 307th Infantry. WA
September 6.
Hoch, George J.— Pvt. WA.
Hock, Edwin O. — Pvt., 152d Depot Headquarters Co.,
Camp Upton.
Hock Edw. L.— Co. H 59th Pioneer Infantry.
Hock, George— Pvt., Co. G, 307th Infantry. WA
September 1918.
Hoclisruski, John— Pvt., Co. A, 502d.
Hoctor, Frank A.— Corp., Co. E, 361st Infantry.
Hoctor, Roderick G.— Pvt., Motor Transport, C. A. S. C.
Hoctor, William H.— Pvt., Battery B, 32d F. A.
Hoddick, Alvin C. — Lieut., Air Service.
Hoddick, Arthur H. — Lieut., Air Service.
Hodges, Arthur — Pvt., Aux. Remount.
Hodges, Frederick A.— Pvt., Co. D, 311th Infantry.
Hodges, Leroy S. — Pvt., Co. K, 51st Pioneer Infantry.
Hoe, Garnet— Pvt., Co. B, 302d Engineers.
Hoe, Robert — Pvt., 87th Canadian Infantry.
Hoeffler, Harold H.— Sgt.
Hoefler, John H.— Pvt., Co. B, 312th Engineers.
Hoefling, Alois.
Hoefling, Joseph G.
Hoefner, Anthony F. — Pvt., 306th Ambulance.
Hoefner, John A.— Sgt., 502d Motor Truck Co.
Hoefner, La Vern F. — Sgt., 309th Inf. Machine Gun.
Hoehman, Howard D. — Lieut., Medical Corps.
Hoehn, Howard P.— Pvt., Co. E, 311th Infantry.
Hoelcle, John A.— Pvt., Co. A, 347th Infantry, 87th Div.
Hoelscher, Louis H. — M. M. 2d C. R., 15th Aviation.
Hoelzle, Fred— Pvt., Co. B. U. S. Guards.
Hoepfinger, William— Pvt., Co. C, 312th Am. Train.
Hoerbelt, Joseph B.— Pvt., Co. B, 346th Infantry.
Hoerbelt, Vincent W. — Pvt., 21st Engineers.
Hoerbelt,William F.— Pvt., Machine Gun Co., 346th Inf.
Hoerber, John H.— Pvt., 305th Field Artillery.
548
Buffalo's Part in the World War
Hoerner, Edwin J.— Pvt. Co. B, 346th Infantry.
Hoesel, Joseph B.— Pvt., 9th Co., Fort Schuyler, N. Y.
Hoesel, Raymond— Pvt., Co. A, Section B, S.A.T.C.
Hoesel, Rudolf.
Hoesel, Vincent — Corp., Co. H, 68th Infantry, Camp
Sheridan.
Hoflf, David A.— Sgt., Co. A, 50th.
Hoff, Nelson P. — Corp., Headquarters Co., 61st.
Hoff, Schuyler L. — 1st Lieut., Aviation.
Hoffer, Joseph — Co. E, 1st Army Headquarters.
Hoffer, Stephen~Pvt., Co. E, 311th Machine Gun Bat.
Hoffman, Albert C. — Corp., 309th Infantry Headq'rs.
Hoffman, Charles J. — Corp., Infantry Headquarters.
Hoffman, Edward A. — Pvt.
Hoffman, Edw. F.— Sgt., 287th Aero Squadron.
Hoffman, Edw. J.— Pvt., Co. I, 306th Infantry.
Hoffman, George E.— Pvt., Co. I, Unit 302d, Quarter-
master Corps, Mech. Repair Shop.
Hoffman, George — Pvt., Supply Co., 77th Infantry.
Hoffman, George G.— Pvt., 1st Co., 302d G. M. C.
Hoffman, George P. — Pvt., Co. F, 147th Engineers.
Hoffman, Gustave P.— Pvt., Co. F, 34th Field Artillery,
Hoffman, Harvey P.— 1st Lieut., Field Hospital 248.
Medical Detachment, 151st Depot Brigade.
Hoffman, Henry— Pvt., 308th Ambulance, 302d San-
itary Train.
Hoffman, .John L. — 2d Lieut., 57th Training Battalion,
Central Officers' Training School.
Hoffman, Paul A.— Pvt. WA.
Hoffman, Peter M.— Corp., Co. A, S. A. T. C.
Hoffman, Philip C— Lieut., U. S. Reserves, Co. F,
2d Training Regiment.
Hoffman, T. A.— Pvt. Battery A, 59th Field Artillery.
Hoffman, Edward A.— Pvt., Co. H, 306th Infantry.
Hoffmann, Jacob— Pvt., 303d.
Hoffmann, Theodore E. — Corp., Chemical Warfare Serv.
Hoffmeyer, Norbert C— Pvt., S. A. T. C.
Hofner, Edw. J. — Pvt. , Co. C, Ordnance Repair Shop 5th.
Hofner, James G. — Pvt., 152d Depot Brigade. Injured
September 25, 1918.
Hofner, Frank — Pvt., Medical Corps, U. S. General
Hospital 8.
Hofner, George N., Jr.— Corp., Co. C, 302d.
Hogan, Arthur R. — 528th Motor Transport Corps,
M. S. J. 425th.
Hogan. Daniel J. — Pvt., Co. B, 303d Ammunition
Train.
Hogan, James— Pvt., Co. F, 102d. WA October 3d.
Hogan, Robt. L. — Pvt., Students' Army Training Corps.
Hogan, Walter— Pvt., Battery E, 334th Field Artillery.
Hohensee, Charles C. — Pvt., 90th Transport Corps.
Hohenstein, Edw. J. — Cook, 309th Infantry Headq'rs.
Hohi, Charles F.— Sgt., 427th S. P. V.
Hohman, Frank C. — Deto Court Reporters Judge Ad-
vocate Court.
Hohn, Edwin L.— Sgt., Co. A, 332d Bat. Tank Corps.
Hojnicki, Frank J .—3d Battalion, A. P. 0. 778, F. A. R. R.
Hojnacki, Leon A. — Pvt., Co. A, 52d Engineers.
Hojnacki, William F.— Pvt., 326th Infantry Supply.
Holbrook, Albert J. — 1st Lieut., Aviation Sec, Signal
Corps.
Holcomb, Ray E.— 11th Training Battery, Field Artil
lery Central Officers ' Training School, Camp Zachary
Taylor.
Holden, Lathrop — Pvt., Co. G, 1st Army Headquarters.
WG July 20th.
Holender, Fred — Pvt., 352d Aerial Squadron.
Holender, Grad G. — Base Sec. 2, Judge Advocate Office.
Holland, Elmer A. — Sgt., 109th Aero Squadron.
Holland, Merton J. — 815th Battalion, Stevedore.
Holderman, Chris H.— Corp., Co. B, 307th Am. Train.
Holdsworth, .James E. — Wagoner, Co. E, 25th Engineers.
HoUey, .Joseph E.— Pvt. WA.
Hollfelder, John— Battery D, 305th Field Artillery.
Hollister, Evan— Capt., 302d Field Artillery.
HoUoway, Elmer J. — Pvt., Medical Department.
HoUway, Monreith C. — 1st Lieut., 151st Depot Brigade.
Holman, Thomas H. — Pvt., 151st Depot Brigade,
Transport Depot.
Holmes, Harvey J. — Pvt. ,311th Infantry Headq'rs WA.
Holmes, Robert L. — Pvt., Battery A, 7th Regiment,
Field Artillery.
Holmes, Thad W.— Sgt., Co. D, 311th Infantry.
Holmes, Walter E.— Sgt., Co. B, 308th Machine Gun
Battalion.
Holmes, Wesley W. — Pvt., 3d A. R. D., Quartermaster
Corps.
Holmes, William— Co. C, 1st Battalion, C. R. F.
Holmlund. Harry A.— Pvt., Co. A, 31st Division, 106th
Supply Train.
Holslag, Henry— Pvt. WA.
Holt, John R.— Cook, Co. A, 39th Engineers.
Holzhausen, John P. — Pvt., Co. B, 1st Pioneer Infantry
Holzman, Edward J. — Sgt., Co. M, 2d Infantry.
Hondzinski, Julius — Pvt., Co. A, 348th Infantry.
Honegger, Fred H.— Pvt., Co. D, 302d Engineers.
Honhart, Harold E. — 1st Lieut., Air Service.
Honsberger, Albert— Corp., 28th Co., 7th Tank Bat.
Honsberger, Fred — Corp., Co. M, 306th. Injured No-
vember 6th.
Hoock, Albert C— Pvt., 4th Co., 99th.
Hood, Charles J.— 33d Co., 9th Battalion, 153d Depot
Brigade.
Hook, Charles — Pvt., Chemical Warfare Service.
Hook, Edw. E. — 682d Aero Squadron, Aviation.
Hook, Leo T. — Pharmacist, Hospital Unit 23.
Hoole, Robert S.— 2d Lieut., Co. B, 307th Machine Gun
Battalion.
Hoolihan, Thomas— Pvt., Co. F, 18th Infantry.
Hopkins, Mark — 1st Lieut., Signal Corps, Aviation Sec.
Hopkins, Walter J. — Corp., 2d Battalion, 303d Ammu-
nition Train, Headquarters Detachment.
Hoppe, Edw. A.— Pvt., Co. C, 303d Motor Supply Co.
Hoppe, Edward L.— Pvt., 58th Co., Medical Corps.
Hoppey, Joseph W. — Co. H, 59th Infantry.
Horan, John J. — Sgt., 34th Co., Central Officers' Train-
ing School.
Horey, Claude E.— Co. C, 112th Military Police, 37th
Division.
Horn, Carl G.— Sgt. Maj., 309th Headquarters. G Oct.
3, 1918.
Horn, Jacob J.— Pvt., Co. L, 306th Infantry. WA.
U. S. Army
549
Horn, Philip J.— Pvt., 2d Battery, Field Artillery R. R.
Hornberger. Art J. — 2d Lieut., 496th Aero Squadron.
Hornberger, Walter J.— Pvt., 6th Co., 303d Field Signal
Battalion. G October, 1918.
Hornung, Charles F. — Lieut., Camp Surgeon.
Horschel, E. F.— Pvt., 303d Military Police.
Horton, George R. — Pvt., Co. A, 303d Engineers.
Horwitz, Abraham — Co. D, Medical.
Hoskins, Harold— Pvt. WA.
Hosmer, Carl— Dr., 701st Co., 66th.
Hosmer, C. J., Dr.— Pvt., 66th Transport Corps.
Hotchkiss, E. E.— Pvt., 304th Lifantry.
Hottum, Philip A. — Co. C, 3r2th Ammunition Train,
87th Division.
Houck, John, Jr. — Corp., Co. D, 302d Engineers.
Hourigan, James J. — Corp. WA.
Hourt, Elmer T.— Corp. W.
Hourt, Walter J.— Pvt., Supply Co., 12th Regiment.
House, Harry — Quartermaster Detachment, B. 4th.
House, John J. — Pvt., 327th Infantry, Headquarters Co.
House, Robert K. — Top Sgt., Quartermaster Corps.
House, Sherman — Corp., 332d Co., Aero Service Squad.
Houseal, Edward B.— Pvt. WA October 29, 1918.
Hout, Eugene E.— Pvt., 10th Co., 3d Training Bat-
talion, 156th Depot Brigade.
How, Clarence P.— Pvt , 306th Machine Gun Battalion.
WA October 1, 1918.
Howard, Harold O.— Corp., Co. D, 311th Infantry.
Howard, Herbert A., Jr.— Pvt., 321st M. R. S. U. M. T. C.
How, Clarence P.— Pvt., Co. D, 306th Machine Gun
Battalion. Injured August 24, 1918.
Howe, Clifton G.— 1st Lieut., 89th Division, 356th Inf.
Howe, Howard J.— Pvt. WA.
Howe, Herold E.— Pvt., Co. G, 311th.
Howe, William S. — Sgt., Camp Wadsworth, Head-
quarters Detachment.
Howland, Charles D.— Co. G, 59th Infantry.
Hoyt, Earl F.— Co. E, 348th Infantry, 87th Division.
Hout, Charles J.— Sgt., 4th Co., 1st M. N. Regiment,
Air Service.
Howe, Vernon D. — Pvt., Repair, 305th Motor Trans-
port Corps.
Howlett, Paul M.— Sgt., Battery E, 35th Regiment, F.A.
Housman, Gerhard J.— Pvt., Co. F, 312th Supply Tr.
Hoyer, George B. — 1st Lieut., 12th Ammunition Train,
Heavy Field Artillery, Camp McClellan.
Hoyer, Frank L. — 2d Lieut., Battery C, 112th Heavy
Field Artillery.
Hubbard, Arthur G., Jr.— Pvt., Co. C, 302d Reg't Eng.
Hubbard, Curtis T.— Pvt., Co. D, 311th U. S. Infantry.
Hubbard, Daniel R.— Corp., Co. D, 311th U.S. Infantry.
Hubbard, George C. — 2d Lieut., Aviation.
Hubbard, Harry— Pit. Sgt., Co. D, 110th Infantry.
Hubbard, Stuart A.— Pvt., 66th Co., 5th Regiment.
Huber, Albert H.— Sgt., 147th Engineers.
Huber, Adam L.—Pvt., Co. C, 307th Inf. WA Vesle.
Huber, Charles J. — Capt., Ordnance Department.
Huber, Emil A.— Corp., Co. G, 348th Infantry.
Huber, Leo E.— Ist-class Pvt., Co. F, 345th Infantry.
Huber, Lawrence M. — Pvt., Co. E, 306th. Injured
August 26, 1918.
Huber, Martin F. — 71st Washington Barracks, Engrs.
Huber, Wm. T.— Capt., Co. F, 212th Engineers.
Hubert, H. J.— Pvt., 349th Field Artillery.
Hudack, George J. — Co. B, 306th Infantry. Injured
November 2d.
Hudson, Chauncey F. — Sgt., 498th Aero Squadron.
Hudson, Joseph L. — Pvt., Students' Army Training
Corps, (Yale University).
Huebbers, John J.— Pvt., 338th Co., Guard and Fire.
Huefner, Anthony — Corp., Co. E, 312th Engineers.
Huffsey, Clifford W.— Pvt., Reg.
Hufnagel, Christ— Pvt., Co. M, 311th Infantry. WA
November 5, 1918.
Hufstader, William F. — 2d Lieut., Quartermaster Corps
Requirements O. D. P. S. & T, Washington.
Huffstidler, John H. — Pvt., Headquarters for Corps
and Army Troops. Injured September 29, 1917.
Hugenin, Faron B. — Pvt. WA.
Hughes, Chas. V.— WA.
Hughes, Daniel J.— Pvt., Co. B, 347th Infantry.
Hughes, Edw. E.— Sapper, Canadian C. R. T. D, WA.
Hughes, Eugene P. — Pvt. WA.
Hughes, G. — Pvt., Canadian Expeditionary Forces. WA
October 30, 1918.
Hughes, Geo. F. — Corp.
Hughes, .John J. — Pvt., Co. C, 62d Engineers.
Hughes, John L.—Pvt., Co. I, 307th Infantry. WG
October 18, 1918.
Hughes, John O. — Lieut., Quartermaster Corps.
Hughes, Robert E. — Sgt., Co. M, 53d Pioneers.
Hughes, Wm. T. — Cook, Aviation Corps.
Hughto, Clarence — Wagoner, 1st Field Artillery.
Huguenin, Faron B. — Pvt. WA.
Huk, Michael— Pvt. WA August 21, 1918.
Hull, Wm. E.— Sgt., Medical Dept., General Hospital 4.
Hultman, Aruid L.— Sgt., Co. B, 3d Anti-Air Craft
Machine Gun Battalion.
Hume, Allison K, Jr.— Pvt., 88th Co., Central Prisoner
of War Escort.
Humbert, Charles N.— Pvt., Co. E, 64th Engineers.
Humbert, Clarence— Pvt., Co. L, 311th Infantry.
Hultman, Verner A. — Sgt., Co. B, 211th Engineers.
Hume, John Van Derlip — Capt., 11th Field Artillery.
WG November 9, 1918.
Humig, Gerhard J.— Pvt., Co. B, 346th Infantry.
Hummel, Geo. C. — Pvt., Ordnance Department.
Hunkemoeller, .losef F.— Pvt., Co. C, 61st Infantry.
Injured October 12, 1918.
Humbert, Chas. N.— Pvt., Co. E, 64th Engineers.
Humbert, .Jos. S.— Pvt., Battery A, 304th F. A.
Hummel, Harry H.— Pvt., Co. A, 305th Machine Gun
Battalion.
Hunn, Clifford I.— Lieut., Adj., 141st Infantry. WG.
Hunt, Emmet — Pvt., Headquarters Co., 12th Infantry.
Hunt, Everette H. — Lieut., Air Service.
Hunt, John E.— Corp., Co. F, 146th Infantry. WA
September 29, 1918.
Hunt, Lester M. — Wagoner, Headq'rs Troop, 27th Div.
Hunt, Norris M. D.— 2d Lieut., Co. M, 364th Infantry.
Hunt, Robert— Pvt., Co. G, 348th Infantry.
Hunt, Ross L.—Pvt., 5th.
550
Buffalo's Part in the World War
Hunter, Floyd W.— Pvt., S. A. T. C.
Hunter, Geo. C— Ist-class Sgt., 301st Co., Refrigerat-
ing Plant.
Hunter, Ray V.— Sgt., Co. E, 302d Engineers.
Huntzinger, Howard P. — Sgt.
Hupf, Frank X.— Bugler, Co. G, 348th Infantry.
Huntz. Peter A. — Co. A, 302d Ammunition Train.
Hupf. Philip G.— Pvt., Co. B, 8th Field Signal Battalion.
Hurcomb, Chas. P. — Lieut., 2d Coast Artillery.
Hurd, Fred S.— Corp.
Hurley, Daniel S.— Co. D, 308th Machine Gun Bat.
Hurley, John J. — Pvt., Supply Co., 1st Division.
Hurley, Patrick G.— Pvt., Co. G, 21st Engineers.
Huroods, Wilham— Pvt., Co. I, 148th Infantry. WA.
Huss, Frank— Pvt., Co. F, 345th Infantry.
Hussebeck, Raymond.
Hussell, LeRoy E. — Lieut., Air Service, Can. Ex. Forces.
Huster, Edmund — Sgt., 3d Co., 153d Depot Brigade.
Hutch, Thomas E.— Corp., Co. H, 311th Infantry.
Hutchinson, Clifford — Pvt., Quartermaster Corps.
Huth, Fred— Pvt., Co. I, 31 1th Infantry. WA July 1918.
Huthman, George A. — Sgt., 746th Motor Transport.
Hutt, Clarence E.— Pvt., Co. C, S. A. T. C.
Hutten, Joseph J. — Pvt., Co. B, 37th Engineers.
Hutten, William — Cook, Co. F, 3d Pioneer Infantry.
Hylant, Edw. P., Jr.— Lieut., 310th Infantry. WA.
Hyman, Edward L. — Officer, War Activity Department
Hyman, Henry E. — Pvt., Reclamation Candidate.
Hyman, Sydney M.— Pvt., Co. C, S. A. T. C.
lano, Carl — Pvt., Quartermaster Corps.
Idem, Philip J.— Mech., 238th Aero Squadron.
Idem, William— Pvt., Co. A, 306th Infantry. WA
August 18, 1918.
Iglewski, Ignatz — Pvt., 153d Depot Brigade.
Ignasiak, Stephen — loth Sanitary Squad.
Ignasiak, Waclaw — Pvt., Machine Gun Co., 348th Inf.
Ignasiak, Walter — Salvage Detachment Quartermaster
Corps.
Ignatowski, Joseph — Pvt.
Ignatowski, Walter— Pvt., Co. H, 306th Infantry. WA
October 17, 1918.
Ihde, James — Pvt., Motor Department.
Ihle, Bernhard C— Pvt., Co. C, 302d Engineers.
Impellitier, Camelo — Bugler, Co. A, 116th F. A.
Impey, Lome — Pvt. WA.
Inda, Edward — Corp.
Inderbitzen, Byron A.— Pvt., 306th Tank Corps.
Indyk, Leon— Pvt. WA.
Inglis, William— Pvt., Co. E, 403d Field Signal Bat.
Infantine, Joseph— Pvt., Co. H, 348th Infantry.
Ingram, Lester W. — 2d Lieut., Remount Depot.
Ippolito, Tony— Pvt. WA.
Irish, George A.— Pvt., 303d Field Signal Battalion.
Iroci, Fred — Pvt., Co. K, 7th Infantry.
Irr, Harold J. — Pvt., Chemical Warfare Service.
Irvine, Charles— Ist-class Pvt., Battery F, 18th F. A.
Irvine, George — Pvt., Co. F, Gordon Highlanders.
Irving, Elmer S. — Pvt., 18th Machine Gun Battalion.
Irwin. D. M., Jr.— S. A. T. C. (Williams).
Irwin, Kenneth 0. — Corp., 303d Engineers.
Isbrandt, Anthony — Pvt., Headquarters, 306th Infantry.
Isbrandt, Stanley — Ist-class Pvt., Quartermaster Corps.
Isch, Albert I.— Pvt., U. S. Guards.
Isenberg, Reuben — Pvt. WA.
Italiano, Sere— Bugler, Battery E, 335th Field Artillery.
Iten, Paul A.— 1st Sgt., Headqrs., 303d Tank Corps Bat.
Ives, Herbert L.— Pvt., Machine Gun Co., 307th Inf.
Ivey, C. T. — Pvt., Motor Transport Corps.
Ivey, W. T. — Pvt., Medical Division.
Izczerny, Anthony — Pvt., 2d Provisional.
Jablonski. Joseph — Pvt. WA.
Jacklis, James K. — 2d Lieut., Co. A, 6th Anti-Aircraft
Battalion.
Jacklewski, B.— Pvt., 107th Ordnance Depot.
Jacklewski, Joseph— Pvt., Battery B, 336th F. A.
Jackson, Collins H.— Sgt., Co. H, 372d Infantry. WG
.July 1918.
Jackson, Earl R. — Master at Arms, U. S.C.G. Academy.
Jackson, David H. — 2d Lieut., Co. C.
Jackson, Ernest G.— Pvt. WA.
Jackson, Frank J.— Pvt., Co. F, 305th Infantry. WG
June 28, 1918.
Jackson, John H. — Sgt., Co. A, 552d Battalion.
Jackson, Joseph J. — Pvt. WA.
Jackson, Oddie J.— Pvt. WA.
Jackson, Phihp M.— Pvt., Co. A, S. A. T. C.
Jackson, Robert B. — Sgt., 6th Motor Mechanic.
Jackson, Theodore S. — Corp., 7th Co., Camp Meade.
Jacobs, Albert — Pvt., Students' Army Training Corps.
Jacobs, Daniel— Pvt., Co. F, 325th Infantry. WA
October 14, 1918.
Jacobs, Edward M.— Corp., Co. A, 306th Infantry. WA.
Jacobs, Herbert J. — Corp., Aero Squadron.
Jacobs, Walter E.— Pvt., Co. M, 311th Infantry. WA
October 24, 1918.
Jacus, Allen W. — Lieut. WA.
Jacus, Warren Y. — Pvt., Co. H, 59th Pioneers.
Jagodzinski, Adam — Co. B, 47th Battalion, V. S. Guard
Jagodzinski, Frank — Pvt., 311th Depot.
Jagodzinski, John — Pvt., Co. I, 68th Infantry.
Jagodzinski, Stanley — 59th Infantry.
Jagodzinski, Vincent F. — Casual Detachment.
Jaguckie, Louis — Pvt. WA.
Jakubawski, Anthony J. — Pvt.
Jakubawski, Charles — Corp., Coast Artillery Corps.
Jakubawski, John M. — Pvt., Co. B, Aero Squadron.
Jakubawski, John — Pvt. WA.
Jaman, John — Headquarters Detachment, 77th Div.
WA, Vesle.
Jakubawski, Stanley R. — Sgt., 9th Ammunition Train.
James, Norman Henry — Corp., 9th Headq'rs F. A.
James, William L.— Ist-class Pvt., Battery C, 349th
Field Artillery. WA October 31, 1918.
Jameson, Horace E. — Ist-class Pvt., 593d Ambulance
Service.
Jameson, Norris M. — 2d Lieut., Engineer Corps.
Jamison, Leonard A. — Pvt. WA.
Janes, Albert— Pvt., Co. M, 306th Infantry.
Janes, Clayton A.— Pvt., Co. B, 309th Infantry. WA
October 18, 1918.
Janiczewski, Peter — Pvt., Headquarters, 306th Infan-
try. WA October 14, 1918.
U. S. Army
551
Janik, Anthony A.— Pvt., Co. M, 12th Infantry.
Janik, Francis J. — Medical Corps.
Jankowski, Anthony — Pvt., Co. C, 104th Infantry.
Jankowski. Harry J. — Pvt., 152d Depot Brigade.
Jankowski, Leon J. — Co. C, 306th Machine Gun Bat-
talion. WA September 27, 1918.
Jankowski, Stanley — Co. G, 35th Engineers.
Jankowski, Stanley F.— Pvt., Battery C, 21st F. A.
Jankowski, Steve D.— Pvt., Battery D, 77th F. A.
WA October 10, 1918.
Janowitz, Dr. Alfred A. — 1st Lieut., 61st Infantry.
Jans, John — Pvt., Co. M, 59th Pioneers.
Janeskiewiz, Boleslaw — Pvt., Headquarters, .346th Inf.
Janicszewski, Peter — Pvt. WA.
Jarmakowski, Frank — Pvt., Co. F, 51st Pioneer Inf.
Jarmuz, Stanley — Quartermaster, Camp Dix.
Jarocinski, Edward — Pvt., Co. B, 347th Infantry.
Jaros, Waclaw — Pvt., 153d Depot Brigade.
Jarosynski, Felix — Pvt., 134th Field Artillery.
.Jarosynski. Michael — Pvt., 346th Infantry.
Jarvis, George B. — Ist-class Pvt., Battery E, 334th
Field Artillery.
Jarvis, Harold P.— 2d Lieut., 39th Co., 153d Depot
Brigade.
Jaskiewicz, — 87th Division.
Jaskiewicz, Peter — Pvt., Headq'rs, 51st Pioneer Inf.
Jaskowiak, Ignace — Pvt., Co. A, 302d Engineers.
Jaskowiak, Michael— Pvt., Co. E, 346th Infantry.
Jaslove, Jacob — Pvt., 21st Infantry.
Jasper, John A.— Pvt., Battery C, 105th Field Artillery.
WG September 29, 1918.
Jazowiak, Frank — Pvt. WA.
Jaszka, Joseph A.— Pvt., Co. B, 306th Infantry.
Jaworski, Walter — Pvt., Co. C, 303d Engineers.
Jeames, Edward— Pvt., Co. C, A. P. O.
Jedrzejewski, Anthony — Corp., Co. B, 17th Infantry.
Jeffers, Andrew P. — Pvt., Co. P, 21st Engineers.
JefTers, William A.— Pvt., Battery A, 63d F. A.
Jeflery, Millard V.— Pvt., 162d Infantry.
JefTery, William J. — Corp., 147th Infantry.
Jeffrey, Jerome M. — Lieut., Sanitary Corps, A. E. F.
Jehle, Albert C— Pvt., 11th Replacement.
Jehle, William F.— Pvt., 16th Co., 153d Depot Brigade.
Jenezewski, Waclaw — Pvt., Headquarters, 346th Inf.
Jendrasiak, Feli,\ — Pvt., 302d Engineers.
Jenkins, David— Bugler, Co. C, 49th Engineers.
Jenkins, Roland F. — Capt., Co. I, 319th Infantry.
Jenkinson, Albert— Pvt., Co. M, 348th Infantry.
Jennings, Joseph M. — Pvt., Co. A, 7th Machine Gun
Battalion. WA May 30, 1918.
Croix de Guerre for bravery at Chateau Thierry.
Jensen, Albert L. — Ist-class Pvt., Co. H, 311th Infantry
Jensen, Andrew A. — Sgt., Co. B, 404th Res. Lab. Bat.
Jepson, Samuel T.— Pvt. WA.
Jernatowski, Joseph A. — Pvt., Co. C, 312th Am. Train.
Jerome, Michael — Pvt.
Jerozal, Stanley — Pvt., Co. F, 147th Infantry.
Jerzewski, — Pvt., 1st Regiment, R. R. Field Artillery.
Jesak, Anthony — Pvt., Co. H, 59th Pioneer Infantry.
Jesiorowski, Vincent — Pvt., Co. M, 348th Infantry.
Jetter, Edward T.— Pvt., Co. G, 5th.
Jewell, Arthur D. — 1st Gun Pointer, Armed Guards.
Jewell, John S. — Radio Corp., Headquarters, 36th F. A.
Jewett, Carlton — Major, Ordnance Department.
Jewett, Edgar B. 2d— 1st Lieut., Battery D, 135th F. A.
Jewett, H. C— Col, 316th Engineers, Chief of Stafif,
91st Division. Distinguished Service Cross.
D. S. C. awarded Colonel Henry C. Jewett, 316th Engineers, for
extraordinary heroism in action during Argonne-Meuse offensive,
September 2.5th to October 4th 1918. Assigned to command of
Infantry Brigade. Colonel Jewett was directed to go forward,
find his brigade, and consolidate the regiments which had become
separated. He crossed territory under terrific fire and pulled up
rear regiment to aid the regiment in front which was directly en-
gaged, thereafter commanding the movement of both regiments in
a highly creditable manner. His services were officially recognized
by tile Governments of Great Britain. France and Italy by the
award of their Distinguished Service Medals.
.Jewett, Kelsey H. — Cadet, Reserve Officers' Training
Camp.
Jewett, Robert J. — 2d Lieut. Headquarters, 310th F. A.
Jezeorowski, John— Pvt., Co. H, 327th Infantry.
Jillson, George F. — Pvt., Headquarters, 328th Infantry.
WA October 25, 1918.
Jillson, Howard D.— Pvt. WA.
Jochum, Francis J. — Corp. WA.
Jochum, Michael — Medical Corps, Camp Dix.
Jochum, Jacob A.— Sgt., Co. C, 18th Infantry. WG
May 4, 1918, September 12, 1918.
Jocoy, Henry H. — Pvt., Quartermaster Corps.
Johannes, Edward J. — Wagoner, Co. B, 302d Am. Train.
John, Emil A.— Pvt., Co. K, 7th Infantry. WA July
25, 1918.
Johndahl, Carl L.— 1st Sgt., Co. D, 306th Infantry.
WA August 15, 1918.
Johnson, Arthur — Pvt., 309th Infantry. WA October
16, 1918.
Johnson, Arthur — Pvt. WA.
Johnson, Archie E., Jr. — Pvt., 17th Service Co., Signal
Corps.
Johnson, Burt E. — Corp., Co. A, 62d Engineers.
Johnson, Charles C— Bugler, Battery F, 4th F. A.
Johnson, Clarence R. — Battery D, 9th February Auto-
matic Replacement Draft.
Johnson, Daniel G.— Sgt., 8th Co., 2d A. S. M. R.
Johnson, Frank H. — Pvt., Medical Corps, Camp Dix.
Johnson, Fred B.— Corp., Co. H, 307th Infantry. WA
October 29, 1918.
Johnson, Gust— Pvt., Co. A, 308th Machine Gun Bat-
talion. WA.
Johnson, George T. — Pvt. WA.
Johnson, George W.— Pvt., 27th Division, 120th Auto.
Ordnance Repair Shop.
Johnson, Harold B. — 1st Lieut., Hospital Train 50.
Johnson, Harold J.— Pvt., M. R. S.
Johnson, Harry M. — Pvt., 4th Co., 152d Depot Brigade.
Johnson, Henry — Capt., A. G. D.
Johnson, Ira D. — 311th Infantry. WA.
Johnson, J. Allen — Pvt., Headquarters, 302d Engineers.
Johnson, John G. — Sgt. Maj., 807th Pioneer Infantry.
Johnson, Maynard J. — Corp., Battery A, 349th F. A.
Johnson, Milton M. — Pvt., Headq'rs, 2d Army Corps.
Johnson, Oscar — Sgt., Co. H, 311th Infantry.
Johnson, Percy Wm. — Pvt., Co. H, 35th Engineers.
WA November 10, 1918.
Johnson, Stanley C. — Ist-class Pvt.
552
Buffalo's Part in the World War
Johnson, William A. — 1st Lieut., 74th Co., 11th Infan-
try. 5th Division.
Johnson, William J.— Pvt., Supply Co., 307th Infantry.
Johnson, William R. — Pvt., Co. C, Casual Tank Corps.
Johnston, Elwood P.— Pvt., Co. C, 316th Field Signal
Battalion.
Johnston, Howard P. — Pvt., 412th Medical Corps.
Johnston, Irving H.— Pvt., Co. D, 147th Infantry.
Jokl, Alexander — Capt., Officers' Training Camp.
Jones, Arthur — 552d Engineers.
Jones, Charles D. — Aviation Corps.
Jones, Clayton A.— Sgt. WA.
Jones, Louis R. — Sgt., Photo. Sec, Air Service.
Jones, Elmer, Pvt., Battery E, 35th Field Artillery.
Jones, Frank — Corp., 348th Infantry.
Jones, Harold H. — 1st Lieut., 52d Brig. Headquarters.
Jones, John.
Jones, John W. — Pvt. Taken Prisoner.
Jones, Matthew — Pvt., Headquarters, 59th F. A.
Jones, Matthew F. — Pvt., 153d Depot Brigade.
Jones, Milo — Sgt., 1st A. S. Regiment.
Jones, Odon C. — 1st Sgt., Co. B, Ordnance Corps.
Jones, Valentine A.- Sgt., Chemical Warfare Depart-
ment. Gassed June 1918.
Jones, Walter L. — Quartermaster Sgt., A. G. D.
Jones, Walter F. — Pvt., Motor Transport Corps.
Jones, William — Pvt.. Quartermaster Corps.
Jones, William A. — Corp., 72d Balloon Co.
Jones, William H. — Sgt., 442d Engineers.
Jones, William L.— Pvt. WA.
Jones, Willis H.— Ordnance Sgt., Supply Co., 57th F. A.
Jaques, Raymond H. — Pvt., Army Headquarters.
Jordan, Dominico — Pvt., Co. D, 307th Infantry.
Jordan, Frank A.— Pvt., Co. A, 18th Infantry.
Jordan, John P.^Pvt., Co. F, 303d Engineers.
Jordan, Wm. J. — Corp., 88th Railroad Transport Corps.
Josifiak, Walter J. — Pvt., Artillery.
Joseph, Abe — Sgt., Quartermaster Corps.
Joseph, Alex— Pvt., Battery H, 36th Field Artillery.
Joseph, Frank— Corp., Co. G, 307th Infantry. WG
September 26, 1918.
Joslyn, Charles P. — Pvt., Chemical Warfare Service.
Josurak, Frank J.— Pvt., Co. F, 302d Engineers. WA
September 28, 1918.
Joyce, Daniel J. — Pvt., Co. I, 307th Infantry. Novem-
ber 3, 1918.
Joyce, Gilbert J.— Pvt., Co. G, 146th Infantry. WA
September 29, 1918.
Joyce, Raymond F. — Pvt., 43d Brigade, U. S. Guards.
Jozierski, Ludwick — Pvt., 312th Ammunition Train.
Jozwiak, Frank J. — Pvt. WA.
Judkins, Leonard— Pvt., Battery F, 349th F. A.
Juhre, Harvey J. — Ist-class Pvt., 302d Engineers.
Jung, Daniel — 1st Lieut., Medical Corps.
Jurek, Stanley — Pvt., 674th Aero Squadron.
Jusdowski, Bronislaus — Pvt., Supply Co., 311th Inf.
Justinger, Ira — Pvt., Co. D, 309th Infantry.
Kabel, Martin B. — Pvt., Co. C,12 Ammunition Train.
Kabach, Paul A.— Corp. WA.
Kabel, William A.— Pvt., 63d Co.,Transport Corps.
Kabel, William A.— Pvt., Co. A, 58th Engineers.
Kabres, Francis — Pvt. WA November 29, 1918.
Kaczmarck, Bernard — Pvt., 7th Co, 153d Depot Brig.
Kaczmarek, Boleslaw — Camp Wheeler.
Kaczmarck. Joseph — Pvt., Co. I, 311th Infantry WA
October 1918.
Kaczmarck, Walter — Pvt., Headq'rs Co., 51 Pioneers.
Kaczar, John — Pvt., Co. D, 303d Engineers.
Kaczor, Anthony F.— Co. G, 348th Infantry.
Kaefer, Harvey E.— Pvt., WA.
Kaeselan, Ernest A.— Pvt., S. A. T. C.
Kaeselam, Irving F. — Sergt., Machine Gun Co.. 309
Infantry WG.
Kaesser, Orton R.— Sergt., 2d Co., 0. C. D.
Kaesser, Walter F. Pvt., Battalion A, 59th F. A.
Kaffenberger, Karl G. — Capt., Supply Co., 55th Pioneer
Infantry.
Kahabka, Babtiste— Pvt., Co. E, 34th Field Artillery.
Kahabka, George J. — Pvt., 816 Aero Squadron.
Kahle, Richard Benton — Capt., Quartermasters' Corps
WA November 6, 1918.
Kaifer, Harry E.— Pvt., WA November 6, 1918.
Kaiser, Aloysius F. — Co. B, 37th Engineers.
Kaiser, Andrew — Corp., Co. A, 61st Infantry.
Kaiser, Benjamin G. — Pvt., Quartermasters' Corps.
Kaiser, Curt E.— Pvt. WA..
Kaiser, Erhart F.— Pvt. Co. D, 307th Infantry, WA.
September 17, 1918.
Distinguished Service Cross and Croix de Guerre.
Kaiser, Howard B. — Pvt., Theatrical Unit.
Kaiser, John J.— Pvt., Co. K, 345th Infantry.
Kaiser, Martin H. — Pvt., Co. D, 2d Anti-aircraft Gun
Battalion.
Kalacki, Stephen— Pvt., Co. M, 346th Infantry.
Kalback, Paul A.— Corp., WA.
Kalbfleisch, George J. — Medical Unit No. 15.
Kalemeja, Joseph L. — Pvt., WA.
Kaleta, John A. Sergt., Co. I, 47th Infantry. WA
October 15, 1918.
Kalinowski, John — Pvt., Co. C, 327th Infantry.
Kalinowski, Stanley — Sergt., Field Artillery. WA.
Kaliska, William G.— Capt., Machine Gun Co., 310th
Infantry, WA September 23, 1918.
D. S. C. and Croix de Guerre.
Kalurski, Gus— Pvt., Co. F, 87th Infantry.
Kame, James W. — Pvt., Co. E, 303d Motor Supply
Train.
Kamel, Benjamin — Pvt., Machine Gun Co., 306th Inf.
Kamerson, Oscar H. — Pvt., 39th Depot Brigade.
Kaminski, Chas. F.— Corp., Co. B, 309th Infantry.
Kaminski, Joseph B. — Pvt., 308th Ambulance Corps.
Kaminski, Andrew — Pvt., Co. L, 12th Infantry.
Kaminski, Frank J.— Sergt., Co. F, 28th Infantry, WA
August 28, 1918.
Kamm, Albert L.— Cook, Battery E, 36th F. A.
Kamm, George A. — Pvt., Machine Gun Co., 311th Inf.
Kamman, Arnold R. — Sergt.
Kammerer, John J. — Ist-class Pvt., Co. B, 164th Inf.
Kammerer, Joseph J. — Ordnance Branch, 315th Fire
and Guard Co.
Kammerer, Louis J.— Pvt., Co. B, 302d Supply Train.
KampofT, George P.— Pvt., Co. 20-47, 153d Depot Brig.
U. S. Army
553
Kamprath, Fred A.— Corp., Co. B, 344th Machine Gun
Battalion.
Kane, Albert— Pvt., 34th A. F. A. B. A.
Kane, Frank — Pvt., Headquarters, 10th Infantry.
Kane, James B. — Pvt., Machine Gun Co., 345th Inf.
Kane, James S. — Wagoner, Co. A, 304th Machine Gun
Battalion.
Kane, Roger J.— Pvt., Co. B, 1st U. S. A. Headq'rs Reg.
Kane, Thomas P.— Pvt., S. A. T. C.
Kane, Michael F.— Pvt., Co. C, 302d Engineers.
Kane, William V.— Pvt., S. A. T. C.
Kanel, Ben— Pvt., Machine Gun Co., 306th Infantry.
Kanhl, Arthur — Pvt.
Kantawski, S. — Camp Upton.
Kappen, John F.— Pvt., 21st Recruit Co.
Karaszewski, John F. — Pvt., Co. 2, Coast Artillery
Corps.
Karaszewski, Walter — Lieutenant, 27th Co., 165th
Depot Brigade.
Karcher, Frank J.— Bugler, Co. C, 335th Field Artillery.
Karcher, Harry M. — Sergt., Base Hospital 23.
Karg, Edward H.— Pvt., 9th Co., 56th Engineers.
Karlak, S. F. — Sergt., Quartermasters' Corp.
Karle, George J.— Pvt., Co. E, 147th Infantry, WA
October 5, 1918.
Karlien, Leo C. — Musician, 50th Pioneer Infantry.
Karneth, Lee— Pvt., WA October 2, 1918.
Karninski, John — Pvt., Division.
Karns, Jay B.— Corp., Co. B, 311th Infantry.
Karolczyk, Antoni — Pvt., WA.
Karpf, Foster — Pvt.
Karpik, John — Corp., Co. A, 48th Battalion.
Karpinski, Frank — 83d Co., 6th Regulars.
Karpinski, John — Pvt., Co. K, 51st Pioneer Infantry.
Kasprak, Joseph A. — Corp., Co. H, 78th Infantry.
Kasprzak, Walter— Cook, 306th Field Hospital.
Kaspiowicz, John — 19th Co., 5th Battalion.
Kassel, John J. — Pvt., Co. L, 346th Infantry.
Kassimi, Louis — Pvt.
Kaszynski, Joseph L.— Pvt., B. N. U. S. C. N. A.
Kaszynski, Vincent — Pvt., WA.
Katolik, Wladeslaw— Pvt., WA.
Katzka, Arthur H.— Pvt., Co. G, 329th Infantry.
Kaufman, C. L. — Pvt., 22d Engineers.
Kaufman, William— Pvt., Co. E, 311th Infantry, WG
October 8, 1918.
Kaufman, Charles — Pvt., 51th Pioneer Infantry.
Kaufman, Fred— Pvt., 309th Infantry.
Kaugt, William A. — Government Smokeless Powder
Plant.
Kauhl, Arthur J. — Ist-class Pvt., Quartermasters' Corps.
Kaun, Henr>' — Pvt., Quartermasters' Corps.
Kavanaugh, Frank J. — Pvt., 165th Machine Gun Bat-
talion. WA July 22, 1918.
Kavany, Thomas J. — Pvt., Headquarters Co., 147.
Kawa, Stanley— Pvt., 22d Co., 12th Regiment.
Kawa, Paul— Pvt., WA.
Kawal, Joseph — Corp., Headquarters Co., 51st Pioneers.
Kawalewski, Stephen F.— S. A. T. C.
Kawalski, Walter— Pvt., Battery E, 334th F. A.
Karolewsk, Stanislaus— Pvt., 77th Co., 306th Infantry.
Kay, Charles H.— Pvt., Co. D, 55th Field Signal Bat.
Kaye, Charles S. — Pvt.
Kayes, Joe E.— Pvt., WA.
Kayinske, Max— Pvt., Battery C, 36th Field Artillery.
Kazimieczak, Anthony — Pvt., Co. B, 345.
Kazmierczak, Frank — Pvt., Co. B, Engineers.
Kazmierezak, Joseph E. — Pvt., WA.
Kazmierzak, John — Corp., Battery E, 35th F. A.
Kazmiericzak, Michael — Sergt., Service Pach Unit 324.
Kazmierczak, Vincent F. — Pvt., Battalion B, 4th First
Army Replacement Depot.
Kaznowski, Adam — Pvt., 21st Engineers.
Keane, John P.— Pvt., Battery G, 304th Field Artillery.
Keane, Thomas J. — Pvt.
Kearn, John J.— Pvt. WA.
Keating, Michael J. — Pvt., Co. A, 62d Engineers.
Keating, Richard L. — Sergt., Co. E, 302d Engineers.
Keating, Theodore, B.— Capt., Co. I, 312th Infantry.
WA October 24, 1918.
Keck, David— Pvt., Co. G, 307th Infantry.
Keck, George F.— Pvt., WA October 17, 1918.
Keck, John — Pvt., Co. D, 51 Pioneers.
Keefe, Edward V. — Pvt., Co. K, 51st Pioneer Infantry.
Keefe, George N. — Sergt., 774th Co., Ordnance Dept.
Keefer, Harry A.— Pvt., Co. E, 309.
Keefe, John H.— Pvt., Co. H, 59th Pioneer Infantry.
Keefe, Thos. S.— Sergt., Co. E, 303d Ammunition Train.
Keegan, Raymond F.— Pvt., Co. D, 10th Battalion U.
S. Guard.
Keeler, Albert— Pvt.
Keen, Arthur H.— Sgt., Co. F, 303d Engineers.
Keenan, Henry J.— Pvt., S. A. T. C.
Keenan, Joseph H. — Students' Army Training Corps.
Keenan, Raymond J.— Sgt., Co. H, 309th Infantry. WA
October 16, 1918.
Kehrens, Joseph W.— Pvt., S. A. T. C.
Keieher, Charles A. — Pvt., 301st Quartermasters' Corps.
Keicher, Edward— Pvt., Supply Co., 342d F. A.
Keieher, Leo C— Corp., 14th Battalion, U. S. Guards.
Keipper, Adolph A. — Pvt., Veterinary Hospital No. 9.
Keiley, Peter — Pvt., 153d Depot Brigade.
Keith, James Allen — Pvt., Headquarters Co., 147th Inf.
Kelcey, George G. — Lieut., Air Service.
Kelcey, Wilham E.— Sgt., Camp Dix.
Kellar, William E.— Sgt., Sanitary Dept., 349th F. A.
Kellar, William J.— Pvt., Co. A, 302d Engineers. WA
September 5, 1918.
Keller, Carl M.— Pvt., 34th Battery, Field Artillery.
Keller, Carl Theodore— Pvt., Battery A, 13th F. A.
Keller, Daniel J.— Cook.
Keller, Edward E.— Corp., Co. B, 328th Infantry.
Keller, Frank— Pvt., Co. F, 346th Infantry.
Keller, Hugh F.— Corp. WA.
Kellas, Joseph R.— Pvt., Co. B, 302d Train Military
Police.
Kellar, Wm. J.— Pvt.
Keller, John J.— Pvt. WA.
Kellar, John R.— Pvt. WA.
Keller, .Joseph A. — Pvt. WA.
Kelleher, Frank J. — Pvt., 302d Engineers.
Keller, Adolph — Corp., Co. K, 2nd Replacement Regt.
554
Buffalo's Part in the World War
Keller, Charles— Pvt., Battalion C, 2d Regiment.
Keller, Frank— Pvt., Co. G, 106th Engineers.
Keller, Frank A.— Pvt., Co. B, 57th Tank Corp.
Keller, George P.— Pvt., Co. B, 57th Tank Corps.
Keller, Harold P.— Pvt., 29th Co., 6th Battalion Cen-
tral Officers' Training School.
Keller, Joseph A.— Pvt. WA.
Keller, .John J.— Pvt., Co. C, 147th Infantry. WA
September 27, 1918.
Keller.'John R.— Pvt. WA.
Keller, Paul A. — Mech., Aero Non-fly Squadron F.
Keller, William J.— Pvt. WA.
Kellner, Fred A.— Pvt., Battery D, 35th F. A.
Kellner, Joseph C— Pvt., Co. D, 302d Engineers
Kellogg, John W.— Corp., Co. M, 311th Infantry. WA
October 25, 1918.
Kelly, Clarence.
Cited.
Kelly, Edward P.— Pvt., Co. 6, 20th Engineers.
Kelly, Francis— Pvt., WA April 27, 1918.
Kelly, Harold R. — Capt., Aviation.
Kelly, John— Pvt., Co. D, 307th Infantry, WG Sept-
ember, 1918.
Kelly, John C— Corp., 301st Stevedores.
Kelly, John E. — Pvt., Students' Army Training Corps.
Kelly, Joseph J.— Corp., Co. D, S. A. T. C.
Kelly, Lawrence J. — Pvt., 302d Sanitary Train.
Kelly, Wm. J.— Pvt., Ordnance Dept.
Kelschenbach, Albert P.— Wagoner, Co. D, 302d Am-
munition Train.
Kemble, Raymond J.— Sgt., S. A. T. C.
Kemp, Arthur — Col., 55th Pioneer Infantry.
Kempke, Harrison G.— 24th Battalion F. A. C. O.
Kempker, Anthony — Pvt., 36th Field Artillery.
Kempker, Joseph — Pvt.
Kempkes, Albert — Pvt. WA.
Kempski, Paul— Pvt., 16th Co., 4th Infantry.
Kendall, Ben F. — Lieut., 83d Division Headquarters.
Kendall, Frederick W. — Lieut., 1st Cavalry Brigade.
Kendall, Luther H.— Pvt., Co. D, S. A. T. C.
Kendall, Robert E.— Lieut., Co. C, 303d Am. Train.
Kendall. Robert M.— Pvt.
Kendrick, Ward Havill— Sgt. Co. F, 309th Infantry.
WG September 22, 1918.
Kendziara, Thomas — Co. 16th 153d Depot Brigade.
Keough, Wm.— Pvt., Co. C, 166th Infantry.
Kennah, James B. — Pvt., 10th Co., 1st Brigade Air
Service.
Kennedy, Charles M. — Tank Corps.
Kennedy, Edward — 306th Machine Gun Battalion. WA.
Kennedy, George H. — Aviation Corps.
Kennedy. Howard J. — Pvt., Co. F, 16th Replace. Eng.
Kennedy, Joseph F. — Pvt., Co. C, 302d Engineers.
Kennetzer, Robert — Corp., 334th Field Artillery.
Kenney, Charles F. — Pvt., Co. B, 312th Engineers.
Kenney, Dennis M.— Sgt., Co. A, S. A. T. C.
Kenney, Edward.
Kenney, Frank L. — Ist-class Pvt., 316th Supply Quar-
termasters Corps.
Kenney, James H. — Pvt., Co. H, 346th Infantry.
Kenney, John F.— Pvt., Co. B, 302d Engineers.
Kenney, William C. — Sgt., 675th Areo Squadron.
Kenney, William E.— Pvt., Co. A, 129th Infantry.
Kenngott, Edwin B.— Pvt., Co. B, 110th Field Signal
Battalion, WA September 25, 1918.
Kennsy, Philip— Pvt. WA.
Kenny, Dennis W.— Pvt., S. A. T. C.
Kenny, .James J. — Pvt., Students' Army Training Corps.
Keough, Carroll J. — Pvt., 5th Developing Battalion.
Keough, Earl— Pvt., 7th U. S. Infantry.
Kepple, Wesley M.— Corp., S. A. T. C.
Kerger, Karl 0. — Pvt., Supply Troop, 8th Cavalry.
Kerk, John G.— Pvt., Co. M, 122d Infantry.
Kerker, Jacob — Cook, Camp Dix.
Kerker, Joseph F. — Pvt., 14th Ordnance.
Kerlin, Harvey — Pvt., Co. B, 37th Engineers.
Kerling, Edwin H.— Pvt., Co. D.
Kerovitz, Louis I. — Corp., 617th Motor Transport
Corps.
Kerr, Harold W.— Pvt., Co. K, 309th Infantry. WA
October 12, 1918, Argonne.
Kerr, William S.— Sapper, C. E. F., 6th Battalion
2d Division, Engineers. WA twice July 6, 1918, Aug-
ust 8, 1918, Arras.
Kerwin, Oliver M. — Pvt., Headquarters, 5th Infantry.
Kerwin, Philip J.— Sgt., Co. D, Central Officers' Train-
ing School.
Kessler, Edward— Pvt., 330th Supply Co.
Kessler, George — Pvt., 315th Mobile Ord. Repair Shop.
Kessler, Robert J. — Corp., Quartermasters Corps.
Kessler, William F.— Ist-class Pvt., Co. K, 306th In-
fantry. WA November 7, 1918.
Kessler, William L. — Motor Transport Corps.
Kesten, LeRoy B.— Bugler, Co. F, 346th Infantry.
Kestzke, .John— Pvt., Co. A, 309th Infantry.
Ketcham, Carl G. — Sgt., Machine Gun Co., Officer's
Training Camp.
Ketterer, Alphonse G. — Pvt.
Ketterer, George A. — Pvt., Co. E, 302d Engineers.
Ketzer, Frank — Pvt.
Keyawa, Francis M. — 1st Lieut., 1st Provisional Co.
Kibbel, Felix J.— Corp., Co. D, 7th Infantry. WA
July 15, 1918.
Kibler. George A.— Pvt., 18th Battalion.
Kibler, John F. — Pvt., Co. H, Proving Grounds.
Kibler. Raymond F.— Pvt., Co. A, 7th Machine Gun
Battalion.
Kibler, Raymond R.— 1st Sgt., Battery A, 13th F. A.
Kick, George E.— Pvt., Co. D, 302d Ammunition Train.
Kick, Sylvester J.— Co. I, 153d Depot Brigade.
Kickebush, Henry A.— Pvt., Co. B, 307th Am. Train.
Kideney, Robert B.— Pvt. WA.
Kiebert, Harry J.— Pvt., 334th Field Artillery.
Kief, George— Pvt., Base Hospital 218.
Kief, Herbert — Pvt.
Kief, Raymond J.— Corp., 7th Co., 157th Depot Brig.
Kief, Russell— Sgt., Co. I, 55th Engineers.
Kiefer, Carl A. — Pvt., 3d Provisional Regiment.
Kiefer, Edward P.— Sgt., Machine Gun Co., 309th
Infantry. WA October 16, 1918.
Kieffer, A. J.— Pvt., Co. A, 307th Repair Unit.
Kiefhaber, Wm. P.— Pvt., Headq'rs, Maeh. Gun School.
U. S. Army
555
Kieger, Benjamin — Corp., Co. C, 302d Supply Train.
Kielich, Aloysius E.— Pvt., Co. A, S. A. T. C.
Kielholz. Edward A.— Corp., Co. C, 305th Battalion,
Tant; Corps.
Kielholz, Joseph E.— Pvt., 306th Tank Corps.
Kieliszek, Frank — Pvt., 153d Depot Brigade.
Kiellan, Rolf H.~Sgt., Coast Artillery.
Kiener, Milton J. — Musician, Armed Guards, Brooklyn.
Kiera, Andrew.
Kiesling, George — Corp., Co. K, 28th Infantry.
Kilbert, Frank— Pvt., 36th Co., 153d Depot Brigade.
Kiley, Charles— Pvt., Co. I, 307th Infantry. WA
4 times in 1 day, September 3, 1918.
Kiley, Peter F.— Pvt., Co. K, 347th Infantry.
Kiley, WilHam L.— Pvt., 116t Reg't, Transport Corps.
Killeen, Francis J.— Sgt., S. A. T. C.
Killeen, Kevin— Pvt., 33d Co., Field Artillery, Central
Officers' Training School.
Killeen, Thomas .J.— Pvt., Supply Co.
Killinger, Clifford A.— Cook, Co. A, 306th Infantry.
Killinger, Ed. E.— Ist-class Pvt., Supply Co., 36th F. A.
Kilmer, Stanley G. — 1st Sgt., Aviation.
Kimble, Harry — Pvt., 303d Ammunition Train.
Kina, John J.— Pvt., Co. H.
King, Arthur P. — 1st Lieut., 604th Engineers.
King, Delancey M. — Lieut. W.
Awarded French Croix de Guerre with gilt star for continuing to
lead his men in an assault, though himself wounded twice.
King, Ira M.— Sgt., Battery B, 35th Field Artillery.
King, Joseph C— Pvt., Battei-y F, 7th First Army, Re-
placement Depot.
King, Robert — Capt., Base Hospital.
King, W. E. — Gunner, 38th Canadian Artillery.
King, William R.— Ist-class Pvt., Co. B, 2d Anti-Air-
craft Machine Gun Battalion.
Kingdon, Vernon — Pvt., Ambulance Corps.
Kingsbury, Joseph J. — Capt., Executive Officer.
Kingsley, Alphonse A. — Pvt., Provisional Co. C.
Kingsley, Edward A.— Pvt., 302d Field Signal Bat. WA.
Kingston. Arthur H. — Pvt., Battery E, 14th Regiment.
Kingston, Phillip A. — Pvt., Quartermaster Corps.
Kingston, Richard H. — Pvt., Headquarters, 2d Pioneers.
Kinkead, Eugene J. — 12th Development Battalion.
Kinney, George — Pvt., Aerial Service.
Kinney, George W. — Pvt., Casual.
Kinney, John McM. — Sgt. Maj., Quartermaster Corps.
Kinney, William F. — Ist-class Pvt., 303d Guard and
Fire Co.
Kinsella, Hubert— Co. L, 346th Infantry.
Kinskey, Charles E. — 12th Battalion, Quartermaster.
Kinzie, Frank A. — Pvt., Co. D, 47th Battalion Infantry.
Kinzie, Joseph L.— Pvt., Co. B, 302d Engineers. WA
October 15, 1918.
Kiracfisco, Bentalo — Pvt.
Kirby, George I.— 2d Lieut., Co. M, 5th Infantry Re-
placement.
Kirby, Robert H.— Sgt., Military Police, 78th Division.
Kircher, Fred L.— Pvt., 321st Field Artillery.
Kirchgessner, Wm. J. — Pvt., 15th Detachment, Air
Service.
Kirchman, Edw. — Pvt., 302d'"Ammunition Train.
Kirchmeyer, Louis F.
Kirchmeyer, Norbert J. — Pvt., Quartermaster 106th
Supply Train.
Kirchner, August L. — Corp., Field Artillery, Central
Officers' Training School.
Kirchner, Henry P. — Capt., Ordnance Department.
Kirchner, Paul R.— 1st Sgt., S. A. T. C.
Kirk, Ed. H.— Pvt., 340th Motor Transport Corps.
Kirkman, Howard A.— Pvt., Co. G, 302d Am. Train.
Kirkwood, Fred'k. — Pvt., Quartermaster Corps, Camp
Upton.
Kirseh, Alton P.— Pvt., Co. C, 10th Battalion, Sub-
Boat Corps.
Kirn, Thomas M.— Pvt. WA.
Kirseh, Anthony J. — Corp., 153d Depot Brigade.
Kirseh, Bernard — Engineers.
Kirseh, George W.— Pvt., Co. K, 345th Infantry.
Kirseh, Robert— Pvt., Co. I, 345th Infantry.
Kirschner, Fred W. — Pvt.
Kirschner, Herman — Ist-class Pvt., Fort Porter Hospital.
Kirst, William— Sgt., Co. D, 309th Infantry.
Kirst, William J.— 2d Lieut., Co. E, 379th Infantry.
Kirst, William L.— Pvt., Co. D, 309th Infantry.
Kirwan, Edwin J. — Pvt., 35th Infantry.
Kisker, Lawrence J. — Pvt., Aviation Forces.
Kistner, Jacob D.— Corp., Co. I, 306th Infantry. WA
August 17, 1918.
Kita, Anthony J. — Pvt., School for Cooks.
Kittinger, Charles — 2d Lieut., Air Service.
Kittinger, Raymond V.— Corp., Co. D, 35th F. A.
Kivapich, Felix — Pvt., 311th Infantry.
Klaczyk, Vincent— Co. B, 346th Infantry.
Klaczyk, Vincent F.— Pvt., 346th Infantry.
Kladke, William F.— Coast Guards.
Klaes, Charles J.— Sgt., Co. E, 303d Engineers.
Klaiber, Howard H. — Sgt., 8th Co., 437th Engineers.
Klarowski, Bernard A.— Pvt., Co. E, 347th Infantry.
Klatzkin, Jacob — Pvt., Coast Artillery Corps.
Klauk, James— Pvt., Battery E, 334th Field Artillery.
Klaus, John N.— Pvt., Co. A, 307th Machine Gun
Battalion.
Kleabus, John— Pvt., 348th Infantry.
Klebuck, Anthony — Pvt., First Army, Replacement
Depot.
Kleczynski, Wm. — Pvt.
Klee, .Joseph M.— Pvt., Battery F, 334th FieldArtillery.
Klein, Charles — Musician, Headquarters, 4th Infantry.
Klein, Charles E.— Co. Clerk, 77th Division.
Klein, Frank C— M. S. E., 109th Air Squadron.
Klein, Gustav A. — 53d Battery, 7th Anti-aircraft Sec.
Klein, Harold B. — Ist-class Pvt., Machine Gun Co.
311th Infantry. W November 3, 1918.
Klein, Harold H. — Co. C, 102d Ammunition Train.
Klein, Harry— Pvt., Co. G, 307th Infantry.
Klein, Howard — Lieut., Signal Corps.
Klein, John M. — Pvt.
Klein, Julius J.— Pvt., 66th Co., 153rd Depot Brigade.
Klein, Lester C— Sgt., 107th Ordnance Depot.
Klein, Louis R.— Pvt., Co. F, 28th Infantry.
Klein, Melville— Corp. 37th Co., 153d Depot Brigade.
Klein, Milton E.— Ist-class Pvt., Headq'rs, 52d F. A.
556
Buffalo's Part in the World War
Klein, Norman M. — Pvt., 4th Co. 153d Depot Brigade.
Klein, Peter— Pvt., WA.
Klein, Richard C. — 1st Sgt., Base Hospital, Camp Grant.
Klein, Sidney S.— Pvt., Co. C, 306th Infantry. WG
September 8, 1918.
Klein. Stanley P.— Co. A, 106th Supply Train.
Klein, William J. — Pvt., 309th Quartermasters Corps.
Kleinelaus, Wm. G.— Pvt., Co. E, 2d Infantry, Re-
placement.
Kleindinst, G. Harrington — 317th Tank Corps.
Kleinfelder, Albert C— 419th Motor Supply Train.
Kleinfelder, William — Corp.
Klenowski, Casper — Pvt., 18th Development Battalion.
Kless, Anthony G.— Sgt., Troop H, 14th Cavalry.
Kliefoth, Carl E.— Pvt., Co. A, 302d Am. Train.
Kliefoth, Wm. E.— Pvt., 40th Engineers.
Klier, .Joseph J.— Pvt., Co. I, 347th Infantry.
Klimek. Valentine — Pvt., Co. D, 355th Infantry.
Kline, Raymond G. — Pvt., Troop L, 1st Cavalry.
Klinck, Jesse J. — Sgt., Base Hospital 50. WA August
12, 1918.
Klinger, Bronislaus — Co. K, 7th Infantry. WA July 17,
1918.
Klinger, Rudolph — Sgt., 310th Guards and Fire Quar-
termasters Corps.
Klippel, Arthur P. K. — Corp., Machine Gun Co., 311th
Infantry. WA May, 1918.
Klippel, Clarence— Pvt., Co. A, 108th Battalion.
Kloo, Joseph— Pvt. WA.
Klocke, Eugene L.— Pvt., Co. A., S. A. T. C.
Klocke, Frederick W. — Corp., 641st Aero Squadron.
Klopfer George S.— Pvt., Co. B, 302d Engineers.
Klopfer, Leroy E. — Corp., Base Hospital 23.
Klopp, Frank G.— Pvt., Co. I, 49th Infantry.
Klopp. Richard J.— Pvt., Co. M, 90th Infantry.
Klosiak, Julian A.— Pvt., Battery A, 36th F. A.
Klosiak, Stanley E.— Pvt., Co. B, 311th Infantry. WA
September 25, 1918.
Klosin, John— Pvt., Co. C, 306th Infantry.
Kloske, 0.— Pvt. WA.
Kluczynski, Walter — Pvt., Gas Defense Service.
Kluczynski, William — Horseshoer, Headq'rs, 304th F. A.
Klueck, Joseph A. — 2d Lieut., 2d Bakery Co., 314.
Klump, Frederick — Pvt., Coast Artillery Corps, Fort
Adam.
Klump, William E.— Pvt., 49th Infantry.
Klumpp, Fred J. — Pvt., 834th Aero Squadron.
Klumpp, Harold P.— Pvt., Battery D, 47th F. A.
Klumpp, Henry P. — Pvt., Gas Defense Service, Chemi-
cal Warfare Service.
Knaggs, Joseph F. X.— Pvt., Co. C, 10th Bat. S. B. C.
Knapp, Edward M.— Pvt., Co. M, 346th Infantry.
Knavel, William — Pvt., 17th Battalion, 153d Depot
Brigade.
Kneeland, James N. — Pvt., Headq'rs, 331st Tank Bat.
Kneis, Grover — Photographer, Air Service, Photo
Station No. 18.
Knepper, Harry J. — Repair Shop.
Knerr, John D. — Pvt., Headquarters, 11th F. A.
Kneubuehl, John H. — Capt., 55th Pioneers.
Knoerl, John G. — Pvt., Col B, 1st Pioneers Infantry.
Knibloe, Lawrence — Lieut., U. S. Engineers.
Knibloe, Richard — Capt., U. S. Engineers.
Knight, Edward J.— Pvt., Battery C, 59th F. A.
Knight, Theodore C. — Capt., 35th Aero Squadron.
Knipple, Robert M. — Corp., Headquarters, 7th Inf.
Knobloch, John H. — British E.xpeditionary Forces. G.
Knoch, Clarence E.— Pvt., Headq'rs, 311th Inf. G.
Knocke, Elmer J. — Base Hospital 23.
Knoernsehild, Christ G. — Sgt., Pigeon Service.
Knoernschild, Henry — 1st Sgt., Co. I, Pigeon Service.
Knoll, Floyd A.— Pilot, Royal Air Force.
Knoll, Harry E. — Pvt., Headquarters, 1st Division.
Knolt, Oscar A. — Pvt., Base Hospital 51.
Knope, George J. — Pvt. WA.
Knopinski, Frank— Pvt., Co. H, 311th Infantry.
Knopinski, John F. — Pvt., Aero Squadron 325.
Knorr, William G.— Sgt., Battalion 35, Air Service.
Knorring, A. C. — Sgt., Co. B, 55th Pioneers.
Knowles, Charles— Sgt. WA.
Knox, James E. — Pvt., Co. D, 87th Engineers.
Knox, Seymour H. — No. 2 Air Service.
Kobee, David G. — Sgt., H'dq'rs Demobilization Centre.
Kobernuss, Fred A.— Pvt., 307th Labor Co., Quarter-
masters' Corps.
Kobernuss, Henry E. — Pvt., Co. K, 51st Pioneers.
Kobes, Charles A. — Pvt., Veterinary Corps.
Kobiat, Peter— Pvt., Co. A-12, Camp McClellan.
Kobinski, John— Pvt., WA October 9, 1918.
Koch, Albert E. — Pvt., Community House, Camp
Sherman.
Koch, Edward — Pvt., Headquarters, 327th Infantry.
Koch, Edward F.— Pvt., Base Hospital 83.
Koch, George A. — Corp., Special Service.
Koch, Howard John — Sgt., Section 67, Aerial Photog-
raphy.
Koch, Joseph — Pvt., Motor Transport Detachment.
Koch, Henry C— Pvt., Co. K, 147th Infantry.
Koch, William— Pvt., Co. B, 68th Engineers.
Koch, William E.— Pvt. Co. C, 65th.
Kochanski, Anthony— Co. H, 307th Inf. G twice.
Koeffer, Frank J. — Cook, Motor Transport Corps.
Koehler, Arthur A.— Pvt., S. A. T. C.
Koelbl, Joseph— Pvt., 326th Butchery Co.
Koehler, Walter A. E.— Pvt., Co. H, 34th Engineers.
Koehler, William — Pvt., Machine Gun, 347th Infantry.
Koelzon, Albert G.— Pvt., Co. C, 347th Infantry.
Korlzon, Edward— Pvt.,Co. C, U.S. Guards Nat. Army.
Koenig, Alfonse H.— Sgt., 8th Trench Mortar.
Koenig, Anthony P.— Pvt., Co. B, 302d Eng., 77th Div.
Koenig, Herbert S.— Pvt., Co. E.— 7th Regulars Inf.
Koenig, Theodore J. — 2d Lieut., 819th Aero Squadron.
Koenig, William— Pvt., Co. A, 311th U. S. Infantry.
Koenig, William H.— Pvt. WA.
Koeppel, Clarence L.— Pvt., Co. D, 58th Am. Train.
Koeppel, William H.— Pvt., Co. A, 307th Machine Gun
Battalion.
Koerber, Arthur — Corp., 331st Tank Division.
Koerner, Charles E.— Corp., C. P. 4 Developing Bat.
Kofeju, Walter F. — Sgt., Coast Artillery Corps.
Kofeju, Nicholas — Pvt., Coast Artillery Corps.
Kogler, Henry C. — 2d Lieut., Cable Station.
U. S. Army
557
Kohl, Conrad H.— Pvt., Co. C, 302d Field Signal Bat.
Kohl, John W. — Pvt., Students' Aimy Training Corps.
Kohlmeier, Howard B. — Sgt., 157th Depot Brigade.
Koh, Herbert A. — Pvt., 14th Photographers Section.
Koibis, Edwin — Pvt., Battalion A, 14th Regiment.
Kohl, George J. — 2d Lieut., Air Service.
Kohl, John J.— Pvt., M. O. R. S., 3d Corps.
Kohl, John W. — Pvt., Students' Army Training Corps.
Kohler, Arthur O.— Sgt., Co. 4, M. R. S. 303.
Koksch, William L.— Pvt., Co. C, 126th Engineers.
Kolasa, Martin— Pvt., 9th Co., 311th Infantry. G. Sep-
tember 29, 1918.
Kolasa, Martin — Pvt. W.
Kolasz, John — Pvt., Depot Brigade.
Kolb, Albert L.— Pvt., Base Hospital 5.
Kolb, C. J.— Cook, Co. A, 61st U. S. Infantry.
Kolb, Edward C— Pvt., Co. C, Medical Detachment
Camp Di.x.
Kolb, Edwin — Engineers, Edgewood Arsenal.
Kolb, Joseph B.— Supply 323.
Kolbe, Richard— Corp., Co. H, 306th Infantry.
Kolber, Isadore— Pvt., Co. C, 106th Supply Train.
Kolczynski, Alexander — 12th Co., 157th Depot Brigade.
Koles, Ferdinand— Pvt., Battery B, 335th F. A.
Kolis, Leo— Pvt., Motor Transport Corps., A. E. F.
Kolis, M. C— Pvt., Co. G, 22d Engineers.
Kollison, Nicholas— Pvt., 23d Co., 6th Training Bat.
Kollman, Max— Pvt., Co. B, 346th Infantry.
Kollmar, Theodore, Pvt., Limited Service.
Kolbuchowski, John — Pvt., 51st Pioneers.
Koladzecj, Michael — Pvt., Repair Unit 319.
Kolodziejewski, Anthony J. — 2d Battery, F.A.R.D.
Artillery.
Komcki, Frank L. — Co. A, 162d Infantry.
Komeczka, Antony — Pvt., Co. B, 75th.
Komeczny, John — Pvt., Co. H, 59th Pioneer Infantry.
Komeiczka, John — Pvt., 35th Co., 152d Battalion.
Komieizny, John — Pioneers.
Komisarek, Joseph — Pvt. WA.
Komorowski, Leon T.— Pvt., M. G. T. C.
Komozowski, Leon— Pvt., 2d Co., M. G. T. C.
Komosinski, Bronislaw — Pvt., 104th M. G., Infantry.
Konerth, Anthony— Pvt., Co. I, 311th Infantry.
Konopa, Frank — Base Hospital, Spartanburg, Camp
Wadsworth, S. C.
Konter, Andrew — Pvt., Medical Repair Shop.
Konter, Joseph— Pvt., 5th M. G. WA.
Konter, Joseph A. — Pvt. WA.
Koops, Rogers — 2d Lieut., 369th Infantry.
Kopack, James J. — Corp., Co. H, 325th Infantry.
Kopera. Frank A.— Pvt., Battery C, 36th F. A.
Kopczynski, Roman — Pvt., 4th Co., Artillery 5th Bat.
Kopek, Michael— 13th.
Kopenski, William— Pvt., Co. I, 7th.
Kopf, Carl C— Corp., Co. A, 307th Ammunition Train.
Kopp, Albert E. — 301st Quartermasters Corps.
Korda, Stanislaus— Pvt., Battalion D, C. A. C.
Korn, Edward J. — Base Hospital 202.
Kornacki, Stephen— 304th Co,. M. T. C. R.
Korowacki, Victor — Pvt., Co. D, 4th Battalion.
Koscileniak, George— Pvt., Co. L, 348th Infantry.
Koscinski, Bronislaw — Col. H, 59th Pioneers.
Koscielniak, Steve — Pvt., Co. B, 112th Barracks.
Kosinski, John — Medical Corps.
Kosinski, .lulian — Co. E, 134th Infantry.
Kosnikowski, John — Pvt., Camp Wheeler.
Kost, Herbert G.— Pvt., S. A. T. C.
Koster, Joseph A.— Co. B, 306th Infantry, 77th Div.
Kostoscki, Leonard — Pvt., Battalion F, 1st Regular
First Army, Replacement Depot.
Koszuta, Stanley J. — 77th Co., 19th Battalion Syra-
cuse Ret.
Koszuta, Walter— Pvt., Battery B, 335th F. A.
Kothowski, Piotz — Pvt. Missing November 11, 1918.
Koulinski, Czstoin — Pvt., Co. E, 325th Infantry.
Kowal, Joseph — Corp., Headquarters, 51st Pioneers.
Kowalak, Albert — Pvt.
Kowalak, John — Pvt., Co. G, 146th Infantry.
Kowalak, John — Pvt. WA.
Kowalak, William— Pvt., Co. H, 7th Infantry. WA.
Kowalski, Anthony— Pvt., Co. H, 326th Infantry.
Kowalski, John— Pvt., Battery E, 310th F. A.
Kowski, Stanley — Pvt., Co. H, 61st Infantry.
Koziarski, John— Pvt., Co. M, 144th U. S. Infantry.
Koziarski, John — Pvt. Missing December 15, 1918.
Kozlowski, Bernard— Pvt., Troop C, 17th U. S. Cavalry.
Kozlowski, Felix — Pvt., Co. C, 61st Infantry.
Kozlowski, John — Pvt., Reported missing, returned to
duty January 17, 1919.
Kozlowski, Joseph F — Pvt., Machine Gun Battalion,
6th Anti-Aircraft.
Kozlowski, Louis— Pvt., 106th.
Kraebel, George — Pvt. WA.
Kraemer, Edward — Pvt., Quartermasters Corps, Camp
Dix.
Kraft, Clarence L.— Pvt., Headquarters, 117th F. A.
Kraft, James V.— Pvt., S. A. T. C.
Kraft, Oscar R.— Pvt., Co. B, 53d Transport Corps.
Krajewski, Adam — Pvt., Co. H, 345th Infantry.
Krajewski, Ignace — Pvt., Quartermasters Corps.
Krajna, Walter — Pvt., 2d Regular First Army Replace-
ment Depot.
Krakowiak, Joseph B.— Pvt., 16th Co., 4th Battalion.
Krakowiak, Stanley — Pvt., Co. L, 346th Infantry.
Kralick, Louis— Pvt., Co. G, 348th Infantry.
Kramer, August — Pvt., Co. C, 51st Pioneer Infantry.
Kramer, George H. — Sgt., Battery A, 7th February
Automatic Replacement Draft.
Kramer, Harry E. — Pvt., Ordnance Causal 4.
Kramer, Lester Arthur — Corp., Motor Truck 19.
Kramer, Louis E.— Pvt., Co. C, S. A. T. C.
Kramer, Michael — Corp., Co. H, 21st Engineers.
Kranichfeld, George J.— Sgt., Co. B, U. S. Guards, 47th
Battalion.
Kranz, Elmer J. J.— Sgt., Battery E, 35th F. A.
Kratz, Herbert P.— Sgt., Co. H, 307th Infantry.
Kratzmeier, Leo — Pvt., 13th Field Artillery, A. E. F.
Krauch, Oscar— Pvt., Co. H, 346th Infantry.
Kraus, Anthony J— Pvt., Co. F, 306th Infantry.
Kraus, Bernard J. — Pvt., Co. G, 33d Infantry.
Kraus, Elmer A. — Pvt., WA.
Kraus, Frank— Pvt., Co. A, 37th C. A. C.
558
Buffalo's Part in the World War
Kraus, Joseph — Pvt., 303d Remount.
Kraus, Theodore — Pvt., Co. C, 302 Ammunition Train.
Kraus, Theodore — Pvt., Co. H, Pioneer Infantry.
Kraus, WiUiam J. — Pvt., Co. A, 302d Engineers.
Krause, Emil P.— Pvt., Co. K, 309th Infantry.
Krause, Albert F. — Civihan, Motor Transport Corps.
Krauss, Leo — Pvt., Salvage Division, Quartermaster
Corps.
Krauss, Stephen — Pvt., 348th Infantry.
Kravier, A. P.— Pvt., 327th.
Krawezyk, Peter — Co. C, 18th Machine Gun Battalion.
Krawezyk, Stainslaw — Pvt. WA.
Krawizyk, Walter S.— Pvt., Battery B, 16th F. A.
Krayski, John J.~Pvt., Co. C, 303d Am. Train.
Kreher, Anthony— Pvt., 11th Co., 1st Road.
Kreher, Edward G.— Pvt., Base Hospital 83.
Kreigier, John — Pvt. WA.
Kreitner, John E. — Sgt., Quartermaster Corps.
Krell, George— Pvt., Co. I, 127th Infantry.
Krendler, George — Corp., Co. A, 5th.
Kresin, Charles J. — Wagoner, Supply, 115th F. A.
Kresin, William J. — Pvt., Headquarters. WA.
Kresiszewski, John M. — Bugler, Headq'rs, 604th Eng.
Kress, George Frank— Pvt., Co. E, 307th Repair Unit.
Kress, Jack — B Loading Co.
Kress, Joseph — 345th Machine Gun.
Kress, Julius Val. — Pvt., Headquarters, 47th Artillery,
Coast Artillery Corps.
Kressler, Wm. F.— Pvt. WA.
Kretz, Albert F.— Corp., Co. B, 308th Machine Gun
Battalion.
Kretz, John H.— Pvt., Co. A, 120th Engineers.
Kretz, William — Pvt., Co. A, 120th Engineers.
Kretz, William J.— Pvt., Co. B, 13th Battalion.
Kreuder, Albert J.— Pvt., Co. B, 347th Infantry.
Kreutzbender, Charles — Pvt., Camp Utility Co.
Kreuzer, Frank — Pvt., Ordnance Department.
Krgysiah, L. — Co. A, 314th Infantry.
Krieger, Henry A. — 312th Field Hospital.
Krieger, Henry Geo.— Pvt., Co. G, 348th Infantry.
Krieger, John— Pvt., Co. E, 311th Infantry.
Krieke, Richard D.— Pvt. WA.
Kritz, George— Pvt., Co. H, 345th Infantry.
Krog, William E. — Sgt., Coast Artillery Corps.
Krohmer, Clarence H. — Pvt., 338th G. and Tank Corps.
Krojewski, Wladyslaw — Pvt. WA.
Kroll, Roman C— Pvt., Machine Gun Troop, 14th Cav.
Krolak, Leo S.
Kromer, Charles P. — Sgt., Aviation Corps.
Kromer, Frank.
Kromer, Frank L. — Sgt., Co. C, 302d Engineers.
Kromer, Vincent — Pvt., First Army Repiac't Depot.
Kromke, Rudolph F. — Wagoner, Headq'rs, 58th Inf.
Kroner, Charles F.— Pvt., Co. M, 109th Inf. G. twice.
Kronson, Louis — Pvt., 1st Ordnance Detachment.
Kropski, Steven— Pvt., Co. M, 348th Infantry.
Krszysiak, Stanley — Pvt. WA.
Kruckendorf, Ralph — Pvt.
Krueger, Arthur A. — Pvt., Ambulance Co. 38th.
Krueger, Edwin— Pvt., Battery C, 306th Field Art.
Krueger, John H. — Pvt.
Krueger, Kurt R.— Pvt., Co. B, 40th Infantry.
Krueger, Louis — Pvt., Co. C, 6th Engineers.
Krueger, Oscar C— Corp., 4th H. A. M. O. R. S.
Krueger, Otto B.— Pvt., Base Hospital 85.
Krueger, Peter — Wagoner, 306th Infantry.
Krueger, Wm.— Pvt., Co. C, 148th Infantry. WG
Argonne.
Kruk, Ignatz— Pvt., Co. L, 148th. WA.
Krull, A. Howard — Wagoner, Co. B, 304th Machine
Gun Battalion. W.
Krull, Wilfred E.— Pvt., S. A. T. C.
Krummel, Edwin H. — Pvt., Co. A, 54th Engineers.
Krummel, Frank— Pvt., Co. G, 135th Infantry.
Krumpols, George — Co. E, 7th Infantry.
Krupnick, Jacob— Pvt., Co. E, 306th Infantry. WA.
Kruse, Edward F.— Pvt., Co. G, 115th Infantry.
Kruse, Frank, M. D. — 1st Leiut., Camp Gordon, Ga.
Kruszynski, Boleslaw — Pvt., Co. H, 347th Infantry.
Kruszynski. Edward — Polish Army.
Kruszynski, .Joseph — Sgt., Convalescent Camp. WA.
Kruszynski, Peter — Pvt., Co. F, 156th Depot Brigade.
Kruszynski, Stanley — Pvt.
Kruszynski, Walter B.— Pvt., 5th Co.
Kruszysnki, Walter B. — Pvt., 141st Anti-Aircraft.
Krygier, Walter— Pvt. WA.
Krygier, Walter— Pvt., Co. C, 311th Infantry.
Krystafkiewicz, Edmund S. — 57th Ammunition Train,
Medical Detachment.
Krystaniak, Benj. B. — Candidate, Candidate School.
Krzyowasz, Anthony — Pvt. WA.
Krzyzan, Joseph— Co. D, 14th Battalion, U. S. G. N. A.
Kryzan, Stanley — Bugler, Co. C, 302d Engineers.
Krzyzaniak, Frank — Pvt., Co. F, 346th Infantry.
Krzysiak, Ladislaus — Pvt., Co. A, 134th Infantry.
Krzysiah, Stanley— Pvt., 36th Co., 152d Depot Brigade.
Krzyzaniak, Stanislaus — Co. G, 346th Infantry.
Krzyzanowski, Anthony — Pvt., Co. F, Engineers Corps.
Krzysowsz, Anthony — Pvt. WA.
Kuberski, Stanley — Pvt., Co. A, 302d Engineers.
Kubiak, Vincent — Pvt. Missing in action.
Kubiak, Stanley— Chauffeur, Ebert Field.
Kuchenmeister, George J. — Pvt., 20th Co., Infantry.
Kuckmarski, M. — Pvt., Camp Wheeler.
Kuczka, John P.— Pvt. WA.
Kubala. Joseph — Pvt., Co. C, 1st Battalion.
Kubicz, Michael— Pvt., 331st M. T. D.
Kuc, John— Pvt., Co. F, 134th U. S. Infantry.
Kucemba, Waclaw R. — Pvt.
Kuczka, John P.— Pvt., Co. C, 8th Machine Gun Bat-
talion. WA.
Kuczka, Walter K. — Pvt., Co. C, 21st Engineers.
Kuder, Albert — Pvt., Co. A, 7th Regiment.
Kudlacz, Thomas— Pvt., Co. C, 347th U. S. Infantry.
Kuehn, Edwin G. — Pvt., General Hospital 4.
Kugel, Leonard J. — Lieut., Ordnance Department.
Kuhl, William H.— Pvt., Co. H, 309th U. S. Infantry.
Kuhn, Charles A. — Sgt., Machine Gun.
Kuhn, Frank F. — Musician, Headq'rs., 59th Pioneers.
Kuhn, Fred A. — Pvt., Medical Supply, 3d Division.
Kuhnke, William G.— Capt., 310th Infantry. WA
September 20, 1918.
U. S. Army
559
Kuhn, Harold E.— Pvt., Co. D, 307th Infantry.
Kuehnel, Henry F. — Co. D, 302d Engineers.
Kuehnel, Martin R. — Battery A, 8th First Army, Re-
placement Depot.
Kuepper, Leroy — Co. G, 5th.
Kuhak, Joseph— Pvt., Co. C, 347th Infantry.
Kuhl, William H.— Pvt., Co. H, 309th Infantry.
Kuhn, Fred P.— Pvt., 348th Infantry.
Kuhn, Gustav A. — Reg. Serg. Maj., Headquarters,
309th Infantry.
Kuhn, John W. A.— Corp., Co. B, 51st Pioneer.
Kuhn, Louis W. — Corp., Missing December 25, 1918.
Kuhn, Ray C— Pvt., Co. G, 345th.
Kujawa, Stanley— Pvt., Co. B, 346th Infantry.
Kulakowski, Bernard J.— Pvt., Co. A, 306th Infantry,
3d Platoon.
Kuma, Antoni — Pvt., WA.
Kumbra, Stanley — 20th Trench Mortar Battery.
Kumpf, Clarence J. — Mech. W.
Kumpf, Edward J.— Pvt., 47th Battalion, Camp Dix.
Kumpf, George J. — Pvt., Ambulance, 307th.
Kumpf, Raymond — Pvt., Co. F, 312th Engineers.
Kuney, Gerrans D. — Mess Sgt., Wagon Co. G, 303d
Ammunition Train.
Kunnert, Alfred— Pvt., 21st Co., 153d Depot Brigade.
Kuntz, Henry— Pvt., 7th Co, 155th Depot Brigade.
Kunz, David L. — Pvt., Utilities, Quartermasters Corps
Camp Jackson.
Kunz, Leo H. — Sgt., School for Aerial Photography.
Kunz, Philip V.— Ch. Mech. WA.
Kunz, William— Pvt., Co. G, 307th Infantry.
Kunze, Allen G — Corp.
Kunze, Floyd— Pvt., Co. I, 11th Infantry S. M. C.
Kuppinger, Walter F.— Pvt., S. A. T. C.
Kura, Lawrence — Pvt., Co. H, 307th Infantry.
Kurek, Anthony— Ist-class Pvt., Co. G, 306th Infantry,
WA August 21, 1918., Bazoches.
Kurowski, Joseph— Pvt., Co. A, 328th Infantry, WA
October 14, 1918.
Kurowski, Steve — 346th Infantry.
Kurowski, Anthony— Pvt., Co. L. WA Nov. 1, 1918.
Kurtz, Elmer W.— Pvt., Battery C, 104th F. A.
Kurtzmann, Christian — 1st Lieut., Co. D, 303d Supply
Train.
Kurtzman, Harry J. — 1st Cook, Co. E, 403d Telegraph
Battalion.
Kurtzworth, Albert — Pvt., Aviation Camp.
Kurz, Joseph F. — Corp., 51st Pioneer Infantry.
Kurz, Leo — Pvt.
Kuschel, Alexander — Pvt.,
Kuster, Harry— Pvt., Co. C, 214th Engineers.
Kuster, John F. — Pvt., Headquarters, 51st Infantry.
Kuster, Joseph S.— Pvt., Co. H, 311th Infantry.
Kuster, Percy— Cook, 459th M. T. C.
Kusz, Joseph F. — Pvt., Headquarters, 51st Pioneer Inf.
Kusowski, Stanley — 356th Depot Brigade.
Kuczynski, Vincent— Pvt., Co. G, 338th Infantry.
Kutor, John— Pvt., 64th Co., 153d Depot Brigade.
Kurowski, Anthony — Pvt., WA.
Kuzniarek. Stanley — Sgt., 27th Field Artillery Band.
Kwaezala, Walter — Pvt., Co. C, 10th Engineers.
Kwapich, Joseph — 306th Field Artillery.
Kwapiszewski, Ed. A.— Pvt., Co. D, 303d Am. Train.
Kwasmiewski, Alex. — Pvt., 75th Co., 18th Battalion.
Kwasmiewski, Frank — Pvt., Co. C, 1st U. S. Infantry.
Kwasnicwoki, Alex. — 75th Co., 18th Bat. Syracuse.
Kwasnicwski, Frank — 157th Brigade.
Kwiatek, Ignatius — Pvt., Co. H, 346th Infantry.
Kwiatkowski, Ignatius — Pvt., Co. G, 307th Infantry.
Kwiatkowski, John — Corp., WA.
Kwiatkowski, John B. — Pvt., Quartermasters Corps.
Kwiatkowski, Bronislaw — Pvt., 153d Depot Brigade.
Kwiatkowski, Stephen G.— Pvt., Co. E, 425th Tele-
phone Battalion.
Kwiecien, Powel — Camp Merge, WA.
Kurecinski, Joseph — Pvt., Co. F, 330th Infantry.
Kwiczoba, Frank — Pvt., Co. C, 307th Infantry.
Kryszlafkiewicz, Rannold A.— Co. A, S. A. T. C.
Keough, William— Pvt., Co. C, 166th U. S. Infantry.
Labertine, Anthony— Pvt., Battery F, 336th F. A.
Labertine, Nicholas F.— Pvt., Co. C, 327th Infantry.
La Croix, Wilbert E. — Pvt., Quartermasters Corps.
Laddori, Vittoria— Pvt. WA October 25, 1918.
Laduca, Jos. P. — 1st Lieut., Medical Corps.
LaDuca, Natal M.— WA.
LaDuca, Russell J.— Pvt. Co. K, 345th Infantry.
LaDzunski, John — Pvt. WA.
LaDwinker, Henry G.— Pvt., Co. K, 306th Infantry.
WA September 28, 1918.
Laffermara, A. — Pvt.
Laffin, John E. — Pvt., Medical Detachment BaseHosp.
Lafond, George E.— Sgt., 27th Co., 153d Depot Brigade.
Lagreca, John — Pvt., 40th Co., 153d Depot Brigade.
Lagreca, Salvator — Pvt., Medical Corps.
Lahey, Frank E., Jr.— Pvt., Co. H, 309th Infantry.
Lahey, Jos. M. — Sgt., 74th Infantry, 102d Headquarters
Train Sanitary Detachment.
Lahrs, Norman C. — Pvt., Provost Guard Co.
Laird, John G.— Co. D5, H. A. C. 1, Medical Corps.
Lake, Austin R.— Sgt., Co. B, 344th Battalion Tank
Corps.
Lake, Richard A. — Corp., Co. B, 302d Engineers.
LaMarco, Angelo — Pvt., WA.
Lamb, Elmer W.— Pvt., Co. D, 347th Infantry, WA.
Lamacusa, Francisco — Pvt., WA.
Lambour, Alfred V.— Ist-class Pvt., Co. C, 306th In-
fantry. WA September 10, 1918.
Lambrix, Eugene J. — Pvt., Co. B, 335th Machine Gun
Battalion.
Lambrix, Raymond J. — Corp., 75th, 18th Battalion.
Lambrix, Otto H.— 1st Lieut., 3d Co., 2d M. M.
Lamey, Martin J. — Pvt., Headquarters, 147th Infantry.
Lamphier, William H. — Pvt., Unassigned.
Lampke, Jos.H. — Pvt., Base Hospital, Camp Dix.
Lampkey, John — Pvt., WA.
Lampke, Louis— Pvt., Co. C. WA November 11, 1918.
Lance, Chas. F.— Corp., 74th Band.
Lance, James J. — WA August 13, 1918.
Landahl, Frederick E.— Pvt., U. S. General Hospital
Corps.
Lander, Albert— Sgt., WA.
Landers, Jos. A. — Pvt., Co. I, 331st Infantry.
560
Buffalo's Part in the World War
Landers, Walter H.— Pvt., 648th Aero Squadron.
Landon, Howard J. — Headquarters, 327th Inf. WA.
Landon, Fred — Corp. WA.
Landsittel, Chester M.— Pvt., Co. B, 302d Engineers.
Lane, John P.— Pvt., A. G. D.
Laney, Arthur D. — Aviator, 879th Aero Squadron.
Lang, Edward — Pvt., 302d Engineers.
Lang, Gerhard J.— Pvt., Co. A, S. A. T. C.
Lang, George A. — Pvt., Co. E, Motor Repair Unit
329. WA.
Lang, Harry W.— Sgt. WA.
Lang, George.!. — Pvt. ,13th Reg't., Heavy Machine Gun.
Lang, Henry Z.— Pvt., Co. K, 308th Infantry. WA
August 24, 1918.
Landaw, Fred — Corp., Co. M, 3d Division. WA July
24, 1918.
Lang, Henry F. W.— Pvt., Co. B, M. T. C. 321.
Lang, Herbert J. — Pvt., Co. A, 303 Ammunition Train.
Lang, John H. — Pvt., Base Hospital 23.
Lang, Walter C— Pvt., Co. C, 58th Engineers.
Lang, William A. — Corp., 4th Battalion.
Lang, William J.— Pvt., 312th Field Hospital.
Langdon, Eugene — Farrier Troop C, 17th Cavalry.
Langdon, Joseph — Cadet, Signal Corps.
Lange, Alexander A.— Pvt., Co. C, 307th Infantry, WA.
Lange, Arthur V. — Sgt-Maj., Headquarters, 81st Div.
Lange, Frank — Pvt., Headq'rs, Signal Dept., 18th Inf.
Lange, Frank — Pvt. WA.
Langen, William A. — Ist-class Pvt., Brooklyn Bakery.
Langenbach, Edward F. — Corp., Headq'rs., 35th. F. A.
Langenbach, Leo J. — Corp., Co. C, 302d Engineers.
Langermann, John — Corp., Co. I, 36th Infantry.
Langermann, Julius C. — Pvt., 34th Co. 9th Battalion.
Langley, Henry W. — WA.
Langman, Errol C. — Pvt., 15th Aero Const.
Langmeyer, Bernard J. — Pvt., Medical Detachment.
Langner, Victor E. — Corp., 9th Convalescent Group.
Lanigan, James W. — Corp., 308th Machine Gun Bat.
Laninik, Leo — Pvt. WA.
Lankes, Anthony G.— Pvt., Co. B, 18th Infantry, WA
July 18th, October 4, 1918.
Lankes, Edmund W.— Pvt., Co. A, 303d Am. Train.
Lankes, Mathew S.— Pvt., Co. B, 306th Infantry.
Lanning, Leo — Pvt., 311th Infantry.
Lansill, Bradbury B.— Pvt., 106th Supply Train.
Lansinger, Frank — Sgt., Co. M, 18th Infantry. WA.
Lant, John R.— Pvt., 5th Field Artillery.
Lanza, Vincent — Pvt., 4th Regiment, 153d Depot Brig.
Lopadura, Joseph — Pvt., 153d Depot Brigade.
Lapadura, Vincent — Pvt., 358th Bakery Co.
Lapczewski, Emil V. — Corp., Motor Transport Corps.
Laplaca, J. H. — Corp.
Laport, R. G. — 1st Lieut., Medical Corps.
LaReau, Arthur J.— Sgt., Co. C, 335th Battalion.
Larelle, John P. — Pvt., Headquarters, 327th Infantry.
WA October 18, 1918.
Larivey, Edward A. — Wagoner, Supply Co., 311th Inf.
Larkin, J. Leonard— Pvt., Battery D, 335th F. A.
Larkin, William F.— Pvt., 17th Co. 157th Depot Brig.
Larned, Anne M. — Nurse, Reconstruction Aide, Base
Hospital 5.
Larson, William N. — Lieut., Ordnance A. S.
Lasek, Thomas— Pvt., Co. H, 2d Battalion Proving
Grounds.
Lasek, Walter— Pvt. WA.
Laska, Anthony — Pvt., 12th Cavalry.
Laska, Frank— Pvt. WA October 14, 1918.
Laskowski, Walter— Pvt. WA.
Lass, John R. — Pvt., 40th Ambulance Corps.
Laszewski, Francis B. — Pvt., 334th Field Artillery.
Latke, John J.— Pvt., 17th Battalion, 153d Depot Brig.
LaTour, Douglas T.— Pvt., Co. K, 3d Battalion.
Latz. Louis R. — Musician, 55th Pioneer Infantry.
Latzer, Leo B. — Pvt., Co. A, 6th Anti-Aircraft.
Laude, C. Hamilton — Pvt., 669th Aero Squadron.
Laudan, Howard J. — Pvt. WA.
Lauffer, Edwin J. — Pvt., Headquarters, 25th Artillery.
Lautfer, Fred E.— Pvt., 312th Field Hospital, 303d
Sanitary Train.
Launspach, Chester— Pvt., 2, N. A. R. D. T. C.
Laughrey, Allen J. — Pvt., Headq'rs, Inf. Replacement.
Lauth, Edward V. — Sgt., 303d Motor Transport Corps.
Lauth, George W.— Pvt., Co. D, 312th Am. Train.
Lautz, Carl F.— Sgt., Co. H, 311th Infantry WA Nov-
ember 1, 1918.
Lautz, Edw. G. — 1st Lieut., Ordnance Department.
Lautz, George A., Jr.— Pvt., S. A. T. C.
Lautz, Henry E.— Sgt., 2d Co., 71st Engineers.
Lautz, Theodore V. V. — 1st Lieut., Air Service.
Laux, Charles D.— Pvt., Co. E, 302d Engineers.
Laux, Harold W.— Pvt., Co. C, 303d Ammunition Train.
Laux, Herbert B.— Capt., S. A. T. C.
Lavery, David P. — Sgt., Stevedores.
Lavery, Joseph E. — Pvt., 4th Field Artillery. W.
Lavery, William G. — Pvt., Co. D, 102d Engineers.
Law, James H. — Pvt., 31st Balloon Co.
LaWall, Winfred N. — Corp., 29th Aero Squadron.
Lawe, Alphonse F. — Bugler, Co. B, 12th Am. Train.
Lawiski, Tony — Pvt., 55th Engineers.
Lawler, John P.— Pvt., Co. I, 345th Infantry.
Lawler, John K. — Pvt., 4th Co., Coast Artillery Corps.
Lawless, John J. — Ist-class Sgt., Construction 9,A.S.S.C.
Lawless, Thomas J., Jr. — Pvt. W.
Lawrence, Christopher — Pvt., Battery C, 65th F. A.
Lawrence, Elmer M. — Pvt., Fire Truck Hose 324.
Lawrence, .James N. — Capt., Chemical Warfare Service.
Lawrence, William C. — Pvt., 10th Co., 3d Infantry.
Lawrencel, William H. — Corp. WA.
Lawski, Stanley — Pvt. WA.
Lawson, Donald M. — Signaler. Canadian 133d Battalion
Lawson, Frederick — Cook, 468th Engineers.
Lawson, John — Wagoner, 304th Machine Gun Bat.
Lawson, William M.— Pvt., Co. H, 303d Am. Train.
Lawton, Paul O. — Corp., Co. D, 52d Coast Artillery.
Layton, Francis C. — Inst., Co. L, Aero Squadron.
Layton, Harry E. — Wagoner, 131st Machine Gun Bat.
Lazarus, Charles J. — Sgt., 5th Division, 9th Brigade,
14th Machine Gun Battalion.
Lazewski, Ignatz — Pvt., 334th Motor Transport Corps.
Lazewski, Stanley A. — Pvt., 59th Pioneer Infantry.
Lazier, Lawrence W. — Corp., R. U. 304 Motor Trans-
port Corps.
U. S. Army
561
Lazzario, Giuseppe — Pvt. WA.
Ldrojewski, J. — Pvt., Headquarters, Camp Eustin.
Leahy, Dennis J. — Pvt., .306th Machine Gun Battalion.
Leahy, Patrick J.— Pvt., Co. E, 347th Infantry.
Leahy, James J. — Pvt., Co. C, 333d Battalion Tank
Corps.
Learns, Albert C. — Pvt., Headq'rs, 11th Reg. Art.
Learman, Bertram H.— Corp., Battery F, 106th F. A.
Leary, Frank J.— Pvt., 307th Machine Gun Battalion.
WA June 24, 1918.
Leary, Frank J.— Pvt., Co. H, 346th Infantry.
Leary, George A. — Ist-class Pvt., Co. A, 49th Infantry.
Leary, John J.— Pvt. WA July 18, 1918.
Leary, Lawrence J. — Pvt., 351st Infantry.
Leary, Robert — Ist-class Sgt., 2d Aero Squadron.
Leary, Stephen J.— Pvt., Co. C, 61st Infantry. WA
September 2, 1918.
Leary, William D.— Pvt., 191st A. S.
Leahy, William J.— Wagoner, Co. H, 309th Infantry.
Leavery, Joseph E. — Pvt., 4th Field Artillery. WA
October 5, 1917.
Leavy, Joseph — Corp., Aircraft Service.
Leavy, Stephen J. — Pvt., 61st Infantry.
Leber, Frank — Pvt., 1st Cavalry Supply Troop.
Lebert, Charles— Pvt. WA.
Lebert, Harry F.— Pvt., Co. E, 311th Infantry.
Lecci, Salvatore J.— Pvt., Co. C, 339th Battalion Tank
Corps.
Lechner, Joseph — Pvt., 498th Aero Squadron.
Leddick, Lawson W. — Pvt., Co. D, 302d Engineers.
WG July, 1918.
Ledwin, Joseph — Pvt. WA.
Ledwon, Adam — Pvt., Co. F, 302d Ammunition Train.
Lee, Frank M.~Pvt., 120th Machine Gun Battalion.
WG July, 1918.
Lee, Frederick A. — Regimental Sgt.-Major, Head-
quarters, 1.57th Depot Brigade.
Lee, James F. — Corp., 172d Aero Squadron.
Lee, John R.— Sgt., Battery E, 303d Field Artillery.
Lee, Harry L. — Mech., Battery E, 35th Field Artillery.
Leeming, John H. — Capt., A. G. O.
Lefczyk, Paul A.— Corp., Co. K, 164th Infantry.
LeFevre, Alois A. — Pvt., Co. C, 4th Engineers Infantry.
WA July 18, 1918.
LeFevre, Lawrence W. — Pvt., N. T. C. Infantry.
Leffers, John G. — H. A., Quantico, Va.
Leary, John J.— Pvt., Co. E, 7th Infantry. W June 7,
1918.
Leffler, Compton— Sgt., Co. D, S. A. T. C.
Lehmann, J. Arthur— Pvt., S. A. T. C.
Lehmon, Frank, Aero Squadron "C." W.
Lehman, Myron G. — Capt., Ordnance Dept.
Lehman, Peter W.— Pvt., Co. L, 311th Infantry.
Lehman, William — Pvt., Headquarters, 311th Infantry.
Lehner, Frank~Pvt., Battery D, 60th Field Artillery.
Lehner, Fred — Pvt., Co. D, 303d Ammunition Train.
Lehner, John— Pvt., Co. B, 346th Infantry.
Lehr, Henry C— Pvt., 61st Infantry.
Lehr, Peter— Pvt. WA.
Lehrback, Warren W. — Sgt., 303d Engineers.
Leich, Oscar F. — Pvt., 428th Motor Transport Corps.
Leininger, Chester H. — Pvt., 83d Spruce Squadrons.
Leipler, Leo — Pvt., Aux. Remount Depot.
Leich, Oscar F. — Pvt., 428th Motor Transport Corp.
Leigh, Lansford L. — Pvt., Base Hospital 68.
Leins, Alfred— Pvt., 306th Infantry. W.
Leiphart, Frederick — Pvt., Camp Humphreys, Va.
Leiser, Fred A. — Corp., Co. C, 302d Engineers.
Leising, August — Pvt., Motor Truck Co., 469.
Leising, Leo N. — Pvt. WA.
Leisner, Ernest — Pvt., 6th Co., Separate Battalion.
Leisner, Louis M. — Pvt., Headquarters, 348th Infantry.
Leiter, Russell J.— Pvt., 0. T. C. Camp Hancock, Ga.
Leiter, Walter — Pvt., Aux. Remount Depot 307.
Leith, John — Pvt.
Lelonck, Max S.— Pvt. 21st, 153d Depot Brigade.
LeMallette, R. — Pvt., 12th Ammunition Train.
Leman, Chas. W.— Pvt., Co. C, 8th Machine Gun Bat-
talion. WA September, 1918.
Leman, Harold J.— Pvt., Co. C, 18th. WA July 18, 1918.
Lembardo, Eugenio — Pvt., Co. I.
Lembisz, B. — Pvt., Medical Corps 13.
Lembisz, Michael A. — Pvt., Co. B, Ordnance Dept.
Lembke, Arthur H.— Pvt., Co. D, 318th Engineers.
Lemkey, John F.— Pvt., Co. D, 302d Engineers. WA
October 20, 1918.
Lemme, Christ— Pvt., Supply Co., 36th Field Artillery.
Lenahan, William — Corp., Co. D, 303d Engineers.
Lenahan, Raymond— Pvt., S. A. T. C.
Lendrim, John S. — Corp., Base Hospital 23.
Lene, Fred— Sgt., Co. C, 31st Battalion U. S. Guards.
Lener, Henry L.— Pvt., Co. C, U. S. Guards.
Lener, Leon J. — Pvt., Co. I, 311th Infantry.
Lennartz, Joseph A. — Ist-class Pvt., Co. E, 335th F. A.
Lennon, Harold J. — Pvt., Co. E, 303d Engineers.
Lennon, John E. — Pvt., Headquarters, 11th F. A.
Lennon, .James J. — Pvt., WA.
Lennon, William T.— Pvt., Co. D, 306th Infantry.
Lentini, Anthony — Pvt., Co. D, 335th Machine Gun
Battalion.
Lentz, Richard P.— Pvt., Co. F, 148th Infantry.
Lenz, Helmuth C— Sgt.
Leonard, Charles J. — Ist-class Sgt., Ordnance Headq'rs.
Leonard, Edward F. — Pvt., Co. E, 109th Engineers.
Leonard, Edward W. — Pvt., 26th Infantry.
Leonovitch, Steve— Pvt., Co. M, 11th Infantry. WG
October 15, 1918.
Leonard, James C. — Sgt., 24th Co., 153d Depot Brig.
Leonard, Ralph J.— Pvt., Co. G, 309th Infantry. WA
October 1918.
Leprell, Lawrenz — Pvt., Co. F, 51st Pioneer Infantry.
Lergenmiller, O. H. — Pvt., Headquarters, 311th Eng.
Lerner, Frank X.— Pvt., 5th Co., C. A. C.
Lerner, Michafl M.— Cook, Battery E, 8th F. A.
Lesch, Gersham, A. R.— Sgt., 11th Co., 153d Depot Brig.
Lesinski, John E.— Pvt., Co. C, 87th Division.
Leslie, Fred W.— Pvt., Co. D, lOSth Machine Gun Bat.
Lester, R. Anton — Pvt., Headquarters, 345th Infantry.
Lester, Earl J. — Corp., 32d Co., Machine Gun Bat.
Lester, Earl V. — Sgt., Provision Supply Train.
Lesswing, Edward F. — Pvt., 319th Aero Squadron.
Lettieri, Domenick A.— Pvt., 69th A. S.
562
Buffalo's Part in the World War
Lettieri, Vito A.— Pvt., 347th Infantry.
Lesucowski, Stanley J. — Pvt. WA.
Letzin, John N.— Pvt., Unit 382, Camp Dix.
Lent, August P. — Corp., Quartermasters Corps.
Leuer, Leon J. — Pvt. WA
LeValley, Gifford— Pvt.
Levea, Frank W.— Corp., Co. B, 17th Machine Gun Bat.
Levelle, John P.— Pvt., Headq'rs, 327th Inf. WA.
Levey, Sheldon B. — Corp., Headquarters, 328th Inf.
Levey, Sidney F. — Corp., Headquarters 328th Infantry.
WA November 10, 1918.
Levis, Roland W. — Ist-class Pvt., Co. F, 2d Engineers.
Levy, Charles F.— Pvt., Troop C, 2d Cavalry.
Levy, Max E. — Sgt., Medical Supply Depot.
Levy, Thomas E. — Pvt., Co. K, 51st Pioneer Infantry.
Lewandowski, Adam J. — Pvt., Salvage Division Quar-
termasters Corps.
Lewandowski, Andrew — Pvt., 54th Engineers.
Lewandowski, Anthonia — Pvt., 22d Co., 153d Depot
Brigade.
Lewandowski, Felix J.~Pvt., 9th Co., 3d Train Bat.
Lewandowski, Frank — Pvt., Quartermasters Corps.
Lewandowski, Frank — Pvt., Co. K, 13th Infantry.
Lewandowski, Frank J. — Pvt., Medical Corps, Camp
Jackson.
Lewandowski, Janatz J. — Pvt., Co. A, 5th Infantry.
Lewandowski, Louis F. — Battery F, 34th F. A.
Lewandowski, Stanley — Pvt., Co. K, 306th Infantry.
WA September 26, 1918.
Lewandowski, Vincent — Pvt., Co. B, 59th Infantry.
Lewandowski, William J. — Pvt., 9th Trench Mortar
Battery.
Lewenicht, Hy C. — Pvt., Hospital School.
Lewenicht, Herbert — Sgt., 309th Infantry Band.
Lewenicht, Raymond J. — Corp. WA.
Lewin, Sidney W. — Ist-class Pvt., Motor Truck 424.
Lewin, Thurber — Pvt., Students' Army Training Corps.
Lewis, Arthur L. — 1st Lieut., 31st Aero Squadron.
Lewis, Bernard J. — Ist-class Pvt. .Medical Supply Depot.
Lewis, James H. — Capt., Medical Corps.
Lewis, Marcel C. — Signal Corps. WA Arras.
Lewis, Robert D.— Corp., Co. M, 311th Infantry.
WA November 1, 1918.
Cited for extraordinary lieroism near Grand Pre, France, October
27, 1918 and received D. S. C.
Lewis, Wallace S. — Pvt., 1st Army Depot Battalion.
Lewis, Wilham D. — Pvt., 248th Aero Squadron.
Lewis, William E.— Sgt., Co. E, 303d Engineers.
Lewis, William F. — Sgt., Motor Transport Corps.
Ley, Sylvester J. — Baker, 2d Rect. Regulars.
Leycraft, George H. — Aviation.
Liaros, Cosmos — Pvt., 8th Co., 152d Depot Brigade.
Licato, Vincenzio — Pvt. WA.
Lichenthal, Albert J. — Sgt., Air Service.
Lichtenthal, Nicholas — Pvt., Air Service.
Lichtenwalter, William — Pvt.
Liddle, Alfred F. — Corp., Medical Corps.
Liddle, Raymond — Pvt., Co. A, 87th Engineers.
Lieberman Wm. F.— Sgt., Co. L, 361 Infantry. WA
September 30, 1918.
Liebler, George — Pvt., 9th Trench Mortar Battery.
Lieder, Charles J. — Corp., Co. E, 138th Engineers.
Lieder, Christ J. — Corp., Co. E, 26th Engineers.
Lieder, Henry J. — Pvt., 321st Aero Squadron.
Lieder, Oscar — Pvt., 302d Sanitary Train.
Liedy, Tris E. — Pvt., 27th Division Headquarters Troop.
Lienert, Frank G.— Bugler, Battery F, 335th F. A.
Lightman, Albert S. — Pvt., 51st Pioneer Infantry.
Lillis, George F. — Pvt., 41st Railroad Artillery.
Lillis, John J. — Pvt., Co. F, 304th Ammunition Train.
Lima, Sam— Co. K, 346th Infantry.
Limburg, Fred F.~Pvt., Co. C, 335th Machine Gun
Battalion.
Limburg, Herbert G. — Pvt., 153d Depot Brigade.
Limburg, .Jacob A. — Pvt., Co. M, 319th Infantry.
Limburg, William— Sgt., Co. G, 309th Infantry. WA
October, 1918.
Limer, Jospeh — Pvt., Quartermasters Corps.
Linabury, Lloyd B. — 2d Lieut., Transport. WA August,
1918.
Linburg, Christ G.— Pvt., 10th Co., Motor Truck.
Linburg, Elmer H.— Pvt., Tank Corps., 307.
Lindahl, Geo W. — Sgt., Mechanical Repair Unit.
Lindaner, Charies— Pvt., 10th Co., 4th Regular M. M.
Air Service.
Lindehe, Chas. Herman — Pvt., Quartermasters Corps.
Lindgren, Harold R.— Pvt., S. A. T. C.
Lindgren, Lennart J. — Lieut., Dental Detachment.
Linhardt, John C. — Wagoner Co. A, 304th Machine
Gun Battalion.
Lindholm, Carl — Pvt., Base Hospital 23.
Lindner, A. M. — Sgt., Co. A, 61st Infantry.
Lindner, George J. — Quartermasters Corps, Mech. Re-
pair Shop 302.
Lindner, Mathew — Sgt., Headquarters Co., 311th Inf.
Lindsay, Norman D. — Sgt., 21st Co., Quartermasters
Corps.
Linford, Ernst H. — Corp., 312 Ammunition Train.
Linford, John W. — Master Engineer, 437th Detach-
ment, Engineer Corps.
Ling, George M. — Pvt., Co. E, 5th Division.
Link, Frederick George — Lieut., Motor Transport Corps.
Link, George William — Sgt.
Link, Robert L. — Corp., Battalion 2, 153d Depot Brig.
Link, William J.— Pvt., Co. C, 307th Infantry.
Linklater, Eugene R. — Lieut., Medical Corps.
Linn, James Q.
Linneman, Ben.
Linraker, William.
Lipczyinski, John F. — Corp., Co. M, 51st Infantry.
Lipcynski, Helene M. — Army Nurse, Unit 68.
Lipiasz, Wojciech — Pvt., Co. E, 306th Infantry.
Lipp, Art — Ass't Steward, Provisional Exchange De-
tachment.
Lipp, Edward M. — Corp., 680 Aero Squadron.
Lipp, Frank C. — Pvt., Co. L, 59th Pioneer Infantry.
Lipp, Raymond — Chauffeur Headquarters Co., 302d
Signal Battalion.
Lipp, Raymond L. — Pvt., Co. C, 302d Am. Train.
Lips, Herbert H.— Pvt., Squad D, Wright Field.
Lis, Joseph J.— Pvt., Co. C, 347th Infantry.
Lisica, John — Pvt. W.
U. S. Army
563
Lisiewski, John — Pvt., Co. D, 104th Ammunition train.
Lisiewski, Peter — Pvt., Quartermasters Corps.
Lisiewski, S. B.— Pvt., Battery C, 5th Depot Brigade.
Lisinski, Anthony — Pvt., Co. L, 346th Infantry.
Lisoveghe, John — Pvt.
Litchner, Albert F.— Pvt., Co. G, 30th Infantry. WA.
October 9, 1918.
Litchner, Paul J. — Pvt., Co. C, 59th Pioneer Infantry.
Litchner, William— Pvt., Co. A, 48th Battalion.
Litka, Ma.xwell — Pvt., Co. A, 302d Engineers.
Litka, William— Pvt., Battery E, 8th Field Artillery.
Littlefield, Charles A. — Ist-class, Pvt. 35th Service Co.,
S. C.
Littlefield, Ray J. — Corp., War Risk Insurance.
Littlefield, Martin J.— Sgt., Infantry, S. A. T. C.
Litzburg, George N. — Ist-class Pvt., 21st Co., Proving
Ground.
Litzburg, Ray W.— Corp., 311th Infantry. WA Sept-
ember 23, 1918.
Livingston, John W. — Pvt., Truck 2, 12 Am. Train.
Livingston, John — Pvt., 1st Co., C. A. C.
Lobach, William H.— Sgt., Co. D, 309th Infantry. WA
October 24, 1918.
Lobbett, Howard A. — Corp., Headquarters, Motor
Transport Unit, 83d Division.
Lobczowski, Joseph— Pvt., Co. H, 326th Infantry.
Lobilo, Ludwig — Pvt., Headquarters, 328th Infantry.
WG September 19, 1918.
Locher, Andrew L. — Pvt., 6th Ordnance Co.
Locher, Joseph C— 1st Sgt., 47th Co., 12th Battalion,
Camp Dix.
Lock, Andrew J. — Pvt., Battery D, 2d First Army Re-
placement Depot.
Lochnicht, J. G. — Pvt., Detachment 4, Bureau of
Aircraft Production.
Lochte, Arthur J. — Corp., Co. M, 311th Infantry.
Lockwood, Samuel — Pvt. WA.
Locny, Stanislaus — Pvt., Co. R, 4th Battalion Ord-
nance Detachment.
Loder, Walter T.— Ist-class Pvt., Co. D, 311th Infantry.
Lods, Benjamin W.— Pvt., Co. D, 302 Engineers. WA.
Loebiecki, Frank — Pvt., 109th Spruce Squadron.
Loebs, Frank — Pvt., 1st Utilities, Quartermasters Corps.
Loeffler, George J. — Pvt., Headquarters, 308th F. A.
Loeffler, Samuel J.— Pvt., Co. A. 308th Engineers.
Loepere, Clarence H. — Pvt., Quartermasters Corps.
Loepere, Clinton H. — Corp., Co. E, 9th.
Loesch, Alvin C. — Pvt., Ordnance Depot 2.
Loesch, August — Pvt., Headquarters, 22d Infantry.
Loftus, John v.— Corp., Co. B, 16th Battalion.
Loftus, Thomas— Pvt., Co. K, 345th Infantry.
Loftus, William D. — Corp.
Logan, Bennie— Pvt., Co. D, 306th Infantry. WA
September 5, 1918.
Logan, Frank J. — Pvt., 2d Ordnance Guard Co.
Logan, Robert— Pvt., Co. E, 306th Infantry.
Logrippa, Vito— Pvt., Co. I, 330th Infantry.
Loguidice, Paolo — Pvt., 5th S. Battalion.
Lohouse, George F.— 1st Sgt., Co. G, 74th.
Lojacano, Frank L., Jr. — Sgt., 2d Aero Company.
Lokay, Bronislaw J.— Pvt., 36th Co., 152d Depot Brig.
Lokay, Conrad F.— Pvt., 7th Co., 2d Training Bat.
LoflFt. Bernard T.— Sgt., Headquarters, 328th Infantry.
Lofft, Leo J. — Ist-class Pvt., 133th Ambulance Co.
Loftus, John v.— Corp., Co. B, 16th Infantry.
Lofus, William D.— Corp., Co. D, 306th Infantry. WG
September 6, 1918.
Loga, John— Pvt., Co. E, 306th Infantry.
Logan, Harold B. — Lieut., Co. L, Rep. and Tr. Camp
Waco, Texas.
Logan, William J.— Pvt., Co. A, 8th M. G. Battalion.
Logue, Raymond D. — Pvt.. Co. D, 209th Engineers.
Lohnes, Harry R. — Capt., Medical Corps.
Lojacono, Carl R.— Sgt., Co. D, S. A. T. C.
Lojacono, Vincent— Pvt., Co. B, S. A. T. C.
Lojacono, Salvator C. — 1st Lieut., Hospital Staff 8.
Lomanto, Cologero — Pvt., Co. F, 4th Infantry.
Lomanto, Louis — Pvt. WA.
Lomax, James — Pvt., Battery C, 30th Coast Artillery
Corps.
Lombardo, Charles — Pvt., Co. D, 345th Infantry.
Lombardo, Salvator — Corp.
Lombardo, Santo — Pvt., Con. Rec. Detachment.
Lombard, Jos A.— Pvt., 17th Bn. 153d Depot Brigade.
Lombard, Michael — Pvt., 410th Bakery Co.
Lonergan, James E. — Pvt., Co., D, 306th Machine Gun
Battalion. WA October 8, 1918.
Lonergan, John J. — Pvt., 16th Battalion, U. S. Guards.
Lonergan, James E. — Pvt. WA.
Lonergan, Pierce F. — Pvt., Co. B, 346th Infantry.
Long, Charles— Pvt., Battery B, 104th Field Artillery.
Long, Clare H. — Ist-class Pvt., Aviation.
Long, Clarence— Pvt.,Co. E, 16th U. S. Infantry.
Long, George H. — Pvt., 37th Coast Artillery Corps.
Long, John F.— Pvt., Co. B, 309th Infantry.
Long, Oscar— Pvt., Battery B, 104th Field Artillery.
Long, Herbert— Pvt., Battery B, 104th Field Artillery.
Long, John J.— Pvt., 12th Co., 152d Depot Brigade.
Long, Frank H.— 1st Lieut., Med. Detach., 76th F. A.
Lonien, Fred— Pvt., Battery C, 336th Field Artillery.
Lonkey, Millard W. — Corp. WA.
Loomis, John F. — 2d Lieut., Co. K, 331st Infantry.
Loomis, Wilfred H.— Corp., Co. A, 334th Battalion
Tank Corps.
Loonsk, Herman — Pvt., 312th Infantry.
Loos, E. G.— Corp., 12th Brigade, 36th Field Artillery.
Loos, Harold J. — Lieut., Quartermaster, Base Hosp. 72.
Lopresti, Carmelo— Pvt. WA October 9, 1918.
Lorecco, Sam— Pvt., Co. G, 346th Infantry.
Lord, Frank— Pvt., 22d Co., 152d Depot Brigade.
Lord, Leo — Sgt., Candidate School.
Lorenz, George M. — Pvt., Medical Detach. Base Hosp.
Loricco, John J. — Pvt., Headquarters, Battalion Band.
Lorig, John N. — Pvt.
Lorig, Mathias P.— Pvt., Co. K, 117th Infantry. WA
October 7, 1918.
Loring, Sydney — Pvt., Co. A, 101st Engineers. WG
March 29, 1918, September 21, 1918.
Lormor, Earl H. — 1st Lieut., Medical Corps.
Loscher, Alfred W. C— Corp., Co. H, 348th Infantry.
LoTempio, Sam — Pvt., Camp Upton, N. Y.
Loth, Albert F.— Pvt., Co. H, 306th Infantry.
564
Buffalo's Part in the World War
Loth, Edwin L.— Pvt., Co. E, 311th Infantry.
Lotz, Alexander J.— Ist-class Pvt., Co. F, 306th Inf.
Lotz, Hubert A.— Pvt., Co. M, 306th Infantry. WA
September 6, 1918.
Lotz, John — Pvt.
Lotz, .Joseph~Pvt., Co. G, 306th Inf. Taken prisoner.
Lotz, Joseph— Pvt. WA.
Loughein, John H.— Pvt., Co. D, 306th Infantry.
Loughren, George J. — Pvt., Co. E, Infantry.
Lovallo, Vita — Pvt., Q. M. C, Camp Jackson.
Love, William — Pvt., Medical Unit.
Lovelace, Earl H.— Pvt. WA.
Lowe, Harold T.— Capt., Co. G, 104th Infantry. WA
April 13, 1918.
Awarded Croix de Guerre April 26, 1918; recommended for Dis-
tinguised Service Cross.
Lowe, Frank— Pvt., Co. D, 303d Motor Supply.
Lowenstein, Edw. F.— Pvt., 4th Co., 1st Mech. Regt.
Lowenthal, Edgar — Rgt. Sgt. Maj., Personnel Office,
157th Depot Brigade.
Lowinski, Michael — Pvt., Co. H, 164th Infantry.
Lowry, Ambrose A.— 1st Sgt., 15th Co., 153d Depot Br.
Lowry, John M.— Ist-class Pvt., Co. D, 422d Field
Signal Battalion.
Loyall, Luther L.— Pvt., 45th Co., 153d Depot Brigade.
Laysen, Roy J.— Pvt., 307th Infantry.
Lu'banski, Wladyslaw— Pvt., 20th Co., 153d Depot Br.
Lubbert, Fred. H.— Ist-class Pvt., Headq'rs, 311th Inf.
Lubby, Charles E.— Pvt., Co. H, 11th Infantry.
Lubecki, Casimer— Pvt., 9th Co., 306th Infantry.
Lubecki, Casimer — Pvt. Taken prisoner.
Luber, George S.— Pvt. WA.
Lubiek, Nathan— Pvt., Co. H, 348th Infantry.
Lucas, Michael — Officers' Training School, F. A.
Lucke, Peter— Pvt., Co. H, 87th Division.
Lucyak, Leo. J.— Pvt., Q. M. C.
Lude, William J.— Sgt., Co. C, 312th Am. Train.
Ludeman, Alfred C— Pvt., Co. L, 307th Infantry. WA
October 4, 1918.
Ludwig, Edgar V. — Syracuse Rec. Camp.
Ludwig, John— Pvt., Battery E, 334th Field Artillery.
Ludwig, Howard J. — 1st Lieut., Medical Corps.
Ludwig, William E. — Corp., 306th Inf. Taken prisoner.
Luedke, Arthur H.— Pvt., Co. L, 23d Engineers.
Luer, Walter T.— Sgt., 4th Infantry.
Luezkowski, Casimer — Pvt., 302d Engineers.
Luh, Chas. E.— Pvt., 55th Balloon Co.
Luippold, Otto J. — Pvt., Headquarters, 347th Infantry.
Luka, Kaiser — WA February 1918.
Luka, Stanley— Pvt., Co. C, 307th Infantry.
Lukaszewski, Andrew A. — Pvt., 346th Infantry.
Lukaszewzki, George — ^Pvt., Co. H, 59th Pioneer Inf.
Lukaszewski, Leo L.— Pvt., Co. H, T. C, 35th Rgt.
Lukaszewski, Leon — Pvt., Co. B, 153d Depot Brigade.
Luksch, Alphonse S.— Pvt., 20th Co., T. M. B.
Luksch, Frank J.— Sgt., Co. D, 309th Infantry. WG
October 18, 1918.
Luksch, Joseph L.—Rvt., Battery E, 35th F. A.
Lull, Walter S.~Pvt., Co. B, 74th Infantry.
Lumley, Harold T.— Pvt. Co. F, 102d Engineers. WG
October 5, 1918.
Lumley, Herbert C. — Sgt., 192d Aero Squadron.
Lumpp, Frederick D. — Baker, Receiving Ship.
Lund, Gordon — Pvt., Co. D, 114th Engineers.
Lund, Russell G.— Corp., Co. A, 302d Infantry.
Lund, William R.— Corp., Co. D, 302d Engineers. WG
September 10, 1918.
Lundquist, Hjalmar T.— Pvt., 307th Tank Corps.
Lunz, William A.— Pvt., Battery E, 335th F. A.
Luongo, Clement P.— O. D. T. C.
Lurkey, William C— Rgt. Sgt. Maj., Co. B, 303d Engrs.
Lus, John J.— Pvt., Battery B, 102d Field Artillery.
WG October 11, 1918.
Lusing, Lawrence A. — Pvt., Co. L, 345th Infantry.
Luskin Morris— Pvt., S. A. T. C.
Luszck, Julius — Pvt., Co. I, 331st Infantry.
Lutz, Edward— Pvt., Co. D, 3d Brig., Machine Gun
Battalion. WA May 28, 1918.
Lux, John W. — Corp., 72d Aero Squadron.
Lux, Raymond P. — Corp., Co. M, 326th Infantry.
Luxenburg, Forest H. — Pvt., Battery A, 4th Artillery.
Lyczynski, John F.— Pvt., Co. F. WA October 30, 1918.
Lyman, Arthur C— Pvt., Co. A, 302d Field Sig. Batt'n.
Lyman, M.
Lynch, Ambrose M. — Wagoner, 2d Co., 2d Engineers.
WA .July 19, 1918.
Lynch, Edward B.— Pvt., Co. G, 311th Infantry. WA
October 18, 1918.
Lynch, Elmer J.— Pvt., Co. H, 348th Infantry.
Lynch, Frank M.— Ist-class Pvt., Battery A. 79th F. A.
Lynch, John A. — Lieut., Air Service.
Lynch, .John F. — Co. A, 303d Ammunition Train.
Lynch, Leo V. — Corp., Co. D, 312th Ammunition Tr.
Lynch, Owen J.— Pvt., Co. D, 302d Engineers.
Lynch, Raymond V. — Pvt., Co. K, 51st Pioneer Inf.
Lynch, Walter E.— Mech., Co. G, 311th Infantry.
Lyon, C. S. — Lieut., Aviation.
Lyons, Albert— Pvt., Battery F, 336th Field Artillery.
Lyons, Daniel— Pvt., Co. A, 309th Infantry.
Lyons, William F.— Pvt., Co. A, Military Police, 3d Div.
Lyon.HiramW.- Pvt., S. A. T. C. (Williams).
Lyon, Irving P. — Major, Medical Corps.
Lyons, Harry F.— Pvt., Co. D, 136th Infantry.
Lyons, James J.— Pvt., Co. D, 5th Rgt., Medical Corps.
Lyons, John J. — Pvt., 241st Battalion, Scotch High-
landers. WA June 1917.
Lyons, Thomas A. D. — Pvt., Co. A, 16th Infantry.
Lyons, Thomas C— Pvt., 11th Co., 345th Infantry.
Lyons, Vincent S.— Pvt., I. R. D., Fort Edward.
Lytle, James H. — 2d Lieut., Air Service.
Lytle, Samuel S.— 302d Engineers. WA.
MacArthur, Charles P.— 2d Lieut., H'dq'rs, 311th F. A.
MacClelland. Lea H. — Pvt., Sanitary Squadron 44th.
McComber, Norman— Pvt., Co. B, 311th U. S. Inf. WA.
MacDonald, Archie R. — Pvt., Co. A, 53d Engineers.
Macdonald, Keith H. — Radio Electrician, 11th.
Macdonald, Malcomb — Pvt., Co. D, 302d Engineers.
Macdonald, Neil — Aviator, Royal Flying Corps.
MacDonald, Lee B. — Pvt., Co. A, 303d Engineers.
MacDonell, Donald A.— Mech., Co. F, 309th. WA.
MacDougal, Neil— 1st Lieut., 314th Field Artillery.
MacDowell, .James — Corp., Signal Corps, Holy Cross.
U. S. Army
565
MacDowell, Lawrence W. — Sgt., 330th A. C, Sanitary
Train 308th.
MacGregor, Fred E. — Corp., 5th M. O. Repair Shop.
MacGregor, Roderick H. — Sgt., Co. A, 303d Engineers.
G October 29, 1918, Argonne.
Machemer, Walter L. — 1st Lieut., Base Hospital 23.
Machreiner, Peter J.— Pvt., Battery E, 80th F. A.
Machriner, Joseph A. — Co. G, 351st Infantry.
Maciag, Albin— Pvt., Co. I, 166th Infantry.
Macijewski, Cassimer — Pvt. WA.
Maciejewski, Frank M. — Pvt., Battery B, 3d Regt.
Maciejewski, Joseph — Pvt., 93d Spruce Squadron.
Macie.)ewski, Z.ygmunt — Co. L, 347th. Infantry.
Maciejewski, Steven — Pvt., Co. H, 311th Infantry.
Macierowski, Frank — Pvt. WA.
Maciorowski, Frank — Co. A, 302d Engineeis Corp. WA.
Mack, Daniel J. — Sapper, British Royal Engineers.
Mack, Edward — Musician, 334 Field Artillery Band.
Mack, Frank J. — Sgt., Co. 33, Transport Corps.
Mack, George C— Pvt., Headq'rs, 307th Inf. G, WA.
Mack, John A.— Pvt., Co. F, 348th Infantry.
Mack, Wm. B.— Major, 308th Infantry.
Mackenzie, George — Sgt., Co. L, 5th Ohio Infantry.
Mackierowski, Frank — Pvt. WA.
Mackowiak, Frank — Pvt., Co. I, 53rd Infantry.
Mackowiak, Leon R. — Battery A, 2d Artillery.
MacLaughlin, Joseph J. — Pvt., Co. C, 307th Infantry.
WA June 24, 1918.
Maclay, Donald E.— Corp. and Sgt.. Co. H, 309th In-
fantry, 2d Lieut., 11th Infantry, Co. B.
MacLean, Frederick D.— Pvt., Co. E, 305th Infantry.
MacLean, Fred D.— Pvt., Co. E, 305th Infantry Q.M.C.
MacLowry, Ambrose A. — Pvt., 40th Co., 152d Depot
Brigade, Camp Upton.
MacLowry, James T. — 1st Sgt., 44th Service Co.
MacNabb, Alex B.— 1st Lieut., 10th U. S. Cavalry.
Macpherson, WiUiam J. — Pvt. WA.
Madden, Earl B. — Pvt., Quartermasters Corps.
Madden, Michael J. — Pvt., Quartermasters Corps.
Madden, Lawrence J. — Pvt., Battery E, 11th F. A.
Madden, John J.— Pvt., Co. G, 52d Infantry.
Madden, Harrison S. — Pvt., Co. E, 112 Engineers.
Madejczyk, Andrew — Pvt., Co. G, 59th Pioneers.
Maderer, Fred J.— Sgt., Co. C, 309th Infantry.
Maderer, Phillip G.— Sgt., Co. C, 309th Infantry.
Maddex, Joseph S.— Pvt., Co. I, 9th Infantry.
Madigan, Edw. C. — Corp., 331 Field Remount Squad.
Maedl, Frank C. — Pvt., Replacement Camp.
Magala, John — Pvt. WA.
Magavern, Willard J.~Pvt., Co. A, 338th B. T. N.
Magavern, William C. — 1st Lieut., Headq'rs, 304th Bat.
Magee, John L.— Pvt., M. G., 346th Infantry.
Magee, Joseph H.— Pvt., Co. G, 311th Infantry.
Magee, William J. — Pvt., 101st Machine Gun Service,
Camp W'adsworth.
Mages, John W.— Pvt., Co. H, 306th. G.
Maggio, Bross, Musician, 87th, 312th Engineers.
Mahoney, Wm. — Pvt., 1st Army Replac'm't Draft, 307.
Maggio, Frank L. — Pvt., 4th Coast Artillery Corps.
Mahar, Martin M.— Pvt., Co., 5, 153d Depot Brigade.
Maher, James — Corp., Co. D, 5th Anti-Aircraft.
Maher, James A. — Pvt., Co. H, 21st Engineers.
Maher, Joseph E.— Sgt., Co. B, 309th Infantry, G.
Maher, Matthew, F.— Corp., M. G., 147th Inf. G.
Mahlmeister, Isadore C— Pvt., S. A. T. C.
Mahr, George — Pvt., Co. E, 118th Engineers.
Mahoney, Daniel J.— Pvt., Co. D, 311th Infantry.
Mahoney, Frank R.— Pvt. WA.
Mahoney, George F. — Pvt., 4th Casual Co.
Mahoney, James E. — Pvt., Co. F, 147th Engineers.
Mahoney, James J. — Pvt., Coast Guard 7.
Mahoney, James T.— Sgt., 36th Balloon Co.
Mahoney, James H.— Sgt., Co. C, 306th Field Signal
Battalion.
Mahoney, Joseph J. — Pvt., Co. K, 51 st Pioneers.
Mahoney, Lucyan — Pvt. WA.
Mahoney, Timothy J.~Pvt., Co. E, 325th. WA.
Mahoney, Timothy A. — Pvt., Co. M, 118th Engineers.
Mahoney, Vincent M.— Pvt., S. A. T. C. ( Cornell ).
Mahoney, William J.— Corp., Co. F, 309th Inf., WA.
Mahoney, Wm. M.— Pvt., S. A. T. C.
Maier, Edwin G.— Pvt., 34th Balloon Co.
Maier, Max J. — Pvt., Co. A, 334th Machine Gun.
Maile, Valentine — Co. D, 93d Engineers.
Main, Glenn— Pvt., Co. H, 59th Pioneers.
Main, Raymond— Sgt., Troop Bat. A, 79th F. A. WA.
Main, Reuben A. — Pvt., Base Hospital.
Maisel, Henry — Pvt., 54th Engineers.
Majchizak, Michael — Pvt., 347th Infantry.
Majerowicz, Bronislaw — Co. M, 348th Infantry.
Majerowski, Frank — Co. B, 302d Engineers.
Majewski, Anthony — Pvt., Headquarters, 306th Reg.
Majewski, Frank — Pvt., Co. C, 312 Engineers.
Majewicz, Kaiser — Co. A, 302 Engineers. WA.
Majkowski, Joseph — Pvt. WA.
Makely, Arthur H. — Pvt., Canadian Ry. Troops. G.
Makowiecki, Michael — Pvt., 162d Machine Gun Co.
Makowski, Herman F. — Co. B, 4th Am. Train.
Malachowski, Walter R.— Sgt., 6th Co., 303th M. T. C.
Malay, Daniel J.— Co. E, 348th Infantry.
Malay, William H.— Co. K, 348th Infantry.
Malczewski, Stanley K.— Pvt., Co. L, 147th Inf. WA.
Malicon, Sylvester T.— Pvt., Co. F, 102d Engrs. WA.
Malican, Thomas E. — 5th Co., Hospital Training
School, Newport, R. I.
Malinowski, Frank — 106th Transporation Corps.
Malinowski, Harry— Co. E, 128th Infantry.
Malinowski, Leon— Pvt., Co. F, 148th Infantry. WA.
Malinowski, Walter A. — Pvt., 38th Service Sig. Corps.
Maliska, Fred— Sgt., Supply Co., 309th U. S. Infantry.
Maliska, Otto— Pvt., Base Hospital. WA.
Malki, William D.— Pvt., 311th M. G. Infantry. WA.
Malkowski, Boleslaw— Pvt., Battery D, 17th F. A.
Malley, Peter F.— Pvt., Co. D, 81st Engineers.
Mallion, William H. Jr.— Pvt. WA.
Mallon, Albert A.— Pvt., 314th M. T. C.
Mallon, Charles L.— Pvt., 22d Inf., M. G. Co.
Mallon, Louis H. — Pvt., Camp Dental Infirmary,
Camp Dix.
Mallory, Harrison J. — Pvt., Headquarters Co., 7th Inf.
Malloy, John J. — Pvt., Students' Army Training
Corps (Canisius College).
566
Buffalo's Part in the World War
Malone, James J.— Pvt., Co. B, 307th Inf. WA Sep-
tember 15, 1918.
Malone, John F. — Pvt., Field Artillery.
Malone, Paul — Capt., Air Service.
Malone, Robert W.— Pvt., Camp Upton, N. Y.
Malone, John — 1st Lieut., 86 Aero Squadron.
Malone, Thomas J.— Pvt., Co. 211086 Can. Inf. WA.
MaUion, William H. Jr.— Pvt., Co. L, 306th Inf. WA.
Maloney, James E.— Pvt., S. A. T. C. WA.
Manasseri, Anthony A. — Pvt., Co. M, 347th Infantry.
Manchester, Cecil A. — Candidate, 57th Training Bat'n.
Mancieso, Vincent S. — 1st Lieut., M. R. C.
Mancino, Joseph S.— Co. M, 347th Infantry.
Mancuso, Charles A. — Pvt., Battery E, 51st Artillery.
Mandel, Leo P.— Co. D, 308th Machine Gun Battalion.
Mandel, Lester P.— Sgt., Col B, 309th Infantry. WA.
Manderscheid, John A. — Pvt., Co. K, 347th Infantry.
Mang, Charles W.— Mech., Co. B, 6th A. A. C. M. G.
Battalion.
Mang, Edward R.— Pvt., 1st Prov., Rec. Bafn. WA.
Mangione, Joseph — Pvt. WA.
Manikowski, John— Pvt., Battery F, 36th F. A.
Mankowski, John — Co. D, 40th Infantry.
Manley. George J. — Pvt., 4th Battalion.
Manley, Richard J. — Pvt.
Mann, Baldwin, M. D. — Major, Base Hospital 23.
Mann, Donald S.— 1st Lieut., 309th Field Artillery.
Mann, Harold Anslem — Corp. WA.
Mann, Richard L.— Candidate, C. O. T. S., 45 Tr. Batn.
Mann, Stanley W.— Pvt., Co. B, 303th Engineers. WA.
Manning, Edward — Wagoner, Co. G, 307th Infantry.
Manning, Frank J.— 2d Lieut., 26th 60 C. O. T. S.
Manning, George J. — Sgt., Co. D, 51st Pioneer.
Manning, George P. — Lieut., Headquarters, 137th Inf.
Manning, George R.— Pvt., Co. B, 304th M. G. Bat'n.
Manning, P. J.— Sgt., Co. B, 15th Supply Train.
Manning, Stephen V.— Corp., Co. A, 306th Reg. WA.
Manning, Wm. F.— Pvt., S. A. T. C.
Manson, George — Pvt., Co. B, 37th Engineers.
Manzak, Adam J.— Pvt., P. W. E. 13. WA.
Marcello, Rody — Regiment 4.
Marchant, Earl F.— Sgt., Hdqrs., 329th Batt. Tanks.
Marchant, Raymond J. — 1st Sgt., Officers Training
School, Medical Department.
Marciczkiewicz, Boleslaw — 1st Pvt., Co. D, 302 Engrs.
Marciczkiewicz, Edward — Pvt., S. A. T. C.
Marcinkowski, B. J. — Pvt., Co. F, Air Service Squad.
Marcinowski, Leon— Pvt., Co. B, 347th.
Marcinowski, Walter.
Marcy, William L., Jr., — 2d Lieut.
Marczak, John — Pvt., Supply Co., 346th Infantry.
Mare, Joseph— Pvt., 35th Battalion, U. S. Guards.
Maren. Sali— 46th Co., 12th Battalion.
Marguccio, Philippo — Pvt. WA.
Marino, Alfonso — Battery B, 34th Field Artillery,
Camp McClellan, Anniston, Ala.
Marion, Bernardino — 17th Co., 65th 153d Depot Brigade.
Marion, Joseph — Pvt., Air Service 220.
Marion, Fred — Corp., Camp Johnson.
Markey, Thomas F.— Pvt., Co. L, 347th.
Markiewicz, Joseph— Pvt., Co. C, 327th Inf. WA.
Markiewicz, John — Pvt., WA.
Markowski, Wesley — Corp., Co. H, 147th Infantry.
Marks, Cecil C— Pvt., Co. B, 302d Engineers.
Marks, Melvin M.— Pvt., Dental Co., 1, M. R. C.
Marks, Sidney M.— Pvt., M. R. C, 309th Infantry.
Markwardt, Henry — Cook, Base Hospital 23.
Marky, Norman E. — Repair Unit 301 Hoboken, N. J.
Marlinski, Joseph J., Jr.— Co. B, 304th M. G. Bat'n.
Maroney, Edward T. — Pvt., Co. C, 302d Engineers.
Maroney, Patrick J. — Corp., 346th Infantry.
Marohn, Albert H.— Corp., Co. I, 346th Infantry.
Marohn, Benjamin — Pvt., Machine Gun, 7th Infantry.
Marong, Peter J. — Corp. WA.
Marong, Michael P. — Co. D, 307th Infantry.
Marong, Peter— Corp., Co. G, 307th Infantry. WA.
Marong, Samuel — Co. L, 347th Infantry.
Marquart, Albert J.— Pvt, Co. A, 311th Inf., G.
Marquardt, Elmer C— Co. E, 102d U. S. Engineers.
Mars, John A.— Pvt., 25th R. R. Co. 156th Engineers.
Mars, Joseph K.— Pvt., Col B, 14th M. G. Batt. G.
Marshall, Cyrus J.— Sgt., Co. J, 309th Infantry.
Marshall, George B.— Corp., Hdqrs., 117th, 30th Div.
Marshall, John H. — Co. A, 48th Battalion, Camp Mor-
gan, Morgan, N. J.
Marshall, Patrick J.— Co. M, 146th Infantry.
Marshall, William— Co. C, 307th Infantry.
Marszalkowski, Michael F.— Pvt., Co. B, 347th Infan-
try, 87th Division
Marterer, John — Puget Sound, Camp 1.
Maske, Bernard A. — Pvt. WA.
Marthia, Louis C— Pvt. WA.
Maticaco, Joseph— Pvt. WA.
Martin Arthur W.— Pvt., Co. H, 311th (111. Camp Dix,
N. Y.)
Martin, Bernard — Pvt., Students' Army Training Corps.
Martin, Carl— Pvt., 9th.
Martin, Charles J. — 1st Co., Camp Wheeler, Ga.
Martin, Earl — Corp., Co. B, 302d Ammunition Train.
Martin, Francis E. — Pvt., Co. K, 23d Engineers.
Martin, Harry — Cook. WA.
Martin, Jack R.
Martin, James J. — Pvt., Co. D, 59th Pioneer.
Martin, Leon R.— Pvt., Co. D, 12th Loco. R. R. Engrs.
Martin, Walter M. — Corp., Camp Wadsworth, Person-
nel Sect.
Marshall, Beryl— Pvt., B. F. 349th Field Artillery.
Marthia, Louis C— Pvt., Hdqrs., 306th Inf. G.
Martin, Frank P. — Training Battalion, Pugeot Sound.
Martin, James V. — Pvt., Great Lakes.
Martin, John J.— Sgt., Co. B, Signal Corps, 5th Batt.
Martin, George A. — Corp., Hdqrs., 302d Engineers.
Martin, Joseph — Co. F, 51st Pioneer Infantry.
Martin, Edward A.— Pvt., Co. C, 2d A. A. M. G. Bat'n.
Martin, Willis H. — 1st Sgt.. Ordnance Corps Stationed
at Aberdeen Proving Grounds.
Martina, Charles C. — Pvt., Headquarters Co.
Martina, Joseph— Pvt., Co. B, 12th Battalion.
Martinelli, Leonard — Pvt.
Martink, Carl G.— Sgt., Co. D, 305th M. G. Battalion.
Martinski, Frank J. — Pvt., Base Hospital 85.
Martisek, George — Corp., Co. A, 316. WA.
U. S. Army
567
Martone, Gelardo— Pvt., Co. A, 348th.
Martz, Ellsworth E. — Pvt., 11th Aero Squadron.
Martz, Henry — Corp., Battery A, 72 Field Artillery.
Injured at Camp Knox, Ky.
Mauron, William H. — Pvt., 346th Service Co.
Maruszewski, Stanley — Pvt., Co. A, 155th Depot Bri-
gade, 3d Battalion.
Marx, Francis J.— 1st Sgt., Co. A, S. A. T. C.
Marx, Wm. F.— Pvt., Troop M, Ft. Bliss Cavalry.
Marzello, Saverio— Pvt., Co K, 119th Infantry.
Mase, Calorino — Pvt. WA.
Maska, Edward — Pvt., 2d Regulars.
Maske. Bernard A.— Pvt., Hdqrs., 311th Inf. WA.
Maskulinski, Roman L. — Pvt., Co. F, 59th Pioneer Inf.
Mason, Alfred W.— Canadian, 2 C. H. A. WA.
Mason, George A. — 2d Co., Heavy Artillery.
Mason, Raymond J.— Sgt., S. A. T. C.
Mason, Scott B.— Lieut., U.S.Reg., 63d Field Artillery.
Masse, George — Wagoner, Co. D, 59th Am. Train.
Masset, Edward — Pvt., Battery A, 1st Field Artillery.
Masset, Peter J.— Pvt., Battery D, 61st Field Artillery.
Massing, Henry H. — Corp., Co. A, 36th.
Masterson, Paul E.— Corp., M. G., 307th Inf. WA.
Masterson, Stephen V. — Sgt., Co. I, 3d Battalion, In-
telligence Sec.
Mastkowski, Anthony.
Matachowski, Jacob — Pvt., Co. B.
Matela, Joseph— Pvt., 306th Inf., Machine Gun.
Math, John J.— Pvt., Hdqrs., 106th Machine Gun Bat'n
Math, Nicholas, C— Pvt., Hdqrs., 21st Engrs., 3d Batt.
Matheis, Charles J.— Pvt., Co. G, 21st Engrs., 3d Bat'n.
Mather, Joseph P.— Pvt., Co. D, 347th Infantry.
Mathers, Harry J. — Corp., Hdqrs., 12th Art. Brig.
Mathes, Joseph — Base Hospital Medical Detachment,
Camp Dix, N. J.
Mathews, Arthur Miles — 311th Motor Corps.
Mathey, William R. — Evacuation Hospital 5.
Mathias, Paul F.— Co. C, 38th Infantry.
Mathieson, David L.— Pvt., S. A. T. C. (U. of B.)
Matiacio, Joseph — Pvt. WA.
Matieszak, Waclaw— Pvt., Co. C, 120th Infantry.
Matthews, Albert R. — Corp., 647th Aero Squadron.
Matthews, Burrows — Capt., Headquarters, Infantry,
U. S. A., Camp Upton, L. I.
Matthews, Frank A.— Pvt., 308th Motor Group.
Matthews, Raymond J. — Pvt., Co. C, 87th Division,
336th Field Artillery.
Matthies, Albert— Rifle, Rifle Rumford, R. O.
Matthurs, Ray C— Pvt., 2d M. R. S.
Mattison, Barton V. — Lieut., Headquarters. M. T. C.
Mattulke, Harry— Sgt., Co. L, 101st. WA.
Mattulke, William— Sgt. WA.
Maturzak, Vincent— Pvt., Q. M. M. S. T. V.
Matuszczak, Steven — Pvt., Co. D, 312th Am. Train.
Matuszczak, Lawrence — Pvt., Co. I, 7th Infantry. WA.
Maturzewski, Louis L.— Pvt., Co. B, 6th A. A. M. G.
Matuszewski, Stiney C. — Pvt. WA.
Matuszewski, Walter — Pvt. WA.
Mau, Alvin H.— Co. F, 303d Engineers.
Maul, John C. — Lieut., Field Artillery.
Maunz, Hartman E.— Pvt., Co. E, 312th Eng.,87th Div.
Maurer, Claud— Co. E, 374th Infantry.
Maurer, Elmer C. — Rgt. Sgt. Major, 4th Division.
Maurer, Frank A. J. — Wagoner, Co. B, 302d Am. Train.
Maurer, Louis — Pvt., Co. C, 306th Infantry.
Maurer, Michael J. — Pvt., 3d Co., 153d Depot Brigade.
Maxon, Carl— Pvt., Co. L, 50th Infantry.
Maxon, Raymond T.— Pvt., Co. D, 109th Inf. WA.
May, Albert L.— Pvt., Co. E, 311th Infantry.
May, Charles P.— Pvt., Co. C, 348th Infantry.
May, Edward C. — Lieut., Fort Sam Houston.
May, John A. — Pvt., Co. A, 302d Engineers.
May, Maxwell — Co. A, 347th Depot Brigade.
Maychaszak, Joseph — Co. E, 308th Infantry.
Mayer, Albert L.— Corp., S. A. T. C.
Mayer, Carl O. — Pvt., Co. B, 54th Engineers.
Mayer, Edward — Pvt., Co. A, Chemical Warfare Ser.
Mayer, Karl H. — 1st Lieut., Ordnance Department.
Mayer, Leo M. — Army Medical Museum.
Mayer, Leonard — Pvt., 5th Co., 3d Regiment.
Mayer, Raymond H. — 114th, 19th Regt. Trans. Corps.
Mayer, Thomas L. — Pvt., Co. E, 23d Engineers.
Mayer, Walter E. — Corp., 41st Co., Camp Syracuse
11th Battery. Also served with 3d N. Y. F. A.
Mayer, William — Pvt., Provisional Exchange.
Mayes, Bert J.— Pvt., Co. A, 48th Battalion.
Maynard, Keith A. — Pvt., Co. D, 59th Pioneers.
Maynurd, John E.— Pvt., Co. B, 348th.
Max, James— Pvt., Battery C, 335th Field Artillery.
Max, Raymond — Field Remount Squadron.
Mazierkiewicz, John S. — Pvt., Co. H, 59th Pioneer Inf.
Mazur, Antoni — Pvt. WA.
Mazur, .Joseph J. — Chemical Warfare Service.
Mazur, Jan. — Pvt. WA.
Mazurkiewicz, Martin.
Mazurkiewicz, Walter J.— Pvt., 712th Co., Av. Ord.
Depot 1st.
Mazurowski, Frank J. — Mechanic, Co. H, 7th Infantry.
Mazurowski, Stanislaus— Sgt., Co. B, M. R. C.
Mazurowski, Wm. — Headq'rs., Signal Corps, F. A. R. R.
Mazzanti, Fred.— Pvt., Co. B, 346th.
McAlpine, Clair S. — Pvt., Genesee Hospital 30.
McAndrews, Michael— Corp., Co. F, 325th Inf. WA.
McAuliffe, Louis— Pvt., Co. A, 309th Infantry.
McAvinn, Frederick G. — Pvt.
McAvoy, .James L. — Pvt., 109th Machine Gun Batt'n.
McAvoy, Joseph P.— Sgt., 306th Tank Service.
McBride, Harry J.— Sgt., Co. E, 311th Infantry.
McBride, John J. — Corp. WA.
McCabe, C. J. — Pvt., Medical Research Laboratory.
McCabe, Earl— Corp., 1st Motor Supply Train.
McCabe, Harold R.— Pvt., S. A. T. C.
McCabe, Irving— Pvt., Co. B, 306th Machine Gun Bat-
talion. WA.
McCabe, James J. — Headquarters, Troop, 82d Div.
McCabe, Sylvester J.— Co. A, 162d Infantry.
McCaig, William J. — Pvt., Army Radio Sec, 1st Corps.
McCall, Carlton C. — 2d Lieut., Aviation.
McCall, Chester — Pvt., 345th Ambulance.
McCall, Joseph— Pvt., Co. E, 102d Engineers. WA.
McCallen, Leo. E.— Pvt., Co. A, 4th Batt.
McCann, James — Pvt., 327th Infantry.
568
Buffalo's Part in the World War
McCarthy, Chas. J.— Pvt., S. A. T. C.
McCarthy, Edward W.~Pvt., Co. A, 5th B'n., Sig. C.
McCarthy, — Sgt., 120th Aero Squadron.
McCarthy, Frank S. — Pvt., 6th Construction.
McCarthy, F. W.— 1st Sgt., Coast Artillery Corps.
McCarthy, George V. — Pvt., Ellington Aviation Field.
McCarthy, Gordon L.— Sgt., Co. E, 309th Infantry.
W and shell shocked.
McCarthy, John J.— Pvt., Co. A, 53d Reg., T. C.
McCarthy, John A.— Pvt., 5th Brigade, 6th M. G. B.
McCarthy, Arthur B.— Pvt., 730th Co., Motor Trans-
port Corps, Norfolk, Va.
McCarthy, Joseph F.— 1st Lieut., 303d Stevedore Rgt.
McCarthy, Leland F.— Sgt., Co. C, 309th Inf. WA.
McCarthy, Mathew J. — Pvt., 3d Army Service Co.
McCarthy, Raymond D. — Pvt., H'dq'ts, Bordeaux C'p.
McCarthy, Raymond J. — Pvt., H'dq'ts, Camp Johnston.
McCarthy, William J.— Sgt., Headquarters, 7th F. A.
McCarty, Frederick E. — 1st Lieut., Medical Depart-
ment, 128th Infantry, 32d Division. W twice.
McCarty, J. B.— G.
McClain, Charles B.— Pvt., Co. D, 305th M. G. B. WA.
McClellan, Frederick C— Troop A, Ft. Bliss, ElPaso,
Texas.
McClellan, Fred— Cook, Cooks' School.
McClellan, Hugh— Pvt., Co. E, 302d Engineers. G.
McClellan, Samuel G.— 2d Lieut., Co. M, 329th Inf.
McCole, John A. — Pvt. Reported missing in action.
Reported present for duty.
McConnell, George A. — Aerial Gunner, 21st Aero
Squadron. WA.
McConnell, John J.— Mess Sgt., Co. A, 37th F. A.
McConnell, Joseph D. — Corp., Motor Transport Corps.
McConnell, Leon A.— Corp., Co. E, 309th Inf. GA.
McConnell, Leouis R. — Pvt., Casual Cantonment, Van-
couver, Barracks.
McConville, Arthur — Pvt., Troop L, 17th Cavalry,
Douglas, Ariz.
McConville, Hugh— Pvt., Co. D, 1st B'n., C'p Gordon.
McCormick, Francis W. — Pvt., Students' Aimy Train-
ing Corps, (Canisius).
McCormick, Herbert J. — Sgt., Students' Army Train-
ing Corps. (Canisius I.
McCormick, John D.— Pvt., 10th Hdqrs., F. A. R. D.
McCormick, John J.— Pvt., Co. I, 306th Infantry.
McCracken, Roswell — Pvt., Aero Construction 15th.
McCrady, Alex A. — Chicago Unit, Italy, Bogolona.
McCreeden,Levit— Camp Tracy, Camp Dix, N. J. WG.
McCue, William A.— Pvt., Co. D, 153d Depot Brigade.
McCullough, Erwin — 349th Infantry.
McCumber, Norman — 311th Infantry. WA.
McDade. Frank E.— Pvt., S. A. T. C. (Canisius).
McDaniel, Charles W.— 1st Sgt., Co. C, 210th F. S. Bn.
McDaniel, James F.— Corp., Co. B, S. A. T. C.
MacDonald, Earle— Pvt., Hdqrs. Co., 36th Rgt., C.A.C.
McDonald, Bernard— Pvt. WA.
McDonald, Dillon E.— Pvt., Co. G, 307th Infantry.
McDonald, Edward F.— 2d Lieut., Co. F, 59th Inf.
McDonald, George G.— Corp., Co. E, 311th U. S. Inf.
Decorated for bravery, Dis. Service Cross.
McDonald, Harold J. — 1st Lieut., Evac. Hospital 14.
McDonald, John A.— Pvt., Co. D, 312th Amm. Train.
McDonald, Peter— Pvt., 346th Inf. (Infirmary.)
McDonough, .John J.— Pvt. WA September 6, 1918.
McDougal, Clyde C— Corp., Co. B, 304th M G. B'n.
McDougal, Leslie P. — 6th Observation Battery.
McDougal, Thorton H.— Capt., 41st Co., 1.52d Depot B
McDougal. Walter Lamb — 2d Lieut., Co. 5th, 2d B'n.
McEachren, .John — Pvt., Co. F, 51st Pioneers.
McEUigott, Thos. P.— Sgt., Co. B, 102d Engineers.
McElroy, Theodore J.— Sgt., Co. F, 307th Engineers.
McFayden, Daniel A.— Pvt., Co. A, 54th Engrs, R.T.C.
McGee, Francis B.— Pvt., S. A. T. C.
McGillicuddy, Patrick F.— Pvt., Detachment 1st Ord.
Repair Shop.
McGill, Joseph P.— Sgt. WA.
McEntyre, Lawrence B. — Sgt. WA.
McGinness, James B.— Pvt., Co. M, 347th Infantry.
McGinnie, Henry R. — Pvt., Medical, 346th Infantry.
McGirr, Frank— Pvt., 19th Co., 153d Depot Brigade.
McGirr, John E.— Corp., Co. E, 311th Infantry.
McGowan, Frank J.— Sgt., S. A. T. C.
McGowan, Roger H.— Pvt., 20th Co., 152d Depot Brig.
McGrath, Edward C— Pvt., Co. H, 59th Pioneer Inf.
McGrath, Edward — Pvt., Canadian Army. WA January
29, 1918.
McGrath, Edward G. — Pvt., Offlce Inspection, General
Base Section 5.
McGrath, John J.— Corp., Co. G, 311th Infantry.
McGraw, Herbert A.— Pvt., Co. D, 51st Pioneer Inf.
McGregor, Ernest — Wagoner, Supply Co., 36th F. A.
McGuire, Harry S.— Pvt., WA.
McGuire, Nelson A. — Sgt., 820th Aero Squadron.
McGuire, Sobas F.— Ist-class Pvt., Co. K, 308th Inf.
WA October 5, 1918.
McHenry, Walter J.— Pvt., Co. E, 310th Infantry. W
October, 1918.
McHenry, William P.— Pvt., Co. G, 347th Infantry.
McHuron, Ernest L.— Pvt., Co. D, 317th M. G. Bat'n.
Mclndoo, Erwin C. — Pvt., Co. D, 302d Engineers.
cited for valor.
Mcintosh, Thomas G.— Pvt., Co. H, 311th Infantry.
WG November 10, 1918.
McKaig, Kaymond— Pvt., Co. E, Yale O. T. C.
McKay, Alvin R.— Pvt., Co. A, 147th M. G. Bat'n.
McKay, Clifford G.— Pvt., Co. M, 347th Infantry.
McKay, Frank R.— 1st Lieut., Troop H, 12th Cavalry.
McKay, Robert J.— Lieut., WA.
McKee, Chas. H. — Lieut., Dental Infirmary 1.
McKee, Thos. H, Major, Medical Corps.
McKellips, Harry R.— Pvt., Co. B, 69th Engineers.
McKendry, Maurice — Sgt., Co. C, 302d Engineers.
WB August 27, 1918.
McKenzie, Ed. J. — Corp., 227th Aero Squadron.
McKeon, Joseph Moore — 1st Lieut., Co. E, 33d Eng.
McKeon, Richard Moore — 2d Lieut., Co. R, In-
fantry. Students' Army Training Corps.
McKibbin, Frank J.— Pvt., Co. K, 307th Infantry.
McKinley, Arthur J. — Pvt., WA.
McKnight, George- Pvt., Co. D, 311th Infantry. WA
September 26, 1918.
McKnight, Pierce H.— Pvt., 20th Co., 152d Depot Brig.
U. S. Army
569
McKule, Anthony A. — Pvt., Prisoner.
McKule, Anthony A. — Pvt., WA.
McKurth, Elmer E.— Pvt., Co. A, 102d Engineers.
McKurth, Norman — Pvt., WA.
McLean, Anthony B.— Sgt., S. A. T. C.
McLean, Arthur L.— Sgt., Co. E, 309th Infantry. WA
October 15, 1918.
McLean, George F. — Pvt., Co. B, 302d Engineers. WA
July 7, 1918 and October 18, 1918.
McLean, William J.— Pvt., Co. M, 348th Infantry.
McLeary, James— Pvt., Co. K, 307th Infantry. WA
September 9, 1918.
McLennon, Wilfred G. — Observer, Aviation.
McLeod, Donald — Pvt., 139th Ordnance Depot.
McLeod, Donald— Pvt., S. S. U. 630.
McLaughlin, John— Pvt., Battery B, 311th F. A. ^
McLaughlin, Peter P.— Pvt., Co. B, 112th Barracks.
McLaughlin, Patrick — Pvt., Co. A, 59th Infantry.
McLaughlin, Patrick A.— Pvt., 3d Co., Nia. 0. T. C.
McLaughlin, Peter — Pvt., Aberdeen Proving Grounds.
McMahon, Albert F.— Pvt., 26th Co., Recruiting Ser.
McMahon, George — Sgt., 65th, Camp Dix.
McMahon, .James J.— Pvt., Co. F, 303d Amm. Train.
McMahon, Patrick — Cavalry Base Troopei.
McMahon, Thos E. — Corp., 110th Ordnance Depot.
McMahon, WiUiam C— Ist-elass Pvt., 311th Infantry.
McMahon, William C. — Capt., Aero 3d Army.
McMahon, William S.— Sgt., Co. A, 309th Infantry.
McManus. Ernest J. — Pvt., Headquarters, 1st Prov.
McMichael, Clarence R.— Capt., Co. E, 126th U. S.
32d Division.
McMullen, Fred J. — Corp., Replacement Camp, Camp
Wheeler, Ga.
McMullen, Vincent— Pvt., S. A. T. C.
McMurray, Howard E. — Pvt., WA.
McMurray, Nelson J. — Ist-class Pvt., A-102, M. P.
27th Division.
McNally, William D.— Pvt.
McNamara, Albin E.— Pvt., Co. G, 330th Infantry.
McNamara, Emmet J. — 2d Lieut., Sanitary Corps.
McNamara, Sherman E. — 2d Lieut., Air Service.
McNamara, Wm. J. — Pvt., Motor Transport Corps.
McNaughton, Adam— Pvt., Battery B, 82d F. A.
McNaughton, William H.— Pvt., 628th Ambulance Sec.
McNerney, Edmund J.— Sgt., 37th Co., 153d Depot Brig.
McNitt, William L.— Corp., Co. H, 161st Infantry.
McNulty, Charles F.— Pvt., 2d Battery, 153d Depot
Brigade.
McPartland, William R.— Corp., 16th Co., 153d Depot
Brigade.
McPartlin, Michael— Pvt., WA.
McQuade, Thos. J.— Sgt., Co. B, 303d Engineers.
McQuillin, Elmer E.— Pvt., 91st Aero Squadron.
McRae, George — Pvt., Co. B, 57th Engineers.
McRonald, John H.— Pvt., Co. D, 303d Engineers.
McShane, Terente A.— Corp., Co. B, 302d Engineers.
McVeen, Howard C. — Pvt., 76th Division.
McWethy, Raymond E.— Sgt., Co. C, 110th Infantry.
WA July 28, 1918.
McWilliams, Stewart— Corp., Co. A, 303d Amm. Train.
Maed, Gaylord P.— Pvt., Co. C, S. A. T. C.
Mead, Nias — Cook, Supply Co., 349th Field Artillery.
Mead, T. E.— 149th Field Artillery.
Meadows, George J. — Pvt., Co. M, 306th Infantry.
Meahl, Roswell P.— Corp., Base Hospital 23.
Measer, Albert — Corp., 302d Engineers.
Mecca, Andrew — Pvt., Co. L, 347th Infantry.
Mecca, Anthony— Pvt., Co. G, 307th Infantry.
Mecca, Daniel— Pvt., Co. G, 307th Infantry.
Mecca, George R. — Pvt., Headq'rs, Camp Upton, N. Y.
Mecca, Joseph J.— Pvt., 20th Co., Camp Upton, N. Y.
Mecca, Salvator — Pvt. WA.
Mechau, George J.— Corp., Co. B, 303d Engineers. WG
October, 1918.
Mechlinski, Walter— Ist-class Pvt., Co. C, 309th In-
fantry. WG October 18, 1918.
Meegan, Timothy J.— Ist-class Pvt., Co. F, 346th Inf.
Megier, Frank L. — Pvt., 7th Co., 157th Depot Brigade.
Meginnis, David — Pvt., Co. D, 307th Infantry.
Megson, John H.— Pvt., M. G. Co., 348th Infantry.
Mehigan, Roy V.— Pvt., Co. B, 5 Dev. Battalion.
Mehltretteer, Alfred F. — Corp., 17th Co., 5th Training
Battery, 157th Depot Brigade.
Mehok, Andrew — Pvt., 20th Battery.
Mehok, Andrew — Pvt., 20th Battery.
Meidel, George N.— Pvt., U. S. Coast Guard.
Meinke, Albert C. — Pvt., Headq'rs, 302d Engineers.
Meinke, Edward W.— Bugler, Co. H, 348th Infantry.
Meinke, Frank — Pvt., Ordnance Repair Shop.
Meiser, John A. — Pvt., Co. L, 347th Infantry.
Meissner, Robert E. — Pvt., Aux. Remount Depot.
Meldrum, Alan H. — Electrician, Newport Radio Class.
Mehn, Peter, Jr. — Corp., 6th Army.
Meloch, Wladyslaw — Sgt. WA.
Melonie, Arthur D. — Pvt., Co. B, 1st Pioneer Infantry.
Melson, 0. Howard — Pvt., 145th Squadron, A. S.
Melson, Ohver C. — 1st Lieut., B. H. 26, Medical Corps.
Melvin, John R.— Sgt. WA.
Memiac, John — Pvt. WA.
Mendelsohn, Abraham — Pvt., 505th Regiment A. S.
Mendlein, F. A. — Capt., Base Hospital, Camp Devens.
Mendola, Louis— Pvt., Co. M, 166th Infantry. WA
October 12, 1918.
Mennig, Harold B.— Pvt., 44th San. Squad., 27th Div.
Mensch, Edward — Pvt., Headquarters, Machine Gun.
Mensch, Joseph— Pvt., 30th Co., 8th Battalion, 102d
Depot Brigade.
Menz, Arthur J. — Pvt., 3d Supply.
Menz, George — Pvt., Co. C, 303d Ammunition Train.
Menza, Antonio — Pvt., 348th Infantry.
Mera, Thomas— Pvt. WA.
Mercer, Martin — Pvt.. Students' Army Training Corps.
Mercer, John T.— Pvt., S. A. T. C.
Merckling, Frank J.— Pvt., Batt. D, 7th Regiment.
Mercer, Nelson— Pvt., S. A. T. C.
Meredith, G. C— Pvt., 61st Machine Gun Co.
Mergi, Henry J. — Sgt., 209th Aero Squadron.
Mergi, Wm. H.— Pvt., Co. G, 147th Infantry. WA
September 30, 1918.
Mergler, Bernard— Pvt., Co. I, 345th Infantry.
Mergler, John — Pvt., Quartermaster 303d Wagon.
Mergler, Michael N. — Pvt., Ordnance Detachment.
570
Buffalo's Part in the World War
Mergler, Nicholas — Pvt., 3d Coast Artillery.
Merkel, John A.— Pvt., Co. B, 335th Machine Gun Co.
Merkl, Joseph — Pvt.
Merriman, Henry S. — 1st Lieut., Machine Gun Co.,
145th Infantry. WA November 2, 1918.
Merriman, Kenneth L. — Corp., 7th Co., 157th Depot B.
Merry, Alfred T.— Pvt., Co. K, 345th Infantry.
Mersdorf, Edw.— Corp., Co. L, 306th Infantry.
Merson, Edwin L. — Pvt., Co. L, 147th Engineers.
Mertens, George H. — Pvt., Co. K, 345th Infantry.
Mertes, Louis J. — Sgt., Headquarters, 344th Battalion,
Tank Corps. WA November 1918.
Mertz, Arthur W. — Corp., 301st Repair Unit.
Mertz, Edwin A. — Pvt., Base Hospital.
Mertz, George J.— Pvt., Troop E, 6th Cavalry.
Merz, Carl — Corp., 301st Infantry.
Merz, William— Pvt., Headquarters, 311th Inf., S. C.
Meske, Fred— Pvt., Co. T, 14Sth Infantry. WA.
Meske, Gustam A. — Pvt. WA.
Meske, Gust A.— Pvt., 27th Co., 153d Depot Brigade.
Mesker, Louis X.— Pvt., Battery F, 27th F. A.
Mesler, Albert E.— Pvt., Co. I, 7th Infantry. WA
March and August, 1918.
Mesner, Earl J.— Corp., Co. C, S. A. T. C.
Messina, Joseph — Pvt. WA.
Messina, Sam— Pvt., Co. K, 347th Infantry.
Metcalf. Arthur A.— Corp., 332d Field Remount Squad.
Metcalfe, Cecil R.— Pvt., Co. B, 331st B'n., Tank C'ps.
Metke, Henry M.— Pvt., Battery E. Field Artillery,
Camp McClellan.
Metke, Robert A. — Ist-class Pvt., 10th Engrs., Forestry
Mettauer, Emil C. — Ist-class Sgt., 496th Aero Squad.
Mettille, Alfred F. — Postal Service.
Metz, Emil P.- Pvt., Co. F, 303d Engineers.
Metz, George — Pvt.
Metz, John — Pvt., Headquarters, 153d Depot Brigade.
Metz. Harmon E.— Muse. Sgt., 309th Regiment Band,
Assistant Leader.
Metzger, Frank A.— Pvt.. Co. G, 133d Infantry.
Metzen, John A. — 1st Lieut., Base Hospital, Camp Dix.
Metzger, Andrew F. — Ist-class Pvt., Co. M, 311th Inf.
Metzger, Park L. — 1st Lieut., Camp Wadsworth, S. C.
Metzger, Richard J.— 1st Lieut., Battery B, 302d F. A.
Metzger, Wilbur P.— Pvt., Co. C, 348th Infantry.
Metzinger, Clarence J. — Pvt., Co. C, 6th Engineers.
WG July 7, 1918.
Metzler, Carl— Pvt., Co. B, 146th Machine Gun B'n.
Metzler, Charles — Pvt., Med. Det., Camp Hospital 52.
Metzler, Jos. A., Jr. — Pvt., 2d Batt., Camp Jackson.
Metzler, Robert — Pvt., Co. B, 502d Engineers.
Mex, Benjamin F. — Chauffeur, 341st Motor Trans.
Corps.
Mex, Fred W.— Pvt., Co. H, 346th Infantry.
Meyer, Alexander C— Bugler, S. A. T. C.
Meyer, Alfonz H.— Pvt., Co. M, 361st Infantry.
Meyer, Anthony, Jr. — Pvt., Quartermaster Corps.
Meyers, Cornelius— Pvt., 10th Co., 152d Depot Brig.
Meyer, Edward J. — Sgt., Headquarters, Motor Tr. C'ps
Meyer, Elmer H.— Pvt., Co. M, 346th Infantry.
Meyer, Fred W.— Pvt., Co. F, 326th Infantry. WA
October 11, 1918.
Meyer, Frederick W. — Pvt. WA.
Meyer, Joseph R.— Pvt., Co. A, S. A. T. C.
Meyer, Schanker— Pvt., Co. B, 305th Infantr>-.
Meyers, Morris— Pvt., Co. C, 148th Infantry. WA
September 30, 1918.
Meyers, Frank G.— Pvt., Co. B, 346th Infantry.
Meyers, Henry G. — Pvt., 1st Co., Coast Artillery Corps
Meyers, Leo J. — 2d Lieut., Motor Transport Corps.
Meyers, Max — Pvt., 38th Jewish Battalion.
Micanzi, Francisco — Pvt. WA.
Michaels, George H.— Pvt., Co. F, 106th Supply Train.
Michaels, Walter A.— Pvt., 10th Co., 1st Rgt., M. T. C.
Michalek. Frank — Pvt., Quartermaster Corps.
Michel, Frank C— Pvt., Headquarters, 319th F. A.
Michel, Jerome — WA.
Michael, Achilles E. — Pvt., 12th November Replace.
Michelowski, Edward W.— Pvt. WA August 17, 1918.
Michel, Albert— Pvt., Co. D.
Michalski, Alex. — Pvt.
Michalski, Johnm — Pvt., Co. K, 51st Pioneer Infantry.
Michalski, Stanley— Pvt., Battery C, 329th F. A.
Miela, John— P\-t., Co. L, 346th Infantry.
Mientus, Stanley — Pvt., Co. D, 502d Engineers. WG.
Mientus, Walter— Prt., Machine Gun Co., 346th Inf.
Migo, John — 345th Infantry.
Mieth, Richard D.— Pvt., Co. D, 311th Infantry.
Migliacco, Michael — Pvt., 303d Engineers.
Miklinski, John P.— Pvt., Co. F, 306th Infantry.
Mikolojezak, Frank J.— Pvt., Co. B, 1st Battalion.
Mikolojezak, John A. — Ist-class Pvt. ,165th Aero Squad.
Mikolojezak, Leon L. — Ist-class Pvt., Co. B, Base Hosp.
Mikolojezak, Peter— Pvt., Battery F, 34th F. A.
Mikos, Jos. W.— Pvt., Co. M, 346th Machine Gun B'n.
Mikos, Walter— Pvt., Co. C, 309th Infantry.
Mikulec, Josef— Pvt., 41st Co., 11th Battery.
Mikulewicz, Jos. W. — Pvt., Headquarters, 7th Inf.
Mikulewicz, Kammiernm — Pvt., 7th Co., Infantry.
Michaelis, Howard W.— Pvt., Co. C, S. A. T. C.
Michalowski, Edw. W.— Pvt., Co. E, 306th Infantry.
WA Gassed September 3, 1918.
Michael, Geo. L. — Pvt., 26th Spruce Squadron.
Mikulec, Jursef— Pvt., 41st Co., 11th Battalion.
Mikulski, John F.— Pvt., Co. D, 302d Engineers.
Milbrandt, John C— Pvt., 2d Co., 102d Motor Supply
Train. WA .July, 1918.
Milbrod, Andrew — Pvt., Aberdeen Proving Grounds.
Milbrod, Edward— Pvt., Co. B, 327th B'n., Tank C'ps.
Miles, William E.— Pvt., 11th Coast ArtillerJ^
Milford, Robert M.— 1st Lieut., 70th Field Artillery-.
Militello, Serofino— Pvt., Co. R, 4th Battalion.
Millar, William — Pvt., Co. K, 51st Pioneer Infantry.
Miller, Albert W. — 1st Sgt., Chemical Warfare Service.
Miller, Albert P. — 1st Sgt., Air Service.
Miller, Arthur — Pvt., Co. B, o7th Engineers.
Miller, Arthur P.— Corp., Co. A, 302d Amm. Train.
Miller, Benj. H.— Pvt., 67th Co., 155th Depot Brigade.
Miller, Carroll A. — Corp., 650th Aero Squadron.
Miller, Charles F. — Co. F, Aberdeen Proving Grounds.
Miller, Charles J.— Sgt., Headquarters, 57th C. A. C.
Miller, Charles H.— Pvt., 148th Field Art., Ord. Corps.
Miller, Charles J. — Pvt., Mobile Operating Unit 1st.
U. S. Army
571
Miller, Christopher J.— Pvt., Co. A, 109th M. G. B'n.
Miller, Charles N.— Pvt. W.
Miller, Cornelius F.— Sgt., Co. C, U. S. Guard.
Miller, Edw. J.— Pvt., Base Hospital 83.
Miller, Edw. W.— Pvt., 2d M. G. T. C.
Miller, Fred L. — Pvt., Headquarters, 147th Infantry.
Miller, George — 137th Ordnance Field Depot.
Miller, George— Sgt., 8th Supply Co.
Miller, George— Pvt., Co. F, 118th Engineers.
Miller, George W. — Radio Operator, Radio School,
Cambridge, Mass.
Miller, Gerhard F.— Sgt., 6th Co., 216th F. Sign. Bat'n.
Miller, Guy C— Pvt., Headquarters, 30th C. A. C.
Miller, Harold J. — Pvt., Field Ambulance Sec.
Miller, Harry G.— Pvt., 2d., M. G. T. C.
Miller, Henry— Pvt., 3d Battalion F. A. R. R.
Miller, Herbert P. — Master Engineer, 489th Engineers.
Miller, Howard C. — 315th Remount Depot.
Miller, Irving H. — Sgt., Quartermasters Corps.
Miller, Jacob C— Sgt., 302d Eng. WG August, 1918.
Miller, John F. — Capt., Zone Officer.
Miller, John J.— Pvt., Co. F, 307th Infantry.
Miller, John M. — Pvt., Air Service Radio Detachment.
Miller, John C. — Mach. 9th, Depot Brigade.
Miller, John— Pvt., WA.
Miller, John V. — Pvt., Students' Army Training Corps.
Miller, John W.— Corp., Co. H, 7th Infantry. WA
September 30, 1918.
Miller, Joseph — Lieut., WA.
Miller, Joseph— Pvt., Co. F, 307th Infantry. WG Sep-
tember 6, 1918.
Miller, Leander F.— Pvt., 5th Co., 0. P. S. D.
Miller, Lawrence M.— Pvt., Co. E, 38th Infantry.
Taken Prisoner.
Miller, Michael J.— Corp., Co. B, 311th Infantry.
Miller, Paul E.— Sgt., 489th Engineers.
Miller, Peter P.— Capt., 28th Infantry.
Miller, Robert — Pvt., Headquarters, C. A. C.
Miller, Robert E.— Corp. S. A. T. C.
Miller, Samuel S.— Pvt., 316th Supply Co.
Miller, S. G.— Pvt., 8th Co., N. R. Station.
Miller, Stephen— Pvt., 403d Bat'n Machine Shop.
Miller, Stephen C. F.— Pvt., Co. A, 306th Infantry.
WA October 14, 1918.
Miller, Thomas H.— Pvt., 103d A. S.
Miller, Warren B.— Sgt., 1st Motor Mechanics.
Miller, William— Pvt., 309th Inf. WA October 15, 1918.
Miller, William F. -Ist-class Pvt., Hdqrs., 147th Inf.
Miller, Wilbert J. — Wagoner, Co. C, 102d Amm. Train.
Miller, William I.— Pvt., 8th Co., Evac. Ambulance.
Miller. William— Pvt., WA
Miller, William R.— Ward Master, Base Hospital 83.
Milhken, Carl E.— Pvt., Battery B, 122d F. A.
Milliken, Charles E.— Pvt., Co. G, 311th Infantry.
WG October 1, 1918.
Milliken, Charles E.— Pvt., WA.
Millitello, Serafino— Pvt., Co. C, 348th Infantry.
Millring, Fred G. — Pvt., Headquarters, 147th Infantry.
WA January 29, 1918.
Mills, Geo. F.— Capt., Medical Corps.
Milmore, Frank — Pvt., 11th Coast Artillery Corps.
Milsafe, Harry V.— Pvt., Co. B, 212th T. S. Battalion.
Minkel, Amos J.- -Lieut., Base Hospital 98. Sailed for
France November 10, 1918.
Minacore, Salvatore — Pvt., 71st Infantry.
Minkel, Geo. F. — Pvt., Medical Corps.
Minsmack, Edward F.— Ist-class Sgt., S. A. T. C.
Mingen, Arthur J.— Pvt., Co. E, 309th Infantry.
Minnick, Elmer C. — Ist-class Pvt., Flying School Det.
Minniss, George S. — Major, 422d Labor Battalion.
Minott, James— Pvt., Battery B, 27th Field Artillery.
Mintus, Stanley — Pvt., 502d Engineer Service, Battery
D. WG April, 1918.
Mintus, Thomas— Pvt., 140th Guard Co.
Mintus, Walter— Pvt., M. G. Co., 346th Infantry.
Mintz, Lewis U.— Pvt., 13th Co., 153d Depot Brigade.
Minzynski, Victor L. — Pvt., WA.
Miodueki, Felix E. — Corp., Ordnance Dept., 3d F. A.
Mischler, Norbert— Pvt., S. A. T. C.
Miscichowski, Joseph — Pvt., M. R. S.
Mishoe, William D.— Pvt., Truck 2, 12th Amm. Train.
Misiak, Joseph— Pvt., Co. B, 328th Infantry.
Miskie, Stephen— Pvt., Co. A, 19th Infantry.
Misrikowski, .Jerome J. — Pvt., 47th Co., 5th. WA
July, 1918.
Missert, Albert — Pvt., Students' Army Training Corps.
Missert, Aloysius J. — Sgt. Co. E, 311th Infantry.
Mistretta, Victor R.— Pvt., Battery F, 335th F. A.
Miszkelis, Joseph— Pvt., 49th Co., 5th. WA.
Mitchell, Clarence H. — Pvt., Army Medical School,
Washington, D. C.
Mitchell, Herbert— Pvt., Co. B, 322d M. G. Battalion.
Mitchell, Hugh L.— Pvt., 102d N. Y. Engineers.
Mitchell, Raymond W. — Capt., Co. B, 37th Engineers.
Mitchell, Wm.— Pvt., WA.
Mitschow, Theo. M.— Pvt., Tank Corps.
Mittelberger, Edward — Pvt., Co. C, 128th Engineers.
Mitten, A. E.
Mittler, Frank X. — Unit 455 Motor Transport Corps.
Mix, Raymond T.— Pvt., 125th Battalion, C. E. F.
Mi.xer, Knowlton, Jr.— S. A. T. C. ( Williams.)
Mock, Alfred R.— 1st Lieut., 320th Air Service.
Moch, Frank— Pvt., 102d Amm. Train, Ord. Detach.
Mock, John— Pvt., Co. B, 335th Machine Gun Bat.
Mock, Raymond J.— Pvt., Co. C, 102d Amm. Train.
Mock, Stanley— Pvt., Evac. Hospital 79.
Mockers, Albert — Ist-class Pvt., 626th Aero Squadron.
Mockler, John T. — 1st Lieut., Co. B, 514th Engineers
Moderto, Gindi — Pvt., Camp Dix.
Moeller, Max F.— Pvt., WA.
Moeller, William A.— Pvt., Co. K, 7th Infantry. WA
October 6, 1918.
Moeller.William M.— Pvt.,Co.C, 332d Bat.Tank Corps.
Moershfelder, Herbert L.— Sgt., S. A. T. C.
Moesel, Edward— Pvt., Co. D, 308th M. G. Bat'n.
Moessinger, Wm. E.— 1st Lieut., Co. E, 309th F. A.
Mogavero, Nicholas — Pvt., Co. C, Base Hospital.
Mogge, Norton W.— 1st Lieut., Co. B, 10th Battalion
Replacement Training Center, Camp Lee, Va.
Mohr, Charles F.— Pvt., WA September 25, 1918.
Mohr, William— Pvt., Co. H. 345th Infantry.
Molea, Andrew — Pvt., Co. A, 59th Pioneer Infantry.
572
Buffalo's Part in the World War
Mohn, John E.— Sgt.. M. G. Co., 309th Infantry.
MoHk, Joseph— Pvt., WA.
Moll, Francis H.— 2d Lieut., Tr'g School for Officers.
Mollnow, Lawrence — Pvt., Co. C, 302d Engineers.
Molyneaux. Andrew — Pvt., Co. C, 348th Infantry.
Momberger, Ernst A. — Pvt., Co. G, 21st Engineers.
Mombrea, John C— Co. E, 342d Infantry.
Mombrea, Jos. A. — Co. D, 1st Pioneer Infantry.
Monaco, Carmen — Co. K, 3d Prov. 156th Depot Brig.
Moncrieff, Ernest V. — Capt., 102d Amm. Train.
Moncrieff, Howard P.— Lieut., A. S. E. R. C.
Monczynski, Victor L. — Sgt., WA.
Mongolia, Anthony — Pvt.,
Monk, LeRoy— Ist-class Pvt., Co. C, 27th Infantry.
Montagna, Decimo — Musician, 55th Pioneers.
Montileone, Francesco — Pvt., 153d Depot Brigade.
Montgomery, Nelson T.— Corp., Co. B, 106th Supply
Train.
Movath, William F.— Sgt., Co. B, 55th Pioneer Infantry
Mooney, Charles A.— Sgt., 8th Supply Co.
Mooney, Charles F.— Corp., Co. K, 310th Infantry,
WA October, 1918
Mooney, Charles P.— Ist-class Pvt., Co. E, 418th Tel.
Battalion.
Mooney, Harry W. — Pvt., Hdqrs., 212th Engineers.
Mooney, Herbert A. — Pvt., 149th Field Artillery.
Mooney, Raymond A. — 2d Lieut., 45th Field Artillery.
Moore, Arnott A. — 1st Lieut., Base Hospital 138.
Moore, George A.— Pvt., Battery C, 2d F. A.
Moore, George H. — Pvt., Troop L, 1st Cavalry.
Moore, George H. — Pvt., Co. H, 1st Cavalry.
Moore, Ivan T.— Pvt., Co. D, 74th N. Y. G.
Moore, James D. — Pvt., 16 Columbus. WA October
28, 1918, France.
Moore, W. Chester— U. S. Radio Station.
Moore, James C— Corp., S. A. T. C.
Morabito, Santi — Pvt., Students' Army Training Corps.
Moran, John J.— C. O. T. S.
Moritz, Albert E.— Pvt., Co. M, 3d, 311th Infantry. W.
Morlock, Peter C— Pvt.
Moroge, Charles— Corp., Co. C, 106th Supply Train.
Moroge, Edward— Pvt.,Co. A, 306th Inf. G and Burned.
Moroge, Jean B. — Pvt., Casual Recruit.
Moran, Daniel F. — Supply, 320th Quartermaster Corps.
Moran, Michael E.— Corp., Co. C, 70th Engineers.
Moran, Ross J. — Corp., Machine Gun Co., 307th Inf.
Morano, Ralph F.— Pvt., 153d Depot, 65th.
Moranskie, Leo J.— Pvt., 8th Co., 157th Depot Brigade.
Morath, John— Pvt., Co. C, 12th Battalion.
Morath, William F.— Supply Sgt., Co. B, 55th Pioneers.
More, Edw. A. — 1st Lieut., Quartermaster Department.
More, Morgan B. — Capt., Air Service Supply Sec, Paris
More, William A.— Capt., School of Fire, Fort Sill.
Morelock, John L. — Headquarters, 303d Amm. Train.
Morgan, Chas.— Pvt., Co. A, 309th Infantry.
Morgan, Justin C— Pvt., Co. B, S. A. T.C. ( Colgate U.)
Morgan, Wm. J.— 1st Sgt., 309th Infantry.
Morgan, Ed. R.— Corp. WA.
Morgester, Maurice C. — Co. D, 74th.
Moriarity, Bart J.— Pvt., Co. D, 307th Inf. Prisoner.
Moriarity John F.— Ist-class Pvt.,Mach. Gun, 307th Inf.
Morady, Wilson J.— Pvt., Battery F, 330th F. A.
Morgam, Godfrey, Jr.— Sgt., Co. A, S. A. T. C.
Morgana, David T.— Pvt., 1st Co.,M. T. C, 307th Unit.
Moritz, Albert E.— Pvt., Co. M, 311th Infantry.
Morlinski, Leon — Pvt., Co. L, 17th Infantry.
Morlock, Charles W. — Sgt., Ordnance.
Morlock, John L. — Pvt., Headquarters, 303d Am. Tr.
Moriock, Peter C— Pvt., Co. B, 308th Machine Gun.
G. September.
Mormino, Leo — Pvt., Co. A, 54th Engineers.
Moroge, Edward — Pvt. W.
Morris, Douglas G. — Pvt., Co. B, 307th Amm. Train.
Morris, Joseph — Pvt., Hdqrs., 1st Co., Ord. Rep. Shop.
Morris, Louis — Sgt., Headquarters, 0. M. R. L.
Morris, Roland A. — Sgt., Co. E, 303d Engineers.
Morrison, Abe A. — Ist-class Pvt., Quartermaster Corps.
Morrison, Donald R.— Sgt., 408th Motor Trans. Co.
Morrison, Harry L. — Pvt., Co. H, 2d Depot Battalion.
Morrison, John C. — Sgt., Headquarters, 309th Inf.
Morrissey, Edward P. — Sgt., Co. C, 302d Engineers.
Distinguished Service Cross for heroism near Bazriches.
Morse, Leo— Sgt., Co. A, 49th U. S. Infantry.
Mortek, John — Pvt., 226th Aero Squadron, Aviation.
Morton, Raymond A. — Pvt., Hdqrs Troop, 87th Div.
Mosgrober, George — Pvt., Co. H, 325th Infantry. WA
October 11, 1918.
Moshow, A. F.— Pvt., Co. G, 325th Infantry. WA.
Mosier, Charles J.— 5th Co., R. R. & C.
Moskal, John P. — Co. I, 59th Pioneer Infantry.
Mospaw, Herbert A. — Pvt., Co. F, 106th Supply Train.
Mossmoud, Louis — Pvt., Hdqrs., U. S. Tank Corps,
344th Battery.
Mostkowski, Joseph — Pvt.
Mostyn, Martin — Pvt., Co. K, 307th Infantry.
Mould, Harry W.— Sgt., Co. G, 21st Engineers.
Moerns, Hallam L.— Capt., 349th Regt., Field Art.
Moyer, Deloss C— Pvt., Co. B, 347th.
Moyer, Harry — Pvt., 47th Field Artillery Band.
Moylan, William D. — Lieut. W.
Moynihan, Arthur V. — Pvt., Hdqrs., 69th Engineers.
Moynihan, Daniel P.— Corp., S. A. T. C.
Mronczynski, Casimir J. — Co. A, 42d Infantry.
Mrozek, Anthony— Pvt., Co. L. 306th. WA October
14, 1918.
Mulroney, Fred L. — Pvt. W.
Mucha, Ignacy — Pvt. W.
Muckler, Daniel M. — Electrician Radio.
Muckler, Horace D. — 11th Co., Infantry.
Muckler, John B. — 2d Co., Canadian Artillery. WA
September 5, 1918.
Mueller, Peter — Corp., 17th Ordnance Guard Co.
Mueller, William L.— Pvt. W.
Mueller, William F.— Battery F, 335th Field Artillery.
Mueller, William L. — Ist-class Pvt., Headquarters,
Detach., 155th Inf. Brig., 78th Div. WA Oct. 6, 1918
Mueller, William F.— Battery F, 335th Field Artillery.
Muench, Edward — Utilities Division.
Mueller, Bernhardt — Sgt., Utility Quartermaster Corps
Mueller, Joseph A.— Pvt., 7th B'n., 153d D. Brig., 27th.
Muffoletto, Charles — Corp., Co. C, 2d Provisional.
Mugler, Charles P.— Corp., Co. D, 59th Amm. Train.
U. S. Army
573
Mugler, Milton W.— Pvt., S. A. T. C, ( Colgate.)
Mullane, Daniel J.— Pvt., Co. L, 135th Inf., 34th Div.
Mullen, Cyril F.— Pvt., Co. E, 302d Engineers. Gas-
sed and Wounded, September 6, and October 20, 1918.
Mullen, .John E.— Sgt., Hdqrs. Detach., 5th Guard Div.
Mullen, Joseph R.— S. A. T. C.
Mullen, William S.— Pvt., Fire Truck & Hose Co. 327th
MullenhofT, George W.~lst-class Pvt., Co. F, 118th
Engineers.
Mullett, Ed R. — Recruit, Columbus Barracks.
Mulligan, Edw. .J.— Pvt., Batt. C, 17th Machine Gun.
Mulligan, Martin J. — Lieut., Supply, 327th Infantry.
Mulroney, Fred L. — Pvt. W.
Mumuloos, Ernest — Pvt., 302d Engineers.
Munschauer, Orville W. — Pvt., Co. K, 51st Pioneers.
Munschauer, Louis M. — Pvt., Co. A, 2d Anti-Air
Craft Machine Gun Battalion.
Mundt, Robert B. — Pvt., Chemical Warfare Division.
Munro, Gordon — Corp., 102d Ammunition Train.
Munson, Harry — Medical Supply Depot.
Munter, Adelbert I. — 433d Motor Supply Train.
Munzert, Edw. H.— Pvt., Co. M, 310th Infantry.
Murawski, Edw.— 6th Battalion, 21st Co., 153d D. B.
Murawski, John— Pvt., Co. G, 306th Infantry. WA
November, 1918.
Murphy, Albert F.~Sgt., Co. B, 306th Infantry.
Murphy, Charles E.— Pvt., S. A. T. C.
Murphy, Clarence .J.— Rgt. Sgt. Major, Headq'rs, 311th
Infantry.
Murphy, Cornelius F. — Co. C, 302d Engineers.
Murphy, Daniel A. — Batt. Sgt. Maj., Headquarters,
Camp Personnel.
Murphy, Daniel C. — Ist-class Pvt.
Murphy, Dave— Corp., Co. H, 309th Infantry. WA
September 24, 1918.
Murphy, Daniel J. — Pvt. WA.
Murphy, Edward F. — Pvt., Headquarters, 302d Engrs.
Murphy, Edw. H. — Lieut., Motor Transport Corps.
Murphy, Edw. Harold— Ist-class Pvt., Co. B, 346th Inf.
Murphy, Edwin J.— Pvt., S. A. T. C. (Oswego).
Murphy, Edw. T.— Pvt., Co. D, 311th Infantry.
Murphy, Eugene C. — 1st Lieut., Co. D, U. S. Guards,
34th Battalion.
Murphy, Frank H.— Student, R. O. T. G.
Murphy, Eugene F. — Ist-class Pvt., Base Hospital 23.
Murphy, Francis D.— Pvt., S. A. T. C.
Murphy, Harold A.— Pvt., S. A. T. C.
Murphy, Lawrence W.— Pvt., Co. C, Q. A. R. D.
Murphy, F. Raymond — Pvt., Co. E, Students' Army
Training Corps. (Carnegie Tech).
Murphy, .James J.— Pvt., Co. B, 346th Infantry.
Murphy, .Jerry R. — 1st Lieut., Base Hospital 58.
Murphy, John C— Pvt., Co. B, 62d Engineers.
Murphy, .John J.— Capt., Co. H, 11th Infantry.
Murphy, .John J.~Pvt., Co. D, 311th Infantry.
Murphy, Joseph G. — Capt., Located Washington.
Murphy, John S.— Ist-class Pvt., Co. D, 303d Motor
Supply Train.
Murphy, Lawrence G. — Sgt., Utility Quartermaster
Corps.
Murphy, Michael J. — Corp., Hdqrs., 302d Engineers.
Murphy, Raymond— Pvt., S. A. T. C.
Murphy, Paul— Corp., 309th Infantry.
Murphy, Robert B. — Corp., Hdqrs., Central Officers'
Training School.
Murphy, Robert T.— Sgt., 683d Aero Squadron.
Murphy, Thomas J.— Pvt., Co. B, Sllth Infantry.
Murphy, Thomas R.— Corp., 309th Field Artillery.
Murphy, William D.— Pvt., Co. C, 307th Infantry.
WA August 31, 1918.
Murphy, William J. — Pvt., Co. A, 62d Engineers.
Murry, Richard J. — Sgt., WA.
Murray, Albert — Pvt., Coast Guards.
Murray, Arthur W. — 1st Sgt., Co. C, 55th Pioneers.
Prisoner of War Escort Co. 213.
Murray. Edward— Ist-class Pvt., 346th Infantry.
Murray, Edward A. — Ist-class Pvt., Co. M, 308th In-
fantry, 77th Division.
Murray, Edwin J. — Ist-class Pvt., Hdqrs., Camp Di.x.
Murray, Hubert V.— 1st Sgt., Co. D, 165th Infantry.
Murphy, James J. — Army Transport Service.
Murray, James T. — Pvt., 15 Canadian Battalion.
Murray, .James W.— Pvt., Co. C, 117th Field Sig. Bat'n.
Murray, John A. — Pvt., 1st Training Brigade, Aviation
Section, Kelly Field.
Murray, John C— Pvt., Co. D, 307. Injured, August.
Murray, John P.— Pvt., Co. B, 209th Engineers.
Murray, Joseph F.— Corp., Co. C, Tank Corps, 331 Bat.
Murray, Joseph M. — Pvt., 815 Engineers Battalion.
Murray, Leslie — Candidate, 48 Training Batt., Central
Officers' Training School.
Murray, Michael F. — Pvt., Co. A, 322d Infantry.
Murray, Oliver F.— Lieut., Co. C, 303d Supply Train.
Murray, Richard J. — Pvt., WA.
Murray, Richard N.— Pvt., Battery C, 349th F. A.
Murray, Robert J. — Pvt., Aircraft Acceptance, Part 1.
Murray, Thomas T.
Murray, William J. — Corp., 3d Army of Regular
Occupation. Gassed slightly.
Murrett, Peter J.— Co. Commander, 949th E. U. S.
N. R. F. Camp Farragut.
Murrett, Raymond A.— Pvt., 2d Co., 1st Battery, 153d
Depot Brigade.
Murtha, Charles A.— Pvt., Co. L, 345th Infantry.
Murtha, Frank R.— Pvt., 303d M. R. S. WA.
Murtha. Leo J.— Pvt., Co. K, 2d Replacement Inf.
Murty, Edward J.— Pvt., Co. D, 305th Infantry.
Muscarello, Laurence J. — Pvt., Co. A, War Vocational
Training, Cornell.
Muschaweck, Eisdor.
Muscoreil, Joseph J. — Co. C, Tank Corps 331.
Musha, Ignacy — Pvt., WA.
Musialowski, Francis J. — Engineer, Co. C, 122d Regt.
Musillo, Domenic,— Co. F, 312th Supply Train.
Muskopf, Al F. — Ist-class Sgt., 827th Aero Squadron.
Mussen, John C. Jr. — Corp., Co. B, 303d Engineers.
Mustard, Walter L.— P-vt., Co. I, 346th Infantry.
Muth, Carl F.— Pvt. WA.
Muth, Paul J.— Pvt., Co. E, 307th M. T. C.
Muzalewski, Paul J. — Ist-class Pvt., 348th Infantry,
Sanitary Detachment.
Mayer, RajTnond J.— Pvt., S. A. T. C.
574
Buffalo's Part in the World War
Myers, Curtis C. — Capt., Ordnance Dept.
Myers, Guy C— Pvt., Co. C, 304th Field Artillery.
Myers, J. Douglas — Lds. E., Radio.
Myers, Julius E. — Pvt., Aviation Squadron G.
Myers, William C— 2d Co., Depot 4, Ord., Base Sec.
Myers, William J. — Pvt., Camp Upton.
Mytko, Stephen— Pvt., Co. D, U. S. Guards, 47th Bn.
Naber, Raymond E. — Corp., Hdqrs., Co. 347th Lab. Bn
Nachreiner, .Joseph — Pvt., 118th Engineers.
Nachreiner, Joseph J. — Pvt., Co. K, 331st Infantry.
Naczek, John— Pvt., Co. E, 311th Infantry. WA
November 6, 1918.
Naczek, John M.— Pvt. WA.
Nadolinski, John C— Pvt., Co. M, 311th Infantry. WA
October 26, 1918.
Nadolny, Teofil A.— Pvt., Co. G, 61st Infantry.
Naedele, John — Pvt., 345th Infantry.
Naegely, Ernst A. — Pvt.
Naegler, Fred L. — Wagoner, Supply Co. 309th Inf.
Naflfky, Charles T.— Pvt., Co. A, 61st Infantry. WA
October 15, 1918.
Nagel, Edward— Pvt., Co. B, 302d Engineers. WA
October 14, 1918.
Nagel, Fred— Pvt.
Nagel, Raymond J. — Pvt., Co. A, 7th Field Artillery.
Nagel, Walter— Pvt., Co. C, 311th Infantry. WA
April 18, 1918.
Nagle, Roy M.— Pvt., 25th Co., Ft. Sloeum.
Nagle, Antoni — Chasseur, 2d Co, 2d Chasseurs (French)
Nagle, Frank C— Sgt.
Nagowski, Victor— Corp., 303d M. S. T.
Nagowski, Aloizy— Corp., Co. H, 108th Infantry. WA
September 29, 1918, at Ronssoy.
Awarded D. S. C. for extraordinary heroism in action near Rons-
soy, France.
Nairn, B. Ross — Capt., Camp Dodge.
Namszewicz, Anthony — Band Leader, Hdqrs. Co. 53d
Infantry.
Nantka, Louis J.— Pvt., Hdqrs. Co., 347th Infantry.
Napieralski, Walter — Pvt.
Napierata, Michael — Pvt., Co. A, Ordnance Corps.
Napiorkowski, Con — Pvt., Co. H, 347th Infantry.
Naples, James J. — Pvt., Co. I, 348th Infantry.
Naples, Sebastian— Pvt., S. A. T. C.
Napolitano, Grovanno — Pvt., WA.
Napurala, Stanley — Pvt., Co. D, 302 Engineers.
Narieszewicz, Anton W. — Band Leader, 53d Infantry.
Nash, John J.— Pvt., Co. D, 347th Infantry.
Naugle, Clark A.— Pvt., Co. D, 302d Engineers. WA
September 28, 1918.
Nourcki, Kosimer — Pvt.
Nouth, Herbert H. O. — Sgt., Military Aeronautics 14.
Navagh, John A.— Corp., 340th Co., 5th Prov. Bn.
Nawojski, Felix— Hdqrs. Co., 311th Infantry. WG.
October 31, 1918.
Nawrot, Michael— Pvt., 39th Co., 153d Depot Brigade.
Naythomas, Edward— Pvt., 39th Co., 153d D. B.
Naythomas, Edward— Pvt., Co. A, 109th M. G. Bat'n.
Nozzarino, Peruzzino — Co. K, 119th Infantry.
Neal, Wilfred— Sgt., 28th C. C.
Neasmith, John J. — Pvt., Co. A, 20th Engineers.
Necol, James — Corp., Co. E, 331st Infantry.
Neet, John T. H.— Pvt., Co. B, 38th Am. Train.
Needham, John D.— Pvt. WA.
Neeley, David — Lieut., Quartermasters Corps.
Neenan, Michael — Pvt., 315th Labor Battalion. WA.
Neff, Richard— Pvt., Co. B, 302d Engineers.
Nehin, Harry E.— Pvt., Hdqrs. Co. 307th Infantry.
Neidrauer, Roy — Pvt., Co. A, 129th Engineers.
Neil, Lester C— Frm., U. S. Guards.
Neilans, Thomas G. — Pvt., Co. K, 51st Pioneers.
Neill, Roger L. — Lieut., Quartermasters Corps.
Neiman, Stefan — Pvt., 328th Ambulance Co.
Nellist, Wm. H.— Sgt., Co. F, 318th Infantry.
Nelson, Edward F. — Orderly, Boston, Mass.
Neri, Salvatore — Pvt., Camp McCelllan.
Nesczcynski, Frank — Pvt., Camp Upton.
Netter, John L. — Mechanic, 11th Co., Columbus Bar'ks.
Nettleton, Albert E.— Lieut., Co. K, 160th Depot Brig.
Neu, Louis J. — Sgt.. 346th Labor Battalion.
Neubauer, Bernard — Capt., General Hospital 1.
Neubaert, John L.— Pvt., S. A. T. C.
Neubert, John— Pvt., Co. A, S. A. T. C.
NeufFer, Rinehard J.— Pvt., Co. N, 311th Infantry.
WA September 26, 1918.
Neuman, John— Pvt., Co. F, 307th Infantry.
Neumann, August — Pvt., Co. C, 312th Am. Train.
Neumann, Charles — Corp., 4th Div. Headq'rs. Troop.
Neumeister, Frank J.— Co. C, U. S. G., 14th Bat.
Neunder, George — Pvt., Co. E, 1st Pioneer Infantry.
Neureuther, Ben — Pvt., Hospital Train 50.
Neureuter, Clarence — Pvt., Aircraft Production Depot.
Neureuter, Val C— Pvt., Co. L, 306th Infantry.
Neurohr, Matt— Pvt., 101st Unit.
Neville, Joseph G.— Pvt., 17th Co., 20th Engineers.
Newbrook, George — Pvt., Co. A, 502d Service Bat.
Newbrook, F. D.— Sgt., Co. A, 502d Eng. Service Bat.
Newell, Caryl H.— Lieut., 160th Depot Brigade.
Newell, Charles — Pvt., 102d Ammunition Train.
Newell, Louis F. — Pvt., Co. F, 147th Engineers.
Newell, Richard— Hdqrs., 154th Inf. Brig. WA Vesle.
Newhall, Edward S.— Lieut., 56th Field Artillery.
Newman, David— Pvt., Co. E, 310th Infantry.
Newman, Lewis E.— Pvt. WA October 7, 1918.
Newman, Stanley J. — Pvt., 323d Supply Co., Quarter-
master Corps. W October, 1918, France. Casual W.
Newman, William E.— Pvt., 308th Motor Supply Train.
Newton, James — Corp., 165th Machine Gun Battalion.
Neyerlin, Chester J.— Pvt., Co. D, 312th M. A.
Nichol, Allen H. — Corp., Medical.
Nicholaus, John T. — Lieut., Dental Corps.
Nicholaus. Stephen G. — Pvt., 9th Trench Mortar.
Nichols, Harold J.— Sgt., S. A. T. C.
Nichols, Harvey — Postal Clerk, 41st Division.
Nichols, Henry E.— Pvt., Hdqrs. Co., 152d Depot Brig.
Nichols, Paul — Pvt. Ist-class, Co. A, 29th Engineers.
Nichols, Thaddeus — 16th Motor Mechanics.
Nichols, Wallace B.— Pvt. WA.
Nichols, Vincent C. — Cook, 837th Aero Squadron.
Nicholson, Earl T.— Bugler, Co. D, 309th Infantry.
Nicholson, Harry J.— Pvt. Ist-class, Co. C, 305th
Machine Gun Battalion. G August 17, 1918.
U. S. Army
575
Nickrenz, George F. — Pvt., Casual Battalion.
Nicinski, Joseph — Pvt., 87th Detachment.
Nicholson, Wm.— Pvt. WA.
Nicol, Allen H. — Sgt., Medical Corps.
Nicol, John P.— Pvt., Co. B, 18th Infantry.
Nicponski, John B.— Pvt., Co. E, 325th.
Nicosia, Michael — Pvt. WA.
Nicosia, Manuel S.— Pvt., Co. B, 348th Infantry.
Nieb, Emil— Pvt., Supply Co., 59th Field Artillery.
Nielsen, Herbert S. — Lieut., Co. L, 107th Infantry.
Nieman, Charles C. — Pvt., 734th Motor Trans. Corps.
Nieman, James — Sgt.
Niemczyk, John — Pvt., Base Hospital, Camp Custer.
Niespodziany, Walyslaw — Pvt. WA.
Nies, John P. — Pvt., Quartermaster Corps.
Niespodzinski, Michael — Pvt.
Niespodziany, Walter — Pvt., Co. E, 147th Infantry.
Niester, Peter— Pvt., Co. K, 7th Infantry.
Niesyto, Joe— Pvt., Co. B, 347th Infantry.
Nietz, Norman W.— Pvt., Co. A, 313th Mach. Gun Bat.
Niewczyk, Walter — Pvt.
Niles, Chauncey P.— Pvt., Co. B, 316th Mach. Gun B'n.
Niles, Adelbert A.— Pvt., Co. H, 311th Infantry.
Nillmann, Anthony J. — Pvt.
Nimon, Ralph E.— Pvt., Co. B, 37th Engineers. WA.
September, 1918.
Nisita, Carl A.— Sgt., Co. A, 309th Infantry.
Niven, Fred A. — Corp., Co. D, 302d Engineers.
Nixon, Harold D.— Pvt., 307th Infantry. WA.
Noah, Carl — Pvt., 316th Ammunition Train.
Noble, Chauncey H. — Pvt., Co. F, 102d Engineers.
WG October 27, 1918.
Noble, Lawrence J. — Pvt., Co. C, 316th Engineers.
Noedele, John — Pvt., Co. I, 345th Infantry.
Nolan, Christ J.— Pvt., Co. D, 155th Depot Brigade.
Nolan, Edward J. — Sevt., Headquarters Co., 306th
Machine Gun Battalion. WG September 7, 1918.
Nolan, James A. — Corp., Quartermaster Corps.
Nolan, J. W.— Pvt., 302d Sanitary Train.
Nolan, Raymond W. — Corp., Co. E, 2d Regiment,
Camp Taylor.
Nole, Felix— Pvt., Co. H, 348th Infantry.
Noll, William C— Pvt., Co. B, 57th Infantry. WA
August, 1918.
Noonan, Walter A. — Pvt., Co. A, 9th Brigade.
Norgren, Joseph E. — Corp. WA.
Norris, Harold S. — Capt., 10th Anti-Aircraft Battery.
Northen, Harold — Sgt., Quartermaster Corps.
Norris, Wilfred L.— Pvt., Co. I, 346th Infantry.
Notaro, Joseph — Pvt., 135th Infantry.
Notaro, Carmelo— Pvt., Battery F, 34th Field Artillery.
Notman, Bruce P.— T. O. T. C.
Notman, Robert A.— Lieut., 38th Field Artillery.
Notman, Walter J.— Sgt., C. A. O. S.
Notman, Wm. D. — Capt., Ordnance Department.
Noves, Charles A. — Pvt., Co. D, Motor Trans. Corps.
Nowacki, Stanislaus — Pvt., Co. D, 17th Engineers.
Nowak, Edward B. — Mchst., 1103d Aero Squadron.
Nowak, Frank C— Pvt.
Nowak, Frank J.— Pvt., Co. M, 311th Infantry. WA
October 27, 1918.
Nowak, John— Pvt., Co. C, 347th Infantry.
Nowak, John E.— Pvt.
Nowak, Michael — Pvt., 153d Depot Brigade.
Nowak, Stephen A.— Pvt. WA.
Nowak, Val S.— Pvt., 29th Signal Battalion.
Nowak, Vincent A.— Pvt., Machine Gun Co., 346th Inf.
Nowak, Walter — Sgt., Co. G, 21st Engineers.
Nowajski, Felix — Pvt., Headquarters Co., 311th In-
fantry. WG October 29, 1918.
Nowakowski, John J. — Sgt., Co. B, 48th Infantry.
Nowicki, Adam — Pvt. WA.
Nowicki, John — Corp., Co. H, 248th Infantry.
Nowicki, Benjamin R. — Pvt., Co. B, 94th Engineers.
Nowicki, John F. — Wagoner, Co. C, 303d Am. Train.
Nowicki, Max — Pvt., 308th Aero Squadron.
Nowicki, Stanley — Pvt., Co. D, 502d Engineers.
Nuermberger, Geo. E. — Cook, 306th Quartermaster C'p
Neuse, Paul E.— Pvt., Headquarters Co., 26th Inf.
Nugent, William H. — Pvt., 224th Aero Squadron.
Nuhrbach, Alfred L.— Pvt., Base Hospital 83.
Nusall, Stephen A.— Pvt., Battery B, 58th F. A.
Nusbaum, Joseph M. — Sgt., Service Park Unit 342.
Nussbaum, Ray — 17th Balloon Company.
Nuttle, Thomas W.— Sgt., 101st Field Bakery.
Nycko, Thomas— Pvt., Co. K, 156th Depot Brigade.
Nyderek, John — Ist-class Pvt. Co. G, 51st Pioneers.
Dates, Leo E.— Pvt., Co. D, 311th Infantry. WA
September 22, 1918, St. Mihiel.
Obenauer, William T.— Pvt., Co. C, 12th Batt., Inf.
Ober, Frank B.— Capt., Battery F, 315th Field Art.
Oberkircher, Oscar J. — Lieut., Base Hospital 66.
Obermeier, Jacob— Pvt., Battery D, 334th F. A.
Obermeier, Stephen — Pvt., 59th Pioneer Infantry.
Oberrheimer, Frank H. — Corp., Co. B, 51st Infantry.
Oberst, Harry C— Howick Hall.
Oberst, William C— Pvt., Co. A, 16th Engineers.
Obertean, Edward C— Sgt.
Oberti, Giovannie — Pvt., 3d Co., Artillery.
O'Boyle, Thomas J.— Pvt., Headquarters Co., 327th Inf.
O'Brien, Charles— Pvt., Co. L, 306th Infantry.
O'Brien, Charles— Pvt. WA.
O'Brien, Dennis— Pvt., Co. B, 303d Engineers.
O'Brien, Frank L.— Pvt., U. S. Coast Guards.
O'Brian, Harold F.— Pvt., Machine Gun Co., 311th Inf.
O'Brien, George R.— Pvt., Med. Det., 306th M. G. Bat.
O'Brien, Harold J. — Pvt., Quartermaster Corps.
O'Brien, Harry S.— Pvt., Fire and Hose Co. 324th.
O'Brien, John— Sgt., Co. C, 307th Infantry.
O'Brien, Joseph — Pvt., 152d Depot Brigade.
O'Brien, Joseph V.— Pvt., R. R. C. Co. 130th.
O'Brien, Leo — Pvt., Quartermaster Corps.
O'Brien, John J. — Sgt., Co. D, 2d Engineers.
Distinguised Service Cross for heroism at St. Etienne.
O'Brien, Peter F.— Pvt., Headquarters Co., 87th Div.
O'Brien, Robert— Pvt., Co. M, 306th Infantry.
O'Brien, Robert J.— Pvt., WA.
O'Brien, Stephen M.— Pvt., Co. M, 345th Infantry.
O'Brien, Thomas V.— Pvt., 35th Co., Camp Dix,9thBat.
O'Brien, Vincent E. — Sgt., Stevedores Regulars 301.
O'Brien, William A. — Pvt., 77th Co., Syracuse Camp.
O'Brien, Wm. J.— Sgt., 805th Stevedores.
576
Buffalo's Part in the World War
O'Callaghan,' William K.— Capt., Medical Corp.
O'Connell, Clarence — Pvt., 152d Depot Brigade.
O'Connell, George E.— Pvt., Co. A, 146th M. G. Bat.
O'Connell, Henry A.— Pvt., S. A. T. C.
O'Connell, James— Pvt., Co. H, 311th Infantry.
O'Connell, James J.— Pvt., Co. F, 304th Am. Train.
O'Connell, John J.— Pvt., Co. K, 307th Infantry.
O'Connell, Michael— Sgt., Hdqrs. Co., M. G. School.
O'Connell, Michael J.— Pvt., Co. B, 348th Infantry.
O'Connell, Michael J.— Pvt., Co. D, 303d Am. Train.
O'Connell, Morgan— Pvt., 309.
O'Connell, Raymond J.— Pvt., Co. K, 307th Infantry,
WA October 14, 1918.
O'Connell, Thomas V. — Corp., Hdqrs., 43 Art. Brigade.
O'Connell, Wm. A. — Sgt., Quarter Masters Corps.
O'Connor, Albert— Pvt., 8th Car Supply.
O'Connor, Charles B.— Pvt., Co. A, Motor Transport.
O'Connor, Clarence L. — Pvt., Hdqrs. Co., 2d Anti-
Aircraft Machine Gun Battalion.
O'Connor, John G. — Pvt. .Machine Gun, 307th Infantry.
O'Connor, John P.— Sgt.
O'Connor, James A.— Pvt., Co. A, S. A. T. C.
O'Connor, Joseph L. — Pvt., 6th Battery, Field Artillery.
O'Connor, Joseph L.— Pvt., 317th S. R.
O'Connor, Stephen F. — Lieut., Army Transport Service.
O'Connor, Wilham L— Pvt., S. A. T. C.
Oczkowski, Leon A. — Corp., Battery E, 41 F. A.
Odaskozsky, Harry— Pvt., M. A. E. F.
O'Day, Bernard V. — Lieut., 5th Co., Engineers.
O'Day, James E.— Pvt., Battery E, 34th Field Artillery.
O'Day, Joseph F.— Pvt., 335th Field Artillery.
O'Day, Mary E. — Red Cross Nurse, Base Hospital,
Camp Jackson.
O'Day, Michael J.— Pvt.,
Oddo, Nathaniel F.— Pvt., Co. T, 4th Infantry.
O'Dea, James J.— Pvt., Co. F, 304th Amm. Train.
Odea, John M.— Lieut., 309th M. G. Battalion. WA
October 16, 1918.
O'Dea, Michael, J. — Sgt., Motor Transport Corps.
Odell, Ralph W.— Sgt., Air Ser\'ice.
O'Dell, Theodore T.— Pvt., S. A. T. C.
Odien, Joseph J.— Pvt., Co. K, 345th Infantry.
Odien, Philip T.— Corp., Co. C, 11th Vermont.
O'Donnell, Henry V.— Pvt., Co. C, 302d Engineers.
Oehler, Carl— Pvt., 320th Tank Corps.
Oehler, Cornelius A. — Wagoner, Co. D, 303d Am. Train.
Oehler, George— Pvt., Co. C, 148th Infantry.
Oetinger, Edward H. — Pvt.
Oetinger, Otto A.— Pvt., WA.
Ogden, Herman J. — Pvt., Base Hospital 34.
Ogg, John H.— Pvt., 12th Co., S. A. T. C.
Oggessen, Oscar F. — Pvt., WA.
Ogilvie, H. H. — Canadian Expeditionary Forces.
O'Gorman, Francis M. — Capt., Base Hospital 119.
O'Grady, Harland J.— Pvt., Medical Staff; Royal
Air Force.
O'Grady, Michael— Pvt., WA.
O'Hara, Joe R.— Pvt., 502d Engineers.
O'Hara, John J.— Pvt., Co. D, 303d Am. Train.
O'Hara, Raymond F.— Pvt., Co. D, 302d Engineers.
Ohlenschlager, Ernst — Pvt., Co. H, 348th Infantry.
Oilin, Max— Prt., Co. H, 87th Di\ision.
Oishei, Eugene A. — Pvt., Co. B, 3d Engineers.
O'Keefe, Denis— Mechanic, M. G. Co., 311th Infantry.
O'Kelly, Charles E.— Instructor, Rifle Range. Mt.
Pleasant.
Okon, Bart- Pvt., Co. A, 303d Ammunition Train.
O'Laughhn, John H.— Pvt. WA.
O'Laughlin, Roy J.— Pvt., 803d Transporation Bat.
Oldenburg, Alfred W.— Corp., Hdqrs. Co., M. T.
O'Leary, Emerson J.— Pvt., Co. K, 311th Infantry.
O'Leary, George— Pvt., Co. D, 55th C. A. C.
Olejniczak, John — Sgt., Field Hospital.
Olejmiczak, -Julius — Pvt., Baker School.
Olejniczak, Sylvester J.— Pvt., Co. D, 325th Infantry.
WGS October 10, 1918.
Oliver, Adalbert R.— Pvt.
Oliver, Frank J.— Pvt., Co. D, 306th M. G. Battalion.
Oliver, Harold J.— Pvt., Co. F, 104th Engineers.
Oliver, Walter T.— Pvt., WA.
O'Laughhn, Francis S.— Pvt., 307th Infantry, WA.
September 6, 1918.
Oldenburg, Alfred C. — Corp., Motor Transport Corps.
Olejniczak, John — Pvt., Medical Department.
Olejuiezak, Sylvester— Pvt., Co. D, 325th Infantry.
O'Loughlin, John H.— Pvt., Co. D, 306th Infantry, WA.
September 27, 1918.
Olds, Omar G.— Pvt., Troop H, 5th Cavalry.
O'Leary, B. J.— Pvt., Co. A, 1st Battalion.
O'Leary, Daniel J.— Sgt., Co. 37, 153d Depot Brigade.
Olechowski, John W.— Sgt., Co. B, 2d Corps.
Olejnicyak, Bourney— Sgt., Troop A, 15 M. P.
Olejinczak, .Julius — 358th Bakery Co.
Olin, Robert N. — Lieut., Air Service.
Ollis, Edmund James— Pvt., Battery F, 319th F. A.
Olson, Clarence Wm. B. — Pvt., Ordnance Cas.
OHver, Sgt., Battery E, 35th Field Artillery.
Oliver, Wallace N.— Pvt., WA.
Olmsted, Allen S. — Sgt., 58th Regiment Engineers.
Olmsted, Ra>Tnond H.— Pvt., Co. C, 346th Infantry.
O'Loughlin, John H.— Pvt., Co. D, 306th Infantry.
Olsen, John W.— Pvt., Co. E, 87th Infantry.
Olskey, Edwin J.— Pvt., 306th Aero Squadron.
Olskey, Raymond F. — Pvt., Dental Corp.
Olson, Andrew — Pvt., Co. A, 37th Engineers, WG
August, 1918.
Olszewski, Stanley— Pvt., Co. 6th, No. Dev. Battalion.
Olszenski, Bernard J. — Pvt., Battalion E, 35.
Olszewski, Stanley J. — Base Hospital 106-705.
Olyniczak, Mike O.— Pvt., 41st Co., 155th Depot Brig.
O'Malley, Frank— Pvt. WA November 6, 1918.
O'Mara, Edward— Pvt., Co. F, 52d Infantry.
O'Mara, William M.— Sgt., Co. H, 147th Engineers.
Ominski, John— Pvt., Co. G, 302d Am. Train.
Onady, John Joseph— Pvt., Battery F, 336th F. A.
O'Neild, John T.— Pvt., Hdqrs. Co., 327th Infantry,
WA October 9, 1918.
O'Neil William C— Pvt., Co. 803, Motor Transport.
O'Neill, Bartholomew L.— Corp., Co. D, 303d Engineers
O'Neill, George— Pvt., 305th Machine Gun Battalion.
O'Neill, George A. — Corp., Hdqrs. Co., 307th Infantry.
O'Neill, John T.— Pvt., WA.
U. S. Army
577
O'Neill, Charles F.— Pvt., Co. M, Det. 2.
O'Neill, Michael— Pvt., Co. B, 305th M. G. Battalion,
WA September 29, 1918.
O'Neill, W. H.— Pvt., 401st Engineers.
O'Neill, William — Sgt., Chemical Warfare Service.
Oppenheim, Aaron — Pvt., Personal Detachment.
Oppenheimer, Alan D. — Lieut., Quartermasters Corps.
Oppenheimer, Jean L.— Pvt., F. A. C. O. T. S., 17th
Observing Battery.
Omszchah, Deonizy — Pvt., Co. L, 51st Infantry.
Orchmann, John— Pvt., 16th Co., 152d Infantry.
Orcutt, Charles F.— Pvt., Battery E, 334th F. A.
O'Reilly, Robert M.— Corp., Co. K, 51st Infantry.
Oswig, Charles A.— Pvt., Hdqrs. Co., 12 F. A.
Orlando, Salvatore— Pvt., Co. E, 331st Infantry.
Orlin, Learn N. — Pvt., 153d Depot Brigade.
Orlowski, Edward — Pvt., Co. A, 302d Engineers.
Orlowski, Edward — Pvt., Co. A, 302d Engineers.
Orlowski, Leo— Pvt., Co. E, 2d Battalion.
Orlick Jacob— Pvt.
Oroschin, Robert J. — Pvt., 4th Co., Ordnance Dept.
O'Rourke, Cornelius E. — Pvt., Med. Research Lab.
O'Rourke, Edward H.— Leiut., WA.
Orr, Percy J. — Corp., 12th Photo Air Service.
Ort, Adam J.— Corp., Battery F, 335 F. A.
Ort, Edwin C— Pvt., 2d Co., 12th Amm. Train.
Ort, Henry W.— Pvt., 21st Co., M. G. S.
Ort, William B.— Sgt., 2d Co., 1st Service.
Ortlieb, Thei— Pvt., Co. K, 306th Infantry. WA
Ortner, Joseph L.— Pvt., G. H. 4, Fort Porter.
Ortowski, J. J.— Pvt., Co. M, 348th Infantry.
Orzalkiewicz, Felix— Sgt., Co. M, 306th Infantry.
Orzalkewoicz, Frank P. — Pvt., 152d Depot Brigade.
Osborn, Albert W.— Pvt., Co. G, 304th A. T.
Osborne, Alfred J.— Pvt., WA October 2, 1918.
Osborne, Ernest H.— Corp., Battery E, 19th F. A.
Osborne, Fred G. — Pvt., Aero Photography.
Osburn, Earl A.— Sgt., 420th Supply Train.
Oscarson, Andrew H.— Pvt., WA October 29, 191S.
Oster, Edward J.— Pvt., Co. E, 2d Infantry.
Ostrowski, Leonard — Pvt., 51st Pioneer Infantry.
Oswald, Charles J. — Corp., Co. B, Engineering Corp.
Oswald, Conrad J.— Pvt., M. S. T.
Osswald, Frank E.— Pvt., 312th Sanitary Train.
Osswald, Treberius C. — Sgt., Quartermasters Corps.
Ostermeier, John — Pvt., Co. C, 346th Infantry.
Ostermeier, Joseph E.— Pvt., Co. A, 302d Eng.
Ostrowski, Francis S.— Pvt., Co. M, 311th Infantry.
Ostrowski, John — D. B. G. 5, Gov. Island.
Osuch, Casimer— Pvt., 67th Co., 153d Depot Brigade.
Otminski, John— Pvt., Battery B, 34th F. A.
Ott, Albert G.— Pvt., Co. B, 410th Infantry.
Ott, Robert— Pvt., Co. L, 306th Infantry.
Otterman, Henry F. — Pvt., Ordnance Detachment.
Oetinger, Otto— Pvt., Co. G, 311th Infantry. WG
October 18, 1918.
Otto, John— Lieut., Co. M, 802d Pioneer Infantry.
Ouczarzak, Anthony — Pvt., Coast Guard.
Ouczarzak, Stanley H.— Pvt., M. G. Co., 346th Inf.
Overfield, Andrew H. — Sgt., Medical Detachment.
Overfield, Frederick J.— Sgt., 17th Co., 157th D. B.
-Casual Detachment,
306th Infantry.
135th Infantry.
OverhofT, Hugo J.— Corp., 663d M. T. C.
Owczarczak, Leonard T.— Pvt., 46th Co., 153d D. B.
Owens, Jack R.— Pvt., Troop 26.
Oyen, Olaf L.— Pvt., Base Hospital 23.
Oyer, Harvey— Pvt., Co. F, 303d Am. Train.
Pache, Arnold J.— 105th Field Artillery.
Packer, John F.— Pvt., Battery C, 71st F. A.
Pacyna, Frank J. — Pvt., Hdqrs. Troop, 1st Division.
Pacynska, Vincent — Pvt., Co. A, 17th M. G. Battalion.
Page, Cecil H.— Lieut., WA.
Pajerski, John— Pvt., Battery E, 11th Field Artillery.
Palome, Angelo — Pvt., Co. D, 1st Prov. Artillery.
Palano, Antonino — Pvt., Co. K, 347th Infantry.
Palaszewski, Leo— Pvt., Battery D, 334th F. A.
Palaszewski, Sylvester— Pvt., 17th Battalion, 153d D. B
Palermo, Nicholas— Pvt., Co. M, 28th Infantry.
Palermo, Pasquale — Pvt., 311th Infantry.
Paleto, James— Pvt., 72d Field Artillery Band.
Palmer, Albert W. Dr.— Lieut., Base Hospital 114.
Palmer, Frederick W.— 1st Lieut., M. R. C
Palmer, Joseph F.— Sgt., Hdqrs. Co., 309th Infantry,
WA November 4, 1918.
Palmquist, Geo H.— Sgt. Major-
C. A. School.
Panepinto, Frank — Corp., Co. B, 328th Infantry.
Panfilio, Prudente— Pvt., Co. A,
Panicalli, Angelo— Pvt., 13th Co.,
Pankow, Frank — Pvt., 153d Depot Brigade.
Pankratz, Frank— Pvt., Co. D, 306th Infantry.
Panrjico, Vincent— Pvt., 5th Battalion, Ord. Corp.
Pantera, Chester A.— Corp., Co. C, 12th Amm. Train.
Pantera, Edward J. — Mechanic, Co. L, 306th Infantry.
WA October 16, 1918.
Panzarella, Charles C. — Lieut., Medical Detachment,
6th Replacement.
Panzarella, Joseph — Lieut., U. S. Military Academy.
Panzarella, Roy J.— Pvt., Co. B, 348th Infantry.
Paola, Gualamo D.— Pvt., Co. G, 152d Depot Brigade.
Pantano, Philip— Pvt., G. H.
Poalucci, Joe — Pvt., Co. A, 112th Engineers.
Papastathatos, D. M.— Pvt., WA.
Papia, Russell — Pvt.
Papial, Joseph— Pvt., 41st Battalion, 153d D. B.
Papialkowski, Theodore— Pvt., Hdqrs. Co., 311th Inf.
Papke. Oscar R.— Corp., Co. D, 302d Engineers.
Paplow, John C— Corp., Co. H, 60th Infantry.
Pappademetri, T.— Sgt., Co. F. 325th Infantry.
Pappas, Steve— Pvt., Co. K, 309th Infantry.
Paradowski, Adam— Pvt., 74th P. W. E.
Paradowski, Michael J.— Pvt., Co. F, 311th Infantry.
Paradowski, Stanislaus— Pvt., 5th Co., 306th M. T. C.
Paradowski, Val— Pvt., Co. D, 17th M. G. Battalion.
Paris, Anthony C— Lieut., Co. B, 47th M. G. Battalion.
Parish, Chas. S.— Pvt., 345th Field Hospital.
Parisi, Ignazio — Pvt., Co. M, 347th Infantry.
Park, Benjamin S.— Pvt., Co. A, S. A. T. C.
Park, Roswell— Lieut., WA August, 1918.
Parker, Charles J.— Pvt., Hdqrs. Co., 311th Infantry.
Parker, Clarence F.
Parker, Harold D. — Pvt., Hdqrs. Co., 55th Pioneers.
Parker, David— Pvt., Co. B, 306th Infantry. WA twice.
578
Buffalo's Part in the World War
Parker, John H.— Col.,' 102d Infantry.
Parker, Jason — Pvt. WA.
Parker, Reginald— Pvt., Co. G, 312th Infantry.
Parker, Robert 0.— Sgt., Hdqrs. Co., 58th Pioneers
Parker, Samuel Wm— Pvt., Co. E, 403d Tel. Bat.
Parker, Thos.— Pvt., Co. D, 308th M. G. Battalion.
Parker, Walter E. Jr.— Pvt., Co. 730th M. T. C.
Parker, Wm. V.— Pvt., Hdqrs. Troop, 307th Infantry.
Parkes, John— Pvt., Co. C, 18th Infantry.
Parkhill, Gordon H.— Lieut.
Parkhurst, George G. — Lieut., Machine Shop Truck
Unit 309.
Parkinson, Frank V.— Pvt., Co. G, 307th Amm. Train.
Parks, Floyd L.— Pvt., S. A. T. C, (Hobart).
Parks, Geo. J.— Sgt., 2d Co., C. O. T. S.
Parks, Lester B.— Pvt., Co. F, 110th Infantry. WG
September 4, 1918. November 17, 1918.
Parks, Lester V.— Pvt., WA.
Parlato, Anthony — Pvt., 347th Infantry.
Parlato, Anthony J.— Pvt., Co. B, 303d Am. Train.
Parlato, Frank— Pvt., 348th Infantry.
Parry, Fred F.— Pvt., Co. B, 305th M. G. B.
Parsons, Frank D.— Pvt., 730th M. T. S. Ord. Bureau.
Parsons, Howard H. — Student Officer — Co. I, Camp
Humphrey.
Parsons, Spencer S. C— Corp., Co. B, 303d M. T. S.
Parsons, Lewis W. — Pvt., M. G., 307th Infantry.
Partyka, Casimer T. — Corp., 157th Depot Brigade.
Partyka, Wm.— Pvt., Co. E, 147th Infantry, WA
September, 1918.
Parucki, Anthony W. — Corp., 827th Aero Squadron.
Paruzenski, Stephen — Pvt., Co. A, 19th Infantry.
Parwulski, John L. — Pvt., Co. E, 3d Engineers.
Pascale, Nick D.— Pvt., Co. F, 154th Regulars.
Paschke, Ernst E.— Pvt., 154th School Co., M. T. C.
Paschke, Rudolph H.— Pvt., Co. D, 307th Infantry,
WA September 14, 1918.
Pasik, Paul— Pvt., Co. C, 1st Infantry.
Pasquale, Calo— Pvt., 8th Co., 153d Depot Brigade.
Pass, Elmer L. — Corp., WA.
Passafuime, Joseph — Pvt., Co. G, 307th Infantry.
Cited for heroism in Argonne Forest. September 29, 1918, and
awarded D. S. C. for "extra heroism" Croix de Guerre, and Italian
War Cross.
Paszkiewicz, Jos. H. — Pvt., Co. K, 306th Infantry.
Patano, Frank— Pvt., Co. K, 347th Infantry.
Patera, Edward T.— Pvt. WA.
Paterson, James Hamilton- Pvt., S. A. T. C.
Paterson, Thomas W. — Sgt. Maj., Motor Trans. Corps.
Patitucci, Joseph— Pvt., Co. G, 307th Infantry.
Patrone, Charles— Pvt., Co. E, 326th Infantry.
Patterson, Arthur J.— Major, E. R. O. F. C.
Patterson. Geo. F.— Pvt., Co. D, 116th Supply.
Patterson, Michael F.— Sgt.lst-class,20th Co.,4th A.S.M.
Patterson, Steven J. — Pvt., Co. H, 23d Engineers.
Patton, Franklin A.— Pvt., 4th Co., N. R. D.
Patton, Harvey J. — Pvt., 4th Sanitary Train.
Pauehinko, Peter— Pvt., Co. D, 7th Bre. U. S. Guard.
Paufi'er, Paul — Corp., 103d Aero Squadron.
Paul, Edward F.— Pvt., Co. M, 347th Infantry.
Paul, Elmer D.— Pvt., Machine Gun Co., 306th In-
fantry. WA October 15, 1918.
Paul. Ernest G.— Corp., Co. B, 343d Labor Battalion.
Paul, John— Pvt., 324th Infantry.
Paul, John F.— 534th Motor Corps.
Paulick, John— Pvt. WA October 4, 1918.
Paulus. John M. — Pvt., 1st Division Special Training
Battalion. WA June, 1918.
Paulus, Joseph J. — Pvt., 3d Signal Corps.
Pauly, Jacob J. — Pvt., 303d Engineers.
Pauly, Joseph P.— Pvt., Co. F, 4th Rgt., 156th D. Brig.
Pauly, Mark L.— Pvt., S. A. T. C.
Paul, Norman C. — Pvt., Medical Corps.
Pauly, Norbert J. — Pvt., 325th Ambulance Corps.
Powalisz, Alexander — Lieut., Provost Co., Camp Mc-
Arthur.
Powelski, Barney — Pvt.
Pawelski, Louis F.— Pvt., Co. B, 109th Machine Gun B.
Pawlaczyk, Ladislaus— Pvt., Co. G, A. P. G.
Pawlak, Stanley— 348th Infantry.
Pawlak, Stanley J.— Pvt., Hdqrs. Co., 12th Brig., 6th D.
Pawlak, William— Pvt.
Pawlik, John — Pvt. Prisoner, Germany.
Pawlicki, Leo— Pvt., Co. G, 311th Infantry. WA
October 26, 1918.
Pawlicki, William— Pvt., Co. A, 14th B'n., Ord. Dept.
Pawlonski, Konstany — Pvt., Co. G, 346th Infantry.
Pawlowski, Anthony C. — Lieut., Dental Corps.
Pawlowski, Anthony W.— Pvt., S. A. T. C.
Pawlowski, F. J.— Pvt., Machine Gun Co., 346th Inf.
Pewlowski, Stephen — Pvt., Co. L, 346th Infantry.
Pawlowski, J. M.— Pvt., Co. D, 18th Machine Gun B'n.
Paxon, Geo. H.— Pvt., Co. B, 308th Machine Gun B'n.
Payne, Arthur E. — Pvt.
Payne, Howard L. — Pvt., Medical Supply Depot.
Payne, Lee R.
Payne, Wm. F.— Pvt.. 5th Co., Coast Artillery Corps.
Peacock, Merrill W. — Mechanic, Royal Air Force.
Pearce, Clifford R.— Pvt.. Co. C, N. E. Department
Headquarters, 3d Battalion.
Pearce, Freeman C. — Pvt., Ordnance Department.
Pease, Earl E.— Pvt., 319th Aero Squadron.
Pease, Jesse D., Jr.— Sgt., 9th Co., 3d Air Service Mech.
Pech, Roy— Pvt. WA.
Peck, Raymond L. — Wagoner, 306th Infantry.
Peckham, Chas. W.— Lieut., Royal Flying Corps. WA
June 23, 1918.
Piecora, James— Pvt., 304th G. and F. Co.
Pecorella, James.
Peek, Harvey G.— Sgt., Battery F, 34th Field Artillery.
Peel, Richard J.— Pvt., 303d Co., Remount.
Peffer, Joseph G.— Pvt., Co. G,' 147th Engineers.
Piersa, John — Pvt. WA.
Peiffer, Henry P.— Pvt., Co. F, 51st Pioneer Infantry.
Peitraszak, Geo.— Pvt., 31st Co.
Plezynski, Bronislaus — Pvt., Headquarters Co., 1st Rgt
Pell, James— Sgt., 37th Co., 158th Depot Brigade.
Pellerite, Anthony— Pvt., Battery C, 59th F. A.
Pelletero, Dominano — Pvt. WA.
Pelletier, Albert — Sgt., 1st Co., Quartermaster Corps.
Pelloth, Joe A.— Pvt., Co. H, 348th Infantry.
Pelosi, Nicola— Pvt. WA October 9, 1918.
Pender, Michael — Pvt. Prisoner, Germany.
U. S. Army
579
Penke, Walter J.— Pvt., 8th Co., 153d Depot Brigade.
Pennario, Frank D.— Pvt. WA July 24, 1918.
Penn, W. N. — Pvt. Prisoner, Germany.
Penniman, Ralph W.— Pvt., 310th Ambulance Co.
Penney, Charles P. — Lieut., Air Service Pilot.
Decorated with Italian Cross.
Penney, Norman — Lieut., 115th Field Artillery.
Penney, Thomas, Jr. — Lieut., Air Service.
Pennypacker, William G.— Pvt., Officers' Training
School.
Pensyeres, George — Pvt., 302d Ammunition Train.
Peplinski, Paul J. — Pvt., Provost Guard.
Pera, Salvator— Pvt., Co. C, 113th Infantry.
Percy, John G., Jr. — Sgt., 33d Engineers.
Perez, Ben C— Pvt., Co. E, 311th Infantry.
Pergande, Walter H. — Wagoner, 303d Military Police.
Perkins, Geo. C— Pvt.
Perkins, Michael J. — Corp., Co. M, 147th Infantry.
WA November 2, 1918.
Perkins, Michael J. — Pvt. WA.
Perner, Leo M.— Pvt., 311th Infantry.
Pernick, John C.^Pvt. WA.
Pernick, Lewis— Pvt., Co. B, 346th Infantry.
Peronne, Edwin F.— Pvt. WA.
Perrin, Edw. J. — Corp., 6r2th Aero Squadron.
Perrin.GeorgeW.— Sgt.,Co.E,309thInf.WAOct.l6,1918
Perott, Roy S.— Pvt., Co. A, 37th Engineers.
Perry, Lansing E. — Corp., Co. C, 61st Field Artillery.
Perry, William H.— Pvt., 1st Co., 158th Depot Brigade.
Perryman, Cecil — Pvt., Co. L, 50th Infantry.
Persch, Albert L.— Pvt., Co. A, 302d Supply Train.
Persch, Leonard J.— Pvt., 2d Rgt., F. A. R. D.
Persch, William C— Pvt., Co. F, 306th Infantry. WG
August 31, 1918.
Peischinski, Joe — Corp. WA.
Peter, Herbert C. — Ist-class Pvt., Ambulance Service.
Peters, Charles A.— Mech., Mach. Shop Unit 340th.
Peters, Clark R.— Pvt., Co. C, 346th Infantry.
Peters, Fred— Pvt., Co. G, 311th Infantry.
Peters, Harold W.— Capt., Co. C, 307th Field Sig. B'n.
Peters, Raymond M. — Pvt., 345th Infantry.
Peters, Lucian M. — Pvt.
Peterson, Amos G. — 2d Lieut. Air Service.
Peterson, Carl E. — Squadron E.
Peterson, Charles J.— Corp. Battery D, 32d F. A.
Peterson, Douglas — Mech., 703d Dept. Ordnance.
Peterson, Frank J., Jr.— Pvt., 306th Unit.
Peterson, Lawrence — Pvt., Co. B, 311th Infantry WA.
July 11, 1918.
Peterson, Lawrence R. — Pvt. W.
Peterson, Walter A.— Pvt. WA.
Peterson, William H.— Pvt., Co. D, 302d Engineers.
WA November 18, 1918.
Petrie, Edwin S.— Pvt. WA.
Petrie, Harold M. — Mess Sgt., 23d Ambulance Co.
Petrie, John J.— Battery C, 43d R. R. Artillery.
Petrino, Anthony S.— Corp., 340th F. G., Camp Merritt
Retry, Herman F. — Mach., Co. G, 5th Infantry.
Petschke, Emil R. — Corp., 315th Aero Squadron.
Petschke, Ernest J. — Pvt., Co. B, 307th Ammunition
Train. WA October 2, 1918.
Petschke, John C— Pvt., Headquarters, 311th Inf.
Petschke, Otto— Pvt., Co. E, 26th Engineers.
Petschke, William — Pvt., Auto Replacement.
Petti, Paul— Pvt., Co. H, 306th Infantry.
Petz, Albert— Pvt., Co. I, 306th Infantry.
Petz, Fred J. — Corp., Headquarters, 102d Am. Train.
Petz, Richard F.— Pvt., Co. C, 10th Battalion.
Pfalzer, Leo M. — Wagoner, Co. A, 303d Am. Train.
Pfann, Arthur S. — Corp., Veterinary Hospital Corps.
Pfann, Elmer C— Pvt., Co. A, 1st Gas Regiment.
Pfau, Otto G.— U. S. Coast Guards.
Pfeffer, Harold T.— Pvt., 312th Engineers.
Pfeiffer, Clemens E. — Pvt., Co. D, Quartermaster Corps
Pfeiffer, Edward— Pvt., Co. L, 306th Infantry.
Pfeiffer, Elmer A.— Pvt., Co. C, 148th Infantry.
Pfeiffer, George— Pvt., Co. M, 348th Infantry.
Pfeiffer, George C— Pvt., Co. B, 120th Engineers.
Pfeiffer, Harold J.— Corp., Co. H, 13th Infantry.
Pfeiffer. Thomas H.— Pvt., Co. E, 348th Infantry.
Pfeil, Henry W.— Pvt., Troop F, 16th Cavalry.
Pfister, Sylvester — Ist-class Pvt.
Pflug, Clarence— Pvt., S. A. T. C.
Pfohl, Louis J. — Air Service.
Pfohl, Raymond— Pvt., Co. G, 61st Infantry.
Pfohman, Robert J.— Med. Det., 302d Am. Train.
Pfoltzer, Fred D.— Pvt., Co. I, 21st Engineers.
Pfotzei, Roy G. — Lieut., Base Hospital 85.
Phelan, Bernhard J.— Pvt., Co. I, 147th Inf. Prisoner.
Phelps, Harry B.— Pvt., Co. B, Engineers.
Phillips, Albert— Pvt. WA.
Phillips, Edward P.— Pvt., Battery F, 335th F. A.
Phillips, George M.— Pvt., A. S. C. D. L. 24.
Phillips, Henry — War Office, Washington, D. C.
Phillips, Martin G.— Sgt., S. A. T. C.
Phillips, Paul— Pvt., Camp Upton, N. Y.
Phillips, Rollen P.— Pvt., 21st Co., 153d Depot Brigade.
Phillips, Waltei J.— Corp., Co. E, 309th Infantry. WA
November 1, 1918.
Phuelb, John— A. P. 0. 738th. WA June, 1918.
Piasicko, Barney S.— Pvt., 13th Co., Casual.
Piasicki, Segmund— Corp., Battery E, 206th F. A.
Piasicki, Vincent S. — Capt., Polish-French Army. WG
July 25, 1918.
Piasicki, William E.— Sgt.
Piatasik, Stanislaw — Pvt. Prisoner.
Piazza, Joseph W. — Co. M, 308th Infantry. WA Aisne.
Piciulo, Lawrence — Pvt.
Piciulo, Victor — Pvt.
Pickenpack, Matthew— Pvt., 2d Co., 141st Trans. Corp
Pickens, Harold B. — Corp., 504th Aero Squadron.
Pickert, William F.— Pvt., Co. B, 103d Machine Gun
Battalion. WG.
Pico, Felix P.— Pvt., 12th Co., 99th Division.
Picone, Vincenzo — Pvt., Co. D, Ordnance Department.
Pidgeon, Rexford E. — U. S. Air Station, England.
Piechnick, Bronislaus — Pvt., Co. I, 59th Pioneer Inf.
Piechocka, Jos. F.— Pvt., M. G. Co., 2d Anti-Aircraft.
Piechowiak, Frank J.— Pvt., Co. H, 7th Infantry. WA
July 17, 1918.
Piewcki, Ignatz— Pvt., Co. E, 148th Infantry. WA
October 12, 1918.
580
Buffalo's Part in the World War
Piechowiak, Michael — Sgt., Battery A, 1st F. A.
Pieczynski, Joe F. — Pvt., Co. L, 118th Engineers.
Piejda, Stanislaus K. — Pvt., Quartermaster Corps.
Piejka, Jos. — Pvt., Co. C, 59th Inf. Missing in action.
Pier, Arthur J.— Sgt., Headquarters. 216th Field S. B'n.
Pierce, Alfred H.— Pvt. WA.
Piprucki, Egnacy — Pvt. WA.
Pierce, Herbert A.— Pvt., 307th Fire Truck & Hose Co.
Pierce, Oscar— Pvt., 66th Co., 153d Depot Brigade.
Pierce, Purcy H.— Pvt., 153d Depot Brigade, 10th B'n.
Pieri, John L.— Pvt., Co. A, 2d Prov. Rgt., Ordnance.
Piernik, Leo — Pvt., Co. F, 51st Pioneers.
Pierson, John K.— 306th Infantry. WG October 16,
1918.
Pierucki, Ignacy— Pvt., Co. E, 148th Infantry. WG.
Pierncki, L. H.— Pvt., 3d Depot Battalion.
Piersa, John — Corp. WA.
Pietras, Mike— Pvt. WA.
Pietraszak, Martin— Sgt., Co. E, 309th Infantry.
Pietrzak, Stanley— Pvt., Co. E, 39th Infantry.
Pietrzak, Steve— Pvt., 326th Ambulance Co. WA
August 19, 1918.
Pietlukiewicz, Stanley J.
Pietszykowski, Theodore— Sgt., 302d Tank Corps.
Pietz, Harold F.—
Piggott, Joseph B. — Pvt., Co. G, 21st Engineers.
Pijanowski, Leon — Pvt., Co. M, 348th Infantry.
Pijanowski, Stephen — Pvt., Machine Co., 346th Inf.
Pike, John A. — Pvt., Co. K, 51st Pioneer Infantry.
Pike, Joseph V. — Sgt., Air Service.
Pike, William E. — Pvt., Chemical Warfare Service.
Pilarski, Stanley— Pvt. WA.
Pilarski, Walter E.— Pvt., Co. B, 311th Infantry. WA
September 26, 1918.
Pileri, Carmelo— Pvt., Battery D, 13th Field Artillery.
Pilkey, Wilham C— Mach., 53d Rgt., Battery A.
Piluainski, Julian — Pvt., Co. E, 327th Infantry.
Piminski, Frank— Pvt., Co. C, 3d Rgt., F. A. R. D.
Pindar, Arthur G.— Pvt., Co. B, 502d Engineers.
Pingitore, Louis A.— Pvt., S. A. T. C.
Pinnataro, Lawrence — Corp., Battery E, 334th Field
Artillery.
Pinner, James N. — Sgt., Med. Supply Co., Camp Di.x.
Pinner, Ralph F.— Sgt., 109th Ambulance Co., 28th
Division. WG September 26, 1918.
Pinto, Carmine — Pvt., 301st Ship Repair Unit.
Pinto, Samuel A.— Pvt., Co. B, 348th Infantry.
Pinzel, Walter J. — Corp., 55th Pioneer Infantry.
Piontek, Fred C— Co. E, 102d Engineers.
Piotrowski, Adam — Pvt., Co. K, Infantry.
Piotrowski, Barnard M. — Cook, Hampton Roads, Va.
Piotrowski, Frank— Pvt., Co. E, 306th Infantry. WA.
Piotrowski, John J. — Pvt., Depot B'n., Camp Jackson.
Piotrowski, John J.— Pvt., Co. C, 156th Depot Brigade.
Pirk, Paul J.— Pvt., Co. M, 306th Infantry.
Pirog, August — Pvt., Co. A, 48th B'n., Camp Morgan.
Pirson, Arthur E. — Pvt., Headquarters, 348th Infantry.
Piskorski, Zygmunt — Pvt., Co. K, 51st Pioneer Inf.
Pistare, Charles — Pvt., 3d Co., 153d Depot Brigade.
Pitrozzilla, Luigo— Pvt., Co. F, 309th Infantry.
Pittawy, Earl— Pvt., Co. C, 125th Engineers.
Pittelli, Luizi— Pvt., 28th Depot Brigade.
Pitterman, Herman— Pvt., Co. C, 312th Am. Train.
Pitzonka, William— Pvt., 76th Co., 18th Battalion.
Pizzuto, Sam— Pvt. WA.
Place, Carl C— Lieut., 110th Enginners.
Plato, Charles L.— Master Engrs., Sec. Hq., S. O. S.
Piatt, Charles— Ist-class Pvt., 2d Repair Shop.
Plenz, William— Pvt., Co. C, 302d Engineers.
Plesur, Matthew — Ist-class M. M.
Plewa, August — Pvt.
Plewinski, Peter J.— Pvt., Co. G, 327th Infantry. WA
October 16, 1918.
Plichta, Frank— Ist-class Pvt., 347th Infantry.
Ploss, Earl O. — 1st Lieut., Dental Corps.
Plucienik, Wladyslaw— Pvt., Co. C, 47th Battalion.
Plummer, George W.— Pvt., Co. C, 306th Infantry.
Plumstead, George D.— Sgt., 3d Co., Hq. S. O. S.,
Ordnance Battalion.
Plueckhahn, Carl M.— Pvt., 333d Aero Squadron.
Plumb, Ralph — Major, Co. C, Ordnance Reserve.
Plummer, Harold J.
Plummer, William W. — Major, Medical Reserve.
Poch, John J.— Pvt., Co. B, 4th A. A. M. G. B'n.
Poch, Leon E. — Bugler, Co. M, 51st Infantry.
Poch, Theophil R. — Pvt., Headquarters, Signal Corps.
Podbielniat, Wladyslaw— S. A. T. C.
Podgers, Homer C. — Pvt., Co. A, Record Detachment.
Podlaski, John— Pvt. WA.
Podlecki, Bernard— Pvt., Co. B, 302d Engineers.
Poe, Chas. H. — Corp., 2d Ammunition Train.
Poetz, Ernst F. — Co. F, 302d Ammunition Train.
Pogarzala, Stanley E. — Pvt., Camp Wadsworth.
Pohl, Florian J.— Corp., Headquarters, 4th M. T. S.
Pohl, George J.— Pvt.. 302d Q. M. Mech. Repair Shop.
Pohl, Hugh G. — Sgt., 1st Air Service Mechanics.
Pohle, Daniel J.— Pvt., Battery F, 335th Field Artillery.
Pohle, Norbert — Pvt., Students' Army Training Corps.
Poicher, Orlando M. — Sgt., Headquarters, 307th In-
fantry. WG September 14, 1918.
Pokiandt, Charles W.— Pvt., Co. A, 502d Engineers.
Pokoenowski, Felix — Pvt., Co. I, 35th Infantry.
Polcyn, Michael — Pvt., Co. F, 16th Engineers.
Polino, Samuel— Pvt., 347th Infantry.
Polizzi, Frank— Pvt., Co. A, 147th Mach. Gun Bat'n.
Polinski, Louis— Pvt., Co. H, 135th Infantry.
Polito, Louis J. — Corp., Army Hospital 34.
Polito, Salvatore J.— Pvt., 64th Co., 153d Depot Brig.
Pollard, Howard J.— Pvt., Battery E, 334th Field Art.
Polley, Wm. L.— Ist-class Pvt., Co. D, 102d Eng. WA.
Cited.
Pollock, John B.— Pvt. WA.
Polneaszek, Andrew — 320th Aux. Remount Depot.
Polneaszek, Joseph S. — 9th Ordnance Supply Co.
Polonsky, Edward — Pvt., 62d Engineers.
Polowy, Ignatius E. — Sgt., Headquarters, N. C. O.
School, Sec. C.
Polowy, John — Pvt., Co. K, 51st Pioneer Infantry.
Polowy, Leon — Pvt., Co. C, 303d Ammunition Train.
Poltorok, Bruno— Pvt. WA.
Polterik, Erling— Pvt. WA September 26, 1918.
Pomara, Joseph L. — Pvt., Co. H, 162d Infantry.
U. S. Army
581
Pomerlean, Louis F. — Sgt., Headquarters, 304 Rgt.,
Engineer Corps.
Pomeroy, Hugh M.--Pvt., Co. A, 314th A. T.
Pomeroy, Walter J.— Pvt., Co. B, .S. A. T. C. (Camp
Henry. )
Pongrantz, Albert— Lieut., Co. B, 119th Infantry.
Poniewas, .Julius — Troop F, 15th Cavalry.
Ponteus, William — Pvt., Ordnance.
Pontius, William— Pvt., Co. D, 346th Infantry.
Pooley, William L. F.— Sgt., Co. I, 55th Pioneer Inf.
Pooley, William R.— Lieut. Col., 7th Infantry.
Pooke, Kenneth— Sapper, 256th Bn., C. E. F.
Popalisky, Alfred— Sgt., Co. C, 326th Infantry. WA
October 26, 1918.
Popiela, Anthony F. — Pvt.
Poplawski, Thomas — Pvt., Machine Gun Co., 346th Inf.
Poreella, Joseph — Pvt., Students' Army Train. Corps.
Porcher, Orlando — Pvt., Headquarters, 307th Inf. WA.
Porter, Elmer R.— Pvt., Co. G, 305th Mach. Gun Co.
Porter, James — Pvt., Canadian Royal Troop.
Porter, Preston B.— 1st Lieut., 302d Field Artillery.
Poss, Elmer L. — Corp., Co. M, 7th Infantry.
Post, Albert— Corp., Co. F, 319th Infantry.
Potenza, Donato— Pvt., 307th Infantry.
Potenza, Louis — Pvt., 59th Battalion, Engineers.
Potte, Allan B.— Pvt., M. Y. C.
Potter, Lars S. — 1st Lieut., 503d Ambulance Corps.
Potter, Milton G.— Sgt. Maj., Medical, Base Hosp. 8.
Potter, Warren J.— Sgt. WA.
Potter, Russell H., Jr. — 1st Lieut., Med. Corps, Am. Ser.
Potts, Frank N.— 1st Lieut., Medical Corps.
Potword, Stanley— Pvt., Co. I, 345th Infantry.
Potts, William J.— Pvt., Co. B, 342d Battalion.
Poulsen, Andrew N.— Sgt., Co. B, 5th A. A. M. G. B'n.
Powalski, Stanley S.— Pvt., Co. B, 347th Infantry.
Powandra, Frank J.— 3d Co., 62d Reg.
Powandra, James J.— Ist-class Pvt., Co. C, 339th Batt.
Powell, Joseph W., Jr.— 1st Lieut., 18th Co., 154th
Depot Brigade.
Power, James V. — Corp., Co. D, 302d Engineers.
Powers, Frank V. — Corp., Co. B, 302d Engineers.
Powers, Harold J.— Corp., 37th Co., M. J. B'n.
Powers, John J.— Pvt., Co. E, 325th Infantry.
Powers, Thos. B.— Pvt., Co. F, 312th Ammunition Tr.
Pralow, Edw. A.— Sgt., 337th F. A. R. T.
Pralow, William J.— Pvt., Co. C, 207th Infantry.
Pratt, Bert J.— Corp., Co. D, 7th Battalion.
Pratt, Harry F.— Pvt. WA.
Pratt, Jesse T.— 1st Lieut., A. S. A. P.
Pratt, John W. — 2d Lieut., Air Service.
Pratt, Lewis G. — Bugler, 24th Co., Depot Brigade,
Camp Devens.
Pratt, Stanley L. — Musician, Headquarters, 309th Inf.
Pratt, William G.— Corp., Co. D, 307th Engineers.
Pratt, William L.— Sgt., Motor Truck Co. 486th.
Pray, Alfred B.— Pvt., 27th Co., 152d Depot Brigade,
Camp Upton.
Prible, Julius J.— Pvt., 7th Co., 43d Field Artillery.
Price, Allan B. — Pvt., 108th Ambulance Corps.
Prejna, Egie J. — Headquarters, 89th Infantry.
Prels, Jacob J. — Pvt., Quartermaster Corps.
Prescott, Jos. R. — Bumkin Island, Boston.
Preston, Albert G. — Commissioned Officers' Tr. Sch.
Pressler, Warren — Lieut., Aviation.
Priebe, August— Pvt.,Co. B, 308th Inf.WG Aug.18, 1918.
Preisch, Herbert E. — 2d Lieut., 492d Aero Squadron.
Preist, William E.— Co. C, 331st Battalion, Tank Corps.
Preuss, Arnold E.— Pvt., Co. C, 6th Rgt., Camp Gordon.
Preuss, Edward — Pvt., 345th Infantry.
Price, Ronald N. — 731st Motor Transport Corps.
Prince, Warren — Sgt., Medical Department.
Pringle, George F. — Pvt., 90th Division.
Prior, William N. — Capt., 303d Ammunition Train.
Pritchard, John A. — Pvt., Quartermaster Corps.
Pritchard, Raymond C— Pvt., Co. H, 348th Infantry.
Probasco, Glenn N.— Pvt., Co. A, 364th Infantry.
Procopio, Giuseppe — Pvt., 153d Depot Brigade.
Proctor, Carlton C. — 2d Lieut., Air Service.
Proctor, Willis H. — 2d Lieut., 51st Aero Squadron.
Proell, Leo P. — Musician, Headquarters, 80th F. A.
Prost, Herman— Pvt., 334th Field Artillery.
Provino, Tony — Pvt., Co. B, 14th Ammunition Train.
Provoost, Harry W. — Pvt., Co. F, 2d Pioneer Infantry.
Provoost, John C. — 1st Lieut., Air Service.
Prrekwas, Joseph — Pvt., Co. D, Engineers.
Prus, Stanislaus — Pvt., 30th Co., 153d Depot Brigade.
Prusakowski, Edward — Pvt., Headquarters, 105th F. A.
Przemielewski, Vincent — Corp. WA
Przybowski, Paul — Pvt. WA.
Przybyl, Walter— Pvt., Co. B, 346th Infantry.
Ptaszynski, Anthony — Pvt., 41st Co. 6
Ptaszynski, Chester C. — Pvt., Co. L, 34ith Infantry.
Puckhaber, W. J.— Pvt., 153d Depot Brgade.
Puchaczewicz, Joachim — Pvt., 357th Aero Squadron.
Pullen, S. J. W.— WA.
Pulviso, Charles — Sgt., 1st Depot Battalion.
Punturiero, Frank — Pvt. WA.
Purcell, Harry E. — Co. I, 51st Pioneer Infantry.
Purdy, Ellwood D. — Lieut., Air Service.
Purke, George F. — Wagoner, Co. D, 308th Infantry.
Putbres, William J. — Sgt., Quartermaster Corps.
Putman, James H. — Ist-class Pvt., Co. K, 345th Inf.
Putnam, Roger W.— 2d Lieut., School of Fire, Fort Sill.
Putnam, Warren — Corp., Co. D, 311th Infantry. WA
October 19, 1918.
Putz, Edward — Pvt., Aeio Squadron "A".
Pyacki, Michael — Pvt. WA.
Pyne, Richard J. — Pvt., Headquarters, 345th Infantry.
Pyska, John — Pvt., 2d Engineers Train.
Pyszezynski, Stanley A. — Pvt., Co. A, Chemical War-
fare Service.
Pytlak, Louis — Pvt., Supply Co., 59th Pioneer Infantry.
Pytlewski, John F.— Ist-class Pvt., Co. H, 153d D. Brig.
Pyzikiewicz, John — Pvt., Co. H, 306th Infantry.
Quahl, Edwin E.— Pvt., Battery B, 1st Brig.,F. A. R. D.
Quander, Perry — Corp., August Replacement.
Quant, Harvey W.— Corp., Co. C, 20th Mach. Gun B'n.
Quant, James R. — Sgt., 95th Spruce Squadron.
Quatrine, Peter — Pvt., Depot Brigade.
Queen, John R. — 1st Sgt., 471st Construction Corps.
Quick, Maurice J.— Pvt., Co. K, 146th Infantry.
Quick, Harry O.— Corp., Co. G, 345th Infantry.
582
Buffalo's Part in the World War
Quigley, Charles E.— Pvt., Battery D, 27th F. A.
Quigley, John J. — Pvt., F. A. R. C. Unassigned.
Quigley, Charles E.— Pvt., Battery D, 27th F. A.
Quill, Edward J.— Pvt., 22d Balloon Co.
Quinn, Bertrand — Pvt., 47th Battalion, U. S. Guards.
Quinn, Charles A.— Pvt., S. A. T. C.
Quinn, Francis D. — Corp., Stevedores.
Quinn, John — Ist-class Pvt., Co. F, 14th. WA Decem-
ber 5, 1918.
Quinn, Patrick J.— Pvt., Co. B, 307th Infantry.
Quinn, Rodger R.— Pvt. WA.
Quinn, Thos. J. — Corp., Co. C, 12th Ammunition Tr.
Quinn, Thomas F.— Pvt., Co. E, 9th.
Quinn, Wni. R.— Pvt., 33d Engineers.
Quint, R. E.— Pvt., Co. C, 335th Machine Gun Batt'n.
Quirk, Jos. T.— 307th Machine Gun Battalion.
Raab, Edgar P.— Sgt., 3d Battery, F. A. R. R.
Rabel, Albert J. — Corp., Q. M. C, Motor Transport.
Race, Giuseppe — Pvt., Camp Dix.
Race. Wilfred E.— Sgt. Maj., Co. H, 309th Infantry.
Gassed, October 1918.
Race, Willfred E.— Corp. W.
Rachow, Arthur H.— Pvt., Co. M, 307th U. S. Infantry.
Racine, Fred N. — Pvt., Co. B, 51st Pioneers.
Racinowski, Stanley — Pvt. WA.
Racke, Charles A.— Pvt., Co. C, 308th Field Sig. Bat'n.
Racki, Charles G.— Pvt., Co. C, 335th Field Artillery.
Raczkowski, Joseph F. — Co. E, 347th Infantry.
Raczyk, Michael— Pvt., Battery F, 60th F. A.
Raczyk, Walter — Pvt., 3d Ordnance Camp, M. P.
Radamski, Bernard — Corp., 7th Infantry. WA Oc-
tober 6, 1918.
Radecki, Anthony— Pvt., Co. F, 345th Infantry.
Radecki, Joseph — Co. I, 59th Pioneers.
Radecki, Steve — Co. I, 59th Pioneers.
Radecki, W. — Pvt., Quartermaster Corps, Salvage Div.
Radel, Arthur J.— Sgt., Machine Gun Co., 311th Inf.
Rader, John J.— Pvt., Co. G, 61st Infantry. WA twice,
July 16, 1918, September 22, 1918.
Radice, Michael J. — Corp., Motor Transport Corps.
Radig, Bernard— Pvt., Co. I, 311th Infantry.
Radke, Karl— Sgt., 3d Co., Troop School.
Radke, Leo— Pvt., Battery E, 344th Field Artillery.
RadlofI, Alfred — Pvt., Quartermaster Corps, 311th Inf.
Radloff, Frederick J.— Pvt., 69th Battery, C. T. A.
Radner, Joseph F. — Sgt., Headquarters, 7th F. A.
Radominski, Boniface— Pvt., 306th Infantry. WA
September 1918.
Radonski, Bernard — Corp., Co. E, 7th Infantry. WA
October 6, 1918.
Radtke, Frank— Pvt., 90th Division.
Radtke, Paul— Corp. WA.
Radwanski, Walter— Corp., 18th Co., 5th Dep. B'n.
Raffarf, Mathias H.— Pvt., Co. B, 302d Engineers. G
& W August 30, 1918.
Rafl'auf, Mathias— Pvt. WA.
Rafferty, Carl— Pvt. WA May 18, 1918.
Raflerty, Charles F.— Corp., 311th Infantry. WA
November 1, 1918.
Rafter, Edward R.— Pvt., Co. C, 302d Engineers.
Ragazzo, Vito— Pvt., Co. B, 348th Infantry.
Rago, Patsey — Pvt., Co. B, G. S. Ordnance Depot.
Ragoven, Maurice— Pvt., Co. K, 316th U. S. Infantry.
Rahier, Timothy J. — 803d Stevedore Regiment.
Rahill, Dean T.— Pvt., Signal Corps.
Rahill, Edward J.— Pvt., Co. A, S. A. T. C.
Rainero, Matteo — Pvt., Co. B, 109th Engineers.
Rakowski, Adam — Pvt., 2d Co., 5th Battalion, Ord.
Rakowski, Casimer — Pvt., Co. K, 51st Infantry.
Rakowski, Martin — Pvt., Co. K, 51st Infantry.
Rail, George H.— Pvt., Co. A, 308th Maeh. Gun B'n.
Ralph, Edward J.— Cook. WA.
Roll, Sylvester L.— Pvt., Co. B, 310th Field Artillery.
Romey, John A.— Pvt., Co. A, 7th Machine Gun B'n.
Rammacher, William J. — Pvt., 318th Supply Train.
Ramming, Clarence H.— Pvt., Co. E, 414th Field Signal
Battalion.
Ramsburry, Frank S. — Pvt., Co. C, 14th Engineers.
WA October 1918.
Ramsdell, Harry T. — Corp., 340th Aero Squadron.
Ramsdell, L. M. — Cook, Quartermaster School Dep't.
Ramsdell, T. T., Jr.— 2d Lieut., 32d F. A., French Army
Ramson. Frank H. — Corp., Co. A, 210th Engineers.
Rand, Frank H.— Capt., Medical Co.
Randall, E. O.— Sgt., Tank Corps. WA.
Randall, Floyd C— Pvt. WA September 21, 1918.
Randall, William — Pvt., Coast Artillery Corps.
Randolph, Harold E. S.— Pvt., 93d Co., U. S. M. C,
7th Regiment.
Range, Irving— Pvt., S. A. T. C, Medical, (Yale).
Rannacher, William J.— 318th Supply, Q. M. C.
Ranedda, Giuseppe — Pvt. WA.
Ranney, Edward — 2d Lieut., 16th Engineers. WA
April 1918.
Ranney, George T.— Pvt., Base Hospital 23.
Ransler, Eager C— Pvt., Co. B, 344th Maeh. Gun B'n.
Ransom, Frank H.— Pvt., Co. A, 210th Engineers.
Ransom, Ord. J. — Student Officer, Officers' Material S.
Rapaport, Maurice — Pvt., 2d Co., C. A. C, Cape Fear.
Rapley, Leslie T.
Rapp, Edwin T. — Radio Electrician, Brooklyn Barracks.
Rapp, Harry D. — 2d Lieut., Motor Transport Corps.
Rappeport, Jacob L. — Pvt., Hdqrs., 59th Pioneers.
Raschkowski, Edward H.— Pvt., Co. C, 120th M. G. B'n.
Rasmus, Frank— Pvt., 4th Co., 12th Battalion.
Rasmus, Louis — Pvt., F. A. R. D., 2d Battalion.
Raspl, Christ J. — Pvt., Aviation Corps, San Diego Field.
Rasp, Simon R. — Pvt., 233d Aero Squadron, Fort Sam.
Houston, Te.xas.
Rast, Albert S. — Sgt., Motor Transport Corps.
Rast, Elmo V. — 1st Sgt., 21st Construction Co.
Rast, Robert R.— Sgt., Base Hospital 23.
Raszewski, Anthony — Pvt. WA.
Ratajczak, Chas. — Pvt. Ist-class, Co. A, 65th Engrs.
Ratajczak, Frank — Pvt., Camp Lee, Va.
Ratajczak, Sigmund — Pvt. Ist-class, Sec. C, Air Service
Rath, Edward C— Pvt., Co. C, 307th Infantry. WA
June 4, 1918.
Rathbun, Ira H.— WA.
Rathburin, Fred— Sgt., Headquarters Co., 162d Inf.
Rathfon, Paul W.— Pvt., 343d Co., U. S. Medical Corps.
Rathke, William H. — Master Mech., Aviation Corps.
U. S. Army
583
Rathje, Bruno H.— Pvt., Co. F, 102d Engineers.
Rathman, George L. — Pvt., Engineers.
Ratigan, Emmet V.— Pvt. WA.
Ratka, Stanley J.— Pvt., Co. D, 17th Engineers.
Rattigan, Emmet V.— Pvt., Headq'rs. G. Oct. 8, 1918.
Rattigan, James W. — 1st Sgt., Co. C, General Army
Headquarters.
Rauch, Joseph— Pvt., 52d Co., 7th Rgt., Coast Art. C'p.
Rauh, Lester— Pvt., 7th Field Artillery.
Rauh, Joseph — Pvt.
Rauth, John— Pvt., Co. C, 303d Engineers.
Rauth, Jacob L.— Pvt., Co. C.
Rawley, Michael F.— Pvt., Co. C, 346th Infantry.
Ray, Allen L.— Pvt., Co. K, 51st Pioneers. WA
November 11, 1918.
Ray, John P. — 1st Lieut., 303d Ammunition Train.
Raych, Bernard I. — Pvt., 34th Service Signal Batt'n.
Raymond, Arthur A.— Sgt., 47th Co., 153d Depot Brig.
Raymond, Harry S. — 1st Lieut., Ordnance Department.
Raymond, Harry — Pvt., Co. M, 347th Infantry.
Raymond, Herbert C— Pvt., Co. B, 14th B'n., Ord. D.
Raymond, Norman J. — Corp., Machine Gun, 2d Inf.
Raymond, Paul C— Pvt., Co. E, 303d Engineers.
Rayner, Charles— Pvt., Co. H, 345th Infantry.
Raynor, Arthur J. — Pvt., 1st Co., 25th Coast Art. C'ps.
Rozbarski, Andrew— Pvt., Battery D, 335th F. A.
Razbarski, Michael— Pvt., Co. E, 60th Infantry.
Razmiarek, Stanley — Pvt., 54th Army Service Corps.
Read, William R. — Pvt., 55th Division Signal Corps.
Reader, C. U. — Pvt., Headquarters, 306th Infantry.
Reap, Charles J.— Pvt., 10th Balloon.
Reardon, Cornelius F. — Pvt., Co. M, 59th Pioneers.
Reardon, Francis J. — Sgt., 304th Stevedores.
Reardon, Walter J.— Pvt., Battery E, 117th F. A.
Rebescher, Al. B. — Corp., 498th Aero Squadron.
Rebescher, B. — Sgt., 216th Engineers.
Rebhan, John G. — Corp., Chemical Warfare Service.
Reckenwalt, Raymond A. — Pvt.
Reclim, Chiistian J.— Corp., Co. C, 346th Infantry.
Reczek, Walter L. — Pvt., Co. A. Infantry.
Redlein, Leroy — Corp., Battery F, 34th Field Artillery.
Redlinski, A. — 5th Co., Postal Section, 2d Battalion.
Redlinski, S.— Pvt., Co. B, 34th Field Artillery.
Redman, John A.— Bugler, Co. M, 38th Infantry. WA
.July 1918.
Redmond, .John H.— Pvt., Co. C, 62d R. T. C.
Redmond, Patrick J.— Pvt. WA.
Reeb, Fred C— Pvt., Co. D, 306th Infantry.
Reeb, Joseph L.— Sgt., Co. B, 326th Infantry. W
October 14, 1918.
Reed, Harvey R. — Corp., Co. K, 51st Pioneers.
Reed, Herbert— Pvt., Base Hospital 23.
Reed, Horace W.— Pvt., Co. A, 343d Tank Corps.
Reed, Nelson O. — Pvt., Set. Service.
Reed, Richard C. — Pvt., Students' Army Train. Corps.
Reehling, Arthur— Pvt., 62d Field Artillery.
Reehling, Emil— Corp., Co. B, 312th Inf. WA Oct. 16.
Reese, Michael F.— Pvt., Co. D, 336th Field Artillery.
Regan, Arthur J. — Pvt., Students' Army Train. Corps.
Regan, Daniel J. — Pvt., 307th Ammunition Train.
Regan, Francis P. — Electrician, Aircraft Service.
Regan, George J. — Sgt., Quartermaster Corps.
Regan, John D.— Pvt., 65th Balloon Co.
Regan, Patrick D.— Pvt., Co. D, 59th Pioneers.
Regan, WiUiam J. — 2d Lieut.
Reger, Joseph— Pvt., Co. C, 307th Inf., 77th Div. WA.
Reger, Jacob E. — Corp., 479th Motor Transport Co.
Reger, William J. — Musician, Headquarters, 348th Inf.
Regers, Edward W. — Pvt., Motor Transport Corps.
Regester, Edmund — 2d Lieut., 165th Depot, Brig., Tex.
Rehm, Arthur C. — Wagoner, Supply, 307th Infantry.
Reich, William— Sgt., Battery E, 34th Field Artillery.
Reichert, Anthony H.— Pvt., 309th Infantry. WA
July 10, 1918.
Reichert, Sylvester— Pvt., Hdqrs., 60th Field Artillery.
Reichle, Albert H. — 1st Sgt., Camp .Jackson, Fla.
Reichold, Arthur — Pvt., Aviation.
Reid, G. C— Sgt., Co. A, Com. Officers' Train. School.
Reid, Harvey W.— Pvt., Co. E, 311th Infantry.
Reid, James W. — Wagoner, Co. C, 102d Amm. Train.
Reid, Robert H. — Corp., 27th Railway Trans. Corps.
Reidy, Martin J.— Corp., Co. H, 345th Infantry.
Reif, Allen F.— Lieut., Co. B, 63d Pioneers.
Reif, Carl J.— Pvt., Co. B, 65th Engineers.
Reif. Charles A. — Lieut., 1st Battalion. Camp Lewis.
Reif, John C— Pvt., Co. I, 308th Infantry.
Reiford, Chancey— Pvt., Co. L, 347th Infantry.
Reilly, George R.— Corp., Co. C, 303d Amm. Train.
Reiley, James McK. — Capt., Co. C, 311th Machine
Gun Battalion. WA September 29, 1918.
Reilly, Thomas E.— 2d Lieut., Co. C, 108th Infantry.
Reilly, William J.— Pvt., Batteiy F, 342d P. A.
Reiman, David F.— Pvt., Co. D, 302d Engineers.
Reiman, Ed. W.— Pvt., S. S.
Reimann, Benj. C. — 2d Lieut., A. S. A.
Reime, Frederick R. — Pvt., 1st Regt., Chem. War. Ser.
Reen, John— Pvt. WA.
Reich, Emil A.— Cook. WA.
Reich, Frank P.— Pvt. WA.
Reimers, Christ M.— Pvt., 307th Field Hospital.
Reindl, George — Co. D.
Reinhardt, Fred C— Pvt., Co. C, 306th Infantry.
Reinhardt, Fred J.— 301st M. R. S.
Reinhardt, Henry — Pvt., R. R. Transport Corps.
Reinhart, Peter F.— Pvt., 6th Training Battalion.
Reinhart, Richard M.— Bugler, S. A. T. C.
Reinhold, Henry C— Corp., Co. A, 308th Infantry.
WA September 23, 1918.
Reis, Arthur — Wagoner, Co. A, 302d Amm. Train.
Reis, Max— Bugler, Co. L, 309th Infantry. WA Oc-
tober 16, 1918.
Reisch, Isadore M.— Sgt., Co. A, 308th Mach. Gun B'n.
Reisel, Abner H.— Sgt., Co. C, 3d A. A. M. G. B'n.
Reisig, Arthur P. — Pvt., 1st Co., Coast Artillery Corps.
Reisig, Carl F.— Corp., Co. C, 37th Engineers. WA
November 2, 1918.
Reiss, Edwin F.— Pvt., Co. F, 4th Infantry.
Reister, George C. G. — Corp., Quartermaster Corps.
Reisweber, Alex. G. — Corp., 99th Co., Trans. Corps.
Reiter, John P.— Pvt., Co. C.
Reitmeier, Fred G.— Pvt., Co. M, 306th Infantry.
Reitter, Frank C— Pvt., Co. D, 11th Engineers. ,
584
Buffalo's Part in the World War
Reitz, Girard — Dispatcher, Headquarters, 104th Engrs.
Reitz, Philip L. — Wagoner, 102d Ammunition Train.
Rellinger, Charles H.— Pvt., Co. F, 1st Army Supply Tr.
Rembas, John — Pvt., Co. H, 306th Infantry.
Reming, Peter H.— Pvt., Co. C, 306th Infantry. WA
October 12, 1918.
Remington, Ray E.— Pvt., Co. F, 111th Infantry.
Remson, Maurice — Pvt., School Detachment.
Remus, Paul M.— Pvt., B. A., 34th Field Artillery.
Renaldo, Nichols— Pvt., U. S. Guards.
Rendzrerski, Casmer.
Rendzrerski, Max — Co. A, 3d Ammunition Train.
Renkauf, William J.— Pvt., 334th Field Artillery.
Rennagh, Harry G. — 1st Lieut., Co. I, 101st Infantry.
Gassed, October 1918.
Rennick, Lloyd — Pvt., 8th Co., 1st Road Regiment.
Renski, John J.— Pvt., Co. B, 311th Infantry. WA
September 26, 1918.
Rente, Harry W.— Sgt., Machine Gun Co., 309th In-
fantry. Gassed.
Rentschler, Charles W.— Sgt., Battery F, 34th F. A.
Renwick, A. — Sup. Sgt., Co. C, 12th Ammunition Tr.
Renwick, W. M. — Pvt., 87th Division Headquarters.
Renz, Carl L.— Pvt., Co. D, 502d Engineers.
Resler, Franklin G.— Pvt., Machine Gun Co., 306th Inf.
Reslow, Carl M.— Pvt., Co. D, 59th Pioneers.
Resnik, Charles — Pvt., 17th Detachment.
Restorff, Edwin Q.— Sgt., Co. B, 1st Battalion.
Reszka, Anthony — Pvt., Battery E, 14th Field Artillery.
Retell, Clemen ce— Pvt., Battery B, 311th F. A.
Retell, George— Pvt., Co. B, 302d Engineers.
Rettig, Otto— Pvt., Co. G, 364th Infantry.
Rettke, John F.— Pvt., Co. B, 18th Mach. Gun Bat'n.
Reu, Leonard — Capt., Medical Corps.
Reusch, William H.— Pvt., Co. A, 146th Mach. Gun Bn.
Reville, Raymond L. — Corp., Depot Brigade.
Reuss, Fred W.— Pvt., Co. A, 97th Infantry.
Rexin, Charles O.— Pvt., 23d Co., 6th Battalion.
Reynolds, David — Pvt., 56th Co., 153d Depot Brigade.
Reynolds, Earl E.— Pvt., Co. A, 112th Engineers.
Reynolds, E. M.— Corp., Military Police.
Reynolds, Reid — Pvt., 37th Infantry.
Rhodes, William H.— Pvt., Co. D, 311th Infantry.
Riagliano, Victor V. — Pvt., Co. A, 1st Infantry.
Rice, Harold D.— 2d Lieut., O. M. and D. S.
Rice, Howard D.— 2d Lieut., O. M. and R. S.
Rich, Henry A. — Battery B, 71st Field Artillery.
Rich, Louis F. — Pvt., Co. A, Military Police.
Rich, Robert — Pvt., Base Hospital Barracks 6.
Rich, Wm. H.— Pvt., 26th Co., 153d Depot Brigade.
Richards, George — Pvt., Co. E, 303d Engineers.
Richards, .John M. — Pvt., 77th Division Troop.
Richardson, Durston G. — 1st Lieut., Air Service.
Richardson, Gardner A. — Pvt., 437th Engineers.
Richardson, Paul B.— Sgt., Co. B, A. S. A. P. 1st Det.
Richardson, Roy A. — Pvt. WA.
Richardson, William K. — 312th Engineers, Med. Det.
Richert, Eugene— Pvt., Co. K, 311th Infantry. WA
October 1918.
Richert, George W.— Pvt., Co. C, U. S. G. Ord. 14th Bn.
Richter, Allen E.— Pvt., Co. A, S. A. T. C.
Richter, Alexander J.— Sgt., Co. D, 305th U. S. Inf.
Richter, E. E. — Pvt., Headquarters, 302d Engineers.
Richter, Lloyd W.— Pvt., Co. N, 21st Engineers.
Richter, Luzon W.— 1st Sgt., Mach. Gun, 54th Tr. B'n.
Richter, William— Pvt., Co. C, 78th Infantry.
Richthammer, A. C. — Pvt., Headquarters, 311th Inf.
Richthammer, J. A.— Sgt., Co. C, 36th Machine Gun
Battalion. WA twice, July, 1918.
Ricigliano, Dominic — Pvt., Battery F, 334th F. A.
Riciliano, Frank M. — Pvt., Headquarters, 1st L. B. M.
Ricigliano, Victor — Pvt. WA.
Ricigliano, John — 153d Depot Brigade.
Rick, Jacob— Pvt., Co. C, 311th Infantry.
Rick, Richard T. — 2d Lieut., West Point Academy.
Rickman, Frank— Pvt., Battery A, 335th F. A.
Ricotta, Charles J.— Pvt., S. A. T. C.
Ricotta, Joseph — Pvt., 326th Infantry.
Ricotta, Vincent L. — Pvt., 9th Depot Brigade.
Ridenaur, Arthur G. — Lieut., Camp Lee.
Reiblinger, John H. — Pvt., 84th Spruce Product Div.
Ridgeway, Alvin — Pvt. WA.
Riedel, Fred J.— Sgt., Bat. F, F. A. R. D. 7th Regt.
Riedel, John— Pvt., 2d Reg. F. A. R. D.
Riedel, Martin J.— Pvt., Co. G, 346th Infantry.
RiefFel, Orville R.— Cook, Headquarters, 309th Inf.
Rieford, Charles E.— Pvt., Co. F, 304th Amm. Train.
Rieford, Charles W.— Pvt., Co. L. 347th Infantry. WA
October, 1918.
Riegel, Edward J.— Pvt., 2d Co., 153d Depot Brigade.
Riegel, George B.--Pvt.
Riegel, Dwight— Sgt., Base Hospital 19.
Rieppel, George— Pvt., 5th Co., 303d.
Ries, Frank M.— Pvt., 306th Infantry. WA September
27, 1918.
Riester, Edw. F.— Pvt., 44th Co., 153d Depot Brigade.
Riesterholz, Walter A.— Pvt., Co. C. 58th F. A.
Riexinger, George A. — Signalman, Co. E, 403d Field
Signal Battalion.
Riexinger, Philip H. — 1st Co., Syracuse Record Camp.
Rigby, Howard E. — Corp., Air Service Det. 1st.
Riggo, Samuel — Pvt., Co. A, 48th Battalion.
Riley, Ed. M. — Sgt., Air Service.
Riley, .James Reg. — Pvt., Medical Detachment.
Riley, Wm. E.— Sgt., 306th Field Artillery.
Rimmer, William J.— Bugler, Co. E, 403d Field Signal
Battalion.
Ring, Arthur R. — Sgt., Quartermaster Corps.
Ring, Arthur C. — Mech., 311th Infantry.
Ring, Arthur L.— Q. M. C. Sgt., 430th Res. Labor B'n.
Ring, Dewitt T. — Sgt., 5th Service Signal Corps.
Ringleben, Willis— Pvt., Troop G, 3d Cavalry.
Ringer, Herbert B.— Pvt., Co. B, 312th Field Artillery.
Ringleben, George E. — Pvt. WA.
Rink, Henry— Corp., Co. E, 306th Infantry.
Riordan, Daniel J.— Pvt., Hdqrs. Co., F. A. R. D.
Riordon, Francis J.— Pvt., S. A. T. C.
Resch, Edwin H.— Pvt., 12th Co., 47th Depot Brigade.
Risch, William F.— Pvt., Co. A, 107th Supply Train.
Rischman, Edward — Lieut., 356th Aero Squadron.
Risman, S. H.— Pvt., Co. D, 307th Infantry. WA
September 6, 1918.
U. S. Army
585
Ritchell, John — Pvt., Machine Gun Co., 61st Infantry.
Riter, Edward W.— Pvt., Co. C, 335th Mach. Gun B'n.
Riter, Herbert E.— Pvt., Co. B, 303d Engineers.
Rittner, Arthur P.— Sgt. WA.
Rittman, Charles F.— Pvt., 21st Co., 6th Inf. Bat'n.
Rittman, Charles W.—Pvt., 21st Military Police.
Rittner, Herbert W.—Pvt., Troop C, 17th Cavalry.
Ritzel, Fred C— Sgt., Co. A, 54th Engineers.
Ritzel, Herman F.— Pvt., 24th Co., Batt. 6th.
Rivers, Harold — Pvt., Co. A, 54th Engineers.
Rix, Elmer G. — Pvt., 21st Co., Quartermaster Corps.
Rizzo, Carl P.— Pvt., Co. E, 426th Field Sig. Battalion.
Rizzo, Angelo — 8th Co., 153d Depot Brigade.
Rizzuto, Loreto— Pvt., Co. F, 50th Infantry. WA
July 21, 1918, Chateau Thierry.
Roach, Benson W.—Pvt., Co. D, 311th Infantry.
Roach, Leo G.— 1st Sgt., 805th Stevedores.
Robb, Marson S.— Pvt., S. A. T. C.
Robb, Walter B.— Maj., Infantry.
Robbins, B. J. — Corp., Co. D, 17th Battalion.
Robbins, Floyd N.— Pvt. WA.
Roberts, Elmer P.— Pvt., Post Office, Q. M. C.
Roberts, Eugene C. — Maj., Artillery.
Roberts, Fred W.— Sgt., Co. C, 21st Machine Gun B'n.
Roberts, John M.— Pvt., Co. D, 303d Amm. Train.
Roberts, Robert H.— Sgt. WA.
Roberts, Russell C— Pvt., Battery B, 310th F. A.
Roberts, Thomas P.— Corp., Co. D, 302d Engineers.
Gassed.
Roberts, William— Pvt., Co. C, 348th Infantry.
Robertson, Alexander R. — Major, Air Service.
Robertson, Albert— Pvt., Co. E, 2d U. S. Infantry.
Robertson, Albert— Sgt., A. E. F.
Robertson, Ralph K. — Capt., 55th Pioneers.
Robertson, Thomas J.— Pvt., Co. E, 302d Engineers.
GW August 18, 1918.
Robertson, William— Corp., Co. A, 318th Field Sig. B'n.
Robillard, Basil— Maj., 72d Infantry.
Robinson, David H.— Pvt., 24th Co., 2d Battalion.
Robinson, Elbridge L.— Pvt., 17th Co., 4th M. M. Aero
Squadron.
Robinson, John Raymond — 2d Lieut., Co. A, 13th Inf.
Robinson, Leslie F. — Capt., 40th Co., Central Officers'
Training School, Camp Lee, Va.
Robinson, Wells H. — Pvt., Am. Ambulance Corps.
Robinson, William J.— Pvt., Co. B, 3d Army, M. P.
Robinson, Norman E. — Pvt., Co. D, 309th Infantry.
Robinson, William H. — Pvt., Co. K, 51st Pioneer Inf.
Robson, Archibald C. — Instructor Sgt., Motor Trans-
port Corps. G May, 1918.
Robson, Robt. H., Jr.— Sgt., 302d Motor Trans. Corps.
Roche, Edward L. — Pvt., Students 'Army Train. Corps.
Roche, James V. — Sgt. Maj., 2d Army Headquarters.
Roche, William J. — Pvt.
Rochelle, Dumas W. — Bugler. WA.
Rochevot, Arthur J.— Pvt., Co. C, 303d Supply Train.
Rochester, Frank G.— Pvt., Co. E, 311th Infantry.
WA October 18, 1918.
Rochester, John L. — 2d Lieut., 25th Training Battalion.
Rochester, Thomas F. — 2d Lieut., 88th Aero Squadron.
Rocklin, Frederick M.— Pvt., 348th Infantry.
Rode, Arthur— Pvt., Co. E, 147th Infantry. W.
Rode, Robert T.— Pvt., Co. H, 345th Infantry.
Rodenhouse, Vivian — Pvt., Co. B, 303d Amm. Train.
Roderick, Charles F.— Corp., 129th Field Hospital.
Roderique, Edwin C— Lieut., Co. C, 334th Labor B'n.
Rodgers. Leom M.--Pvt., Ordnance Department.
Rodgers, Robert H.— Pvt., Battery C, 335th F. A.
Roe, George W.—Pvt., Co. C, 348th Infantry.
Roedel, Edwin H. — Corp., Co. M, 2d Infantry.
Roes, Albert C. — Pvt., Students' Army Training Corps.
Roess, Fred L.— Pvt., Co. C, 118th Engineers.
Roess, Louis A.— Sgt., Co. E, 422d Field Signal Bat'n.
Roessel, Charles W. — Pvt., 3d Co., 1st Infantry Casuals.
Roessler, Edward R.— Pvt., 61st Co., 153d Depot Brig.
Roessler, George H.— Pvt., Co. K, 307th Infantry. WA
September 14, 1918.
Rogalsky, Frederick W. — Lieut., 77th Division.
cited for bravery, Autrecourt, November 5, 1918.
Rogers, Frank E.— Corp., Co. E, 311th Infantry. WA.
September 14, 1918.
Rogers, Gilbert J. — Mech., 42d Machine Gun Battalion.
Rogers, Hartley — Cadet, Flying Corps.
Rogers, Herman— Corp., Co. C, 307th Field Sig. Bat'n.
Rogers, Howard— Pvt., Co. E, 156th Depot Brigade.
Rogowski, Frank D.— Pvt., Co. E, 306th Infantry.
Rogowski, Leonard J. — Co. A, 302d Engineers.
Rohde, George G.— Pvt., 10th Aero Con's.
Rohde, Theodore M. — Pvt., 20th Commissary Unit.
Rohe, Albert M.— Pvt., Supply, 6th Infantry.
Rohe, Frank R.— Pvt. WA.
Rohe, Walter L. — Pvt., Aviation.
Rohr. Matthew F.— Pvt., Co. E, 311th Infantry.
Rohemiller, William E.— Pvt., Co. A, 70th Engineers.
Rolf, William L.— Sgt., Hdqrs., 346th Labor Bat'n.
Roller, Carl C— Sgt., Co. B, 328th Infantry.
Cited for bravery. October 29, 1918.
Rollins, Edward— Pvt., Co. C, U. S. Guards, 31st B'n.
Roloff, John J.— Pvt., Co. E, 306th Infantry.
Roloff, Richard C— Pvt. WA.
Roma, Frank.
Romagnuola, Francesco — Co. H, 348th Infantry.
Romane, Carl A. — Pvt., Signal Corps.
Romanillo, Anthony — Pvt., Tank Corps.
Romane, Frank L. — Cadet, Squadron D, Aviation.
Romasser, Justin F. — Pvt., Students ' Army Tr. Corps.
Rombach, Frank C— Pvt., 10th Co., 152d Depot Brig.
Romel, Stanley — Corp. WA.
Rampalski, Felix— Pvt., 27th Co., 7th Train Brigade.
Romski, Albert B.— Pvt., Co. H, 348th Infantry.
Roneker, Fred— Pvt., 24th Co., 153d Depot Brigade.
Ronkowski, Charies J.— Co. A, P. W. E. WA August
1918.
Ronkowski, Edward E.— Pvt., S. A. T. C, (U. B.)
Ronkowski, Frank— Pvt., Co. B, R. B. T., 321st Unit.
Ronkowski, John D.— Pvt., Co. B, 13th B'n., U. S. G.
Ronkowski, Victor— Pvt., Co. B, 13th B'n., U. S. G.
Ronsch, Charles W. — Pvt., Headquarters, 327th Inf.
Roof, Elmer J.— Pvt., Co. B, 18th Infantry.
Rook, A. C— Pvt., Co. E, 112th Infantry.
Roose, Ernest— Pvt., Battery E, 334th Field Artillery.
Root, Robert K. — Capt., American Red Cross.
586
Buffalo's Part in the World War
Rorick, William J. — Pvt., 303d Ammunition Train.
Rooth, Charles W. — Capt., 807th Pioneer Infantry.
Rosar, Frank — Pvt., Co. D, 305th Machine Gun Bat-
talion. G September 12, 1918.
Rosatio, Gies— Pvt., Co. D, 308th Infantry. G .June
25, 1918.
Roscover, Alex. A. — Wagoner, Battery D, 50th F. A.
Rose, Charles— Pvt., Co. E, 347th Infantry.
Rose, Edmund W. — Coast Guards.
Rose, Edward T.— Pvt., Hdqrs., Camp Dix, Hdqrs. Co.
Rose, James L. — Corp., Co. C, 302d Engineers. WA
October 1, 1918.
Rose, John C— Corp., Battery B, 60th Field Artillery.
Rose, John V.— Pvt., Co. E, 347th Infantry.
Rose, Raymond A.— Pvt., Co. E, 311th U. S. Infantry.
Rose, Robert C, Jr. — Personnel Detachment, Adj. Gen.
Roseler. Edward P.~Corp., Co. F, 307th Infantry.
G November 4, 1918.
Rosemark, Joseph— Pvt. G September 18, 1918.
Rosemark, Joseph — Pvt. W.
Rosen, Maxwell M. — Pvt., Ordnance Replace. Unit.
Rosen, Louis — Sgt., Salvage, 17th Division.
Rosenberg, Dave — Pvt., Co. A, 1st Replace. Hdqrs.
Rosenberg, Myer— Pvt., 1st Prov., 308th M. S. Train.
Rosenbusch, Wm. P.— Pvt., Co. 9th, 156th Depot Brig.
Rosenhan, Harry G.— Pvt., Hdqrs., 38th Inf. G.
Rosenhan, Joseph H. — Pvt., Co. D, 312th Amm. Train.
Rosenik, Joseph — Pvt. WA.
Rosenkranz, Wm. C— Pvt., Battery B, 60th F. A.
Rosenthal, Joseph H. — Corp., Yale Student.
Rosenthal, Lawrence — Wagoner, 7th Ambulance Co.
Rosenthal, Walter L.— Pvt., Co. B, 302d Engineers.
Rosing, Louis — 1069th Hospital Corps.
Rosing, Max— Pvt., Co. G, 330th Infantry.
Roskopf, John J.— Sgt., Co. A, 36th Mach. Gun Bafn.
Rosner, Edward L.— Pvt. S. A. T. C, (Rensselaer).
Rosner, Joseph — Sgt., Hdqrs., 72d Coast Art. Corps.
Ross, A. — Pvt., Canadian Expeditionary Forces. WA.
Ross, Charles E.— Pvt., Battery D, 60th Field Artillery.
Ross, Clarence — Sgt., Supply, 309th Infantry.
Ross, Clarence— Sgt., Co. G, 309th Infantry.
Ross, Frank J.— Pvt., Co. C, 318th Engineers.
Ross, Lloyd G. — Corp., Co. D, 23d Engineers.
Ross, Thomas — Corp., Replacement Battalion 28th.
Rossel, Edward G.— 57th Photo Division. WA.
December 6, 1918.
Rosenberg, Dave — Pvt., Medical Supply Depot.
Roskopf, Andrew P. — Pvt., Battery A, 7th Regiment,
neld Artillery.
Raspenda, Stanislaus— Pvt., Co. B, 306th Infantry.
WA September 6, 1918.
Rospenda, Walter — Pvt., Co. G, 302d Ammunition
Train.
Rossie, William P. — Sgt., 55th Pioneers.
Rostankowski, Stanislaus — Pvt., Co. E, 116th Engin'rs.
Rostankowski, Stanislaus, — Pvt., Co. E, 204 th Engineers.
Rath, Edward C— Pvt., Co. C, 307th Infantry. WG.
June 4, 1918.
Roth, John Steven— Sgt., Squad G, Flying Dept.
Roth, Merrill W.— Pvt., 55th Transport Corps.
Roth, Robert — Ambulance Co.
Rothang, C. W.— Base Hospital 23.
Rothenbiller, Austin W.— Pvt., 335th Battalion, Tank
Corps.
Rother, Ernest J.— Pvt., Co. M, 347th Infantry.
Rothschild, Herman — Sgt., Co. I, Inf. Replacement.
Rotigliano, James V.— Pvt., Co. G, 334th F. A.
Rott, Herman, M.— Pvt., 420th Motor Trans. Corps.
Rowaska, John — Pvt. WA.
Rowe, Gordon — Lieut., Eagle No. 3.
Rowe, John W.— Pvt., Co. 67, 153d Depot Brigade
Rowe, Robert R. — 2d Lieut., Central Officers' Training
School, Camp Taylor.
Rowell, Arthur W.— Pvt., Co. N, 3d Chemical Batt'n.
Rowland, Clarence F. — Sgt., Camp Johnson.
Rowland, Charles M., Jr.— Pvt., U. S. G. N. A.
Rowland, Leo J. — Pvt., Aero Squadron, No. 2.
Rowland, William G.— Pvt., Co. A. G March 24, 1918.
Rowski, Louis— Pvt., Co. E, 311th Infantry.
Royce, George A. — Pvt., Quartermaster Corps.
Roykouff, Otto G.— Pvt., WA.
Rozymslowski, Wincenty — Pvt. WA.
Ruben, Isadore S.— Pvt., Co. A, S. A. T. C.
Ruby, Ben. F. — Pvt., Coast Artillery Corps.
Ruchser, Otto J.— Sgt., Co. C, 305th Field Artillery.
Rucki, John— Pvt., Co. B, 309th Infantry.
Ruckman, Frank A.— Pvt., Co. D, 414th Field Sig. Bat.
Ruda, Ladislaw — Pvt., 2d Infantry Replacement.
Rudd, Robert — Pvt., Quartemiaster Corps.
Ruddy, John F.— Pvt., Co. B, 348th Infantry.
Rudhard. James W.— Pvt., Co. C, 336th F. A.
Rudin, Edward B.— Pvt., Co. 6, 153d Depot Brigade.
Rudio. H. M>Ton— Corp., Co. A, 306th Field Artillery.
Rudnicki, Bronislaw — Pvt.
Rudnicki, John — Pvt.
Rudnicki, Louis— Pvt., Co. H, 348th Infantry.
Rudnik, John— Pvt., WA.
Rudolph, John H.— Pvt., 61st, 16th Battalion, 153d
Depot Brigade.
Rudolph, Leo J.— Pvt., Co. B, 334th Machine Gun B'n.
Rudy, Wasyl— Pvt., Co. L, 36th Infantry.
Rudzinski. Hypolet,— Pvt., Co. F, 304th Infantry.
Ruehl, Edward J.— Sgt., Co. E, 22d Engineers.
Ruff. Frederick T.— Pvt., Co. F, 12th Engineers.
Ruhland, John J.— Co. K, 50th Infantry.
Ruidlfesh, Fred Charles — Corp., Squadron F, Aerial
Gunnery School, Imperial Beach, California.
Ruik, Edward F.— Pvt., 135th Anti-Aircraft.
Rumfalo, Louis P. — Corp., Co. G, 345th Infantry.
Runinski, Michael J.— Corp., Co. F, 147th Infantry.
G September 19, 1918.
Runinski, Stephen— Pvt., Co. 46, 153d Depot Brigade.
Rummell, Clarence W.— Corp., Co. C, 346th Infantry.
Rummell, George J. — Storekeeper Supply Co., 318th
Infantry.
Rumsey, Dexter P. — Capt., Field Artillery.
Runckel, George D. — Sharpshooter Co. 2, U. S. Coast
Guards.
Rung, Raymond F.— Pvt., Co. A, S. A. T. C.
Rung, Rudolph, J. — Corp., Co, D, 302d Engineers.
WA August 24, 1918.
Rupport, Frank— Pvt., Co. L, 346th Infantry.
U. S. Army
587
Rupprecht, Leo J. — Ist-class Pvt., 312th Field Hospital.
Rusel<, Franlt— Pvt.,
Rusek, .Jolin— Pvt., Machine Gun, 346th Infantry.
Rusel^, .Joseph — Pvt., Aberdeen Proving Guards.
Rush, Charles L.— Corp., Co. E, 311th Infantry.
Rushnian, Frank G. — Chemical Warfare.
Rusinski, Louis J. — Unit 301, Ship Repair Shop.
Ruskiewicz, V. A. — Students' Army Training Corps.
Russ, Andrew E. — Pvt., Canadian Army.
Russ, Earl G. — Corp., Tank Corps.
Russell, Charles C— Corp., Co. D, 302d Engineers.
Russell, Edwin A. — Pvt., Headquarters, 602d Engin'rs.
Russell, Harry E.— Pvt., Co. M, 51st Infantry.
Russell, Robert W.— Pvt., Co. K, 19th Field Artillery.
Russo, Anthony — Pvt., Medical Corps.
Russo, .Joseph~Sgt., Co. C, 23d U. S. Infantry. G
June, 1918.
Russo, Silvio — Pvt., Co. 16th, 64th Company.
Rust, .lohn D. — Capt., Detach. Service.
Ruta, Blazej— Pvt. W.
Ruth, Edward .!.— Pvt., Battery D, 101st F. A.
Rutkpwski, Bronislaw — Pvt., Co. D, 1st Dept. Battal'n.
Rutter, Harry L. — 1st Sgt., Quartermasters Corps,
78th Division.
Rutterman, Otto J.— Pvt., Co. F, 327th Infantry.
Ryan, Bart F.— Pvt., Co. K, 348th Infantry.
Ryan, Edward — Cook, Co. H, 3d Training Engineers.
Ryan, Edwin J.— Pvt., U. S. C. G. Academy.
Ryan, Harry— Pvt., Co. B, 302d Engineers.
Ryan, .James J. — Corp., Co. A, 309th Infantry.
Ryan, .John J. — Pvt., Headquarters, 307th Infantry.
Ryan, John J. — Corp., Co. A, 303d Engineers.
Ryan, Joseph E. — Pvt., Co. 4, Aberdeen, Maryland.
Ryan, Louis P. — Sgt., Headquarters, 301st Stevedore
Regiment.
Ryan, Mark C. — Pvt., Camp Dix Medical Corps.
Ryan, Stephen V.— Corp., S. A. T. C.
Ryan, Thomas E.— Pvt., Battery B, 4th Field Artillery.
Ryan, Vincent T.— Pvt., S. A. T. C.
Ryan, Wilfred G.— Pvt., General Hospital 12.
Rybarczyk, Leo A.— Pvt., Co. C, 309th Infantry.
Rybarczyk, Michael F. — Pvt., 153d Depot Brigade.
Rybarczyk, Frank — Pvt., Co. A, Chemical Warfare
Service Gas Defense.
Rybarczyk, Stephen H.— Pvt., Co. C, 348th Infantry.
Rybecki, S. V.— Co. B, 315th Ambulance Train.
Rycombel, Wladyslaw — Pvt. WA.
Rydzewski, Walter~Pvt., Co. H, 326th Infantry. WA.
October 14, 1918.
Ryjczynski, John — Pvt., Co. I, 59th Infantry.
Rykert, Oscar A.— Pvt., 306th Machine Gun Battalion.
WA August 24, 1918.
Ryle, W. J.— Pvt., Battery C, 16th Field Artillery.
Ryle, Walter J.~Troop G, 7th Cavalry.
Ryngwakki, Edward — Pvt., Co. K, 30th Infantry.
Ryngwelski, Anthony — Pvt., WA.
Ryngwelski, Stanley— Pvt., Co. I, 78th Infantry.
Ryther, Gordon C. — Lieut., 44th Infantry.
Rzodkiewicz, Anthony — Pvt., Co. H, 311th Infantry.
Sabatino, Massino C. — Pvt., Co. E, 2d Rep.
Sabon. John— Pvt., 345th.
Sabota, Paul— Mess Sgt., Co. L, 309th Infantry. K.
Saccomagno, Bruno — Pvt., Co. G, 307th Infantry. WA
Saccomagno, Brune — Pvt. WA.
Sachowitz, Sam — WA.
Sachs, Leo M. — Lieut., Medical, 54th Infantry.
Saddler, .Joseph H. — Saddler, Co. D, 302d Engineers.
Sadlofsky, F. W.— Corp., Co. H, 311th Infantry.
Sadowski, Peter— Pvt., WA.
Saeli, Ignazio,— Pvt., Co. M, 348th Infantry.
Saffredo, Michael— Pvt., Headquarters, 906-312 San.
Train.
Sage, Arthur E.— Pvt., 304th Machine Gun Battalion.
Sambrotto, Remigildo — Co. L, 347th Infantry.
Samson, Walter L. — U. S. Proving Grounds.
Samulski,— Pvt., Headquarteis D, C. R. O. A. P. O. 902
Sandell, Frank M. — Capt., 50th Infantry.
Sander, John B.— Pvt. WA.
Sanders, George A. — Pvt., School Aeronautics.
Sanderson, Sidney — Pvt. WA.
Sandman, Norbert H. — Pvt., Headquarters Troop, 3d
Army Corps.
Sandman, Raymond J. — 1st Lieut., Dental Corps.
Sander, John N.— Pvt., Co. F, 147th Infantry. WA.
Sandner, Joseph — Quartermaster, Motor Group, Re-
claimation Division.
Sanetzke, Albert — Pvt., 312 Engineers Train.
Sanetzke, Joseph A.— Pvt., Co. E, 302 Am. Train.
Sanetzke, Maxwell — Pvt., Quartermaster Corps.
Sansone, Lawrence — Pvt., Co. M, 347th Infantry.
San Fellipe, Giuseppe — Pvt. WA.
Santes, George J.— Cook, Co. G, 309th Infantry. G.
Santowski, Brono — Utilities Camp Service.
Santowski, Wladyslaw — Pvt,. Camp Utilities.
Sapienza, Leonard A. — Pvt., Dental Co. No. 1.
Sapienza, Leonard L. — Medical Reserve Laboratory.
Sargent, William D. — Corp., Co. C, 346th Infantry.
Sarnowski, Frank — Pvt., 123 School Co., Machine Gun
School, Motor Transport Corps.
Saernowski, James B. — Pvt., Aviation Headquarters.
Sarnowski, Joseph B. — 1st Sgt., 1107 Aeronautical
Squad.
Sarnowski, Stanley — Pvt., 59th Pioneers Infantry.
Sartori, John — Pvt., 52d Infantry.
Saski, George— Pvt., Co. 7, 152 Depot Brigade.
Saner, Emil 0. — Pvt., Co. I, 2d Pioneer Infantry.
Sauer, Joseph — Pvt., Concentration Reclaimation Co.
Sanetz, Joseph — Mechanic, 302 Ammunition Train.
Satterfield, John M. — Major, Headquarters Air Ser-
vice, France.
Sauer, Alvin J. — Co. 6, Coast Guard Service.
Sauer, Charles— Pvt. WA.
Sauer, Irving J. — Pvt., 36th Field Artillery.
Saunders, Bernard G. — Pvt., Co. H, 345th Infantry.
Saunders, Cecil C. — Ist-class Fireman, Co. A, 19th
Regiment.
Saunders, Chester H.— Sgt., G, 309th Infantry. WA.
Saunders, Harold— Pvt., Co. B, 117th Field Signal Bat.
Saunders, Ivan R. — Sgt. WA.
Saunders, .Julius C— Pvt., Co. B, 64th Battalion.
Saunders, William A.— Pvt., Co. I, 90th Infantry.
Sauerer, Fay H. — Pvt., 313 Motor Supply Train.
588
Buffalo's Part in the World War
Sauter, Eugene G.— Sgt., Co. B, 309th Infantry. WA.
Sauter, George J.— Cook. WA.
Sauter, Joseph A. — Musician, Headquarters, 55th
Pioneer Infantry.
Sauter, Joseph L.— Pvt., Co. D, 25th Engineers.
Sautuch, Peter — Pvt., Machine Gun, 3.3d Infantry.
Savage, Henry~Pvt., V. S. Guard, 47th Battahon.
Savage, Thomas B. — 2d Lieut.
Savdales, Spews— Pvt., Co. C, 147th Infantry.
Savell, Andrew T.— Pvt., Co. H, 309th Infantry. WA.
Sawinslvi, Edward — Co. F, 3d Infantry.
Saxe, Ferdinand J. — Pvt., Co. 11, 153d Depot Brigade.
Saxer, John P. — Sgt., Co. 6, Replacement.
Scaffidi, Anthony— Pvt. WA.
Scanlon, Matthew J.— Pvt., Co. G, 303 Am. Train.
Scanlon, Michael — Pvt., Co. I, 21st Engineers.
Scanlon, Michael J.— Sgt., Co. A, 56th Field Artillery.
Scanlon, Thomas A. — Lieut., Infantry, R. C.
Scannell, John J.— Corp., Co. D, Machine Gun, 305th.
Scappichia, Donato — Pvt., Co. B, 348th Infantry.
Scarborough, Floris— Pvt., Co. E, 9th. WA.
Scarozzo, Luigi — Pvt.
Scarpace, Samuel— Pvt., Co. F, 307th.
Scarpello, Giuseppe — Co. E, 327th Infantry.
Scarpena, Joseph — Corp., Co. L, 347th Infantry.
Scateherd, Archie H.— Pvt., Co. 37, 153d Depot Brig.
Scatcherd, Meredith W. — Segt., 342 Aero Squadron.
Scelsi, Moirio — Pvt., Co. L, Mobile, 329th Infantry.
Schaab, Frank J.— Pvt., Co. 15, 152d Depot Brigade.
Schab, Nelson W.— Pvt., Co. G, 311th.
Schaefer, Arthur C. — Major, Sanitary Squad, No. 44.
Schaefer, Daniel J.— Pvt., 58th Canadian. WA.
Schaefer, George — Pvt., Machine Gun, 347 Infantry.
Schaefer, Frank A.— Pvt., Co. B, 334th Mach. Gun Bat.
Schaefer, Raymond G. — Pvt., Supply, 306th Infantry.
Schaefer, Frank J.— Pvt., Battery E, 345th F. A.
Schaefer, Chiistian— Pvt., Co. C, 302d Engineers.
Schaefer, Clarence B. — Lieut., 62d Pioneer Infantry.
Schaefer, Frederick E.— Pvt., Supply Train 428, 547
Motor Truck Co.
Schaefer, Henry— Pvt., Co. C, 148th Infantry.
Schaefer, Henry A.— Pvt., Co. F, 147th Infantry.
Schaefer, James L.— Pvt., Co. D, 148th Mach. Gun Bat.
Schaefer, Robert J.— Pvt., Co. F, 314th Infantry.
Schaefer, Wm. F.— Pvt., Co. B, 307th Infantry. WA.
Schaeffer, Daniel J.— Cook, Battery B, 13th F. A.
Schaertel, August J. — Mechanic, Mach. Gun, 309th Inf.
Schaetzer, Elmer— Corp., Co. B, 331 Tank Corps Batt'n
Schafer, Arthur O.— Chauffeur, Co. D, 3d Battalion
Military Police.
Schaefer, Everett C— Pvt., Battery D, 336th F A.
Schaefer, Howard E.— Pvt. WA.
Schaff, Victor W.— Pvt., Co. B, 13th Bat. U. S. Guards.
Schaffer, Daniel S.— Pvt., Co. B, 13th Field Aitillery.
Schaffner, Louis F. — Battery Sgt., Major Headquarters,
38th U. S. Infantry. WA.
Schalk, Carl F. — Wagoner, Headquarters, 302 Engin'rs.
Schalk, Edward H.— Pvt. WA.
Schamber, Harry G.— Pvt., Co. A, 65th Infantry.
Schamble, Fred— Pvt., Co. 69, Infantry.
Schaner. G. J.— Cook. Co. H. G.
Schauei, John J.— Pvt., Co. L, 302 G. M. Corps.
Schanz, William J.— Pvt., Headq'rs, 328th Inf. WA.
Schanzer, Samuel— Pvt., Co. A, S. A. T. C.
Schapp, Elmer Henry— Sgt., Co. C, 62d Pioneers Inf.
Schardt, Anthony J. — Headquarters Detachment,
Camp Gordon.
Schardt, John P. — 301 Stevedore Regiment.
Schardt, Peter F.— Pvt., Co. B, 311th Infantry.
Scharlan, Harry J. — Headquarters, Quartermasters
Corps, 1st Depot.
Scharre, Edward J. — Corp., Co. G, 345th Infantry.
Schauker, Meyer — 305th Infantry.
Schaumloeffel, Arthur C. — Corp., Co. G, Squadron.
Schebrowski, Albert J.
Scheely, Elmer H.— Corp., 26th 1st Division.
Scheerie, Charies— Pvt., P. W. E., 33d. GA.
Scheerle, Robert— Pvt., 29th Balloon Detachment.
Schell, Fred— Pvt., Co. C, 303d Ammunition Train.
Schellinger, Harold W.— Capt., 18th Depot Brigade.
Schell, Stephen— Pvt. WA.
Schell, Edward— Cook, Co. K, 7th Infantry. WA.
July 15, 1918.
Scheifflee, Henry— Pvt., Co. D, 303d Ammunition Tr'n.
Schenck, Edward J. — Pvt., Base Hospital 23.
Schenerb, Edwin W.— Pvt., Co. 12, 99th Division.
Scheoeck, Edward E. — Pvt., Battery A, 1st Priv. Brig.,
First Army Replacement Depot.
Scherer, Clarence E. — Pvt., Co. M, 1st Infantry Re-
placement Regiment.
Scher, William F.— Pvt., Co. L, 121st Infantry.
Schermerhorn, J. N. — Students' Army Training Corps.
Schemer, Oscar A. — Motor Transport, 487.
Scheuer, Dora — Base Hospital, 23.
Scheu, Walter J.— Pvt., Co. K, 7th Infantry.
Scheuch, Leo R. — Corp., Headquarters, 327th Infantry.
Scheuneman, Emil F.— Pvt., Co. C, 109th Machine
Gun Battalion.
Scheuneman, Wm. P. — Pvt., 38, 153d Depot Brigade.
Sehiavone, Michiali — Pvt.
Schiavone, Rous — Pvt., 325th Infantry.
Sehiavone, Santz — Pvt., Headquarters Co. 12th Inf.
Schick, George W.— Pvt., Co. L, 345th Inf., A. E. F.
Schick, Henry C— Pvt., Co. A, 502d Engineers' Bat'n.
Scheiber, Clarence C. — Pvt., Supply Co. , 40th Infantry
Scheible, Charles M. — Pvt., Quartermasters Corps.
Scheible, Michael C.
Schieder, George — Pvt., Medical Detachment, 347th
Infantry. Transport "Persic" was torpedoed
going over September 7. 1918.
Scheider, John — Pvt., Headquarters Co. 59th Pioneers.
Scheurie, Edwin— Pvt., 12th Co., W. A. D. T. C.
Schiefer, Jacob — Pvt., Co. B, .311th Infantry. Prisoner
of War.
Scheiffele, Henry F.— Pvt., Co. D, 303d Ammunition Tr.
Schieffer, Jacob — Pvt., Camp Rastatt, Prisoner.
Schiener, Walter F.— Ist-class Pvt., Co. C, 23d Eng.
Schierstein, Joseph — Sgt., Co. 16, Air Service, 3d Reg. M.
Schiesel, Matthew— Corp., Co. A, S.A.T.C, (Canisius).
Schiesel, William L.— Sgt., Co. C, 309th Infantry. WA.
Schefferie, Clayton F.— Pvt., 479th Motor Truck Co.
Schifferie, Joseph S.— Co. 8, 153d Depot Brigade.
U. S. Army
589
Schiffhauer, Leo E.— Pvt., Battery D, 310th F. A.
Sehiffhauer, Robert J. — Pvt., November Automatic
Replacement Draft, Tank No. 1.
Schiffmacher, Frank — Corp., Co. A, 302d Am. Train.
Schiffmacher, Richard— Pvt., Co. C, Tank Corps, 306.
Schiffmacher.William — Corp.,Headq'rs.Co., 308th Eng.
Schill, Edward H.— Pvt., Co. C, 325th Infantry.
Schilling, .Joseph G. — Sgt., Utility Quarteimaster Corps
Camp Dix.
Schilling, Joseph T.— Pvt., Headquarters, 335th F. A.
Schillo, Augustus C. — Sgt., Co. 36, Central Officers.
Training School.
Schimid, Christ — Pvt., Co. A, 2d Regiment, First Army
Replacement Depot.
Schirman, William J. — 1st Sgt., Co. 13, Quartermaster
Corps, Washington, D. C.
Schirmer, Anthony A.— Pvt., Co. B, 328th. WA.
Schlant, Edward B.— Lieut., 4th Bat. 153d Depot Brig.
Schlant, Norman S. — 243d Aero Squadron, Kelly Field.
Schlatzer, Louis— Corp., Co. A, 306th U. S. Infantry.
Sehleehauf, Louis A. — Pvt., Conservation and Reclam.
Schlegel, George E.— Corp., Co. H, 348th Infantry.
Schleidt, Albert M.— Pvt., Co. D, 305th.
Schlizer, John — 3d Field Artillery.
Schlenk, Charles W.— 307th Labor Battalion, Quarter-
master Corps.
Sehlenker, Arthur E.— Pvt., Base Hospital 89.
Schlenker, Edward— Pvt., Co. 61, 153d Depot Brigade.
Sehlenker, John C. — Pvt., Headquarters Co. 327th Inf.
Schlia, Frank A. — Sgt., Veterinary Corps.
Schlifke, August— Bugler, Battery F, 335th F. A.
Schlicht, George E. — Pvt., Machine Gun, 31 1th Infantry.
Schloerb, George W.
Schloetzer, Charles A.— Pvt., Battery C, 331st F. A.
Schloetzer, George — Bugler, Co. I, 3d Infantry.
Schloetzer, Henry L. — Pvt., Co. A, 1st Replacement
Regiment.
Schlosser, Frank W.— Pvt., Co. B, 346th Infantry.
Schlosser, Frederick R.— Corp., Battery D, 304th F. A.
Schlotterbeck, Charles— Pvt., Co. D, 27th Infantry.
Schlottman, Harold C— Co. B, 33d Battalion.
Schlotzer, Leo. A.— Corp., Co. A, 346th Infantry.
Schlotzer, Raymond J.— Pvt., Co. C, 326th Infantry.
Schlup, Walter— Pvt., Camp Dix.
Schmand, Edward C— Corp., 320th Tank Corps.
Schmandt, William— Pvt., Co. F, 34th— 87th Division.
Schneider, Edward— Pvt., Co. E, 312th Supply Train.
Schmeider, William E. — Sgt., Co. A, 55th Pioneers.
Schmid, Gustav W.— Pvt., Co. K, 307th Infantry.
Schmidbauer, John E. — Corp., Co. C, 302d Engineers.
Schmidt, Albert — Pvt., Co. A, 61st Railway Transport.
Schmidt, C— Pvt., Co. B, 62d Engineers.
Schmidt, Charles A. — Corp., Co. E, Military Police.
Schmidt, Elmer C. — Quartermaster Office.
Schmidt, Edward F.— Pvt., Co. 45, 153d Depot Brigade
Schmidt, Elmer R.— Pvt., Co. H, 307th Infantry.
Schmidt, George C— Pvt., Co. B, 23d Infantry.
Schmidt, George J.— Pvt. WA.
Schmidt, Hans, .Jr. — 1st Lieut., 6th Regiment, Battery
First Army Replacement Depot.
Schmidt, Henry— Pvt.,Co. D, S.A.T.C.,! Carnegie Tech. )
Schmidt, Henry G.- Pvt., Co. K, 51st Pioneers.
Schmidt, Henry G.— 1st Sgt., Co. B, U. S. Guards, 16th
Battalion.
Schmidt, Richard H. — Lieut., Army.
Schmidt, William F.— Pvt., 12 General Hospital.
Schmidt, Walter S.— Sgt., 14th Observation Bat. F, A. C.
Schmidt, William F. — Sgt., Army Hospital 8, Medical.
Schmidt, William A.— Corp., Co. H, 306th.
Schmidt, Paul J.— Pvt., Co. K, 132d Infantry.
Schmidt, Arthur W.— Corp., 115th Field Artillery.
Schmidt, John K.— 98th Balloon Co.
Schmit, Arnold— Pvt., Co. B, Barracks No. 113.
Sehmit, George^lst Sgt., Battery 1, 158th Signal,
1st Regiment.
Schmit, Robert M.— Pvt., 1103 Aero Replacement Sqd.
Schmitt, Carl N. E.— Pvt., Co. B, S. A. T. C.
Schmitt, Christian E.— Pvt., Co. E, 164th Inf., A. E. F.
Schmitt, Alfred H.— Co. H, 35th Field Artillery.
Schmitt, George A.— Pvt., Co. H, 345th.
Schmitt, Michael— Pvt., 153 Depot Brigade.
Schmitt, Peter J. — Pvt., Medical Corps.
Schmitt, Nicholas J.— Pvt., S. A. T. C.
Schmitt, Phillip J.— Pvt., Co. H, 348th Infantry.
Schmitt, William F.— Pvt., U. S. Medical Corps.
Schmitt, Max— Pvt., Co. D, 147th Infantry.
Schmitter, Anthony — Sgt., Quartermaster Corps.
Schmitz, Alexander — Pvt., Co. C, 302d Ammunition Tr.
Schmitz, Cyril L. — Sgt., 2d Provincial Regiment.
Schmitz, Elmer J. — Pvt., Motor Repair Shop, 301st
Motor Transport Corps.
Schmitz, Ralph A.— Pvt., Co. B, 4th Detachment.
Schmuckle, Charles— Pvt., Co. M, 348th Infantry.
Schmuckler, Morris L.— Pvt., S. A. T. C.
Schmucker, George S. — Pvt.
Schmurstine, Edward J. — Pvt., Co. B, 302d Engineers.
Schnaller, Frank — Co. H, 59th Pioneer Infantry.
Schnapp, George J.— Pvt., Mach. Gun, 311th Inf. WA.
Schnautz, William .J.— Pvt., Headq'rs. Co., 311th Inf.
Schneck, Enno A. H.— Pvt., Co. D, 303d Engineers.
Schneeberger, Peter— Pvt., Co. H, 326th Infantry. WA.
Schneggenburger, Alfred J. — Pvt. Missing.
Schneider, Alfred J. — 1st Sgt., Infantry, Syracuse, N. Y.
Schneider, Charles J. — Pvt., Ordnance Department,
Baltimore, Md.
Schneider, Elmer C— Corp., Battery F, 7th, 3d Brigade
Schneider, Frank — Pvt., Co. L, 3d Division. G.
Schneider, George — Pvt., Prisoner.
Schneider, George J.— Pvt., Co. F, 306th Infantry.
Schneider, Jacob — Medical Detachment, Cam]) Taylor.
Schneider, John C. — Pvt., Co. 57, Photo Division.
Schneider, .John F.— Pvt., Co. E, 605th Engineers.
Schneider, Leo — Corp., Co. F, 110th Infantry.
Schneider, Samuel T. — Corp., Machine Gun, 309th Inf.
Schneider, William J. — Pvt., Co. 4, Camp Wheeler.
Schnell, Hud.son R.— Pvt. WA.
Schneider, Edward J. — Corp., Machine Gun, 61st Inf.
Schneider, Fred W.— Pvt., Headquarters, 78th F. A.
Schneider, Frank— Pvt. WA.
Schneider, George — Pvt. WA.
Schneider, Jacob A.— Pvt., Co. A, 65th.
Schneider, John— Pvt., 12th Co. W, 157th Depot Brig.
590
BUFFALO'S Part in the World War
Schneider, William J.— Corp., Co. C, 303d.
Schneider, William J. — Co. B, 502d Service Battalion.
Schnell, Hudson R.— Corp., Co. K, 7th Infantry. WA.
Schnell, Ralph P.— Corp., Co. G, 325th Infantry.
Schnidt, Frederick C— Pvt., Co. L, 340th Infantry.
Schnitman, Nathaniel E. — Sgt., Air Service, 4th Detach.
Schnorr, Carl W.— Sgt., 35th Engineers.
Schnurstein, Edward J. — Pvt., Co. B, 302d Engineers.
Schober, Paul J. — Pvt., Co. D, 312d Ammunition Train.
Schober, William — Pvt., Battery A, Field Artillery.
Schuedel, Carl G.— Pvt., Co. A, 502.
Schoen, Alois C— 2d Lieut., Co. G, 47th Infantry.
Schoen, Charles F.— Pvt., Co. E, 303d Engineers.
Schoen, Max. A.— Pvt., Co. D, 20th Infantry.
Schoenborn, Fred W. — U. S. Aviation.
Schoenborn, Henry E.
Schoenborn, Robt. F.— Co. H, 311th Infantry. WA.
Schoenthol. Robt. A.— Co. I, 311th Infantry.
Schoening, Fred C— Pvt., Co. D, 303d Ammunition Tr.
Schopf, Raymond P. — Corp., Co. E, Telephone Batt'n.
Schoemann, Bernhardt F. — Pvt., Dental Corps, 3d Bat.
Schoettle, Joseph H. — Pvt., 311th Ambulance Corps.
Scholl, John J.— Sgt., 348th Infantry.
Schott, Alvin F.— Pvt., 1st Headq'rs, 153d Depot Brig.
Scholz, Arthur L.— Sgt., Co. F, 309th Infantry.
Schopf, Geo. J.— Lieut., Co. F, 309th Infantry. WA.
October 16, 1918.
Schott, Emil G.— Pvt., Co. I, 64th Infantry.
Schottin, August W. — Pvt., Co. A, 502d Engineers.
Schrader, Arthur J.— Pvt., Co. M, 4th Infantry. G.
October, 1918.
Schrader, Charles G.— Pvt., S. A. T. C. ( Canisius.)
Schrader, Cleo P. — Pvt., Aviation Service.
Schrader, Geo. C. — Pvt., 312th Ammunition Train.
Schrader, Thomas U.— Pvt., Co. C, 13th Battalion.
Schraft, William G.— Pvt., Co. D, 212th Engineers.
Schramka, Anthony J. — Pvt., Co. K, 51st Pioneer Inf.
Schranz, Edw, J. — Corp., Co. H, 311th Infantry.
Sehranz, Peter A.— Sgt., Co. D, 872d Squadron.
Schraven, Harry J. — Corp., Co. D, 302d Engineers.
Schreck, Fred M. — 7th Machine Gun Co.
Schreckenberger, Aloy V. — Pvt., Ambulance 306.
Schreider, Edmund C— Pvt., Co. F, 111th Infantry.
WA August 10, 1918.
Schreiber, Raymond J.— Pvt., Co. B, 309th Infantry.
G. twice. October 4, 1918.
Schreiber, Wm. C— Pvt., Co. C, 153d Depot Brigade.
Schreiner, Alvin F. — Pvt., Co. L, 15th Aviation Camp.
Schrems, Henry J.— Pvt., Co. L, 346th Infantry.
Schrimpton, Merrill — Corp., Co. L, 59th Pioneers.
Schrive, Leroy — Pvt., 153d Depot Brigade.
Schroeek, Edward — Pvt., Co. A, 156th Depot Brigade.
Schroeder, Arthur J.~Pvt., Co. D, 346th Infantry.
Schroeder, George — Pvt., Battery A, 3d Brigade.
Schroeder, Herman W. — Sgt., Headquarters.
Schroeder, John P.— Pvt., 18th Brigade, Field Artillery.
Schroeder, Louis — Mess Sgt., 24th Co., 153d Depot Brg.
Schroendler, Edward J. — Sgr. Maj., 33d Balloon.
Schroeppel, William R.— Corp., Co. B, 328th Infantry.
Schroer, Joseph G. — Wagoner, Evacuation Ambulance
Corps 17.
Schruefer, Charles — Co. F, 312th Ammunition Train.
Schroff, Charles — Pvt., Motor Corps, 110th Infantry.
Schruefer, John — Co. K, 7th Infantry.
Schubert, Fred T.— Sgt., Service Park Unit 382.
Schubert, Val.— Pvt., Co. I, 59th Pioneers.
Schubring, Albert— Pvt. WA.
Schuck, Fred — Gas Defense.
Schuck, Henry R. — Pvt., Co. A, 1st Depot Brigade.
Schueller, Charles W.— Pvt., 307th Medical Corps.
Schueller, Frederick E. — Corp., 328th Medical Corps.
Schugardt, Harry A. — Corp., Quartermaster Corps,
Transport Service.
Schuhmacher, William — Wagoner, Supply, 307th Inf.
Schueler, Henry P.— Pvt., Co. K.
Schuesler, James S. — Ordnance Casual Co. No. 1.
Schuessler, Gustave A. — Pvt., Headq'rs, 1 5th F. A.
Schnitter, Sylvester B. — 2d Lieut.. LTnassigned.
Schuldes, John — Pvt., Medical Corps, 83.
Schuldes, Charles F.— Pvt., Co. G, 345th Infantry.
Schuler, Christ W.— Pvt., Co. A, 348th Machine Gun
BattaHon.
Schuler, John— Sgt., Co. E, 309th Infantry. WA.
October, 1918.
Schulman, William L.— Lieut., 13th Co., 153d.
Schultz, Albert F.— Cook, Co. E, 309th Infantry. G.
October 5, 1918.
Schultz, Charles F.— Corp., Co. C, 7th Infantry. WA.
July 22, 1918.
Schultz, Edward C— Corp., Co. H, 307th.
Schultz, Elmer G.— Pvt., Co. M, 306th Infantry.
Schultz, Frank— Pvt., Co. G, 345th Infantry.
Schultz, Frank— Pvt. WA.
Schultz, Frank— Pvt.
Schulz, Erich— Pvt.
Schultz, Henry A.— Pvt., Co. M, 347th Infantry.
Schultz, Joseph — Pvt., 3d Co., Aviation.
Schultz, John F.— Pvt. W.
Schultz, Morris — Pvt., Co. D, Headquarters Battalion.
Schultz, Peter N.— Pvt., Co. H, 345th Infantry.
Schultz, Philip— Pvt., 305th Field Artillery.
Schultz, Walter L.— Pvt., Co. A, Tank Corps, 342d Bat.
Schultz, Edward J.— Pvt., Co. A, 302d Engineers.
Schultz, Frank F.— Co. F, 312th Supply Train.
Schultz, Henry W.— Co. D, U. S. Guards.
Schultz, Leo — Pvt. Wounded severely.
Schultz, Robert W.— Pvt., 106th Supply Train.
Schultz, Walter J.— Corp., Bakery 395th.
Schulz, Fred— Ch. Mech., 4th Co., Coast Artillery Cps.
Schulz, Henry— Pvt., Co. B, 18th Infantry. WA.
October 5.
Schumacher, John W.— Pvt., S. A. T. C.
Schumachei, Edward W.— Pvt., Machine Gun, 347th
Infantry.
Schuman, John E. — Pvt., Headquarters, 2d Army.
Schunke, Francis C— Pvt., Co. H, 306th Infantry.
WA October 14, 1918.
Schunke, Felix— Corp., 6th Co., 153d Depot Brigade.
Schunke, John L. — 2d Co. Medical Ordnance.
Schupp, Geo. J. — Pvt., Students' Army Training Corps.
Schuppenhaver, Charles F.— Pvt., Co. B, 347th Infany.
Schurgler, Charles — 1st Regiment.
U. S. Army
591
Schurr, David F.— Co. B, 5th.
Schuster, Anders G. — Pvt., Medical Corps.
Schusterbauer, Albert F. — 57th Coast Artillery.
Schutt, Frank— Co. A, 306th Infantry.
Schutt, Robert— Pvt., Co. E, 6th Ammunition Train.
Schwab, Ferdinand— Machinist, Supply Co., 309th Inf.
Schwab, Fred L. — Sgt., Quartermaster Corps.
Schwab, Herman — Corp., Camp Canteen 15.
Schwab, Joseph G. — 3d Co., 4th Motor Mechanics.
Schwab, William — Sgt., Headquarters, 55th Pioneers.
Schwagler, Fred L. — Sgt., 153d Depot Brig., Camp Dix.
Schwabel, Frank— Pvt., Field Hospital 346.
Schwabl, William F.— Sgt., 5th Co., M. R. S. M. T. C.
Unit 303.
Schwach, Leo— Pvt., Co. D, 147th Infantry.
Schwaller, Charles L. — Co. A, 31st Battalion.
Schwamle, Adam H.— Pvt., W.
Schrvan, Michael — Pvt., Remont Depot 307.
Schwartz, Adam— Pvt., Co. C, 309th Infantry.
Schwartz, Alfred C— Pvt., Co. C, 302d Engineers.
Schwartz, Clemens P. M. — Pvt., Headquarters, 5th
Training Battalion.
Schwartz, Edwin W.— Wagoner, Co. B, 302d Am.Train.
Schwartz, George— Pvt., Co. B, 336th Machine Gun
Battalion.
Schwartz, Jacob F. — Pvt., 22d Infantry.
Schwartz, Willis T. — Pvt., Quartermaster Corps, Base
Hospital 202.
Schwartzenburg, Edmund R. — Sgt., Base Hospital 23.
Schwarz, Charles C. — Pvt., 153d Depot Brigade.
Schwarz, Richard M.— Ist-class Pvt., Co. K, 345th Inf.
Schwarzatt, Joseph H. — Pvt., Co. M, 59th Pioneers Inf.
Schwarzatt, William — Pvt., 59th Pioneer Infantry.
Schweder, Henry — Battery A, 36th Field Artillery.
Schweitzer, Arthur — Pvt., Co. B, 81st Engineers.
Schweitzer, Frank — Base Hospital 19. Injured Septem-
ber 22, 1919.
Schweitzer, Phily— 305th Field Hospital.
Schweitzer, John — Pvt., Headquarters, 311th Infantry.
Schweitzer, Peter C— 31st Co., 153d Depot Brigade.
Schweizer, Andrew M. — Corp., Co. C, 302d Engineers.
Schweizer, Joseph A. — Wagoner, Co. A, 303d Ammu-
nition Train.
Schwenk, Michael A. — Pvt.
Schwend, Theodore H.— Corp., Co. E, 302d Engineers.
Schwender, August C. — Ist-class Pvt., Chemical War-
fare Service.
Schwendener, David — Pvt., Co. I, 345th Infantry.
Schwendener, Moses D. — Ist-class Pvt., Co. I, 345th Inf.
Schwender, Nicholas J. — Ist-class Pvt., Base Hospital
Unit 23.
Schwendler, Henry F.— Pvt., Co. B, 336th Machine
Gun Battery.
Schwenk, Herman — Ist-class Pvt., 5th Training Batt'n.
Schwert, Avery C— Pvt., Co. C, 348th Infantry.
Schwertjeger, Jacob F. — Pvt., Motor Corps, 38th Inf.
Schwier, John — Pvt., Unassigned.
Schwind, Claren A. — Pvt., Co. A, 7th Infantry.
Schwing, Eugene — Pvt., Co. C, 37th Engineers.
Schwinn, Frederick — Corp., Battery B, 34th F. A.
Schwach, Cyril E. — Plumber, Experiment Station.
Sciandria, Angelo— Pvt., Battery E, 59th F. A.
Scibette, Charles A.— Pvt., 66th Co., 5th 1st Battalion.
Scibetta, Charles— Pvt., Co. B, 348th Infantry.
Sciolino, Benedetto — Headquarters, 344th F. A.
Sciturro, Mike— Pvt., 48th Co., 12th Battalion.
Scocchera, Fred — Pvt., 42d Co., Depot Brigade Ord-
nance Department.
Scott, Royal D.— Pvt., Co. D, 53d Infantry.
Scott, Charles J.— Pvt., Co. H, 348th Infantry.
Scott, Harold V.— 1st Sgt., Co. D, 308th.
Scott, J. Stinson — 2d Lieut., Central Officers' Training
School 27.
Scrinshaw, Clifford A. — Pvt., Tank Corps.
Scrinshaw, Harold A. — Corp., Tank Corps.
Scully, Gerald — Pvt., Students' Army Training Corps.
Scudder, Harry D.— Pvt., 126th Infantry. WA.
Sczavinski, Raymond C— Pvt., Co. G, 307th. WA.
August 27, 1918.
Scully, John H.— Pvt., 305th Machine Gun Battalion.
WA September 25, 1918, Argonne.
Seabrook, William— Sgt., Co. D, S.A.T.C. (Wentworth.)
Seager, Samuel M.— Corp., Battery B, 307th Field
Artillery. WA September 28, 1918.
Seagrave, John — 305th Machine Gun Battalion.
Seamons, George A. — Pvt., Co. I, 311th Infantry.
Searle, Fred W.— 1st Lieut., Co. C, 7th Division.
Seaver, Ralph— Pvt., 342d Guard and Fire.
Sebastiano, Pasquale— Pvt., 308th Field Hospital, 302
Supply Train.
Sebastiano, Peter— Pvt., Battery A. 334th F. A.
Sedine, Frank.
Sedine, Joseph — Co. B, 311th Infantry. WA October
29,1918.
Seeberger, Charles— Pvt., Co. G, 311th Infantry.
Seeger, Edwin — Co. M, 348th Infantry.
Seeger, R. Glenn — Pvt., Co. C, 302 Engineers. Injured
October 2, 1918.
Seeber, Harry— Pvt., Co. E, 311th Infantry. WA.
Seelbaeh, Earl H. — Capt., Motor Transport Corps.
Seelbach, Theodore— Pvt., Camp Dix, 153d Depot Br.
Seemueller, Harold J. — Pvt., 153d Depot Brigade.
Seesman, Felix F.— Pvt., Co. C, 148th Infantry.
Schwier, John — Pvt., Unassigned, U. S. Infantry.
See, John, Jr.— Pvt. WA.
Seggis, Vito — Pvt., 153d Depot Brigade.
Seibert, Wilmer W.— Pvt. W.
Seile, Frederick M. — Corp., 326th Infantry. WA Sep-
tember 29.
Seib, George — Sgt., 7th Division Battery 2d.
Seibel, Henry — Motor Transport 727.
Seiber, John G.— Pvt. WA.
Seibert, Ed. W. — Corp., 4th Casual, 1st Provincial Reg.
Seibert, Edward J.— Sgt., Co. B, 309th Infantry.
Seibert, Elmer W. — Pvt., 311th Machine Gun.
Seibert, Elmer S. — Ist-class Sgt., Headq'rs, Air Service.
Seibert, William F. -Quartermaster Corps, Utilities
Department.
Seibold, Richard— Pvt., 14th Ala. Battery, F. A.
Seidel, Edward— Pvt., 838th Aero Squadron.
Seidenstucker, Fred H. C— Ist-class Pvt., Co. A, 147.
Seifert, George L. — Corp., 12th Co., Machine Gun Cen.
592
Buffalo's Part in the World War
SeifFert, John G.—Headquarters, 344th Brigade. G.
' October 27, 1918.
Seig, John R.— Pvt., Machine Gun, 305th U. S. Inf.
Seil, Amandus — Pvt., Quartermaster Corps.
Seiler, Eugene F. — Pvt., Co. M, 21st Engineers.
Seitz, Joseph F. — Pvt., Army Reserve Hospital.
Seitz, Francis A. — Pvt., 166th Depot Brigade.
Seitz, Milton H.— Sgt., 34th Co., C. O. T. S.
Seitz, Raymond H.— Corp., Co. H, 135th Infantry.
Sekuterski, Anthony — Pvt., Co. L, 305th. Injured,
September 6, 1918.
Selbert, Henry J.— 2d Sgt., 302d Aux. Remount Sta.
Seligman, Edward B.— Pvt, Co. A, S.A.T.C. (Cornell.)
Seligmann, William J. — Corp., Co. C, 37th Engineers.
Sell, Charles J.— Cook, 308th Machine Gun Battery.
Selle, Alexander T.— Pvt., Co. B, 339th Tank Corps.
Selleck, Laurence — 1st Lieut., 24th Aero Squadron.
Sellers, Charles J. — Pvt., Sup. Dep., Camp Wadsworth.
Selter, John A.— Pvt., Co. B, 346th Infantry.
Semfield, Henry^Pvt., Co. H, 306th Infantry. WA.
October 21, 1918, France.
Sempert, Frederick F. — Pvt. Wounded severely.
Sendker, Raymond W.— Sgt., Co. A, S. A. T. C.
Sengbusch. Herbert W. — Sgt., Headquarters, 328th.
Sennett, B. W.— Pvt., S. A. T. C. ( Canisius.)
Senno, August — Pvt., Base Hospital 216.
Servoss, Donald D.— Corp., 304th Battalion Tank Cps.
Servoss, Robert M. — Pvt., Headquarters, Machine Gun
Transport Corps.
Serach, William A. — Pvt., Construction 12.
Sergei, Courtland L.— Pvt., Battery E, 334th Field
Artillery, National Army.
Serino, James — Pvt., Battery E, 59th Regular F. A.
Serio, Peter— Corp., 382d Tank Corps.
Serlanda, Caci— Pvt., 312th Infantry.
Sernoflsky, David— 1st class Pvt., Co. C, 312d Field
Signal Battalion.
Serocki, Stephen— Pvt. WA.
Service, William P. — Electrician, U. S. Electrical Class
Co., Hampton Roads.
Setel, Edward — Pvt., Co. D, 3d Provincial Regiment.
Setel, Isador— Pvt., Battery E, 11th Field Artillery.
Setter, Cornelius— Pvt., S. A. T. C.
Severino, Amil — Pvt., Headquarters. 307th Infantry.
WA September 11, 1918.
Sexton, Floyd A.— Corp. WA May 14, 1918.
Seymour, Alfred S.— Pvt., Co. D, 308th M. G. Bn. W
St. Juvin, France.
Seymour, Norman J.— Pvt., Co. G, 309th.
Sezavinski, Raymond — Pvt. WA October 4. 1918.
Shabo, John— Pvt., Co. C, 320th Machine Gun Bat.
Shackleton, Horace E.— Sgt., S. A. T. C, (Cornell).
Shackman, Harold D.— Pvt.
Shackman, M. J. — Pvt., Engineers.
Shaefer, John— Pvt., Co. H, 74th.
Shaffer, Charles F. — Saddler, 23d Engineers, Wagon 5.
Shaffer, Howard L.— Pvt., Co. D, 102d Engineers. WA.
September 29, 1918.
Shalloe, Thomas — Corp.. Headquarters, 3d.
Shammon, James J. — Pvt., Co. C, 14th Army Trans-
portation. G April 18th.
Shammon, Thomas E. — Pvt., M. P. Detachment.
Shamon, Chauncey.
Shamrock, Roland E. — Pvt. Wounded.
Shanahan, Frank E.— Corp., Co. E, 311th Infantry.
Shanahan, William B.— Pvt., Co. F, 319th Engineers.
Shanahan, John J.— Pvt., S. A. T. C.
Shaner, John J. — 302d, Co. L, Quartermaster Corps,
Camp Merritt.
Shanley, Edward F. — Pvt., Air Service.
Shannon, Joseph — Pvt., 345th Infantry.
Shannon, Martin V. — Pvt., 305th Ambulance.
Shapero, Philip— 397th Casual Co.
Shapiro, Joseph — Pvt., Columbus Barracks.
Shapiro, Nathan — Pvt., Medical Co., 348th Infantry.
Sharp, Ernest J.— Pvt., 26th Battery, 7th.
Sharp, Edward A. — Major, Medical Co., Neurologist.
Sharp, Edward A. — Capt., Base Hospital 65. Doctor.
Sharp, Howard W.— Pvt., Co. I, 311th Infantry, 78th
Division Warfare Service, November 8th.
Sharp, Herbert M.— Sgt., X-Ray Department, U. S.
Hospital, Ft. Niagara.
Sharp, Marshall F. — Major, Quartermaster Corps, 42d
Division.
Sharp, Roy J.— Pvt., Co. A, 309th.
Sharpe, Arthur T. — Aviation and Wireless.
Sharpe, Wm. H. — Students' Army Training Corps.
Shaw, Charles D.— Capt., Battery C, 108th Artillery.
Shaw, E. H.— Pvt., 302d Supply Train.
Shaw, Horace W. — Lieut., 210th Engineers.
Shaw, J. Leonard — Lieut., B. H. 157.
Shaw, Reginald G.— Pvt., 41st Co., Central Officers'
Training School.
Shaw, Robert C— Pvt., Battery D, 307th F. A.
Shaw, William J.— Sgt., Co. D, 307th Infantry. WG.
September, 1918.
Shay, John F.— Pvt., 107th Ordnance Depot.
Shay, Roy R.— Pvt., Co. B, 48th Battalion.
Shea, Edward — Sgt., Students' Army Training Corps.
Shea, James S. — Corp., 302d Baking Co.
Shea, William V. — Pvt., Quartermaster Corps.
Shear, Norman W. — Pvt., Co. G, 5th Regiment.
Shea, Walter G.— Corp., Co. M, 307th Infantry.
Shearer, Harold J. — Corp., Base Hospital 19.
Shearer, M. E. — Major.
Cited.
Shedrick, Herbert B.— Sgt., Co. B, 40th Engineers.
Sheehan, Charles A. — Pvt., Motor Trans. Service 423.
Sheehan, Edw.— Pvt., Battery D, 78th Field Artillery.
Sheehan, Jeremiah J. — Pvt., Co. A, 309th Infantry.
Sheehan, Jeremiah — Pvt., Battery E, 335th F. A.
Sheehan, Michael E.— Pvt., Co. G, 346th Infantry.
Sheehan, Raymond J. — Pvt. WA.
Sheehan, Timothy— Pvt., Co. A, 304th Machine Gun
Battalion.
Sheehan, John J. — Pvt., Ordnance Repair Shop 1.
Sheehan, William F. — Pvt., Chemical Warfare Service.
Sheehan, Wm. F.— Pvt., Battery A, 342d Field Artillery.
Sheehan, Wm. M. — Madison Barracks.
Sheehan, William T. — Co. Headquarters, 131st Inf.
Sheehy, Thomas— Sgt., 11th Co., 4th Regiment.
Sheehy, Edw. J.— Pvt., Co. L. 147th Engineers.
U. S. Army
593
Shelberg, Howard F.— Pvt., 789th Motor Trans. Corps.
Sheldon, Burton K. — Lieut.
Shelgren, Olaf W.— Pvt., 75th Co., Syracuse Recruit C.
Shelford, William T.— Pvt., Medical Corps.
Shellon, Willis J.— Pvt., 68th Aero Squadron.
Shepard, Henry W. — Sgt., 447th Res. Labor Battalion.
Shepard, Frank R.— Pvt., Co. C, U. S. Guard.
Shepard, Harrison O.— Pvt., Co. B, S. A. T C.
Shepard, Irving A. — Corp., Co. I, 303d Engineers. WG.
July, 1918.
Sheppard, Alvin — Pvt., Co. E, 61st Infantry.
Sheppard, Donald C— Lieut., 328th Field Artillery.
Sheppard, William J. — Pvt., Motor Supply Train Unit
310.
Sheppard, Alvin — Pvt., Co. E, 61st Infantry.
Sherbriak, Frank— Pvt., Co. B, U. S. Guard.
Sheridan, Philip L.— Pvt., Machine Gun Co., 147th Inf.
Sherlock, Harrington C— Pvt., Co. H, 348th Infantry.
Sherlock, Robert J.— Pvt., Co. C, 302d Engineers.
Sherman, John F. — Pvt., 152d Depot Brigade.
Sherman, James W. — Pvt. WA.
Shero, Charles — Pvt.
Shero, Herbert W.— Pvt., Co. A, 319th Machine Gun
Battalion. WA.
Sheppard, Alvin — Pvt., Co. E, 61st Infantry.
Sherwood, Carlton M. — Pvt., Headquarters Troop,
78th Division.
Shields, Nelson N. — 152d Depot Brigade.
Shields, William F.— Pvt., Machine Gun Co., 348th.
Shill, Edmund S. — Sgt., Royal Canadian Engineers.
Shipman, Harold L.— Pvt. WA.
Awarded French Croix de Guerre with gilt star for extraordinary
courage.
Shipman, James W. — Pvt., Co. I, 345th Infantry.
Shoemaker, Henry W. — Sgt., Co. A, Officers' Training
Camp.
Shone, Walter G. — Corp, Base Hospital 23.
Shonts, Howard D. — Pvt., Air Service.
Shoop, Harry L. — Pvt., Medical Detachment.
Shopa, Frank— Pvt., Co. G, 345th Infantry.
Short, James E. — Lieut., Medical Corp.
Short, Warren L.— Corp., Co. B, S. A. T. C.
Shotmiller, Leo J. — Sgt.-Major, Detachment Head-
quarters, 78th Division.
Shourds, O. A. — Electrician, Battery 2, Coast Artillery.
Shrader, George C. — Pvt., 312d Ammunition Train.
Shrader, Thomas U.— Pvt., Co. C, 13th Battalion.
Shrimpton, Merrill W.— Corp., Co. L, 59th Pioneer Inf.
Shrive, Leroy — Pvt., 153d Depot Brigade.
Shufer, Arthur F.— Corp., Headquarters Co., 328th Inf.
Shuley, Hugh H. — Lieut., Sanitary Co., Medical supply
Depot.
Shuman, David— Pvt., Battery D, 334th F. A.
Shunke, Francis C— Pvt. WA October 14, 1918.
Sibbick, Albert J.— Pvt., Co. H, 102d Infantry.
Sibbick, Albert J.— Pvt., Co. A, 102d Infantry.
Sibbick, Fred G.— Pvt., Co. D, 307th Infantry.
Siehtenthal, Mathew A.— Pvt., Co. C, 59th Pioneers.
Sieber, Charles W.— Pvt.
Sieber, John G.— Corp., Co. H, 7th Infantrj-. WG.
August 10, 1918, October 14, 1918.
Siebert, Henry J.— Pvt., 316th Salvage Unit. W.
October, 1918.
Siebrecht, Albert— Pvt., Co. H, 326th Infantry. WG.
October 17, 1918.
Sieffer, Jacob— Pvt., Battery E, 334th Field Artillery.
Sieffert, John G. — Sgt., Headquarters Co., Tank Serv-
ice. WG October 26, 1918.
Siegel, Frank L.— Pvt., Co. A, 302d Engineers.
Siegel, William A.— Pvt., Co. H, 311th Infantry.
Siegrist, Clarence — Corp., Co. F, 61st Infantry. WG.
Siegrist, Earl A. — Lieut., Canadian Expeditionary
Forces. WA July, 1916, Somme.
Siegrist, Norman B. — Bandmaster, Pekin, China.
Siejak, Stanley P.— Pvt., Co. E, 302d Ammunition Tr.
Siejakowski, Casimer — Pvt., Headquarters Co., 18th R.
Sienko, Anthony — Co. D, 312d Ammunition Train.
Sieracki, Bernard V.— Sgt., Co. H, 325th Infantry.
Sieracki, Joseph — Pvt., Co. G, Ordnance Department.
Siffling, Philip G.— Pvt., Co. C, 312th Ammunition Tr.
Signorine, Frank — Pvt., 40th Co., 152d Depot Brigade.
Sikora, Joseph — Wagoner. WA.
Sikorski, Chester— Pvt. WA.
Sikorski, Henry— Pvt. WA.
Sikorski, Kazimierz A.— Ist-class Pvt., Co. K, 306th
Infantry. WG October 15, 1918.
Silberberg. Emanuel— Pvt., 307th Infantry. WA.
Silbert, Joseph — Lieut.
Silbert, Samuel B. — Lieut., Air Service.
Silberberg, Emanuel — Pvt. WA.
Silka, John— Pvt.
Sillaway, Charles— Pvt., Co. B, S. C. Signal Corps.
Siller, Charles— Pvt., Co. D, 306th Infantry.
Silverberg, Joseph A. — Wagoner, Co. C, 302d ammu-
nition Train.
Silverberg, Henry — Signal Corps.
Silverberg, William J. — Mechanic, 49th Co., Infantry
(Unassigned.)
Silverstein, Daniel— Pvt., Co. A, 106th Supply Train.
Silverthorne, Frederick W. — Pvt., 51st Training Batt'y-
Simcoe, Stephen — Sgt., Co. I, 75th Infantry.
Simmen, Charles — Pvt., 312th Trench Motor Battery.
Simmen, Hermann F. — Corp., Co. E, 325th Infantry.
WA September, 1918.
Simmermacher, Geo. A.— Sgt., S. A. T. C.
Simmons, Charles E. — Pvt., 63d Pion^r Infantry.
Simmons, Collier — Pvt., 63d Pioneer Infantry.
Simmon, Herman F. — Corp. WA.
Simmons, Frederick E. — Sgt., 342d Field Remount
Squadron.
Simon, Frank F.— Corp., Co. B, 333d Battalion.
Simon, Fred 0.— Pvt., Co. H, 348th Infantry.
Simon, John George — Pvt., Co. B, 346th Infantry.
Simoncelli, Valentine — Pvt. WA.
Simoneit, Henry A. — Sgt., Co. C, 55th Pioneers.
Simons, John — Pvt., Machine Gun Troop, 12th Cav.
Simons, H. H. — Capt., Av-iation Service.
Simonson, Bernard — Pvt., Headquarters Co., 57th F. A.
Sims, Leonard D.— Sgt., Co. A, 345th Batt'n Tank Crp.
Sinclair, John Thomas— Pvt., 378th Motor Trans. Crp.
Sinda, Stanley— Pvt., Co. B, 14th Battalion U. S. Grd.
Sindola, Carlo — Pvt., Co. A, 348th Infantry.
594
Buffalo's Part in the World War
Sindzmski, Nicholas A. — Fireman, 343d Fire Guards.
Sindzinski, Stephen— Pvt., Co. H, 59th Pioneer Inf.
Singleton, George — Pvt., Co. F, 63d Pioneers.
Sinicki, Julian — Pvt., Co. L, 348th Infantry.
Sinicki, Walter— Pvt., 65th Infantry.
Sippel, Edward A.— Pvt., Co. A, 306th Infantry. WA.
August 22, 1918.
Sipper, John G.— Pvt., Co. B, 346th Infantry.
Sirotte, Maurice H.— Sgt., Co. G, 307th Infantry.
Sisler, Clyde J. — Mechanic. WA.
Sisson, Earl L. — Sgt., Field Signal Corps.
Sisson, Elmer St. John— Sgt., Co. B, 303d MiHtary Pol.
Sisti, John R. — Candidate, 33d Central Officers' Train-
ing School.
Sitterle, Charles— Pvt., Co. H, 161st Infantry.
Siwinski, Joseph— Bugler, Co. G, 326th Infantry. WA.
January 27, 1917.
Sizeland, Clarence M. — Sgt., Co. K, 52d Pioneer Inf.
Sjoden, Gerhard W. — Quartermaster.
Skahen, John J.— Pvt., 807th Stevedores.
Skalski, Joseph— Pvt., 139th Field Artillery.
Skarin, Balder A. — Pvt., 5th Co., 5th Replacement Inf.
Skarupinski, Stenstane— Pvt., Co. F, 51st. WA May,
1918.
Skatbania, Frank— Pvt. WA.
Skinner, James E. — Pvt., Headquarters Co., 2d Army.
Skimer, John H.— Pvt., Battery C, 335th Field Artillery.
Sklepik, Max — Cook, 1st Cavalry.
Skoczylas, Frank— Pvt., Co. F, 346th Infantry.
Skoczalas, Thaddeus — Pvt., 42d Signal Corps.
Skokowski, Frank — Pvt., Gas Service.
Skomeczna, Stanley B. — Sgt., 7th Infantry.
SkowTon, Paul A.— Pvt., Machine Gun Co., 346th Inf.
Skowron, Theodore — Pvt., 26th Co., Colored Barracks.
Skowranski, Victor — Corp., Co. C, 302d Engineers.
Skowronski, Walter J.— Pvt., Battery B, 9th F. A.
Skrypezak, Wm. — Pvt., Quartermaster Corps.
Skummer, Frank— Pvt., Co. C, 302d Engineers.
Sk-wieralski, Anthony— Pvt., Battery B, 309th F. A.
Skwieralski, Vincent— Sgt., 20th Co., 157th Depot Brig.
Slaczak, Stanley L.— Corp., Co. H, 348th Infantry.
Slager, John— Pvt,. WA.
Slater, Raymond J. — Lieut., Ordnance Dept.
Slater, Thomas H. — Pvt., Army Transport Service.
Slattery, Francis M. — Pvt., Headquarters Co., 118 Eng.
Slattery, James E.— Bugler, Battery B, 61st F. A.
Slattery, Joseph Wm.— Pvt., Co. G, 311th Infantry.
Slattery, Joseph P.— Pvt., 2d Co., 302d Motor Trans.
Slaurak, John— Pvt., 512th Co., 423d M. C. T.
Slawiak, Anthony — Pvt., Co. I, 59th Pioneer Infantry.
Slawinski, Alexander— Pvt., 11th Co., 165th Depot B.
Slayton, Richard P.— Pvt., Co. E, 407th Field Signal B.
SlepowTonski, Wm. — Pvt. WA.
Slerierson, George F.— Pvt., Battery F, 334th F. A.
Slezak, Henry Y.— Wagoner, Co. C, 102d Am. Train.
Slick, Samuel — Pvt., Headquarters Co., 54th Regiment.
Sloan, Edw. J. — Sgt., Co. R, Aberdeen Proving Ground.
Sloebedman, William — Pvt., 5th San. Train.
Slohn, Allie E.— Sgt., Co. B, 319th Field Signal Bat.
Slomczewski — Corp., Radio Detachment.
Slomczewski, Boleslaus — Corp., Polish Army.
Slomczewska, Teddy — Pvt., Polish Army.
Slotman, Chester L. — Pvt., Quartermaster Corps.
Slotman, Walter H.— Pvt., Headquarters Co., 18th Inf.
WA May 4, 1918.
Slowik, Joseph— Pvt., Co. H, 348th Infantry.
Slownk, John— Pvt., Battery D, 35th Field Artillery.
Slowik, Stanley— Pvt., Co. I, 345th Infantry.
Slozak, Joseph — Pvt., 8th Co., 2d Receiving Battalion.
Smades, Harry H.— Sgt., Co. A, 345th Battalion Tank
Corps.
Smades, Harvey H. — Sgt., Tank Corps.
Small, Henry— Pvt., Co. M, 31st.
Smallenberg, Mason C— Pvt., Co. F, 304th Am. Train.
Smario, Ralph— Pvt., 4th Co., 1st Battle M. T.
Snelli, James A. — Cook, Co. L, 58th Pioneers.
Smelts, Joseph E.— Sgt., Co. D, 311th Infantry.
Smikiel, John— Pvt. WA August 23, 1918.
Smith, Allan — Sapper, Co. D, Canadian Engineers.
Smith, Allah H.— Pvt., Co. A, 106th Infantry.
Smith, A. J., Dr. — Lieut., Base Hospital.
Smith, Archie H.— Pvt., Co. C, 318th Engineers.
Smith, Carl H.— Hospital School.
Smith, Charles— Pvt., 32d Co., 153d Depot Brigade.
Smith, Charles E.— Pvt., Co. L, Motor Truck.
Smith, Charles E.— Pvt., 24th Trench Motor Battery.
Smith, Chas. G.— Pvt.
Smith, Charles J.— Pvt., 17th Co., 157th Depot Brig.
Smith, Chester H.— Pvt., Co. G, 5th Infantry.
Smith, Clarence— Pvt., Co. B, 302d Engineers.
Smith, Clifford P.— Sgt., 62d Corps, 13th Grand Div.
Transport Corps.
Smith, Cyril— Pvt., Co. H, 348th Infantry.
Smith, Denver B. — Chauffeur, 400th Aero Squadron.
Smith, Donald C— Pvt. WA.
Smith, Edward— Corp., Co. G, 306th Infantry. Pris-
oner in Germany.
Smith, Edward E.— Pvt., Co. M, 348th Infantry.
Smith, Edward J.— Pvt., 348th Infantry.
Smith, Elmer C— Pvt., Co. D, 311th Infantrj-. WA.
September 23, 1918.
Smith, Elmer E.— Pvt., Co. A, 302d Engineers.
Smith, Eugene G.— Pvt., 303d Engineer Train.
Smith, Frank W.— Pvt., Co. B, 324th Infantry. Pris-
oner, Germany.
Smith, Frank Wm. E. — Pvt., Headquarters Co., Unas.
Smith, Franklin E. — Pvt., Squadron 5, Aviation. WA.
September 3, 1918.
Smith, Frederick W.— Pvt., Co. E, 347th Infantry.
Smith, George E.— Pvt., Battery C, 104th F. A.
Smith, George E.— Pvt., Co. D, Welding School.
Smith, George H. — Sgt., 2d Aviation Mechanics Rej.
Smith, George T.— Pvt., Co. C, 15th Machine Gun Bn.
Smith, Gilbert — Pvt., Co. F, First Army Replacement
Depot.
Smith, Gordon F.— Sgt.
Smith, Gust C— Pvt., Co. A, 347th Infantry.
Smith, Hanley M.— Pvt., Battery F, 36th F. A.
Smith, Harmon J. — Central Officers' Training School.
Smith, Harold L.— Pvt. WA.
Smith, Harold — Sapper, Co. D, Canadian Engineers.
Smith, Harold A.— Sgt., 12th Co., 152d Depot Brigade.
U. S. Army
595
Smith, Harold N.— Pvt., Co. H, 118th Engineers.
Smith, Harry— Pvt., Co. F, 329th Infantry.
Smith, Harry — Pvt., Co. A, 62d Engineers.
Smith, Harry J. — Pvt., 4th Co., Overseas Convalescent
Detachment.
Smith, Harold L.— Pvt. WA.
Smith, Henry L. — Cook.
Smith, Herbert— Pvt., Co. B, U. S. Guard.
Smith, Hiram G.— Pvt., Co. C, 64th Infantry.
Smith, Howard G. E.— Officer Candidate, F. A. O. T. S.,
Camp Zachary Taylor.
Smith, Irving P. — 74th Squadron.
Smith, .lames Edward— Pvt., Co. K, 307th Infantry.
Smith, James L. — Corp., Quartermaster Supply.
Smith, James M. — Corp., Headq'rs Troop, 79th Div.
Smith, James P. — Cook, 19th Engineers.
Smith, James W.— Pvt., Co. D, 339th Machine Gun Bn.
Smith, James W. — Medical Corps.
Smith, John — Wagoner, Supply Co., 306th Infantry.
Smith, John— Pvt., 406th Co., Motor Transport.
Smith, John Andrew — Corp., Machine Gun Co., 309th
Infantry.
Smith, John H.— Pvt.
Smith, John J. — Sgt., Quartermaster Corps.
Smith, John Martin — Pvt., Co. C, Engineers.
Smith, John P. — Pvt., Chemical Warfare Service.
Smith, John William— Pvt.
Smith, Joseph — Base Hospital 98.
Smith, Joseph C. — Mechanic, Co. B, Tank Corps.
Smith, Joseph P.— Sgt. Major, C. E. F.
Smith, Lawrence L. — Pvt., Sec. B, U. S. Ambulance S.
Smith, Leo G. —
Smith, Leo V.— Sgt., Can. Army. WA 1916 and 1917.
Smith, Leslie E. — Corp., 675th Aero Squadron.
Smith, Martin— Sgt. WA.
Smith, Maurice L.— Pvt., Co. E, 45th Infantry.
Smith, Nelvin E.— Pvt., Battery A, 7th Field Artillery.
Smith, Newton D. — Candidate, Central Officers'
Training School.
Smith, Nicholas — Pvt., Co. G, 303d Ammunition Train.
Smith, Nicholas J.— Pvt., Co. E, 303d Ammunition Tr.
Smith, Paul M.— Pvt., Co. F, 319th Engineers.
Smith, Raymond C— Pvt., Co. B, 303d Am. Train.
Smith, Robert Frank— Corp., Co. H, 7th Infantry.
WA May 5, 1918, July 20, 1918.
Smith, Selby G.— Pvt., Ordnance Dept.
Smith, Sigmund— Sgt. WA.
Smith, Sutherland W.— Lieut., Co. G, 309th Infantry.
WG October, 1918.
Smith, Theodore A.— Pvt., Co. B, 335th Field Artillery.
Smith, Thomas J. — Sapper, Canadian Engineers.
Smith, Walter J.— Pvt., 374th M. T. D. Reserve.
Smith, Walter H.— 2d Lieut., 413th Field Signal Battn.
Smith, Walter S.— Lieut., Co. G, 309th Infantry. WG.
October, 1918.
Smith, William E.— Pvt., Co. D. L. R., 12th Engineers.
Smith, William F.— Sgt. WA.
Smith, William H.— Pvt., Co. E, 147th Infantry.
Smith, William H.— Pvt. WA.
Smith, Wm. J., Dr. — Lieut., Base Hospital. Camp
McClellan.
Smith, William J.— Pvt., Machine Gun Co., 162d Inf.
Smith, W. J. — Pvt., Students' Army Training Corps.
Smith, William N.— Pvt., Co. H, 347th Infantry.
Smith, William S.— Pvt., Co. D, 302d Engineers. WG.
August, 1918.
Smith, Windsor — Lieut., Machine Gun Battalion. WA.
October 15, 1918.
Smithmeyer, John J. — Corp.
Smyczynski, Harry E. — Pvt., 1st Infantry.
Smyczynski, Stephen E. — Pvt., Mobile Hospital Unit
100.
Smyth, Arthur C. — Lieut., 165th Depot Brigade.
Smyth, Edward— Corp. WA.
Smyth, Robert M.— Pvt., Base Hospital 23.
Smyth, Raymond C. — Pvt., 303d Ammunition Train.
Snell, Burton M.— Pvt., 336th Ambulance.
Snell, Roscoe — Pvt., Co. A, 8th Canadian Reserve.
WA June, 1918.
Sniegowski, Michael — Pvt., Machine Gun Co., 348th I.
Snagura, Stanley— Pvt., Battery A, 320th F. A.
Snapko, John— Pvt., Co. H, 306th Infantry. WA.
October, 1918.
Snusz, Bernard G.— Pvt., 170th Co., 14th Regiment.
Snusz, Joseph L.— Pvt., 328th Infantry.
Snuszka, John F. — Pvt., 347th Infantry.
Snyder, Alfred— Pvt., Battery C, 331st Tank Corps.
Snyder, August J.— Pvt., Co. F, 306th Infantry. WG.
August 26, 1918.
Snyder, Bernard C. — Sgt., 5th Co., Air Service Sig. Crp.
Snyder, Elmer W.— Pvt., 10th Co., Personnel Colum-
bus Barracks.
Snyder, Fred P.— Pvt., Co. A, 347th Infantry.
Snyder, Louis — Pvt., Co. D, 307th Infantry. Prisoner,
Germany.
Snyder, Oscar — Pvt. WA.
Sobcki, Stanley — Pvt., Co. I, 59th Pioneer Infantry.
Sobczak, Baltazer— Pvt., Co. B, 345th Infantry. WA.
October 17, 1918.
Sobczak, Kaziminz — Mechanic, Co. C, 306th Infantry.
Sobiecki, Max — Pvt., Headquarters Co., 346th Inf.
Sobisch, Charles — Pvt.
Sobilo, Ludwig— Pvt. WA October 21, 1918.
Sobkowiak, Frank A.— Pvt., Co. I, 59th Pioneer Inf.
Sobkowiak, John Jr. — Pvt., Co. D, 315th Infantry.
Sobon, John— Pvt., Co. I, 345th Infantry.
Solhnlein, Charles— Pvt., Co. B, 345th Infantry.
Sojka, John — Pvt.
Sokolowski, Florian L.— Pvt., Co. F, 2d P. R.
Soldwedel, Edward G.— Pvt., Co. 3, Quartermaster
Corps.
Soldwedel, Frederick C— Pvt., 293d Co., Aero Squadn.
Solecki, Anthony— Pvt., Co. H, 348th Infantry.
Solkowiak, Joseph A. — Pvt., Battery B, 9th.
Sommerfelt, Michael W.— Pvt., Co. E, 311th Infantry.
Sommersdorf, Otto F.— Pvt., Co. F, 312th Am. Train.
Sonnenberg, John— Corp., Co. I, 61st Infantry.
Sonnenberg, Leo — Pvt., Battery E, 2d First Army Re-
placement Depot.
Soponski, Joseph — Co. D, 60th Infantry.
Sorg, Daniel R.— Pvt., Battery E, 8th Field Artillery.
WA September 8, 1918.
596
Buffalo's Part in the World War
Sornborger, Edwin L. — Pvt., Aviation Corps.
Sorrentino, James — Sgt., Co. A, 70th Engineers.
Sosnowski, John— Co. G, 339th Inf. WA May 1,1918.
Soulie, Charles A.— Pvt., 20th Co., 152d Depot Brig.
Souter, John— Pvt., F. A. B. F. C.
Southworth, Chester W.— Wagoner, Co. B, 302d Am-
munition Train.
Sovis, John— Pvt. WA October, 1918.
Sowersby, Harry T. — Pvt., Co. G, 56th Engineers.
Spachmann, E. A. — Sgt., Order School, Order Dept.
Spahn, Joseph J.— Pvt., Co. C, 303d Ammunition Tr.
Spang, Allen A. — Sgt. Major, Headquarters Co., Repl.
Spang, Theodore C— Pvt., Co. B, 8th Separate Bat.
Spangler, Wellington A.— Sgt., Co. D, 309th Infantry.
WA October 1, 1918.
Sparacino, Jos — Pvt., 478th Co., Motor Train.
Sparcino, Russell J. — Pvt., 345th Machine Gun Co.
Spaulding, Chas. M.— Sgt., 6th Co., S. A. T. C.
Spaulding, Gordon O. — Lieut., Signal Service.
Spaulding, Mark C— Sgt., Co. D, 306th Machine Gun
Battahon.
Spaeth, Edmund B., Dr. — Lieut.
Spawton, Fred W.— Pvt., 785th Co., Motor Transport
Corps.
Speck, Raymond J. — Pvt., Headquarters Co., 341st Inf.
Speich, Geo. F.— Corp., Co. K, 307th Infantry. WA.
September, 1918.
Speidel, Carl J.— Pvt. WA.
Spann, John S.— Pvt., Co. E, 311th Infantry.
Spearing, Lloyd W. — Pvt., Battery C, Heavy F. A.
Spears, John H.— Pvt. WA.
Speed, James — Pvt. WA.
Speekt, George J. — Cook, Headquarters Co., Central
Officers' Training School.
Speeht, Peter J. — Cook, Camp Dix.
Speicher, Chas. J.— 2d Lieut., 351st Field Artillery.
Speich, George F.— Corp., Co. K, 307th Infantry. WA.
Speidel, Carl J.— Pvt., Co. B, 311th Infantry. WA
November, 8, 1918, Argonne.
Speidel, William— 1st. Lieut., Co. Adj., 12th Bat., U.
S. G., U. S. A.
Spellman, Alois— Pvt., 39th Eng. WA Oct. 25, 1918.
Spelman, Ralph — Pvt., Co. K, 59th Pioneer Infantry.
Spelman, Robert H. — Pvt., Quartermaster Corps.
Spencer, Arthur A.— Pvt., 145th Co., 14th.
Spencer, E. H.— Sgt., 178th Co., 14th.
Spencer, Harold M.— Pvt., Co. D, 306th Machine Gun
Battalion. WA.
Spencer, Warner E.— Pvt., Co. D, 306th B. G. Battal-
ion. WG September 30, 1918.
Sperber, Otto— Pvt., Headquarters Co., 306th Infantry.
Sperry, Frederick E. — Lieut., Casual Medical R. C.
Speicher, Charles J. — Lieut., 351st Field Artillery.
Spiegelthal, George J.— Pvt., Co. C, 304th Engineers.
Spies, John H.— Sgt., Co. D, 12th Infantry.
Spiess, Arthur — Pvt., Machine Gun Co., 7th Infantry.
WA October 21, 1918.
Spiess, Norman C— Pvt., Co. C, 302d Field Signal Bat-
tahon. WG September 13, 1918. ,.
Spiewak, Joseph J. — Pvt., 363d Co., Bakery.
Spiller, Earl A.
Spiller, Harold A.— Pvt.
Spinner, Charles M.— Pvt., Co. F, 302d Engineers.
Spitzig, Frank — Corp., Co. C, 102d Ammunition Train.
Splath, Stephen— Co. E, 7th Infantry.
Splaski, John— Pvt., 346th Machine Gun Co.
Spoittgerber, Paul — Pvt.
Sposito, Domenico — Pvt., Co. A, 347th Infantry.
Sposito, Giuseppe — Pvt., Co. C, 347th Infantry.
Spoth, Ezra G. — Machine Gun Transport Corps, 30th
Co., 3d Group.
Sprader, John F.— Pvt., Co. D, 309th Infantry.
Sprague, Guy F. — Mechanic, Battery C, Uth F. A.
Sprague, John S. — Sgt., Ordnance Department.
Sprague, Thomas— Pvt., Co. G, 311th Infantry. WA.
Sprenger, Andrew H.— Pvt., 72d Co., 153d Depot Brig.
Spring, Aloysius Z. — Cook, Base Hospital.
Spring, Lloyd E.— Pvt., Battery F, 13th Field Artillery.
Springer, William Paul — Pvt. WA.
Sprissler, Fred — Sgt., Headquarters, 309th Infantry.
Spychalski, Wlad — Pvt. Prisoner, Germany.
Squire, D. H., Jr. — Students' Army Training Corps.
Srake, John— Pvt., Co. G, 59th Pioneer Infantry. WA
September 14, 1918.
Srarmack, Anthony— Pvt., Battery D, 309th Field
Artillery. WA October 27, 1918.
Sredrinski, Stanislaus — U. S. Rifle Range.
Sroka, Stanley — Pvt.
Sroka, William — Mechanic, Machine Gun Co., 60th Inf.
Sroka, Adam — Pvt., 120th Transport Corps.
Sroka, John— Pvt. WA.
Sroka, William, Jr. — Corp., 404th Motor Transport.
Srzeskowiak, Adam J. — Pvt., Co. C, 2d Battalion.
Stach, Arthur O.— Pvt., Co. A, 306th Infantry. WA.
October 3, 1918.
Stachcwicz, Joe — Pvt., 17th Co., Infantry.
Stachewicz, Casimis J.— Pvt., 74th Co., 6th. WA.
June 11, 1918.
Stachevicz, Anthony— Pvt., Co. F, 328th. WA October
18,1918.
Stachowiak, Louis W. — 153d Depot Brigade.
Stachowiak, Feliks — Pvt., Co. A, 302d Engineers.
Stachowiak, Joseph M. — Pvt.
Stachowski, Mathew H.— Corp., Co. B, 30th Infantry.
WA July 15, 1918. Also Prisoner.
Stachowski, Theodore— Pvt., Co. K, 346th Infantry.
Stackhouse, Gordon — Pvt., Co. C, 5th Brigade Machine
Gun Battalion.
Stacye, Stillman G.— Pvt., 346th Machine Gun Battn.
Stadel, Earl C— Pvt., 8th Co., Replacement Camp.
Stadel, Roy F.— Corp., Co. C, S. A. T. C.
Staebell, August B. — Pvt., Stevedores.
Staebel, Ed. F.— Lieut. WA.
Staebell, John J. — Pvt.., Motor Transport Corps.
Staebell, Edward F.— Pvt., 311th Ambulance Corps,
78th Division.
Staffel, Edward J.— Pvt., Co. D, Headquarters Bat.
Staffel, Peter M.— Pvt., Supply Co., 311th Infantry.
Staffeld, Elmer J.— Pvt., Headquarters Co., 327th.
Stafllinger, Chas. N.— Sgt., 312th Engineers.
Stafflinger, H. G.— Ist-class Pvt., 428th Motor Trans-
port Corps.
U. S. Army
597
Stafflinger, J. J. — Corp., Headquarters Co., 302d Eng'r.
Stafford, Fred G.— Capt., 82d Infantry.
Stafford, James B. — Caisson Driver, American Field
Service. WA July 15, 1917.
Stafford, Charles F.— Fvt., 59th Pioneer Infantry. G.
Stage, James F. — Wagoner, 23d Engineers.
Stage, Oscar D.— Fvt., Co. C, S. A. T. C.
Stahura, Walter— Fvt., Co. M, 147th.
Stalter, Marcellus E.— Sgt. WA.
Stanbro, Donald B.— Lieut. Co. E, 27th Infantry.
Stanfield, R. F.— Sgt., Army Medical Corps.
Stanfield, Roy F.— Sgt., Chief Signal Office.
Staniszebski, John — Fvt.
Stannard, Claude A. — Corp. WA.
Stanton, Fay H.— Fvt., Battery E, 336th F. A.
Stanz, Charles— Corp., Co. E, 307th Supply Train.
Stapell, John G.— Fvt., Co. E, 4th Engineers. WA.
October 18, 1918.
Stapleton, James— Fvt., Co. H, 348th Infantry.
Stapf, Joseph— Fvt., Co. H, 348th.
Stapf, Martin— Fvt., Co. A, 308th Infantry. WG.
August 23, 1918.
Stark, Emil J.— Sgt. Major, 346th Labor Battalion.
Starr, Richard Wm.— Fvt., 35th Balloon Co.
Statter, Marcellus— Sgt. WA.
Staubitz, Chester J.— Fvt., Co. D, 302d Engineers.
Stasiak, Frank S.— Fvt., Co. A, 302d Engineers.
Stata, Alfred W.— F\'t., Co. B, 302d Engineers.
Stauch, Albert P.— Fvt., Co. A, 303d Ammunition Tr.
Staudacher, Wm. A. — Fvt., 303d Aux. Remount, Quar-
termaster Corps.
Staufenbell, Earl H.— Fvt., WA.
Stauffer, Arthur— Fvt., S. A. T. C.
Stauffer, William J.— Lieut., 49th Battery, Field Artil-
lery Central Officers' Training School.
Stauffiger, Roy Wm.— Co. A, 312th Supply Train.
Steaddle, John H.— Fvt., Machine Gun Co., 346th Inf.
Stearns, G. Reynolds— Lieut., 17th Co., 165th Depot B.
Stecker, Eugene G. — Corp., 312th Ammunition Train.
Stedman, Fred R.— Fvt., Co. D, 392d Engineers.
Stegg, Rajinond L. — Fvt., Co. D, 6th Engineers.
Steege, Edw. C— Bugler, Battery E, 310th F. A.
Steege, Henry O.— Corp., 4th Co., A. S. A. F.
Steele, Herman J. — Corp., Quartermaster Corps.
Steele, Homer G.— Sgt., Base Hospital 23.
Stefano, Giuseppi D.,— Fvt. WA.
Stefanski, Alex.— Fvt..
Stefanski, Bert J.— Fvt., Co. C, 62d R. T. C.
Stefanski, Leonard— Fvt., 330th Guard-Fire Co.
Stefanski, Tony— Fvt., Co. B, 348th Infantry.
Steffen, Alfred A.— Fvt., Battery C, 306th F. A.
Steffen, George J.— Fvt., Battery B, 2d Field Army
Replacement Depot.
Steffeno, Frank G.— Fvt., Battery D, 321st F. A.
StefTens, Henry J.— Fvt., Co. B, 336th Machine Gun B.
Steger, Albert — Fvt., October Automatic Replacement
Draft.
Steger, Michael W. — Corp., Co. M, Depot Brigade.
Steger, Robert C— Sgt., Battery A, 7th February Auto-
matic Replacement Draft.
Stegman, Lewis R. — Fvt., 13th Co., Signal Corps.
Stegman, Henry J. — Corp., Co. L, 347th Infantry.
Stegmeier, George — Fvt., Quartermaster Corps.
Stegmeier, John F.— Fvt., Co. H., 346th Infantry.
Stein, Ulysses B. — Capt., Medical Corps.
Steinwachs, Henry C. — Headquarters Co., 311th Inf.
Steele, Ferter A. — Lieut., Medical Corps.
Steele, Herman J. — Corp., Corps.
Steele, Mark — 2d Provincial Training Regiment.
Stein, John — Pvt., Salvage Detachment.
Stefaniak, John— Fvt., Co. B, 306th Infantry. WA.
September 5, 1918.
Stefaniak, Vincent F.— Fvt., 15th Co., 153d Depot B.
Stegman, Lewis R. — Fvt., 13th Co., Signal Corps.
Steiger, Charles J.— Fvt., Co. B, 347th Infantry.
Steimie, John F.— Wagoner, Co. C, 38th Coast Artillery
Corps.
Stein, Walter J.— Fvt., Co. K, 59th Pioneers.
Stein, Joseph— Fvt., Co. H, 7th Infantry. WA June
17,1918.
Steinbach, Nicholas J. — Corp., 5th Field Hospital.
WA July 31, 1918.
Steinbach, William N.— Pvt., Co. F, 311th Infantry.
Steinwachs, Alphonse J.— Pvt., S. A. T. C.
Stybach, John M.— Pvt., 27th Co., 153d Depot Brig.
Stejbaeh, Stanley J.— Fvt., Battery E, 105th F. A.
Stemler, Albert— Sgt., 309th Infantry.
Stemplewski, Bronislaus — Sgt., 377th Co., Bakery.
Steller, Conrad G. — Sgt., 55th Pioneer Infantry.
Stendard, Jacob— Pvt., Co. M, 348th Infantry.
Stendard, Joseph — 1st class Pvt., Co. A, 58th Amm. Tr.
Stengel, Jacob A. — Pvt., Cooks' School.
Stephan, Frank P.— Pvt., Co. D, 6th Anti-aircraft
Machine Gun Battalion.
Stephan, George F.— Pvt., Battery D, 304th F. A.
Stephan, Henry C— Pvt., Co. F, 306th Infantry.
Stephen, James D. — Sgt., Chemical Warfare, 4th Battn.
Stephen, Walter W.— Fvt., Base Hospital 23.
Stephens, Leo — Fvt. WA.
Stephenson, John G. — Lieut., Motor Transport Corps.
Stephenson, Lester — Fvt., Co. F, Ordnance Dept.
Stergen, S.— Pvt. WA.
Sterlaccis, Nicola — Pvt., Co. F, 25th Engineers.
Sterne, Willard F.— Corp., 37th Engineers.
Steubchen, Raymond — Pvt., 319th Infantry.
Steudle, Lawrence— Pvt., S. A. T. C.
Steuerwald, Albert H.— Fvt., Co. B, 307th Motor
Transport Corps.
Steve, Cyrus F.— Pvt., Co. H, 307th Motor Train Sup.
Stevens, Henry A. — Pvt., Co. F, 37th Engineers.
Stevens, Leo— Pvt. WA.
Stevens, Stanley J.— Pvt., 102d Engineers. WA.
October, 1918.
Stevens, Ward A. — Sgt., Air Service.
Stevenson, Alfred B.— Pvt., Co. D, 364th Infantry.
Stevenson, Leroy J. — Pvt., 135th Aero Squadron.
Stevens, Joseph W.— Pvt., Co. F, 304th Ammunition T.
Stevenson, George F.— Fvt., Battery F, 334th F. A.
Stevenson, Harold E.— Sgt., 307th Co., 402d.
Stevenson, Wm. C— Supply Co., 112th Infantry. WA.
Argonne.
Stewart, Albert E.— Pvt., Battery B, 34th F. A.
598
Buffalo's Part in the World War
Stewart, Arnold E.— Pvt., 307th Infantry.
Stewart, Clias. W.— Pvt., Co. C, S. A. T. C.
Stewart, Donald — Army Field Clerk.
Stewart, Douglas C— Pvt., Co. D, S. A. T. C.
Stewart, Mabel B. — Nurse, Camp Wadsworth Hospital.
Stewart, Frank J.— Corp., Battery E, 334th F. A.
Stewart, Newell C.-^Pvt., Co. B, S. A. T. C.
Stewart, Roderick P.— Sgt., Battery B, 13th F. A.
Stewart, Thomas C— Pvt., 337th Tank Battalion.
Stief, Fred— Mess Sgt., 153d Depot Brigade.
Stief, Arthur— Pvt., Co. D, 309th Infantry.
Stief, John C— Pvt. WA.
Stiegler, Elmer— Pvt., Co. M, 106th Infantry.
Stieringer, George A. — Sgt., Tank Corp.
Still, Wayland— Pvt. WA September 30, 1918.
Stimler, Albert H.— Sgt., Co. H, 309th Infantry.WG.
October 22, 1918.
Stinchcomb, Roy S.— Pvt., Co. G, 325th Infantry.
Stober, Frederick— Pvt., Co. M, 1st.
Stock, Archie F. — Sgt., Bureau Aircraft Prod'n.
Stoeckl, Andrew C— Pvt., Co. B, 346th Infantry.
Stokes, William C— Pvt., Co. E, 16th Engineers. WA.
March. 1918.
Stolarek, Leon G.— Pvt., Co. H, 311th Infantry. WG.
October 10, 1918.
Stoltz, Edward M.— Corp., 2d Co., Motor Transport.
Stone, Arnold J. — Corp., 13th Co., 2d Air Service,
Mechanics Regiment.
Stone, Arthur H.— Pvt., Troop G, 16th Cavalry.
Stone, Everett B. — Sgt., Medical Corps, 55th Pioneers.
Stone, Francis C. — Pvt.
Stone, Frank J.— Pvt., Co. M, 345th Infantry.
Stone, John— Pvt. WA.
Stone, John Harold — Bandsman, Canadian Army.
Stone, Joseph A. — Sgt., 25th Photo Section.
Stone, Joseph E. — Sgt., Co. L, 55th Pioneers.
Stone, Lawrence D.— Pvt., Battery A, 14th F. A.
Stone, Robert B.— Corp., Co. C, 303d Mis. Train.
Stoner, John W.— Pvt. WA.
Stoody, Ralph W.— Sgt., 2d Co., Ordnance Dept.
Storch, Olin A. — Musician, Headquarters Co., 55th
Pioneers.
Storer, James — Hosp. Sgt., Medical, Base Hospital,
Camp Dix.
Storey, Frank— Corp., 318th Co., Bakery.
Stork, Arthur— Pvt.
Storms, Earl W.— Pvt. WA.
Stormes, Erastus K.— Pvt., Co. B, 2d A. A. C, Machine
Gun Battalion.
Storner, Henry G. — Pvt. Unassigned.
Stotz, Albert W.— Pvt, 137th Transport Corps.
Storer, James — Pvt., Base Hospital, Camp Dix.
Storms, Chelsea L. — Lieut., Base Hospital 23.
Stout, Wm.— Capt., Co. A, 107th.
Stowe, J. G. — Lieut., Medical.
Strabel, Frederick A. — 101st Bakery.
Strand, Harold — Pvt. WA.
Strahl, G. M.— Corp., Headquarters Co., 345th Inf.
Strasser, Frank J.— Pvt., Co. A, 27th Battalion U. S.
Guard.
Stratemeyer, Clarence— Pvt., Co. B, 328th.
Straub, H. A. — Pvt., Quartermaster.
Strauss, Charles — Corp., Co. L, 347th Infantry.
Strauss, Howard E.— Corp., Co. G, 303d Am. Train.
Strauss, Leon B. — Corp., Co. C, 3d Brigade.
Strauss, Otto T.— Pvt. Wounded.
Strauss, Walter — Pvt., Co. A, Transport Corps.
Strazynski, Albert — Pvt.
Strebel, Robert J.— 1st Lieut., 308th Machine Gun
Battalion. Gassed October 16, 1918.
Strebel, Robert L. — Lieut. Wounded.
Steck, Ernest— Pvt., Co. F, 66th Tank Corps.
Stresing, Irving H.— Pvt., Co. B, 348th Infantry.
Strickland, Edward N.— Pvt., Co. K, 346th Infantry.
Striewing, Henry C. — Mess Sgt., 22d Battery, Coast
Artillery.
Strodomski, Kazimierz — Pvt., 44th Co., 11th.
Stroh, Edward— Pvt., 302d Field Hospital.
Stroh, Jacob— Pvt., Co. F, 306th Infantry. WA August
16th.
Strohmeier, Edward A. — Pvt., Co. I, 7th Infantry.
Strong, Edwin W. — Pvt. Wounded severely.
Strootman, Robert G. — 1st Lieut., Battery B, 107th
Field Artillery. Gassed August, 1918.
Strozewski, Casimir F.— Pvt., Battery F, 34th F. A.
Strozzi, Frederick E. — 1st Lieut., Medical Service.
Struberg, Arthur— Sgt., 404th R. L. B.
Strubing, John — Sgt., Headquarters Det., Mesves
Hospital, France.
Struive, Emil K.— Sgt., Co. F, 325th Infantry. WA.
October 11, 1918.
Struive, John C— Pvt., Supply Co., 306th Infantry.
Strunk, Justin R.-— Lieut., Co. B, 318th Infantry.
Strunk, Louis J. — 1st class Pvt., Co. K, 346th Infantry.
Strusienski. Peter — Pvt., Headquarters Co., 51st Pion.
Struzyk, Andrew J.— Pvt., Co. B, 333d Tank Corps.
Struzyk, Andy— Pvt., Co. B, 333d Battalion.
Strychalski, Anthony L. — Injured.
Strzep, Joseph — Pvt., Co. I, Infantry. WA three times.
July and October, 1918.
Awarded Medal for Bravery.
Stuebschen, Raymond — Pvt. WA.
Stuber, P. C— Sgt., Headquarters, 14th Battery.
Stuhlmiller, Curtis— Pvt.
Stumn, Aaron N. — Corp., Headquarters Co., 12th Rgt.
Stumn, Adam J.— Corp., Co. H, 348th Infantry.
Stumpf, Norman H.— Pvt., 15th Co., S. A. T. C,
(University of Michigan).
Stumpf, Roland B.— 1st class Sgt., 4th Casual Dept.
S. P. D. B. A. P.
Sturm, Frank F. J.— Corp., Co. H, 348th Infantry.
Sturm, Fred J., Jr. — Commissary Dept. 11.
Sturm, George W. — Pvt., Medical Detachment 336,
Field Artillery.
Sturm, Louis — Pvt. Wounded.
Sturn, Charles F.— Pvt., Headquarters Co., 59th
Pioneers Infantry.
Sturn, Frank— 1st class Pvt., Co. B, 347th.
Stutz, Joseph H. — Pvt., 81st Transport.
Styn, Emil— Cook, Co. F, 309th U. S. Infantry. WA.
September 22, 1918.
Stypa, Joseph E.— Pvt., 3d Co., Coast Artillery Corps.
U. S. Army
599
Stypa, Sylvester S.— Ist-class Pvt., Co. B, Military
Police. WA December 1, 1917.
Stypcznski, Frank — 306th Ambulance Train.
Stypchniski, Leonard — Pvt. W. Prisoner.
Stypzynski, Leonard — Pvt., Co. A, 306th Infantry.
WA August 27, 1918.
Subke, Arthur— Pvt., 6th Co. 307th Infantry.
Sucharski, Leo— Cook, Battery D, 307th Field Artillery.
Suchocki, Anthony— Pvt., Co. A, 302d Infantry.
Suchodolski, Stanislaus — Pvt., Co. M, 307th Infantry.
Suckow, Herbert F.— Corp., Co. F, 307th Infantry.
WA November 5, 1918.
Suchowski, .Joseph — Corp., Co. A, 12th Infantry.
Suchowski, Stanley — Corp., Co. I, 23d Infantry. WA
May 7, 1918, June 1, 1918, July 14, 1918. Belleau
Wood.
Received Croi.x de Guerre.
Sudice, Maciej — Pvt., 28th Coast Artillery Corps.
Suess, Alonzo M.— Sgt., Co. B, 305th Tank Corps.
Sugiel, Lawrence — 34th Co., 153d Depot Battalion.
Sugg, Joseph— Pvt., 347th Co., Medical.
Sugg, Nicholas— Pvt., Co. B, 306th Infantry.
Suhr, Wm. J.— Sgt., 153d Depot Brigade.
Sulkowski, Joseph — Pvt., Co. A, 302d Engineers.
Sullivan, Andrew J. — Pvt., Debarkation Hospital 51.
Sullivan, Albert J.— 2d Lieut., Co. C, 807th Pioneer Inf.
Sullivan, Charles S.— Corp., 4th Co., 2d A. T. Mech.Rg.
Sullivan, Cornelius -C. — Corp., 307th Machine Gun Bn.
Sullivan, Daniel — Ist-class Pvt., Machine Gun, 318th
Infantry.
Sullivan, Dennis — Pvt., 2d Co., 12th Ammunition Tr.
Sullivan, Frank— Pvt., Bakery 332.
Sullivan, George H.— Pvt., Co. C, 345th Infantry.
Sullivan, George J.— Pvt., Machine Gun Co., 307th Inf.
Sullivan, James— Pvt., R. A. S. D., Fort Moultrie
Unitl.
Sullivan, James F. — Sgt., Co. C, Aero Squadron.
Sullivan, James P.— Pvt., Co. F, S. A. T. C. (Massa-
chusetts Tech.)
Sullivan, John— Pvt., Co. K, 307th Infantry.
Sullivan, John J. — Corp., Co. D, 306th Machine Gun
Battalion. Shell shocked, August.
Sullivan, Joseph D. — Pvt., 3d Provl., 32d Engineers.
Sullivan, J. J.— Pvt., Co. B, 304th Machine Gun Bat.
Sullivan, Leo J.— Sgt., Co. H, 306th Infantry.
Sullivan, Leo A.— Pvt., Co. C, 336th Battery Tank Cps.
Sullivan, Laurence A. — 1st Sgt., 302d Stevedores.
Sullivan, Mike— Co. A, 309th Infantry.
Sullivan, Norman J.— Pvt., Co. C, 346th Infantry.
Sullivan, Patrick C. — Horseshoer, Headquarters Co.,
157th Depot Brigade.
Sullivan, Rayinond J.— Pvt., Supply Co., 348th Inf.
Sullivan, Robert L.— Pvt., Co. L, 90th Infantry.
Sullivan, Timothy— Pvt., Co. F, 309th Infantry. WA.
Sullivan, Victor J.— Pvt., Co. I, 345th Infantry.
Sullivan, William H.— Pvt., Co. A, 335th Machine Gun.
Summers, Clarence W. — Officers' Training School, 1st
Regiment.
Summers, Frank E. — Ist-class Pvt., Co. A, 37th Engin.
Summers, Frank E. — Ist-class Pvt., Ordnance Machine
Gun.
Suninshare, Mandel — Pvt., Quartermaster Corps, 82d
Division.
Supples, Michael J. — Pvt., Casual Battalion.
Surtalski, E. D.— Pvt., Co. I, 306th Infantry.
Surtalski, F. D.— Pvt., Co. D, 306th Infantry.
Susenbury, Frank A. — Pvt., Battery F, 5th Regiment.
Suthoff, Charles A.— Pvt., Battery F, 310th F. A.
Suthoflf, Carl H.— Pvt., 336th Field Artillery, 87th Div.
Sutter, Fred A.— Corp., Co. M, 307th Infantry. WA
and gassed, October 2, 1918.
Sutton, Norman G. — Ist-class Pvt., Headquarters Co.,
60th N. S. Infantry.
Suwalski, Jan — Pvt.
Swagler, Joseph H. — Pvt., Headquarters Co., 310th
Tank Center.
Swallow, Alfred— Pvt., Co. A, 345th Infantry.
Swallow, Irving H. — Electrician, Electrical School 1002.
Swanekamp, Joseph H. — Pvt., 96th Co., 6th Regiment.
Swannie, John W. — Lieut., Co. D, 303d Engineers.
Swanz, George M.— Sgt., 9th Co., 153d Depot Brigade.
Swartzkopf, Frank J. — 307th Labor Battalion, Quar-
termaster Corps.
Sweatman, George E. — Pvt., 9th Battery, Quarter-
master Corps.
Sweeney, Arthur C. — Co. A, 43d Engineers.
Sweeney, Bernard W. — Sgt. WA.
Sweeney, Edward F. — Corp., Stevedores.
Sweeney, Eugene J. — 2d Lieut., Headquarters Co., 37th
Field Artillery, Coast Artillery Corps.
Sweeney, John J. — Pvt., Ordnance Detachment.
Sweeney, John J. — Petty Officer, Dust. Supply Office.
Sweeney, Joseph F. — Pvt., Co. H, 147th Infantry.
Sweeney, Leo A. — Corp., S. A. T. C. (Canisius).
Sweeney, Richard— Pvt., Co. H, 7th Infantry. WA.
Sweeney, Richard — Pvt. Wounded.
Sweeney, Victor V.— Sgt., Co. F, 148th Infantry. WA
October 31, 1918.
Sweet, George C. — Sgt., Base Laboratory 2.
Sweet, Philip R.— Ist-class Pvt., S. A. T. C.
Sweetland, William E.— Pvt., Co. C, 302d Engineers.
Swegles, Edward — Sgt., Co. F, 303d Engineers.
Swiatalski, Frank D.— Pvt., Co. D, 306th Infantry.
Swiatek, Michael— Pvt., Co. C, 54th Engineers.
Swiatkowski, William— Pvt., 71st Battery, E.
Swiderski, S.— Pvt. WA September 13, 1918.
Swierczynski, John — Pvt.
Swierczyniski, Vincent — Pvt., 31th Co., 153d Depot B.
Swierski, Adam— Pvt., Co. D, 148th Infantry. WA.
October, 1918.
Swift, Parton — Major, Headquarters Co., 151st F. A.
Switzgable, Charles A.— Pvt., Battery E, 334th F. A.
Szafranski, Stanley— Battery F, 343d Field Artillery.
Swiatek, Michael — Pvt., Co. C, 54th Engineers.
Swierski, Adam — Pvt. Wounded.
Swindeman, Wm. C— Pvt., S. A. T. C.
Switalski, Frank D.— Pvt., Co. D, 306th Infantry.
Switkowski, Joseph — Pvt. Wounded D. U.
Swobe, L. Stewart — Ist-class Sgt., Headquarter's Band,
74th Musician 2d-class, Quartermaster Corps.
Sylres, Orto— Pvt., Co. G, 311th Infantry. WA Octo-
ber 16, 1918.
600
Buffalo's Part in the World War
Synak, John F.— Corp., Co. E, 309th Infantry. In-
jured November 1, 1918.
Synak, Martin — Pvt., 1st Co., Quartermasters Corps.
Swistak, Michael — Pvt., Co. L, 301st Quartermaster
Corps.
Synkowski, Walter— Pvt., 306th.
Synoracki, Barney~Pvt., Co. I, 306th Infantry. G.
October 11, 1918.
Syrcher, Albert B. — 1st class Pvt., Land Div., Ex. See.
Syrcher, Edward V.— 1st Lieut., Co. I, 74th. WA 1917.
Sysiak, Stanislaw — Pvt., Co. F, 325th Infantry.
Szafrenski, Joe — Wagoner, Supply Co., 306th Infantry.
Szalkiewicz, Casimer— Pvt., Battery F, 310th F A.
Szalkiewicz, Frank— Co. L, Infantry. WA July 1, 1918.
Szalkowski, Roman — Horseshoer, Quartermaster C'rp,
Or. M. C. 712th.
Szanfranski, Adam — WA.
Szarmach, Anastazy — Pvt., Battery B, 9th F A.
Szarmach, Anthony — Pvt. WA.
Szaroletta, John — Supply Officer, 1st Subdivision.
Szczepanski, Victor — Pvt. Wounded.
Szczejpanski, Victor — Pvt., Co. G, 311th Infantry.
WA September 28, 1918.
Sztylke, Steven J.— Pvt., Co. A, 306th Machine Gun
Battalion. Gassed September 15, 1918.
Szczypwiski, John — Camp Wheeler, 8th Receiving Co.
Szelenziewicz, Steve — Pvt. WA.
Szelmeczka, Meslaw M.— Pvt., Battery A, 3d First
Army Replacement Depot.
Szczechowski, John — Pvt.
Szczerniak, John A. — Pvt., Co. I, 35th Transport Corps.
Szczublewska, John — 3d Co., 153d Depot Brigade.
Szkatulski, Jacob — Pvt., Co. D, 347th Infantry.
Szkudlarek, Michael — Pvt., 51st Pioneer Infantry.
Szrfranek, Boleslaw— Saddler, Battery E, 34th F. A.
Szokirka, John— Pvt., 31st Co., 153d Depot Brigade.
Szperka, Frank— Pvt., 303d C. O. M.
Szprygada, George — Supply Co., 315th Infantry.
Sztylke, Stephen J.— Pvt. WA.
Szulist, Walter— Pvt. WA.
Szumegalski, Henry — Pvt., 302d Engineers.
Szumigalski. Stanley V.— Pvt., 84th Co., 6th Regiment.
Szumegata, Joe — Pvt., 65th Co.
Szuminski, John — Pvt., Co. A, 302d Engineers.
Szuminski, Stanley — Pvt., 495th Aero Squadron.
Szykowny, Stephen — Pvt., Co. B, 120th Engineers.
Szymanski, Edwin C. — Pvt. Wounded.
SzjTnanski, John S. — Sgt., Ordnance Depot 2.
Szymanski, John C. — Sgt., Ordnance Depot 2.
Szymaisla, Casimer — Pvt., 16th.
Szymanek, Leo— Pvt., Battery F, 165th Field Artillery.
Szymanski, Steve— Pvt., 12th P. W. S., 730th A. P. O.
Szymanski, Stephen — Pvt.
Szymanski, Peter— Pvt., Co. K, 346th Infantry.
Szymanski, Vincent H. — Pvt., Quartermaster Corps,
i354th Baking.
Szymanski, Walter G.— Pvt., Co. E, 348th Infantry.
Szymczak, William — Co. B, 17th Engineers.
Szymkowiak, Adam — Wagoner, Pvt., 13th Infantry.
Szymkowiak, John — Co. A, 502d Engineers.
Szymkow-iak, Thomas — Pvt., Co. E, 308th Engineers.
Szymkowiak, Walter— Pvt., Battery E, 335th F. A.
Szymoniak, Henry A.— Pvt., Co. B, S. A. T. C.
Szymoniak, Thaddeus— Sgt., Supply, 36th F. A.
Szymonski, Joseph — Sgt.
Szymoszak, Tony — Pvt., Co. M, 345th Infantry.
Szzyprerowski, Andrew — Pvt., Co. C, 326th Infantry.
Tabackman, Ma.x— Sgt., Co. F, 4th Reg. Infantry. WA.
Tabak, Joseph— Pvt., Barrack 307.
Tade, William J.— Sgt., Headquarters Co., 23d Infan-
try. WA October 4, 1918.
Tafelski, Frank— Pvt., 138th Infantry.
Taft, Chester M.— Pvt. Prisoner.
Taggert, Charles A. — Major, Motor Transport Corps.
Taimer, Lewis M. — Lieut., Chemical Warfare Service.
Taggart, William E.— Lieut. WA.
Talbot, William A.— Sgt., Co. A, 307th Am. Train.
Talty, Frank— Pvt., Co. K, 346th Infantry.
Tanck, Fred H.— Pvt., Co. E, 311th Infantry. WA
October 17, 1918.
Tamburo, Luigi — Pvt., 153d Depot Brigade.
Tannenbaum, Wm.— Sgt., 15th Co., 153d Depot Brig.
Tanner, Harley — Pvt., 11 1th Infantry. WG August,
1918.
Tanzello, Giocomo — Pvt. WA.
Tapping, John A. — Pvt., Co. A, 1st Detachment.
Taravello, Joseph F.— Pvt., Co. G, 166th Infantry.
WA October 13, 1918.
Tarquinio Orlindo — Pvt. WA.
Targinno. Olindo— Pvt., Co. I, 327th Infantry. WA
October 8, 1918.
Tasca, Angelo— Pvt., Co. D, 311th Infantry.
Tashenberg, Clarence — Pvt., Co. B, 304th Infantry.
WA October, 1918.
Tassie, Peter J. — Pvt., Co. I, 21st Engineers.
Tate, Charles— 1st class Pvt., Co. H, 104th Infantry.
Tatko, Stanislaw— 1st Lieut., 2d Co. WA October, 1918.
Tatta, Pasquale — Pvt., Headquarters Co., 136th Inf.
Tayler, Daniel R.— Pvt., Co. A, 24th Engineers.
Taylor, Albert F.— Pvt., Co. K, 346th Infantry.
Taylor, Frank Z. — Pvt., 152d Aero Squadron.
Taylor, Fred A. — Corp., Air Service Mechanics.
Taylor, James H.— 1st class Pvt., Co. B, 303d Infantry.
Taylor, F. — 1st class Pvt., Mayflower.
Taylor, James H.— Pvt., Co. B, 303d Am. Train.
Taylor, Harry L.— Sgt., Co. E, 120th Engineers.
Taylor, Harry W.— 1st class Pvt., 147th Infantry. WA
September, 1918.
Taylor, Harold H.— Pvt. WA.
Taylor, Herbert— Pvt.
Taylor, James R.— Pvt., Co. G, 30th Infantry. WA
June 5, 1918.
Taylor, Roland P.— Pvt., 106th Supply Train.
Taylor, William A.— Wagoner, Battery B, 304th Ma-
chine Gun Battalion.
Tedesco, Anthony J. — Corp. WA.
Tee, Charles— Corp., Co. G, 311th Infantry.
Tee, Edward— Pvt., 19th Battalion, 77th Infantry.
Tee, Stephen— Pvt., Co. A, Barracks 15.
Teichert, Max — Pvt., Headquarters Co., 153d Infantry.
Telaak, Frank J.— 1st class Pvt., Co. C, 302d Engineers.
Temlitz, Edmund W.— Pvt., Co. D, 59th Pioneer Inf.
U. S. Army
601
Temlitz, John— 336th Field Artillery.
Tench, Ellsworth— 1st Lieut., Medical Corps, 25th F. A.
Tench, Francis M. — Capt., Instructor Sanitary School.
Tench, John D. — Pvt., Students' Army Training Corps.
Tepas, Norman P. — Headquarters, 55th Pioneer Inf.
Tepe, Eugene A.— Pvt., 28th.
Tepe, Fred— Pvt., Co. D, 302d Engineers. WG Sep-
tember, 1918.
Terhaar, John L. — Pvt., Mail and Postal Express Serv.
Terrasse, Frederick — Lieut., Medical Corps.
Terryberry, Jas. P. — Bugler, Co. D, 346th Infantry.
Terreberry, Merrill — Pvt., Motor Transport Corps.
Territo, Jasper— Pvt., Co. G, 307th Infantry.
Territo, Joseph— Pvt., Battery D, 136th Field Artillery.
Terrose, Frank— Pvt., Co. K, 60th Infantry. M. A.
Tessman, Frank J.— Pvt., Co. G, 305th Infantry. WA
August 12, 1918, and November 1, 1918.
Tessman, Frank J.— Pvt. WA.
Tessman, John F.— Pvt., 35th Field Artillery.
Testa, Joseph C— Corp., Co. E, 433d M. S. T.
Testa, S. G. — Corp., Quartermaster Corps.
Tettamanti, Serafino— Pvt., Co. C, 34Sth Infantry.
Thatcher, Harry F. — Corp., 5th Service, Signal Corps.
Theisen, Michael J. — Pvt., Quartermaster Corps.
Theisen, Peter K.— Sgt., Mech. Unit, Aerial Signal C.
Theisen, Walter J. — Pvt., 8th October Automatic Re-
placement Draft, Replacement Regiment.
Theisz, William G.— Sgt., Utilities Battalion, Quarter-
master Coips.
Then, G. C— Pvt., 20th Trench Motor Battery.
Theobald, Elmer L.— Corp., Co. C, S. A. T. C.
Theodoran, Christ G.— 10th Battalion, 153d Depot B.
Thesenwitz, William— Pvt., Co. K, 346th Infantry.
Thessen, George J.— Pvt., 303d Military Police.
Theurer, Fred H.— Pvt., Co. D, 7th Infantry. WG
October 17, 1918.
Theurer, Herman F.— Pvt. WA.
Theuer, William— Pvt., Co. B, 302d Engineers. WA.
August 12, 1918.
Thibeau, Harvey L.— Pvt., Co. A, 304th Mach. Gun Bat.
Thiel, Stanley — Pvt., Co. C, Engineers Corps.
Thines, John — Pvt., Ordnance Department.
Thines, Nicholas — Corp., Headquarters, 304th F A.
Tackman, Charles J.— 1st Lieut., Co. B, 337th Battal-
ion Tank Corps.
Then, Gottfried C— Ist-class Pvt., 20th Trench Motor
Battery.
Thoemmer, Elmer — 1st class Pvt., Camp Utihties.
Thom, William— Pvt., Co. D, 37th Engineers.
Thoma, Earl W.— 1st Lieut., 1st Division, 16th Inf.
Thomas, Alex— Pvt. WA.
Thomas, Clarence E.— Pvt., 151st Aero Squadron.
Thomas, Chester C— Ist-class Pvt., Machine Gun Co.,
306th Infantry.
Thomas, Edward H.— Pvt., Battery C, 349th F. A.
Thomas, E. L. — Lieut., Aviation.
Thomas, Henry J. — Pvt., 4th Canadian Engineers.
Thomas, James A. — Pvt., Camp Wheeler.
Thomas, John H.— Pvt., Battery C, 36th F. A.
Thomas, Joseph A. — Sgt., Battery B, 52d Artillery.
WA April, 1918.
Thomas, luory— Pvt., Co. I, 63d Infantry.
Thomas, Lawrence F. — Ist-class Pvt., Medical Corps.
Thomas, William A.— Bugler, Battery D, 319th F. A.
Thompson, Albert R. — Sgt., Fire, Truck and Hose Co.
Thompson, Arthur L. — Pvt., Troop G, 2d Cavalry.
Thompson, Charles R. — Corp., Co. I, 311th Infantry.
WA November 2, 1918.
Thompson, Dean 0. — Capt., Medical Detachment,
Camp Shelby.
Thompson, James M.— Sgt.-Major, Co. C, 309th Inf.
Thompson, Leslie P.— Corp., Co. C, 312th Inf.
Thompson, Willard P.— Corp., Co. B, 303d Engineers.
Thompson, Wilham J. — Pvt., Paris Island.
Thorn, Valentine— Pvt., Co. E, 302d Engineers.
Thorpe, Howard A.— Pvt., Battery A, 7th F. A. WA
and G, June 4, 1918.
Thorzak, Stanislaus — Corp., Ordnance Dept.
Thurn, Otto— Pvt.
Thuman, Frank X., Jr. — Sgt., Quartermaster Corps.
Thurn, Henry J.— Pvt., Co. C, 29th Engineers.
Thurnherr, Joseph C. — Wagoner, Headquarters Co.,
311th Infantry.
Thurstone, Kenneth B.— Lieut., Co. C, 315th Amm. Tr.
Tibbetts, Charles E.— Pvt., Co. D, 212th Engineers.
Tice, Chester G.— Corp., Battery B, 65th Coast Art C.
Tice, J. Raymond— Sgt., Co. B, 333d Battalion.
Tiede, Joseph A. — Corp., Machine Gun Co., 61st Inf.
Tiede, Joseph G.— Pvt., 303d Remount Depot.
Tiedeman, August G. — Base Hospital Detachment.
Tiedeman, Charles F.— Pvt., Co. G, 52d Infantry.
Tiedeman, Raymond A.— Pvt., Co. F, 308th Infantry.
WA October 5, 1918.
Tiffany, Vincent E. — Students' Army Training Corps.
Tighe, Edmund J. — Mass. Institute of Tech.
Tilbrick, William H.— Sgt., Co. H, 309th Infantry.
Tilley, Basil G.— Pvt., Co. D, 1st Gas Regiment.
Tilley, John J.— 2d Lieut., Headquarters Co., 48th F. A.
Tilley, Norman N. — 2d Lieut., Air Service.
Tilley, Stanley A.— 2d Lieut., 308th Machine Gun Co.,
WA May, 1915, in Australian Service.
Timm, Arnold E.— Corp., Machine Gun Co., 305th Inf.
Timm, Ervin— Pvt., Battery F, 35th Field Artillery.
Timmel, Eugene — Musician, Headquarters Co., 55th
Pioneer Infantry.
Timmons, Charles— Pvt., Co. A, P. 10, Curtis Bay G. S.
Timmons, Edward— Pvt., 46th Co., 153d Depot Brig.
Troglain, Edward H.— Pvt., Headq'rs Co., 327th Inf.
Troglain, Frederick L.— Sgt., 1099th Air Ser\'ice.
Tischendorf, Edmund — Elec, N. Operating Base 1011,
Tismerowicz, Stanley — Pvt., 346th Infantry.
Titus, Allen S. — 1st Lieut., Quartermaster Corps.
Tladm, Bert — Pioneer Infantry.
Tladm, Charles — Pioneer Infantry.
Toal, Lionel— Pvt., Co. H, 59th Pioneer Infantry.
Tobin, Martin— Pvt., Co. F, 326th Infantry. WA
October 13, 1918.
Tobin, Thos.— Pvt., Base Hospital 23.
Tobin, William E. — Inst., Squadron C, Air Service.
Tocha, Anthony — Pvt., Vet. Corps.
Todd, Wm.— Pvt., C. E. F. WA. October 12, 1918.
Todtenhagen, Harry C— Pvt., Supply Co., 326th Inf.
602
Buffalo's Part in the World War
Tojdowska, Stephen— Pvt., Co. K, 313th Infantry.
Tojdowski, Joseph — Pvt., Motor Corps, 311th Infantry.
Tolkien, Harold C— Pvt., Co. K, 2d Infantry.
Tolsma, Charles H.— Pvt., Co. K, 346th Infantry.
Tolsma, Frank — Pvt., 325th Ambulance Co.
Tomas, Joseph S. — Pvt., 306th Aero Squadron.
Tomasello, Antonio — Pvt., 301st Quartermaster Corps.
Tomaszenski, Anthony — Pvt., Co. A, 306th Infantry.
Tomaszenski, John A. — Pvt., Co. C, 51st Pioneers.
Tomazewski, Anthony — Pvt., Co. C, 51st Pioneers.
Tomazewski, Anthony — Pvt., 2d A. A. IVIachine Gun B.
Tomazak, Frank— Pvt., Co. F, 162d Infantry.
Tomazak, Wladyslaw— Pvt., Co. G, 311th Infantry.
Tompkins, Joseph E. — Maj., Ordnance Dept.
Cited for exceptional conspicuous and meritorious service at
advanced Ordnance Depot No. 1.
Tonder, Laurence — 1st Sgt., Co. H, 85th Infantry.
Tonking, Marshall G.— Pvt. WA.
Toohill, George — Corp., 182d Aero Squad. Was shot
down by four German planes while on bombing trip.
Five machine gun bullets in left leg and all teeth
blown out.
Tooke, Roscoe C. — 1st Lieut., Air Service.
Toner, Thomas— Pvt., Co. K, 345th Infantry.
Topping, Edward F.— Ist-class Pvt., 102d Field Signal
Battalion.
Torge, Wm. N. — Pvt., 14th Casual Co., Engineers.
Tornow, Elmer L.— Pvt., 38th Field Artillery.
Torrillo, Nicola— Wagoner, Co. D, 302d Am. Train.
Torturice, William V.— Sgt., Troop K, 1st Cavalry.
Totaro, Carl S.— Pvt.. 302d Bakery.
Toulmin, Maurice — Pvt., 347th Infantry.
Tourjie, George— Pvt., Co. H, 369th Infantry.
Towler, Thomas L.— Pvt., 9th Co., Central Officers'
Training School.
Towns, Edward C. — Pvt., Co. F, 147th Engineers.
Towns, Wilham — Pvt., 63d Pioneer Infantry.
Townsend, Thomas J. — Pvt., 153d Depot Brig.
Tozzi, Peter A. — Pvt., Co. I, 21st Engineers.
Trabona, Joseph — Pvt.
Trainer, Joseph A. — Bugler.
Trankle, John F.— Pvt., 11th Tank Corps.
Trapper, Arthur H. — Corp., 9th Trench Motor Battery.
Trautlein, Raymond W.— Wagoner, Co. C, 303d Am. Tr.
Townsend, Marvin L. — Bugler, Co. B, 308th Machine
Gun Battalion.
Trankle, Henry I. — Pvt., Headquarters Co., 21st Inf.
Trapp, Lewis J. — Corp., Sanitary Squadron 44.
Trautman, Charles E. — Pvt., Co. I, 7th Infantry.
Trautman, Norman — Pvt., 2d C. M. R. Battalion,
Canadian Army.
Trautman, Raymond— Pvt., Co. G, 17th Batt. Inf.
Trautwein, Wallace J. — Pvt., Co. G, 7th Infantry.
Treats, William H.— Pvt., Co. A, 502d Engineers.
Trebes, Henry— 1st class Pvt., Co. E, 347th Infantry.
Treble, Howard C. — Corp., Headquarters Co., 9th Reg.
Tredesco, Anthony — Pvt. WA.
Tredo, Stephen F.— Pvt., 214th Aero Squadron. WA.
October, 1918.
Tremblay, Lawrence — Pvt., Co. E, 147th Infantry.
WA September 27, 1918.
Tresp, Frederick C— Corp., Co. G, 306th Infantry.
WG August 27, 1918. MA November 8, 1918.
Tresp, William A. — Pvt., U. S. Proving Grounds.
Tresselt, Walter C— Pvt., 298th Aero Squadron.
Trensch, Bernhart — Pvt., 529th Motor Supply Train.
Trensch, William — Pvt., Co. G, 5th Infantry.
Trezeciak, Stephen W. — Pvt.
Trick, Harry R. — Capt., Motor Corps., Debarkation
Hospital 5.
Trein, William— Pvt., Co. C, 302d Field Signal Battn.
Triepel, John F. — Pvt., Students' Army Training Corps.
Triller, Raymond — Corp., Co. C, 70th Engineers.
Triller, Richard E.— Pvt., Co. E, 23d Engineers.
Trimlin, Frederick— Pvt., Co. K, 345th Infantry.
Trimmer, Benjamin — Pvt., Co. G, 309th Infantry.
Tripoli, Dominick— Pvt., Co. I, 30th Infantry. WA.
July 18, 1918 and November 4, 1918.
Trippi, Joseph — Pvt., 153d Depot Brigade.
Trocha, Ignatz— Pvt., Co. B, 302d Engineers.
Trombler, Clarence P.— Corp., Co. C, 10th Battalion,
U. S. Guard.
Tronolone, Anthony C— Pvt., Co. B, 348th Infantry.
Tronolone, Caesar A. — Corp., Co. I, 345th Infantry.
Tronolone, Daniel L. — Pvt., Battery B, 9th Artillery.
Trosp, Charles F.— Pvt. WA.
Trost, Fred H. — 1st class Pvt. , Supply Co., Quarter-
master Corps 317.
Trost, Edward J.— Pvt., 334th Machine Gun Battalion.
Trost, John C. — Mechanic, Co. B, 13th Battalion.
Trubee, John H.— Ist-class Pvt., Co. D, 346th Infantry.
Truesdale, Hiram H.— Pvt., Co. G, 309th Infantry.
WA September, 1918.
Truman, Frank L.— Sgt.-Major, Headq'rs, 349th F. A.
Trzeciak, Steven W.— Pvt. WA.
Tschamber, Otto — 118th Ordnance Depot.
Tuberdych, John — Troop E, Cavalry.
Tuberdych, Joseph — Pvt., Headquarters, Cavalry.
Tubielewicz, Peter— Pvt., Co. C, 156th Depot Brig.
Tucce, Caeser— Pvt., 348th Infantry.
Tucholka, Frank — Pvt., Base Hospital Detachment.
Tucholka, John E. J.— Pvt., Co. B, Walter Reed Hos-
pital. WA July 23, 1918.
Tucker, Emei-y — Battalion Sgt.-Major, Headquarters
Detachment, Camp Gordon, Ga.
Tucker, William J.— Pvt., 52d Training Battalion.
Tudor, Leroy— Pvt., Co. C, 306th Infantry. WG Sep-
tember 6, 1918.
Tulchinsky, Joseph— Pvt., Co. H, 311th Infantry.
Tulipani, Domenic — Pvt., 3d Co., O. C. Detachment.
Tully, Daniel R.— Sgt., Fire and Guard Co.
Tumin, Herbert R.— Prt.
Tunser, Leo C— Sgt., 304th San. A. C. 315th.
Turgeon, Eugene A. — Pvt., Medical Corps.
Turks, Charles J.— Sgt., A. M. S. D. 1, A. P. O. 712.
Turek, Jos. J.— 334th Field Artillery.
Turner, Allan J.— Pvt., Co. B, 2d Battalion, C. E. F.
Turner, John S. — Cadet, Air Service.
Turner, George S.— Sgt., 307th Field Artillery.
Turner, Henry H. — Pvt., Au.xiliary Remount Depot.
Turner, Mannet— Pvt., Co. C, 302d Engineers.
Turner, William R.— Pvt., 341st Battalion Tank Corps.
U. S. Army
603
Tewolenkierwicz, Frank — Pvt., Co. B, 311th Infantry.
Tyrrell, Harry T.— Pvt., Co. L, 307th Infantry.
Tyrrell, Hobart S. — 1st Lieut., Ordnance Depot.
Tyrrell, Wilbur L.— Sgt., Co. G, 2d Engineers.
Tyson, Howard J.— Pvt., Co. B, 116th Engineers.
Uhle, Albert^Pvt., 310th Guard and Fire.
Uhlinger, Albert M.— Pvt., Co. F, 307th Infantry. WA
October 15, 1918.
Ulenski. Frank C— Pvt., 65th.
Ullman, David L. — Sgt., Headquarters, 309th Infantry.
Wounded September 26, 1918.
Ullmer, Fred E. — Musician, Co. B, 302d Engineers.
Ullmer, Herbert P. — Sgt., Remount Depot Quarter-
master Corps.
TJlrich, Andrew I. — Corp., Co. G, 61st Infantry. WA.
November 6, 1918.
Ulrich, Edward C— Mechanic, Co. H, 348th Infantry.
Ulrich, Edward J.— 1st class Pvt., Co. M, 345th Inf.
Umiker, Walker E.— Co. B, 2d Battery Edgewood
Arsenal. Wounded October, 1918.
Ulrich, William— Corp., Battery F, 13th Artillery.
Umiker, William J.— Sgt. WA.
Unger, Walter C. — Pvt., Co. B, 59th Pioneer Infantry.
Unger, John C. — Pvt., Co. C, 302d Ammunition Train.
Underwood, Harold B. — 496th Aero Squadron.
Urban, Wm. P.— Lieut., 110th Infantry. WA.
Urbacki, Joseph F.— Pvt., Battery B, 17th F. A.
Urban, George — Pvt., Co. A, 302d Engineers.
Urban, Raymond G. — 2d Lieut. — Transport Corps.
Urban, Wm. P.— Capt., 110th Infantry.
Unholz, Milton C— Pvt., 437th Detachment of Engrs.
Utley, C. B.— Aviation.
Utz, William M. — Pvt., Co. 7, Infantry Replacement U.
Utz, Edwin C— Battery E, 334th Field Artillery.
Uster, Joseph E.— Sgt., Co. B, 333d Battalion, Tank C.
Urbanski, Albert— Co. C, 306th Infantry.
Vacanti, Charles J.— Pvt., Co. B, 309th Infantry. WG
October 19, 1918.
Vaccarella, Zanazio — Pvt., Co. D, 147th Infantry. WA
September 27, 1918.
Vacanti, Charles T.— Pvt. WA.
Vaccarie, Peter— Pvt., Co. C, 348th Infantry. WA.
Vaccaro, Joseph — Pvt., Battery E, 334th Field Artillery.
VacroUs, Ignazio — Pvt. WA.
Vail, BjTon R.— Pvt., Co. B, 47th Battalion U. S. Gds.
Valley, Leon W. — Corp., Co. M, 65th Infantry.
Valente, Charles A.— Pvt., Battery C, 342d F. A.
Valente, George A.— Pvt., 116th Trains.
Valente, Herman — Pvt., Base Hospital 23.
Valentine, Ernest F.— Pvt., Co. K, 311th Infantry.
Valentine, Francis B.— Pvt., S. A. T. C.
Valldejula, Manuels — 2d Lieut., Porto Rican Army
(Panama).
Valvo, Joseph — Pvt., 4th Development Co.
Van Allen, David B. H.— 1st class Pvt., Co. D, 302d
Engineers. WA June, 1918.
Vanbuskirk, Afton G. — Corp., 8th Co., 20th Engineers.
Van Campen, Ruth L. — Nurse, Base Hosp., Camp Lee.
Vanderbilt, Herbert R. — Lieut. Prisoner.
Vanderbush, Edwin N.— Pvt., Co. E, 311th Infantry.
WG October, 1918.
Vanderbush, Francis B. — Ist-class Pvt., Chemical War-
fare Service. WG May 22. 1918.
Vandermeulen, George T. — Capt., Detachment C.
Vanderwalker, Carl— Pvt., Co. D, 302d Infantry.
Van Duzee, Leonard A. — Pvt., Co. C, Cheinical War-
fare Service.
Vanhell, John H.— Pvt., Co. E, 311th Infantry. WG.
July, 1918.
Van Pike, Joseph — Sgt., Aerial Gunnery School.
Vannier, Charles B.— Sgt., Co. H, 309th Infantry.
Van Steenburg, Roy— Pvt., Battery F, 33d Coast Art C.
Van Tine, Lawrence E. — Sgt., Motor Supply Unit.
Van Tine, William R.— Cook, Co. K, 12th Infantry.
Van Tine, Willis F.— Pvt., Supply Co., 309th Infantry.
Van Valkenburgh, Clarence — Central Officers' Training
School, Camp Lee, Va.
Van Valkenburgh, Wm. J. — 1st Lieut., Base Hospital 23.
Van Velsor, Harry A.— Capt., 25th Co., 153d Depot B.
Vapino, Cosmo — Pvt. WA September 4, 1918.
Vara, Tony — Pvt., Headquarters, 307th Infantry. WA
October 12, 1918.
Vara, Vincent — Pvt., 30th Division Infantry.
Vareci, Dominick — Pvt. WA.
Vastola, Samuel J. — Lieut., 141st Engineers.
Vaughan, Clarence — Pvt., Headquarters, 307th Infan-
try. WA September 14, 1918.
Vaughn, Harold W.— Pvt., Co. B, Tank Corps.
Vaughn, William P. — 1st class Pvt., 301st Quarter-
master Corps, Camp Merritt, N. J.
Veale, William F.— Pvt., Base Hospital 23.
Veiders, Alphonse J. — Pvt., Co. A, 36th Infantry.
Veigel, Alvin — Pvt., Students' Army Training Corps.
Veigel, Ernest W. — Sgt.-Major, Headquarters, 14th
First Army Replacement Depot.
Venherm, Arthur W. — Sgt., 2d Co., 4th Regiment
Motor Mechanics, Signal Corps.
Ventura, Vincent— Corp., Co. F, 309th Infantry. WG.
October, 1918.
Venzia, Carmine — Pvt., 4th Dev. Battalion.
Verbeck, Harold J. — Sgt., Squadron E, Gerstner Field.
Verdi, Stephen L.— Pvt., Co. L, 28th Infantry.
Vergils, George T.— Pvt., Machine Gun Co., 311th
Infantry.
Vermling, George — 1st Sgt., Co. E, 22d Infantry.
Vertiona, Louis — Pvt., Co. C, 82d Division Dep. Brig.
Vetrano, Vincent— Pvt., Co. D, 311th Infantry.
Vetter, Eugene T.— Corp., 469th Motor Truck Co.
Vetter, Herbert P.— Corp., S. A. T. C.
Vetter, Richard— Pvt.
Viapiano, Cosmo — Pvt., Supply Co., 353d Infantry.
Wounded July 14, 1918.
Mele, Dorr — 1st Lieut., Air Service.
Viele, Sheldon K. — Sgt., 40th Engineers.
Villa, Nicholas J.— Corp., Co. K, 326th Infantry.
Villa, Salvatore— Pvt., 40th Co., 153d Depot Brigade.
Vincent, George S. — 1st Lieut., Air Service. WA July,
1918, by fall.
Vio.x, George F.— Pvt., 348th Infantry.
Vitale, Joseph — Pvt. WA.
Vizzi, Antonio — Pvt. WA.
Voelker, Frank J.— Corp., Co. B, 346th Infantry.
604
Buffalo's Part in the World War
Vogel, Adam— Sgt., Co. G, 309th Infantry.
Vogel, John— Corp., Battery F, 74th Field Artillery.
Vogele, Albert H. — Pvt., Air Service.
Voght, Charles— Pvt., Co. H, 311th Infantry.
Vogt, Alfred H.— 1st Lieut., Gen. Hospital, Ft. Bayard.
Vogt, Edward H.— Pvt., Machine Gun Co., 311th Inf.
Vogt, Francis— Pvt., Co. H, 311th Infantry.
Vogt, Harry E.— Pvt., Base Hospital 23.
Vogt, Theodore J.— 2d Lieut., 5th Training Field Artil-
lery, Central Officers' Training School.
Vogt, Theodore— Pvt., Co. L, 305th Infantry. WA.
Vogt, E. William— Corp., Co. B, 307th Battalion Tank
Corps.
Voisinet, Otto E.— Pvt., Co. B, 312th Ammunition Tr.
Voisard, Joseph C. — Ist-class Pvt., 19th Mech., 3d Air
Service.
Voisinet, Walter E. — Students' Army Training Corps.
Vogt, Theodore G.— Pvt., Co. L, 305th Infantry. WA.
October 3, 1918.
Volk, Charles S. — Pvt., Motor Transport Corps.
Volker, Albert A. — 2d class Quartermaster.
Volker, Harold F.— Pvt., Battery A, 7th Field Artillery.
Volker, Wm. A. — Pvt., Headquarters, 347th Infantry.
Voll, Casper J.— Ist-class Pvt., Co. E, 311th Infantry.
WG October, 1918.
Volland, Anthony — Pvt., Co. C, Erie Proving Grounds.
Volland, Arthur P. — Cook, Cooks and Bakers School.
Volland, Leonard E. — Musician, 135th Infantry.
Vollbracht, Ferdinand C— 1st class Pvt., Co. E, 306 Inf.
Vollmer, Albert— 13th Field Artillery.
Volk, Wilbur C— Pvt., Co. B, S. A. T. C. (Colgate.)
Volper, Harry A. — Ist-class Sgt., Air Service, 4th Det.
Volz, Louis E. — Corp., Co. C, 302d Engineers.
Von Langen, August W. — Pvt., Headq'rs, 311th Inf.
Voltman, Herbert— Pvt., 420th Field Signal Battalion.
Voltz, Clarence G. — Sgt., Utilities Detachment.
Vona, Vincent — Pvt., Co. C, 147th Infantry.
Von Paulson, C. C. — Lieut., Coast Guard.
Cited.
Von Pless, William F.— Sgt., Battery D, 30th F. A.
Vons, Vincent J.— Co. C, 147th Inf. WA Argonne.
Von Wrycza, Anthony J. — Corp., Air Service.
Voorhees, Clarence W. — Sgt., U. S. Air Service.
Vosburgh, Ralph — Capt., 1st Canadian Machine Gun.
WA September, 1916.
Voss, Herman — Pvt., 9th Supply Co., Ordnance.
Vosseler, Albert C. — Pvt., Auxiliary Remount.
Vosseler, Martin J.— Pvt., Co. C, 27th Battalion.
Vossler, Oliver C.
Voyele, John N.— Pvt., 354th Baking Co.
Vreeland, Walter H.— Pvt., Troop B, 1st Cavalry.
Vaccaro, Peter— Pvt., Co. C, 348th Infantry.
Wachowiak, Walter — 5th Separate Battalion.
Wachowski, Steve C— Co. F, 328th Infantry. W.
September 18, 1918.
Wachter, Harry— Pvt., Co. D, 314th Infantry.
Wacker, John M.— Pvt., U. S. A. M. Depot.
Wachnik, Walter— Ist-class Pvt., Co. A, 347th Infantry.
Wade, Walter W. — Major, Quartermaster Corps.
Wadsworth, Henry C. — Lieut., Instructor New Hamp-
shire State College.
Wadsworth, John V.— Pvt., 37th Base Hospital.
Wadsworth, Wilbert L. — Sgt., Co. C, Air Service.
Waggoner, Waldorf V. — Corp., Co. E, Machine Gun T.
Wagner, Albert G.— 1st class Pvt., Co. B, 307th Supply
Train.
Wagner, August J. E. — Wagoner, Ordnance Depot Co.
Wagner, Benjamin C. — Wagoner, Supply Co., 348th
Infantry.
W^agner, Charles H. — Pvt., Headquarters Co., Advance
Section.
Wagner, Charles W.— Pvt., 5th Co., 2d Battalion.
Wagner, Clarence G. — Pvt., Co. I, 345th Infantry.
Wagner, Curtis— Pvt., Co. C, 218th Engineers.
Wagner, Elmer J. H.— Pvt., Co. C, 307th Infantry.
WG June 24, 1918.
Wagner, Frank — Sgt., Machine Gun Troop, 12th Cav.
Wagner, Frank J. — Pvt., Co. H, 7th Infantry.
Wagner, Frank L.— Sgt., Co. B, 14th Battalion, Ord-
nance Department.
Wagner, Herbert J. — Pvt., 33d Engineers.
Wagner, Herbert W. — Pvt., Army Medical Det.
Wagner, John J.— Pvt., Co. E, 311th Infantry.
Wagner, John L.— Pvt., Co. C, 335th Machine Gun Bn.
Wagner, Joseph A. — Sgt., Co. A, 21st Machine Gun Bn.
Wagner, Joseph E.— Pvt., 64th Co., 152d Depot Brig.
Wagner, Joseph M. — Ist-cIass Pvt., 303d Am. Train.
Wagner, Louis W. — Pvt., 346th Infantry.
Wagner, Nelson B.— Pvt., S. A. T. C.
Wagner, Richard P.— Sgt., Battery E, 35th F. A.
Wagner, Roy J. — Pvt., Camp Wheeler.
Wagner, William E.— Ist-class Pvt., Co. E, 345th Inf.
Wahl, Elmo— Pvt., Supply Co., 309th Infantry.
Wahl, Henry A. — Pvt., Headquarters Troop.
Wahl, Herbert J.— Pvt. WA.
Wahlin, John W.— Corp., Co. H, 348th Infantry.
Walcott, J. L.— Pvt., Co. B, 328th Infantry. Shell-
shocked, October, 1918.
Walczak, Walter — Pvt., Quartermaster Corps.
Walczak, Vincent — Pvt., Casual Dept.
Walgate, Harvey W. — Pvt., Co. K, 51st Pioneers.
Waldorf, Joseph C— Cook, Co. G, 309th Infantry.
WG November, 1918
Walgate, Stanley E.— Pvt., Co. K, 51st Pioneers.
Walker, Charles N.— Sgt., 709th Motor Transport Sup-
ply Train.
Walker, Edwin H.— Pvt., 30th Co., Quartermaster C.
Walker, Edwin L.— Sgt.
Walker, Elmer — Lieut., 153d Depot Brigade.
Walker, Frank E. — Sgt., Ordnance Dept.
Walker, James J.— Pvt., S. A. T. C.
Walinski, Sygmont— Pvt. WA.
Walkowiak, Bernard A. — Driver, Polish Army.
Walkowiak, Edward J. — Pvt., Headquarters Co., Base
Hospital Center.
Walkowiak, Frank— Pvt., Co. F, 326th Infantry.
Wall, Charles E.— Pvt., 33d Co., 153d Depot Brigade.
Wall, Francis R. — Ist-class Pvt., Radio Signal Corps.
Wall, James B. — Pvt., Signal Repair Co.
Wall, J. H.— Lieut., 6th A. A. Battalion.
Wall, John H. — Lieut., 64th Aero Squadron.
Wall, Malcolm C. — Lieut., 37th Squadron Aviation.
U. S. Army
605
Wall, William P. — Lieut., Air Service.
Wallace, Fred C— Pvt., Co. K, 59th Pioneer Infantry.
Wallace, Robert A. — Pvt., Army Ambulance Service.
Wallenhorst, Raymond W.— Pvt., Co. C, 101st Field
Signal Battalion.
Walsh, Edwin L.— Pvt., Co. G, 307th Infantry. WA.
September 18, 1918.
Walsh, E. P.— Pvt., 336th Field Artillery.
Walsh, Francis V.— Pvt., V. E. A. Corps.
Walsh, Frank A.— Pvt., Co. A, 37th Infantry.
Walsh, Glenn E. — Sgt., Students' Army Training Corps.
Walsh, Gerald — Pvt., Quartermaster Corps.
Walsh, James A.— Pvt. WA.
Walsh, James J. — Pvt., 14th First Army Replacement
Depot.
Walsh, John— Pvt., Headquarters Battery, 148th F. A.
Walsh, Harry L.— Pvt., Headquarters Co., 347th Inf.
Walsh, Joseph A. — Pvt., Canadian Hospital Corps.
Walsh, Lawrence P.— Pvt., Co. G, 346th Infantry.
Walsh, Royal W.— Ist-class Pvt., 30th Aero Co., Signal
Corps.
Walsh, Walter J. — Quartermaster E.xperimental Station
Walsh, Walter R. — Corp., Headquarters Co., 153d Inf.
Walsh, Wm. — Pvt., Co. H, Carnegie Institute.
Walter, Anthony G.— Pvt., Co. D, 30th Infantry.
Walter, Charles J.— Sgt., 466th Motor Truck Co.
Walter, Eugene L. — Pvt., 153d Machine Gun Training
Camp.
Walter, Raymond G.— Pvt., 56th Balloon Co.
Walter, Raymond G.— Pvt., Battery F, 9th F. A.
Walters, Frederic L. — Pvt., 58th Canadian Battery.
Wounded August 30, 1918.
Walters, George W.— Pvt., Supply Co., 345th Infantry.
Walters, Leo M.— Pvt., Co. G, 346th Infantry.
Walters, Maurice B.— 1st Lieut., Battery C, 42d F. A.
Walters, William P.— Pvt., Co. H, 29th Engineers.
Walther, Frank C— Pvt., Battery F, 334th F. A.
Walz, Frank Y. — 1st Lieut., Medical Corps.
Walz, Matthew C— Pvt., Co. F, 306th Infantry.
Walz, Matthew— Pvt., 306th Inf. WA September
30, 1918.
Walz, Frank G.— Lieut., Medical Corps, Walter Reed
Hospital.
Walz, Raymond E. — Pvt., Medical Corps.
Walz, William M. — Assistant Inspector, Ordnance Dep.
Wanchuia, Fred J. — Pvt., Quartermaster Corps.
Wanda, Boleslaw — Sgt., 21st Engineers.
Wander, Charles R.— Sgt., 216th Field Signal Bat.
Wander, John G. — Pvt.
Wander, Raymond P.— Corp., 318th Tank Corps.
Wangrewski, Joseph — Pvt. WA.
Wanenmacher, F. A. — 1st Lieut., 26th Field Artillery.
Wannemacher, Arthur C. — Pvt., Co. L, 307th Infantry.
Wannemaeher, George F. — Pvt., 1.5th Devel. Battalion.
Warboys, Ward R.— Sgt., Camp Hospital 101.
Ward, Arthur A. — Central Officers' Training School.
Ward, Geo. 0.— Sgt., 108th Ambulance Corps.
Ward, Harry J.— Pvt., 213th Canadian Battalion,
Princess Pat Infantry. Wounded April 12, 1917 and
July 27, 1917.
Ward, James L. — Lieut. WA.
Ward, Lawrence.
Ward, Lorenzo F.— Sgt.-Major, 304th Tank Corps.
Ward, Ralph D.— Sgt., 319th Co. Tank Corps.
Ward, Robert S.— Corp., Battery D, 304th F. A.
Warden, Sydney — Pvt., 1st Provisional Air Service.
Wardrope, Robert H. — Pvt., Co. F, 29th Engineers.
Wargula, Stanley J.— Pvt., 6th Co., Dev. Battalion.
Warner, Charles A. — Corp. Wounded.
Warner, Charles J.— Pvt., Co. B, 70th Engineers.
Warner, Edward C— Capt., 15th Field Artillery.
Warner, George R. — Pvt. WA.
Warner, Joel S. — Lieut., Royal Air Force.
Warner, Henry L. — Pvt., 334th Field Artillery.
Warner, Rudolph J.— Officers' Training School, Motor
Transport Corps.
Warner, Stephen— Pvt., Co. C, 302d Ammunition Tr.
Warnke, Raymond D. — Pvt., November Replacements.
Warren, Sterling M. — Cook. WA.
Warren, William C, Jr.— Capt., Battery D, 307th F. A.
Warsetz, Edward— Pvt., Co. B, 346th Infantry.
Warych, John — Pvt.
Warzel, Joseph — Pvt., Co. F, 318th Engineers.
Warzel, Stephen M.— Pvt., 75th Spruce Squad.
Washburn, Clifford W.— Pvt., Co. B, 112th Infantry.
WA August 9, 1918, Fismette.
Washington, Leonard — Corp., Co. G, 307th Am. Train.
Wasielewski, Joseph — Pvt., Co. F, 51st Pioneer Inf.
Wasielewski, John B.— Pvt., Co. B, 153d Depot Brig.
Wasiewicz, Joseph F. — Pvt., Machine Gun Co.
Wasiewicz, Leo N.— Sgt., Co. G, 65th Infantry.
Waskowiski, John— Pvt., Co. C, 306th Infantry.
Wass, Vincent— Pvt., Co. B, 145th Infantry.
Wass, William C— Corp., Co. E, 311th Infantry. WG.
October 17, 1918.
Wassel, Andrew — Ist-class Pvt., A\'iation Park 2.
Wassel, Stephen — Pvt.
Watchorn, L. A. — 2d Lieut., Camp Di.K.
Watchom, Leroy A. — Lieut., 35th, Camp Devens.
Waters, Albert F.— Pvt., Co. G, 147th Engineers.
Waters, Edwin E.— Wagoner, Co. D, 303d Am. Train.
Waters, Jeffery F.— Sgt., S. A. T. C.
Waterson, Robert E. — Pvt., 311th Ambulance Corps.
Watkins, Frank W.— Sgt., Co. C, 302d Engineers.
Watson, Clarence M.— Pvt., Co. B, 343d Tank Battn.
Watson, Elliott— 1st Lieut., Co. B, 320th Labor Battn.
Watson, Fred W.— Pvt., Co. L, 306th Infantry.
Watson, James D.— Pvt., 308th Infantry. WA Octo-
ber 12, 1918.
Watson, Wallace W.— Ist-class Pvt., Co. C, 317th Field
Signal Battalion.
Watson, William H. — Pvt., Headquarters Co.
Watt, WilUam T.— Pvt., Co. B, 61st Infantry.
Watterson, Nicholas — Pvt., 457th Motor Truck Corps.
Watterson, Roy E.— Pvt., 5th Co., 1.53d Depot Brigade.
Wand, Eugene C— Sgt., 101st Field Signal Battalion.
Waver, William 0. — Pvt., Co. A, Base Hospital, Camp
Upton.
Wawrowski, Anthony B. — Sgt., Co. A, U. S. Guards,
13th Battalion.
Wawrynicak, Stanley— Ist-class Pvt., Co. K, 38th Inf.
WA July 15, 1918.
606
Buffalo's Part in the World War
Wayman, Edward J.— Pvt., Co. D, 3d Battalion, M. P.
Wdzielowski, Simon— Pvt., Battery E, 334t.h F. A.
Weam, William M. — Sgt., Co. L, 147th Engineers.
Weaver, Charles P. — Pvt., Headquarters, 303d Fire
Truck Co.
Weaver, Frederick W. — Corp., Co. L, 43d Infantry.
Weaver, John J. — Sgt., Co. C, 12th Ammunition Train.
Weaver, Joseph F. — Pvt., 59th Pioneer Infantry.
Weber, Albert G.— Sgt., 5th Co., 2d Regiment.
Weber, Alfred— Pvt., Co. C, 16th Infantry. WA.
August and October, 1918.
Weber, Alois— Pvt., 53d R. R. C.
Weber, Bernard J.— Sgt., S. A. T. C.
Weber, Blase J.— Corp., Co. D, 57th Coast Artillery C.
Weber, Carl H. — Pvt., Ordnance Department.
Weber, Clarence W.— Pvt., Battery A, 36th F A.
Weber, Edward P.— Pvt. WA.
Weber, Frank F.— Corp., Co. E.
Weber, Frederick C— Sgt., Co. B, 318th Engineers.
Weber, George W.— Pvt., Co. B, 348th Infantry.
Weber, Henry W.— Pvt., Co. F, 307th Infantry.
Weber, Jacob M. — Pvt.
Weber, John— Pvt., 15th Co., 6th Machine Gun Bat-
talion. WA April 13, 1918 and June 22, 1918.
Weber, Joseph A. — 152d Aero Squad.
Weber, Louis J. — Corp., Co. A, 303d Ammunition Tr.
Weber, Mathais A.— Pvt., 321st Repair Unit.
Weber, Norman E. — Pvt., Co. D, 9th Regiment.
Weber, Peter J.— Pvt., Co. F, 345th Infantry.
Weber, Wendelin C. — 1st Sgt., Motor Transport Corps.
Weber, Wendell D.— Sgt., Squadron C.
Webster, Benjamin H. — Pvt., Co. F, Engineers.
Webster, Charles D.— Ist-class Pvt., Medical, 309th Inf.
Webster, George — 2d Lieut., Coast Defense.
Webster, Harry A.— Corp., Co. A, 333d Battn. Tank C.
Webster, James A. — Pvt., 147th Canadian Battalion.
WA September 14, 1918.
Webster, Leo A. — Ist-class Pvt., Base Hospital 23.
Webster, Walter A. — Ist-class Pvt., Base Hospital,
Camp Dix.
Weccheider, Harry J. — Corp., Co. D, 302d Engineers.
WA November 2, 1918.
Wechter, Joseph A. — Pvt., Motor Transport Corps.
Weckerle, Alois J.— Pvt., Co. E., 311th Infantry.
Weeast, Daniel — Pvt., Co. D, 53d Pioneer Infantry.
Weecheider, Harry J. — Corp. WA.
Weed, William J.— 1010th Co., Unit R, Hampton Rds.
Wehrfritz, Edwin B.— Sgt., Co. B, 6th Replacement Rg.
Wehrfritz, Peter — Pvt., Co. F, 59th Pioneer Infantry.
Wehrfritz, Walter A.— 1st Sgt., 105th Spruce Squad.
Wehrum, John C. H.— Sgt. WA.
Weiczasek, Adam — Pvt., Co. A, 348th Infantry.
Weideman, Frank C— Pvt., Co. G, 59th Pioneer Inf.
Weideman, Robert H.— Pvt., Co. D, 302d Engineers.
Weidner, Frank C— Musician, C. O. T. S.
Weidt, George— Corp., 153d Depot Brigade, 21st
Military Police.
Weiffenbach, Arthur A. — Pvt., Orthopedic Sec, Medi-
cal School.
Weiffenbach, Norman E.— Pvt., Co. C, 307th Infantry.
WG June 18, 1918.
Weigand, Albert J. — Pvt., Medical, 59th Pioneer Inf.
Weigel, Anthony P.— Pvt., 7th Co., 153d Depot Brig.
Weigel, Edgar W.— Corp., S. A. T. C.
Weigel, Elmer P. — 1st Lieut., Medical Corps.
Weigel, George A.— Pvt., Co. G, 302d Ammunition Tr.
Weil, Edwin J.— Sgt., Co. E, 309th Infantry. WA
October 16, 1918.
Weil, Lester I.— Pvt., Co. A, 308th Infantry.
Weill, Allan D. — Corp., Quartermaster Corps.
Weill, Elmer P. — Master Gunner, Coast Artillery C.
Weigel, Norman E. — 2d Lieut., Ordnance Department.
Weil, Warren D.— Corp., Co. A, 346th Infantry.
Weiler, Jacob— Pvt., Co. H, 129th Infantry.
Weill, Ralph A.— Wagoner, Co. C, 101st Machine Gun
Battalion.
Weimar, George J. — Pvt., 332d Fire Guards.
Weimer, Charles— Sgt., 326th Infantry.
Weinig, Raymond P.— Pvt., Co. A, 303d Am. Train.
Weinmar, Louis — Pvt., Co. A, 303d Ammunition Train.
Weinreber, Christ — Pvt., Medical, 302d Ammunition
Train. WA October 5, 1918.
Weise, George T.— Pvt., Co. B, 347th Infantry.
Weisbar, Wilford J. — Pvt., Bakers' and Cooks' School.
Weiser, Bernard J.— Pvt., S. A. T. C.
Weisner, Edward J. — Pvt., Headquarters.
Weiss, George J.— Pvt., Co. F, 311th Infantry. WA
November 2, 1918.
Weiss, Godfrey H.— Corp. WA.
Weiss, Paul M.— Pvt., Co. B, Repair Unit 311.
Weist, Robt. H.— Pvt., 306th Aero Squadron. WA.
Weissgerber, Milo H. — Pvt., Co. F, 101st Engineers.
WA July 16, 1918.
Weitz, Edwin R. — Pvt., 5th Aero Squadron.
Weitz, Emanuel A. — Corp., Headquarters, 60th Inf.
Wells, Lawrence G.— Corp., 403d Field Signal Battn.
Welch, Edward — Pvt., Co. A, 51st Pioneer Infantry,
Welch, James T. — Ist-class Pvt., Ordnance Dep. Co.
Welch, Stuart C. — Lieut., Signal Reserve Corps, Royal
Aviation Force.
Welch, Thomas, Jr.— Pvt., Co. B, 61st Infantry.
Welch, William C— Pvt. WA.
Welker, Edmund J.— Pvt., Co. K, 347th Infantry.
Welker, Robert S.— Corp., Co. F, 116th Engineers.
Weiler, Jacob A.— Corp., 302d Sanitary Train.
Wells, Frank H.— Pvt., Co. D, 311th Infantry. M. A.
Wells, George R.— Pvt., Co. A, A. S. M. S.
Wende, Bernhardt — Eng. Sgt.
Wende, Harry — Veteran, Bureau Animal Industry.
Wende, Kenefick — Corp.
Wende, Herman J.— Corp., 63d Co., 153d Depot Brig.
Wende, John A.— 1st Lieut., A. V. C, 106th F. A.
Wendell, Byron M.— Ist-class Pvt., Supply Co. 36th
Field Artillery.
Wendt, Henry W. — 1st Lieut., Ordnance Dept.
Wenger, Edward C— Pvt., Co. A, 339th Machine Gun
Battalion.
Wenger, Norman W.— Corp., Co. C, 307th Infantry.
Wenneman, Fredie J.
Wenrich, Harry K.— Sgt., Co. D, 120th Engineers.
Weppner, Howard L. — 1st Sgt., Base Hospital 23.
Werkley, Harrington— Pvt., Mach.Gun Co., 311th Inf.
U. S. Army
607
Werner, Albert M.— Pvt., Co. G, Aberdeen Proving Gr.
Werner, Benjamin— Pvt., Co. D, 336th Machine Gun
Battahon.
Werner, Edward — Wagoner, Co. G, 20th Engineers.
Werner, George H. — 302d Engineers.
Werner, Joseph G.— Corp., Battery E, 36th F. A.
Werner, Louis A. — Corp., Quartermaster Corps.
Wertimer, Sidney — 1st Lieut., 24th Aero Squadron.
WA October, 1918.
Wertz, Guilford S.— 1st Sgt., 505th Aero Squad.
Wertz, Harold B.— 1st Lieut., Co. D, 18th Infantry.
Wesolik, Max— Sgt., Co. A, 514th Engineers.
Werwiebe, Frank L.— Sgt., Co. H, S. A. T. C.
Wesolowski, A.— Pvt., Co. G, 307th Field Ambulance.
Wesolowski, Martia— Corp., Co. F, 53d Pioneer Inf.
Wesolowski, Michael— Pvt., Co. B, 328th Infantry.
Wesolowski, WilUam — Pvt.
Wesp, Milford E.— Sgt., 22d Prov., Camp Humphreys.
West, Henry N.— Pvt., 153d Depot Brigade.
West, William— Pvt., Co. H, 311th Infantry. WG
October, 1918.
Westby, Frank — Pvt., Aviation Corps.
Westcott, Carlton J.— Pvt., Co. C, 304th Tank Corps.
WA September, 1918.
Westphal, Harry G. — Headquarters, 327th Infantry.
WA, Argonne.
Westenberger, Joseph C. — Pvt., Co. B, 302d Engineers.
Westfield, John S.— Pvt.
Westlock, John A.— Pvt., Co. G, 345th Infantry.
Westphal, Herbert W.— Pvt., 4th Co., 23d Photo Sec.
Westphal, Roy H.— Sgt., Battery F, 13th F. A.
Wetter, Edwin J.— Corp., 72d Balloon Co.
Wetter, Louis C— Corp., Co. D, 306th Infantry.
Whalen, Edward A.— Corp., Battery B, 335th F. A.
Whalen, John J.— Pvt., 2d Co., F. A. F. D.
Whalley, Edwin — Pvt., Headquarters, 311th Infantry.
WA October 23, 1918.
Wheeler, Daniel L.— Pvt., Co. M, 151st Depot Brig.
Wheeler, David R. — Capt., 6th Division.
Wheeler, Edward L. — Pvt., Quartermaster Corps.
Wheeler, Ernest S.— Colonel, 340th Field Artillery.
Wheeler, Frederic E.— 1st Lieut., Battery F, 302d F. A.
Wheeler, Harry C— Pvt., 65th R. T. C.
Wheeler, John F. — Pvt., Headquarters, 103d Engineers.
Wheeler, John S. — Corp., Co. F, 51st Pioneer Infantry.
Wheeler, Leroy M. — 2d Lieut., 495th Aero Squadron.
Wheeler, Willard C— Pvt., Training Co. 22.
Wheelock, Carl E.— Pvt., Headquarters, 102d Am. Tr.
Whelan, D. W.— Pvt., Co. C, 311th Infantry. WA
Whenay, Douglas — Pvt., 152d Depot Brigade.
Whinihan, Sylvester M. — Pvt. WA.
Whissel, Albert C— Pvt., Co. C, 17th Engineers. WA.
Whistler, Lawrence V. — Sgt., Base Hospital 23.
Whitbeck, Donald M. — Pvt., American Ambulance Co.
Whitby, James L.— Pvt., Machine Gun Co., 346th Inf.
Whitcomb, Howard 0. — Pvt.
White, Arthur M.— Sgt., 114th Transport Corps.
White, Alexander — Pvt., Co. H, 2d Infantry.
White, Arthur E.— Pvt., 18th Co., 152d Depot Brigade.
White, Arthur M.— Sgt., Co. E, 309th Infantry.
White, Chester A. — Pvt., School Radio Mechanics.
White, Elmer N.^Pvt., Co. H, 311th Infantry. WG.
September, 1918.
White, Frank D.— Pvt., S. A. T. C.
White, Fred M.— Pvt., Machine Gun Co., 348th Inf.
White, George F.— Pvt., 303d Military Police.
White, George H.— Pvt., Co. F, 27th Coast Artillery C.
White, George H.— Corp., Co. B, 19th Battalion, C. E.
F. W and G August 12, 1917, and April 10, 1918.
White, Howard A. — 2d Lieut., U. S. Military Academy.
White, John A. — Sgt., Co. A, First Army Replacement
Depot.
White, John E. — Sgt., Air Service.
White, Kenneth C— Corp. WA.
White, Prescott M.— Pvt., Co. B, 309th Machine Gun
Battalion. WA November 8, 1918.
White, Ray H. — Corp., Headquarters, C. M. S.
White, Richard N.— 1st Lieut., 31st Machine Gun Batt.
White, Warner G. — 1st Lieut., Engineer Corps.
White, W. F. — Sgt., Royal Engineer Corps.
Whitehead, Geo. W. — 2d Lieut., Air Service.
Whiting, Lloyd M. — 2d Lieut., Motor Transport Corps.
Whitman, Charles — Pvt.
Whitman, Geo. H.— Pvt., 153d Depot Brigade.
Whitney, Charles S.— Pvt. WA.
Whitney, Willis.
Whittaker, Edward D.— Pvt., 63d Royal Transport C.
Whittaker, Joseph J.— Pvt. WA.
Whittom, Russell N. — Pvt., 2d Battalion Engineers.
Wiborg, Abner H.— Sgt., 334th Battalion Tank Corps.
Wic, Paul— Pvt. WA.
Wichowski, Leonard R. — Wagoner, Co. C, 102d Am. Tr.
Wick, Albert G.— Pvt. WA.
Wick, Frank M.— Corp., Battery F,36th Field Artillery.
Wick, Joseph F.— Pvt., 7th Co., 157th Depot Brigade.
Wick, Samuel E.— Corp., Co. E, 29th Engineers.
Wicz, John— Pvt., Co. K, 346th Infantry.
Widmer, Frank — Sgt., Machine Gun Co., 63d Infantry.
Wieczanek, Joseph — Corp., Battery D, 35th F. A.
Wieczarek, Ignac L. — Pvt., U. S. Guards.
Wiedel, John B.— Pvt., Co. L, 311th Infantry.
Wiedeman, Charles A. — Pvt., Co. D, 302d Engineers.
WA October 31, 1918.
Wieder, William — Ist-class Pvt., Medical Detachment.
Wiegand, John— Pvt. WA.
Wieland, Charles— Pvt., Co. H, 348th Infantry.
Wieland, Chester P.— Pvt., U. S. Guards.
Wieland, David G.— Pvt., 20th Co., 153d Depot Brig.
Wieland, Edwin L.— Pvt., Co. H, 346th Infantry.
Wieland, Herbert N. — Pvt., Machine Gun Troop, 5th
Cavalry.
Wieland, John— Pvt., Co. B, 302d Engineers.
Wielgosz, William — Ist-class Pvt., 3d Co., 152d D. Brig.
Wielkewicz, Jozef— Pvt., Co. F, 326th Infantry.
Wieritsch, Henry— Pvt., 31st Co., 153d Depot Brig.
Wiertel, Michael — Pvt., Depot Brigade.
Wierun, Thornton B. — Wagoner, Headquarters, 312 Inf.
Wierzbowski, Anthony J. — Pvt., Ord. Rep. Shop, 3d Co.
Wierzbowski, Vincent K. — Pvt., Co. C, 40th Infantry.
Wiese, Oscar— Pvt., Battery F, 334th Field Artillery.
Wiesnet, Albert— Pvt., Co. L, 306th Infantry.
Weiss, Edwin — Corp., Co. H, 5fith Engineers.
608
Buffalo's Part in the World War
Weiss, Godfrey H.— Corp., Co. F, 147th Infantry. WA.
November 10, 1918.
Wietrzynski, John — Pvt., Camp Vail.
Wiggins, Howard J. — Corp., 440th Squadron.
Wight, William F.— Pvt., Co. A, 303d Infantry.
Wightman, Guy W.— Lieut., 149th Field Artillery.
Wightman, Robert B. — Pvt., 55th Pioneer Infantry.
Wilbur, Paul— Corp. WA November 1, 1918.
Wilcovek, George — Co. E, 7th Infantry. WA, Argonne.
Wilcox, Raymond J.— Pvt., Co. E, 147th Infantry. WG
September 30, 1918.
Wilczewski, Joseph J. — Pvt. WA.
Wilczynski, Bronislaw— Pvt., Co. H, 326th Infantry.
WG October 10, 1918.
Wild, Edward J.— Pvt., Co. I, 35th Engineers.
Wild, Henry C— Pvt., Field Hospital 13.
Wild, Ray J.— Mechanic, Co. H, 348th Infantry.
Wilden, Miner P.— Ist-class Sgt., Co. B, 334th Tank C.
Wiles, Charles J.— Pvt., Supply Co., 346th Infantry.
Wiles, Lynn L. — Pvt., 32d Coast Artillery Corps.
Wilgus, Edward P.— Sgt., 106th Supply Train.
Wilhelm, Arthur F.— Pvt., 4th Signal Corps.
Wilhelm, Fred— Pvt., 311th Inf. WG October, 1918.
Wilhelm, Karl— Lieut., 308th Infantry. Wounded.
Wiliewski, Wladyslaw — Pvt. WA.
Wilker, Leo J.— Pvt., Co. M, 345th Infantry.
Wilkes, Edward M. — Seaman, Naval Training Station.
Wilkes, Kneeland B. — 2d Lieut., Coast Artillery Corps.
Wilkeson, Morton H.— 2d Lieut., M. T. S. 1.
Wilkeson, Joseph G. — Cadet, Air Service.
Will, Arthur E.— 2d Lieut., Co. G, 325th Infantry.
Will, Nicholas R.— Pvt., 312th Ammunition Train.
Willard, Charles H.— Pvt., Co. E, 304th Am. Train.
Willard, F. B.— Capt., Medical.
Willert, Peter— Pvt., 39th Co., 10th Training Battalion.
Willard, Frederick B. — Capt., Medical Corps.
Willert, William— Pvt., Co. M, 146th Infantry.
Willerth, Wm. F.— Pvt., 22d Co., 6th Battalion, M. P.
Willett, Joseph A. — Pvt., 1st Army Headquarters.
Wiliewski, Wladyslaw— Pvt. WA.
Willgens, Millard L.— Sgt., Co. F, 4th Motor Supply C.
Williams, Allen F.— Pvt., Co. B, 136th Engineers.
Williams. Charles — Pvt.
Williams, Charles— Pvt., Battery F, 306th F. A.
Williams, Charles D.— Pvt., Co. E, 61st Infantry.
Williams, Charles L.— Pvt., Co. B.
Williams, Clarence J.— Pvt., Co. D, 305th Machine
Gun Battalion.
Williams, Edward — Radio Operator.
Williams, Emanuel J.— Pvt., Co. B, 306th Infantry.
Williams, Frank — Wagoner, Supply Co., 307th Inf.
Williams, Frank D. — Pvt.
Williams, Frank J.— Sgt., Heavy Tank Corps 301.
Wounded September 29, 1918.
Williams, Garnet C. — Pvt., Headquarters, 53d Infantry.
Williams, George E. — Pvt., 304th Ammunition Train.
Williams, Harry P. — Pvt.
Williams, Ira F.— Pvt., Co. F, 304th Am. Train. WA.
Williams, Irving — 2d Lieut. Unassigned.
Williams, Irving S. — Pvt., Co. A, 37th Engineers.
Williams, James — Pvt., Headquarters, 1st Division.
Williams, James F.— 2d Lieut., Co. I, 26th Infantry.
WA October 5, 1918.
Williams, John A.— Pvt., Co. D, 102d Engineers.
Williams, John R.— Pvt., Sanitary Service Unit 562.
Williams, John R.— Pvt., Co. E, 46th Coast Artillery C.
Williams, Lawrence G. — 1st Lieut., 304th Am. Train.
Williams, Martin S.— Co. B, U. S. Guards, 1st Battalion.
Williams, Reginald V. — Major, 46th Field Artillery.
Williams, William — Pvt., Base Hospital.
Williamson, Arthur D. — Sgt., Dept. of Aeronautics.
Williamson, Eugene E. — Ist-class Pvt., Base Hosp. 23.
Williamson, Francis E. — Sgt. WA.
Williamson, John — Sgt., 38th Coast Artillery Corps.
Williamson, George E. — Pvt., Co. B, 302d Engineers.
Williamson, Thos. C— Pvt., Co. B, 303d Am. Train.
Willig, Celestin E.— Pvt., 301st Motor Transport C.
Wills, James A.— Pvt. WA.
Willsey, Erwin J. — Sgt., Quartermaster Corps.
Wilson, Amos F. — Sgt., 1st Transport Dept.
Wilson, Charles — Pvt., Headquarters, 327th Infantry.
Wilson, Charles W.— Pvt., S. A. T. C.
Wilson, Chester J.— Corp., Co. B, 311th Tank Corps.
Wilson, Frank J. — Corp., Co. B, 3d Prov. Regiment.
Wilson, Frank L. — Corp., Co. E, 55th Pioneer Infantry.
Wilson, Henry A. — Pvt., Headquarters, 53d Engineers.
Wilson, James B. — 1st Lieut., Supply Co., 811th Inf.
Wilson, James F. — Sgt., 38th Coast Artillery Corps.
Wilson, James T. M.— Pvt., 1st Canadian Tank Battn.
Wilson, Lawrence R. — Pvt., Headquarters, 347th Inf.
Wilson, Raymond W. — Corp., Co. D, 305th Machine
Gun Battalion.
Wilson, Richard J.— Pvt., S. A. T. C.
Wilson, Robert J. — Central Officers' Training School,
47th Training Battery.
Wilson, Stewart D. — Pvt., Co. F, 2d Pioneers.
Wilson, Walter M.— Sgt., Co. A, 4th Battalion, Chem-
ical Warfare Service.
Wilson, Wm. E. — Pvt., Headquarters, 307th Infantry.
Wimber, Fred G. — Pvt., 53d Transport Corps.
Wimmer, Edward J. — Pvt., Vocational Unit.
Wincher, Ellsworth M.— 1st Lieut., Co. L, 319th Infan-
try. WA October 12, 1918.
Windnagle, Warren G. — Pvt., Co. C, Military Police.
Windisch, Harry E. — Pvt., 8th Co., Machine Gun
Training Center.
Windrath, R. V.— Pvt., Co. B, 31st Engineers.
Wing, Charles N. — Corp., Co. D, 51st Pioneer Infantry.
Wing, George— Sgt., Co. B, 308th Machine Gun Battn.
Wing, Horace G. — Pvt., Co. A, 53d Infantry.
Wingels, Joseph — Pvt., Co. D, 18th Infantry. WA.
May 25, 1918.
Winkler, Albert — Pvt., Co. A, 2d First Army Replace-
ment Depot.
Winkler, Albert J. — Lieut., Quartermaster Corps.
Winkler, Edward F.— Pvt., Co. F, 61st Infantry. WA
October 13, 1918.
Winkler, William C— Pvt., Headquarters, S. O. S.
Winkowski, John— Pvt. WA October 30, 1918.
Winstel, Edwin L.— Corp., Supply Co., 309th F. A.
Winstel, Elmer J. — Pvt., 4th Air Service.
Winstel, Roy L.— Pvt., Co. B, 37th Engineers.
U. S. Army
609
Winter, Cyril — 1102d Aero Squadron.
Winter, George A.— Pvt., Co. D, 7th Infantry.
Winter, Joseph G.— Pvt., Co. B, 303d Ammunition Tr.
Wintermantel, Jos.— Pvt., S. A. T. C.
Winters, Chester T.— Pvt., Co. C, 303d Ammunition Tr.
Winzenried, August A.— Pvt., 481st Motor Trans. C.
Winzenried, Adolph G.— Pvt., Co. E, 306th Infantry.
Wiot, Frank C. — Pvt., Co. D, General Headquarters.
Wirges, Clarence— Pvt., S. A. T. C.
Wirges, Ottomar E.— Corp., 3d U. S. Coast Guards.
Wirges, William F. — Ist-class Pvt., Personnel Office,
15th Division.
Wirth, Carl N. — Cook, Quartermaster Corps.
Wirth, Henry F. — Sgt., Quartermaster Corps.
Wiscamp, Anthony F. — Corp., 4th Co., 153d Depot B.
Wischerath, Lambert J. — 1st Sgt., Quartermaster Corps
Wiser, Armand E. — Sgt., Headquarters, 153d Depot B.
Wisniewski, Antoni — Pvt., 2d Battalion.
Wisniewski, Bernard C. — Pvt., 5th Camp Replacement.
Wisniewski, Boleslaw — Pvt., Co. B, 16th Battalion.
Wisniewski, Bronislaus — Pvt., 3d Co., 1st Battalion.
Wisniewski, Casimer — Pvt., 153d Depot Brigade.
Wisniewski, Felix — Pvt., Co. G, 65th Infantry.
Wisniewski, Ambrose — Pvt., 64th Co., 153d Depot B.
Wisniewski, Bronislaus — Pvt., Co. E, 16th Battalion.
Wisniewski, Brownie — Pvt., Co. C, 51st Pioneer Inf.
Wisniewski, Frank— Pvt., Co. C, 347th Infantry.
Wieniewski, Ignatius — Pvt., 1st Battery, First Army
Replacement Depot. WA October 20, 1918.
Wisniewski, J. M.— Pvt., Co. F, 13th Regiment.
Wisniewski, .Joseph— Pvt., Co. H, 348th Infantry.
Wisniewski, Walter — Pvt., Battery A, 77th F. A.
Wister, Oswald P.— Pvt., Co. B, 13th Battalion.
Witek, Frank— Pvt., Co. B, 328th Infantry.
Witkowski, Frank — Pvt., Co. G, Depot Brigade.
Witkowski, Alexander— Pvt., 9th Co., 153d Depot B.
Witkowski, Leo E. — Pvt., Co. K, 51st Pioneer Infantry.
Witkowski, Leon — Pvt., Co. B, 59th Pioneer Infantry.
Witkowski, Walter V.— Sgt., 8th Co., 155th Depot B.
Witowski, Frank — Lieut., Camp Hancock.
Witowski, Louis — Corp., 9th Machine Gun Battalion.
Witt, Elmer A.— Sgt.-Major, 14th First Army Replace-
ment Depot.
Witte, Carl A.— Sgt., Quartermaster Corps, Camp Dix.
Witke, Richard E. — Pvt., 2d First Army Replacement
Depot.
Wittig, Lee F. — Sgt., Headquarters, 312th Am. Train.
Wittmer, Edward J.— Pvt.. 151st Depot Brigade.
Witucki, Frank J.— Pvt., Co. B, 347th Infantry.
Witulski, Alexander— Pvt., Co. E, 306th Infantry. WA
October 13, 1918.
Witzel, Albert H.— Pvt., Coast Artillery Corps, 5th
Art, Engineers.
Witzel, Alfred J. — Sgt., Quartermaster Corps.
Witzel, Frank M.— Pvt., Motor Transport Corps 616.
Wlodarczyk, Andrew — Pvt., Co. A, 348th Infantry.
Wlodaeczyk, Joseph— Pvt., Co. K, 7th Infantry. WA
July 16, 1918.
Wockasen, Helmuth F.— Sgt., Supply Co., 49th Inf.
Wodarczak, Frank— Pvt., Co. H, 306th Infantry. WG
September 25, 1918.
Wodarczyk, Joe— Pvt., Co. K, 7th Infantry. WA
July 15, 1918.
Wodarzak, Joseph — Pvt., 19th Co., 153d Depot Brigade.
Wode, Valentine— Pvt., Co. H, 348th Infantry.
Wodehouse, Bruce A.— 2d Lieut., 10th Battn., R. T. C.
Wodzukowski, Simeon— Pvt., Battery E, 334th F. A.
Woelfle, Frederic C— Pvt., Co. C, U. S. Guard.
Woefel, Norman F. C— Ist-class Pvt., Co. E, 311th Inf.
Woesner, Ralph G.— Pvt., Co. A, 303d Am. Train.
Wagenbach, George E. — Pvt., Co. E, 214th Engineers.
Wohlleben, Eugene E.— Ist-class Pvt., Co. A, 302d Eng.
Wojack, Ignatius V. — Pvt., Headquarters, Guards.
WA August, 1918.
Wojciak, Frank — Pvt.
Wojciechowski, Peter P.— Pvt., Co. C, 306th Inf. WA
November 5, 1918.
Wojciechowski, Walter — Pvt., Co. B, 346th Infantry.
Wojciechowski, Walter S.— Pvt., Co. A, 346th Inf.
Wojcieszak, Joseph— Pvt., 20th Co., 5th Battalion.
Wojcik, Peter— Pvt., U. S. Engineers. WA.
Wojcik, Stanislaw— Pvt., Supply Co., 7th Artillery.
Wojcinski, Joseph— Pvt., Co. C, 38th Infantry. WA
October 17, 1918.
Wojcinski, L. — Pvt., U. S. General Hospital.
Wojczynski, Anthony — Sgt.
Wojek, John— Pvt., 16th Co., 153d Depot Brigade.
Wojtowic, A. — Pvt., Engineers Corps.
Wojtowicz, George J.— Corp., Battery E, 68th F. A.
Wojtkowski, Stanley E.— Pvt., Co. B, 103d Sup. Tr.
Wolanski, Henry— Pvt. WA.
Wolbrecht, Anthony I.— Corp., Base Hospital 78.
Wounded November 1, 1918.
Wolbrecht, Isidor M.— Pvt., 3d Dep. Battalion.
Wolcott, Luther C. — Rec. Officer, Sherman and Texas.
Wolf, Arthur H.— Corp., Co. D, 305th Machine Gun B.
Wolf, Charles— Pvt., Co. K, 116th Engineers.
Wolf, Charles F.— Pvt., Co. C, S. A. T. C.
Wolf, Edwin— Pvt., Co. C, 307th Infantry.
Wolf, George— Pvt., Co. B, 128th Engineers.
Wolf, George J.— Pvt., Co. F, 326th Infantry.
Wolf, George J. — Pvt., Det. Aircraft Production.
Wolf, John H.— Pvt., Co. B, 302d Ammunition Train.
Wolf, Martin— Pvt.
Wolf, Ralph J.— 1st Sgt., S. A. T. C.
Wolf, Robert M.— Sgt., Co. A, S. A. T. C.
Wolfe, Joseph A. — Pvt., Quartermaster Corps, 32d Div.
Wolfe, Avery R.— Pvt., S. S. U. 633.
Awarded Croix de Guerre for carrying away wounded under fire.
Wolfe, John M.— Pvt., S. C. 34.
Wolfe, Otis J.— Sgt., 318th Tank Corps.
Wolff, Carl P.— Pvt., 61st Co., 153d Depot Brigade.
Wolff, Carl W.— Bugler, 7th Co., U. S. C. G.
Wolff, John A. — Limited Service.
Wolff, Lester E.— Sgt. WA.
Wolff, William B.— Pvt., Co. A, 303d Supply Train.
Wolffe, Louis— 2d Lieut.. Quartermaster Corps.
Wollschlaeger, Edw. H. — Mechanic, Headquarters,
153d Depot Brigade.
Wolriewicz, Ignatius— Pvt., Battery F, 60th F. A.
Wolpert, David— Pvt., Co. C, 346th Infantry.
Wolput, Donald — Pvt., Camp Zachary Taylor.
610
Buffalo's Part in the World War
Wolski, Henry — Pvt.
Wolski, Joe— Pvt., Supply Co., 311th Infantry.
Wolter, Harvey G.— Pvt., Co. B, 306th Infantry.
Welter, Palmer C— Pvt., Supply Co., 9th Infantry.
Wonacott, Silas— Pvt., Supply Battery, 77th F. A.
Wonnacott, Arthur J. — Observer, Brig. Headquarters,
163d Infantry.
Wonnacott, Thomas W. — Pvt., Veteran Detachment.
Wood, Alton P.— Sgt., Battery B, 32d Field Artillery.
Wood, Frederick W. — Sgt., Air Service Squadron Y.
Wood, Harold — Pvt. Wounded.
Woodward, Arthur G.— Corp., Co. L, 118th Infantry.
W October, 1918, St. Souplet.
Wopperer, Frank C. — Sgt., 820th Aero Squadron.
Work, William J.— Pvt., Headquarters, 303d Am. Tr.
Worley, August J.— Pvt., Unit 302 Motor Truck Corps.
Worlock, Walter B.— Sgt., Headquarters, 37th Engin-
eers. WA July 19, 1918.
Wormer, Thos. A.— Corp., 8th Co., 153d Depot Brig.
Worthbroker, George — Pvt., General Hospital 13.
Woss, Anthony— Pvt., Machine Gun Co., 306th Inf.
Wowkowski, Felix — Pvt., Base Hospital 100.
Woyna, Herman— Pvt., 310th Field Artillery.
Wozniak, Joseph — Pvt., Headquarters, 51st Pioneer Inf.
Wozniak, Joseph S.— Pvt., Co. A, 346th Infantry.
Wozniak, Joseph L. — 1st Lieut., Evacuation Hosp. 31.
Wozniak, Stanley — Pvt., Headquarters, 30th Infantry.
Wozniak, Stephen — Pvt., Headquarters, 53d Tank C.
Wozniak, Steve A. — Pvt., 9th Trench Motor Battery.
Wozniak, Thaddeus R.— 1st class Pvt., 153d Depot B.
Wright, Arthur E.— 102d Co., 2d Regiment.
Wright, Harry J.— Pvt., Co. A, 329th Infantry.
Wright, John C. — Lieut., Unit 8 Remount.
Wright, Thew — Major, Medical Corps.
Wright, Wm. Burnett — Major, Sanitary Corps.
Wright, Wm. J.— Pvt., Co. D, 306th Machine Gun Bn.
Wrigley, Winfred E. — Pvt., Motor Transport Corps731.
Wroblewski, Frank— Pvt. WA. October 14, 1918.
Wroblewski, Stephen L. — Pvt., Co. B, Chemical War-
fare Service.
Wronick, William J.— Pvt., Supply Co., 319th Infantry.
Wronski, Anastasius— Pvt., Battery A, 336th F. A.
Wuenst, Edmund M.— Corp., Battery E, 335th F. A.
Wujek, Ignacy L.— Pvt., Co. H, 319th Infantry.
Wujek, Leo F.— Pvt. WA.
Wloch, John— Pvt., Co. H, 325th Infantry.
Wujek, Stanislaus V. — Pvt., First Army Replacement
Depot, 1st Battery.
Wunderlich, Fred— IPvt., Co. E, 347th Infantry.
Wunderlich, George— Pvt., Co. E, 306th Infantry.
Wundes, Jay R.— Pvt., Co. E, 305th Infantry.
Wurster, George F. — Pvt., 160th Depot Brigade.
Wurster, John— Pvt., Co. D, 148th Infantry.
Wurstner, Frank— Pvt., Co. D. 347th Infantry.
Wurzer, Frank— P\^., Co. A, 311th Infantry. 1st Batt.
Wutz, Louis — Pvt., 731st Motor Transport Corps.
Wydra, Joseph— Pvt., Co. K, 346th Infantry.
Wylegalo, Frank S.— Pvt. WA July 18, 1918.
Wylegalo, Leo J. — Corp. WA.
Wylegalo, Victor B. — 1st Lieut.
Wyman, Rollin A. — Pvt., 56th Spruce Squadron.
Wypijewski, Stanley H.— Pvt., Co. A, 302d Engineers.
WG October 6, 1918.
Wypy, Frank— Pvt., Co. A, 348th Infantry.
Wyrymblewski, George — Pvt., Co. A, 1st Army Mili-
tary Police Battalion.
Wysocki, Anthony F.— Pvt., Co. G, 306th Infantry.
Missing in action.
Wyzykowski, Joseph — Pvt., Co. B, 347th Infantry.
Yaeger, Adolph C. — Pvt. Wounded.
Yallowich, Isaac M.— Acting Sgt., Co. G, 311th.
Yans, Herman L. — Sgt., Motor Transport Corps 803.
Yecker, Francis A. — Provost Guard.
Yecker, George J. — Co. G, 346th Infantry.
Yecker, Louis E. — 7th Co., 2d Battery Depot Brigade.
Yelen, Michael M. — Pvt., Headquarters, 55th F. A.
Yellen, Hiram S.— Lieut., Ambulance 321, 306th Sani-
tary Train.
Yellen, Jack S.— Pvt., Training Battery 41, Field Artil-
lery, Central Officers' Training School, Camp Zachary
Taylor, Louisville, Ky.
Yelvington, Jess Rosco — Pvt., Co. B, Signal.
Yentzen, John — Wagoner. WA.
Yiengst, George B.— Sgt., 1st Battery, F. A. R. R.
Yost, Alexander— Pvt., Co. C, 6th Battalion. WA.
Yost, Carl A.— Pvt. WA.
Yost, Frederick D.— Machine Gun Co., 309th Inf. WA
October 19, 1918.
Yost, Joseph B. — Pvt., Engineers.
Yost, Wm.— Pvt., Co. C, 6th Battalion. G Oct. 9, 1918.
Youll, James J.— Pvt., Co. B, Tank Corps, 326th Gun.
YouU, Roy A. — Sgt., 4th Detach. Aviation Corps.
Youmans, Charles D.— Ist-class Pvt., Co. F, 23d Inf.
Young, Albert W.— Pvt., Co. M, 311th.
Young, Alfred A. — 2d Lieut., Co. A, 62d Pioneers.
Young, Arthur— Co. G, 346th Infantry.
Young, Charles A. — Corp., Headquarters, 11th First
Army Replacement Depot.
Young, Charles A.— Pvt., Co. C, 148th Infantry.
Young, Clayton — Pvt., Medical Department, 148th
Infantry, Machine Gun Co. WG September 27th
and October 29, 1918.
Young, David G.— Co. G, 19th.
Young, Edward J.— Pvt., Co. C, 302d Engineers.
Young, George J.— Sgt., 20th Field Artillery.
Young, Herbert J. — 299th Aero Squadron, Carnegie
Tech., Pittsburgh, Pa.
Young, Jacob — Sgt., Medical Corps.
Young, Jacob J. — Cook. WA.
Young, John F. — Sgt.-Major, Co. A, Aero Squadron.
Young, Raymond J. — Co. G, Squadron G, Squadron,
Kelly Field, Tex.
Young, Roy E.— Pvt., 18th Battery, 75th Regiment.
Young, William F., Jr.— Corp., Co. C, 148th Infantry.
Young, William J. — Pvt., Co. F, 103d Engineers.
Youngman, Elmer G. H.— Pvt., 419th Depot Detch.
Yousett, Irv-ing J.— Corp., Co. G, 307th Am. Train Co.
Yousett, John P. — Wagoner, 302d Engineers.
Yuhnke, Louis J. — Corp., Co. D, 303d Supply Train.
Yuhnke, Melvin H.— Pvt., Co. F, 307th.
Zabaldo, Charles— Base Hospital, Camp Hancock.
Zabel, Frederick W. — Inspector, Veterinary Corps.
U. S. Army
611
Zackrzewski, John — Pvt., Co. P, 19th Engineers.
Zagrovnek, Mad.— Pvt., Co. C, 115th U. S. Infantry.
WA October 25, 1918.
Zahn, John A.— Pvt., 307th F. T. and H. Co.
Zallei, Ned E.— Pvt. WA.
Zajac, Frank— 309th Infantry.
Zajac, Stanislaus— Pvt., Co. A, 346th U. S. Infantry.
Zajac, Stanley T.— Pvt., Co. C, 346th U. S. Infantry.
Zakowski, John F.— Pvt., Co. 9, Trench Mortar Batt.
Zakowski, Stephen — Pvt., 7th Co., Training Battalion.
Zakszeski, Eugen— Pvt., 11th Co., 152d Depot Brigade.
Zalikowski, Frank F.— Pvt., Co. D, Machine Gun Bat-
tahon, 6th Battalion.
Zalikowski, Tony W. — Pvt., 302d Ammunition Train.
Zamiara, William — Rec. Ship Annex, 1st Sec, 5th Div.
Zamuski, Joseph R. — Pvt., Bakery 8.
Zanchowicz, Bronislaus— Pvt., 10th Co., 3d R. D. Dev.
Zandy, Theodore— Cook, 4th Co., M. G. T. C.
Zaskowski, John Frank— Pvt., 17th 2d Battery.
Zawadski, Kazimier — Pvt., Field Remount Squad. 342.
Zawadski, Louis — Reg. Sup. Sgt., 354th Infantry.
Zbyszewski, Stanley — Pvt., Ordnance Department.
Zawieruszynski, Joseph P. — Pvt., Co. A, 346th Inf.
Zdrojewski, Bronislaus— Corp., Co. C, 307th U. S. Inf.
Zdrojewski, Stefan — Pvt.
Zeitler, Edwin J. — Musician, Headquarters, 302d Eng.
Zeller, Nicholas J.— Pvt., Co. H, 329th U. S. Infantry.
Zeman, John W.— Pvt., Co. F, 102d Engineers.
Zenger, Edward J.— Pvt., 147th U. S. Motor Supply.
Zenger, George F.— Pvt., 469th Tank Corps.
Zenner, Robert Adam— Pvt., Co. E, 150th D. Brigade.
Zenner, Walter P.— Pvt., Headquarters, 312th Sup. Tr.
Zerkowski, Adam — Pvt. WA.
Zerkowski, Andrew — Corp., Battery B, 11th F. A.
Zesut, Adam — Pvt., Co. B, 1st Camp Gordon.
Zglinicki, Frank— Pvt., B-lOth Battalion V. S. G.
Zraikowski, Thomas — 22d Co., 6th Battery, Camp Dix,
Military Police.
Ziburske, August— Pvt., Co. C, 306th U. S. Infantry.
Ziefski, Frank — Pvt. Prisoner.
Ziegler, William P.— Pvt., Co. A, 162d U. S. Infantry.
Zielinski, Al. P.— Pvt., 311th U. S. Infantry.
Zielinski, Edmund B.— Pvt., Co. I, 7th Infantry.
Zielinski, John— Pvt., Co. H, 322d Inf. WA, Verdun.
Zielinski, Leonard E. — Pvt., 2d Regiment.
Zielinski, Vincent V. — Corp., Co. B, 306th Infantry.
Cited for extraordinary heroism, at St. Juvin, October 15, 1918.
Distinguished Service Cross, Croix de Guerre.
Zielinski, Vincent H.— Pvt. WA.
Zielinski, Walter — Medical Reserve.
Zieman, August — 346th U. S. Infantry.
Ziems, Herbert H.— Pvt., Co. F, 35th Engineers. WA.
Ziemski, John G. — Pvt., Headquarters, 345th U. S. Inf.
Zientawski, Chester— Pvt., Co. C, 7th U. S. Infantry.
WA June, 1917.
Zilbauer, John— Pvt., Headquarters, 311th U. S. Inf.
Zilch, C. H.— Corp., Co. A, 62d Engineers.
Zillgitt, Albert— Pvt., Co. B, N. S. G. 13th B.
Zillox, Albert L.
Zimmer, Edw.— Co. C, 103d Machine Gun Battalion.
Zimmer, Edward P. — Pvt., Co. C, 302d Engineers.
Zimmer, George — Pvt., Aviation Corps.
Zimmer, Harry M.— Corp., Co. L, 34Sth U. S. Inf.
Zimmerman, Abraham J. — Co. A, 309th Infantry.
Zimmerman, Arthur C. — Pvt., 202d Aero Squadron.
Zimmerman, August C— Corp., 6th Batt., 24th M. P.
Zimmerman, Charles J. — Chemical Warfare Service.
Zimmerman, Earl G.— Pvt., Co. I, 7th U. S. Infantry.
Zimmerman, George J. — Pvt., Quartermaster, 316th S.
Zimmeiman, Joseph J. — Pvt., 87th Division Dental Un.
Zimmerman, Walter R.— Pvt., 304th U. S. Artillery, j
Zimmerman, William S.— Pvt., Co. E, Port Clinton, O.
Zimmerman, William — Pvt., 424th Casual Infantry.
Zimmick, Rudolph— Corp., Co. C, U. S. Guard, 14th B.
Zimpfer, Edward L.— Corp., S. A. T. C.
Zimpher, Elmer C. — Pvt., Headquarters, 147th Inf.
Zimpfer, Louis M. — Pvt., Co. E, Infantry.
Zimpfer, William G.— Pvt., Co. E, Supply Train.
Zinner, Elmer E.— Lieut., A. S. A. P.
Zink, Leo M. — Cook, 312th Ammunition Train.
Zingsheim, Frederick — Capt., Motor Corps.
Ziolkowski, Anthony — Corp., 363d Field Bakery.
Zittel, George N.— Pvt., 9th Co., 1st Prov. O. T. C.
Zittel, Harry J.— Corp., Co. M, 306th U. S. Infantry.
Zittel, Harold E.— Base Hospital 23.
Zitter, Charles M.— Pvt., Co. H, 348th Infantry.
Zobrest, John C. — Pvt., 22d Quartermaster Corps,
Camp Johnston.
Zmoszynski, Michael — Pvt. WA.
Zoeller, Frank— Pvt., Co. C, 346th U. S. Infantry.
Zoenglein, Henry — Pvt., 1st Depot Brigade.
Zokszeski, Stephen — Sgt., Headquarters, 18th Det.
Zoldowski, Joseph— Pvt., 312th U. S. Infantry.
Zolkiewicz, Frank— Pvt. WA.
Zollerson, Joseph — Cook, 541st Motor Truck Co.
Zolmierowski, Joseph — Pvt., 309th U. S. Infantry.
Zook, Howard — Pvt., First Army Replacement Depot.
Zorm, Frank L.— Pvt., 311th U. S. Infantry. WA.
October, 1918.
Zraikowski, Thomas — Pvt., Camp Dix, Military Police.
Zrenner, Elmer C. — Radio Electrician, 229th Air
Squadron Aviation.
Zucaratti, .James— Pvt., Co. D, U. S. Guards, 35th Bn.
Zuegel, Charles F. — Pvt., 125th Engineers Corps.
Zuegel, Ernest— Ist-class Cook, Sup. Co., 18th U. S. Inf.
Zuegel, Fred D. — Sgt., Co. B, Motor Transport Corps.
Zuefle, Herbert C— Pvt., 378th Co., Motor Truck Cps.
Zugger, George J.— 1st Sgt., 45th Co., 12th Battery,
153d Depot Brigade.
Zulewski, Stanley F.— Guard Fire, 330.
Zulueske, Leonard E. — Pvt., 153d Depot Brigade.
Zink, Fred F.— Pvt., Salvage Det., Camp Dix.
Zwickey, J. Howard — Sgt., U. S. Base Hospital Center.
Zwing, Joseph — Co. B, 502d Engineers.
Zydewski, John J. — Pvt., Co. A, 16th Battalion.
Zygan, Balestau— Pvt., 23d Co.
Zygmnist, Walter R.— Pvt., Battery B, 9th Regiment,
3d Brigade.
Zygmunt, Frank — Pvt., Co. K, 59th Pioneers.
Zylinicki, F.— Pvt., Co. B, U. S. Guards.
Zymorzenski, Mike— Pvt., Co. E, 31 1th U. S. Inf. WA,
Zytewick, John S. — Pvt. Wounded.
108th regiment U. S. INFANTRY
REGIMENTAL HEADQUARTERS FIELD STAFF
Bagnall, Henry D. — Major.
Cadotte, Damase J. — Captain, Personnel Officer.
Ziegler, Edwin G. Captain, Operation Officer.
Cited for exceptionally meritorious service ctiaracterized by untir-
ing zeal and intelligent grasp of his duties demonstrated in the
battle of the Hindenburg Line. France. September 29, 1918, and in
other engagements in which his regiment participated.
Ward, John C. — Lieutenant, Chaplain.
D. S. C for extraordinary heroism in action September 29 and
October 17, 1918. Wounded in action October 17, 1918, at LeSelle
River.
Shea, Ed. C— Regimental Color Sgt.
HEADQUARTERS COMPANY
Bloomer, Frank H. — 1st Lieut.
Brecht, Elmer P.— 1st Lieut.
Leins, Charles — 2d Lieut.
Anderson, Gustaf A.— Sgt. G October 16, 1918.
Babcock, Arden C— Pvt. WA September 29, 1918.
Bach, George — Sgt.
Bates, Frank E.— Pvt.
Budniak, Leo S.— Pvt. WA September 29, 1919.
Burley, Norman — Pvt.
Burns, Thomas F. — Mechanic.
Carson, Melvin R. — Pvt.
Chamberlain, Horace D. — Corp. WA October 13,
1918.
Capana, Frank — Pvt.
Campano, M. A.— WA September 29, 1918.
Chassen, Chester A.— ^Corp. G October 16, 1918.
Chudy, Alex.— Pvt.
Colvin, Allen D.— Pvt. G October 15, 1918.
Coniglio, Frank— Pvt. G September 10, 1918.
Covey, Ansel C. — Pvt.
Crowley, Joseph V. — Pvt. Injured September 6,
1917.
Cush, Edward F.— Corp.
Daly, J. Raymond — Sgt.
Douris, Stanley — Des. Bearer.
Doyle, Harold C— Corp.
Drumm, Frank A.— Pvt.
Dunlop, Jack — Corp.
Edmonds, Louis B. — Musician.
Fossett, Pierce J.— Pvt. WA October 15, 1918.
Fox, Albert E.— 1st Sgt.
Gardiner, Robert B.— Pvt. WA September 29,
1918.
Green, Alfred St. G.— Sgt.
Greenleaf, George S. — Sgt.
Cited for courage in the battle of the Hindenburg Line September
29, 1918.
Gylfe, Frederick— Sgt.
Hall, Norman M.— Pvt.
Harrison, Clarence — Pvt.
Hill, William F.— Pvt.
Hoist, Charles W., Jr.— Pvt.
Hooper, Walter P.— Sgt.
Impey, Lome — Pvt. G September, 1918.
Jacobson, Harry A.— Pvt. G October 15, 1918.
Johnson, Clarence — Pvt.
Jones, Elliot R.— Pvt.
Jones, Russel J. — Musician.
Kaiser, Curt E.— Ist-class Pvt. WA October 3, 1918.
Keller, Hugh E.— Sgt.
Kideney, Robert — Pvt.
Kirn, Frank — Pvt.
Le Chappel, Robert— Pvt.
Lehman, Lewis R.— Pvt. G October, 1918.
Lewandosk-y, Walter — Pvt.
Lyall, John A. — Pvt. Injured .January 19, 1919.
Mason, Carleton B. — Corp.
McCaffrey, Leo J. — Corp.
McCue, Clarence W. — Pvt.
McDowell, Walter— Pvt.
McPherson, Edward G. — Pvt.
Nasca, Peter F. — Pvt.
Parker, Jason E.— Pvt. WA September 30, 1918.
Peters, John H.— Pvt.
Peterson, Albert — Pvt.
Plummer, Ernest W. — Corp.
Power, Wm. A. — Sgt.
Raines, Clifford — Pvt.
Rost, Edwin C— Pvt.
Schafer, Harold A. — Corp.
Schlotzer, Charles R.— Sgt.
Schlotzer, William E.— Sgt.
Schultz, Bernard F. — Band Leader.
Schweikart, Lloyd — Pvt.
Shearer, John I. — Sgt.
Sherman, James W. — Pvt.
Simon, Charles — Pvt.
Sippel, Edward G.— Sgt.
Spawton, Frederick G. — Adj.
Stevens, William — Corp.
Thompson, Clifford — Corp.
Turner, George A.— Sgt. WA October 17, 1918.
Van Den Vouver, Howargi — Corp. WA September 7,
1918.
Varley, Lawrence — Pvt.
Vetter, Harold J.— Sgt. WA October, 1918.
Vogelson, Herbert H. — Corp.
Walsh, James A. — Pvt.
Warner, Alfred R.— Pvt.
Weppner, Raymond — Pvt.
Whitney, Willis— Pvt. WA October 15, 1918.
Wilber, Paul— Pvt.
Yeager, Walter J.— Pvt. GW October 17, 1918.
Zielinski, Thaddeus— Pvt. G September 29, 1918.
108th Regiment, U. S. Infantry
613
MACHINE GUN COMPANY
Golden, William G.— Lieut.
Burns, Allen — Pvt.
Carroll, Andrew D.— Corp. GW September 29, 1918.
Coonly, Edward R.^Pvt.
Dawer, Ernest G. — Sgt.
Edwards, Alph J.— Pvt.
Fisher, Carl A. — Corp.
Caviller, Lloyd — Corp.
Glanz, Emmet A.— Corp. G September 30, 1918.
Golt, John R.— Sgt. WA September 29, 1918, Hinden-
burg Line.
Hilts, Joseph B.— Pvt.
Lebert, Charles — Pvt.
Martin, Joseph D. — Mechanic.
Potter, George — Capt.
French War Cross.
WG October 10, 1918.
Fast, Harold R.— 1st Lieut.
Dubois, Leo F.— Pvt.
Gamier, Harry B.— Pvt.
Holmes, Leslie — Pvt.
Karpinski, Frank — Sgt.
Lapetina, Anthony — Pvt.
cited for gallantry and determination in battle of the Hindenburg
Line, France, September 29. 1919.
Roberts, Gerald C— Pvt.
Roberts, Robert H.— Sgt. WA September 29, 1918.
Roland, Frederick — Pvt.
Schaffer, Ralph~Pvt.
Schmitt, Herbert— Sgt.
Spiller, Earl A.— Cook.
Stanfenbeil, Earl— Ist-class Pvt., WA Oct. 17, 1918.
Trowbridge, Lewis C. — Sgt.
Whittaker, Joseph I.— Pvt. WA October 17, 1918.
Wieland, Charles — Pvt.
Wieland, Edward.
Yatteau, George — Corp.
SUPPLY COMPANY
Kreger, Herman F. — Sgt.
McGill, Joseph E.— Sgt.
Overdorf , Joseph — Wagoner.
Sciechitani, Frank — Mechanic.
Wilber, Cecil F.— Pvt.
MEDICAL DETACHMENT
Norton, Henry M.— Pvt. WA October 16, 1918.
Scanlon, Earl J.— Pvt.
COMPAN
Robinson, Joseph H. — Capt.
Sheeley, William R.— 1st Lieut.
Cited for courage and skill as a scout officer in battle of Hindenburg
Line September 29. 1918, and in battle of Le Sella River October
17, 1918.
Kless, John B.— 2d Lieut.
Bilitski, John F.— Sgt. WA September 29, 1918.
Awarded D. S. C. for extraordinary heroism in action in battle of
the Hindenburg Line September 29, 1918.
Brocius, Harry R.— Pvt. WA September 29, 1918.
Colgrove, Geo. E.— Sgt.
Connors, Harold E.- Sgt. WA October 1, 1918.
Cuppone, Joseph D. — Pvt.
Currey, Frank P. — Corp.
Czajka, Jos. M. — Pvt.
Drake, Ned E. — Corp.
Drew, Frank F.— Pvt. WA October 27, 1918.
Duncan, Edward A. — 1st Sgt.
Awarded D. S. C. for extraordinary heroism in action east of
Ronssoy, Hindenburg Line, September 29, 1918.
Finnigan, Francis R. — Cook.
Finsterbach, Edward J. — Pvt.
Y A
Finsterbach, Howard E. — Corp.
Fisher, A. J.— 1st Sgt.
Fitzpatrick, Rober O.— Sgt.
Gaiwski, William — Pvt.
Gosdek, Charles— Pvt.
Hackett, Albert G.— Pvt. WA September 29, 1918.
Hainer, Harlan H. — Pvt.
Harrington, Maurice F. — Pvt.
Hartman, Jno F. — Corp.
Jones, Orlando H. — Pvt.
Keller, Daniel J. — Corp.
Kocz, Stanislaw — Pvt.
Lanzalago, Pasey — Pvt.
McGowan, Joseph P.— Pvt. WA September 29, 1918.
Morgan, Thos. E.— Pvt.
Nusbaum, Jacob — Sgt.
Radice, Graytion A. — Pvt.
Reiley, John— Pvt. WA October 17, 1918.
Westfield, Carlton— Pvt.
Rittner, Arthur P.— Sgt. WA September 29, 1918.
Wujek, Leo F.— Pvt. WA September 29, 1918.
COMPANY B
Wright, Richard D. — Lieut.
Banaziak, Stephen — Pvt.
Bartz, Millard A.— Pvt. WA October 17, 1918.
Bliss, Harold F.— Pvt.
Bowler, William — Pvt.
Butler, Earl H.— Corp. WA September 29, 1918.
Campbell, Edward — Pvt.
Carey, George— Ist-class Pvt. WA October 15, 1918.
Cunningham, Edward — Pvt.
Ertman, John— Pvt. WA.
Faltisco, Frank— Pvt. WA July .3, 1918.
Hagelin, Howard A. — Pvt.
Hawkins, Paul H.— Sgt.
Cited for courage and determination in leading a patrol eflfectively
against an enemy detachment near St. Souplet, October 14, 1918.
Jackson, Joseph J. — Pvt. WA September, 1918.
Kennedy, Harold L. — Corp.
Cited for courage and determination and inspiring example in
holding his Lewis gun post alone in the extreme front after all others
of his detachment had been wounded or gassed.
Kobus, Francis A. — Pvt.
Kreger, Herman F. — Pvt.
Lexinger, Edward — Pvt.
614
Buffalo's Part in the World War
Company
MacPherson, William J. — Pvt.
Max, William — Pvt.
McAndrews, William — Pvt.
McDonough, Thomas F. — Corp.
Cited for courage as a Hason agent in the battle of the Le Selle River,
France, October 17, 1918.
McGrory, Matthew — Pvt.
Murphy, Henry J. — Pvt.
Nemec, John A. — Pvt.
Noble, Charles A. — Corp.
Norton, Michael J. — Pvt.
Panish, Michael — Pvt.
Petzon, Arthur E.— Ist-class Pvt. WA October, 1918.
Cited for courage and determination near St. Souplet, France
B— Con.
Rathburn, Charles E.— Pvt.
Reich, Elmer E.— Pvt. WA October 21, 1918.
Reuben, Chason— Pvt. WA October 17, 1918.
Ruckdeschel, Howard E. — Pvt.
Schroeder, Herbert — Pvt.
Seeley, Louis — Pvt.
Shipman, Harold L.— Pvt. WA October, 1918.
Stevens, Leo— Pvt. WG September 29, 1919.
Thines, Charles S. — Corp.
Vogenauer, George — Pvt.
Walsh, William C— Pvt. WA September 29, 1918.
Welch, William— Pvt.
October 14, 1918.
COMPANY C
Shaw, Lyman A.— 1st Lieut. WA September 29, 1918.
DeRade, William T.— 2d Lieut. WA October 17, 1918.
Backert, Stanley— Pvt.
Brown, William T.— Pvt. WA September 26, 1918.
Cudebec, Claude L.— Sgt.
Daverne, John M. — Pvt.
Doscher, Raymond C. — Pvt.
Drake, William B.— Pvt. WA September 29, 1918.
Fox, Dewey W. — Pvt.
GalHgher, Edward L.— Sgt. WA.
Gantt, Walter A.— Pvt.
Hoflfman, Henry S.— Pvt.
Krieke, Richard D. S.— Ist-cl. Pvt. WG Sept. 27, 1918.
Kubiak, Vincent — Pvt.
Malechi, Ignatius — Corp.
McCauley, Francis E.— Corp. WG September 29, 1918.
Miemiec, John— Pvt. WA September 29, 1918.
Miller, Joseph — Cook.
Muth, Carl F.— Pvt. WA September 29, 1918.
Ratigan, Frank L.— Pvt. WA October 19, 1918.
Reynolds, Harold — Cook.
Reynolds, Elgin H. — Corp.
Schafen, Howard— Pvt. WA October, 1918.
Schwartz, Charles — Corp.
Sesnie, Edward A.— Pvt. WA September 29, 1918,
Hindenburg Line.
Usinger, Jacob — Sgt.
Wicks, Carl O.— Corp. WA September, 1918.
COMPANY D
Donnocker, Charles J. — Captain.
Awarded British M. C. Cited for specially meritorious service
while a 1st Lieutenant in the capture of the South Guillemont
trench in the battle of the Hindenburg Line, September 29, 1918.
Page, Cecil H.— 1st Lieut. WA September 29, 1918.
Johnston, Lloyd B. — 2d Lieut.
Blanchard, William H.— Pvt. WA August 8, 1918.
Brennan.Geo. A.— Corp. WAAug. 27, 1918, September
29, 1918.
Brereton, Charles A. — Pvt.
Breton, Charles A.— Pvt.
Butler, Earl H.— Sgt. WA September 29, 1918.
Byers, Frank E.— Mechanic. WA November 17, 1918.
Crotty, John J.— Sgt. WA October 17, 1918.
CuUen, Edward A. — Corp.
Diebold, Edward— Pvt. WA.
Dobmeier, George — Sgt.
Dobmeier, Joseph — Sgt.
Dunlop, Samuel— Corp. WA October 17, 1918.
Durshordive, William — Pvt.
Ertel, Henry E.— Pvt. WA September 29, 1918.
Fassnidge, J. T. — Cook.
Fioella, Andy J.— Sgt.
Fiqrella, Andrew — Pvt.
Griesbaum, Arthur N. — Corp.
Hainer, Walter— Pvt. WA October 18, 1918.
Haskins, Harold W.— Pvt. WG September 29, 1918.
Iverson, Jacob — Corp.
Jepson, Samuel — Pvt.
Johnson, Zalmer A. — Pvt.
Kalbach, Paul A.— Corp. WA October 16, 1918.
Kammerer, Edw. F.— Corp. WA September 29, 1918.
Kniller, Carl G.— Sgt.
Kueckle, Julius 0.— Sgt.
Kraus, Elmer A.— Pvt. WA September 29, 1918.
Kuhn, Edward — Pvt.
Krehl, Emil P.— Pvt.
Kumpf, Clarence J.— Mechanic. WA Sept. 29, 1918.
Latham, Edward C. — Pvt.
Lord, Leo A. — Sgt.
Lux, Henry W.— Sgt.
Morton, George H.— Corp. WA September 29, 1918.
Murray, James V. — Pvt.
Neidrauer, William N. — Cook.
Newman, Lewis E.— Pvt. WA August 28, 1918.
Nixon, Harold — Pvt.
Reichert, Edmund — Pvt.
Spears, John L. — Pvt.
Sprares, John H.— Pvt. WA September 29, 1918.
Starks, Leo 0.— Sgt. WA September 29, 1918.
Sweeney, Thomas E. — Corp.
Thomas, William— Corp. WA October 14, 1918.
Tonking, Marshall C— Pvt. WG October 17, 1918.
Warner, George E. — Pvt.
Warren, Sterling Mc— Sgt. WG September 29, 1918.
Welch, John H.— Pvt.
Wells, Harold B.— Sgt. M^G September 29, 1918.
White, Oscar H.— Sgt.
Wittlief , Frederick A. — Corp.
108th Regiment, U. S. Infantry
615
COMPANY E
Taggert, Wm. E.— 1st. Lieut. WA September 29, 1918.
McKay, Robert J.— 2d Lieut. WA September 29, 1918.
Neill, Raymond A.— 1st Lieut. WG September 29, 1918.
Cole, George H.— Pvt.
Crumb, Floyd C— Pvt., Cherry Creek.
Harkins, Howard J. — Pvt.
Lyons, Bert C— Pvt. WA September 29, 1918.
McGill, Joseph E.— Sgt. WA August 29, 1918.
Measor, John W. — Pvt., Cherry Creek.
Moore, Clayton C. — Pvt.
Sanders, Smith D.— Pvt.
Cited for courage and inspiring example in battle of Hindenburg
Line, France, September 29, 1918.
Stone, Robert — Sgt.
King, DeLancey— 1st Lieut. WA September 29, 1918.
Finneran, John — Pvt.
Cited for courage and determination during the battle of the Hin-
denburg Line, France, September 29, 30, 1918.
COMPANY F
McKay, Charles-
Pvt.
Green, Alfred St. G.-
Hanover, Harold C-
Sgt. G September 29, 1918.
-Corp.
Cited for assuming charge of a ration party after the corporal had
been wounded, near Mount Kmmel, Belgium, August 7, 1918.
Sinclair, Allan — Sgt.
Smith, William F.— Sgt.
COMPANY G
Keane, Thomas V. — Capt. Shell-shock September 1918.
Moyer, Chas. J. — Capt.
O'Rourke, Harrison E. — 1st Lieut.
Wallace, Geo. F.— 1st Lieut.
Barnhard, Frank E. — Corp.
Conboy, Robert F.— Sgt. WA September 29, 1918.
Curry, Thomas D.— Pvt.
Czyzewski, Edward — Pvt.
Deck, Paul.
Dillon, George E.— Pvt.
Doeing, Frank J. — Ist-class Pvt.
Donaldson, Robert W.— Ist-cl. Pvt.WA Sept. 29, 1918.
Ehrhardt, George — Pvt.
Ehrhardt, Otto— Pvt.
Glover, Raymond C— Sgt. W September 29, 1918.
Halt, J. M.— Cook.
Hoppy, Howard.
Heegmeier, Faron B.— Pvt. G October 17, 1918.
Lennon, James — Sgt. WA September 30, 1918.
Lutz, Edward P.— Pvt.
Milburn, Thomas — Pvt.
Mullen, John T.— Corp.
Murphy, Daniel J.— Pvt. WA September 29, 1918.
Nickerson, George D. — Machinist.
Prior, George — Pvt.
Rozek, Feli.x— Pvt.
Sisson, Walter L. — Pvt.
Strauss, Otto— Pvt. WG September 29, 1918, Hinden-
burg Lines.
Szymanski, Edwin C— Pvt. WA September 29, 1918,
Hindenburg Line.
Thompson, Louis G. — Pvt.
Witkowski, Jno — Pvt.
Wootton, Maurice — Corp.
Young, Jacob J. — Corp. WA June and October, 1918.
Czyzewski, Edward— Pvt. G September 29, 1918.
COMPANY H
Berk, Abe— Pvt. WA October 29, 1918.
Burgard, Benjamin F. — Corp.
Colgrove, William H.— Pvt.
Cooter, Edwin— Pvt. WA October 2, 1918.
Croad, Harry — Corp.
Cutting, Arthur R.— Sgt.
Cited for coolness and qualities of leadership under fire in the battle
of the Hindenburg Line. France, September 29-30, 1918.
Dreher, Rudolph, Jr.— Pvt. G WA. Drowned at Buf-
falo, June 28, 1919.
Ducette, Louis F. — Pvt.
Florian, Frank.— Pvt. WA October 17, 1918.
Geyer, Peter H.— Corp. WA September 29, 1918.
Goetz, Arthur F.— Pvt.
Griscon, Peter J.— Pvt. G October 18, 1918.
Hall, Frank C— Pvt.
Hens, Bernard J. — Pvt.
Hermann, Robt. G.— Sgt. WA September 29, 1918.
Kearn, John J.— Pvt. G September 29, 1918.
Kirn, James P. — Ist-class Pvt.
Kirn, Thomas M. — Ist-class Pvt.
Klupp, Frank J.— Corp. WA September 29, 1918.
Lazarus, Louis — Ist-class Pvt. G October 14, 1918.
McLaughlin, Edward L.— Corp. G.October 14, 1918.
Meixell, James C— Pvt. WA September 28, 1918.
Negowski, Aloizy — Corp.
Cited for coolness and courage in rendering first aid under heavy
shell tire and until badlv wounded. This in the battle of the Hinden-
burg Line, France, September 29-30, 1918.
Needham, John D. — Pvt.
Nelson, Charles J. — Pvt.
Park, John B.— Sgt.
Cited for assuming command of his platoon after his Lieutenant
had been wounded and leading them with great courage and skill.
This in the battle of the Hindenburg Line, September 29, 1918.
Pernick, John— Pvt. WA September 29, 1918.
Pernick, Jno C. — Corp.
Peterson, Arthur J. — Ist-class Pvt.
Cited for courage in battle of the Hindenburg Line, France, Sep-
tember 29 and 30, 1918.
Philhps, Albert— Corp. G October 14, 1918.
Schwemie, Adam H. — Corp.
Seymour, William D.— Sgt. WA.
Cited for bravery at Bony in action on the Hindenburg Line and
also at St. Souplet.
Snyder, Oscar— Pvt.
Sponholz, Fred C— Pvt.
Wilber, Cecil F.— Pvt.
616
Buffalo's Part in the World War
Chapin, S. K.— Pvt. WA.
Coulter, Wm. D.— 1st Lieut.
Borcharding, Fred — Pvt.
Boyle, John T.— Pvt.
Bunk, John F.— Pvt.
Carson, Melvin R. — Pvt.
Chapin, Gilbert— Pvt. WA September 28, 1918.
Chapin, S. K.— Pvt.
Davis, William S.— Pvt.
Farr, Harold— Pvt.
Gadowski, Frank— Pvt. WA Sept. 29, 1918.
Garner, Thomas — Pvt.
Haslam, Lowell H.—Sgt.
Hodge, Frank A.— Pvt. G September 29, 1918.
Kaye, Charles S.— Pvt. WA September 29, 1918.
LeBarron, Benjamin — Pvt.
COMPANY I
Licino, Michael — Pvt.
Lovelace, Earl H.— Pvt. WA September 29, 1918.
Luber, Daniel — Pvt.
Luber, George S.— G September 29, 1918.
Lumley, Harold T.— Pvt. G October 14, 1918.
Markham, Guy B. — Pvt.
Miller, Edward J.— Pvt. WA September 29, 1918.
Moore, James A. — Pvt.
Nagel, Edward — Pvt.
Quinn, John A. — Pvt. G and Shell-shock August,
Ringleben, George— Pvt. G September 29, 1918.
Southall, Walter E.— Pvt.
Thornton, Harold E.— Sgt. G October .3, 1918.
Watson, Donald L— Pvt.
Wynn, Spencer H.— Pvt. G October 15, 1918.
COMPANY K
1918.
Babcock, Ronald P. — Corp.
Cited for courage and devotion to duty as a private during the battle
of the Hindenburg Line, September 29. 1918, and tor maintaining
an advanced observation post under heavy enemy fire in the vicin-
ity of the Le Selle River, France, October 14, 1918.
Bluhm, William F.— Cook.
Burkhart, James M. — Bugler.
Cited for courage and determination in carrying messages in battle
of the Hindenburg Line. France, September 29. 1918, and in the
vicinity of the Le Selle River, October 15, 1918.
Golde, Mathias E.— Sgt.
Licht, Arnold L.— Sgt. WA September 29, 1918.
Lutz, Erlie L.— Pvt.
cited for courage and skill in making reconnoissance under heavy
enemy fire, in the vicinity of the Le Selle River, October 10. 1918.
Shamrock, Roland E.— Corp. WA September 28, 1918.
Smith, Harry A. — Ist-class Pvt.
Cited for gallantry in battle of the Le Selle River, France, October
17, 1918.
Stannard, Clude — Mechanic.
Steingasser, Edward A. — Pvt. WA.
Viagrass, Howard E.— Sgt. WA September 29, 1918.
COMPANY L
Barnes, Theodore G. — Sgt.
Cited for courage during the battle of the Hindenburg Line Sep-
tember 29, 1918.
Canfield, Raymond F. — Mechanic.
Craine, George C. — Corp.
Grossman, Edw. C— Corp. G October, 1918.
Czuba, Julian — Pvt.
Davidson, Samuel, Jr. — Corp.
Davidson, Samuel — Corp.
DeLang, Reinhart L.— Pvt. WA September 29, 1918.
English, Joseph— Pvt. WA September 29, 1918.
Eberhardt, Fred— Pvt.
Faleska, Fred A.— Pvt. G September 29, 1918.
Forsey, Harold S.— Pvt.
Frears, Henry G. — Corp.
Freyburger, Joseph — Ist-cIass Pvt.
Genz, Joseph — Pvt.
Greenleaf, George S. S.— Sgt.
Hahn, Arthur F. — Corp.
Hinkley, George H.— Pvt. WA September 30, 1918.
Hollway, Edward L.— Sgt. G October 15, 1918.
Keil, Peter V.— Pvt.
Kraebel, George— Pvt. WA September 29, 1918.
Kreidler, Frank L. — Pvt.
KroU, Albert C— Corp.
Linch, Fred M. — Corp.
Mcintosh, Allen J.— Pvt.
Murray, Richard J.— Sgt. WA October, 1918.
Pierce, Alfred H.— Pvt. WA September 29, 1918.
Possee, Charles A. — Bugler.
Purdy, Charles B. — Ist-class Pvt.
edited for courage in carrying messages under heavy fire; this in the
battle of the Hindenburg Line. September 29-30, 1918.
Quinn, Rogers R.— Pvt. WA September 29, 1918.
Radice, Daniel T.— Pvt. WA September 29, 1918,
November 9, 1918.
Rittner, Arthur P.— Sgt. WA September 29, 1918.
Staebell, Edward— Pvt. WA September 29, 1918.
Stone, Joseph E. — Sgt.
Weaver, Arthur G. — Pvt.
Weitzel, Harry — Ist-class Pvt.
White, Kenneth C— Corp. WA September 29, 1918.
Whitman, Irving — Pvt.
Wick, Alfred G.— Pvt. WA September 29, 1918.
Spawton, Fred'k G. — 1st Lieut., Battalion Adjutant.
Baszynski, Peter — Corp.
Baynes, Charles M.— Pvt. WA September 29, 1918.
Bennett, Adolphus — Pvt.
Cited for great gallantry in battle of Hindenburg Line, September
29-30, 1918.
Berger, Jno F. — Corp.
COMPANY M
Bury, Clarence E. — Pvt.
Cantwell, Kenneth J.— Pvt.
Graver, Edward— Corp. WA September 29, 1918.
Craver, Edward Al — Corp.
Douris, James L.— Corp. WA Sept. 28, 191 8, St . Quentin.
Also at the Dicky Bush Sector on Aug. 25, 1918.
Doyle, Raymond C— Pvt. WA September 29, 1918.
108th Regiment, U. S. Infantry
617
COMPANY M— Con.
Egeling, Harry P. — Sgt.
Ess, Clarence A. — Pvt.
Fels, Emil R.— Pvt. WA September 29, 1918.
Fessler, Fred — Pvt.
Gylfe, Carl R.— Pvt. WA October 18, 1918.
Haile, Raymond L. — Pvt.
Cited for exceptional courage and determination in battle of the
Hindenburg Line, September 29, 1918.
Hall, Arthur F.— Pvt.
Harrington, Thomas P. — Pvt.
Hudson, Edmund G. — Supply Sgt.
Keller, Joseph A.— Pvt. WA September 29, 1918.
Kent, Howard E.— Pvt. WG September 29, 1918.
Kleister, John F.— Pvt.
Lane, Paul A. — Sgt.
Cited for determined leadership and courage in the battle of the
Hindenburg Line, September 30, 1918.
Lee, George W. — Pvt.
Lindahl, Harry — Pvt.
Little, Paul E.— Corp. WA October, 1918.
Madden, Earl R.— Pvt. G September 29, 1918.
Manke, Percy M.— Pvt. WA August 15, 1918.
Mayne, George W. — Pvt.
Meyers, Frank H. — Bugler.
Miller, Hurd — Cook.
Mineo, Frank — Pvt.
Moore, Gordon H.— Sgt. G October, 1918.
Otto, Elmer F.— Pvt.
Otto, George A.— Pvt.
Peel, Melvin J.— Sgt.
Peronne, Edward F.— Pvt. WA September 29, 1918.
Ross, Albert J.— Sgt. WA September 28, 1918.
Sempert, Frederick F.— Pvt. WA September 29, 1918.
Smith, Harold L.— Pvt. WA September 29, 1918.
Thompson, Edwin G. — Pvt.
Weidner, William A. — Pvt.
Wenrich, James L. — Pvt.
Zahn, Horace H.— Sgt.
106th field artillery
52d field artillery BRIGADE HEADQUARTERS
Jones, Harold — Captain. Buckley, James F. — Corporal.
Burnett, Charles — Lieutenant. Klein, Milton — Private.
FIELD STAFF
Howland, John D. — Col. Relieved in France.
Parlour, Walter J. — Captain, Adjutant.
EUer, Louis H. — Major.
Keller, P. J.— Captain.
Walker, Douglas — 1st Lieutenant.
Fornes, Walter F. — Chaplain.
Baker, Fred— Pvt.
Board, William — Pvt.
Bosworth, James H. — Corp.
Bragg, Francis E. — Pvt.
Buckley, James F. — Corp.
Buritsky, Joseph — Pvt.
Burkard, Lawrence J. — Reg. Sgt.
Major.
Burnett, Charles — Lieut.
Burrell, Harvey R.— Sgt.
Buzitsky, Joseph S. — Cook.
Campbell, Rocco — Ist-cl. Musician.
Collins, William J. — Cook.
Culhane, Daniel J. — Corp.
Cummings, George W. — Corp.
Currindor, Calvin — Pvt.
Day, Harold H.— Pvt.
Drake, Howard — Pvt.
East, George A. — Corp.
Peine, Otto A., Jr.— Pvt.
Fisher, Charles J.— Pvt.
Fornes, Robert — Corp.
Frasier, Leslie — Pvt.
Geise, Edw. W. — Mechanic.
Gertz, Julius — Sgt.
Hinds, Robert H. — Major.
Grabau, John C. — Capt.
Hayes, Walter — Lieut.
Webber, John D. — Captain.
Bensch, Albert — Pvt.
Crittenden, Walter R.— Pvt.
Cawthard, George — Corp.
Collins, Sunett — Corp.
Grabski, Anthony — Cook.
Freier, Howard — Wagoner.
Green, John H. — Wagoner.
1ST BATTALION
2d BATTALION
Goodyear, Bradley — Major.
HEADQUARTERS COMPANY
Hewitt, Lome — Sgt.
Holihan, Frank — Sgt. Major.
Hoyczyk, John — Pvt.
Huling, John E. — Sgt.
Iwanski, Vincent — Corp.
Imhof , Raymond P. — Ist-class Pvt.
G October, 1918.
Kay, Dwight L.— Pvt.
Kimball, Raymond — Corp.
Klein, Milton— Pvt.
Klopp, Benjamin — Corp.
Kohlhas, Karl— Pvt.
Kroczynski, Peter — Musician.
Laufer, Harry H. — Musician.
Lawton, L. M. — Musician.
Levan, Frank — Pvt.
Lewenicht, Charles F. — Band Corp.
Lewis, Loran L., 3d — Corp.
Marshall, Robert — Musician.
MeCunn, Harold M.— Band Sgt.
Major.
Mertz, Albert — Sgt.
Middleton, Robert T.— Pvt.
Mitchell, Donald J. — Ist-class Pvt.
Mole, Joseph — Color Sgt.
Monczynski, Frank — Corp.
Neicro, Sebastian — Saddler.
Nola, Samuel — Pvt.
MEDICAL DETACHMENT
Boeckel, Fred W. — Ist-class Sgt.
Blaisdell, Harold A.— Pvt. I. Res.
Cherry Creek.
SUPPLY COMPANY
Klug, William— Sgt.
Hahn, C. W. — Wagoner.
Hauptman, Charles F. — Sgt.
Hebesher, Charles — Wagoner.
Herman, Floyd — Pvt.
Hilton, James A. — Reg. Supp. Sgt.
Klug, William — Supply Sgt.
Lubick, Albert — Wagoner.
Gilchriese, Harry L. — Captain.
O'Mara, Harold— Pvt.
Parker, Earl B.— Pvt. GOct. 1918.
Plassman, Howard S. — Ist-class P.
Pilat, Bronislaw — Pvt.
Polikoski, John — Wagoner.
Poppenberg, .James O. — Pvt.
Rauchstadt, Max — Band Leader.
Ridder, Henry — Sgt.
Sander, George — Mechanic.
Sciandra. Charles — Mechanic.
Seifert, Theodore — Musician.
Sisto, Thomas — Pvt.
Spicer, Edgar J. — Pvt.
Stall, John J.— Sgt.
Tesmer, Irving — Cook.
Thamer, George — Corp.
Van Amberg, Harry — Pvt.
Vossler, William M. — Sgt.
Ware, Benjamin — Pvt.
Weatherby, George J. — Sgt.
Weiss, Fred — Pvt.
Welker, Ernest H.— Sgt.
Wiedemer, Joseph — Sgt.
Wurtz, Howard P. — Corp.
Zeitler, John B.— Sgt.
Zimmerman, Earl E. — Ist-class Pvt.
Zimmerman, George — Corp.
Driscoll, Joe — Pvt.
Gaczewski, Mathew — Pvt.
Gaczewski, Sigmund — I.
MacDonald, Robt. A.— Rgt.
Radtke, Eugene — Wagoner.
Shepard, Albert C— Cook.
Sweet, James — Wagoner.
Trotman, David W. — Wagoner.
Smith, Frank E.— Corp.
Voss, Carl E. — Wagoner.
Wiegand, Edward — Sgt.
106th Field Artillery
619
Osborne, William — Sgt.
Berry, John F. — Ordnance Sgt.
Savini, Dominick — Sgt.
Burkhardt, Howard — Capt.
Achowski, John — Cook.
Adams, Albert — Pvt.
Alexander, Arthur — Pvt.
Alzynski, Joe — Pvt.
Bailey, Gail S.— Pvt.
Baprota, Anthony — Cook.
Barley, Gale— Pvt.
Barth, Frank L. — Corp.
Bilkey, Frank — Wagoner.
Biniakiawiez, Joseph — Pvt.
Blazyewski, Anthony — Pvt.
Borowiak, John — Pvt.
Burr, W. Lester — Ist-class Pvt.
Chandley, Herbert J.— Pvt.
Cichowski, John — Cook.
Ciesielski, Walter — Mechanic.
Cirkowski, John — Cook.
Crawford, John W. — Pvt. Injured
March 23, 1918.
Day, Harold— Pvt.
Daacke, J. Creighton von — Sgt.
Dekowski, Adam — Pvt.
Dence, Clarence — Pvt.
Dodge, Harold A.— Pvt.
Drews, Joseph — Pvt.
Farrell, William R.— Pvt.
Frost, Henry — Mechanic.
Fintack, Joseph M. — Bugler.
Gaiek, John J. — Ist-class Pvt.
Geulis, Wilham— Pvt.
Hartinger, George — Cook.
Hunt, Albert H.— Corp.
Ilardo, Anthony — Pvt.
Jankowski, John S. — Pvt.
Jarosz, Charles — Bugler.
Jarenbowski, Frank — Pvt.
Toomey, George — Capt.
Abbey, Chas. N. — Pvt. Residence
Cherry Creek.
Amelia, Vito — Pvt.
Andrzejewski, Max — Corp.
Bardey, Stephen — Wagoner.
Basinski, Alley — Pvt.
Blake, John — Sgt.
Boland, Edward J. — Pvt.
Brock, Ronald — Sgt.
Burre, Archibald — Corp.
Celinski, Stephen — Mechanic.
Chason, Chas. — Ist-class Pvt.
Chmielewski, John. — Pvt.
Cingola, Charles — Pvt.
Clark, Francis Z. — Pvt.
ORDNANCE DEPARTMENT
Martin, Edw. L. — Sgt. Ordnance.
Domres, Ferdinand — Sgt.
Mioducki, Felix — Corp.
BATTERY A
Jendrasiak, Bernard — Pvt.
Jezuwit, John — Pvt.
Johler. Jacob — Mechanic.
Kamholz, August J. — Corp.
Kasmierczak, Stanley — Pvt.
Kaznowski, John — Sgt.
Kellar, Raymond — Pvt.
Kielanszwk, John — Pvt.
Kolodzinski, John — Corp.
Kopczynski, Frank — Pvt.
Kralick, John— Pvt.
Krauss, Walter — Pvt.
Kruk, John J. — Pvt.
Kubiak, Felix— Sgt.
Lis, Kaiser — Pvt.
Marciniak, Stephen — Pvt.
McBride, John— Pvt.
McDonald, John J. — Corp.
McDonald, Samuel— Pvt.
McDonough, Thomas J. — Pvt.
McKay, James F. — Sgt.
Mega, Adam — Pvt.
Mergler, George E. — Sgt.
Mortek, Adam — Pvt.
Niezgoda, Andrew — Pvt.
Norton, Matthew — Ist-class Pvt.
Nowatcki, Lzymunt — Pvt.
O'Donnell, Cornelius — Pvt.
Olkiewicz, Frank — Pvt.
O'Neil, Raymond — Pvt.
Pangborn, Harry E. — Supp. Sgt.
Pinkowski, Leonard — Pvt.
Polowy, Felix — Pvt.
Poltowicz, Joseph — Pvt.
Potempia, John — Wagoner.
Przybbiski, Walter — Pvt.
Quinn, Edw. T.— 1st Sgt.
BATTERY B
Collins,'Gustavus — Corp.
Coo, James I. — Pvt.
Dewey, Elmer — Corp.
Dewey, Ramond — Pvt.
Dorman, George L. — 1st Sgt.
Doyle, Charles — Pvt.
Dresbeck, William — Wagoner.
Duewiger, Emil — Pvt.
Eliashuk, Joakim — Pvt.
Emden, Harry — Cook.
Ferrante, Giovanni — Pvt.
Finsterbach, Harold W. — Corp.
Fries, Joseph — Pvt.
Gengola, Chas. A. — Pvt.
Gorski, Casimer — Pvt.
Goldberg, Ben J. — Ist-class Pvt.
Collins, Emmet — Corp.
Krahch, John — Pvt.
Lewis, William — Pvt.
Rasp, George J. — Corp.
Rasp, George, .Jr. — Corp.
Raymond, Harry — Corp.
Schneider, Jacob J. — Pvt.
Shine, Fred— Pvt.
Siminkowski, Martin — Pvt.
Siminowski, Felix — Pvt.
Smentkiewicz, Leo F. — Corp.
Smith, Alban N. — Corp.
Stein, Raymond J. — Pvt.
Suilc, Anthony — Ist-class Pvt.
Sweistak, Piotr — Pvt.
Szczecinski, John J. — Corp.
Szczechowski, Stanley — Mechanic.
Tulimowski, Kowstanty — Pvt. In-
jured September, 1918.
Tanner, Frank — Pvt.
Truckenport, Harvey B. — Pvt.
Tolany, Felix — Corp.
Tulimowski, Constanty — Ist-cIass
Pvt.
Urmanski, John — Sgt.
Van Campen, Rowland J.
Von Daacke, James — Sgt.
Vullo, Frank— Pvt. Injured 1917.
Wachowiak, John J. — Pvt.
Weltz, Joseph — Pvt.
Wenslaus, Alex — Pvt.
Wisobowski,Adam — Corp. W Sep-
tember 29.
Wojtislak, Vincent — Pvt.
Yewtusmewski, John — Pvt.
Yodges, Joseph — Pvt.
Zabororowski, Bernard — Cook. In-
jured September.
Zminkowski, Martin — Ist-class Pvt.
Grade, James — Pvt.
Gravener, Kenneth F. — Pvt.
Grill, Edward H.— Pvt.
Grimm, Robert W.— Pvt.
Haag, Albert C— Pvt.
Hardy, Izydur — Pvt.
Hackemer, Arthur — Wagoner.
Hewitt, Lome A. — Sgt.
Hunt, Richard.
James, Hobart R. — Pvt. Residence
Cherry Creek, N. Y.
Jankowski, Frank — Pvt.
Johnson, Albert — Bugler.
Kaniecki, Stanley — Pvt.
Kazmurczak, Thomas — Pvt.
Kearns, Martin — Pvt.
620
Buffalo's Part in the World War
Lipczynski, Walter — Pvt.
Luber, Raymond — Pvt.
Ludwig, Hamilton — Pvt.
Marino, Pasquale — Pvt.
McGrory, Hugh — Pvt.
McMahon, Paul — Corp.
Michael, Edward — Pvt.
Milbrand, Joseph — Cook.
Milhgan, Franklin C— Pvt.
Mulkern, John — Sgt.
Mumm, John — Cook.
Myslabowski, Walter — Pvt.
Niedzlyski, Jan — Pvt.
Niemiec, Anthony — Ist-class Pvt.
O'Connor, Martin — Pvt.
Omelanchuk, Anthony — Pvt.
Osdrochuk, John — Pvt.
Otkowski, John — Pvt.
Poswiatkowski, John — Corp.
Goodyear, Bradley — Major.
HamUn, Chauncey — Captain.
Briggs, Carlton — 1st Lieut.
Aminger, Roland — Pvt.
Amrose, Frank F. — 1st Sgt.
Aquilino, Tom — Pvt.
Aramini, Frank — Pvt.
Beckman, Robert J. — Pvt.
Balivo, Antonio — Pvt.
Bomberski, Frank — Pvt.
Brehm, Allen K.— Sgt.
Busch, Charles — Pvt.
Butkowski, Stanley — Corp.
Ceier, Frank W.— Mech.
Cerkiewicz, Stanley — Pvt.
Cobb, William— Pvt.
Coe, James L — Ist-class Pvt.
Cothard, Wilbur — Cook.
Crann, Patrick W. — Corp.
Czechowski, Leon — Pvt.
Daley, Squire — Wagoner.
Dembkowski, Waclaw — Pvt.
Dreher, Allen — Pvt.
Dueschle, Louis — Pvt.
Dominiak, Peter A. — Pvt.
Drajem, Edmund — Pvt.
Edmbrowski, Waclaw — Pvt.
Eldrige, Harry — Cook.
Filiponi, Giovanni — Mech.
Funk, West— Pvt.
Gannon, Howard — Pvt.
Gilbert, William— Sgt.
Glowacki, John — Corp.
Burrows, Edwin S. — 1st Lieut.
Binga, Carlisle T.— Sgt.
Balderston, Earl D.— Pvt.
Bartone, Lewis — Pvt.
BATTERY B— Con.
Pley, Michael — Mechanic.
Ranaldo, Luigi — Pvt.
Raczka, Josef — Pvt.
Rasp, Charles — Wagoner.
Rapp, Charles C— Pvt.
Ricigliano. Vito — Pvt.
Ruddy, Walter— Sgt.
Rung, Howard — Sgt.
Scanlon, Patrick — Pvt.
Schaefer, Andrew J. — Pvt. W
October 20, 1918.
Schaelfer, Andres — Pvt.
Siegrist, Charles — Pvt.
Sienzan, W^alter — Pvt.
Smith, Norman — Sgt.
Spano, James — Pvt.
Stachowiak, Leo — Corp.
Stasio, Michael — Corp.
Stodolski, Walter— Ist-class Pvt.
BATTERY C
Goliembiski, Sig. — Pvt.
Gorino, Joseph — Pvt.
Grelewicz, John — Corp.
Grembowitch, Waclaw — Corp.
Halas, Alexander — Pvt.
Harris, Edward J., Jr. — Corp.
Henrich, Albert — Pvt.
Herbert, George J. — Sgt.
Johnson, Edward — Pvt.
Joslin, John J. — Pvt.
Kaleta, Walter — Pvt.
Kessler, Earl E.— Pvt.
Klosinski, John — Pvt.
Koenig, George P. — Cook.
Kozlowski, Louis — Pvt.
Lee, George — Pvt.
Duda. Peter— Sgt.
Mack, Anthony.
Mann, Paul F. — 1st Lieut.
Martin, Alexander — Sgt.
May, William— Stable Sgt.
McCuUough, Daniel P.— Pvt.
McElligott, John — Corp.
Menczunski, Bronislaus — Pvt.
Meyers, Oscar — Pvt.
Meiers, William — Pvt.
Morrison, Roy B. — Pvt.
Musielak, Jno. — Pvt.
Nawotka, Stanley — Pvt.
Nevinski, John — Pvt.
Newman, Walter — Corp.
Oelheim, Arthur F. — Mess Sgt.
Palermo, Joe — Pvt.
BATTERY D
Bater, Harvey L — Corp.
Bater, Floyd— Pvt.
Best, Robert — Corp.
Blanding, Clarence — Pvt.
Szaroletta, Anthony — Pvt.
Tingler, William— Sgt.
Todorakis, John — Ist-class Pvt.
Volkenner, Charles — Pvt.
Vullo, Frank P.— Pvt.
Volpe, Chas. — Pvt.
Walczak, Walter— Pvt.
Waterworth, Edwin — Sgt.
Winkowski, Joseph — Pvt.
Wochna, Wm. — Pvt.
Wright, Arthur C— Corp. K at
Spartanburg, S. C, Oct. 16, 1917.
Wilcox, John W.
Weight, Walter W. — Horseshoer.
Zqmbernzenski, Stanislaus — Pvt.
Zdrojewski, Stanley — Pvt.
Ziarkowski, John E.
Zuber, Raymond J. — Pvt.
Zulawski, Walter J.— Pvt.
Persio, Emedio — Pvt.
Plewinski, Frank — Pvt.
Pucello, Giuseppe — Pvt.
Praetzel, Fred— Pvt.
Prokopchuk, John — Pvt.
Prusiecki, Stanley — Pvt.
Reich, Frank P.— Pvt. W October,
1918, Verdun.
Ruper, Albert — Sgt.
Sauter, George — Sgt.
Schaffner, Adelbert — Corp.
Schmidt, Nicholas — Corp. G No-
vember 11, 1918, France.
Sears, Walter— Mess Sgt.
Seymour, Arthur — Pvt.
Smith, Frank— Pvt.
Smith, William— Pvt.
Sullivan, John J. — Pvt.
Susek, John— Pvt.
Szalazny, Waclaw — Sgt.
Tadajewski, Philip— Pvt.
Thiel, Fred.— Pvt.
Trotz, John — Corp.
LTbanuka, Uban — Pvt.
Vesper, Howard — Pvt.
Vossler, William— Sgt.
Wagner, Asa G. — Mechanic.
Walkinshaw, James R. — Corp.
Wanemacher, Edmund — Pvt.
Widger, Henry — Cook.
Wikarski, John — Pvt.
Wonch, Desmond — Bugler.
Bohn, Frank — Wagoner.
Briggs, Frederick M. — Corp.
Brown, Herbert W.— Sgt.
Burley, Elmer — Pvt.
106th Field Artillery
621
Chmura, Frank — Pvt.
Colligan, Robert — Sgt.
Crampton, John — Sgt.
Cutler, Cecil D.— Pvt.
Cummings, Michael — Pvt.
Damohn, John — Cook.
DiCarlo, Rosario — Wagoner.
Doherty, Charles — Pvt.
Drake, Howard S.— Pvt.
Dreyer, Joseph — Pvt.
Drozdoski, Stephen — Pvt.
Eberle, George — Pvt.
Ehmann, Adolph H. — Pvt.
Ellis, Charles S.— Pvt.
Epps, Charles — Mechanic.
Fallica, Charles— Pvt.
Fisher, Henry — Pvt.
Flisakowski, Frank — Pvt.
Foley, Vincent A. — Cook.
Fowler, LaVerne A. — Pvt. Resi-
dence Cherry Creek.
French, Eldon — Corp.
Gillman, David — Pvt.
Grzenkowski, Walter — Pvt.
Guercio, Vincent — Pvt.
Grady, George — Pvt.
Gwadzdowski, Frank — Pvt.
Harlach, Raymond — Pvt.
Harlach, William — Pvt.
Herman, Floyd C. — Wagoner.
Hill, Frank— Pvt.
Hitzel, Albert— Pvt.
Curtin, John J. — Captain.
Adamaszek, Joseph — Pvt.
Adamszak, Frank — Pvt.
Armson, William — Pvt.
Battista, Michaels — Pvt.
Bednarski, Antoni — Pvt.
Bartos, Joseph — Pvt.
Bojak, Frank— Pvt.
Bojack, Tony— Pvt.
Bojak, Vincenty — Pvt.
Borowicz, Frank J. — Pvt.
Barrett, Nelson W.— Sgt.
Brocik, Jno S. — Pvt.
Brozyna, Walter — Pvt.
Bruckman, Peter S. — Pvt.
Brzezinski, August — Mechanic.
Cebulski, Wawrzymic — Ist-class P.
Compenelis, Philip — Sgt.
Clark, Richard H.— Corp.
Czupryna, Walter — Pvt.
Decell, Arthur W. — Wagoner. W
September, 1918.
Dombrowski, Filix — Pvt. W May,
1917.
Duewiger, George P. — Pvt. W
March 21, 1918.
BATTERY D— Con.
Hoffman,AndrewG.,Jr.— Pvt. Died
of illness Jan. 2, 1918, Buffalo.
Jackson, Sidney W. — Sgt.
Jacobs, David A. — Pvt.
Janicki, Frank — Pvt.
Juliano, Peter — Pvt.
Karczmare, Jacob — Pvt.
Kaminski, Steven — Pvt.
Keenan, Andrew G. — Pvt.
Keethe, Lawrence J. S. — Sgt.
Keen, Fred— Pvt.
Knab, Anthony — Pvt.
Lane, David B.— Pvt.
Lang, George — Pvt.
Lapille, Alex — Pvt.
Larson, Heilmer — Pvt.
Lewis, Alfred — Pvt.
Linsmaier, Joseph P. — Mess Sgt.
Lauchren, Thomas B. — Wagoner.
Mackenzie, Donald — Wagoner.
Mahn, Wm. C— Ist-class Pvt.
Mann, Albert — Cook.
McCarthy, James — Pvt.
McDonald, Samuel — Pvt.
McSorley, Peter — Corp.
Meldrum, Hugh R. — Corp.
Militello, Peter— Pvt.
Moseuk, Stephen — Pvt.
Nichols, Clarence E. — Pvt.
Nowacki, John — Pvt.
Ogilvie, Thomas — Pvt.
Olasnowicz, Anthony — Pvt.
BATTERY E
Domin, Antoni — Pvt.
Dysarz, Jno — Pvt.
Dziuba, Jan — Ist-class Pvt.
Eagan, Charles — Corp.
Edwards, Roy D.— Pvt.
Eisenhauer, Albert — Pvt.
Gajkowski, Michael — Ist-class Pvt.
Gardner, Charles — Pvt.
Goldman, Max — Pvt.
Grabski, Anthony — Pvt.
Graczyk, Frank.
Grudzinski, Stanislaw — Pvt.
Gronkowski, Jos. — Pvt.
Gul, John— Pvt.
Habowski, Martin B. — Corp.
Hoffman, Anthony — Pvt.
Horst, Walter — Corp.
Hurd, James P. — Sgt.
Jankowiak, Anthony — Pvt. ^
Jablouski, Jno — Pvt.
Jackowski, Jno — Pvt.
Januszkiewicz, John — Pvt.
Janicki, Jos. — Pvt.
Janicki, Louis — Pvt.
Jeziorski, Walter S. — Pvt.
Kaplinicz, George — Pvt.
Pelton, Raymond L. — Pvt.
Priester, Peter J. — 1st Sgt.
Rease, John J. — Pvt.
Robison, Mervin D. — Pvt.
Ruth, Preston H. — Corp.
Schoonover, Alvah F. — Sgt.
Schleizer, John F.— Chief Mech.
Sellig, Charles A.— Saddler.
Sell, Joseph S.— Pvt.
Semrau, Joseph — Pvt.
Smith, Ernest— Sgt.
Stachnik, Joseph — Pvt.
Steinbach, Jacob Bernard — Pvt.
Sutton, John T.— Pvt.
Stulick, Charles — Cook.
Szaroleto, Anthony J. — Pvt.
Tripi, Marion — Pvt.
Utz, Alfred J.~Bugler.
Van Renssesaer, Nathan — Pvt.,
Residence Cherry Creek.
Vought, John H.— Sgt.
Walker, Earl T.— Pvt.
Walsh, Herbert G. — Mechanic.
Walsh, Norman — Pvt.
Weick, Edward V.— Pvt.
Weisner, David — Pvt.
White, Alvan A.— Sgt.
Wilkie, Edwin — Mechanic.
Wilson, Clarence — Corp.
Witluski, Bronsilaus — Pvt.
Wunt, George W.— Pvt.
Zdrozewski, Stephen — Pvt.
Kahn, Joseph G. — Corp.
Katinowski, Stanley — Sgt.
Kazmierczak, Stanley — Pvt.
Kidzuiski, Vincent — Pvt.
Kifner, Felix — Pvt.
Kifner, Kazimerz — Pvt.
Klosinski, John — Pvt.
Kiosinski, Joseph — Corp.
Komcki, Louis A.
Kozian, Stanley — Ist-class Pvt.
Kojcsyki, John — Sgt. W June 19,
1918.
Kozlowski, John — Pvt.
Kralick,Leo— Pvt.W Sept. 29, 1918.
Kusal, Paul— Pvt.
Lodzinski, Ignacy — Pvt.
Looze, Edward — Sgt.
Luasik, Tadeus — Pvt.
Maliska, Thomas — Pvt.
Marzolf, Joseph — Sgt.
Maturski, William — Pvt.
Michalski, Ignacy — Sgt.
Michalski, Ignatius — Pvt.
Miles, Francis J. — Pvt.
Morst, Robert — Corp.
Naczek, Kaiser — Cook.
622
Buffalo's Part in the World War
Npyehowski, Ignacy — Cook.
Ochowiak, Frank — Pvt.
Pagen, Charles W. — Corp.
Pagana, Jake — Ist-class Pvt.
Pawlowski, Walter — Wagoner.
Pelka, Joseph — Corp.
Piasecki, Sigmund — Corp.
Piontosik, Leonard — Corp.
Piotrowski, John — Pvt.
Podyma, Peter — Ist-class Pvt.
Podyma, Walter — Pvt.
Polcyn, Frank — Pvt.
Poteran, Woicik — Pvt.
Prozyna, Walter — Pvt.
Puzzella, Pietro — Pvt.
Radziewicz, Joseph — Pvt.
Ratajczik, Leon J. — Pvt.
Ryngwakki, Anthony — Pvt.
Richert, Joseph — Sgt.
Schohl, Wm. F.— Captain.
Marcus, M. M. — 1st Lieut.
Hess, Joseph R. — 2d Lieut.
Acquard, Theo. J. — Saddler.
Amlinger, Roland J. — Corp.
Assimon, Gust — Ist-class Pvt.
Acquard, Theodore — Saddler.
Aguglia, Hamdolfe — Pvt.
Beckwith, Daniel E.— Pvt.
Boisvert, Leon — Ist-class Pvt.
Bowen, Albert V.— Pvt.
Boxhorn, Joseph — Pvt.
Braven, Harry — Pvt.
Burdick, Clarence W. — Pvt.
Burhasser, Joseph — Corp.
Capotosti, Domenico — Pvt.
Chadwick, Walter L.— Sgt.
Chapin, Harry M.— Pvt. WG No-
vembers, 1918.
Church, Arthur R. — Ist-class Pvt.
Cioffi, Mike— Pvt.
CroU, Lawrence J. — Corp.
Curtis, Donald D.— Pvt. Resi-
dence Cherry Creek.
Daum, William — Pvt.
Dencz.vk, Adam — Pvt.
D'Ortona, Silvio — Pvt.
Dreher, Otto C— Pvt.
Divorszyk, Stephen — Corp.
Divorczyk, Walter — Ist-class Pvt.
Doherty, Charles W.— Pvt. W
Aprils, 1918.
Eckert, Harry W.— Pvt.
Ertel, William F.— Sgt.
Falk, John— Sgt.
Filipiak, Simon — Pvt.
Foltyniak, Anthony — Pvt.
Fowler, La Verne A. — Pvt. Resi-
dence Cherry Creek.
BATTERY E— Con.
Roberts, Frank J. — Sgt.
Romanuik, Peter — Pvt.
Rutkowski, Edmund A. — Sgt.
Schoedel, Carl — Wagoner.
Sheppard, Congdon — Pvt.
Slopak, Adam — Pvt.
Smith, Wm. C. — Wagoner.
Sobczak, Vincent — Pvt.
Sopiski, Andrew — Pvt.
Sulski, Joseph — Horseshoer.
Stybach, Stanislaw J. — Pvt.
Swanekamp, Chas. J. — Mechanic.
Szableuski, John — Pvt.
Szymanski, Joseph B. — Pvt.
Tasiemski, Stanley — Pvt.
Tesmerowicz, John — Pvt.
Tiburski, Albert — Ist-class Pvt.
Tomczak, Edward — Pvt.
Tomczak, Walter — Pvt.
BATTERY F
Freeman, Samuel W. — Ist-class
Pvt.
Grodus, Nathan — Pvt.
Gray, Harry W. — Mechanic.
Green, Leo — Pvt.
Griss, Arthur — Mechanic.
Gwiczdowski, Frank — Pvt.
Hodgson, Robert — Pvt.
Horney, Martin A. — Pvt.
Heller, Fred- Sgt.
Hennig, Julius — Mechanic.
Hodgson, Robert — Pvt.
Holl, Chester R.— Bugler.
Holland, R.— Sgt.
Hume, Allison K., .Jr. — Pvt.
Hurlihy, David H. — Corp.
Hubbard, M. Ray — Bugler. Resi-
dence Cherry Creek.
Huesinger, Nicholas — Pvt.
Jackson, Roger B. — Ist-class Pvt.
Jensen, Emin K. J. — Corp.
Kalczynski, Bronislaus — Pvt.
Kolosa, Jacob — Wagoner.
Karnath, Rudolph — Pvt.
Kosprzak, Waclaw — Sgt.
Kettis, William — Ist-class Pvt.
Kessler, Earl C— Pvt.
Kieber, Fred F.— Pvt.
Kimmins, Benjamin — Pvt.
Kingsbury, Corydon D. — Sup. Sgt.
Kleinfilder, Henry P. — Cook.
Knight, William H.
Kohler, Charles W.— Pvt.
Kosak, Stephen — Ist-class Pvt.
Kerstetter, Chas. — Pvt.
Kramer, Frederick — Pvt.
Kramer, Paul — Pvt.
Kron, Louis P. — Pvt.
Kuntelos, Ernest — Pvt.
Usak, Lawrence — Pvt.
Walentynowicz, Casimer — Corp.
Way, Clayton — Wagoner.
Wesolek, Stanley — Pvt.
Weslowski, Adam — Corp.
Wezolowski, Jos. — Pvt.
Wosniewski, Boleslaus — Cook.
Woicik, Vincent — Ist-class Pvt.
Wolf, John — Bugler.
Wojciechowski, B. — Pvt.
Wujek, Barnard — Pvt.
Wojcik, Vincent — Pvt.
Wolf, John E.— Pvt.
Wypychowski, Ignacy — Pvt.
Yuda, Frank — Pvt.
Zachmuc, Frank — Sgt.
Zalewski, Anthony — Corp.
Zydowicz, Frank — Wagoner.
Langworthy, Richard 0. — Mech.
Residence Cherry Creek.
LaMante, Frank— Pvt.
LaMante, Jackson F.— Pvt.
Learman, B. H. — Corp.
Light, Joseph F.— Pvt.
Malley, John J.— Sgt.
Martin, William — Pvt.
Matson, Fred — Pvt.
McCullough, Daniel P.— Pvt.
McGranor, James — Pvt.
Mendola, Joseph — Pvt.
Meyer, Walter — Corp.
Nadrowski, Stanley — Ist-class Pvt.
Neu, Henry — Pvt.
Nicholl, Hugh C— Pvt.
Niselay, Dewey A. — Pvt.
Oberst, Julius — Pvt.
Pawlak, Anthony — Pvt.
Peterson, Frederick W. — Wagoner.
Piedmont, John N. — Sgt.
Purucker, William — Pvt.
Rinn, William— Pvt.
Rosenham, Raymond P. — Ist-class
Pvt.
Roth, Frederick John— Sgt.
Rugg, Ray— Sgt.
Ruhland, Henry — Corp.
Jablowski, John J. — Corp.
Rummell, Edward F.— Pvt.
Rydzynski, John — Pvt.
Schalec, Joseph — Pvt.
Schindler, Thomas — Pvt.
Schlecht, Louis — Pvt.
Schuler, Ross P. — Corp.
Schultz, Robert— Pvt.
Schutcker, William — Corp.
See, Edward— Pvt.
Senger, Stanislaus — Ist-class Pvt.
102d Trench Mortar Battery
623
Sherwood, Louis — Pvt.
Sitterle, Edward G.— Pvt.
Smith, Henry — Cook.
Solo, John— Pvt.
Sosinski, Louis — Pvt.
Steinagel, Gustave H. — Chief Mec.
Stevens, William — Corp.
BATTERY F-Con.
Stipien, Ignatz — Pvt.
Szmania, Leo. — Pvt.
Tere, John— Pvt.
Then, Edward P.— Pvt.
Tomkinson, Philip A. — Corp.
Vledder, Harry — Pvt.
Voit, Albert — Bugler.
Walker, Douglas P. — Lieut.
Wallace, Harry L. — Ist-class Pvt.
Wallace, Leonard — Corp.
Wanat, Stanley — Ist-class Pvt.
Williams, Chas. C— Cook.
Williams, Robert D.— Sgt.
102D TRENCH MORTAR BATTERY
Pearson, Charles — Captain.
Dilks, Harrie — 1st Lieut.
Cloak, R. F.— 1st Lieut.
Geraghty, Charles — 2d Lieut.
Adams, Robert B.— Sgt.
Adema, Harry H. — Pvt.
Anderson, Herbert E. — Corp.
Altman, Henry — Supply Sgt.
Balch, Clarkson— Sgt.
Barber, Floid F.— Pvt.
Barlow, Raoul — Pvt.
Beard, Damon A. — Pvt.
Bennett, George W. — Corp.
Boiler, George E.— Pvt.
Braunschweig, Paul L. — Corp.
Brown, Leo V. — Pvt.
Brown, Manly B. — Pvt.
Burns, G. F.— Pvt.
Burns, James F. — Pvt.
Burrows, Robert D. — Sgt.
Garland, Harold R.— Pvt.
Claiborne, Nathan S.— Pvt.
Clarke, Harvey R.— Pvt.
Cloak, Richard F.— 1st Lieut.
Davis, Howard E. — Pvt.
Dehlinger, Alton H. — Corp.
Dixson, Willard E.— Pvt.
Doerflein, Peter L. — Pvt.
Downey, Eugene M. — Pvt.
Drexelius, Edwin J. — Pvt.
Ebeling, Russell H.— Pvt.
Fancher, John W. — Cook.
Frank, Leon A. — Corp.
Geraghty, Charles E. — 2d Lieut.
Ginty, Charles T.— Pvt.
Gray, WiUiam C— Pvt. W France.
Haley, Emery D. — Pvt.
Haley, Joseph E. — Pvt.
Hauptman, John E. — Ordn. Corp.
Hebard, George R. — Corp.
Heinike, Herbert, Jr. — Corp.
Hodges, Charles, Jr. — Pvt.
Howe, Sheldon M.— Pvt.
Hudson, Reginald J. — Sgt.
Hylkema, John A. — Wagoner.
Jackson, Robert B. — Pvt.
Kelley, William O.— Pvt.
Kendall, Davenport — Corp.
Kerger, Henry F.— Pvt. WG
November 2, 1918, France.
Koch, Robert N.— Pvt.
Koepf, Newell A. — Corp.
Lowe, Willie B.— Pvt.
Major, John N. — Pvt.
McLean, George W. — Mess Sgt.
McPherson, John P. — Corp.
Mead, Luther E. — Corp.
Meredith, Julian F. — Sgt.
Meyer, Fred O. — Corp.
Meyer, Merill B. — Corp.
Mills, Albert V.— Pvt.
Mills, Harry C— Pvt.
Moore, Carlton S. — Pvt.
Moore, Francis D. — Corp.
Murphy, Cornelius W. — Sgt.
O'Neill, Frank A.— Pvt.
Oppenheimer, Nathan, Jr. — Pvt.
Palmer, Frank — Pvt.
Pelloth, George W.— Chief Mech.
Perkins, Walter H., Jr. — Corp.
Petit, William C— Sgt.
Poorten, Frank J. — Pvt.
Porter, William H., Jr.— Pvt.
Power, Bernard M. — Pvt.
Powers, Harold J. — Pvt.
Raymond, Russell — Pvt.
Reed, John N. W.— Pvt.
Ross, Jack C— Pvt.
Sanders, Melvin — 1st Sgt.
Schnackenberg, Fred C. — Corp.
Sharp, Francis R. — Corp.
Sharp, Wilham F.— Sgt.
Skinner, Gerald R. — Mechanic.
Smith, Martin F.— Pvt.
Smith, Martin T. — Wagoner.
Stapleton, Harry E. — Sgt.
Strubing, John — Pvt.
Sullivan, Thomas J. — Pvt.
Sullivan, William B.— Pvt.
Towle, Joseph A. — Sgt.
Townsend, Paul A. — Pvt.
Trapp, Louis J. — Corp.
Trubee, Frank C, Jr. — Corp.
Weed, Charles W.— Pvt.
Weyland, Frank C— Pvt.
Wile, Herbert G.— Pvt.
Wilkeson, William— Pvt.
U. S. NAVY
Aaron, Abe — 2d-class Hospital Apprentice, N. R. F.
Abel, Harold J.— 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Abel, Paul L.— Ensign, U. S. S. "Castine".
Abelson, Joseph — Apprentice Seaman.
Abraham Walter J. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Acara, Peter T. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Acker, Joseph F. — 3d-class Fireman, U.S. S. " Michigan"
Ackerman, Eugene C. — Landsman, for Yeoman.
Adams, Albert— Chief Petty Officer, U. S. S. "Prairie."
Adams, Harvey R. — Chief Electrician, N. R. F.
Adams, Herbert L. — Landsman, for Machinist's
Mate (a), N. R. F.
Addington, Harry H. — Apprentice Seaman, N. R. F.
Adelmann, C. A. — Pharmacist.
Adler, Joseph — Apprentice Seaman, N. R. F.
Adriance, Albert — 2d-class Storekeeper, U. S. "Mt.
Vernon." Ship torpedoed and sunk September 5,
1918.
Agar, .James A. — Electrician, U. S. S. "Preston."
Ahr, Charles J. — Ist-class Machinist's Mate.
Aigner, Andrew — Landsman, for Machinist's Mate (a),
N. R. F.
Aigner, Joseph J. — 3d-class Fireman.
Aigner, Joseph — Landsman, for Quartermaster.
Aikin, Roy — .3d-class Fireman.
Aiple, Chas. N. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Aiple, Harry J. — Landsman, for Electrician.
Aiple, John B.— U. S. S. "Magnolia."
Albert, William — 2d-class Fireman.
Albrecht, August L.— Chief Gunner's Mate, U. S. S.
"Israel."
Albrecht, John A. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Alessi, Thomas — Apprentice Seaman, N. R. F.
Alexander, Art. J. — Navy, U. S. Comfort Ship.
Altman, Eli— 2d-Seaman, N. R. F.
Altman, Robert L. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Allan, John S. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Allan, Robert W.— Chief Pharmacist's Mate, U. S. S.
"Antigone."
Allard, Clayton J. — Yeoman.
Allen, Frank J. — Coxswain, U. S. S. "Hwahjah."
Allen, Forest W.— Ensign, U. S. S. "New Hamp-
shire."
Allen, .John G.— U. S. S. "Florida."
Allen, John G. — Seaman, U. S. S. "Susquehanna."
Allen, LeRoy W.— Ist-class Fireman, N. R. F.
Allen, Robert W. — 2d-class Hospital Apprentice.
Alessi, Thomas — U. S. S. "Napotin."
AUenza, Frank H.— 3d-class Fireman, N. R. F.
Allspach, George L. — Landsman, for Machinist's Mate
(a), N. R. F.
Allyn, OUver B.— Machinist's Mate, N. R. F.
Ambrose, Raymond J. — 2d-class Seaman, U. S. S. "New
Hampshire."
Amidon, George H.— Ist-class Seaman, U. S.S." Nichol-
son."
Anderson — Coxswain, U. S. S. "Maine."
Anderson, Chauncey L. — 3d-class Radio Operator, U. S.
S. "South America."
Anderson, James E. — Apprentice Seaman.
Anderson, Lillian R. — Landsman, for Yeoman, Naval
Reserve Force.
Anderson, Roscoe F. — 2d-class Hospital Apprentice, N.
Andrews, Adelbert M. — N. R. F.
Andrews, Edward L. — Apprentice Seaman.
Andrews, John A. — Fireman, U. S. S. "Dixie."
Andrews, John E. — Chief Yeoman, U. S. S. "Penn."
Andrews, Louis — Apprentice Seaman.
Andriatch, Angelo M. — Landsman, for Electrician,
N. R. F.
Andrzejewski, James — Apprentice Seaman.
Angert, Jack — Landsman, for Quartermaster (a).
Angert, Otto — Landsman, for Quartermaster (a).
Angrisano, Louis A. — 2d-Seaman, N. R. F.
Angrisono, Sam A. — Sub-Base Coco Solo.
Anselmo, Joseph J. — Apprentice Seaman, N. R. F.
Antczak, Frank E.— Chief Gunner's Mate, U. S. S.
"North Dakota."
Antzak, Stanley E. — Apprentice Seaman, N. R. F.
Appelthum, Julius M. — Ist-class Carpenter's Mate,
N. R. F.
Arbogast, Clarence F. — Electrician, U. S. S. "Ala."
Arcara, Carl J. — Seaman.
Archer, Albert J. — Apprentice Seaman.
Archer, Ernest — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Arcowitz, Leo — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Arendt, Bernard J. — Naval Air Station, Coco Solo.
Arendt, Thomas — Ist-class Boatswain's Mate, U. S. S.
"Berwyn."
Arent, Stephen T.— U. S. S. "Leviathan."
Argus, Edward S. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Armstrong, David C. — Landsman, for Machinist's
Mate (a), N. R. F.
Armstrong, Walter L. — Ist-class Machinist's Mate,
Sub-chaser 56th Squadron.
Armstrong, Wesley A. — Chief Quartermaster (a),
N. R. F.
Arnold, Harry W. — Landsman le), N. R. F.
Art, Albert J.— Chief Watertender, U. S. S. "Shaw-
mut."
Art, Alexander J. — Seaman.
Ast, Chas. F.— Pvt., Naval Coast Guard.
Ast, R. J. — Ensign, Pay Corps, Naval Reserve.
Atcheson, Thomas J. — 2d-class Hospital Apprentice,
N. R. F.
Atkins, Frederick J. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Atkinson, Earl H. — Machinist's Mate, North Bombing
Squadron.
Audino, Russell J. — Apprentice Seaman, N. R. F.
Ault, Harlow R. — Sailor, LI. S. S. "Monagham."
Autzak, John G. — Coxswain, N. R. F.
Avery, Chas. W., Jr. — 2d-class Hospital Apprentice.
Avery, Edwin P. — Ist-class Quartermaster. Naval
Air Station.
U. S. Navy
625
Avery, Edwin P. — Landsman. Quartermaster (a)
Navy.
Avolt, Wm. V. — Apprentice Seaman. U. S. S. Onon-
daga.
Ayers, Thomas C. — Ist-class Ship's Cook.
Ayres, Victor — 2d-class Hospital Apprentice, N. R. F.
Babbitt, Thomas R.— U. S. S. " Martha Washington."
Babiner, Albert J. — Landsman, for Machinist's Mate
(a), N. R. F.
Bach, Otto — Apprentice Seaman.
Bachman, Joseph L. — 2d-class Machinist's Mate, Naval
Base 17.
Back, Milton L. — 2d-class Yeoman, Bureau Steam Eng.
Backus, Robert H. — Watertender, Great Lakes Station.
Bader, Jacob — Landsman, for Yeoman.
Baderwitz, John R. — Gunner's Mate.
Bagen, Eugene — Seaman, \J. S. S. "Fred K. Lucken-
back."
Bagley, Arthur B. — Lieut., Junior Guard, U. S. S.
"Alaskan."
Bagley, Perry G. — Landsman, for Electrician, N. R. F.
Baier, Henry E. — Chief Electrician, Naval Aviation.
Bailey, Frank J.—Lieut., U. S. S. "Tenadores."
Bailey, Harry F. — 2d-class Electrician, N. R. F.
Baker, David S.~Chief Machinist's Mate, N. R. F.
Baker, Lyman A. — 2d-class Seaman, U. S. S. "Rena
Mercedes."
Baker, Roger M.— 2d-Seaman, N. R. F.
Balachowski, Frank J. — Ist-class Seaman, U. S. S.
"Israel."
Baldauf, Augustus F. — Apprentice Seaman, N. R. F.
Baldensperger, Arthur F. — Landsman, for Electrician,
N. R. F.
Balk, Albert J.— 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Ball, Henry J. — Quartermaster.
Ball, John A.— 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Ballard, Edward J.— 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Baltz, George M. — Landsman, for Carpenter's Mate (a)
Bambam, Erwin F. — Yeoman, U. S. S. "Tacoma."
Bamister, Arthur J. — 2d-class Seaman.
Banchspies, Wm. L. — Apprentice Seaman.
Baner, Joseph — Coxswain.
Banfield, Clifford— Petty Officer, U. S. S. "Hancock."
Injured April, 1918.
Banks, George W.— Yeoman, U. S. S. "Chester."
Baranowski, Frank B. — Ships Co., Newport, R. I.
Barbera, Jack — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Barendt, August A. — Chief Machinist, U. S. S. "Aphro-
dite."
Barger, Darl V. — Landsman, for Quartermaster (a), N.
Barkowski, S. J.— U. S. S. "Paruco."
Barnard, Leon B.
Earner, Charles B. — Machinist's Mate, Destroyer
"Duncan."
Barnaby, Walter T. — Fireman, U. S. S. "Agamemnon."
Barnes, Frank C. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Barnes, Raymond M. — Landsman, for Electrician,
N. R. F.
Barnes, Wallace E. — Landmsan, for Machinist's Mate
(a), N. R. F.
Barone, Charles — 2d-class Seaman, U. S. Submarine B.
Barr, Culver A. — Hospital Apprentice, N. R. F.
Barraclaugh, Arthur — Ist-class Quartermaster, U. S.
Naval Aviation.
Barraclaugh, Harry — Ist-class Quartermaster, U. S.
Naval Aviation.
Barrett, Edward C. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Barrett, Irving T. — Landsman, for Carpenter's Mate (a)
Barry, Hayes P., Jr.— Ist-class Petty Officer, U. S. S.
"'Tiger."
Barth, Albert E.— U. S. S. "South Carolina."
Barth, Frank — Lieut., U. S. S. " Mongolia."
Bartholomy, Carl E. — Landsman, for Electrician,
N. R. F.
Barton, Francis H. — Ist-class Radio, U. S. S. "Minne-
apolis."
Bartley, Arthur H.— Oiler, N. R. F.
Bartscheck, Max F. — 2d-class Electrician, N. R. F.
Basinski, Stanley — Fireman, U. S. S. "Agamemnon."
Basinski, Stanley S. — Apprentice Seaman.
Basinski, Walter J. — Machinist, Torpedo Station, New-
port, R. I.
Bastedo, Paul H. — Lieut.-Com., Submarine Chaser.
Decorated by Italian Government.
Basztura, Joseph.
Bates, Charles — Ensign.
Baty, Robert — 2d-class Machinist's Mate, N. R. F.
Bauchspies, William L. — Seaman, Receiving Ship,
Bumpin Island.
Bauer, Fred W. — Ist-class Fireman, N. R. F.
Bauer, George A. — Seaman, U. S. "Seminole." Injured
September, 1918.
Bauman, Joseph — Fireman, U. S. S. "Lake Frances."
Baumeier, Henry N. — 3d-class Pharmacist's Mate, U. S.
S. "Seattle,"
Bayer, George W. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Bayer, John J. — Oiler.
Baynes, Joseph M. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Bayuse, Michael M. — 3d-class Fireman, U. S. S. "Kon-
ingender Nederlands."
Bazley, Walter — Apprentice Seaman, N. R. F.
Beach, Charles W. — Machinist's Mate, U. S. S. "Puri-
tan."
Beagfe, William E. — 3d-class Fireman.
Beatty, George E. — 3d-class Fireman.
Beatty, John F.— 2d-class Yeoman, N. R. F.
Beatty, William E. — Landsman, for Machinist's Mate
(al, N. R. F.
Beaulac, Leon J. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Beaumarchais, Albert A. — 2d-class Hospital Appren-
tice.
Beaumarehais, Albert — 3d-class Electrician, U. S. S.
"Sterling."
Becher, Chester G. — Apprentice Seaman.
Beck, Elmer J. — 2d-class Hospital Apprentice, N. R. F.
Beck, Sylvester J. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Becker, Carl F.— 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Becker, Chester G. — Apprentice Seaman.
Becker, Henry C. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Becker, Lorenz C. — Coxswain, U. S. S. "Eagle."
Becker, Samuel T.— Chief Quartermaster (a), N. R. F.
Beggs, Samuel J. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
626
Buffalo's Part in the World War
Behen, Joseph V. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Beilman, Albert F. — Gunner, U. S. Destroyer "Downs"
Beilstein, George N. — Seaman, Naval rifle range.
Beitz, Charles F. — Fireman.
Beitz, Norman A. — Yeoman.
Beitz, Stanley J.— 2d-elass Seaman, N. R. F.
Belinson, Jacob — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Bell, Chester D.— 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Bell, Robert C. — Apprentice Seaman.
Beller, Edward G.— 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Bellville, Eugene J. — Apprentice Seaman.
Bender, Fred W. — Naval Militia.
Bender, Henry M.— Ist-class Lieut., U. S. S. "Lake
Shore."
Bender, Louis P. — U. S. S. "Liberator."
Bennam, Marshal — 2d-class Machinists' Mate.
Benner, Clayton — Apprentice Seaman.
Bennett, Charles D.— Lieut., N. R. F.
Bennett, Edmund W.— Chief Quartermaster, U. S. S.
"Arval."
Benning, Earl F. — Ist-class Quartermaster, Naval Avn.
Benshadle, Herbert J. — Apprentice Seaman.
Bentley, Edmund — U. S. S. "Florence H." Injured,
April 17, 1918.
Bentley, George J. — Apprentice Seaman.
Benthel, Howard G. — Seaman, U. S. S. "New York."
Benware, Lawrence J. — 2d-class Electrician, N. R. F.
Benyes, Jacob — Landsman, for Quartermaster (a), N.
Benz, Frank Z. — 2d-class Seaman, Receiving Ship,
"New York City."
Benz, Lewis F. — 2d-class Machinist's Mate, U. S. S.
"Galveston."
Beres, Martin J.— Machinist's Mate, U. S. S. "O 13."
Bergman, Theodore— Chief Petty Ofl^cer, N. R. F.
Bergner, Edward F. R.— Pvt., S. A. T. C.
Berkley, Harry F., Jr. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Berlinghoff, Geo. E. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Bermeitinger, Leroy C. — Pvt., Marine Aviation.
Bernbeck, Frank C. — Apprentice Seaman.
Berndt, Walter L. — Landsman, for Machinist's Mate
(a), N. R. F.
Berndt, Edward J. — Seaman.
Berner, Carl J. — 2d-class Yeoman, N. R. F.
Bernges, Willbert M. — Coxswain, U. S. Naval Aviation.
Berry, Daniel E. — Landsman, for Machinist's Mate
(a), N. R. F.
Bertrand, Joseph W. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F .
Bertsch, George J. — Ist-class Machinist's Mate, U. S. S
"Promethens."
Bertsch. Karl F. — 2d-class Hospital Apprentice, N. R.F.
Besser, William J.— U. S. S. "Dixie."
Best, John P.— 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Beston, Michael V. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Bethmann, Albert F.— Machinist's Mate (a), N. R. F.
Bettinger, Clifford S. — Landsman, for Machinist's
Mate (a), N. R. F.
Beu, Emil P. — Apprentice Seaman. N. R. F.
Beuthel, Howard G. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Beveridge, Roy B. — 2d-class Seaman, Wissahickon Bar.
Bewley, Norman M. — Ist-class Electrician, LI. S. S.
"Texas."
Beyer, Chester — Pvt., Marine.
Bezio, Clarence — Sub Corps 10th Battalion.
Bialoblocki, Alexander H. — Apprentice Seaman.
Bialy, Ben J. — Landsman, for Machinist's Mate (a),
N. R. F.
Biegapski, Ernest W. — 2d-class Machinist's Mate, U. S.
S. "Wachusett." Injured February, 1918.
Bigham, William J. — 1st class Fireman. U. S. S. " Charl-
ston.
Bilger, Wm. F.— 2d-elass Seaman, N. R. F.
Billica, Henry H. — Landsman, for Machinist's Mate (a)
N. R. F.
Billica, Wm. C— 2d-class Pharmacist Mate, U. S. S.
"Orezaba."
Bilskey, August J.— Pvt., U. S. S. "Wyoming."
Binger, George E. — Apprentice Seaman.
Binzo, Francis M. — Ist-class Machinist, U. S. S. "K-5."
Bird, Frank C— A. S. C. M. F.
Bird, Harold A. — Chief Yeoman, Navy Recruiting
Station, Buffalo.
Bird, John H. — Hampton Roads, Va.
Bird, L. T.— Chief Machinist's Mate, U. S. Steam Eng.
School.
Bird, Walter— U. S. S. "Ohio."
Birk, Christ W. — 2d-class Machinist's Mate, Navy.
Birk, Reginald H. — Ist-class Yeoman, N. R. F.
Birkemeir, Edmund A. — 2d-class Machinist's Mate.
Bischoff, William A. — Landsman, for Carp'rs Mate(a).
Biskupski, Leo — U. S. S. "Kentucky."
Bissinger, Arthur J. — Apprentice Seaman.
Bittner, Elmer M. — Landsman, for Machinist's Mate
(a), N. R. F.
Black, Kenneth C. — Radio and Electrician, Transport.
Blackmore, George R. — 2d-class Machinist.
Blaicher, W. D.— Lieut., N. R. F.
Blake, Clifford M. — Landsman, Machinist's Mate (a),
N. R. F.
Blake, Evarts I. — Apprentice Seaman, N. R. F.
Blake, Octave — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Blake, Willard J.— 2d-class Electrician (r), U. S. S.
"Agamemnon."
Blaney. Joseph L. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Blankenberg, Philip — 2d-class Machinist's Mate.
Blaser, Joseph M. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Blatner, Raymond — Landsman, for Machinist's Mate
(a), N. R. F.
Blessing, Conrad J. — Hospital Apprentice, N. R. F.
Blumenschine, Leonard G. — Chief Yeoman, Base 9,
Gibraltar.
Blumreich, Frank — Apprentice Seaman.
Bly, Ralph C. — Landsman, for Electrician, N. R. F.
Boardman, Ralph — Gunner's Mate, Receiving Ship,
"Philadelphia."
Boasberg, Norman — Apprentice Seaman.
Bock, Edward C— Radio Observer, N. R. F.
Bodamer, Harold L. — Chief Yeoman, Bureau of Nav'n.
Bodecker, Wm. F. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Bodkin. William N. — 2d-class Fireman.
Boeck, Phillip D.— 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Bogacki, Joseph H. — Landsman, for Baker.
Bogart, Raymond — Apprentice Seaman.
U. S. Navy
627
Bojanek, Leo — Apprentice Seaman, N. R. F.
Boland, Raymond W. — Apprentice Seaman, N. R. F.
Boldt, F. W.— Ensign.
Boiler, Joseph M. — Apprentice Seaman.
Bollinger, Arthur H. — Landsman, for Machinist's Mate
(al, N. R. F.
Bolognes, Frank — Apprentice Seaman.
Boltz, Christ E.— Chief Machinist's Mate— U. S. S.
"Warrington."
Bonnar, Benjamin H. — Chief Yeoman, Coast Inspect-
or's Office.
Bonnett, Henry O. — Landsman, for Electrician, N. R.F.
Bordwell, Harold V.— Seaman, U. S. S. "Seattle."
Berk, Abel J. — Apprentice Seaman.
Bork, Joseph G. — Apprentice Seaman.
Bork, Phillip J. — Apprentice Seaman.
Bork, William F.— Gun Capt., U. S. S. "New Hamp-
shire."
Borkowicz, Ignatius — 2d-class Hospital Apprentice,
N. R. F.
Borkowicz, J. F. — U. S. S. "Missouri."
Borkowski, Stanley J. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Borowiak, Valentine — U. S. S. "Helenita."
Bosworth, Freeman S. — Apprentice Seaman, N. R. F.
Bouer, Felix J. — Seaman, U. S. S. "Searra." Injured
January, 1918.
Boutet, George H. — 2d-class Yeoman, N. R. F.
Bowen, Elmer A. — 3d-class Hospital Apprentice.
Bowen, George T. — 2d-class Fireman.
Bowers, Frank J. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Bower, Felix J. — Apprentice Seaman.
Bowman, Grant L. — Apprentice Seaman, N. R. F.
Boyce, LeRoy — Apprentice Seaman.
Boyd, Lester — Apprentice Seaman.
Boyle, George T. — Ist-class Seaman, U. S. S. "Lake
Wilson."
Boyle, Walter J. — Landsman, for Quartermaster (a), N.
Boysen, Arthur F. — Landsman, for Ship's Cook, N.R.F.
Bozzuto, John — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Brach, Albert — Landsman, for Machinist's Mate (a),
N. R. F.
Brach, John — 2d-class Seaman, Naval Rifle Range,
Annapolis.
Braciak, Stanley — Portsmouth Navy Yard.
Bradley, Charlotte A. — Landsman, for Yeoman, N.R.F.
Bradley, Chester W.— Fireman, U. S. S. "Ohio."
Bradley, Leonard E. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Brady, Bernard A. — Ist-class Engineer, U. S. S. "Chi-
cago."
Brady, Mable E. — Landsman, for Yeoman, N. R. F.
Brand, Howard J.— U. S. S. "Badger,"
Brand, Norman T. — Fireman, IT. S. S. "Kearsarge."
Brandt, Max — Apprentice Seaman.
Brandys, Stephen — Apprentice Seaman.
Brauer, Henry J. — Musician, U. S. S. "Nevada."
Braun, Charles E. — Naval Aviation.
Brarak, Stanley — 3d-class Fireman.
Breen, Edward — Apprentice Seaman, N. R. F.
Brecht, Fred— Pvt., U. S. Coast Guards 4.
Bredemeier, Carl L. — Ensign.
Breeze, Healy B. — Apprentice Seaman.
Brehm, Paul W. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Breier, Jacob — Apprentice Seaman.
Breker, John F. — Landsman, for Carpenter's Mate (a).
Brendel, John M. — Landsman, for Quartermaster (a).
Brennan, Edward — Chief Yeoman, Naval Hospital,
Newport News.
Brennan, James E. — Apprentice Seaman.
Brennan, Loran C. — Carpenter's Mate, Great Lakes
Training Station.
Brennan, Leo J., — 2d-class Seaman, Navy Rifle Range,
Rumford.
Brennan, Thomas F. — Apprentice Seaman, N. R. F.
Brennan, William J. — Electrician, U. S. S. "Harris-
burg."
Brennison, Walter A. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Breidenstein, Henry P., Jr. — Apprentice Seaman.
Bresker, Otto F. — Landsman, for Carpenter's Mate (a).
Brettle, A. C. — Lieut. Naval Reserve.
Brewster, John N. — 2d-class Yeoman, N. R. F.
Brice, Edgar M. — 2d-class Carpenter's Mate, Naval
Aviation.
Brider, Joseph B. — 3d-class Fireman.
Briggs, E. H. — Lieut.
Briggs, Horace A. — Apprentice Seaman.
Brindle, Arthur F. — Landsman, for Machinist's Mate
la), N. R. F.
Brinkworth, Frank J. — Seaman.
Briskupski, Leo W. — Apprentice Seaman, N. R. F.
Brisson, James M. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Britt, Arthur D. — Storekeeper, Great Lakes.
Broad, Thomas — Apprentice Seaman N. R. F.
Brachmann, Stephen — U. S. S. "Washington."
Brock, Arthur A. — U. S. Naval Base 27. Injured No-
vember, 1917.
Brock, Frederick H.—U. S. Naval Base 27.
Brock, Wm. J. — 2d-class Yeoman, N. R. F.
Bronson, Edward J.
Brost, Edward C. — Landsman, for Machinist's Mate
(a), N. R. F.
Brouk, Frank L. — Apprentice Seaman.
Brown, Benjamin — 2d-class Apprentice Machinist.
Brown, Charles E. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Brown, Charles J. — Ensign, Engineering Duties Only,
N. R. F.
Brown, Clarence E. — 3d-class Fireman, N. R. F.
Brown, Daniel — Sailor, 7th Naval Regiment
Brown, Edward V. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Brown, Eldred E.— Carpenter's Mate, N. R. F.
Brown, Floyd E.— Ist-class Eng., U. S. S. "Munalbro."
Brown, F. Fulton — Ist-class Seaman, U. S. S. "Ohio."
Brown, Harold F. — Ist-class Hosp. Apprentice, N. R.F.
Brown, Harold L. — Landsman le), N. R. F.
Brown, H. L. — Lieut. Commander.
Brown, John — 3d-class Fireman.
Brown, Lester G. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Brown, Robert J. — 2d-class Fireman, N. R. F.
Brown, Russell P. — Apprentice Seaman.
Brown, William M. — Apprentice Seaman, N. R. F.
Browne, John E. — Merchant Marine.
Browning, Brough L. — Ist-class Machinist's Mate, N.
R. F.
628
Buffalo's Part in the World War
Bruce, Chandler L. — Chief Boatswain's Mate, U. S. S.
"Wisconsin."
Bruce, Oliver S.— Ensign, N. R. F.
Brunner, Edward — U. S. Naval Radio Station, Say-
ville, L. L
Brunner, Evan C. — Landsman, for Electrician, N. R. F.
Brunner, Richard A. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Bruso, John C— N. R. F.
Brylinski, Frank M. — U. S. N. Training Station, New-
port, R. L
Brylinski, J. F.— U. S. N. Hospital. W July 21, 1918.
Bryliski, John F. — Apprentice Seaman.
Brzykay, Leonard C. — Apprentice Seaman, N. R. F.
Brzykey, Walter M. — Seaman, U. S. S. "Rhode Island."
Buboltz, Bernard B. — Gunner's Mate, U. S. S. "Texas."
Buboltz, Frank J. — Seaman, U. S. S. "Oklahoma."
Buboltz, Stephen A. — Ist-class Fireman, LT. S. S. "Sus-
quehanna."
Buchanan, Ellsworth J. — Apprentice Seaman.
Buchanan, James L.
Buchanan, W. B. — Lieut.
Buchno, John B.— N. R. F.
Buckey, Fred — 2d-class Musician.
Buckley, .leremiah F. — Landsman Yeoman.
Buckpitt, Milton J. — Machinist's Mate, U. S. S. "Cov-
ington." Injured July 1, 1918.
Buechle, Albert G. — Yeoman, Great Lakes Naval Sta.
Buhlotz, Frank J. — Apprentice Seaman.
Buks, William — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Bulger, Leon W. — Ist-class Boatswain Mate, U. S. S.
"Brooklyn."
Bullard, Washington — Landsman, for Carpenter's Mate
(a), N. R. F.
Bump, William H. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Bunce, John P.— U. S. S. "North Dakota."
Bundrock, Walter H. — 2d-class Machinist's Mate, U.
S. Navy Headquarters.
Bundt, Elmer F. J.— 2d-elass Seaman, N. R. F.
Burd, Daniel E. — Apprentice Seaman.
Burd, Theodore A. — Ensign, Naval Aviation.
Bure, Lee T. — 2d-class Seaman, U. S. S. "Iowa."
Burg, Henry M. — Chief Petty Officer, Naval Aviation
School.
Burkard, Albert — 3d-class Fireman, N. R. F.
Burke, Alan T. — Landsman, for Electrician, N. R. F.
Burke, Elmer E. — Ist-class Quartermaster, U. S. S.
"Snohomish."
Burke, Frank D. — 2d-class Yeoman, N. R. F.
Burke, Harry T. — Ist-class Yeoman, Pelham Bay.
Burke, James J. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Burke, Joseph J. — Coxswain, U. S. Coast Guards.
Burke, WiUiam— Corp., U. S. Guards.
Burke, William A. — Landsman, for Electrician Radio,
Great Lakes, 111.
Burkhardt, Elmer J. — Ist-class Watertender, U. S. S.
"Acusanet."
Burmeister, Edwin W. — Bugler, 5th Coast Guards.
Burns, Harry A. — Coal Passer.
Burns, Harry J. — Landsman, Machinist's Mate (a), N.
Burns, Lewis F. — Ist-class Fireman, U.S.S. "Montana."
Burns, Peter A. — Sailor, Great Lakes.
Burrow, Erwin W. — Ist-class Signalman, U. S. S. "New
York."
Bursztyn, Frank A. — Apprentice Seaman.
Burt, Paul — Acting Chaplain.
Burt, Sylvester — Seaman.
Burtynski, John S. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Bush, Jerome J. — Apprentice Seaman, N. R. F.
Bush, Joseph F. — Apprentice Seaman, U. S. S. "Wyom-
ing."
Bush, Rudolph F. — Apprentice Seaman.
Bussel, Joseph— Pvt., U. S. C. G.
Bussingham, Wm. C. — 3d-class Fireman.
Butcher, Oscar W. — Oiler.
Butler, Frank J.— Chief Yeoman, N. R. F.
Butler, L. J.— Ward Chief, N. R. F.
Button, Leon B. — Landsman, for Machinist's Mate (a),
N. R. F.
Butynski, John S. — LT. S. S. "Susquehanna."
Butz, Chas. — Fireman, U. S. S. "Newport News."
Byers, J. N.— Lieut., N. R. F.
Byers, Newton J. — Lieut..
Byrnes, Mary A. — Landsman, for Yeoman, N. R. F.
Byrns, Myles F. — Landsman, for Quartermaster (a).
Byron, Robert W.
Cabana, Alexander S. — School, LT. S. N. Radio, Naval.
Cafarelli, Louis F. — Landsman, for Machinist's Mate,
N. R. F.
Calasante, Frank M. — Apprentice Seaman, N. R. F.
Callahan, Daniel J. — Coal Passer.
Cameron, Duncan — Landsman, for Electrician.
Camizzi, Michael — Landsman, for Machinist's Mate (a)
N. R. F.
Campagne, Vincent J. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Campbell, Alexander E. — Ist-class Fireman. N. R. F.
Campbell, Charles A. — Landsman, for Carpenter's
Mate (a), N. R. F.
Campbell, Gordon — Ist-class Fireman.
Campbell, Norman F.— Landsman, for Electrician.
N. R. F.
Candee, Dean J. — Landsman, for Electrician, N. R. F.
Cannici, Vincent C. — Ist-class Electrician, IT. S. S.
"Georgia."
Cannon, Hiram B.— Lieut. (J. G.), N. R. F.
Canteline, Irving — Landsman, for Machinist's Mate (a)
N. R. F.
Cantlin, Thomas — Ist-class Yeoman.
Cantor, Maurice F. — Landsman, for Electrician,
N. R. F.
Canty, Joseph — Apprentice Seaman, Students' Army
Training Camp (U. of B.)
Capelle, August E. — Navy, Engineers.
Carberry, Frank E. — Apprentice Seaman, N. R. F.
Cardarella, Samuel S. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Carl, Herman W. — 1st- Assistant Eng., LT. S. S. "Zara."
Carlin, Francis L. — Landsman, for Machinist's Mate (a
(a), N. R. F.
Carlton, Claudins L. — Landsman, for Electrician,
N. R. F.
Carpenter, Carl F. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Carpenter, William H. — Landsman, for Machinist's
Mate (a), N. R. F.
U. S. Navy
629
Carr, Charles J. — Oiler, "Casuell."
Carr, J. Vincent — Gunner, "New Hampshire."
Carriero, Dominic L. — Landsman, for Ship's Cook,
N. R. F.
Carrig, Matthew — 3d-class Fireman.
Carroll, Alfred W. — Ist-class Fireman, S. "Carolina."
Carroll, James E.— P. F., N. R. F.
Carts, Burton E. — 3d-class Fireman,.
Caruana, .1. A. — Seaman Signalman.
Carver, Albert J. — Ist-class Electrician, Radium, N.R.F.
Case, O. J.— Lieut., Junior Grade, N. R. F.
Case, Roland A. — Landsman, for Machinist's Mate (a),
N. R. F.
Casey, Charles V. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Casmey, James E. — Seaman, U. S. S. "Maumee."
Cassady, Walter J. — Carpenter's Mate, Coast Guards,
N. Y. Division.
Cassidy, Elmer G.—Water Tender, U. S. S. "Bell."
Castle, Joseph G. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Catlin, Lee A. — Apprentice Seanam.
Caull, Stafford J.— 3d-class Chief Machinist's Mate,
Naval Aviation.
Caufield, Thojas F. — 3d-class Hospital Apprentice.
Cautor, Maurice F. — Yeoman, U. S. S. "Granite State."
Cave, Roderick Baldwin — Boatswain's Mate, U. S. S.
"Indianapolis."
Cegilski, Stephen S. — Ist-cIass Pvt. Fireman, U. S. S.
Chabot, John O.— 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Chabot, Theodore T. — Apprentice Seaman, N. R. F.
Chadderdon, Howard W. — Apprentice Seaman.
Chadwick, Max L. — Landsman, for Machinist's Mate
(a), N. R. F.
Chamberlain, Charles D. — Coxswain, N. R. F.
Chamberlain, William H. — Ist-class Seaman, U. S. S.
"Kansas."
Chanler, Harold J.^2d-class Machinist's Mate, N. R.F.
Chapin, Ralph H. — Machinist's Mate, "Kernover."
Chapman, George, Jr. — Seaman, U.S.S. "Commanche."
Charters, William T. — Landsman, for Electrician, N.
R. F.
Chartrand, Victor S. — Chief Yeoman, U. S. Coast
Guard Headquarters.
Chase, Earl H. — 2d-class Hospital Apprentice.
Chasin, John J. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Chadwick, Max L. — Landsman, for Machinist's Mate
(a), N. R. F.
Chilcott, FVed A. — Ist-class Machinist's Mate.
Chirico, Anthony P. — Apprentice Seaman.
Chittenden, Richard — 2d-class Seaman, U. S. S. "Min-
nesota."
Chmiel, Stanley — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Chmiewlski, Edward J. — Seaman, U. S. S. "Nebraska."
Chojnacki, Walter — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Christ, Ernst L. — Apprentice Seaman.
Christiano, Augustine J. — Apprentice Seaman, N. R. F.
Cichocki, Edward — Apprentice Seaman.
Cienny, Leo B. — Apprentice Seaman.
Cipolla, Dominic — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Ciresi, James J. — 2d-class Hospital Apprentice, U. S.
Naval Hospital, Portsmouth, Va.
Clabeaux, Francis — Seaman, Patrol Boat.
Claus, Harry E. — Landsman, for Electrician (R),
N. R. F.
Clapp, Andrew W.— Chief Machinist's Mate, U. S.
N. R. F.
Clapper, George Reid — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Claps, Paul M.— Navy, 11th Regiment.
Clark, Alexander H.— Boatswain, U. S. S. "Vixen."
Clark, Benjamin W. — Ist-class Gunner's Mate, Great
Lakes Station.
Clark, Edwin — Apprentice Seaman.
Clark, Edward F.— Yeoman, U. S. S. "Tallapoosa."
Clark, Francis R. — Apprentice Seaman.
Clark, Fred C— 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Clark, George F. — Apprentice Seaman.
Clark, J. B.— Lieut., Junior Grade, N. R. F.
Clark, Leonard A. — Gunner's Mate, U. S. S. "Nevada."
Clark, Walter Morris — Seaman.
Clarke, Joseph L. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Clarke, Joseph W. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Clarke, William B. — Ist-class Gunner's Mate, Aviation,
Naval Air Station.
Claus, H. E. — Co. Commander, Navy Great Lakes.
Claus, William P.— 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Claxton, James A. — Landsman, for Carpenter's Mate
(a), N. R. F.
Clayson, Earl J. — 3d-class Fireman.
Cleary, Bernard T. — 2d-class Mate, Navy Aviation.
Cleary, Victor J. — 3d-class Fireman.
Cleesattell, John F. — Seaman.
Clift, George W. — Ist-cIass Fireman.
Clift, William W.— Ist-class Petty Officer, U. S. S.
"Pueblo."
Climenhage, Isaac — 3d-class Fireman.
Cline, Leroy W. — Apprentice Seaman. N. R. F.
Cline, Oswald G. — 2d-class Machine Mate.
Closkey, Otto J. H.— Oiler, U. S. S. "Sigourney."
Closkey, William— Ist-class Cook, U. S. S. "Swallow."
Coatsworth, Albert E.— Radio Operator, U. S. S. "Col.
E. L. Drake."
Coatsworth, C. J.— Ensign, N. R. F.
Coatsworth, Emerson E.— Landsman, for Electrician,
N. R. F.
Coatsworth, Harold T.— Electrician, U. S. S. "South
Carolina."
Cochrane, William J.— Landsman, for Electrician,
N. R. F.
Cogan, Charles R.— 2d-class Hospital Apprentice,
N. R. F.
Cohn, Edward J.— Chief Petty Officer, Navy Intelli-
gence Dept.
Cohen, Louis — Ist-class Yeoman.
Cohen, Samuel I. — Ist-class Pharmacist's Mate, U. S. S.
"Calamares."
Cohn, Edward J.— Landsman, for Electrician, N. R. F.
Cole, Clarence E. — Apprentice Seaman.
Cole, Gordon K.— Seaman, Navy, U. S. S. " Mt. Ver-
non." (Sunk September 5, 1918.)
Coleman, Chester R.— 2d-Boatswain's Mate, U. S. S.
"Matsonia."
Coleman, James H. — 2d-class Machinist's Mate.
Coley, George H. — Fireman, U. S. "Ohio."
630
Buffalo's Part in the World War
Coldwell, Janet M. — Landsman, for Yeoman, N. R. F.
Coley, George — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Coligan, John R. — Ist-class Mate, U. S. S. "Iroquois."
Colligan, Robert H. — Landsman (e), N. R. F.
Collins, Anthony F. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Collins, Arthur W. — Ist-class Machinist's Mate, U. S.
N. R. F.
Collins, Francis V. — 2d-class Signalman, LI. S. S. " Man-
churia."
Collins, Henry J. — Chief Yeoman, Recruiting Officer,
U. S. N.
Collins, James W. — Apprentice Seaman, N. R. F.
Collins, John J. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Collins, Thomas J. — Apprentice Seaman.
Collins, James W. — Fireman, U. S. S. "Rhode Island."
Colosante, Frank M. — Seaman, U. S. S. "Olympia."
Command, Constantino — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Conant, Lewis C. — 2d-class Quartermaster, N. R. F.
Condon, Michael J. — Ist-class Seaman, "Santa Teresa."
Condon, Stephen V. — Apprentice Seaman.
Cone, Dominic P. — 2d-class Seaman. N. R. F.
Conley, John J. — Apprentice Seaman, Co. C, Ohio
Northern University.
Conley, Lawrence L. — Landsman, for Machinist's
Mate (a), N. R. F.
Conley, Howard H. — Fireman, U. S. S. "Housatonic."
Conlin, Thomas J. — Chief Electrician, U. S. Naval Air
Forces.
Conlon, William E. — 1st Engineer, U. S. S. "Swallow."
ConoUy, James J. — Ensign (D), N. R. F.
Connelly, John F.— C. O. P., Great Lakes.
Connelly, William M. — Lieut., U. S. S. "Tenadores."
Conner, John F. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Connelly, Allyn P. — 2d-class Machinist's Mate.
Connolly, Charles R. — 2d-class Machinist's Mate.
Connolly, J. J.— Ensign, U. S. N. R. F.
Connolly, Paul J. — Ist-cIass Skipper, N. R. F.
Connor, John H. — Ist-class Quartermaster, Naval
Aviation Forces.
Connor, Jos. E., Fireman, U. S. N. Base No. 29.
Connor, Norton L. — Signal Quartermaster, V. S. S.
"Oscondaga."
Connors, W. J., Jr.— Ensign, U. S. N. R. F.
Conrad, Edward H. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Conrad, Raymond H. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Conshafter, Henry D. — Landsman, for Carpenter's
Mate (a).
Coshman, Maurice — U. S. Naval Air Station.
Constable, William — Lieut., U. S. S. "Lake Harney."
Conway, Charles A., 2d-class Hospital Apprentice, N.
R. F.
Cooke, Allen B. — 3d Quartermaster, "Zeelandia"
(transport).
Cook, Joseph, Apprentice Seaman.
Cook, Myron H. — Seaman.
Cooley, George G. — 2d-class Hospital Apprentice, N.
R. F.
Coonly, Edward J. — Lieut., U. S. S. "Lake Pleasant."
Cooper, Gayl. E. — Chief Yeoman, N. R. F.
Cooper, Irene Mary — Landsman, for Yeoman, N. R. F.
Cooper, J. V. — Gunner.
Corcoran, Frank B. — 2d-class Hospital Apprentice, N.
R. F.
Corcoran, Herbert J. — Ensign, Newport, R. I.
Cordner, John W. — Apprentice Seaman.
Corell, Leonard J. — Landsman, for Electrician, N.R.F.
Carrao, Charles — Seaman, N. R. F.
Corser, Elroy M. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Corsey, Howard — Apprentice Seaman, N. R. F.
Cosby, Albert — 3d-class M. A.
Costella, James J. — 2d-class Electrician, N. R. F.
Costello, Thomas H. — 3d-class Fireman.
Cotter, John J. — Apprentice Seaman, N. R. F.
Coughlin, Myles M. — Apprentice Seaman.
Courtney, C. E. — Ensign.
Courtney, John E. — 2d-class Electrician, N. R. F.
Coveney, William B.— 2d Ship's Cook, U. S. S. " Illinois."
Cowell, George F. — 2d-class Fireman Seaman.
Cowels, J. Lee — Sergt., Nav. Res. Inf. (overseas
casuals).
Coxhead, Charles B. — Landsman, for Electrician, N.
R. F.
Cramer, Edward — Seaman.
Cramer, Kenneth, A. — Apprentice Seaman.
Cratta, Wm. P. — Landsman, for Electrician, N. R. F.
Crawford, Harrison H. — Ensign, Great Lakes.
Cray, .James L. — 2d-class Machinist's Mate.
Creekmore, Clarence E. — 2d-class Hospital Apprentice.
Creswell, Charles — Chief Machinist's Mate, N. R. F.
Cronyn, Philip J. — Petty Officer, "Wyoming."
Crosby, Henry W. — Landsman, for Electrician, N.R.F.
Crotty, Edward H.— 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Crotty, Thomas J. — Seaman. On "Mt. Vernon" when
torpedoed September 5, 1918.
Culhane, Gerald P.— Chief Machinist's Mate, U. S.
Naval Aviation Reserve.
Craut, Benj. Carl. 2d-class Machinist's Mate, U. S. S.
"Jupiter."
Cryan, Clair M. — Landsman, for Yeoman, N. R. F.
Cummings, Wm. J. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Cunion, Clarence E. — Landsman, for Electrician, N.
R. F.
Cunningham, Cornelius F. — 2d-class Machinist's Mate,
Navy.
Cunningham, Harry J. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Cunningham, R. J. — Landsman, for Electrician.
Curran, Harold R. — 2d-class Hospital Apprentice, N.
R. F.
Curren, Thomas F. — 2d-class Landsman, for Ma-
chinist's Mate, N. R. F.
Curtis, Henry H. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Custer, John E. — Blacksmith.
Cutter, Charles J. — Ist-class Yeoman, Dorchester,
Mass.
Cutting, Albert J. — Apprentice Seaman.
Cutting, Charles G. — Chief Storekeeper, Chief Naval
Storekeeper.
Cutting, Samuel E. — Landsman, for Electrician.
Cuyler, Theodore J. — Apprentice Seaman, N. R. F.
Cwchlincki, John, Naval Aviation.
Cwnklinski. John — 2d-class Machinist's Mate, N.R.F.
Cwilinski, John — Landsman, for Quartermaster (a).
U. S. Navy
631
Cyganek, Barnard, New Jersey, Leviathan.
Cymny, Walter S. — Apprentice Seaman.
Cyran, Michael A.— Co. 100, Unit B, Regt. 2d Naval
Operation Base, Hampton Roads, Va.
Czaja, Walter F. — Ist-class Fireman, U. S. S. "Rhode
Island."
Czerwinswi, Stephen F. — Apprentice Seaman, N. R. F.
Dabritz, Oscar H. — Radio Operator, U. S. S. "Xairfa."
Daggett, Clark C. — Landsman, for Machinist's Mate (ai.
Dailey, Morris L. — Ship's Writer, " Winnisennet."
Daley, Cyril D.— 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Dalton, John W.— 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Dalton, Thomas W.— 2d Seaman, Base No. 6, 3d Naval
Reserve, N. R. F.
Daly, Edward M. — 3d-class Fireman.
Daly, George J. — 2d-class Seaman, Navy, U. S. "Mt.
Vernon."
Daly, James F. — U. S. S. "Onondaga."
Daly, Martin J., Jr. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Damian, Daniel J. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Danahy, John — 2d-class Fireman.
Daniels, Edward L. — Chief Boatswain's Mate, B. U. S.
Navy R 7.
Daniels, Edward L — Machinist.
Daniels, William F. — 3d-class Fireman, N. F. R.
Daniszka, F. J.— Petty Officer, U. S. S. "Ohio."
Danner, Joseph E. — Ist-class Carpenter, "Arcadon."
Danuan, Daniel J. — Gunner's Mate School.
Dannebrock, Edward G. — 2d-class Machinist's Mate.
Danz, Henry H., Jr. — Chief Quartermaster, U. S. S.
"Colhoun."
Danz, William H. — Ist-class Machinist's Mate, N.R.F.
Danz, William — Capt., Navy. Pen. Florida Sea-
plane.
Daralorsky, Frank — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Darroch, Frank N. — Apprentice Seaman.
Daruzka, 3d-class Fireman.
Daruzka, Frank J.— U. S. S. "Ohio."
Daut, Albert— Navy, U. S. S. "Western."
Davenport, George H. — Ist-class Fireman Seaman, N.
Daver, Cecil S. — Apprentice Seaman.
Davies, .Joseph — Apprentice Seaman.
Davis, Frank W.— Seaman, No. 58, Unit X, N. R. F.
Davis, George W. — 3d-class M. A.
Davis, Harry J. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Davis, Harry W.— U. S. S. "Lake Geneva."
Davis, Harry W. — Apprentice Seaman.
Davis, Henry G. — Petty Officer, Transport Service.
Davis, James A. — Landsman, for Electrician, N. R. F.
Davis, James F. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Davis, .John J. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Davis, John J. — Apprentice Seaman.
Davis, Thomas A. — 2d-class Carpenter's Mate, Balti-
more Navy Yard.
Davis, William J. — 2d-class Quartermaster, U. S. Mer-
chant Transports.
Davis, William T. — 3d-class Fireman.
Davison, Alfred R. — Apprentice Seaman, N. R. F.
Dawson, W. Picken — Seaman, Receiving Ship at
Boston.
Day, Clifford L.— Pvt., 39th, 1st Marine Aviation.
Day, David E. — Apprentice Seaman, N. R. F.
Dayton, Russell J. — Landsman, for Electrician.
Deboy, Franklin C.
Debski, Frank — Fireman, Balboa Canal Zone, 15th
Naval District.
De Castro, Julian E.— C. I. M. (a), N. R. F.
Decker, John J. — 3d-class Fireman.
Deckop, James A. — Landsman, for Electrician, N. R. F.
Dedloff, William C. — 2d-class Hospital Apprentice,
N. R. F.
Deegan, John M. — Seaman, Navy, Rifle Range.
De Ford, Harold L.— 2d-class Lieut., 26, U. S. S. C.
Deglopper, Roy A. — Apprentice Seaman, N. R. F.
Deiboldt, Gerhard J. — Ist-class Boatswain's Mate, U. S.
S. "Oklahoma."
Deiboldt, George E. — Apprentice Seaman, N. R. F.
Deintzer, Frank J. — 2d-class Y'eoman, N. R. F.
Deitrich, Arthur W. — 2d-class Yeoman, N. R. F.
Deitrich, William C. — Ist-class Hospital Apprentice,
N. R. F.
Deitsch, Karl J. — Landsman, for Carpenter's Mate,
N. R. F.
Dekdebomm, John H. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Dekdelrenn, John H.— Pvt., U. S. Navy Rifle Range.
Delaney, Edward J. — Ist-class Yeoman, N. R. F.
Delaney, John E. — Landsman, for Electrician, N. R. F.
Dell, Bidwell A. — Seaman, U. S. S. "Hamptington."
Dellwardt, Raymond H. — 3d-class Electrician (R),
Naval Radio.
Dengler, Norman A. — 2d-class Coppersmith, N. R. F.
De Niord, Kelvin RF.— U. S. Naval School 10.
Denier, William N. — Landsman, for J. M. (a).
Dennis, Vernon E. — 3d-class Electrician, N. R. F.
De Noon, Earl M. — Apprentice Seaman.
Depew, Ganson G. — Lieut., N. R. F. Corps.
De Prina, Robert S. — Apprentice Seaman, N. R. F.
Deritt, William M. — Navy, Camp.
Derner, Albert~lst-class S. F., U. S. Navy Radio Det.
Derszczak, Stephen — Landsman, for Carp'r's Mate (a I.
Desmond, Robert R. — Apprentice Seaman.
De Spirt, Giles — Ist-class Machinist's Mate, N.'R. F.
Detenbeck, Fred C. — Landsman, for Electrician, N.R.F.
Devaney, Flalion J. — 3d-class Fireman.
Devoe, John J. — Ist-class Engineer, "Stevens" and
"Kimberly."
Devoe, John J. — Coxswain, Navy (Reserve).
Dewey, Leonard J. — Landsman, for Machinist's Mate
(a), N. R. F.
Dewitt, William M. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
De Witt, Reginald M. — 2d-class Hospital Apprentice.
De Wolf, Edwin C— Gunner, 6th Div., U. S. S. "North
Carolina."
Deyo, Marion — Apprentice Seaman.
Diamond, Clark G. — Ensign, Naval Aviation.
Di Bello, Gaston — 17th Regiment, U. S. Naval Forces.
Dick, Norman J. — 2d-class Seamen, N. R. F.
Dickey, Samuel J. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Didley, Eugene G. — Seaman Inst., V. S. Navy, New-
port, R. I.
Didley, .Joseph M.— Coal Passer Only, U. S. S. "Phila-
delphia."
632
Buffalo's Part in the World War
Dieboldt, George E. — Seaman, Hampton Roads.
Diebrich, Bernard J. — Apprentice Seaman, Naval Unit,
Rensselaer Poly. Inst.
Diedrich, William C. — Pharmacist's Mate, U. S. Navy
Recruiting Station.
Diehl, Russell A. — 3d-class Radio, U. S. S. "Alabama."
Diem, Gerald B. — Radio, "Howard."
Dier, Calvin V. — Landsman, for Machinist's Mate (a),
N. R. F.
Dietrich, Arthur W. — Ist-class Yeoman, Naval Avia.
Dietschler, Louis M. — Landsman, for Electrician,
N.R. F.
Dietz, Charles L. — Apprentice Seamen.
Dietzer, Gilbert — Ist-class Coppersmith, U. S. S.
"Stevens."
Dikeman, Fred G. — 2d-class Hospital Apprentice.
Dillemuth, Carl C— Lake Clear.
Dingman, Harry M. — 3d-class Fireman.
Disher, James F. — Ist-class Yeoman, N. R. F.
Disher, Joseph H. — 2d-class Quartermaster, N. R. F.
Dishes, James F. — Ist-class Yeoman, Naval Turbine S.
Dittmar, Robert E. — Apprentice Seaman.
Divine, Frank E. — 2d-class Machinist's Mate.
Dixon, Clarence M. — Ist-class Carpenter, Naval Avia.
Dixon, John S. — 2d-class Fireman, Coast Guard.
Dobies, Louis S. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Dobmeier, Andrew F. — Landsman, for Machinist's
Mate (a), N. R. F.
Dobson, John H. — Landsman, for Electrician.
Dobson, Willard D. — 2d-class Hospital Apprentice.
Doelman, Myron — Ist-class Petty Officer, U. S. S.
"Henley."
Doerfier, John — Ist-class Machinist's Mate, N. R. F.
Doettum, Edward A. — 2d-class Seamen, N. R. F.
Doettrel, Albert H.— Ist-class Machinist, U. S. S.
"Kanawha."
Doettrel, Charles J. — Ship's writer. Battery Barge, N.Y.
Doettrel, Edward A.— N. R. F., Great Lakes.
Doettrel, Frank— Chief Maeh., U. S. S. "Mt. Vernon."
Doherty, Charles W. — Apprentice Seaman.
Dolan, William J. — Navy Officers' Material School.
Dolbear, John R. — Apprentice Seaman.
Doll, Arthur O. — Seaman.
Domnick, Carl H. — Navy Yard.
Dondajewski, Frank — 3d-class Fireman, N. R. F.
Donnebrock, Edwin G.— Petty Officer, U. S. S. "Tona-
path."
Donnelly, John J. — Apprentice Seaman, E, 4th Reg. N.
Donnelly, Robert E. — 2d-class Hospital Apprentice,
N. R. F.
Donovan, Maurice T. — Landsman, for Electrician
Radio, Naval Radio School, Cambridge, Mass.
Dorch, Louis — 2d-class Fireman.
Dorcy, Walter E. — Apprentice Seaman.
Dorn, Arthur J. — 2d-class Yeoman, N. R. F.
Dorscheid, Gerald — Seaman, U. S. Naval Air Station.
Dougherty, F. F.— Ensign, U. S. Naval Air Service.
Dougherty, Edward J. — Yeoman, S, 15th Regiment.
Dove, Clarence J. — Signalman, "Pueblo."
Dowdell, William C. — Landsman, for Electrician Radio,
Naval Aviation.
Dowling, Elmer J. — Landsman, for Electrician Radio,
"Pennsylvania."
Downs, Harold — 2d-class Machinist's Mate, U. S. S.
"Montana."
Drasgow, Arthur J. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Dray, .James J. — 3d-class Fireman, N. R. F.
Dredzinski, Stanislaus — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Drennan, Earl A. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Drennan, Stanley — Ist-class Fireman, U. S. S. "Ta-
coma."
Drennen, William H. — Ist-class Yeoman.
Drescher, John J. — Landsman, for Machinist's Mate (a)
N. R. F.
Drescher, Raymond J. — Landsman, for Carpenter's
Mate (a), N. R. F.
Dress, David R., Jr. — Ist-class Gunner's Mate.
Drexelius, Frank J. — Landsman, for Electrician, N.R.F.
Drexelius, Leo J. — Coxswain, 12th Regiment.
Drexelius, Peter G. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Drinkwine, Louis N. — Carpenter's Mate (a), N. R. F.
Drinkwine, Richard N. — Ensign, Naval Aviation.
Drischak, Herbert W.— 225th U. S. S. C.
DriscoU, Dennis — 806th Unit Naval Operating Base,
Hampton Roads.
Driscoll, Frederick — Torpedo Man, 1st Regiment. _
DriscoU, John J.— U. S. S. "Kentucky."
Dritsche, Karl J. — U. S. Naval Aviation Squad.
Drumm, Frederick — Ist-class Yeoman, N. R. F.
Drumm, Raymond L. — Landsman, for Carpenter's
Mate (a).
Drzewiecka, Peter P. — Ist-class Carpenter's Mate, U. S.
Naval Air Force.
Duby, Frank J. — 2d-class Fireman.
Duchmann, Edwin G. — Apprentice Seaman.
Ducker, E. L.— U. S. N. R. F. (Pay Corps.)
Dudley, Donald S. — Ensign, 9th Naval Reserve Flying
Corps.
Duff, Walter C— 2d-class Seaman, U. S. S. "Iowa."
Dulczewski, Boleslaw A. — Ist-class Machinist's Mate,
N. R. F.
Dumas, Samuel R. — 3d-elass Fireman.
Dumke, Albert H. — Water Tender, "Roe."
Dumke, Fred T. — Water Tender, "Davis."
Dumke, Leo, — Seaman, "Pennsylvania."
Dunbar, Joseph V. — 15th Great Lakes Training Station.
Dundon, Edward — Signalman "Blackhawk."
Dunn, Arthur T. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Dunn, Harry R. — Apprentice Seaman.
Dunn, Willard B.~U. S. S. "New Mexico."
Dunner, William H. — Ist-class Yeoman, U. S. N. R. F.
Dunning, Roland L. — Petty Officer, 6th Great Lakes.
Durkin, Paul J. — 2d-class Hospital Apprentice.
Durnick, Arthur M. — Carpenter's Mate, 5th Division
"Leviathan."
Durrenberger, Frederick W. — Chief Electrician, Naval
Militia.
Duschak, Herbert W. — 2d-class Boatswain's Mate
Sub. Chaser 225.
Dussing, Joseph J. — Fireman, U. S. "Narragansett."
Duszezak, Steve— Petty Officer, 304 U. S. Naval Air
Station.
U. S. Navy
633
Duvall, Clyde W.— 2d-class Electrician, N. R. F.
Du Vail, Herbert A.— U. S. Navy Power Radio Station.
Dux, Stanislaus — 3d-class Fireman, N. R. F.
Duzen, Norman W. — Ist-class Machinist's Mate, "St.
Francis."
Dwyers, Augustus A. — N. R. F.
Eagan, Howard C. — Landsman, for Machinist's Mate
(al, N. R. F.
Eagan, James L. — 3d-class Electrician, N. R. F.
Eager, Frank— U. S. S. "Lake Wimico."
Eastman, Roy F.— C. W. T., U. S. S. "Mt. Vernon."
ship sunk by torpedo, September ,S, 1918.
Eberhard, Frederick B. — Landsman, for Machinist's
Mate (a), N. R. F.
Eberhards, J. J.
Eberz, Mathias J. — 2d-class Shipfitter.
Ebling, Christian C. — Ist-class Engineer, U. S. S."New
York."
Eckel, G. J. — Assistant Surgeon. U. S.
Eddy, Elmer S. — Landsman, for Electrician.
Eddy.Wilkie C. — Carpenter's Machinist's Mate.N.R.F.
Edlich, Wm. F. — 11th Provost Guards, Great Lakes.
Edwards, Lester — Ist-class Fireman, N. R. F.
Edwards, Samuel W. — Landsman, for Electrician ,N.
R. F.
Egan, James L. — Ist-class Radio Operator, U. S. S.
"Arizona."
Egan, Michael V., Jr. — Landsman, for Carpenter's
Mate I a).
Eggenweiler, Percy J. — Landsman, for Electrician, N.
R. F.
Egloff, George E.— 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Egloff, George F. — 3d-class Electrician, U. S. Naval
Radio Station.
Egloff, George J. — Seaman, Navy Signal School.
Ehrmann, Robert J. — 2d-class Yeoman, Naval No. 6.
Ehrne, Edwin J. — Ist-class Yeoman, N. R. F.
Eighmy, George W. — Midshipman, U. S. Naval Acad-
emy.
Eimiller, How'ard F. — Machinist's Mate.
Eimiller, Howard J. — 2d-class Machinist's Mate, Great
Lakes.
Elberfield, Anthony A. — Apprentice Seaman.
Elerhardt, Frederick B., Jr. — Landsman, for Machinist's
Mate (a), N. R. F.
Elerhardt, Joseph J. — Landsman, for Machinist's Mate
(a), N. R. F.
Eller, Louis F. — Gunpointer, U. S. S. "Sykins."
EUerman, Elmer — U. S. S. "Alabama."
Elliott, Harry A. — Quartermaster, U. S. Naval Dirigible
Service.
Elliott, Wm.— Ord. Seaman, U. S. S. "Grechan."
Ellis, Charles H. — Landsman, for Electrician.
Ellis, Linton C. — 3d-class Machinist Apprentice.
Elsaesser, Eugene E. — Apprentice Seaman.
Ellsworth, Leander W. — 2d-class Hospital Apprentice.
Elmore, Nelson A. M. — 2d Officer, U. S. Engineering
School.
Enders, Charles — Landsman, for Carpenter's Mate (a).
Engasser, Emil A.— U. S. S. "Illinois."
Engelhardt, Robert W. — Seaman.
Englehardt, Theodore R. A. — Apprentice Seaman.
Enghsh, Alfred J. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Ensminger, Austin W. — Landsman, for Machinist's
Mate (a).
Eppolito, William P. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Erb, Herman E. — Chief Machinist's Mate, Aero Sta-
tion, Hampton Roads.
Erdman, Chas. E. — Landsman, for Quartermaster (a).
Erdman, Chas. W. — 3d-class Fireman, N. R. F.
Eric, Campbell — Chief Yeoman, U. S. S. "Chicago."
Erick, Howard P. — Apprentice Seaman, N. R. F.
Erickson, David F. — Chief Petty Officer, Aerial.
Erickson, H. D. — Ist-class Yeoman.
Erickson, Paul H. — Ist-class Machinist, Aeronautic
Section.
Ericson, Leroy H. — Apprentice Seaman.
Erion, Charles O. — Apprentice Seaman.
Ertel, Herbert W. — Seaman, U. S. S. "Aroostock."
Ervalina, Anthony P. — U. S. S. "Kentucky."
Escarage, George H. — Apprentice Seaman.
Eshberger. Harry J. — 3d-class Fireman, N. R. F.
Ess, Norman L. — Landsman, for Carpenter's Mate (a).
Evans, Chas. F. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Evans, Robert L. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Evans, Samuel M. — Apprentice Seaman.
Even, Louis — Watertender, U. S. S. "Pastroa."
Evernden, H. A.— Ensign, U. S. N. R. F. Pay Corps.
Ewing, James F. — Apprentice Seaman, N. R. F.
Exler, Benjamin, — Landsman, for Quartermaster (a).
Faats, George W.— U. S. N. T. S. Great Lakes.
Fairbairn, William B. — Landsman, for Electrician,
N. R. F.
Fairbairn, William G. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Falk, Joseph F.— 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Faller. Edward M.— Seaman, U. S. N. R. F.
Faltisko, Stephen J.— Sailor, S. S. "Yarnell."
Fane, Daniel J. — Machinist, U. S. S. "Lake Silver."
Farnham, Raymond D. — 2d-class Machinist's Mate.
Farrar, David H. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Farrar, Frank N., Jr. — Landsman, Machinist's Mate,
N. R. F.
Farrell, Frank J. — Apprentice Seaman.
Farrell, May M. — 2d-class Yeoman, N. R. F.
Farrell, Samuel F. — Apprentice Seaman.
Fath, Cilois J.— Seaman, U. S. S. " Martha Washing-
ton."
Faulise, Raymond E. — 2d-class Blacksmith, N. R. F.
Feden, Mark — 2d-class Electrician, N. R. F.
Fee, Harry E. — Chief Engineer Merchant Marine.
Feger, Joseph — 3d-class Fireman.
Fehlberg, Elmer A. — Apprentice Seaman, N. R. F.
Feiman, Maurice T. — Chief Yeoman.
Feiman, Meyer J. — Seaman, Pelham Battalion.
Felder, John, Jr. — Seaman, U. S. S. "Levithian."
Felder, Michael — U. S. Navy Aviation.
Feldmeyer, Fred F. — 3d-class Fireman, N. R. F.
Felger, Norman J. — 2d-class Hospital Apprentice, 6th
Regiment.
Feller, Geo. A. — U. S. Navy, Repair Base, Eastleigh,
Eng.
Feller, George M. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
634
Buffalo's Part in the World War
Fellner, Charles G. — Fireman, U. S. S. "Alabama."
Fellner, Dawson E. — Apprentice Seaman.
Fellows, David — Apprentice Seaman.
Felt, Murray C. — Landsman, for Mus.
Fenzl. Walter H. —Apprentice Seaman.
Ferguson, Earl C— Ensign, U. S. S. "Leviathan."
Ferguson, Willis G.— 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Ferrinolo, Sandy — U. S. S. "Ross."
Ferris, Alexander J.
Fess, Edwin L. — 2d-class Seaman, U. S. Navy Avia-
tion.
Fest, Edwin L. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Feuerbach, .John H. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Fiderowitz, Charles G. — 2d-class Machinist's Mate.
Fiddler, Joseph A. — Ist-class Yeoman, U. S. S. "Ta-
coma."
Fiebelkorn, Leo — Apprentice Seaman.
Field, Reginald R. — Apprentice Seaman, N. R. F.
Filder, Henry L. — 2d-class Seaman, U. S. Navy Air
Patrol Station, Coco Sola Canal Zone.
Filipski, Stanley F.— U. S. S. "Leviathan."
Finch, Maynard J. — 2d-class Machinist's Mate.
Finch, Ralph R. — Apprentice Seaman, N. R. F.
Finerty, Edmund V. — Apprentice Seaman.
Finegold, Isadore— Quartetmaster, S. S. "Phoenix."
Fink, Alfred M.— 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Fink, Charles D. — Apprentice Seaman.
Fink, Sylvester F.— Chief Machinist's Mate, U. S. S.
"Kimberly."
Finkelstein, D. Harold — Yeoman, Great Lakes.
Finn, Alfred— 3d-class Fireman, N. R. F.
Finn, Francis A. — Landsman, for Machinist's Mate,
N. R. F.
Firlik, Frank — Apprentice Seaman, N. R. F.
Fischer, Albert G.— 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Fischer, Arthur H. — Seaman, Great Lakes.
Fischer, Arthur J.— Seaman, Norfolk Receiving Ship.
Fischer, L. Norman— Chief Yeoman, Cost Inspection
Service.
Fisher, Arthur F. — Apprentice Seaman, N. R. F.
Fisher, Arthur H.— 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Fisher, Arthur J. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Fisher, Carl Daniel— 2d-class Quartermaster, N. R. F.
Fisher, Louis N. — Chief Yeoman, N. R. F.
Fisher, Porter G. — Chief Quartermaster, Naval Avia-
tion.
Fisher, Thomas J.— 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Fischer, William H. — Ist-class Hopsital Apprentice,
N. R. F.
Fisher, William J.— U. S. S. Merchant.
Fitzgerald, Frank D.— 3d-class Fireman.
Fitzgerald, Geo. J. — Landsman, for Electrician, N.R.F.
Fitzgerald, John J.— Lieut., Junior Grade, U. S. S.
"Aeolus."
Fitzgerald, William J.— 3d-class Fireman.
Fitsgibbons, William T.— Apprentice Seaman, N. R. F.
Fitzhenry, Francis A. — 2d-class Hospital Apprentice,
N. R. F.
Fitzhenry, Matthew V.— Seaman, N. R. F.
Fitzpatrick, Earl A, —Apprentice Seaman, N. R. F.
Fitzpatrick, Francis M.— Electrician, N. R. F.
Fitzpatrick, Harry O. — Ist-class Electrician, Fort Tilden.
Fitzpatrick, Lloyd J. — 2c-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Fitzpatrick, Paul E.— Chief Quartermaster, N. R. F.
Fitzpatrick, Robert G. — Ist-class Fireman, U. S. S.
"Mary Alice." Injured October 5, 1918.
Fitzsimmons, Harry J. — Ist-class Machinist, U. S. S.
"Finch."
Fix, Patrick E. — Apprentice Seaman.
Fix, Patrick C. — Signalman, Armed Guard.
Fladd, Everett J.— Yeoman, Naval Militia, N. R. F.
Flaherty, Harold G. — Ist-class Machinist's Mate,
N. R. P.
Flaherty, John P.— 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Flaherty, William E.— Ensign, N. R. F.
Flannery, Chas. M. — Landsman, for Electrician, N.R.F.
Flannery, James C— Chief Petty Officer, U. S. S.
"Lillian."
Flanigan, Edward L. — 2d-class Storekeeper, N. R. F.
Fleishauer, Ernest — Apprentice Seaman, N. R. F.
Fleissner, William J. — Engineer, U. S. S." Jupiter."
Fleury, Eugene J. — Chief Yeoman Coast Guard.
Flore, Eugene S. — Landsman, for Machinist's Mate,
N. R. F.
Flynn, David J. — Quartermaster Sgt., U. S. N. Avia-
tion.
Flynn, Frank L.— Seaman, U. S. S. "Tucker."
Flynn, William J. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Flynn, William J. — 2d-class Yeoman, Great Lakes.
Foersch, Howard E. — Apprentice Seaman, U. S. S.
"Carols."
Foley, Albert— Fireman, U. S. S. "Mt. Vernon."
Foley, Clara — Landsman, for Yeoman, N. R. F.
Folwell, Bainbridge D.— Destroyer "Terrz."
Formella, Walter B. — 3d-class Fireman.
Forrestel, Emmet P. — Midshipman, U. S.Navy Acad'y.
Forrestel, William J.— Lieut., Sr. Grade, U. S. S.
"Santa Teresa."
Foster, Harry N. — Seaman, U. S. S. " Mt. Vernon."
Fowler, Clifford W. — Ist-class Electrician, Hickman
Radio Operator.
Fowler, Franklin H.— Lieut., Jr. Grade, N. R. F.
Fox, Charles J.— Lieut., Sr. Grade.
Fox, Edward F. — 2d-class Yeoman, N. R. F.
Fox, Herman C. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Fox, Howard C— 3d-class Electrician, U. S. S. "Michi-
gan."
Fox, Isadore — Apprentice Seaman.
Fox, James J.— Lieut., Sr. Grade, S. S. "Elsinore."
Fox, Walter V.— N. R. F.
Frank, Arthur J. — Apprentice Seaman, N. R. F.
Frainer, Leo J. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Frainier, Frank G.— Chief Electrician, U. S. "Francis."
Fralick, Raymond G. — Yeoman.
Francis, F. X. — Pharmacist.
Frank, Louis B.— Coxswain, U. S. S. "Buffalo."
Frank, Norman A. S. — A. L.
Franklin, George S. — 2d-class Seaman.
Franklin, Karl C. — 3d-class Seaman.
Frankowski, Stephen — 2d-class Machinist's Mate.
Frary, Earl — 2d-class Machinist's Mate.
Eraser, Criswell— Landsman, for Quartermaster.
U. S. Navy
635
Fraser, Nelson W. — Fireman, U. S. S. "Susquehanna."
Fraser, J. S. C— Ist-class Petty Officer, U. S. Navy Av.
Freakley, Edwin B. — 3d-class Fireman, N. R. F.
Freedman, Leo C. — Landsman, for Electrician.
Freedman, Abraham — 2d-class Machinist's Mate, U. S.
Navy Aviation.
Freeman, Carl M. — 2d-class Seaman.
Freeman, Elmer G. — Apprentice Seaman.
Fredericks, George — Apprentice Seaman.
Frei, Frederick L. — 3d-class Fireman.
Frick, George M. — Apprentice Seaman.
Friedman, Julius — Seaman, U. S. Navy Aviation.
Freiheit, Otto R. — 2d-class Quartermaster, LT. S. Navy
Aviation.
Freihoefer, George E. — 2d-class Machinist's Mate.
Freudenberger, Carleton G. — Radio Operator, U. S. S.
■'Lake Medford."
Freudenberg, Philip C. — Seaman, U. S. S. "Leviathan."
Frisa, Joseph — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Fritz, Elmer G. — Apprentice Seaman.
Froment, Byron C. — Ist-class Hosp. App., U. S. N. R.
Fronapple, Marold J. — Landsman, for Carpenter's
Mate, N. R. F.
Fronckowiak, Andrew — 3d-class Fireman.
Fronczak, Joseph E. — 2d-class Hospital Apprentice.
Fronczak, Leo M. — 2d-class Carpenter's Mate and In-
structor.
Fry, Raymond C. — Seaman, N. R. F.
Fuchs, Joseph, Jr. — 2d-class Machinist's Mate.
Fuchs, Lewis V. — 2d-class Seaman, St. Helemar Sta-
tion.
Fuchs, Warren H. — 2d-class Machinist's Mate.
Fuhrman, John — 3d-class Fireman, N. R. F.
Full, John E. — Apprentice Seaman. N. R. F.
Fuller, Collins F.— Chief Machinist's Mate, N. R. F.
Funk, Carl C— Seaman, U. S. S. "Oklahoma."
Funk, Francis R. — Ist-class Fireman, U. S. S. "Breeze"
(Destroyer).
Funk, Walter— Navy Mail Clerk, U. S. S. "Wisconsin."
Gaenzler, George J. — Apprentice Seaman.
Gager, Warren B.— N. R. F.
Gailfo, Geo. W.— Chief Quartermaster, N. R. F.
Gale, Ashley H. — Landsman (e) Rad., N. R. F.
Gallagher, Geo. D.— Ensign, N. R. F.
Gallagher, John J. — Apprentice Seaman.
Gallineau, Percy F. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Galuszka, Joseph — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Galvin, Samuel N. — Ensign, "Graf Woldersee."
Gangham, Martin J. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Garczynski, Walter— Pvt., U. S. S. "Pueblo."
Gardner, Earl F.— 3d-class, N. R. F.
Gardner, Gibson — Ensign, U. S. Naval Aviation.
Gardner, Robert R. — Chief Quartermaster (a), N. R. F.
Gardner, Wm. H.— 3d-class Fireman, N. R. F.
Gareis, Herbert F.— C. S. K., N. R. F.
Garfinkel, Maurice — Cook, U. S. S. "Ansable."
Garner, Francis J. — Landsman, for Machinist's Mate
(a), N. R. F.
Garvey, Geo. D. — Seaman, Rec. Ship, Norfolk, Va.
Gassman, Frederick J. — Landsman, for Machinist's
Mate (a), N. R. F.
Gastle, Joseph G. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Gates, Nelson N.— Lieut., U. S. S. "Stubbing."
Gavin, Edw. L. — Carpenter's Mate, U. S. Naval Air
Station.
Gavin, Edward L. — Landsman, for Carpenter's Mate(a).
Gawron, Joseph E.— Ist-Petty Officer, U. S. S. "Al-
bany."
Gaylord, Bradley J. — 1st Lieut., Aviation, D. S. C.
Gearaty, Thomas L. — Seaman, Coast Guard.
Gebhard, Louis A. — Naval Radio Station, Belmar, N. J.
Geiger, Arthur C. — Engineman, U. S. S. "Aphrodite."
Geiger, Herbert D., 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Geisler, August H.— P. F.
Geispach, Albert J.— Ship Fitter, Ist-class, U. S. S.
"Kentucky."
Gensler, Edward J. — Ist-class Seaman, Great Lakes.
George, Thomas S. — Ist-class Yeoman.
Germain, Leo— Pay Clerk, N. R. F.
Gerspach, Albert J. — 3d-class Fireman, N. R. F.
Gerstman, Edwin J. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Gessner. William — 3d-class Fireman.
Getz, Geo. E.— 3d-class Fireman, N. R. F.
Geyer, Albert A. — Landsman, for Quartermaster (a).
Geyer, Clarence H. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Geyer, Jos. G. — 2d-class Carpenter's Mate, Naval
Aviation.
Giambrone, Peter S. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Gibbon, Geo. W.— U. S. S. G— L
Gibbon, John J.— U. S. S. "Adelante."
Gibbons, Pearl — 3d-class Machinist's Apprentice.
Gibbons, Richard L. — Boatswain, U. S. S. "Nonpareil."
Gibbons, T. R. — Ist-class Yeoman, New London, Conn.
Gibson, Austin D. M.— U. S. S. "Mundelta."
Gibson, Nelson C. — Ist-class Carpenter's Mate, U. S. S.
"Arizona."
Gibson, Walter L. — Quartermaster Armed Guard,
Honolulu.
Gibson, Wm. T. — Coal Passer.
Gies, Russell J. — Ist-class Carpenter's Mate, Naval
Aviation.
Gilbert, Squire — 3d-class Fireman.
Gilday, Chauncey R. — Ist-class Quartermaster, U. S. S.
"Clemson."
Gilday, Harry L. — Gun Pointer, U. S. S. " Mississippi."
Gilden, Nathan — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Giles, Albert B. — Apprentice Seaman.
Giles, Frank— Seaman, U. S. S. "C-2."
Giles, Frank — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Gillen, Owen G. — Seaman, Great Lakes.
Gillman, Whitfield E.— 2d-class Machinist's Mate, U. S.
"Agamemnon."
Gilmartin, Wm. L. — Apprentice Seaman.
Gilmour. Russell D. — 3d-class Fireman.
Gimbrone, Anthony — 2d-class Quartermaster, Naval
Base, Lewes, Del.
Gimbrone, John P. — Ist-class Machinist's Mate (a),
Naval Aviation.
Ginther, Fred W.— 2d-class Yeoman, N. R. F.
Giorino, Chas. A. — Ist-Lieut., U. S. S. "Hannibal."
Girard, .Joseph N. — Apprentice Seaman.
Girardin, Alvin J. — Shipwright.
636
Buffalo's Part in the World War
Girardin, Raymond C. — Apprentice Seaman.
Gittere, Anthony J. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Gizella, William R. — 2d-class Seaman, U. S. S. "Mon-
tana."
Glaser, James N. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Glass, Nester L. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Glassman, Howard H. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Glauber, John V. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Glinski, Bernard V.— U. S. S. "Delaware."
Glinski, Frank — Fireman, U. S. S. "Louisiana."
Glinski, Leo— Fireman, U. S. S. "Pueblo.
Glowka, Stanley J. — 3d-class Fireman, N. R. F.
Gluszek, Frederick F. — Apprentice Seaman.
Gmierzymy, Leo. — Seaman.
Godzich, Andrew J. — U. S. S. "New Mexico."
Goetz, Charles A. — Apprentice Seaman.
Goetz, Harry J. — Apprentice Seaman.
Goetzmann, William A. — 2d-class Yeoman.
Goff, Harold A. — Ist-class Machinist, Naval Air Station,
Norfolk.
Gogan, Harold — Ist-class Seaman.
Goggin, Thomas J. — Seaman U. S. S. "Louisville."
Goggin, William J. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Gohr, George G. — Landsman, for Machinist's Mate (a),
Golden, Sylvester J. — Landsman, for Machinist's Mate
(a), N. R. F.
Goldman, Michael C. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Goldstein, Abe M. — Ist-class Fireman, Great Lakes.
Goldstein, Sam, N. R. F.
Golombek, Barney — Apprentice Seaman.
Golombek, Bernard S. — 2d-class Engineer, Navy, " Mt.
Vernon." Ship torpedoed and sunk, September 9,1918.
Gombar, Joseph V. — Landsman, for Machinist's Mate
(a), N. R. F.
Goodsell, Leroy S. — 2d-class Hospital Apprentice, N.
R. F.
Goodwin, Frank J. — 3d-class Fireman.
Goodwin, Thomas J. — Landsman, for Electrician, N.
R. F.
Goodyear, Frank H. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Gordon, William S. — 2d-class Landsman, for Machinist's
Mate, N. R. F.
Gorny, Vinceslano A. — 3d-class Fireman, N. R. F.
Gorski, Alexander — Apprentice Seaman.
Gorski, Frank J. — Ist-class Fireman.
Gorski, Stanley E. — Seaman, U. S. S. Guide.
Gosdek, Rudolph — Seaman.
Goslin, Ezra F. — Pvt., Naval Aviation.
Goslin, Harry — Ist-Assistant Engineer, U. S. Merchant
Marine.
Gotthelf, Aaron — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Gould, Chas. D. — Apprentice Seaman.
Gould, Frederick A.— 2d-class Machinist's Mate, N.R.F.
Grabau, Alfred M.— 2d-class Engineer, U. S. S. "Chi-
cago."
Grabau, Bernhardt L — 2d-class Engineers, U. S. S.
"Chicago."
Grabinski, Emil — Apprentice Seaman.
Grabowski, John J. — Pvt., U. S. S. "Arkansas."
Graf, Albert J. — Seaman, U. S. S. "Charles." Injured,
October, 1918.
Graf, Arthur C— Seaman, U. S. S. "Francis."
Graf, Henry F. — Ist-class Machinist's Mate, U. S. S.
"Ohio."
Graf, Walter J. — Ist-class Yeoman, U. S. S. "New
Jersey."
Graf, William M.~lst-class Baker, U. S. S. "Manchu-
ria."
Graham, Robert W. — Lieut. Junior Grade, N. R. F.
Granata, Geo. L. — 2d-class Hospital Apprentice, N.R.F.
Granger, Joseph — Apprentice Seaman, N. R. F.
Gramlich, Chas. F. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Grannis, Herman R. — 3d-Quartermaster, U. S. N. R. F.
Grant, Arthur J. — Seaman, U. S. S. "Prairie."
Grant, William — U. S. S. "Rompart Hospital Ship."
Grant, William A. — Radio Operator, U. S. S. "Sama-
rinda."
Grant, William M. — Apprentice Seaman.
Grasela, Frank E.— U. S. S. "Lake Kearney."
Grass, George H. — Ist-class Machinist's Mate, Naval
Aviation St., Hampton Roads. Va.
Gratz, John H. — Naval Aviation.
Graveson, William J. — Ist-class Yeoman, U. S. S. "Von
Steuben."
Gravelle, Wm. H. — 2d-class Machinist's Mate, N. R. F.
Graves, George M. — Sec. Chief, Great Lakes.
Green, Alfred E. — Apprentice Seaman.
Green, Dante A. — Coxswain, U. S. S. "American."
Green, Edward J. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Green, Ellsworth F. — U. S. Transport "Madawoska."
Green, J. C. — Quartermaster, Pelham Ba.v T. S.
Green, Martin — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Green, Miles P. — 3d-class Electrician, U. S. S. "Porter."
Green, Samuel — Ist-class Seaman, U. S. S. "Wassaic."
Green, Samuel — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Green, William R. — Ist-class Electrician, N. R. F.
Greene, Clarence R. — 3d-class Fireman.
Greene, Clifton J. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Greene, Edward J. — Ist-class Fireman, U. S. S. "Iowa."
Greene, James E. — Ist-class Fireman. U. S. S. "Huron."
Greenough, Edward C. — U. S. Shipping Board.
Greenwald, James L. — 2d-class Quartermaster, U. S. S.
"Rappahannock."
Gregorczyk, Stanley — Ist-class Machinist, U. S. S.
"Lake View."
Gregson, John E. — Landsman, for Electrician, N. R. F.
Gremke, Wm. F.— Coxswain, U. S. S. "Di.xie."
Gressman, Joseph — Apprentice Seaman, N. R. F.
Gretzinger, Edgar J. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Grieser, Howard C. — Assistant Master at Arms, U. S.
S. "Culgoa."
Grieves, John O. — Bandsman, U. S. S. "Minneapolis."
Griffin, Carl L.— 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Griffin, Charles J. — Landsman, for Cook.
Gritfin, Frank A. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Griffin, Geo. J. — 2d-class Eng., U. S. S. "Pennsylvania."
Griffin, John J. — 2d-class Machinist's Mate, Naval Avia-
tion, Pensacola, Fla.
Griffin, Michael P.— 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Griffin, W. B.— Seaman, N. R. F.
Griffith, Willard J. — Apprentice Seaman.
Griscom, Arthur P. — Machinist, U. S. S. "Porter."
U. S. Navy
637
Groff, George B. — Ist-class Yeoman, N. R. F.
Groh, George F. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Gross, Albert A. — Landsman, Carpenter's Mate.
Gross, Edward B. — Corp., Seaman Guard, Maine Sta.
Gross, Frank A. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Gross, John — Seaman, U. S. S. "Aeolian."
Gross, William A. — 3d-class Fireman, N. R. F.
Gross, William E. — 2d-class Y^eoman, N. R. F.
Grotz, Geo. F. — Coppersmith.
Grotzka, William F. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Group, Clarence J. — Chief Storekeeper, Naval Aviation
School.
Group, Frank J. — Ist-class Seaman, U. S. S. "Levia-
than."
Gruber, Robert — Apprentice Seaman.
Grunow, Paul W. — Landsman, for Machinist's Mate (a).
Grupp, George J. — Ist-class Machinist's Mate, Naval
Aviation.
Grupp, Paul A. — Radio Operator, U. S. S. "Canonicus."
Gruss, William E. — Ist-cIass Yeoman, Curtiss Aero-
plane Co.
Grzella, Wm. R.— 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Gsell, Henry R. — Regiment Headquarters, Pelham Bay.
Guenther, Ernest W. — Carp'r's Mate (a), Pelham Bay.
Guernsey, Chas, W. — Landsman, for Electrician,
N. R. F.
Guerr, Harry W. — 2d-class Seaman, Northern Bombing
Station.
Guillod, Wm. J.— 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Guppenberger, Albert J. — 2d-class Fireman, N. R. F.
Gurtner, John H.— Gunner's Mate, U. S. S. "Dela-
ware."
Guyett, Clarence R. — Coal Passer Only, Naval Avia'n.
Guyette, Norman — Landsman, for Carpenter's Mate.
Guzowski, Anthony — U. S. S. "New Mexico."
Guzowski, Leo S. — 3d-class Gunner's Mate, N. R. F.
Haag, Edw. L. — Boatswain's Mate, S. P. 618, Submar.
Haarmeyer, Jos. B. — Aviation Mechanic, Co. U, 15th
Great Lakes, 111.
Haarmeyer, Leo W. — 2d-class Yeoman, U. S. S. "Dela-
ware."
Haas, Desmond L. — 3d-class Pharmacist's Mate, U. S.
Naval Hospital, Great Lakes Training Station.
Haas, James L. — 2d-class Engineman, N. R. F.
Haase, Julius — 3d-class, Co. F, "Leviathan."
Habicht, George, Jr. — 2d-class Machinist's Mate, T. R.
Hacker, Joseph — U. S. Naval Air Station, Best, France.
Haderer, John — Chief, Navy, Hampton Roads, Va.
Hederski, Stephen — Apprentice Seaman, N. R. F.
Haefner, Paul F. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Haentinger, Matthias V. — Apprentice Seaman.
Haertel, Edwin J. — Ist-class Seaman, U. S. S. "Eme-
line."
Hafifa, Charles J.^2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Hagan, Albert E. — Apprentice Seaman, N. R. F.
Hagberg, Harold L. — Landsman, for Quartermaster (a).
Hagendorn, Albert J. — Ist-class Plumber Petty Officer,
U. S. Coast Guards.
Hager, Edward J. — Landsman, for Machinist's Mate
(a), N. R. F.
Hagstrom, Carl H. — Apprentice Seaman, N. R. F.
Hahn, Norman V. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Hahn, Ralph H.— Machinist's Mate, 6th Co., 15th
Regiment, Great Lakes, 111.
Haintges, Matthias V.— U. S. "Mundelta."
Haitzberg, William H. — Landsman, for Electrician,
N. R. F.
Hale, Andrew — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Hall, Earlwin H. — 2d-class Hospital Apprentice, N.R.F.
Hall, George E. — 1st Lieut., U. S. S. "Oregonian."
Hall, Louis F. — Landsman, for Yeoman.
Haller, Christopher A. — Landsman, for Machinist's
Mate (a), N. R. F.
Halzer, Andrew A. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Hamill, .John R. — Ist-class Machinist's Mate, Naval
Aviation.
Hamilton, Charles H. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Hammer, Al. M. — Seaman, U. S. S. "Manning."
Hammersly, William H. — Machinist's Mate, U. S. S.
"Mongolia."
Hammond, Donald A. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Hammond, Walter McK. — 2d-class Machinist's Mate
(a), N. R. F.
Hammond, Willard H. — 3d-class Fireman.
Hanavan, Charles E. — Seaman, U. S. S. "New Hamp-
shire."
Haney, James E. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Hanmore, Guilford — Apprentice Seaman.
Hankin, .Jerome L. — Ist-class Hospital Apprentice,
N. R. F.
Hann, Herbert C. — 2d-class Quartermaster, Naval Air
Service.
Hanrahan, Raymond E. — Apprentice Seaman.
Hanson, Agnes R. — Landsman, for Yeoman.
Harbrecht, William L. — Chief Machinist's Mate, U. S.
N. R. F., Office of Naval Inspector of Ordnance Mid-
vale Steel Co., Philadelphia, Pa.
Harig, Richard F. — Landsman, for Electrician.
Harkins, James H. — Seaman Gunner.
Harlach, Edward W. — Landsman, for Machinist's Mate
(a), N. R. F.
Harmon, James E. — 2d-class Fireman, Division 10,
U. S. S. "Montana."
Harmon, Lawrence E., Jr. — Chief Quartermaster (a),
N. R. F.
Harney, Charlotte M.— Yeoman, U. S. S. "Triton,"
Bureau Ordnance, Navy Dept., Washington, D. C.
Harnick, William — 3d-class Fireman.
Harnick, William — U. S. Naval High Power Radio
Attachment, Croix D. Hins, France.
Harold, Raymond C. — Navy, Naval Hospital.
Harold, William E.— U. S. S. "Warrington."
Harringer, Frederick F. — 3d-class Fireman, U. S. S.
"Indiana."
Harrington, John H. — Ist-class Pay Clerk, Brooklyn
Navy Yard.
Harrington, Roland K. — Landsman, for Electrician.
Harris, T. W.— Lieut. Commander, N. R. F.
Harris, Vern — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Harrison, Adolphus D.— Chief Petty Officer, U. S.
Transport "Rijndam."
Harrison, James H. — Apprentice Seaman.
638
Buffalo's Part in the World War
Hartman, Floyd — "Montana."
Hartnett, Jack — 2d-class Pharmacist's Mate, U. S. S.
"Onondaga."
Hartzberg, William H. — Naval Intelligence.
Harvey, Harold G. — Landsman, for Carpenter's Mate(a).
Haska, .Joseph M. — Apprentice Seaman.
Haskell, Thomas — Coal Passer.
Hasler, Royal P. — Landsman, for Machinist's Mate (a),
N. R. F.
Hasselbeck, Roy F. — Landsman, for Machinist's Mate
(a), N. R. F.
Hastings, John J. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Hattenberger, Aloysius J. — Chief Yeoman, Supply
Base 6.
Hattenberger, Chas. — Chief Machinist's Mate, N. R. F.
Hattenberger, Jos. A. — Storekeeper, N. R. F.
Hauf, Edwin G. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Hauf, Lawrence — Landsman, for Machinist, N. R. F.
Haungs, Max R. — Landsman, for Electrician.
Haupt, Jos. A.— Co. R, 15th.
Hansen, Edwin F.— Machinist, U. S. S. 342.
Hansen, Edward H. — Landsman, for Electrician.
Hauth, Edward — Landsman, for Ship's Cook,.
Hauth, Martin, Jr. — Apprentice Seaman.
Havens, Willis R. — Apprentice Seaman.
Hawkins, Burton W. — 3d-class Electrician, N. R. F.
Hawkins, Earl G. — Quartermaster, "Little."
Hayes, Albert H. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Hayes, James P. 5 — Petty Officer, U. S. S. "Agamem-
non" (transport).
Hayes, Wesley R. — Coal Passer.
Haynes, Warren M., Jr. — Landsman, for Machinist's
Mate la), N. R. F.
Haynes, William T. — Ist-class Yeoman, N. R. F.
Hazen, Howard O. — Landsman,for Machinist's Mate (a).
Healy, John D. — Landsman, C. M. (a.)
Healy, Thomas B. — Ist-class Yeoman, N. R. F.
Heaney, Joseph A. — Pharmacist's Mate, U. S. Naval
Hospital, Philadelphia, Pa.
Hearmeyer, Leo W. — Landsman, for Yeoman.
Hearn, William J. — Fireman, LI. S. S. "Chattanooga."
Heatley, Frank C— 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Heavey, Bernard J. — Ist-class Machinist's Mate,
Brooklyn Navy Yard.
Heavey, Joseph A. — Apprentice Seaman.
Heavey, Thomas P. — Landsman, for Electrician,
N. R. F.
Heck, August K. — Machinist, U. S. S. "Isabel."
Heckler, Elmer F. — U. S. S. "Missouri," 2d Division.
Heckman, Harold D. — U. S. Naval Volunteer.
Hedley, Charles R. — Landsman, for Electrician.
Hedley, Edgar H. — 2d-class Hospital Apprentice,
N. R. F.
Hefner, Hy V.— Seaman Guard, N. R. F.
Heibeck, Leroy E. — 2d-class Machinist's Mate.
Helfend, Irving — Apprentice Seaman.
Heigel, Joseph — Seaman.
Heilbron, Wallace W. — Seaman, U. S. Naval Operating
Base, Communication Officer, Hampton Roads, Va.
Heinrich, Preston D. — Seaman, U. S. S. "Nevada."
Heinz, Edward A. — Landsman (a).
Heinze, Wesley G. — Ist-class Pharmacist's Mate,
N. R. F.
Heiser, George W.— Chief Yeoman, U. S. S. "Roepal,"
U. S. R. R. 7.
Heithecker, Frank J. — 2d-class Seaman, Rifle Range.
Held, John J.— 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Hellmig, Frank J. — Engineers' Force, U. S. S. "Aga-
memnon."
Helminiak, Joseph S. — U. S. S. "Wyoming."
Helmuth, Norman — Seaman, U. S. S. "Agamemnon."
Hemberger, Carl S. — Landsman, for Electrician (Rad),
N. R. F.
Hemmens, Marcus T. — Machinist's Mate, 7th Co., Avi-
ation, Navy Regiment 15.
Henderson, David — Petty Officer, Balch.
Henderson, Millard F. — Quartermaster, U. S. Naval
Aviation, North Sydney, Nova Scotia, Canada.
Henderson, William T., Jr.— Yeoman, U. S. S. "Utah."
Hendler, Herbert M. — Fireman, U. S. S. "Illinois."
Hendrick, Robert E.— 2d-class Seaman, U. S. N. A. S.
Henfling, Emil J. — Landsman, for Machinist's Mate (a)
N. R. F.
Hennan, John F. — Coal Passer.
Hennessey, James J. — Apprentice Seaman.
Hennessy, Thomas J. — Ensign, Engineering Duties
Only, N. R. F.
Hennigan, Patrick T. — 3d-class Fireman.
Hennigan, William F. — 2d-class Fireman.
Henry, Frank — Landsman, for Electrician.
Hens, Joseph— U. S. S. "Christobel."
Hentges, John M. — Apprentice Seaman.
Henzler, Albert O.
Hepp, Carl — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Hepp, Emanuel A. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Heppel, John — Seaman.
Herb, William E.— U. S. S. "Pueblo," 11th Regiment,
Naval Training Station.
Herbert, Ambrose L. — Chief Yeoman, N. R. F.
Herbert, Henry E. — 2d-class Hospital Apprentice.
Herbert, Richard R.— Chief Yeoman, U. S. S. "Chi-
cago."
Herman, Albert R.— N. R. F.
Herman, John F.— U. S. S. "Liberty."
Herman, Samuel H. — Unit K, U. S. Naval Base, Hamp-
ton Roads, Va.
Hermann, William J. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Herniman, Earl T. — 2d-class Machinist's Mate (a), Co.
G, 5th Na\T.
Herold, William R.— Pointer, U. S. S. "Seneca."
Herring, Herbert W. — Fireman, U. S. S. "Maine."
Herrman, Carl H.— U. S. S. "Pueblo."
Herrman, Edward — 3d-c!ass Fireman,.
Hertel, George — 2d-class Seaman, Naval Air Repair B.
Herter, Christian — Fireman, U. S. S. "Peerless."
Hesselman, L. W.— Lieut. Com., U. S. S. "Chicago."
Hettler, Jos. E.— U. S. S. "Balch."
Heusseler, Robert A. — Machinist's Mate No. 1, 10th
LT. S. Naval Aviation.
Hewitt, Elmer L. — Ensign, U. S. S. "Westmout."
Hey, Arthur M. — Ist-cIass Hospital Apprentice, N.R.F.
Hickey, John D. — Landsman, for Electrician.
U. S. Navy
639
Hickey, John Dumas — 2cl-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Higgins, Edward J. — Landsman, for Machinist's Mate
(a), N. R. F.
Higgins, Harry H. — 2d-class Fireman, N. R. F.
Higgins, Matthew M. — 2d-dass Seaman, N. R. F.
Highway, George C. — Apprentice Seaman.
Hider, Henry C. — Landsman, for Yeoman.
Highway, William E. — Apprentice Seaman.
Hilbert, Frank G.~Gunner's Mate, U. S. S. "Susque-
hanna."
Hilbert, William G. — Apprentice Seaman, N. R. F.
Hilburger, Martin A. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Hildebrand, Charles F. — Seaman, U. S. S. "Wyoming."
Hill, Norman H. — 2d-class Machinist's Mate, Co. D,
Naval Aviation, 15th.
Hill, Raymond C. — Sr. Lieut., Polar Seas Navy.
Hill, Turner E.— 2d-class Electrician (r), U. S. Naval
Naval Radio Station.
Hille, Charles J. — Seaman, 1st Co., U. S. Coast Guards.
Hillery, James J. — 2d-class Yeoman, U. S. S. "San
Francisco."
Hillery, John D.— Ensign, Co. C, U. S. Navy, 22d Reg.
Hinman, Ray C. — 2d-class Hospital Apprentice, N.R.F.
Hintermeier, Leonard — Landsman, for Quarterm't'r(a).
Hintermeier, Louis S. — Ist-class Seaman, Great Lakes
Training Station, G. M. School.
Hintermeier, Raymond J. — Apprentice Seaman, N.R.F.
Hintermeier, Richard, 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Hipwell, Lloyd R. — Landsman, for Machinist's Mate
(a), N. R. F.
Hirsch, Clarence J. — Landsman, for Electrician
Hitzel, Roswell C. — Ist-class Hospital App. N. R. F.
Hoag, Leonard J. — F. L. C.
Hoak, Spencer S. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Hoar, John J.— 2d-class Electrician (R), U. S. S. "Co-
manche."
Hobbs, Elias — Ist-class Machinist's Mate.
Hobbs, Herbert C— Lieut., U. S. S. "Hawk."
Hoch, George F. — 3d-class Fireman, N. R. F.
Hoch, Joseph A. — Gunner, U. S. S. "Kennison."
Hochgesang, Albert C. — 2d-class Gunman, U. S. Naval
Rifle Range, Mt. Pleasant, S. C.
Hock, Frank A. — 2d-class Fireman.
Hock, Frank A. — U. S. S. "Leonidas."
Hock, Leo — Apprentice Seaman.
Hoelscher, Louis H. — Landsman, for Machinist's Mate
(a), N. R. F.
Hoelzle, Oscar P. — Baker, U. S. S. "Louisiana."
Hoen, Richard A. — 2d-elass Seaman, 5th Navy District.
Hofman, John H. — Apprentice Seaman.
Hofman, Lester— Petty Officer, U. S. S. "Ohio."
Hoffman, Charles F. — 2d-class Seaman, U. S. Naval
Rifle Range, Virginia Beach, Va.
Hoffman, Oscar A., Jr. — 2d-class Machinist's Mate,
U. S. S. "Lake Capen."
Hoft'man, William V. — Apprentice Seaman.
Hoffman, William J.— Gunner, U. S. S. "Delphy."
Hoffmeyer, Clarence W. — Seaman, U. S. S. "Kear-
sarge."
Hoffmeyer, Harold F. — Carpenter Instructor, U. S.
Naval Aviation.
Hoffner, Arthur W. — Ist-class Yeoman.
Hoffstetter, Edward A. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Hogan, Thomas J. — 3d-class Fireman.
Hohensee, Edwin C. — Quartermaster, U. S. Navy Avia-
tion Corps.
Hohl, Christ J., Jr. — 2d-class Machinist's Mate.
Hohn, Norman V. — Sailor, U. S. S. "Wyoming."
Holbrook, Richard R. — 3d-class Electrician, Naval
Radio Station.
HoUister, William H. — 2d-class Machinist's Mate (a),
V. S. Naval Aviation (Reg.), Isle Fudy, France.
Holmberg, Howard H. — Ensign, F. J. Luckenbach.
Holmwood, Harry — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Holt, George W. — Ist-class Radio Electrician, Sub-
marine Base.
Holton, Raymond H. — 2d-class Hospital Apprentice.
Holway, Paul A. Gunpointer, U. S. S. "Seneca."
Holtz, Fred F.— Seaman, U. S. S. "Scranton."
Holzer, Andrew — Mail Orderly or Aimy Guard, U. S. S.
"Fairmount."
Holzman, Earl G. — 2d-class Yeoman, N. R. F.
Homan, Henry G. — Apprentice Seaman.
Homer, Arthur — Landsman, for Quartermaster (a).
Hommeolein, Harry L. — Com. Off., U. S. S. "Ranger."
Honan, John — 2d-class Fireman, N. R. F.
Honan, Martin J. — Ist-class Fireman.
Hoock, Charles G. — Seaman, U. S. S. "Pennsylvania."
Hoock, Henry — Ensign, U. S. S. "Ericcsion," Destroyer
Queenstown, Ireland.
Hood, Charles C. — Ensign, Naval Aviation.
Hooper, William C. — Fireman, U. S. S. "President
Grant."
Hoover, George T. — Chief Machinist, Sec. of the Ma-
rine Iron W'orks, New London, Conn.
Hoppa, Stanley E. — Apprentice Seaman.
Hoppe, William A. — U. S. M. Aux. School, 3d-class
Quartermaster, Barracks 5-F.
Horgan, Paul J. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Horn, Benjamin A. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Horn, Martin V. — 2d-class Machinist, U. S. S. "Mel-
ville."
Hornberger, Arnold H. — Ist-cIass Boatswain Mate, U.
S. Transport "Erny."
Hornung, Howard W. — Machinist's Mate, Preston.
Horoszynski, Thomas— Water Tender, Co. G, U. S. S.
"Commanche."
Horton, Herbert G. — Ensign, Coast Torpedo Boat No.
8. Injured September, 1918.
Hosang, Frank J. — Apprentice Seaman.
Hosmer, Albert L. — Landsman, for Electrician, N.R.F.
Hoth, Leo. J. — Apprentice Seaman.
Houth, Martin — Acting Pay Clerk.
Howell, Stephen W. — Chief Yeoman, Navy Yard, New
York City.
Howells, Ray G. — 2d-class Hospital Apprentice, N.R.F.
Hubbard, Norton G.
Hubbell, Nelson E. — Ensign, Miami Air Station, Naval
Aviation.
Huber, Benj, J.— U. S. S. "Huntington."
Huber, John — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Huber, John L.— Pvt., 6th Division, U. S. S. "Nevada."
640
Buffalo's Part in the World War
Hubert, Byron J. — Yeoman, Naval Aviation Forces,
Paymaster's Division.
Hubman, James W. — 3d-class Machinist's Apprentice,
Co. N, 15th Navy.
Huebsch, William M. —Landsman, for Yeoman.
Huebsehwerlen, Arthur S. — Ist-class Hospital Appren-
tice, N. R. F.
Huerdler, Erich G.— Chief Machinist's Mate, 6th U. S.
N. A. R. F.
Hugh, John J.— N. R. F.
Hughes, Fred A.— Sailor, Pelham, N. T. S.
Hughes, Harry L. — Radio Electrician, Lake Marine,
Merchant Marine.
Hull, Minert E. — Machinist's Mate, U. S. Naval Dirig-
ible Service.
Human, Jacob J. — 2d-class Quartermaster, U. S. Naval
Air Station, Paimbeour, France.
Hummel, George E. — 2d-class Fireman.
Hummer, Samuel J. — Landsman, for Carpenter's Mate (a)
Hunt, John— U. S. S. "Oklahoma."
Hunt, Thomas J.— U. S. S. "Henley."
Hunt, Timothy J.— U. S. S. "Maine."
Hunter, Clayton W.— Chief Machinist's Mate, U. S. S.
"Sapphire."
Hunter, George H. — Apprentice Seaman, Navy.
Hunter, Jerauld— Fireman, 40th Div., U. S. S. "Maine.'
Hunter, Raymond V. — Landsman,forQuartermaster (a).
Hurley, Francis J. — Seaman, U. S. Sub-chaser No. 244.
Hurley, Joseph W. — Landsman, for Electrician, N.R.F.
Hurley, Richard J. — Landsman, for Yeoman, Co. 2,
Navy, 6th Regiment.
Hurley, William P. — Landsman, for Machinist's Mate
(al, N. R. F.
Hurley, William V. — Landsman, for Machinist's Mate
(a), N. R. F.
Hurst, Alfred— C. C. M. A., 15th Regiment Navy.
Huss, Charles A. — Landsman, for Carpenter's Mate (a),
N. R. F.
Husted, Norman H.— N. R. F.
Hutter, Albert A.— Machinist's Mate, U. S. S. "Hart-
ford."
Hutter, Clifford A. — Landsman, for Machinist's Mate
(a), N. R. F.
Huttler, Gerhard — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Huxley, Frank E. — Machinist, U. S. S. "Nokomis."
Hyman, Myron L. — Ensign.
Idziak, Stanley P.- Oiler.
Ignatowski, Mathew — Seaman, S. S. "Von Steuben."
Imhof, Harry P.— 2d-class Seaman, U. S. S. "Mt. Ver-
non."
Imhof, Richard— 2d-class Seaman, U. S. S. "Mt. Ver-
non." Ship torpedoed and sunk September 5, 1918.
Impey, Ambrose Elmo — Ist-class Yeoman, N. R. F.
Inda, Alex — Ist-class Seaman, Torpedo School.
Inda, Anderw P. — Apprentice Seaman, U. S. S. " Pa-
ducah."
Inda, Jerome P. — Ist-class Hospital Apprentice.
Inderbitzen, Rudolph — Seaman Guard, U. S. Radio Sta.
Inghaus, James — Naval Aviation.
Inpey, Arthur G. — Ist-class Yeoman, U. S. Recruiting
Station.
Isch, Albert I. — Apprentice Seaman.
Isch, Sidney — 2d-class Electrician, U. S. S. " Missouri."
Isphen, Carl L. — Lieut., Junior Grade, N. R. F.
Ives, William F. — Co.xswain, N. R. F.
Jackson, Howard T. — Ensign, N. R. F.
Jackson, Joseph R. — Ist-class Watertender, U. S. S.
"Indiana."
Jackson, Paul H. — Seaman, N. R. F.
Jackson, Paul M. — Co. Commander, 2d Naval District.
Jackson, W. A. — Pharmacist.
Jacobs, Charles — 3d-class Fireman.
Jacobs, Edwin G.— 2d-Machinist's Mate, U. S. S. "Il-
linois."
Jacobs, Eugene E. — Ist-class Yeoman, U. S. S. "No.
Dakota."
Jacobs, Henry — Apprentice Seaman.
Jacobson, Abraham E. — Yeoman, Great Lakes, U. S.
N.R.F .
Jaeckle, Edwin F. — 2d-class Yeoman, N. R. F.
Jagodzinski, Walter J. — Machinist's Mate, N. R. F.
Jaknbowski, Bernard A. — Apprentice Seaman.
Jakubowski, Bernard A. — 2d-class Electrician.
Jakubowski, Henry— U. S. S. "Bushnell."
Jakubowski, Walter J. — Chief Quartermaster, U. S. S.
"Florida."
James, William L. — 3d-class M. A.
Jank, Edward J. — 2d-class Machinist's Mate, U. S. S.
"Caldwell."
Jank, Jacob J.— Pvt., Co. D, U. S. Coast Guard.
Jankowski — Apprentice Seaman, U. S. S. "Spaulding."
Jankowski, Robert B. — Coal Passer.
Janowitz, Sidney H. — Landsman, for Machinist's Mate,
N. R. F.
Janowski, Joseph F. — Apprentice Seaman.
Jardin, Harold J.— Seaman, S. A. T. C.
Jarembck, Frank W. — Landsman, for Mus.
Jaroszynski, John J. — Apprentice Seaman.
Jasinski, Arthur L. — 2d-class Seaman, Reviewing Ship.
Jasnan, Alfred F. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Jaworski, Leonard A. — Pvt., U. S. Navy Aviation,
Jeavons, Howard M. — Chief Watertender.
.Jenczka, Casimier E. — Sailor, Great Lakes, N. R. F.
Jendeasiak, Frank — Seaman, Naval Air Service.
Jenke, Fred A. — Apprentice Seaman, Naval Aviation.
Injured October, 1918.
Jenkins, Edwin T. — Sr. Lieut., U. S. S. "Lake Dymer."
Jensen, Jens — Seaman, U. S. S. "Louisville."
Jerome, Leonard W. — Bos'n Mate, U. S. S. "Saranac."
Jersey, Edward S. — Seaman, U. S. S. "Wyoming."
Jersey, Francis J. — Cook, U. S. S. "Florida."
Jesonowski, Michael A. — 3d-class Fireman, N. R. F.
Jetter, Edward T. — Landsman, for Machinist's Mate,
N. R. F.
Jewdiasiak, Frank — Apprentice Seaman.
Jewell, Herbert — Aviation Machanic, Great Lakes.
Jewell, Ward B. — Ist-class Mechanic, U. S. S. "Vir-
ginia."
Jewett, Richmond — Chief Master at Arms.
Joffe, Herman — Hospital Apprentice.
Johnson, Allen F. — Landsman, for Quartermaster.
Johnson, Bert N.— N. R. F.
U. S. Navy
641
Johnson, Carl A. — 3d-class Fireman.
Johnson, E. Raymond — U. S. Navy Rifle Range.
Johnson, Ray E. — 2d-dass Yeoman, U. S. S. "Housa-
tonic."
Johnson, Wallace E. — .3d-class Radio Instructor, Great
Lakes Station.
Johnson, W. 0. — Lieut., Junior Grade, N. R. F.
Johnson, Harold K. — Chief Quartermaster, N. R. F.
Johnston, John L — Apprentice Seaman.
Johnston, Ralph D. — Apprentice Seaman.
Johnstone,Willard F. — Radio Operator, U.S. S."Andra."
Jones, Arthur G. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Jones, Arthur W. — Radio Electrician, U. S. Destroyer
"Stevens."
Jones, Frederick P. — 2d-class Electrician, N. R. F.
Jones, James H. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Jones, Lome E. — Landsman, tor Electrician, N. R. F.
Jones, Mark S. — 2d-class Fireman.
Jones, RoUin T. — Naval Aviation.
Jones, Simon R. — Landsman, for Yeoman.
Jones, William LT. B. — 2d-class Fitter, U. S. Submarine
Base.
Jordan, Alphonsus L. — Seaman, N. R. F.
Jordan, Edward H. — Apprentice Seaman, U. S. S.
Connecticut."
Jordan, Howard S. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Joslyn, Harry S. — Apprentice Seaman.
Josselyn, Alonson C. — Ist-class Bos'n Mate, U. S. S.
"San Francisco."
Joynt, John J. — Apprentice Seaman.
Judge, Andrew J. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Judge, Walter J. — Ist-class Fireman.
Judecki, Edmund — 2d-class Hospital Apprentice.
Juengel, Rueben W. — Coal Passer Only.
Julius, Herbert — Landsman, for Machinist's Mate,
N. R. F.
Jung, John J. — 3d-class Fireman.
Joyce, Thomas F. — 2d-elass Seaman, N. R. F.
Kacko, Michael F. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Kaczmarek, Browner H. — U. S. S. "Comfort."
Kadduabeck, Edward F. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Kaeppel, Alvin H. — Ist-class Hospital Apprentice,
N. R. F.
Kafher, Leo. F. — 2d-class Machinist's Mate.
Kaleta, John— U. S. S. " Dubuque."
Kalita, John — 3d-class Fireman.
Kaman, Charles G. — Ist-class Fireman, N. R. F.
Kamerson, Alfred A. — Ist-class Gun Pointer, U. S. S.
"Wyoming."
Kamholz, Ferdinand W. — 2d-class Carpenter's Mate,
Naval Aviation.
Kamholz, Herman — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Kamieusky, Victor F. — Ist-class Quartermaster, Air Ser.
Kandel, Robert M. — Landsman, for Electrician, N.R.F.
Kanehl, Benjamin F. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Kapelowtiz, Charles — Apprentice Seaman.
Kappen, William F. — Apprentice Seaman.
Karcher, Jacob — 2d-class Ship's Cook, N. R. F.
Karcher, Jacob — 2d-class Cook, U. S. S. "Israel."
Karl, George — 3d-class Fireman.
Kasmierczak, Alexander — Apprentice Seaman.
Kasprzak, .John — Navy Yard No. 1.
Kast, Carl C. — Apprentice Seaman.
Katel, Walter R.~2d-class Seaman. N. R. F.
Kaufman, John — Engineer Force, U. S. S. "Illinois."
Kaufman, John — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Kauffman, Charles — Seaman, N. R. F.
Kaul, Edward F. — Seaman, U. S. S. "Agamemnon."
Injured on board ship September, 1918.
Kaul, Edward F. — Apprentice Seaman.
Klaw, Lawrence, Jr. — Landsman, for Cook.
Kawn, Stanley J. — Apprentice Seaman, N. R. F.
Kazmierszak, Alexander — Seaman, U. S. S. "New
York."
Keady, William L. — Lieut. Com., U. S. S. "Ammen."
Kean, Frank T.— 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Kean, Mary M. — Landsman, for Yeoman, N. R. F.
Kean, William J. — Ist-class Yeoman, N. R. F.
Keenan, Walter J. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Keipper, Eugene W. — 2d-class Radio Operator, U. S. S.
"Chatham."
Keitsch, Walter H. — Landsman, for Electrician.
Kelker, Charles, Jr. — Apprentice Seaman, N. R. F.
Kelleher, Vincent E. — Landsman, for Electrician,
N. R. F.
Kellei, Andrew — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Keller, Andrew P. — Seaman. "Mt. Vernon." Torpedoed
and sunk September 15, 1918.
Keller, Hubert C— 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Kellerman, Edward J. — Seaman, Navy. " Mt. Ver-
non." Ship torpedoed and sunk September 15, 1918.
Kelley, Andrew J.~Ensign, R. F., U. S. S. C. 337.
Kelley, Charles — 3d-class Fireman.
Kellner, Helen M. — Ist-class Yeoman, N. R. F.
Kelly, Edward M. — Radio Electrician, U. S. S. "Lake
.Jessup."
Kelly, Edward — 2d-class Machinist's Mate.
Kelly, Edward M. — Landsman, for Electrician, N.R.F.
Kelly, Harry J.— Ensign, U. S. N. R. F.
Kelly, James R. — Landsman, for Carpenter (a).
Kelly, Joseph F. — 2d-class Electrician, N. R. F.
Kelly, John W.— Sailor, U. S. S. " Cleveland."
Kelly, Joseph M. — InteOigence Dept.
Kelly, Norman W.— Ensign, N. R. F.
Kelly, Richard A. — Landsman, for Mahhinist's Mate
(a), N. R. F.
Kemmerer, Leon B. — 3d-class Fireman.
Kempkes, Arthur F. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Kendel, Robert M. — 2d-class Seaman, Armed Guards,
U. S. S. "Great Northern."
Kennedy, Francis C. — Apprentice Seaman, N. R. F.
Kennedy, George N. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Kennedy, Irving H. — Ist-class Yeoman, U. S. S. "Tus-
carora."
Kennedy, Irving H, — 2d-class Yeoman, N. R. F.
Kenned.v, James L. — 2d-class Yeoman, N. R. F.
Kennedy, William T. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Kennedy, William T.— 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Kenney, Charles W. — Apprentice Seaman.
Kenngott, Robert E.— Petty Officer, U. S. Navy Avia.
Kenny, Edward C. — 2d-class Boatswain's Mate, U. S. S.
"Aroostook."
642
Buffalo's Part in the World War
Kent, Floyd D. — Ist-class Machinist's Mate, Co. D,
15th Regiment.
Kent, Harold G. — Seaman, 3d Co., 4th Regiment.
Kent, Winthrop — Ensign.
Keough, Joseph P. — U. S. S. "Manning."
Kepler, Victor F. — 3d-class Fireman.
Kern, Vincent A. — Landsman, for Electrician, N. R. F.
Kershberger, John E. — Electrician, Naval Base, Hamp-
ton Roads.
Kerr, William O. — Yeoman.
Kessler, Maynard L. — Machinist's Mate, U. S. S.
"West Point."
Kessler, William — Seaman, U. S. S. "Mt. Vernon."
Torpedoed and sunk September 15, 1918.
Kettell, John J. — Landsman, for Electrician, N. R. F.
Ketterer, Edwin J. — Apprentice Seaman, N. R. F.
Kibler, Roy A.— Ensign, N. R. F.
Kiendl, Robert A. — Apprentice Seaman.
Kiene, Louis — U. S. S. "Tyanbari."
Killilee, Paul — Pelham Bay.
Kimmel, Gerald L. — Ist-class Fireman, U. S. S. "Ken-
tucky."
Kiener, Milton J. — 2d-class Hospital Apprentice.
Killian, Albert C. — Landsman, for Carpenter's Mate (a).
Kimmel, Gerald L. — Apprentice Seaman, N. R. F.
King, Daniel B. — Ist-class Machinist's Mate, U. S. S.
"Dorsey." Injured on board, 2 days trom Halifax,
September 22, 1918.
King, Emery C— 3d-class Fireman.
King, Eugene — Landsman, for Machinist's Mate (a),
N. R. F.
King, Norman M. — Ist-class Yeoman, N. R. F.
King, Robert V. — 2d-class Seaman, LT. S. S. "Susque-
hanna."
King, Roy J. — 2d Machinist's Mate, Aviation, Naval
Reserve.
Kinnear, James — Landsman, for Machinist's Mate (a),
N. R. F.
Kinney, George R. — Ensign, U. S. Navy, Pay Corps.
Kinsella, John J. — Landsman, for Machinist's Mate (a),
N. R. F.
Kinzly, Roger M. — 2d-class Hospital Apprentice,
N. R. F.
Kipp, William I.— 2d-class Hospital Apprentice, N.R.F.
Kirchberger, Conrad — Carpenter's Mate, Naval Air
Station, Pensacola.
Kirchberger, John E. — Landsman, for Electrician (a).
Kirchofer, Carl G.— 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Kirk, Howard — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Kirk, James J.— 2d-class Machinist's Mate, N. R. F.
Kirk, Regis J.— Pvt., Villa Nova.
Kirkwood, Alexander — Seaman.
Kirsch, William J.— Seaman, U. S. Naval Repair Base.
Kisher, Lawrence — U. S. Naval Aviation.
Klahn, William C. — Landsman, for Quartermaster (a).
Klaskala, John J. — Apprentice Seaman.
Klaskala, Peter S. — Apprentice Seaman.
Klass, David R. — Apprentice Seaman, N. R. F.
Klawitter, Albert— 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Klawitter, Anthony P.— U. S. S. "Itasca."
Klawson, Joseph J. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Klein, Arthur F.— Gunner's Mate, N. R. F.
Klein, Henry — Apprentice Seaman.
Klein, Howard — Landsman, for Carpenter's Mate (a).
Klein, Louis A.— 2d Machinist, U. S. S. "Celtic."
Klein, Peter — Seaman, U. S. S. "Neptune."
Klein, Peter — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Kleinow, John H. — 2d-class Carpenter's Mate, U. S.
Naval Air Station.
Kleinschmidt, Geo. F. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Kleinsmith, George — Ensign.
Klenk, Harry G.— 2d-class Fireman, U. S. S. "Ala-
bama."
Kless, David R. — Seaman, Mine Filling Station.
Klier, Edmund J. — Naval Militia Guard.
Klier, Roland A. — Storekeeper, U. S. S. "Maine."
Kline, Harry E. — Landsman, for Electrician.
Klocek, Charles — Landsman, for Machinist's Mate (a),
N. R. F.
Kloepfer, Charles — Surfman, U. S. Navy Coast Guards.
Klopp, Harvey A. — Ensign.
Klous, Frank — Petty Officer, U. S. S. "Aroostook."
Knab, Henry F.
Knaier, Emerson C. — Radio Operator, U. S. S. "Sev-
erance."
Knaier, Emerson C. — Landsman, for Electrician,
N. R. F.
Knauss, Herbert F. — Apprentice Seaman.
Kneiner, Howard G. — Ist-class Yeoman, Bureau of
Supplies and Accounts.
Knepper, Leroy F. — Landsman, for Machinist's Mate
(a), N. R. F.
Knight, Howard W. — Landsman, for Electrician,
N. R. F.
Knisley, George R. — Fireman, U. S. S. " Ryndam."
Knisley, Gordon — Paris Island.
Knobloch, Raymond F. — 2d-class Gunner, U. S. S.
"Minnesota."
Knoerl, George J. — Ist-class Quartermaster, Navy, 15th.
Knoernschild, William Q. M. — Ist-class Pvt., Naval
Air Station.
Knoll, Francis — Ist-class Yeoman, N. R. F.
Knoll, Walter F. — Master of Arms, Submarine Base,
Panama.
Knopf, Elmer L. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Koch, Herbert B. — Landsman, for Machinist's Mate (a)
N. R. F.
Kocher, Frank J. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Kodowski, Victor H. — Landsman, for Machinist's Mate
(a), N. R. F.
Koeber, Fred C. — Apprentice Seaman.
Koedel, John A. — Headquarters Co., Great Lakes Sta-
tion, 3d Regiment.
Koehler, Arthur A. — Seaman, Submarine Chaser.
Koeppen, Robert L. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Koerber, John — Storekeeper, U. S. S. "St. Francis."
Koester, Arthur W. — Corp., Marine Aviation.
Koglin, Milton E.— Ist-class Machinist, U. S. S. "Chi-
cago."
Kohl, Frank — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Kohl, George— U. S. S. "Dixie."
Kohles, Marguerite E. — Landsman, for Yeoman, N.R.F.
U. S. Navy
643
Kolb, George — 2d-elass Seaman, N. R. F.
Kolb, Raymond J. — 1st Quartermaster, U. S. S. "Ra-
detzky."
Kolb, Raymond J. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Kolodziej, Stanley — Machinist, Great Lakes Station.
Kolodziepki, Frank — 2d Quartermaster, U. S. Naval
Aviation.
Kolodziepski, Joseph N. — 2d-class Gunner's Mate.U. S.
S. "Segourney."
Konwinski, William — Seaman, U. S. S. "Quinnebarg."
Konwiezka, Frank D. — Apprentice Seaman.
Konwinski, John — Co. H, U. S. Naval Aviation, 12th R.
Konwiezka, Louis S.
Kopankiewicz, Edmund N. — Apprentice Seaman,
N. R. F.
Kopec, Michael — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Koppisch, • Ernest J. — 2d-class Quartermaster, "Mt.
Vernon." Ship torpedoed September 5, 1918.
Korda, Walter F. — Apprentice Seaman.
Korls, Amo A. — 2d-class, U. S. S. " Massachusetts."
Korman, Morris J. — Landsman, for Electrician, N. R. F
Korst, Charles — Gunner.
Koscielniak, John S. — Apprentice Seaman.
Koscinski, Walter P. — U. S. S. "George Washington."
Kosdziej, Stanley — Apprentice Seaman, N. R. F.
Kosmanski, Frank J. — Coxswain, 23d Co., Rec. Ship.
Kosters, Henry F. — Gunner's Mate.
Kosters, Henry F. — Ist-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Kowalak, Joseph — Coxswain, 630th Co., N. U. "K."
Kowalowski, Leo F. — Apprentice Seaman.
Kowalowski, Peter — Ist-class Fireman.
Kowalski, Henry — Landsman, for Quartermaster (a).
Kowicor, Frank— U. S. S. "Guttiri."
Kowinski, William — Apprentice Seaman.
Kozminski, John St. — Apprentice Seaman.
Kozowski, Henry M. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Kraehn, Clarence E. — Lieut., U. S. S. "Missouri."
Kraengel, Eugene M. — Quartermaster, Naval Air Sta-
tion, 7th Regiment.
Kraetsch, Edward T.— Petty Officer, U. S. S. "Lake
Pleasant."
Kraft, Wilbur G. — Landsman, for Electrician, N. R. F.
Krajna, Leo A. — Seaman, V. S. S. "Hanoli."
Kramer, Albert J. — Landsman, for Machinist's Mate
(a),N. R. F.
Kramer, Albert W. — Philadelphia Navy Yard.
Krantz, Michael T. — Landsman, for Machinist's Mate
(a), N. R. F.
Kranz, George — Apprentice Seaman.
Kratz, George H. — Seaman.
Kratz, Harold — Seaman, Naval Training Unit.
Krawizyk, Edward — U. S. S. " Kearsarge."
Kreienberg, William J. — Ist-class Radio Electrician,
U. S. S. "Western City."
Kreiner, Howard G. — 2d-class Yeoman, N. R. F.
Krejna, Leo A. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Kress, Michael — 3d-class Fireman, N. R. F.
Kress, William — Landsman, for Electrician.
Kreuger, George R. — Apprentice Seaman.
Kreutter, Edward G.— Yeoman, Squad 2, U. S. Air Sta.
Kreuzer, Joseph D. — A. P.
Kriegbaum, Leonard J. — Apprentice Seaman.
Krieger, Chester L. — U. S. S. "Roanoke" — Mine Layer.
Krieger, Edward J. — U. S. Naval Air Station.
Krieger, Stanley W. — Apprentice Seaman.
Krieke, Arthur J. — Landsman, for Machinist's Mate (a)
N. R. F.
Kriepe, Arthur J. — 15th Co., Great Lakes Training Sta.
Kroetsch, Edward T. — Ist-class Fireman, N. R. F.
Krohn, Sidney A. — Ist-class Machinist's Mate, N. R. F.
Kromer, Nelson E. — 2d-class Mach., Naval Aviation.
Krueger, Charles H. — Apprentice Seaman.
Krug, Roy F. — Apprentice Seaman.
Krug, William J. — Coal Passer.
Krushel, William M. — Seaman, Co. B, Great Lakes
Station, 13th Regiment.
Kruzicki, Ignatius B. — Private, U. S. S. "President
Grant."
Kruzicki, John A. — Private, Frankfort Arsenal.
Krysinski, Albert F. — 3d-class Fireman.
Kryszak, Stephen F. — Apprentice Seaman.
Ksiazkiewicz, Alexander — Sailor.
Ksoazkiewicz, Alexander A. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Kubera, Alexander A. — U. S. S. "North Carolina."
Kuczynski, Thomas E. — Apprentice Seaman.
Kuhn, Alfred P. — Apprentice Seaman.
Kuhn, Frank F. — Apprentice Seaman.
Kuhn, Frank M. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Kumpf, Louis G. — 2d-class Hospital Apprentice.
Kuns, Robert F. — 3d-class Pharmacist's Mate.
Receiving Ship at New York.
Kurtz, Alphonse — Apprentice Seaman, N. R. F.
Kuryloski, Stanley — Seaman, U. S. Destroyer "Stew-
art."
Kurz, Casimier — Ist-class Fireman, LT. S. S. "Iowa."
Kurz, Stephen — 2d-class Seaman.
Kuschel, Joseph F. — 4 A.
Kuster, Clifford — Landsman, for Carpenter's Mate (a).
Kusz, Casimere — V. S. S. " Montana."
Kusz, Stephen J. — U. S. Submarine Base.
Kwiatck, Edwin — Apprentice Seaman.
Kwiecienski, Val. F. — Apprentice Seaman.
Lade, Charles G.— Lieut., U. S. S. "New York."
Lae, Frank A. — Yeoman.
Laevida, Frank — Boilermaker.
LaHoduz, Harold W. — Landsman, for Carpenter's
Mate (a), N. R. F.
Lain, Edward E. — Seaman, U. S. S. "Oklahoma."
Laird, John G. — 2d-class Hospital Apprentice, N. R. F.
Laird, Leonard L. — Landsman, for Electrician, N. R. F.
LaMarco, Edward J. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Lamberton, Arthur R. — Seaman, U. S. S. " Mt. Vernon."
Torpedoed September 5, 1918.
Lambour, Harry A. — 2d-class Quartermaster, U. S.
Navy Aviation.
Lamson, Ralph E. — 2d-class Machinist's Mate, N. R. F.
Landerdale, T. W.— Pharmacist's Mate, U. S. S.
"Antigone."
Landgraf, Frank A. — Landsman, for Machinist's Mate,
N. R. F.
Landry, Ewart A. — Landsman, for Machinist's Mate,
N. R. F.
644
Buffalo's Part in the World War
Lane, Charles W. — Lieut., Junior Grade, N. R. F.
Lane, Peter — 3d-class Fireman.
Laney, Joseph M. — Shipwaiter, S. S. "Cutler Caswell."
Lang, Aloysius S. — 2d-class Machinist's Mate.
Lang, Arthur H. — Quartermaster, U. S. S. "Rynland."
Lang, Charles W. — U. S. S. "Kearsarge."
Lang, Edward — Great Lakes.
Lang, Edward C. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Lang, Edward F. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Lang, Edwin H. — Chief Machinist, U. S. Navy Avia.
Lang, Elmer G. — Seaman, U. S. S. "Amminton."
Lang, Gerhart — 2d-class Engineer, U. S. S. "Glouster."
Lang, George C. — Seaman, U. S. S. "Birmingham."
Lang, George F. — Ist-class Gunner's Mate.
Lang, Helmuth G. — Apprentice Seaman.
Lang, Joseph J. — Apprentice Seaman, N. R. F.
Lang, Raymond E. — Apprentice Seaman, N. R. F.
Lange, Arthur H. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Lange, Leonard A. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Lange, Max V.— N. R. F.
Langenberg, William D. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Langner, Alfred H. — Ist-class Yeoman, U. S. S. "Plym-
outh."
Lankes, Albert F. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Lannen, Clyde — Shipfitter.
Lannen, Thomas E. — Ist-class Boatswain's Mate, U. S.
S. "Iowa."
Lanz, Paul G. — Landsman, for Quartermaster (a).
Lapey, James M. — Aviator.
Larimer, John E. — Quartermaster, 684th S. P.
Larish, Earl A. — 2d-class Machinist's Mate, Naval Avi-
ation Corps.
LaRocque, Edward J. — Service Inspection Cost, U. S.
Navy Aviation.
LaTona, Jacob A. — 2d-class Quartermaster, U. S. S. K-3
Latshaw, Frank W. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Lauffer, Arthur E. — Watertender, U. S. S. "Arizona."
Laverty, Arthur A. — U. S. Navy. Injured November 2,
1918, Puget Sound, Wash.
Laverty, James F. — 2d-class Boatswain's Mate, " Mt.
Vernon." Torpedoed September 15, 1918.
Lawless, George M. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Lawrence, E. G. G.— Ensign, N. R. F.
Lawrence, Lewis M. — 2d-class Fireman, U. S. S. "Illin-
ois."
Lawton, Lynn S. — Apprentice Seaman, N. R. F.
Leahy, L. R. — Ensign.
Leahy, L. R. — Lieut. Commander.
Leary, James M. — 2d-class Carpenter's Mate, Naval
Base 19.
Leary, Martin — Landsman, for. Electrician, N. R. F.
Leary, Robert— Chief Electrician (Rad.), N. R. F.
Leary, Vincent P. — 2d-class Quartermaster, U. S. S.
"Munrio."
Leaver, John F. — Apprentice Seaman.
Lebheig, Ed. J. — Ensign, U. S. S. "Kanawha."
Lebherz, Edwin J. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Lemming, Joseph L. — Ensign, U. S. S. "Albany."
Lee, Roger A. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Leffero, Russell — Great Lakes.
Lehner, Simon A. — Apprentice Seaman.
Lehrbach, H. G. — Lieut.
Leigh, Frank J. — Coxswain, U. S. "Mt. Vernon."
Ship torpedoed September 5, 1918.
Lieffer, LaVern J. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Leipler, R. J. — Coxswain, TJ. S. S. "Reid."
Leising, Philip J. — Apprentice Seaman.
Leitermann, Anthony A. — U. S. Submarine Base.
Leith, Harold — Ist-class Yeoman, N. R. F.
Leitrick, Albert J. — Seaman, U. S. Navy. Injured
August, 1918, at Minneapolis, Minn.
Leiorek, Leo — 3d-class Fireman.
Lemme, Camillo — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Lemme, Edward H. — Apprentice Seaman, N. R. F.
Lemme, Vincent N. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Lenahan, Edward J. — 2d-class Engine, U. S. S. "Mis-
sissippi. Injured July 6, 1918, at sea.
Leney, Leslie F. — 2d-class Seaman, U. S. Navy Aviation
Lenham, Theodore L. — 2d-class Gunner's Mate, U. S.
Navy Aviation.
Lennon, William P. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Leonard, Chas. P. — Recruiting Duty.
Leonard, Elmer L. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Leonard, Eugen — 2d-class Seaman.
Leonard, Eugene M. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Leonard, Norman W. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Leons, Eugene, Jr. — N. R. F.
Leprell, Arthur C. — Apprentice Seaman.
LePrell, Frank L. — Landsman, for Quartermaster.
Lergenmiller, J. J. — Pharmacist.
Lesanti, Joseph W. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Lesinski, Victor — Landsman, for Machinist's Mate,
N. R. F.
Lesniak, Joseph J. — Apprentice Seaman.
Lesniowski, John — 3d-class Fireman.
Lesniowski, John — Fireman, U. S. S. "Lake Blanches-
tion."
Lesswing, Herbert F. — Ist-class Seaman, U. S. S.
" Martha Washington."
Leto, Prospero C. — Landsman, for Electrician, N. R. F.
Leutenegger, Carl J. — Ist-class Hospital Apprentice,
N. R. F.
Levin, Manuel R. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Levindowski, Jack A. — Apprentice Seaman.
Levy, Marvin — Apprentice Seaman, N. R. F.
Lewandowski, Charles — U. S. S. "Leviathan."
Lewandowski, Dominick — U. S. S. "Oklahoma."
Lewandowski, Stanley J. — Landsman, for B. L. K.
Lewendowski, John L. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Lewenicht, Harry — 2d-class Hospital Apprentice, N.
R. F.
Lewis, Francis — Apprentice Seaman.
Lewis, James R. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Lewis, Lawrence F. — Apprentice Seaman.
Lewis, Percy G. — Apprentice Seaman.
Lewis, William F. — 2d-elass Seaman.
Lewis, William F.~2d-class Gunner's Mate, U. S. S.
"Frederick." Injured June 10, 1918.
Lewis, William — Apprentice Seaman.
L'Hommediew, Harry — Lieut., Junior Grade.
Lichenwalter, Albert — 2d-class Seaman. N. R. F.
Liebel, Albert— N. R. F.
U. S. Navy
645
Lieberman, Jerome — Landsman, for Machinist's Mate,
N. R. F.
Liekweg, Henry — Gunner.
Lienert, Richard L. — Landsman, for Carpenter's Mate.
Liebert, Robert A. — Chief Carpenter's Mate, N. R. F.
Lifshitz, Max — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Liles, Bert L. — 2d-class Hospital Apprentice, N. R. F.
Liles, Leon D. — Chief Quartermaster, U. S. S. "Maine."
Lillie, Albert E. — Apprentice Seaman.
Lillis, Paul A. — Apprentice Seaman.
Linaborn, Howard — 3d-class Fireman.
Lindahl, Arthur — Naval Aviation.
Lindeman, Fredeiick F. — Apprentice Seaman, N. R. F.
Linder, Charles H. — 2d-class Fireman, N. R. F.
Lindholm, John— U. S. Naval Base 29.
Lindner, Joseph M. — 2d-class Fireman, N. R. F.
Lindquist, Herman E. — Apprentice Seaman.
Lindsay, Bruce M. — 2d-elass Yeoman.
Linke, Ralph — Ist-class Mechanic's Mate.
Linkowski, Stanley — U. S. S. "Galatearig."
Linn, James Q. — 2d-class S. F.
Linneman, Bernard J. — Landsman, for Machinist's
Mate, N. R. F.
Linneman, Harry A. — Ist-cl. Machinist's Mate, N.R.F.
Linsmier, Edwin — Pvt.
Lipka, Valentine X. — Apprentice Seaman, N. R. F.
Lipp, Leon— Petty Officer, U. S. S. "Albany."
Lips, Geo. H. — 2d-elass Seaman.
Lipsins, Kurt R.— Plumber and Fitter, N. R. F.
Lipsitz, Carlton — 2d-class Seaman, Great Lakes.
Lipsitz, Morris — 2d-class Hospital Apprentice, N. R. F.
Liske, Ralph W. — Landsman, for Machinist's Mate,
N. R. F.
Little, H. H. — Midshipman.
Little, Harold H.— Lieut. Com., U. S. S. "Wyoming."
Livingston, John A. — Landsman, for Electrician,
N. R. F.
LoBue, Carmelo A.
Lock, J. Howard — Stewart, U. S. S. "Aramis."
Lockman, Leroy T. — Landsman, for Electrician, N.R.F.
Lockwood, Arthur P.— 2d-class Petty Officer, U. S. S.
"Minnesota."
Lockwood, A. W. — Ensign, N. R. F.
Lockwood, Thornton H. — Landsman, for Machinist's
Mate, N. R. F.
Lodowski, Victor H. — Great Lakes.
Loeffler, Fred J.— U. S. S. "Maning."
Loefke, William~2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Loesch, Anthony — Ist-class Seaman, U. S. S. "Levia-
than."
Loftus, Edward J. — Apprentice Seaman.
Logan, Sherman H. — Ist-class Shipfitter, Air Station.
Lomas, Alfred J. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Lombard, Ralph Dean— Chief Quartermaster, N. R. F.
Lombard, Ralph D. — Ensign, Naval Aviation.
Long, Alton E. — Hospital Corpsman, Great Lakes.
Long, Claude W. — Landsman, for Machinist's Mate (a)
N. R. F.
Long, Frederick F. — Lieut., 1st Chief Engineer.
Longhouse, G. L. — Ist-class Boatswain's Mate, U. S. S.
"Matsonia."
Loop, Rayinond E. — 2d-class Machinist's Mate, N.R.F.
Loos, Arthur L. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Lord, Harry R. — Landsman, for Electrician, N. R. F.
Lorpy, Leon V. — Hospital Nurse, U. S. S. "Panaman."
Loughlin, Vincent J. — Seaman, Great Lakes.
Love, Francis — 2d-class Yeoman, N. R. F.
Lowack, Fred — U. S. S. "New Mexico."
Lowe, Harold M. — Quartermaster.
Lowe, Raymond J. — 2d-class Coxswain's Mate, U. S.N.
Lowenstein, William J. — Petty Officer, LT.S.S. " Huron."
Lubridy, John J. — Apprentice Seaman, N. R. F.
Lucas, Joseph — 3d-class Fireman, N. R. F.
Lucas, Ralph A.— Chief Turret Captain, U. S. S. "New
Mexico."
Luders, Elmer E. — Landsman, for Quartermaster.
Ludwig, Charles B. — Landsman, for Machinist's Mate,
N. R. F.
Ludwig, Howard J. — Landsman, for Machinist's Mate,
N. R. F.
Luebeke, Arthur W. — Ist-class Machinist's Mate,
N. R. F.
Luedeke, William P., Jr. — Seaman.
Luense, Robert C. — Apprentice Seaman.
Lugg, Edwin H. — Landsman, for Carpenter's Mate.
Lukaszewski, Joseph — U. S. S. "Murray."
Luke, Fred J. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Luksch, Joseph — Landsman, for Machinist's Mate,
N. R. F.
Lumpp, Frederick D. — 2d-class Baker, N. R. F.
Lund, Daniel B. — Apprentice Seaman.
Lundelius, Carl, Jr. — Landsman, for Yeoman.
Lupps, Henry J. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Luther, William H. — Landsman, for Quartermaster.
Lutz, Carl H.— Spech. Mechanic, N. R. F.
Lutz, John — 2d-class Fireman.
Lux, Donald J. — Apprentice Seaman.
Lynch, Edwin J. — Seaman, U. S. S. "Mississippi."
Lynch, Irving M. — 2d-class Seaman, Great Lakes.
Lynch, Michael L. — Landsman, for Machinist's Mate.
Lynda, Theodore L. — Ist-class Gunner's Mate.
Lyon, Harold M. — Ist-class Hospital Apprentice,
Brooklyn Navy Hospital.
Lyon, Stuart G. — Chief Quartermaster, N. R. F.
MacAuley, Alexander C. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F..
MacCosham, John A., Jr. — Apprentice Seaman.
MacDonald, Frederick D. — Landsman, for Machinist's
Mate (a), N. R. F.
MacDonald, George A., Jr. — Ist-class Yeoman, N. R. F.
MacDonald, K. B. — Lieut. Commander, N. R. F.
MacDonald, Keith H. — Landsman, for Electrician,
N. R. F.
MacDonald, Stewart K.— Radio Electrician, U. S. S.
"Lake Caspar."
MacDonald, William R. — Apprentice Seaman.
Maciejewski, Maryan J. — Apprentice Seaman.
Maciejewski, Ignatius — U. S. S. "Surveyor."
Mack, Anthony J. — 2d-class Seaman, U. S. S. "Wis-
consin."
Mackay, James W. — Landsman for Electrician, N. R. F.
MacKenzie, Donald C— 1st Sgt., 7 Naval Radio
School.
646
Buffalo's Part in the World War
MacLean, James K.— Radio Operator, "Lake Lida."
MacNeil, Joseph J. — 2d-class Yeoman, U. S. S. Sib-
oney.
MacWade, Irving M. — Landsman, Q. M. (a).
McAfee, Roy W. — 2d-dass Carpenter's Mate, U. S.
Naval Air Station, Pensacola.
McAuliffe, Raymond J. — Ist-class Seaman, U. S. S.
"West Point."
McBean, Robert M. — Reserve Officer, Merchant Mar.
McCann, Joseph C. — Apprentice Seaman.
McCann, Samuel J. — 2d-class Fireman.
McCarthy, Charles A. — 3d-class Fireman.
McCarthy, Dennis J. — 3d-class Yeoman, 1st Reg. Barr.
McCarthy, James C. — 3d-class Fireman.
McCarthy, Jeremiah D. — Ensign (D).
McCarthy, Jeremiah J., Jr. — Apprentice Seaman.
McCarthy, John B. — Machinist's Mate, Submarine
Base.
McCarthy, John E. — Apprentice Seaman, Naval Res.
McCarthy, John J. — Apprentice Seaman.
McCarthy, John M.— Gunner, U. S. S. "Tiger."
McCarthy, John M. — Apprentice Seaman.
McCarthy, Joseph A. — Landsman, for Electrician,
N. R. F.
McCarthy, Leroy M. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
McCarthy, Owen J. — Apprentice Seaman, N. R. F.
McCarthy, Wilfred — 2d-class Seaman.
McCaughey, Herbert— 2d-class S. K., U. S. S. "New
York."
McClive, Douglas W. — Apprentice Seaman.
McConnell, Charles R. — Ist-class Fireman.
McConnell, Stuart De G.— Chief Yeoman, N. R. F.
McCourt, William F. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
McCoy, Kneeland S. — Apprentice Seaman, N. R. F.
McCue, Edmund J. — Ist-class Mechanic, 15th U. S.
N. R.
McCue, William J. — Observer, U. S. Naval Air Force.
McDade, Henry J. — Radio Operator, Lake Forest.
McDermott, Joseph H. — Apprentice Seaman.
McDonnell, Arthur J. — Ist-class Yeoman, N. R. F.
McDonnell, Thomas J.— Chief Yeoman, N. R. F.
McDonald, James P. — Fireman, U. S. S. "Polar Star."
McDonald, James P. — 3d-class Fireman.
McDonald, Leo C. — Apprentice Seaman.
McDonald, Leo P. — Landsman, for Chief Machinist(a).
McDonald, Rayinond J. — Apprentice Seaman.
McDonough, John — Ist-class Seaman, 2d Regiment,
Pelham Bay.
McDougall, James E. — Apprentice Seaman.
McElligott, Michael J. — Philadelphia Navy Yard.
McEnery, James E. — 2d-class Hospital Apprentice.
McFadden, William L. — U. S. Shipping Board.
McFarland, Walter A. — Ist-class Machinist's Mate.
McGee, James P. — Landsman, for Machinist's Mate (a)
Naval Reserve.
McGowan, Thomas J. — Ist-class Machinist's Mate,
U. S. S. "Harrisburg."
McGrath, James J. — 2d-elass Seaman, N. R. F.
McGrath, Thomas — 2d-class Quartermaster, U. S.
Naval Aviation.
McGuire, Bernard E. — Seaman, U.S. S." New Mexico."
McGuire, Harold F.— 3d-class S. F.
McGuire, Joseph A. — Landsman, for Electrician,
N. R. F.
Mcintosh, Donald A. — 2d-Machinist's Mate, Subma-
rine Service.
Mclntyre, George W. — Seaman, U. S. S. "New York."
McKee, Harry C— N. R. F.
McKellan, Earle P. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
McKenna, Edward J. — Landsman, for Yeoman.
McKowne, Ray G. — Apprentice Seaman.
McLaren, Frederick H. — 2d-class Fireman, \J. S. S.
"Kearsage."
McLaren, Malcolm — Lieut., Junior Grade (Eng.),
N. R. F.
McLaughlin, Joseph A. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
McLean, Frank E. — 2d-class Machinist's Mate.
McLennan, Russell G. — Apprentice Seaman.
McLeonard, Norman — 3d-class Yeoman.
McLeod, Allan J.— Boiler Maker, U. S. S. "Favorite."
McMahon, Thomas J. — 3d-class Quartermaster.
McManus, Franklin E. — Apprentice Seaman.
McManus, Irwin — Apprentice Seaman.
McMullen, Eugene — 2d-class Seaman, U.S.S. "Illinois."
McMurray, Robert F. — Machinist's Mate (a), N. R. F.
McNair, L. N.— -Commander, LT. S. S. "Melville."
McNally, Edward C. — Apprentice Seaman.
McNally, John — Seaman, N. R. F.
McNamara, Loren C. — Aviation I, IT. S. Navy, Great
Lakes Station.
McNaughton, William — Ensign, U. S. S. " Montpelier."
McNearney, James P. — Seaman.
McNeff, Harvey H. — Apprentice Seaman, N. R. F.
McPherson, Margaret — Petty Officer, Ordnance Dept.
Naval.
McQueen, Melvin — Apprentice Seaman.
Machrzak, Frank L. — U. S. S. "America."
Mack, Richard H. — LT. S. Naval Aviation Base, East-
leigh, Eng.
Mack, Walter A.— Pvt., Ship Repair Unit 30L
Mackenburg, Clarence W. — Apprentice Seaman,
N. R. F.
Mackowiak, Edward — Training Station.
Maclay, Geoffrey E.— Ensign, U. S. S. "Castine."
Madden, Henry S. — Chief Petty Officer, Sub-base,
Nahant, Mass.
Magee, Eugene — Navy Signal School.
Magee, Frank — Pvt., Marine Aviation.
Magner, E. B.— Ensign, N. R. F.
Magorero, Carmen — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Maher, Michael J. — Navy Intelligence.
Maher, Peter A. — Landsman, for Electrician, N. R. F.
Mahlmeister, Anthony I. — 3d-class Quartermaster,
U. S. S. "Eastern Shore."
Mahoney, Daniel J. — Landsman, for Electrician, N.R.F.
Mahoney, Joseph N. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Mahoney, Joseph V. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Mahoney, Walter A. — Apprentice Seaman.
Maisel, Walter C— 2d-class Machinist's Mate, U. S. S.
"Rockefeller." Injured May 18, 1918.
Majchrzak, Frank L. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Majchrzycki, Theodore — Landsman, for X. M. (a).
U. S. Navy
64 ■;
Makowski, Anthony S. — 3d-class Fireman.
Makowski, Stanley V. — Apprentice Seaman.
Malak, Frank — 3d-class Fireman.
Malcomb, Archer W. — Sailor, Great Lakes.
Male, A. E. J.— Lieut., N. R. F.
Malican, Leo E.— Chief Machinist's Mate, N. R. F.
Malican, Wm. V. — Great Lakes.
Malone, Michael J. — Seaman.
Cited for rescue at sea.
Malone, Peter L. — Coxswain.
Maloney, Edward A. — Apprentice Seaman.
Maloney, John F. — Apprentice Seaman.
Maloney, .John S. — Ensign, N. R. F.
Maloney, Thomas M. — 2d-class Seaman. N. R. F.
Manaher, John D. — Seaman, U. S. S. "New Jersey."
Mandel, Stephen J. — Apprentice Seaman, N. R. F.
Mangold, Oscar H. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Manguso, James H. — N. R. F.
Mania, Louis — Ist-class Seaman, U. S. S. " Santa Clara."
Mann, Francis M. — Ist-class Quartermaster, N. R. F.
Manning, Joseph E. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Mantey, Charles — 3d-class Fireman.
Mantey, Jacob — 3d-class Fireman.
Marc, Ralph R.— 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Marciniak, Stanley C. — Landsman, for Machinist's
Mate (a), N. R. F.
Marchard, Chauncey A. — Ist-class Hosp. App., N. R. F.
Mardel, Stanislaus P. — Seaman, N. R. F.
Marek, Matthew A. — Apprentice Seaman.
Marion, Joseph A. — Ist-class Yeoman, N. R. F.
Mark, Walter— Pvt., C. A. C.
Markey, Francis T. — Seaman, U. S. S. "Tallapoosa."
Markiewicz, Stanley — U. S. S. "Leviathan."
Markowski, Bill — Gun Captain, U. S. S. "McKenney."
Marlinski, Alex F. — Landsman, for Machinist's Mate
(a), N. R. F.
Marohn, Charlie H., Jr.— 2d-class Ship's Cook, U.S.S.
"Nicholson."
Maroney, Jos. V. — Ist-class Machinist, U. S. S. " Min-
neapolis."
Maroney, Joseph V. — 3d-class Fireman,
Maroney, Wm. J. — Apprentice Seaman, N. R. F.
Marshall, Rudolph J. — Ist-class Carpenter's Mate,
Naval Air Station, Pensacola.
Marson, Michael C. — Apprentice Seaman.
Marterer, John — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Martin, Charles W. — Ship Repair Unit 30L
Martin, Frank P. — Apprentice Seaman, N. R. F.
Martin, George E. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Martin, Hazel K.— N. R. F.
Martin, James V. — 2d-class Hospital App., N. R.F.
Martin, John — Coxswain, N. R. F.
Martin, John S. — 3d-class Fireman.
Martin, Joseph B. — Ist-class Gun Pointer, U. S. S.
"Coronia."
Martin, Walter G. — Seaman, U. S. S. "New Jersey."
Marvin, John D. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Marvin, Leonard W. — 2d-class Machinist's Mate,
N. R. F.
Marx, Ralph R. — Seaman, Rifle Range, Great Lakes.
Mason, Frank T. — Gunner's Mate, Great Lakes.
Masset, Frank L. — U. S. Naval Air Station, Coisini,
Italy.
Massman, William F. — Ist-class Machinist's Mate,
U. S. S. "Lake Crescent."
Masterson, Harold T. — Apprentice Seaman.
Masterson, Joseph S. — L. M. M. A., Great Lakes.
Matchulet, George O. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Matham, T. E. — Naval Air Station, Rockaway Beach.
Matthew, J. C— 3d-class Fireman, U. S. S. "So. Caro-
lina."
Matthews, Delmer A. — Signalman, U. S. S. "Western
Front."
Mathews, Jacob H. — Chief Quartermaster, N. R. F.
Matthews, Stephen J. — Apprentice Seaman.
Matter, Clemens B. — Landsman, for Quartermaster (a).
Matthies, Frank — Naval Base, Hampton Roads.
Matthies, Albert F. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Mattimore, Harry L. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Mattulke, William — Yeoman, Great Lakes.
Matura, Anthony — Ist-class Mechanic, U. S. S. "Black
Hawk."
Maturski, Joseph — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Mauerman, Alvin G. — Seaman, U. S. S. "Zerlandia."
Maul, Albert M. — Landsman, for Machinist's Mate (a).
Maurer, Gustav C. — Ist-class Machinist, Naval Trans-
port Service.
Maurer, Walter J. — Naval Air Service.
Mawhir, William T. — 2d-class Seaman, Receiving Ship,
Puget Sound.
Maxwell, John J. — Fireman, U. S. S. "George Wash-
ington."
Maxwell, Walter J. — Seaman, Naval Rifle Range, Mt.
Pleasant.
May, Ralph G. — Ist-class Yeoman, N. R. F.
Mayer, Geo, C. — Ist-cIass Machinist's Mate, N. R. F.
Mayer, John V. — Landsman, for Machinist's Mate (a),
N. R. F.
Maj'tham, Thomas E. — Ensign, Naval Aviation.
Mazarek, John — Apprentice Seaman.
Mazur, Joseph C. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Mazurowski, John E. — U. S. Naval Radio School,
Cambridge, Mass.
Mead, Geo. A. — Ist-class Yeoman.
Meadway, Walter H. — Chief Machinist's Mate, N.R.F.
Means, Arthur B. — 3d-class Gunner's Mate, Torpedo
Section.
Mease, John J. — Apprentice Seaman.
Meegan, Harold C. — Ist-class Seaman, Naval Aviation.
Meegan, John J. — 2d-class Seaman, U. S. Coast Guard.
Meegan, Michael J. — Ist-class Fireman.
Meeker, George H. — Chief Machinist's Mate, N. R. F.
Megge, August — Carpenter.
Mehlenbacher, Howard J. — Apprentice Seaman.
Meindl, Alphonse Y. — Landsman, for Machinist's Mate
(a), N. R. F.
Meiers, Frederick H. — 2d-class Machinist's Mate.
Meldrum, Alan K. — Landsman, for Electrician.
Meldrum, Herbert A., Jr. — Ist-class Gunner's Mate,
Great Lakes.
Mellins, Earl J.— Chief Machinist's Mate, U. S. S.
"Chicago."
648
Buffalo's Part in the World War
Mellins, Otto A.— Chief Machinist's Mate, U. S. S.
"Lake Dancey."
Mello, Joseph C. — 2d-class Machinist's Mate.
Melson, Stanley — U. S. S. "Naiwa."
Melzer, Isadore — 3d-class Storekeeper, Great Lakes.
Menard, E. 0.— 3d-class Fireman, U. S. S. "Salem."
Mendecker, Joseph F. — Ist-class Fireman.
Menge, Harold S. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Menter, Michael A. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Mergenhagan, Fred — Apprentice Seaman.
Mergler, Andrew B. — Gunner's Mate, Rena Mercedes
Amop.
Merkel, Frank J. — Coal Passer.
Merry, Don L. — Hospital Apprentice.
Mersmann, John F. — Landsman, for Machinist's Mate
(a), N. R. F.
Merzig, Nicholas C. — Seaman.
Meske, Carl— U. S. S. "Texas."
Messersmith, Frederick B. — Ship Rigger.
Messersmith, William H. — 2d-class Yeoman, Receiving
Barracks.
Metke, Nelson W. — Landsman, for Machinist's Mate (a) .
Metlak, Joseph M. — Seaman, U. S. S. "Vermont."
Metz, John T. — Landsman, for Machinist's Mate (a),
N. R. F.
Metz, PhiHp F.— Ensign, U. S. S. "The Jean."
Metzdorf, Edward — Landsman, for Electrician, N. R. F.
Metzen, Edwin P. — 2d-class Hospital Apprentice.
Metzger, Adolph — Landsman, for Machinist's Mate (a)
(a), N. R. F.
Metzger, Isadore — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Meyer, Carlton J. — 2d-class Yeoman, Gun Plant, Erie
Forge and Steel Co.
Meyer, Charles E. — Landsman, for Electrician.
Meyer, William G. — Ist-class Machinist's Mate, U. S.
S. "Van Steuben."
Meyers, Joseph D. — Landsman, for Electrician.
Miano, Frank L. — Landsman, for Machinist's Mate (a),
N. R. F.
Miceli, Thomas J. — Apprentice Seaman.
Michalski, Alexander F. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Michalski, Edmund A. — Yeoman, N. R. F.
Miers, Floyd — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Migge, August — Landsman, for Carpenter's Mate (a).
Milford, Henry E. — Ensign, U. S. S. "Cacique."
Militello, Frank J.— 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Miller, Adam J. — Ist-class Fireman.
Miller, Albert — 2d-class Yeoman, N. R. F.
Miller, Albert A. — 2d-class Machinist's Mate.
Miller, Anthony J. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Miller, A. J.— Petty OfHcer, U. S. S. "Arizona."
Miller, Arthur J. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Miller, August — Appi entice Seaman.
Miller, Carl F. — Landsman, for Electrician, N. R. F.
Miller, Chester L. — Apprentice Seaman, U. S. S. "Mt.
Vernon."
Miller, Edw. J. — Seaman., U. S. S. "Seneca."
Miller, Edwin L.— Chief Petty Officer, N. R. F.
Miller, Geo. D.— 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Miller, George H. — Seaman, U. S. S. "Seneca."
Miller, Geo. W. — Landsman, for Electrician, N. R. F.
Miller, Hiram H. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Miller, Howard L. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Miller, Ivan W. — 3d-class Fireman.
Miller, James — Apprentice Seaman, U. S. S. "Tusca-
rora."
Miller, John S.— 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Miller, John W. — Apprentice Seaman.
Miller, Louis E. — Landsman, for Machinist's Mate (a),
N. R. F.
Miller, Louis J. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Miller, Lewis J. — Naval Rifle Range, Mt. Pleasant.
Miller, Robert J.— 2d-class Electrician, U. S. S. "South
Carolina."
Miller, Rudolph C— Lieut., Junior Grade, N. R. F.
Miller, Wm. A. — 3d-class Fireman, N. R. F.
Miller, Wm. F.— 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Miller, William H. — Apprentice Seaman.
Millheiser, Edw. D. — Landsman, for Electrician, N.R.F
Millidge, Chas. W.— 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Millidge, Edward T.— Seaman, U. S. S. "Iowa."
Milligan, George — Lieut., Junior Grade, N. R. F.
Milligan, John M. — Fireman, U. S. S. "Wissahickor."
Millring, Jas. R. — Ist-class Machinist's Mate, N. R. F.
Mills, Edward E. — 2d-class Hospital Apprentice.
Mills, Earle M. — 3d-class Pharmacist's Mate.
Mills, W. S., Jr.— Chief Machinist's Mate, U. S. S.
"Chicago."
Milsom, Edwin A. — Landsman, for Machinist's Mate
(a), N. R. F.
Milsom, Edwin J. — Petty Officer, Naval Aviation.
Milsom, Wm. C— Chief Yeoman, N. R. F.
Minahan, Arthur C. — Apprentice Seaman.
Mink, Chas. F. — Landsman, for Electrician, Training
Station, Harvard.
Mink, George A. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Mioducki, Louis E. — Apprentice Seaman.
Miranda, Frank L. — Landsman, for Baker, N. R. F.
Mischka, Carl B. — Landsman, for Electrician, N. R. F.
Missall, Max — Ist-class Gunner, U. S. S. "Beafort."
Mitchell, Henry A. — Landsman, for Machinist's Mate
(a), N. R. F.
Mittek, William J. — Apprentice Seaman.
Mittlesladt, Chas. E.— 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Mocny, Isidore T. — 3d-class Fireman.
Moelich, Elmer F. — Landsman, for Electrician, N. R. F.
Moench, John C. — Landsman, for Yeoman, N. R. F.
Moffett, Frank A. — Apprentice Seaman.
Mohr, Walter V.— N. R. F.
Mol, Joseph — Ist-class Boatswain's Mate, U. S. S.
"Oklahoma."
Molik, Frank J. — Apprentice Seaman.
Monnin, Frank E.— C. P. O. (Yeoman), U. S. "Titon."
Montgomery, G. M. — 3d-class Yeoman.
Montgomery, Gardner M.— Landsman, for Electrician,
N. R. F.
Montgomery, Wesley P. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Montgomery, Wm. D. — Apprentice Seaman.
Moody, Marion E. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R.F.
Mooney, Jos. F. — 2d-class Gunner's Mate, Sub-base.
Mooney, John J. — Apprentice Seaman, N. R. F.
Mooney, Joseph T. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
U. S. Navy
649
Mooney, Joseph W. — Engineman,U. S. S. "Leviathan."
Moore, DeWitt R. — Hospital Apprentice, U. S. Naval
Training Station.
Moore, Wesley H. — 2d-class Apprentice Seaman (R),
Pelham Bay Training Camp.
Moore, William C. — 3d-class Electrician, Rad., N. R. F.
Moran, Harry C. — Apprentice Seaman.
Moran, John W., Jr. — Landsman, for Electrician,
N. R. F.
Morehouse, Wm. C. — Apprentice Seaman.
Morey, James B. — Chief Quartermaster (a), N. R. F.
Morfogenis, John L. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Morgan, Fred D. — Ist-class Yeoman, N. R. F.
Moriarity, Frank J. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Moringstar, Wm. J. — Fireman, U. S. S. "Lake Eliko."
Morley, Arthur L. — Ist-class Electrician, N. R. F.
Morlock, Joseph E. — Seaman, N. R. F.
Morrell, Clarence G. — 2d-class Machinist's Mate,
N. R. F.
Morris, Henry H. — Blacksmith, N. R. F.
Morris, Henry H. — Machinist, N. R. F.
Morris, Herbert W. — Chief Y'eoman, N. R. F.
Morrissey, Francis J. — 2d-class Yeoman, N. R. F.
Morrissey, Wm. J. — Ensign, N. R. F.
Morton, Thos. H. — U. S. S. "Louisiana."
Morton, William— 2d-class Cook, N. R. F.
Mosack, Arthur L. — 2d-class Machinists' Mate.
Moser, Francis L. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Mosier, John — Apprentice Seaman.
Moss, Norman — Apprentice Seaman, N. R. F.
Moss, James A. — Ist-class Quartermaster, U. S. S.
"Hinton."
Moss, W. R. M. — Ensign, Naval Aviation.
Mossinac, Eugene A. — Apprentice Seaman.
Mowitz, Karl F. W. — Quartermaster, U.S.S. "Seneca."
Mowrey, John H. — Ist-class Carpenter's Mate, U. S. S.
"Leviathan."
Mrozinski, Leo — Naval Aviation.
Muck, Allan J. — 2d-class Seaman, U.S.S." Leviathan."
Muck, Clarence J. — Seaman, U. S. S. "Michigan."
Muckler, Daniel M. — Landsman, for Electrician, N.R.F.
Muckler, Wm. F. — Seaman.
Muegel, Lewis P. — Quartermaster, U. S. S. "Occident."
Muench, Clarence — Seaman.
Muenzel, Edgar H. — 2d-class Machinist's Mate.
Muflfoletto, Joseph S.— 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Muir, William A. — Apprentice Seaman, Navy.
Mullaney, James M. — Landsman, for Electrician, N.
R. F.
Mullen, Charles D. — Apprentice Seaman, N. R. F.
Mullen, John D.— 2d-class Machinist's Mate, S. P. 721.
Mullen, Laurie — Landsman, for Machinist's Mate (a),
N. R. F.
Mullen, Thomas K. — Gunner, U. S. S. "Calarmares."
Mullen, Thomas K. — Ist-class Machinist's Mate, N.
R. F.
Mullen, William J. — 2d-class Fireman.
Mulligan, John J. — Helmsman, U. S. S. "Matsonia."
Mulroy, Lewen L. — Apprentice Seaman.
Mutterer, Walter J. — Apprentice Seaman.
Mumm, Chas. F. — Fireman, U. S. S. "Dyer."
Mumm, John F.— Chief Machinist's Mate, N. R. F.
Munch, Arthur F. — Apprentice Seaman, N. R. F.
Munger, Geo. A. — Ist-class Y'eoman.
Munschauer, Roy L. — Petty Officer, U. S. S. "Pro-
muthens."
Munsell, Chas. G.— Chief Y'eoman, N. R. F.
Muntz, John P. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Murdock, Thomas J. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Murphy, Francis D. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Murphy, .James P. — Chief Commander, Great Lakes.
Murphy, John J. — Chief Machinist's Mate, Naval Air
Station, Miami, Florida.
Murphy, Thomas J. — 2d-class Machinist, U. S. S.
"Lake Otisco."
Murphy, Wm. E. — Ensign, U. S. S. "Aegonne."
Murphy, William J. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Murray, Arnold N. — Ist-class Yeoman, N. R. F.
Murray, Albert J. — Surfman, 236th Coast Guards.
Murray, James — Chief Engineer, U. S. S. "Connors-
ville."
Murrett, Peter J. — 2d-c!ass Seaman, N. R. F.
Muschawek, Andrew F. — Apprentice Seaman.
Muscoreil, Michael — Machinist's Helper.
Musialowski, Anthony — Apprentice Seaman.
Mussen, Albert C. — Seaman, S. S. "Rijudsin."
Mussen, Chas. A. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Mutchler, Maurice E. — Storekeeper, N. R. F.
Muth, Karl D. — Apprentice Seaman, N. R. F.
Muth, DeForest E. — Landsman, for Machinist's Mate
(a), N. R. F.
Myers, Leroy — Apprentice Seaman.
Myers, J. H.— Ensign, N. R. F.
Myers, Merrill F. — Watertender, U.S.S. "Charleston."
Myholm, Elmer L — Landsman, for Electrician, N. R. F.
Mysko, Stanislaw — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Nabozny, Frank J. — Apprentice Seaman.
Nachreiner, Frank — U. S. Shipping Board.
Nagi, John A. — Apprentice Seaman.
Nagle, Daniel V. — Landsman, for Electrician, N. R. F.
Nalbert, Jewett — Ist-class Boatswain's Mate.
Naukam, Arthur H. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Nassal, Carl J.— Pvt.
Nassal, Frederick A. — Machinist's Mate, U. S. S.
"Granite State."
Navadel, Joseph M.— Warrant Officer, U. S. S. "Pow-
hatan."
Naylon, Thomas S. — Apprentice Seaman, U. S. S.
"Pres. Grant."
Near, Herbert C. — Gun Pointer, U. S. S. "Nebraska."
Nease, Howard S. — Pvt., IT. S. S. "Arizona."
Necher, Leo E. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Needham, Bernard L. — 2d-class Machinist's Mate.
Neff, Edward F. — Apprentice Seaman.
Neff, Frank — Hampton Roads, Va.
Neff, Frank E. — Landsman, for Quartermaster (a).
Neilon, Wm. H. — 2d-class Electrician, N. R. F.
Nelligan, John F. — Ensign, U. S. S. "Mount Vernon."
Nelson, Edward F. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Nelson, Glenn F. — Apprentice Seaman.
Nelson, Neil — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Nelson, William G.— Watertender, N. R. F.
650
Buffalo's Part in the World War
Nerschel, George H. — Quartermaster, Sub-chaser 44.
Neubauer, Arthur — Lieut., Naval Rifle Range.
Neubauer, Frederick — Lieut., U. S. S. "Amphitrite."
Neudecker, Joseph P.— Seaman.
Neudecker, Joseph F.~Coal Passer Only.
Neuffler, Charles C. — Ist-class Machinist's Mate, N.
R. F.
Neumeister, Raymond — U. S. S. "New Mexico."
Neuner, George B. — Landsman, for Baker, N. R. F.
Newbert, Ralph E.— 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Newland, Joseph W. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Newland, William — Apprentice Seaman, N. R. F.
NewTnan, Arthur C. — 2d-class Machinist's Mate (a),
Naval Aviation.
Newman, A. J. — Ensign, Naval Reserve Pay Corps.
Newman, Mabel G. — Chief Petty Officer, Commander's
Office, New London.
Newman, W. C. — Gunner, N. R. F.
Nichols, Benjamin — Coal Passer.
Nicholls, George A. — Engineer, U. S. S. "Lawrence."
NichoUs, William J. — Machinist's Mate, U.S. S." Greer."
Nicholas, John W. — 2d-class Hospital Apprentice.
Nickrenz, Ed. L. — Listener, Sub-chaser 73.
Nickrenz, Robert M.— Chief Machinist, U. S. S. "Cor-
yngham."
Nicol, William E. — 2d-class Hospital Apprentice.
Nicol, William E.— 2d-class Yeoman, U. S. S. "Don
Juan."
Niederlande, John — Seaman, U. S. S. "Canandaigua."
Nikiel, Anthony— Pvt., U. S. S. "Polorane."
Nilswiadomy, John P. — Apprentice Seaman.
Nimon, Cecil R. — Seaman, Naval Training Station.
Noble, Curtiss G. — Ensign, Naval Aviation, Pensacola.
Noble, Harry E. — Fireman, Receiving Ship.
Noble, John H. — Ist-class Machinist, IT. S. S. "Mercy."
Nobles, Walter L. — Yeoman, Naval Air Forces.
Nolan, Ralph W.— Petty Officer.
Nolan, William V. A. — Landsman, for Chief Machinist,
Aviation.
Norris, John N. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Norman, A. R. — 2d-class Fireman, Oil Barge 4.
Norrell, John B.— 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Northrup, Raymond — Apprentice Seaman, N. R. F.
Norton, Arthur L. — Seaman, Great Lakes.
Norton, Nathaniel S. — Ensign, U. S. S. "Lydonia."
Noskj', Edward N. — Chief Yeoman, Naval Training
Camp.
Notman, Arthur L. — Quartermaster, Mine-sweeper
"Kippel."
Nowak, John — Landsman, for Baker.
Nowak, Leo — Apprentice Seaman.
Nowakowski, Edmund — Pvt., U. S. S. "Lake Gakona."
Nowicki, Michael V. — 3d-class Fireman.
Nusbaum, Edward J. — Apprentice Seaman, N. R. F.
Nuttle, John J.— Seaman, U. S. S. " Martha Washing-
ton."
Nyhart, Jay L. — 3d-class Fireman, N. R. F.
Oakes, Lewis W. — Ist-class Electrician, U. S. Coast
Guards.
Oakes, Walter E. — Ist-class Electrician, U. S. Coast
Guards.
Obergfell, Edward A.
Oberst, Harry C. — 2d-class Machinist's Mate, N. R. F.
O'Brien, Austin J. — Landsman, for Machinist's Mate,
N. R. F.
O'Connell, Edward G. — Machinist's Mate.
O'Brien, Edward M.— Watertender, U. S. S. "Dekalb."
O'Brien, Harry T. — Landsman, for Electrician, N. R. F.
O'Brien, Joseph— 2d-class Ship Fitter, U. S. S. "Calu-
miet."
O'Brien, Michael E. — 2d-class Fireman.
O'Brien, William E.— Ensign, U. S. S. "Philadelphia."
O'Brien, William J.— U. S. S. "Canibus."
O'Brien, William J.— 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
O'Connell, James P. — Landsman, for Quartermaster.
O'Conner, Leo M. — Apprentice Seaman.
O'Connor, Arthur V. — Ensign.
O'Connor, Frank D.— Ist-class Pvt., U. S. S. "South
Carolina." Injured June, 1918.
O'Connor, John H. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
O'Connor, John M. — Apprentice Seaman.
O'Connor, Richard E. — Landsman, for Machinist's
Mate, N. R. F.
O'Connor, Thomas J. — Warrant Offi.cer.
O'Connor, William M.— Chief Yeoman, U. S. S. "Al-
gonquin."
Oczkowski, Frank — Radio Sgt., U. S. Navy, Panama
Canal Zone.
O'Day, Margaret C— Pvt. Sec'y, U. S. Shipping Bd.
O'Donnell, Daniel M.— 3d-class Fireman, U. S. S.
" Madowaska."
O'Donnell, John F. — Seaman, U. S. S. "Carolina."
O'Donnell, Lester E.— Seaman, U. S. S. "Salem."
Oelheim, Herbert J. — Ist-class Yeoman, N. R. F.
Oetinger, Edward H. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Offers, Theo. B. — Apprentice Seaman, U. S. S. "Rhode
Island."
Ogg, Robert R. — Lieut., U. S. S. "Kearsarge."
Oginbine, Joseph S. — U. S. S. "Onondaga."
O'Gorman, E. M.— Artificer, U. S. S. "Bridge."
O'Hara, Frank B. — 2d-class Machinist's Mate.
O'Hara, Leo H.— 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Ohlin, Roy P. — Radio Electrician's Apprentice, U. S.
Sub-chaser 25.
Ojeska, Albert — Ist-class Fireman, U.S.S." Leviathan."
O'Kelly, Charles E.— 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Okomiewski, Walter J. — Seaman, U. S. S. "N. Orleans.'
O'Laughlin, Arthur J. — Seaman, N. R. F.
O'Laughlin, Charles F. — Seaman, U. S. S. "Wyoming."
Oldenburg, Walter F. — Apprentice Seaman.
Olds, Arch H.— Chief Yeoman, N. R. F.
Oleander, Louis — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Olechowski, Steve— U. S. S. "Chester."
Olender, Louis— Unit X, U. S. Navy Operating Base.
Oliger, Joseph J. — Ist-class Machinist's Mate, U. S. S.
"McDermuth."
Oliver, Byron F. — Quartermaster, U. S. S. "Kearsarge."
Olmsted, Raymond H. — Seaman.
O'Loughlin, James T. — Fireman.
Olsen, Bernard — Apprentice Seaman, N. R. F.
Olver, J. Harrington — 2d-class Seaman, Naval Radio
School.
U. S. Navy
651
O'Malley, Mae M.— Ist-class Yeoman, N. R. F.
O'Mara, Alfred — 3d-class Fireman.
O'Mara, Joseph V. — Apprentice Seaman, N. R. F.
O'Neil, Chester — Apprentice Seaman, N. R. F.
O'Neill, Daniel J. — 2d-class Machinist's Mate.
O'Neil, Frank -J. — Ist-class Yeoman.
O'Neill, James W.— 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Olivieri, Anthony J. — Apprentice Seaman.
Onisk, John Anthony — Apprentice Seaman, N. R. F.
Orlowski, Joseph A. — Watertender, U. S. S. "Celtic."
Orlowski, Walter L.— 2d-class Cook, U. S. S." Plunkett."
Ormond, Alfred C. — Landsman, for Electrician, N. R.F.
O'Rourke, Norman J. — Radio Operator.
Orr, George A. — Apprentice Seaman, N. R. F.
Orton, Clayton A. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Osborne, Edward E. — 2d-class Machinist's Mate.
Osgood, Wayne I. — Apprentice Seaman.
O'Shea, William B. — Landsman, for Machinist's Mate.
Oster, Edward J. — Apprentice Seaman, N. R. F.
Osterlag, Albert G.— Sec. Chief.
Ott, Carl F.— 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Ott, Frank H. — Landsman, for Yeoman.
Ottinger, Raymond E. — Landsman, for Electrician, N.
R. F.
Ouchie, Raymond C. — 2d-class Electrician, Aviation
Repair Base.
Owczarzak, Anthony — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Oyer, Leon L — Landsman, for Quartermaster.
Packard, Mark, Jr.— Lieut., U. S. S. "Zeda."
Packard, Warren — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Page, Harold W. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Page, Luchas J. — Apprentice Seaman, N. R. F.
Page, Philip E. — Chief Machinist's Mate.
Palermo, Anthony F. — 3d-class Fireman.
Palewski, Leo — Apprentice Seaman.
Palmer, Charles B. — Chief Quartermaster, N. R. F.
Palmer. Horace R. — Ist-class Carpenter's Mate, N.R.F.
Panek, Bronislaus — Apprentice Seaman.
Panek, Joseph — Apprentice Seaman.
Panepinto, Samuel J. — 3d-class Fireman.
Pbschylski, Valentine.
Pope, Albert E. — Ensign.
Parent, Charles — Petty Officer.
Parisi, Edward — Landsman, for Machinist's Mate, N.
R. F.
Parker, Baron L. — Pvt., U. S. S. "New Me.xico."
Parks, Ralph C— 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Parmelee, Foster — Ensign, N. R. F.
Parrish, John W. L.— Coal Passer Only, U. S. S. " Min-
neapolis."
Parry, Russell W. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Parsons, Deborah H. — 2d-class Yeoman, N. R. F.
Partridge, Kenneth L. — 2d-class Seaman, U. S. S.
"Minnesota."
Partyka, Bolesaus C. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Pasternacki, Paul — Apprentice Seaman.
Patterson, Geo. E. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Patterson, John J. — Mechanic.
Paul, William— 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Paul, W. S.— Bugler, U. S. S. "Montana."
Pawelska, Leo— U. S. S. "North Dakota."
Pawlitz, Fred F. — 2d-class Seaman.
Pawlowski, Brownie — 2d-class Seaman.
Pawlowski, Louis — Apprentice Seaman.
Paxson, Herbert A. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Peabody, Clarence S. — Apprentice Seaman.
Pearce, Harry A. — Landsman, for Electrician, N. R. F.
Pearce, S. A. — 2d-class Electrician, Receiving Ship
"New York."
Pearch, Edward J. — Landsman, for Electrician.
Peard, Edgar L.— Radio Operator, U. S. S. "Cotapaxi."
Peard, Richard T.— Landsman, for Electrician, N.R.F.
Pearleo, Charles W. — Ist-class Electrician.
Peck, Charles S. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Peck, Edward C. — Ist-class Machinist's Mate, U. S. S.
"Dahlgren."
Peck, Elmer Ray — Apprentice Seaman.
Peck, Harold L. — Apprentice Seaman.
Pederson, Charles E. — Apprentice Seaman.
Pfeffer, Harry D. — Apprentice Seaman.
Pellette, Earl J. — 2d-class Machinist's Mate, Great
Lakes Station, Aviation.
Pelloth, John — Landsman, for Machinist's Mate.
Peisachow, Nathan — 2d-class Hospital Apprentice,
N. R. F.
Fenders, Frank J.— U. S. S. "Pastores."
Fenders, Leo P. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Fenders, Robert J. — Coal Passer Only, U. S. Nav>-.
Pendery, Horace Jindlay — Landsman, for Electrician,
N. R. F.
Peppier, Harry A. — Lieut.
Percy, Swayze Price — Machinist's Mate.
Perkins, Frank N. — Chief Machinist's Mate, U. S. S.
"O-n."
Pernick, George J. — Landsman, for Carpenter's Mate.
Perrigo, Edward W.— Seaman, U. S. Naval Base,
Hampton Roads.
Perrin, Woodruff J. — 3d-class Carpenter's Mate, N.R.F.
Perry, Charles A. — Landsman, for Electrician, N. R. F.
Perry, George D.— Lieut., Sr. Grade, U. S. S. "Orizaba."
Perry, William H. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Pesch, Clarence A. — 2d-class Machinist's Mate.
Peters, John J. — 2d-class Yeoman, N. R. F.
Peters, Joseph W. — Ist-class Machinist, U. S. S. "Ryn-
land."
Peters, Reginald .\.— U. S. S. "Riene Mercedes."
Peterson, Adam F. — Landsman, for Machinist's Mate.
Peterson, Arthur O. — Seaman, U. S. S. "Wisconsin."
Peterson, George A. — 2d-class Seaman.
Peterson, Martin J. — Ist-class Lieut., U. S. Naval Base.
Peterson, Walter M. — 2d-class Machinist's Mate.
Peterson, William M.— U. S. S. "Conner."
Peterson, William M. — 3d-class Fireman, N. R. F.
Petre, Howard G. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Petri, William P. — Landsman, for Carpenter's Mate,
N. R. F.
Petry, Erail J.— Fireman, LT. S. S. " Wisconsin."
Petry, Herman F. — Landsman, for Machinist's Mate,
N. R. F.
Pettis, Eari H.— Gun Pointer, U. S. S. "Vermont."
Petz, Jacob H. — 2d-class Machinist's Mate.
Pfeiffer, Christ G.— U. S. S. "Minneapolis."
652
Buffalo's Part in the World War
Pfeiffer, Edwin J.— Chief Yeoman, U. S. Coast Guard.
Pfeiffer, Frank J. — Ist-class Machinist, Naval Aviation.
Pfeiffer, Franlv R.— Cook, Great Lakes.
Pfeiffer, George J.— 3d-class Fireman.
Pfeiffer, Henry W.
Pfeiffer, Howard— Seaman, U. S. S. "Onandaga."
Pfeiffer, Jacob H.— 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Pfeil, Peter P.— Fireman, U. S. S. "Kearsarge."
Pfohl, William — 2d-class Machinist's Mate, Naval Avia-
tion.
Phillips, Joseph G.— 2d-class Cook, U. S. S. "Druid."
Phillips, Martin G. — 2d-class Hospital Apprentice,
N. R. F.
Phillips, Maxwell — Apprentice Seaman.
Phillips, William — 2d-class Machinist's Apprentice.
Piall, Walter S.— Ist-class Fireman, N. R. F.
Piatrowski, Edward J. — U. S. S. "Aztec."
Puchocka, Casimer J. — Naval Air Service.
Pickard, Garland C. — Apprentice Seaman.
Picken, Dawson W. — Apprentice Seaman.
Pidgeon, Rexford E. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Pierce, William J. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Pittaway, Adel B.— 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Piettukiewicz, Stanley J. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Pietz, Harold F. — Apprentice Seaman.
Piggott, Barry H. — 3d-class Fireman, N. R. F.
Pikulski, Henry E. — Apprentice Seaman.
Pilichowski, Philip — Apprentice Seaman, N. R. F.
Piotrowski, Edward J. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Pindor, Franklin— Gunpointer, U. S. S. "Arkansas."
Pirson, Everett G. — 2d-class Machinist's Mate, U. S. S.
"Rainbow."
Pistrowski, Berman — 3d-class Fireman, N. R. F.
Pitonak, Andrew J. — 2d-class Engineman, U. S. S.
"Pennsylvania."
Plasur, Mathew — Landsman, for Machinist's Mate,
N. R. F.
Plewa, Joseph — Apprentice Seaman, N. R. F.
Plumstead, Thomas W.— Lieut., Sr. Grade, U. S. S.
"Lake Charlotte."
Plunkett, Clarence E. — 2d-class Machinist's Mate,
N. R. F.
Pochylski, Edmund K.— Landsman, for Machinist's
Mate, N. R. F.
Pochylski, Peter — 3d-class Fireman.
Pogarzala, William K.— Clerk, N. R. F.
Polanowski, Alexander — Apprentice Seaman.
Polanowski, Felix — 2d-class Machinist's Mate.
Polchylska, Peter — U. S. §. "Minneapolis."
Pomplun, Albert W. — Ist-class Machinist's Mate, U. S.
S. "Rynland."
Pontius, .Jacob J. — Apprentice Seaman, N. R. F.
Popp, Arthur H.— Chief Boatswain, U. S. S. "Ken-
tucky."
Poppendeck, Henry C. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Posmantur, Charles.
Potratz, John — Cook, U. S. S. "Yamacrow."
Powandra, Frank J. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Powell, Harold G.— U. S. Coast Guard.
Powell, Henry W. — Apprentice Seaman.
Powell, William H. — Ensign.
Powers, Francis G. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Pawlowski, B. — Seaman, U. S. S. "Frederick."
Powlowski, John D. — Apprentice Seaman.
Poxon, Rufus B.— 2d-class Petty Officer, U. S. S.
"Tallahasse."
Poyneer, Julia L. — Landsman, for Yeoman, N. R. F.
Pratt, William R.— 2d-class Ship Fitter.
Pratt, Walter S.— Watertender, U. S. S. "Georgia."
Pratt, William F.— 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Pray, James A. — Landsman, for Electrician, N. R. F.
Prentiss, George — Corp., U. S. S. "Cubadist."
Prescott, Joseph R. — Apprentice Seaman.
Price, Perry S. — Landsman, for Machinist's Mate,
N. R. F.
Prien, Walter F.— 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Prishel, Earl C. — Apprentice Seaman.
Prouse, Harold R. — 2d-class Yeoman, N. R. F.
Provoost, William R. — Ensign, Transport Service.
Pryor, Anderson — W. R. C. K.
Przybylski, Valentine — 3d-class Fireman.
Pudlewski, Leonard E. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Pudlewski, Peter P.— 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Puffpaff, Geo. S.— Shipyard.
Pundt, Alvin W. — Landsman, for Carpenter's Mate,
N. R. F.
Pundt, Edward C. — Gunner.
Purcell, Charles S. — 2d-class Seaman.
Purdy, Harold A. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Purvis, Albert R. — Blacksmith.
Pyke, Ralph A. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Quant, Harold V. — Ist-class Fireman, U. S. S. " Aeolus."
Quant, Warren B. — Apprentice Seaman.
Quinlan, Mary M. — Landsman, for Yeoman, N. R. F.
Quinn, Arthur — Machinist, U. S. S. "Wisconsin."
Quinn, Daniel J. — Landsman, for Electrician.
Quinn, John J. — Seaman, U. S. S. "Frederick."
Quinn, John P. — 3d-class Fireman, N. R. F.
Quinn, John P. — 2d-class Electrician, U. S. S. "Iowa."
Quinn, Leo T. — Apprentice Seaman.
Quinn, Thomas J.— Ensign, U. S. S. "Pocahontas."
Raab, Gladys E.— U. S. Navy, Washington, D. C.
Rachon, Louis — 2d-class Yeoman, N. R. F.
Raczka, Anthony C. — Ist-class Fireman, U. S. "Ari-
zona."
Radecki, Edmund S.— 2d-class Yeoman, U. S. S. "Pre-
toria."
Rademacher, Albert J. — Ist-class Fireman, N. R. F.
Rafter, John T.— U. S. S. "Seattle."
Rail, Charles N.— Seaman, U. S. Merchant Marine.
Ralph, Walter F.— 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Rambath, Arthur J. — 2d-class Yeoman, N. R. F.
Ramsdell, Charles M.— Sailor, U. S. Genl. Gorges.
Ransom, Orel J. — Landsman, for Electrician, N. R. F.
Rapp, Edwin F. — Landsman, for Electrician, N. R. F.
Rapp, Robert C— Fireman, U. S. S. "Palmer."
Rasmus, Joseph — Seaman, U. S. S. "Lake Traverse."
Ratajczak, John — U. S. S. "Gushing."
Rathke, William H. — Landsman, for Machinist's Mate
(a), N. R. F.
Rathkoe, Edwin G. — Apprentice Seaman.
Ratuszny, Walter R. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
U. S. Navy
653
Ratz, Gordon L. — Landsman, for Electrician, N. R. F.
Raub, Norman W. — 2d-class Hospital Apprentice,
N. R. F.
Ray, John C. — Landsman, for Machinist's Mate (a),
N. R. F.
Raymond, Albert C— Chief Petty Officer, U. S. S.
"Norlina."
Raymond, Jack E. — Ist-class Machinist, U. S. S. "Le-
viathan."
Raymond, M. T. — Lieut., Junior Grade, N. R. F.
Read, Willett DeE. — Landsman, for Quartermaster (a).
Readl, Joseph E. — Apprentice Seaman.
Reagan, Edward M. — Ist-class Seaman, U. S. S.
"America."
Reagan, Francis J. — Apprentice Seaman.
Reagen, John F. — Apprentice Seaman, N. R. F.
Reahr, Clarence W. — Rifleman, Naval Rifle Range.
Reavey, Daniel P. — Chief Petty Officer, Naval Aviation.
Redmond, Leo E. — Cook, U. S. S. "Algonquin."
Reed, George L. — Apprentice Seaman, N. R. F.
Reed, Nelson McK. — 2d-c!ass Hospital Apprentice.
Reeder, Frank G.— Seaman, S. O. C.
Reese, Chas. F. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Reeser, Maxwell B. — Apprentice Seaman.
Reger, Frank X. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Reich, Joseph — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Reidy, Geo. B. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Reid, Joseph D. — Apprentice Seaman, N. R. F.
Rehbaum, Fred S. — 3d-class Fireman.
Reich, Joseph — 2d-class Seaman, U. S. S. "Indian-
apolis."
Reidel, Gustav E. — Apprentice Seaman, N. R. F.
Reidy, Ray D. — 2d-class Hospital Apprentice, N. R. F.
Reilly, Eugene C— Coxswain, U. S. "Avant."
Reilly, Frank A. — Apprentice Seaman.
Reilly, Henry V.— Chief Machinist's Mate, U. S. S.
"Von Steuben."
Reilly, Mortimer J. — Ist-class Seaman, U. S. S. "Bel-
lows."
Reimann, Edmund P. — 1st Lieut., U. S. S. "Medina."
Reiman, Edmund W. — Landsman, for Machinist's
Mate la), N. R. F.
Reiman, George S. — N. R. F.
Reiman, Hobart A. — Ist-class Hospital Apprentice,
N. R. F.
Reimer, William D. — 2d-class Storekeeper, Gt. Lakes.
Reimherr, Arthur C. — Landsman, for Carpenter's Mate
(ai, N. R. F.
Reindle, Leander G. — Landsman, for Machinist's Mate
(a), N. R. F.
Reinhardt,John A. — Landsman, for Carpentr's Mate (a).
Reinig, Raymond H. — 3d-class Fireman, N. R. F.
Reinstra, NichoIas^2d-class Machinist's Mate, U. S. S.
" Wadsworth."
Reipe, Raymond Theodore— Seaman, U. S. S. "Dale."
Reis, George — Seaman.
Reisch, Harry P. — Aerial Observer, U. S. S. " Arkansas."
Reisner, J. L. — Machinist.
Reisweber, Harry F.—Rad. Op., U.S. S. "West Indian."
Rente, Sidney R. — Landsman, for Machinist's Mate (a)
N. R. F.
Repka, Fred W. — Apprentice Seaman.
Repman, Fred — 2d-class Fireman, U. S. S. "Rochester."
Reter, Walter F. — Seaman.
Reynolds, Harold E. — Seaman, U. S. S. "Wisconsin."
Rhodes, F. J.— Ensign. N. R. F.
Rice, E. R.— Ensign, N. R. F.
Rice, Ernest A. — 2d-class Seaman.
Richardson, Milton G. — Comdg. School 2, Naval
Unit "J."
Richardson, Robert E. — Apprentice Seaman.
Richem, Joseph N. — Coppersmith.
Richert, Francis P. — Landsman, for Machinist's Mate,
N. R. F.
Richmond, George E. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Richter, Milton A.--2d-class Machinist's Mate, N.R.F.
Riciliginias, .Joseph — 2d-class Hospital Apprentice.
N. R. F.
Rickert, Arthur C. — Landsman.for Machinist's Mate(a).
Ricotta, John C— 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Riedel, Chas. V. — Landsman, for Machinist's Mate (a),
N. R. F.
Riegle, Royal J. — Apprentice Seaman, N. R. F.
Rielke, Herbert H. — Landsman, for Machinist's Mate
(a), N. R. F.
Riesdorph, Eugene G. — Apprentice Seaman, N. R. F.
Riley, James W. — 2d-class Yeoman, N. R. F.
Ritchie, Charles A. — Coxswain.
Riter. Walter F.— 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Riter, Milton E.— 2d-elass Seaman, N. R. F.
Roach, Norman J. — Quartermaster, U. S. S. "Los
Angeles."
Roach, Wm. T.- -Chief Yeoman, N. R. F.
Roberts, Harold C. — Apprentice Seaman.
Roberts, Harry E. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Roberts, James W. — Landsman, for Carpentr's Mate (a).
Roberts, John R. — Pvt., Naval Radio School.
Robertson, Fred J. — Radio Operator, U. S. S. "Ken-
tucky."
Robinson, Chas. E. — Landsman, for Electrician, N.R.F.
Robinson, Edward W. — Apprentice Seaman.
Robinson, Wesley C. — Landsman, for Machinist's Mate
(a), N. R. F.
Robson, George L. — 2d-class Hospital Apprentice.
Roche, Joseph M. — Machinist, N. R. F.
Rochester, DeLancey — Ensign, Dartmouth Naval Unit.
Rodwell, Robert E. — Landsman, for Electrician, N.R.F.
Roesch, Albert P. — Apprentice Seaman, N. R. F.
Rogers, Albert B.— Machinist's Mate, U. S. S. "Lake
Crescent."
Rogers, Anthony J. — Apprentice Seaman, N. R. F.
Rogers, Gardner S. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Rohde, Robert — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Rohde, Robert — Signalman, Hampton Roads, Va.
Rohl, Charles P. — Apprentice Seaman.
Rohnor, John F. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Roll, William F.— .3d-class Fireman, N. R. F.
Rollek, Joseph P. — 3d-class Gunner's Mate, N. R. F.
Rolls, Harry M. — Landsman, for Quartermaster (a).
Romalewski, Joseph — Apprentice Seaman.
Ronald, Sidney C. — Boatswain's Mate, N. R. F.
Rooney, James A. — 2d-class Musician.
654
Buffalo's Part in the World War
Rooney, Wm. J. — Landsman, for Machinist's Mate (a).
Root, Leon C. — Apprentice Seaman.
Root, Lyman R. — Apprentice Seaman, N. R. F.
Root, Raymond E. — 2d-class Carpenter's Mate, N.R.F.
Reran, John B. — Seaman, LI. S. S. "Geo. Washington."
Rose, Clark N.— Pvt., Coast Artillery School.
Rose, George T. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Rose, Roy N. — 2d-class Machinist, U. S. S. "Acobis."
Rosehart, Matthew A. — Oiler.
Rosemark, John — Sailor, U. S. S. "St. Louis."
Rosemark, John J. — Apprentice Seaman.
Rosen, Aaron — Landsman, Great Lakes.
Rosen, Robert— N. R. F.
Rosen, Michael — Landsman, for Quartermaster (a).
Rosenburg, Samuel B. — Apprentice Seaman, N. R. F.
Rosenkranz, Johnson R. — 2d-class Electrician, N. R. F.
Rosina, Louis — 2d-class Hospital Apprentice, N. R. F.
Ross, Arthur L. — Apprentice Seaman.
Ross, Henry M. — Apprentice Seaman.
Roth, Charles— U. S. S. "Indiana."
Roth, Cornelius — Coppersmith, Submarine Base, New
London.
Roth, Edward H.— Chief Yeoman (al, N. R. F.
Roth, Paul A. — Radio Electrician.
Rothfuss, George R.— Chief Yeoman, U. S. S. "Triton."
Rowe, Gordon — Ensign.
Rowen, Lester B. — 2d-class Seaman. N. R. F.
Roy, James E.— Pvt., U. S. Naval Radio.
Roy, Percy W. — Ist-class Radio Electrician, L^. S. S.
"Kiowa."
Ruben, Jack — Coal Passer Only, Pelham Bay.
Ruekert, Frederick — Machinist, N. R. F.
Rugg, Chester W. — Landsman, for Electrician, N. R. F.
Rugg, Richard P. — Machinist's Mate, Naval Base 18,
Scotland.
Ruggiero, Neil — Pvt., 3d Naval.
Ruhland, Andrew, Jr. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Ruhlman, Ruby M. — Landsman for Yeoman, N. R. F.
Rumbokl, Walter L. — Ist-class Carpenter, Naval Air
Station.
Rummell, Albert A. — Storekeeper, II. S. S. "Leviathan.
Runyan, Floyd D. — 2d-class Machinist's Mate, Great
Lakes, 5th Regiment.
Runyan, Lloyd W. — 2d-class Machinist's Mate, Naval
L'nit, U. of B.
Rush, Earl T.— 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Rusinski, .John — Watertender, LI. S. S. "Kentucky."
Russ. Walter L. — Seaman, Harvard Radio School.
Russell, Harry G.— Ist-class Petty Officer, U. S. S.
"Chicago."
Russell, W. P.— Petty Officer, U. S. S. "Kansas."
Ruth, George F. — 2d-class Fireman, U. S. S. "Iowa."
Ruth, Raymond J. — 2d-class Seaman Navy Rifle
Range.
Rutherford, James H. — Ist-class Yeoman. N. R. F.
Rutkowski, Frank — Apprentice Seaman.
Rutkow-ski, Stanley — 3d-class Fireman.
Ryan, D. Vincent — 3d-class Pharmacist's Mate.
Ryan, John J. — Sailor, U. S. S. "Apache."
Ryan, Robert N. — Landsman, for Machinist's Mate
(a), N. R. F.
Ryan, Thomas M. — Apprentice Seaman.
Rzepka, Joseph — Apprentice Seaman.
Rzeski, John W.— 2d-class Petty Officer, U. S. S.
"Pueblo."
Sabatino, Joel A. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Sabue, Carl L. — 3d-class Fireman.
Salarski, Walter J. — Ist-class Machinist's Mate, N.R.F.
Salelski, Fred W.— 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Salemi, Berny — Apprentice Seaman, N. R. F.
Sander, Joseph H. — Apprentice Seaman.
Sanders, Howard F. — Seaman, N. R. F.
Sandero, -Jacob C. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Sandey, Stanislaus G. — Apprentice Seaman.
Sandford, Walter M.— Ist-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Sapowitch, Morris — Landsman, for Electrician, N. R.F.
Sapowitch, Samuel — 2d-class Quartermaster, N. R. F.
Sargent, Frederick E. — 2d-class Electrician, Radio
Operator.
Sasten, George N. — 3d-class Fireman. N. R. F.
Sauer, Arthur J. — Landsman, for Carpenter's Mate (a).
Sauer, Edward J. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Sauer, Herbert C. — Seaman, U. S. S. "South Haven."
Saunders, Cecil C. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Saunders, John W. — Ist-class Yeoman, LT. S. S. "Los
Angeles."
Sauriello, Vincent A. — 2d-class Hospital Apprentice.
Sauter, Aloysius — Pvt., 7th U. S. Coast Guards.
Savage, George C. — Apprentice Seaman.
Saval, Andrew T. — Apprentice Seaman.
Savasta, Joseph — Quartermaster, 2d U.S. Coast Guards.
Saward, Ernest F. — Ist-class Seaman, U. S. S. "Rhode
Island" and "Aeolus."
Sawdye, Joseph A.— Petty Officer, U. S. S. "North
Carolina." Injured.
Sawers, George A. — 3d-class Fireman, N. R. F.
Scahill, Bernard A. — Apprentice Seaman.
Scalia, Anthony E. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Scanlor, Raymond D. — Chief Carpenter's Mate, U. S.
Naval Air Service.
Scarlett, Charles O.— 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Schaab, Edward L.— Cook, U. S. S. "Zeeland."
Schaab, Lawrence H. — Landsman, for Machinist's
Mate (a), N. R. F.
Schaal, Frederick V. — Landsman, for Electrician, N.R.F.
Schaack, Cyril E.— 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Schack, William— 3d-class Fireman, N. R. F.
Schaab, William A. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Schacht, Adolph G. — Landsman, for Electrician .
Schad, George F. — Coxswain.
Schaefer, Albert A.— 3d-class Fireman, N. R. F.
Schaefer, Anthony F. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Schaefer, George F.— Fireman, U. S. S. "City of South
Haven."
Schaefer, Harry— Landsman, for Quartermaster (a).
Schaefer, Karl G. — Instructor, Naval Air Craft.
Schaefer, Robert — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Schaefer, Simon — Ist-class Fireman.
Schaeffer, Eugene T.— Ist-class Carpenter's Mate, Pel-
ham.
Schaeffer, Franklin P. — Apprentice, Hospital Corps,
Newport, R. I.
U. S. Navy
655
Schafer, Rollen H.— Pvt., U. S. S. "New Jersey."
Schaff, Anthony C. — 3d-class Fireman, Receiving at
New York.
Schalk, Wm. — 3d-elass Fireman, U. S. S."Pocahontus."
Schaner, Christopher A. — Landsman, for E. G.
Schank, Clarence — Seaman, 5th Co., Naval 15th.
Schank, Dudley E. — Ist-class Yeoman, 29th Co.
Schank, Elmer F. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Schank, Frederick E. — Ist-class Seaman, Naval Prov-
ing Grounds.
Schaertel, Raymond C. — 2d-class Seaman, U. S. S.
"Vestal."
Schaertel, Walter M. — Ist-class Seaman, U. S. S.
"Melville."
Schaeztel, Walter M. — 2d-class Machinist's Mate.
Schaeztel, RajTnond C. — Apprentice Seaman.
Schattke, William J.— 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Schauf, Frank P. — Chief Gunner, Lake Gakama, Car-
diif, Wales.
Schebrowski, Albert J. — Cook, U. S. Submarine Chaser
202.
Scheldt, Albert — Fireman, U. S. S. "Alabama."
Scheibel, E. B.— Carpenter, N. R. F.
Scheiner, Alvin F. — Landsman, for Machinist's Mate
(a^ N. R. F.
Schell, Robert W.— 2d-class Machinist's Mate, N. R. F.
Schenkelberger, C. G. — Seaman.
Scheu, Walter J. — Landsman, for Electrician, N. R. F.
Scheublein, Henry A. — Boatswain, "Louisiana."
Schenkelberger, Clarence — Seaman, Co. L U. S. Coast
Guards.
Scherbautt, Charles M. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Scherer, Frank P. — 2d-class Machinist's Mate.
Scherer, Granville A. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Scherer, Robert H.— Warrant Officer, U. S. S. "Texas."
Scherer, R. H. — Gunner.
Scherer, William .J. — Seaman, U. S. S. "Gushing."
Schibrowski, Albert J. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Schiedle, Michael C— 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Schiffer, Edward O. — Apprentice Seaman.
Schiffer, Jacob — 2d-class Machinist's Mate, 5th Co.,
15th Regt.
Schilke, August — Apprentice Seaman.
Schilling, Nicholas A. — 2d-class Machinist's Mate.
Schlager, Joseph — U. S. S. "Bruce."
Schlageter, John W. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Schlattman, Lee C. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Schleidt, Edward McN.— 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Schlender, Everett J. — Landsman, for Electrician, N.
R. F.
Schlender, Joseph H. — Watertender, U. S. S. "Aphi-
trite."
Schlieder, Harley J. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Schlifke, Arthur P. — Landsman, for Carpenter's Mate (a)
Schlifke, Francis C. — Landsman, for Yeoman, N. R. F.
Schloerb, George W. — Apprentice Seaman.
Schloerb, Herman G. — 3d-class Yeoman, 6th U. S.,
N. R. F.
Schlup, Edward R. — Landsman, for Yeoman, Naval
Training Station, Newport, R. L
Schmelewski, Edw. S. — Apprentice Seaman.
Schmid, John F. — 2d-class Gunner.
Schmid, Philip — Apprentice Seaman.
Schmidhauser, Alfred — 2d-class Cook, U. S. Coast
Guard.
Schmidler, John E. — Apprentice Seaman, N. R. F.
Schmidlin, John E. — 2d-class Seaman, Cape May, N. J.
Schmidt, Albert J. — Chief Machinist, Naval Aviation.
Schmidt, Alexander H. — Landsman, for Electrician,
10th Co., 12th Regt.
Schmidt, Charles C— 6th Co., 7th Regt.
Schmidt, Edward C— 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Schmidt, Emil C. — Landsman, for Carpenter's Mate
(a), N. R. F.
Schmidt, Edwin C. — Apprentice Seaman.
Schmidt, F. F.— Pay Clerk, N. R. F.
Schmidt, Henry J. — Seaman.
Schmidt, John R. — Apprentice Seaman, N. R. F.
Schmidt, Edward— U. S. S. "Texas."
Schmidt, Walter H. — Apprentice Seaman.
Schmischki, Frederick W. — 3d-class Fireman.
Schmitt, George A.— Fireman, U. S. S. "Wilmette."
Schmitt, Henry — U. S. Navy, Operating Base Elec-
trical School.
Schmitt, John R.— Sailor, 46th Co., 12th Regt.
Schmitt, Louis J. — Ist-class Operating Hospital Ap-
prentice, U. S. Naval Hospital.
Schneggenberger, Walter A. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Schneggenburger, Frank — Chief Petty Officer, Naval
Base 27.
Schneggenbruger, Henry B. — 3d-class Fireman.
Schneider, Edward — Machinist's Mate, U. S. Naval
Air Station.
Schneider, Elmer N. — Seaman, U. S. Navy Base 29.
Schneider, Henry N. — Radio Operator, U. S. S. "Nan-
tasket."
Schneider, Howard O. — 2d-class Hospital Apprentice.
Schneider, Henry N. — Landsman, for Electrician, N.R.F.
Schneider, Nicholas W. — Apprentice Seaman.
Schnorr, Joseph — 139th Co., Naval Station.
Schoat, Charles G. — 2d-class Fireman.
Sehoembs, Elmer G. — Machinist, Canandaigua Naval
Base 18.
Schoen, Adolf E.— Charleston Navy Yards, S. C,
U. S. S. "Roe."
Schoen, Carl J. — Apprentice Seaman.
Schoenborn, Clarence — Ist-class Machinist's Mate,
Sub-chaser 50.
Schoenborn, Henry E. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Schoenfeld, Richard J.— Machinist's Mate, U. S. S.
"Constance."
Schoening, William — Apprentice Seaman.
Schoettle, Charles J.- Warrant Officer, U. S. S. "Cald-
well."
Schohn, Eugene C. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Schoorm, Louis, Jr. — 3d-class Ship's Cook, N. R. F.
Schopf, Homer G.— 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Schott, Edward H.— 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Schottke, Albert C— 2d-class Yeoman, N. R. F.
Schrader, Harry — N. R. F.
Schrader, James W.— Seaman, U. S. S. "Delphi."
Schreiber, Charles A. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
656
Buffalo's Part in the World War
Schremb, William— Seaman, " Madawacka."
Schrier, John W.— 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Schroeder, Arthur — Ist-class Seaman, Co. B, 4th Regt.,
Schubert, Frank— 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Schubert, William J. — Ist-class Petty Officer, Naval
Aviation.
Schueler, Andrew J. — 2d-class Fireman, U. S. S. "How-
ick Hall."
Schueler, John J. — Ist-class Quartermaster (a), U. S.
Naval Aviation.
Schuler, George J. — 2d-class Coppersmith, 48th Bat-
talion, 12th Regiment.
Schuler, John H. — 2d-class Seaman, U. S. S. "Newport
News."
Schuler, Mary F. — 2d-class Yeoman, N. R. F.
Schug, Anthony — Co. J, U. S. S. "Nebraska."
Schulmeyer, Anthony — U. S. S. "Sigourney."
Schulte, Albert W.— Co. .J, Navy, Pelham Bay.
Schultz, Barney—Gun Pointer, U. S. S. "C. T. Am-
phion."
Schultz, Chester C. — Apprentice Seaman, N. R. F.
Schultz, Edward P. — Seaman, Mine plant Barracks.
Schultz, Edward W. — Landsman, for Carpntr's Mate (a),
Schultz, Fred J. — Ist-class Machinist's Mate, League
Island Navy Yard.
Schultz, Harry R. — Fireman, Lake Ennis Engineer.
Schultz, Joseph — Ist-class Seaman, Pelham Bay Station.
Schultz, Max E. — Ist-class Seaman, U. S. S. "Downes."
Schultz, William— 2d-class'_ Seaman, U. S. S. "Ken-
tucky."
Schumacher, Aurelius H. — Machinist's Mate, Engineer,
U. S. Naval Aviation.
Schumke, JohnL. — 2d-class Hospital Apprentice, N.R.F.
Schunk, George F. — 3d-class Fireman.
Schurr, David F. — Apprentice Seaman, N. R. F.
Schuster, Louis J.— Petty Officer, Co. N, 15th Regt.
Schusterbauer, Robert J. — 2d-class Hospital Apprentice.
Schuter, John H. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Schutrum, Victor H. — 2d-class Machinist's Mate, U. S.
Naval Aviation.
Schutrum, Walter A. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Schwanekamp, Raymond J. — Ist-class Wireless Oper-
ator, U. S. S. "Pocahontas."
Schwartz, Elmer J.— 2d-class Pvt., Pelham Bay."
Schwartz, Geoige G. — Ist-class Storekeeper, N. R. F.
Schwartz, Harold P. --2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Schwartz, Henry J. — Landsman, for Electrician, N.R.F.
Schwartz, John F. — 2d-class Ship's Cook.
Schwartz, Leo M. E. — 2d-class Quartermaster, U. S.
Naval Aviation Base.
Schwartz, Oscar J. — 2d-class Machinist's Mate.
Schwartz, Robert C. — 3d-class Yeoman, N. R. F.
Schwarzenholzer, Chas. G.— Coxswain, U. S. S. "Mt.
Vernon." Torpedoed and sunk September 5, 1918.
Schweizer, Charles A. — Apprentice Seaman, N. R. F.
U. S. S. "Kearsarge."
Schworm, Louis — Machinist's Mate, U.S.S. "Oswego."
Sciandra, Charles — Apprentice Seaman.
Scinta, Joseph — Seaman, N. R. F.
Scocchera, Michael S. — 3d-class Carpenter's Mate, N.
R. F.
Scotch, Angelo J. — Pvt., Coast Guards.
Scott, James L. — Lieut., Lake Duncan.
Scott, Marvin D. — 2d-class Hospital Apprentice,N.R.F
Scribner, Conklin W. — Fireman, U. S. S. " Mount Ver-
non."
Scull, Alfred B.— Ensign.
Searles, Edward E. — 2d-class Machinist's Mate.
Searles, John H. — 2d-class Fireman, 544th Regt.
Sears, Carlton A. — Apprentice Seaman.
Seburn, Lloyd — Naval Training Camp.
See, William R. — Carpenter's Mate, Navy Base 19.
Seegar, Arthur F. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Seemann, Arthur H. — Ist-class Seaman, U. S. S. "Calu-
met."
Seemann, Fred W. — Ist-class Seaman, U. S. Navy
Rifle Range.
Segel, Louis — 2d-class Hospital Apprentice, N. R. F.
Seibel, William H. J.— Shipwright.
Seibert, Joseph — Apprentice Seaman.
Seibert, William A. — Apprentice Seaman.
Seigrist, William J. — Landsman, for Ship's Cook.
Seiller, H. A.— Lieut., U. S.
Seitz, Harold C— 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Selee, Edward C— 2d-elass Yeoman, U. S. S. "Seattle."
Seles, Edward C. — Apprentice Seaman.
Selleck, Melville C— Lieut., U. S. S. "William Ison."
Semram, Robert B. — 2d-class Seaman, U. S. S. "Mon-
golia."
Senf, Harold E.— 3d-class Fireman, U.S.S." Zeelandia."
Sensen, Daniel W. — Naval Aviation, U. S. S. "Carola."
Serio, Thomas S. — 2d-class Hospital Apprentice.
Serra, Carl — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Service, William P. — Landsman, for Electrician.
Shader, Charles E. — 2d-class Machinist's Mate.
Shafer, James H. — Fireman, U. S. S. "Shawmut."
Shanahan, Augustin J. — Apprentice Seaman.
Shanahan, John J., Jr. — 2d-class Seaman, U. S. Naval
Rifle Range.
Shank, Dudley E. — 2d-class Hospital Apprentice.
Shannon, John L. — Great Lakes Training School.
Shapiro, Hyinan — Great Lakes Station.
Shapley, John M. — Landsman, for Electrician, N. R. F.
Sharp, John L.— Chief Storekeeper, N. R. F.
Sharpe, Arthur T. — Landsman, for Electrician, N. R. F.
Shay, Bert — 2d-class Hospital Apprentice.
Shay, Frederick R. — 2d-class Hospital Apprentice,
Naval Training Station.
Shear, Norman W. — Landsman, for Machinist's Mate
(a), N. R. F.
Shearer, Arthur C— Seaman, U. S. S. "Mercury."
Shearer, Ralph H. — Seaman, Coast Guards 5.
Sheehan, Joseph V.— 2d Engineer, U. S. S. "Penguin."
Sheehan, Robert F.— Commander, U. S. S. "San
Diego."
Sheldon, Carew— 2d-elass Electrician, U. S. S. "C-336."
Sheltz, Francis H. — Landsman, for Machinist's Mate (a).
Shepard, Alan A.— Ist-class Petty Officer, Pelham Bay,
Naval Training Station.
Shepard, Clarence J. — Newport, R. I.
Shephard, Clares F.— U. S. S. "Oregonian."
Sherman, Russell W.— Fireman, 2d Co., Coast Guards.
U. S. Navy
657
Shields, William J. —Seaman, N. R. F.
Shill, Sidney C. — Pharmacist, U. S. S. "Pennsylvania."
Shinholser, William T. — Landsman, for Machinist's
Mate (a), N. R. F.
Shock, Matthew — .3d-class Fireman, N. R. F.
Shock-ley, Karl C— 3d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Shoiver, Joseph R.— Lieut., A. S. S. C.
Shubert, William J. — Landsman, for Quartermaster (a,l.
Shuder, Jacob F. — Apprentice Seaman.
Shultis, Fred H. — Landsman, for Yeoman.
Shultz, Edward P.— 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Sidway, Ralph H. — Chief Quartermaster, Naval Avia-
tion.
Siebe, Griffith E.— 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Signer, Irving J. — Sgt., Ship Repair LTnit No. L
Sigrist, Albert C. — Co.xswain, Federal Rendezvous.
Sigrist, Elmer — 3d-class Quartermaster, U. S. S. "Am-
phituts."
Silverberg, Edwin F. — 2d-class Seaman, U. S. S. "Padu-
cat."
Simbeck, Edmund H. — Apprentice Seaman.
Siminski, George — 3d-class Fireman.
Simmonds, Reginald W. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. B".
Simon, Charles J.— U. S. S. "Schley."
Simon, Frank V. — Seaman, U. S. S. "Carola."
Simon, Ross C. — 2d-class Machinist, U. S. S. "Mt.
Vernon."
Simon, Walter — Pvt., Radio Detachment.
Simon, Harold D. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Sinclair, Arthur J. — Seaman, N. R. F.
Sindzinski, Joseph C. — 3d-class Fireman.
Sippel, Raymond G. — Petty Officer, Naval Air Service.
Sisti, Daniel J. — 2d-class Hospital Apprentice.
Siudzinski, Joseph C. — 2d-class Engineman, U. S. S.
"Jarvis."
Size, Frank M. — Landsman, for Quartermaster, (a).
Skalski, Joseph L — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Skelly, Lawrence J. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Skimmer, Edward F.-U. S. S. "Kentucky."
Slocum, George E. — Ist-class Electrician, N. R. F.
Slocum, Robert — 2d-class Seaman, U. S. S. "Fanning."
Slocum, Robert A. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Slominski, Edward F. — 2d-class Machinist's Mate (a),
N. R. F.
Slo.=berg, Bertram H. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Slowinski, Stephen J. — Apprentice Seaman.
Smalian, Charles L. — 2d-class Seaman. N. R. F.
Small, Edward — 2d-class Machinist's Mate, N. R. F.
Small, William — Watertender.
Small, Percy E.— 7th Co., U. S. Coast Guards.
Smering, Normal F. — U. S. S. "Mariana."
Smieszny, Leo F. — Apprentice Seaman, N. R. F.
Smith, Albert D.— Chief Boatswain, U. S. S." Virginia."
Smith, Alfred J.— 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Smith, Carl H. — 2d-class Hospital Apprentice.
Smith, Charles C— Chief Watertender, U. S. S.
"Champlin."
Smith, Charles A. — Electrician, U. S. Naval Training
Station.
Smith, Chester H.— 2d-class Machinist's Mate, N.R.F.
Smith, Chester J. — Seaman, U. S. S. "Fahning."
Smith, Clarence H. — Fireman, LI. S. S. "Agamemnon."
Smith, Claud M. — Ist-class Seaman, U. S. S. "Beau-
iort."
Smith, Donald— U. S. N. R. F.
Smith, Earl C— U. S. S. "Powhatan."
Smith, Edward J.— U. S. S. "Conesus."
Smith, Edward W.— 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Smith, Edwin L. — Engineman, U. S. S. "Oregon."
Smith, Fennel— Yeoman, U. S. S. "Black Hawk."
Smith, Ellen F. — Yeoman, Buffalo Recruiting Office.
Smith, George C. — Landsman, for Electrician, N. R. F.
Smith, George E. — U. S. S. "Arkansas."
Smith, George F., Jr. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Smith, George G. — Naval Cadet School.
Smith, George G. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Smith, Harry C, Jr. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Smith, Harold F. — Apprentice Seaman.
Smith, Harold H. — Machinist, U. S. Navy Aviation.
Smith, Henry E. — Coxswain, Co. B, Great Lakes Naval
Training Station.
Smith, Herbert R. — 3d-class Fireman.
Smith, Howard — Seaman, N. R. F.
Smith, James L — Landsman, for Electrician.
Smith, James S. — 3d-class Fireman.
Smith, John C. — Apprentice Seaman.
Smith, John J.— U. S. C. G., 4th Co., U. S. S. "Calu-
met."
Smith, Joseph F. — Apprentice Seaman.
Smith, Joseph F. — Seaman, Air Station, Brest.
Smith, Lathrop P. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Smith, Leon D.— 2d-class Ship Fitter.
Smith, L. Milton — Landsman, for Electrician, Radio
Service, U. S. S. "Castalia."
Smith, Nicholas J. — Apprentice Seaman, N. R. F.
Smith, Olive E. — Landsman, for Yeoman, N. R. F.
Smith, Otto R.— 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Smith, Raymond O. — 2d-class Machinist's Mate.
Smith, Stanley E.--2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Smith, Walter H.— Naval Mail Clerk, U. S. S. "Wiscon-
sin."
Smoker, Frank D., Jr. — Apprentice Seaman.
Smyczynski, Jos. S. — Apprentice Seaman, N. R. F.
Snyder, Floyd J. — Landsman, for Radio, N. R. F.
Sobkowiak, Frank E.— U. S. S. "Carolina."
Sode, Norman T. — Apprentice Seaman.
Sokody, Stephen — Quartermaster, LI. S. S. "Texas."
Sokolowski, John R. — U. S. S. "Tuscarora."
Solorski, Walter J. — 2d-class Seaman, U. S. S. " Mada-
waska."
Solootta, William — Apprentice Seaman.
Sommers, Thomas J. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Soukup, Fred J. — Ist-class Seaman, Co. B, 22d.
Soule, Franklin J. — Apprentice Seaman.
Southall, Arthur M. — Chief Yeoman, Naval M. L.
Spadinger, Jerome F. — Apprentice Seaman.
Spalding, Ira D. — Landsman, for Quartermaster (a).
Spangenthal, Edwin B. — 2d-class Hospital Apprentice.
Spann, C. Jr. — Machinist's Mate, U. S. "Virginia."
Spaulding, Burdell — Naval Aviation.
Spaulding, Harlan A. — Landsman, for Electrician,
N. R. F.
658
Buffalo's Part in the World War
Spawton, Nelson J. — Seaman, Co. B, 5th Regiment.
Spear, Ray W.— N. R. F.
Specyal, Albert W. — Seaman, U. S. S. "Calumet."
Spencer, Edward J. — 3d-class Fireman, Navy.
Spencer, Frank H. — Apprentice Seaman, Navy.
Spies, Edmund A. — Landsman, for Quartermaster la).
Spingler, Arthur F.— Chief Machinist's Mate, U. S. S.
"Maine."
Spizzirri, Charles A. — 2d-class Hospital Apprentice,
N. R. F.
Sprickman, Louis W. — Ist-class Boatswain's Mate.
Sredrinski, John — Coxswain, U. S. S. "Chester."
Sredrinski, Ladislaus~-3d Officer, Navy, LT. S. S. "West
Arrow."
Stachowiak, Stanley — Apprentice Seaman, Naval
Reserve.
Stafford, J. — 3d-class Carpenter's Mate, U. S. Navy
Air Service.
Stairitski, J. F. — Gunner.
Staley, Harry— Ist-class Oiler, U. S. S. "Plattsburg."
Stanbro, Gordon C— 2d-class Seaman, Radio Div.,
U. S. S. "Arkansas."
Stanke, Charles— K-2.
Stankowski, Edmund J. — Apprentice Seaman.
Stapleton, Raymond G. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Stark, Walter — Apprentice Seaman.
Stasio, Anthony — Landsman, for Quartermaster (a).
Stearns, Carl L., Jr. — Apprentice Seaman.
Stearns, Clark D. — Commander.
Steele, Hanford J.— Steward, U. S. S. "Dingley."
Stefanski, Bronislaus — Apprentice Seaman.
Stefanski, Brownie— LT. S. S. "McKee."
Stefifens, Milton W.— 2d-class Seaman, U. S. S. "Con-
stellation."
Stehhn, Arthur L. — Seaman, Co. A, Naval, 5th Regt.
Stigerwald, Howard H. — Pvt., U. S. Naval Air Station.
Steinbach, J. J. — Ist-class Machinist. Submarine.
Steinmiller, John C. — Landsman, for Quartermaster (a).
Stellrecht, Carl J. — 2d-class Electrician, LT. S. "Housa-
tonic."
Stelter, Stephen — Apprentice Seaman.
Stemplewski, John W. — 2d-class Seaman.
Stenclik, John F. — Landsman, for Electrician, N. R. F.
Stephan, Willard — Ist-class Quartermaster, U. S. Naval
Aviation.
Stephen, Harry V. — Seaman, U. S. S. "Mt. Vernon."
Torpedoed and sunk September 15. 1918.
Steve, Edward J. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Stevens, Avery T.
Stevens, Earl H. — 2d-class Hospital Apprentice.
Stevens, Merritt G. — 2d-class Hospital Apprentice.
Stewart, Chester C. — 2d-class Yeoman, N. R. F.
Stewart, Charles H.— Ist-class Petty Officer, U. S. S.
"New York."
Stewart, Melvin C. — Landsman, for Electrician, N. R.F
Stewart, Stirling P. — Nautical, Newport.
Stiegman, Oscar E. — 2d-class Machinist's Mate, N.R.F.
Stievater, Leonard F. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Stierly, John P. — 3d-class Carpenter's Mate, N. R. F.
Stiker, Clement F. — Ist-class Carpenter's Mate, Pensa-
cola, Fla.
Still, Hobart T. — Landsman, for Carpenter's Mate (a),
N. R. F.
Stinchomb, Frank E.— Lieut., U. S. S. "Salem."
Stokes, Hugh W. — Apprentice Seaman.
Storer, Olive F. — Apprentice Seaman.
Storm, John, Jr. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Storrer, Roy Jacob — 2d-class Fireman.
Storer, Fred J. — 2d-class Machinist's Mate, N. R. F.
Springier, Arthur F. — 2d-class Machinist's Mate.
Stoijny, Bronislaus F. — Apprentice Seaman.
Stoner, Bryan D. — Seaman, Hudson.
Stouten, John B. — 2d-class Quartermaster, U. S. S.
"Hildegarde."
Straesner, Fred J. — U. S. S. "Iowa." Injured on ship
November 9, 1918.
Strasser, Charles H.
Stressinger, Earl L. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Striegel, Raymond J. — Ist-class Hos. App. N. R. F.
Striker, Hewitt E. — 2d-class Quartermaster, U. S.
Naval Aviation.
Stuichomb, Frank — Ist-class Gunner's Mate.
Stull, F. Edward— A. S. M. M. A., Co. C, N. R. F.
Stroman, Allen G. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Strong, Frank J. — Landsman, for L. M. (a).
Stroziwski, Felix — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Strunk, Carl J. — 3d-class Fireman.
Sturm, Clarence E. — 3d-class Fireman.
Sturm, FYed J. — Landsman, for Ship's Cook, N. R. F.
Sturner, John C. — Machinist's Mate, N. R. F.
Stutz, Arthur William — Apprentice Seaman.
Stygall, James H. — 1st Lieut., IT. S. Medical Reserve.
Suchowski, Walter — Coal Passer Only.
Suckow, Harvey H. — Landsman, for Machinist's Mate
(a), Naval Aviation.
Sugg, Edwin H. G.— U. S. Naval Air Station.
Suidzinski, Joseph C. — U. S. S. "Jarvis."
Sulik, Edwin J. — U. S. S. "Iowa."
Sullivan, Donald F. — Chief Boatswain's Mate, N. R. F.
Sullivan, Edward J. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Sullivan, Frank J. — Apprentice Seaman, N. R. F.
Sullivan, Frank W. — Landsman, for Electrician.
Sullivan, James E. — 2d-class Fireman, U. S. S. "Ohio."
Sullivan, James F. — U. S. S. "Minnesota."
Sullivan, John P., Jr. — Corpsman, Great Lakes Station
Hospital.
Sullivan, Michael T.— 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Summer, Clarence W. — Landsman, for Q'rtermaster (a).
Sunblom, John A. — Boatswain, LT. S. S. "Siboney."
Sutclifle, Thomas D. — 2d-class Fireman.
Sutherland, Charles J.— Chief Yeoman, N. R. F.
Sutton, Charles W. — Fireman, U. S. S. "Princess
Mataeka."
Sutton, Hoover C. — Landsman, for Machinist's Mate
(a). Great Lakes Station.
Swallow, Irving H. — Landsman, for Electrician.
Swan, Edward J. — Ist-class Machinist's Mate, U. S. S.
"Maine."
Swan, Raymond B. — Observer, Naval Aviation.
Swan, Raymond W. — Landsman, for Mach. Mate (a).
Swannie, George W. — Ist-class Yeoman, Transport
"Mobile."
U. S. Navy
659
Sweeney, Daniel J. — Seaman, U. S. S. "Henley."
Sweeney, Daniel J. — 3d-class Fireman.
Sweeney, John J. — Apprentice Seaman, N. R. F.
Sweet, Ralph M. — Ist-class Petty Officer, Transport.
Swerdlaff, Max M. — Petty Officer, Navy, Engineer
Corps, Mechanic, Unit 5.
Swyers, George A. — 2d-class Fireman.
Synorack, Leon — Chief Gunner, U. S. S. "Rainbow."
Synoracki, Leo — Coxswain.
Syskiewicz, Frank J. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Szafranski, Casimir J. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Szapowski, Michael H. — 3d-class Fireman.
Szaroleta, .John— Coal Passer Only, U. S. S. " Mohican."
Szat, Anthony M. — Apprentice Seaman.
Szczepanski, Bernard — 2d-class Fireman.
Szczepanski, Leon — Apprentice Seaman.
Szczypior, William — Apprentice Seaman.
Szezpiorski, John — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Szkudlarek, Michael — Coal Passer.
Szmania, Joseph — Chief Machinist.
Szmania, Walter— U. S. S. "Newton"— N. T. O. S.
Szniania, Joseph B. — 2d-class Machinist's Mate.
Szramkowski, Joseph — Apprentice Seaman.
Szwsrc, Frank J. — Apprentice Seaman.
Szyminski, Andrew J. — 3d-class Fireman.
Taft, Fred M.— 2d-class Fireman, U. S. S." Mayflower."
Tafter, John T.— 3d-class Fireman.
Tagliarin, Peter— Sailor, S. M. S. "Verilus."
Talbot, Russell G.— Seaman, U. S. S. "Mt. Vernon."
Tangelder, Leonard — Ist-class Gunner's Mate, U. S.
Navy Air Service, Great Lakes, 111.
Tanner, Donald C. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Tarano, Thomas J. — Landsman, for Quartermaster.
Tarbox, Lear B. — 3d-class Fireman.
Tarnowski, Aloysius G. — Apprentice Seaman.
Taschenberg, Clarence — Apprentice Seaman.
Tauriello, Vincent A. — 3d-class Pharmacist, U. S. Naval
Hospital.
Taurielo, Joseph M. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Taylor, Fred A. — Apprentice Seaman.
Taylor, Frederick M. — Ist-class Machinist's Mate.
Taylor, Richard W.— 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Taylor, William McK. — Apprentice Seaman, N. R. F.
Teach, J. H.— Lieut., Junior Grade, N. R. F.
Temple. Curtis L. — Ist-class Machinist's Mate, N. R. F.
Tenjost, William P. — Landsman, for Electrician,
N. R. F.
Terhorst, John T.— 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Terry, John S.— 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Testa, J. C. — Seaman.
Testa, Samuel G. — Apprentice Seaman, N. R. F.
Thaler, Leo C— 2d-class Machinist's Mate, N. R. F.
Theisen, Herbert M. — Seaman, U. S. S. "President."
Thieman, Roy A. — U. S. S. "Warrington."
Thiess, Clarence G. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Thomas, John V.— Warrant Officer, U. S. S. "Chicago."
Thomas, Joseph R. — Apprentice Seaman.
Thomas, Stephen — Apprentice Seaman, N. R. F.
Thomas, Willard T.— 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Thompson, Charles — 2d-elass Machinist's Mate.
Thompson, Mark C. — Watertender, U. S. S. "Liberty."
Thompson, Randolph H. — Gunner, U.S.S. "Beaufort."
Thompson, Robert C. — Hospital Apprentice, U. S. N.
Hospital, Newport, R. L
Thomson, James — 2d-class Seaman, U. S. N. Air Serv.
Thuman, Joseph J. — Chief Yeoman.
Tice, Lawson M. — Machinist's Mate, U. S. S. "Black
Hawk."
Tick, Leonard H.— Section Chief, N. R. F.
Tiebe, Griffith E.— Tailor, U. S. S. "Commerce."
Tierney, Roy J. — Ist-class Seaman.
Tighe, Edmund J. — Landsman, for Electrician, N. R.F.
Tilley, John H.— Seaman, U. S. S. "Taniwha."
Tischendorf, Edmund P. — Landsman, for Electrician.
Tobin, Catherine M. — Landsman, for Yeoman, N.R.F.
Tobin, .James P.— Chief Machinist's Mate, N. R. F.
Todd, Howard J.— Quartermaster, U. S. S. "C-177."
Tolfree, H. M. — Assistant Surgeon.
Tompkins, Howard — Ist-class Electrician. N. R. F.
Tonning, Erling — Shipwright.
Toomey, John B.— N. R. F.
Torpy, Leon V. — 2d-class Hospital Apprentice.
Towne, Oscar Wm. M. — Apprentice Seaman.
Townsend, Richard E.
Townsend, William J. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Tracy, Duane B. — Radio Electrician.
Tracy, William J.— 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Trierweiler, Joseph — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Treusch, William B. — Landsman, for Machinist's Mate,
N. R. F.
Troidl, Joseph C. — Landsman, for Machinist's Mate,
N. R. F.
Tronolone, Caesar — Apprentice Seaman, N. R. F.
Trumbull, Ghordis D. — Apprentice Seaman.
Tubridy, John J. — Apprentice Seaman, N. R. F.
Tucholka, Joseph J. — Apprentice Seaman, N. R. F.
Tucker, Fred W.— 2d-class Machinist's Mate, U. S. S.
"Rochester."
Tucker, Henry E. — Landsman, for Ship's Cook, N. R.F.
Tugend, E. J. — Ensign.
Tullar, Clyde Edward — Shipwright.
Tumins, Herbert R. — Landsman, for Electrician.
Tumins, Herbert R. — Landsman, for Electrician.
Turner. Duncan — Chief Quartermaster, N. R. F.
Turner, Elmer — Quartermaster, U. S. Navy Base 27.
Turner, Frederick — 2d-class Quartermaster, U.S.N.A.S.
Killingholnie, England.
Turner, Wilbur J. — Ist-class Electrician, N. R. F.
Turner, William P. — 3d-class Electrician Radio, U. S. S.
"Illinois."
Tyrell, Martin E. — Ist-class Hospital Apprentice,
N. R. F.
Tyrell, Sidney G.— U. S. Guard.
Uhlman, Alvin F. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Lllewski, Wm. J. — 3d-class Fireman, N. R. F.
Ulrich, Carl F. — Ist-class Cook, Newport, R. I.
Ulrich, Chas. F. — Lieut. Commander, Commanding
Navy Recruiting Station.
Ulrich, Leonard C. — Ist-class Yeoman, Navy Recruit-
ing Service.
Ulrich, Louis W. — Ist-class Carpenter's Mate, Naval
Air Station.
660
Buffalo's Part in the World War
Ulrich, Max A. — Ist-class Petty Officer, Naval Avia'n.
Utz, Clark E. — Seaman, Great Lakes.
Vadikin, Geo. W. — Ist-class Hospital Apprentice,
N. R. F.
Valley, George — 2cl-class Ship Fitter.
Van Allen, William — 2d-class Petty Officer, Naval Air
Service.
Van Auken, Raymond — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Van Duzer, IVIerrill S. — Landsman, for Carpenter's
IVIate (a).
Van Vleet, Chas. .J. — Landsman, for Electrician, N.R.F.
Vars, Addison F. — Ensign, U. S. S. "Leviathan."
Vastola, Gabriel J. — 2d-class Hospital Apprentice, U. S.
S. "Leviathan."
Vater, Albert— 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Venditto, Dominik — Hoboken.
Venneman, Harold S. — Carpenter's Mate (a), N. R. F.
Ventola, Nicholas — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Vickery. Arthur W. — Seaman, U. S. S. "Sheridan."
Vincent, R. W. — Commander.
Vincent, Viola E. — Landsman, for Yeoman, N. R. F.
Vine, George T. — Landsman, for Electrician, N. R. F.
Vitella, Victor— U. S. S. "Indiana."
Viur, George — Yeoman, U. S. S. "Commodore."
Vogelson, Elmer C. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Vogelsong, W. A. — Lieut., Junior Grade.
Vogt, Norman H. — Apprentice Seaman, N. R. F.
Vogt, Paul A. — Landsman, for Electrician.
Volker, Albert A.— Landsman, for Machinist's Mate (a)
N. R. F.
Von Scheldt, Albert J.— 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Von Scheldt, Arthur H.— 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Von Scheidt, Herbert J.— U. S. S. "Arizona."
Von, Vincent — Apprentice Seaman.
Von Ritter, Frederick A. — Apprentice Seaman.
Von Wrycya, Vincent — Ist-class Engineer.
Voss, Warren H. — Landsman, for Carpenter's Mate (a),
N. R. F.
Voss, Walther H. — 2d-class Seaman, Navy, 9th Batt'n.
Vosseler, Olive C. — Apprentice Seaman.
Vosteen, Boardman E. — Chief Yeoman, N. R. F.
Vought, Schyler V. P.— Coxswain, U. S. S. "C-89."
Vozga, Wenzel — Apprentice Seaman.
Waag, Edwin F. — 3d-class Fireman, N. R. F.
Waeker, Charles S.— U. S. S. "Constellation."
Wacker, Clayton A. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Waeker, -John M.— 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Waclawak, Frank J. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Wade, Harry W. — Apprentice Seaman.
Wadleigh, George E. — Apprentice Seaman, N. R. F.
Wagner, Charles J. — Apprentice Seaman.
Wagner, Fred C— 2d-class Engineer, U. S. S. "Hart-
ford."
Wagner, Fred E. — Landsman, for Electrician, N. R. F.
Wagner, George — Seaman, U. S. "Hopkins."
Wagner, George E. — Coal Passer.
Wagner, Henry O. — 2d-class Seaman, U. S. Naval Avia.
Wagner, Harry C. — Apprentice Seaman.
Wagner, Norman P. — 2d-class Yeoman, Great Lakes S.
Wagner, Peter— Chief Petty Officer, U. S. S. "Chester."
Injured September, 1918.
Wagner, Walter — Pvt., U. S. Navy Rifle Range.
Wagner, William — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Waites, James J. — 2d-class Machinist's Mate.
Waldow, Charles J. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Waldorf, Fred W.— Fireman, U. S. S. "Davis."
Walker, Fred C— 2d-class Machinist's Mate, U. S. S.
"Wisconsin."
Walker, James R. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Walker, Richard J. — Yeoman, I, Yeoman School.
Walkowiak, John F.— Pvt., U. S. Naval Air Station.
Wallace, Frank B. — 2d-class Machinist's Mate, Naval
Air Service.
Wallace, Fred J.— Ist-class Petty Officer, U. S. S.
" George Washington."
Wallade, William G. — Landsman, for Carpenter's Mate
(a), N. R. F.
Wallberg, Frank G. — 3d-class Fireman, N. R. F.
Wallens, Marcus — 2d-class Hospital Apprentice, N.R.F.
Walsh, Archibald J. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Walsh, Edwin C. — 2d-class Electrician, Naval Training
Station, Newport, R. I.
Walsh, Edward A. — Seaman, U. S. S. "Barnegat." In-
jured December 6th.
Walsh, Frank J. — Apprentice Seaman, N. R. F.
Walsh, Frank— Petty Officer, U. S. N. R. F. Injured
Novembers, 1918.
Walsh, Francis N. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Walsh, John A. — Seaman, Navy Yard, Boston.
Walsh, Michael J. — Landsman, for Machinist's Mate
(a), N.R.F.
Walsh, Thomas L. — Chief Yeoman, Navy Recruiting
Station, Buffalo.
Walsh, Michael J. — Machinist's Mate, Aviation, Naval
Training Station, Great Lakes, 111.
Walsh, Richard J.— 2d-class Engineer, U. S. S. " Mid-
dlesex."
Walsh, Stanley— Oiler, U. S. S. "Mercury."
Walsh, William B. — 2d-class Machinist's Mate.
Walter, Adam — 2d-elass Electrician, U. S. Sub. Base.
Walter, Adam — Landsman, for Electrician.
Walter, Chester G.— U. S. S. "Missouri."
Walter, Frank J. — Apprentice Seaman, N. R. F.
Walter, Joseph — 2d-class Seaman, U. S. Naval Base.
Walter, William H.— Electrician, 1010 Naval Base.
Walters, Edmund M. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Walters, Edwin R. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Walz, Clarence D.— U. S. S. "Parthenia," Sub. L-4.
Walz, Joseph — Coxswain, U. S. Coast Guard.
Wamsley, Paul — Landsman, for Carpenter's Mate (a).
Wanda, Wladyslaw — U. S. S. "New Hampshire."
Wanda, Walter W. — Apprentice Seaman, Navy.
Wander, William M. — Landsman, for Electrician,
N. R. F.
Ward, John L. — Machinist, G, 5th Regiment, Great
Lakes.
Warda, Leo — Apprentice Seaman.
Wardzinski, John — Ist-class Machinist's Mate, U. S. S.
"Bridgeport."
Wardzinski, Michael — Ist-class Gunner's Mate, U. S.
S. "Aroostook."
Wargula, Walter J. — Apprentice Seaman.
U. S. Navy
661
Wark, Robert A. — Apprentice Seaman.
Wark, Allan B.— 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Warner, Hadley P. — Radio Operator, U. S. S. "Lake
Catherine."
Wassinger, Joseph W. — Apprentice Seaman.
Waterbury, Howard V. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Waters, Thomas M. — 2d-class Fireman.
Watson, John S.— 2d-elass Seaman, U. S. N. R. F.
Watson, Myron J. — Electrician, U. S. S. "Missis-
sippi."
Wattengel, James L. — Ist-class Machinist's Mate,
N.R. F.
Waiters, Edmund M. — 2d-class Seaman, Isolation Co. 4.
Wallers, Thomas M. — mine Layer, U. S. S. "Saranac."
Watts, Ralph— 3d-class Fireman, N. R. F.
Wayman, Richard W. — 3d-class Fireman.
Webb, H. G.— Ensign, U. S. N. R. F. (Pay Corps).
Weber, Alfred — 2d-class Machinist's Mate.
Weber, Carl W.— 3d-class Pharmacist's Mate, U. S. S.
"Scalia."
Weber, Carl E. — Ist-class Fireman, U. S. S. "Advocet."
Weber, Edward F. — Seaman.
Weber, Frank H. — Landsman, for Machinist's Mate (a)
N. R. F.
Weber, Francis X. — Apprentice Seaman.
Weber, Harry—Carpenter's Mate, U. S. S. "Colfax."
Weber, Howard L. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Weber, John A. — Watertender, Naval (Reserve) N.R.F.
Weber, John H.— Chief Petty Off., U. S. S. "Saranac."
Weber, John V. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Weber, Leon F. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Weber, Willie L.— Sailor, U. S. S. "New Mexico."
Webster, Douglas G. — Seaman, Puget Sound Navy Yd.
Webster, Richard S. — Landsman, for Machinist's Mate
(a), N. R. F.
Wechter, Vincent L.— Radio Operator, U. S. S. "Okla-
homa."
Wedlake, Lee H. — Apprentice Seaman.
Weed, William J. — Landsman, for Electrician.
Wegener, Louis K. — Ist-class Yeoman, Charleston
Navy Yard.
Wegman, Herman — 2d-class Fireman, N. R. F.
Wehner, Leo E.— Seaman, U. S. S. " Mallory."
Weifenbach, Fred — Landsman, for Machinist's Mate
(a), N. R. F.
Weig, Charles N. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Weinig, Carlyle A. — Chief Quartermaster, N. R. F.
Weinholtz, Christian J.— Ist-class C. C, U. S. S. "Il-
linois."
Weinsheimer, Arthur E. — Pvt., LT. S. N. Aviation.
Weinstein, Joseph A. — Yeoman, LT. S. S. "Tacoma."
Weisansal, Anthony I. — 3d-class Fireman.
Weiser, Carl A. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Weiss, Carl L. — Pelham Bay.
Weiss, John O.— Petty Officer, U. S. S. "Zeelandia."
Weiss, Russell L. — Apprentice Seaman.
Weiss, William E. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Wekeman, Albert J. — Apprentice Seaman, N. R. F.
Welch, Stuart C— Lieut., U. S. Air Service.
Welch, Rupert W. — Yeoman, U. S. S. "Minneapolis."
Injured January 3, 1917.
Welch, Sherwood C. — Ist-class Machinist's Mate (a),
2d Navy Aero Detachment.
Welker, Howard C. — 2d-class Quartermaster, N. R. F.
Welkner, Charles C. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Weller, Melvin D. — Landsman, for Quartermaster (a).
Weller, William C. — 3d-class Fireman.
Wellington, George W.— U. S. S. "Florida."
Wellman, William M.— Ist-class Blacksmith, U. S.
Naval Aviation.
Wells, Benjamin F. — Landsman, for Ship's Cook,
N. R. F.
Wells, Benjamin— Cook, U. S. S. "De Kalb."
Wells, Charles E. — Apprentice Seaman.
Welsh, Wilson N. — Apprentice Seaman.
Welsh, Leonard J. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Wendling, Alexander — Oiler, N. R. F.
Wensley, William J. — 2d-class Ship Fitter.
Werler, Emerick — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
West, Glenn E. — Landsman, for Electrician, N. R. F.
Westfall, Willard J. — Seaman, Naval Air Station.
Westphal, Gustave A. — Landsman, for Cook.
Westphal, Leonard F. — Coal Passer.
Westmiller, Walter H. — Quartermaster, U. S. S.
"Manta."
Wetby, Frank H.— Ist-class Machinist's Mate, U. S. S.
Sub-chaser 306.
Wetter, Harry J. — 3d-class Fireman, U. S. S. " Kansas."
Weydman, Charles B. — Seaman, 3, U. S. Coast Guards.
Whalen, Matthew J. — Landsman, for Quartermaster (a).
Wharton, Theodore — 2d-class Seaman.
Wheaton, Richard R. — 2d-class Machinist's Mate,
U. S. S. "Kermoor."
Wheeler, Alfred M. — Ist-class Fireman, U. S. S.
"Acushnet."
Wheeler, Chilion F.— Capt., Kelly Field, Texas.
Wheeler, Raymond — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Whipple, Arden C. — 2d-class Electrician.
White, Alburn C— 2d-class Hospital Apprentice.
White, Isaac M. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
White, Jerome — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
White, Millard J. — Seaman, U. S. S. "Chenampa."
White, Richard C— Lieut., Junior Grade, N. R. F.
White, Thomas H.— Machinist's Mate, U. S. S. "Rain-
bow."
White, Wilbur S.— 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Whitehead, Van Loan — Ensign, Naval Aviation.
Whitelock, Earl — Landsman, for Electrician, N. R. F.
Whitmer, Earl G.— N. R. F.
Whittemore, Frank G. — Landsman, for Machinist's
Mate (ai.
Whittington, Leon M. — Ist-class Seaman, U. S. S.
"Gold Shell."
Wick, Ralph T. — Apprentice Seaman.
Wickden, George F. — Apprentice Seaman.
Wickham, William F. — 2d-class Seaman.
Wickson, Howard L. — 2d-class Pharmacist's Mate,
U. S. S. "Mercy."
Wickson, Robert M. — 2d-class Hospital Apprentice.
Widsinski, Adam C. — Seaman, U. S. S. "Gulfport."
Widzenski, Julius J. — U. S. S. "Birmingham."
Wieezkowski, Michael — Pelham Bay.
662
Buffalo's Part in the World War
Wieebowski, Stanislaus— U. S. S. "Walke."
Wieczkowski, Michael F.— 3d-class Fireman.
Wiggins, Jack — Seaman, Repair Base, Naval Aviation.
Wiggins, John P. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Wiggins, Robert N. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Wigle, Elden G.— 2d-class Machinist's Mate.
Wilcock, W. C— Ensign.
Wilcox, Gordon G. — Landsman, for Electrician, N.R.F.
Wilcox, Howard — Apprentice Seaman, N. R. F.
Wilcox, Joseph R.— Ist-class Fireman, U. S. S. "Ari-
zonian."
Wild, Cornelius A.— Lieut., Lake Darago, U. S. N. R. F.
Wilds, .Joseph J.— Petty Officer, U. S. S. "Salem."
Wilhelm, Frank— 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Wilke, Erwin L. — Ensign.
Wilkinson, James E. — U. S. S. "Tuscarora."
Willats, Richard H. — Landsman, for Electrician,
N. R. F.
William, Paul — U. S. Mine Sweeping Division, U. S. S.
" Ripple," Staten Island.
Williams, Edward — Landsman, for Electrician, N.R.F.
Wilhams, Harry P. — Landsman, for Electrician.
Williams, Homer — Ist-class Seaman, U. S. S. "Des
Moines."
Williams, Horace C. — Landsman, for Electrician (R).
Williams, Irving W. — Ist-class Engineer, U. S. S.
"Eastern Queen."
Williams, John A. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Williams, James G. — Landsman, for Machinist's Mate
(a), N.R.F.
Williams, .James B. — 2d-class Fireman.
Williams, J. A. — Ensign, U. S. S. Naval Air Force.
Willoughby, John H. — Seaman, U. S. S. "Horwick
Hall."
Willson, George A. — Landsman, for Quartermaster (a).
Wilson, Arthur E.— Seaman, U. S. S. "Texas."
Wilson, Charles T. — Quartermaster, U. S. S. "Susque-
hanna."
Wilson, Edwin A. — 2d-class Boatswain's Mate, U. S. S.
"Seminole."
Wilson, John P. — Landsman, for Electrician.
Wilson, John R. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Wilson, Lawrence E. — 2d-class Fireman.
Wilson, Leo W. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Wilson, Merritt T. — Landsman, for Electrician, N.R.F.
Wilson, Robert R. — 2d-class Patternmaker, Submarine
Base.
Wilson, Robert C. — Apprentice Seaman, N. R. F.
Wilson, Robert E. — Seaman, Guard Co.
Wilson, Reuben C. — Landsman, for Electrician, N.R.F.
Wilson, William H. — 3d-class Fireman.
Wilson, William J. — 2d-class Machinist's Mate, Naval
Base 18, Europe.
Winter, Daniel C. — 2d-class Seaman, G. Q. A.
Winter, Susie D. — Landsman, for Yeoman, N. R. F.
Winters, Wesley H. — Wireless Operator, U. S. S.
" Aspenlt."
Winzenreid, George J. — Seaman, U. S. S. "Tyson-
dari."
Wipperman, Howard G. — Landsman, for Electrician,
N. R. F.
Wisner, Irvin H. — Fireman, U. S. S. "Baltimore."
Wisniewski, Edward — Pvt., Torpedo Station No. 29.
Wisniewski, Frank — Apprentice Seaman.
Wisniewski, John — Seaman, U. S. S. " Ohio."
Wisniewski, John W. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Wisniewski, Thaddeus — U. S. S. "Maine."
Witkowski, Joseph — Fireman, U. S. .S "Zeelandia."
Witkowski, Walter — Apprentice Seaman, N. R. F.
Witkowski, Walter — Seaman, Great Lakes.
Witt, Edward C— Chief Yeoman, N. R. F.
Witt, William J. — Landsman, for Machinist's Mate (a).
Injured December 27, 1918.
Witte, Edward B. — Ensign, U. S. Naval Air Forces.
Witthenrich, Louis D. — Machinist, U. S. S. "Beaufort."
Witowski, Edward S. — Landsman, for Carpenter's
Mate (a), N.R.F.
Wlodkowski, Wm. M. — Apprentice Seaman, N. R. F.
Woelfle, Michael— 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Wojack, Joseph A. — U. S. S. "Arkansas."
Wojciechowski, Leo S. — Apprentice Seaman, U. S. S.
"Wilhelmina."
Wojciechowski, Stanley A. — Apprentice Seaman, U. S.
S. "Mississippi."
Wojciechowski, Stanley W. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R.F.
Wojtanik, John F. — Apprentice Seaman.
Wolansky, Ernest B. — 3d-class Fireman.
Wolcott, Carlton 0. — Landsman, for Electrician, N.R.F.
Wolf, Charles J. — Ensign, Great Lakes.
Wolf, Philip— Sailor.
Wolf, Philip M.— Seaman.
Wolf, Samuel — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Wolfe, Elmer W. — Fireman, U. S. S. "Louisville."
Wolfert, Millard G.— Apprentice Seaman, N. R. F.
Wolff, Carl— Seaman.
Wolff, Nathan— 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Wolinski, Stanley J. — Apprentice Seaman.
WoUenburg, Harold W. — Landsman, for Carpenter's
Mate (a).
Wollmuth, Edward H.— 3d-class Electrician, N. R. F.
Wolter, Elmer A.— Ist-class Machinist, U. S. S. " R-1 5."
Wonacott, Sam H. — Engineer.
Wong, Moon Lin — 3d-class Machinist's Apprentice,
N. R. F.
Wonk, Joseph H.— U. S. S. " Rainbow."
Wood, Benj, F. — Seaman.
Wood, Cedrid W.— Chief Quartermaster (a), N. R. F.
Wood, Geo. D.— U. S. S. "Undaunted." Injured July,
1918.
Wood, William C— 3d-class Electrician, N. R. F.
Woodbury, Stanley J. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Woodcock, William D.— 2d-class Electrician (Rad),
N. R. F.
Woodward, Ralph C— 3d-class Electrician, N. R. F.
Woods, Howard E.— Chief, Sub N-1.
Worthington, Thomas S. — Landsman, for Electrician.
Wouk, Joseph. Jr. — 2d-class Machinist's Mate.
Wozniak, Michael — Apprentice Seaman.
Wright, Alfred W.— Seaman, N. R. F.
Wright, Arthur E. — 3d-class Fireman, N. R. F.
Wroblewski, Joseph R. — 2d-class Seaman, U. S. S.
"Georgia."
U. S. Navy
663
Wulke, John J. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Wunch, E. W. — Ensign.
Wurtz, Helen K.— 2d-class Yeoman, N. R. F.
Wutz, Rudolph J.— Sailor, U. S. S. "Monadnoek."
Wyborski. Joseph D. — Seaman, U. S. S. "Seneca."
Wyszynski, William — Apprentice Seaman.
Ya.x, Frank H.— 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Yax, Frank H. — 2d-class Seaman, Naval Reserve.
Yeates, Victor G. — Ist-class Seaman, U. S. S. Destroyer
" Worden."
Yentzen, William J. — U. S. Naval Air Station.
Youknot, Chas. J. — 3d-class Fireman, N. R. F.
Young, Frank J.
Young, Frederick J. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. .
Young, George B. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Young, Leo I. — 2d-class Machinist's Mate, U. S. S.
"Nicholson."
Young, Oliver H. — 2d-class Electrician (g), N. R. F.
Young, Ralph A. — Petty Officer, Tuckerton Radio Stn.
Young, Theodore H. — U. S. S. "Connecticut."
Youngman, Ray A. — Apprentice Seaman, N. R. F.
Zamiara, William — Apprentice Seaman.
Zannen, Clyde— 2d-class Ship Fitter, N. R. F.
Zeh, Charles W. — Fireman.
Zeh, Frank J. — Watertender, N. Y. Division, U. S.
Coast Guard.
Zeigler, Thomas — 3d-class Machinist's Mate.
Zeis, Raymond M. — Landsman, for Machinist's Mate
(a), N. R. F.
Zen, Henry O. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Zielewski, Joseph J. — Apprentice Seaman.
Zielinski, Joseph — Apprentice Seaman, N. R. F.
Zientarski, Peter, Ist-class Pvt., 13th Battalion U. S. G.
Zilliox, Albert L. — 2d-class Hospital Apprentice, N.R.F.
Zilliox, Raymond — Seaman, U. S. S. " George Wash-
ington."
Zilsberger, Carl — Apprentice Seaman.
Zimmer, Henry J. — Chief Machinist's Mate, Naval Air
Service.
Zimmer, Joseph N. — Ist-class Seaman, U. S. S. "Sara-
nac."
Zimmerman, Chas. O. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Zimmerman, Earl G. — Landsman, for Electrician,
N. R. F.
Zimmerman, Elmer F. — Apprentice Seaman.
Zimmerman, Frank — 2d-class Seaman. U.S.S. "Charles-
ton."
Zimmerman, Gerald M. — Landsman, for Electrician,
N. R. F.
Zimmerman, Henry G.— U. S. S. "R-2."
Zimmerman, John M. — 2d-class Machinist's Mate,
U.S.S. "Caldwell."
Zimmerman. Martin — Coxswain, U. S. S. "Oklahoma."
Zinfels, Michael A. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Zink, Barney A. — Seaman, V. S. S. "Matsonia."
Zolondkiewski, Bernard — Landsman, for Carpenter's
Mate (ai.
Zrakezewski, Andrew J. — Apprentice Seaman.
Zrenner, Walter F. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.
Zulawskee, John — Ist-class Fireman.
Zuraf, John F. — 3d-class Fireman.
Zwold, Frank R. — Landsman, for Machinist's Mate (a).
Zynda, Theodore L. — Seaman.
U. S. MARINES
Abrams, Talbert— Pvt.
Achter, Hyman.
Adams, Alfred M. — Trumpeter.
Adams, Frederick A.
Adams, Harvey J.
Ailing, Amil O. M.— Pvt.
Allen, Francis.
Altshauler, Wm. H.
Ambrose, Joseph A. — Pvt.
Anderson, Paul B. — Pvt.
Andrews, Stephen.
Andrus, Howard H. — Pvt.
Ansel, Edward F.— Pvt.
Ansel, Paul .J.— Pvt.
Arber, Arthur G.— Pvt., Marine Flying Field.
Arbury, Ward B.— Pvt., Co. M, 13th U. S. M.
Archie, Edward J.
Armstrong, Geo. W.
Arnholt, Henry L.
Arnold, William G.
Ayrault, John, Jr. — Lieut.
Babcock, Ellis E.— Pvt., Co. G, 11th U. S. M.
Baetzhlod, Charles L.
Baird, Leon.
Baker, Arthur M.— Pvt.
Baker, Howard E.
Baker, Walter R.
Baldwin, Joseph R. — Sgt.
Croix de Guerre. 8 citations.
Ball, John C— Pvt., 458th Co.
Balme, Howard Charles — Pvt.
Bamzar, Michael — Pvt.
Banas, Stefan J.
Bardwell, William J.
Barcsykowski, Frank J. — Pvt.
Cited for bravery. D. S. C. for extraordinary heroism at Vierzy,
France, July 19, 1918, in ciiarging machine guns, killing the
crews and turning the guns on the Germans opening a way for his
comrades to advance.
Barlow, George Ross — Pvt.
Barna. Metro — Pvt.
Barnes, William A. — Pvt.
Barr, Charles A.--Sgt., W.
Barr, Herman F. — Pvt.
Barr, Lee J.— Pvt.
Barr, William A.
Barry, Martin L.- Pvt., Co. T. W October 4, 1918.
Barth, August P.— Pvt.
Barthelmes, Arthur J.— Pvt., 422d Co.
Baughman, Roy 0.— Pvt., Co. G, 11th U. S. M.
Baumer, Joseph — Pensacola Barracks.
Baynes, Raymond T.~Pvt., Co. E, 11th U. S. M.
Baynes, Redmond W.
Beardsley, Roger R.
Beck, Herrold R.— Pvt.
Becker, Harold R.
Becker, Joseph'S.— Pvt., Co. G, 11th U. S. M.
Becker, Samuel B.
Beckman, Chas. F.— Pvt.
Beckman, Charles F.
Beers, Richard E.
Beers, George T.
Beers, Richard E. — Apprentice, 3d Co.
Behrens, Gustav H.
Beilman, Albert J.— Corp., 5th U. S. M. W June 26,
1918.
Bell, Herman R.— Pvt.
Bellamy, Bert V.— Pvt.
Bellinger, Harold H.
Bene, Stephen, .Jr.
Bennett, Albert C.
Bennett, Edward— Pvt.
Bennington, Earl — Pvt.
Bensley, Dean P. — 1st Sgt.
Bentzen, Martin L.
Benz, Albert F.
Berbach, Sylvester E.
Bergman, Lester— 18th Co., 5th U.S.M. GW July,1918.
Bermeitinger, Leroy C.
Bessell, William A.— Pvt., Hdqrs Co., 13th U. S. M.
Bessinger, Florenz M.
Best, Frank A.
Bethune, Norman W.
Beyer, Chester A.
Biddlecomb, Raymond W.
Beihunik, Jacob — Pvt., Headquarters Co.
Bilskey, August J. — Pvt.
Bishop, John.
Blake, Roy E.
Blake, William.
Blake, Walter.
Bliss, Joseph L.— Sgt., Co. F, 13th U. S. M.
Bluhun, Herbert C.
Blute, .John F.
Bonczar, Michael — Pvt.
Bondeur, Edward F. — Pvt.
Bonsteel, Floyd J.
Borczynski, Anthony.
Bork, Norman A.— Pvt., 407th Co.
Bortl, Norman E.
Bosel, George A.
Bowes, William V.
Bo.xstahler, George J.
Boyner, Raymond Y.
Bayle, Howard W.
Boyne, William— Corp., 80th Co., 6th U. S. M. G.
August 7, 1918.
Boyles, Arthur R.
Brachman, Stephen J. — Pvt.
Brady, Chester L. — Expert Rifleman.
Braun, Robert G.
Bremer, William S.— 395th Co.
Brenk, Melvin P.— Pvt.
Brill, Andrew — Pvt.
Britton, Paul W.
U. S. Marines
665
Broderick, Edward J. — Pvt.
Brown, Edward L. — Pvt.
Brown, Frank A. — Pvt.
Croix de Guerre for bravery under fire.
Brown, Harold S.— Pvt., 386th Co.
Brown, Louis F. — Sgt.
Brown, Nelson T.
Brown, Raymond.
Brown, Robert G.
Brown, Royal — Pvt.
Brown, William E.
Broxup, John— Pvt., 5th U. S. M
.Awarded D. S. C. for extraordinary heroism, St. Etienne, France,
October 4th, 1918.
Brunner, Edward J.
Brunovsky, Paul.
Brunswick, Raymond H. — Pvt.
Brylinski, Joseph— Pvt. WA August 8, 1918. (Died?)
Buch, John C.
Buchanan, Albert E. — Pvt.
Burgh, Ernest A.
Burke, George.
Burke, Joseph J. — Pvt.
Burke, Willis E.
Burke, William F.
Burkhardt, Wilmer C.
Burkholtz, John J.— Pvt., 6th U. S. M.
Won French Croix de Guerre.
Burno, John — Pvt.
Burns, John H. — Cook.
Busch, Geo. F.
Busch, Joseph F.
Buth, Ed. G.— 177th Co., 14th U. S. M.
Calhoun, Arthur B.— Pvt.
Callanan, George.
Camp, Borden S.
Campbell, Charles J.
Capes, Jean L.
Carberry, Edw. Wm.
Cardarella, Marc — Pvt.
Carlo, John J.
Carroll, Maurice A.
Carter, James L.
Casper, John F.
Caswell, Gordon T.— Pvt.
Chambers, George F.
Chambers, Robert S. — Pvt., 1st Squadron, 1st Marine
Aviation Corps.
Chapion, John G.
Chase, George B.— Pvt., Co. I, 1.3th U. S. M.
Choinski, Leonard F.
Christiansen, Frank D. — Pvt.
Ciesielski, Casimir.
Claps, Anthony T.— Pvt., Co. M, 13th U. S. M.
Clark, Herbert T.
Clark, Charles T.
Clark, Leonard A.
Class, Anthony T.
Clauss, Duncan E.
Clough, Charles L.— Pvt.
Cabo, Alfred H.
Cohen, Reuben — Sgt.
Coit, Henry H.
Coit, William Hersee.
Cole, Arthur H.
Cole, John J.
Cole, John M.
Colmernauer, Maurice.
Collins, John G.
Collopy, Christie.
Comins, George.
Conalla, Peter A.
Condon, Arthur J.— Pvt., 6th Reg't, 75th Co. W June
13, 1918, Bellieu Woods.
Received two French citations.
Conley, Vincent J.— Pvt., 126th Co., 9th U. S. M.
Conlin, Frank P.— Pvt., 427th Co., Battery Z, M. Bar.
Conlin, John W.— Pvt.
Connolly, George E.
Cook, Elmer L.
Cook, John M.
Cook, Thomas A.
Cornins, George F. — Corp.
Cort, Henry H.— Pvt.
Cort, William— Sgt., Headquarters Co., 6th U. S. M.
Coshway, Charles J.
Cowan, Joseph G. — Pvt., Co. A.
Coyer, Raymond F. — Pvt.
Craine, Paul V.
Crawford, James H.
Crommeth, Arthur L.
Crosby, Ernest S. — Quartermaster Sgt.
Crum, Martin R.
Culkowski, John E.— Pvt.
Cunniffe, Thomas J. — Pvt.
Curtiss, Henry A.
Curtiss, Harrison W.
Czerniak, Joseph W.
Dahnien, Peter
Daigler, Alvin J.— Capt., Co. K. 13th U. S. M.
Dandajcwski, Steve— Corp., 89th Co., 1st U. S. M.,
Naval Station.
Daugherty, Dewey J.
Daum, Edward R.
Day, Arthur N.— Pvt., 79th Co., 6th U. S. M. W June
28, 1918.
Day, Clifford L.
Dear, Christopher.
De Klyn, Wesson W.— Corp., Marine O. T. C.
De Lano, Roy F.
Dempsey, Joseph— Pvt., 176th Co., 14th Regt.. U.'S.M.
Dennis, Leroy.
Denzel, Joseph P.
Desmond, Charles S.
De Vine, Walter A.
Di Bucci, Antonio.
Diebold, Joseph L.
Diggins, John P.
Diller, Robert T.
Divan, Joseph.
Ditzel, Shirley M.
Doetfinger, Paul G.
666
Buffalo's Part in the World War
Doepp, Eugene G. — Trumpeter, 8th Co., Separate,
Battery D.
Doerfler, John L.— Pvt., 389th Co.
Domnick, Carl H.
Dondajewski, Stanley — Pvt., Marine Guard Detach-
ment. W August, 1918.
Donohue, James— Pvt., 177th Co., 14th U. S. M. G.
July 19, 1918.
Donohue, James A.
Darey, Jack.
Donius, Alvin E.
Dorn, Norman.
Dostal, Francis B.
Dauchmann, John, Jr.
Dowd, John A.— Pvt., 74th Co., 6th U. S. M. W
September, 1918.
Doyle, Arthur G.
Doyle, James B.— 73d Co., 6th U. S. M. W July 17,
1918.
Doyle, James J.
Draucker, James H.— Co. E., 11th U. S.
Drews, August H.
Driller, Robert F.— Pvt., 436th Co.
Drumb, Edward J.— Pvt., Co. F.
Dudley, Donald J.
Dunwoodie, Ross M.— Pvt., Co. S, Battery 291, Paris
Island, S. C.
Dusing, Clarence W. — 6th Co., Marines, P. Q. Battery.
Ebel, George, Jr.— Pvt., 76th Co., 6th U. S. M.
Edwards, Harry P.— Pvt., 78th Co., 6th U. S. M.
Eggert, Peter C.
Eggleston, Carl F.
Eggert, Peter C.
Eisner, Henry.
England, Nelson G.
Engstrom, Waldorf C. — Pvt.
Ennis, Harvey — 2d Lieut.
Ernst, Albert S.
Ernst, Lawrence F.
Erwin, Edwin H.
Ess, A. J.— Pvt., 418th Co.
Eustace, Patrick.
Evans, Chfford L.
Evans, George T.— Pvt.
Evans, Larry F.
Exner, Otto.
Exner, William P. — Pvt.
Fairchild, Stanley S.— Pvt.
Falk, William J.
Farbach, Richard F.
Farrar, Acquilla.
Federlein, Frederick J.
Fee, Fred J.— Pvt., Co. C.
Feifer, Joseph G.
Feinberg, Wolf— 59th U. S. M. W.
Feiner, Peter.
Ferguson, Hugh M.— Pvt., 20th Co., 5th U. S. M.
Reported missing in action, now with regiment in
Germany.
Fetzer, Fred E.
Figel, Casemer— Co. A, 1st Training Battery, U. S. M.
Field, Loren H.
Finnegan, Harry — Marine Section 74, Royal British
Engineers.
Finnegan, Harold F. — Corp.
Fischer, John M.— Pvt.,-<;o. T, 402d BattaUon.
Fischer, George E.
Fisher, James O.
Fleming, Ernest K.
Fleischmann, Rupert F.
Fluck, Leonard E.— Pvt.
Flynn, Francis J.
Fogelsonger, Edgar M. — Pvt.
Foilach, Richland, F.
Folk, Stephen— Pvt.
FoUick, Stanley E.
Ford, Frank.
Fowler, Alvin A.
Fox, Maurice— Pvt., 97th Co., 6th U. S. M.
Fraditte, Edward A.
Frank, Carl Wm., Jr.
Freeman, Henry T.— Pvt., 121st Co., 9th U. S. M.
Friedman, Ambrose.
Fries, Oscar, J.
Fronczak, Louis — Corp., Marine Flying Field.
Fronczak, Palagia.
Fuchs, Frank F.— Pvt.
Full, Martin W.— Pvt., 214th Co.
FulHngton, Clarence R. — Pvt., (Home address. East
Aurora, N. Y.)
Funk, Benj. J.— Pvt., 1st Co., 89th U. S. M.
Furey, George S.
Gaber, Paul F.— Pvt.
Gadsby, Harry F.
Galinski, Anthony.
Galley, Samuel P.
Gallineah, Harry M.
Galuski, Anthony— Pvt., 74th Co., 6th U. S. M. W
June 6, 1918.
Gardiner, Paul S.— Pvt., 74th Co., 6th U. S. M. W
July, 1918.
Garlock, Henry I. — Pvt.
Garney, Walter Lee — Pvt.
Garno, Harold J.
Gasper, Edward W. — Pvt.
Gaspodarski, Alexander— Pvt., 16th U. S. M. W Sep-
tember 3, 1918.
Gedoehn, James L.
Geiger, Frank F.— Sgt., Co. 95th, 6th U. S. M. W
November 1, 1918.
Cited for bravery.
Geil, George L.
Geiss, Frank F.— Pvt.
Geirechoeviak, Steve.
Gettlings, William L.
Gibson, Harold H.— Pvt., 178th Co., 14th U. S. M.
Giles, Frank.
Gilvard, Louis.
Gless, Joseph.
Glide, Harold C— Pvt., 399th Co.
Glider, Raymond W.— Pvt., 399th Co.
Gliss, Henry — Pvt.
U. S. Marines
66'i
Glonowski, Alois.
Glonowski, Daniel M.
Glover, Earl M.— Pvt.
Goar, John M.
Goeman, Soloman.
Goerss, Elmer G.
Goerss, Herbert A.
Golasenski, John.
Goldberg, Harry.
Goodley, Leroy E.
Goodridge, Homer K. — Pvt.
Goodwin, Lewis J.— Pvt., 17th Co., 5th U. S. M. W
November 7, 1918.
Gordon, John J.
Gorsky, Casimer A.
Gosdeck, William — Sgt.
Gorsky, Frank E.— Pvt.
Goska, Elmer F.
Gospodarski, Alexander— Pvt. W October 3, 1918,
Champagne.
Gates, Victor.
Grabski, Leo— Pvt., 5th U. S. M. W August, 1918.
Grabowski, John J.
Grake, Edward H.
Grant, Thomas J.
Graudmann, Walter J.
Graves, Justus W.
Greenwald, William — 457th Co., Battery E.
Gregory, John J. — Pvt., Co. D, 2d Training Regiment,
1st Training Battalion.
Grain, Cyril E.— Pvt., 417th Co. W Battery.
Griffin, Harold H.
Griswold, Harry J. — Pvt. W.
Groshans, Chester J.
Groth, Arthur A.
Groves, Philip A. — Pvt.
Gruber, Jacob— Corp., 49th Co., 13th Battalion.
Grzechowiak, Steve — 131st Co.
Grzybowski, Casimer.
Guderian, Fred W.— Pvt., 6th U. S. M.
Gueldenstein, Charles.
Guenther, George M.
Guetner, Edwin L.
Guillard, Emil.
Gunther, Arthur.
Gurtner, Edwin L.— Pvt., Co. A., 437th U. S. M.
Gutekunst, Clarence A. — Co. A., 8th Separate Bat-
talion.
Haag. Irving P. — Pvt.
Haase, Eugene — 1st Sgt. Died of pneumonia, Octo-
ber 20, 1918, at Syracuse, N. Y.
Haefner, John G. — Pvt.
Haertel, Edwin J.
Hager, August J.— Pvt., Co. A, Quantico, N. Y.
Haley, Louis V.— Pvt., 74th Co., 6th U. S. M. G June
17, 1918.
Hall, .James M.— Pvt. E. D. D.
Hall, Robert A.
Halloran, John L. — Pvt., U. S. S. "Pennsylvania."
Hamilton, Richard J.
Hammon, Charles.
Hanover, Sylvester.
Hansen, William A. — Pvt., Co. A., 1st Training Ma-
chine Gun Battery.
Hansknecht, Walter E.
Happe, Edward.
Hardiker, Stephen — Pvt.
Hardinger, Fisk.
Harmon, Rochford S.
Harris, Benj. — Sgt., Headquarters 14th U. S. M.
Harry, David.
Hart, John A.
Kartell, Howard.
Hartinger, Frank J.— Pvt., 94th Co., 7th U. S. M.
Hartke, Eugene J.— Corp., 98th Co.
Hartman, John A.— Pvt., 269th Co., Battery. W U. S.
M. C, Marine Barracks, Paris Island, S. C.
Hartnett, James.
Hastings, Dewey George — Pvt., Battery 402.
Hathaway, Sanger A.
Haussler, Erick — Pvt.
Hayden, William W. — Pvt., Utah Marines.
Hayes, John P.
Hayes, Herman — Pvt., Marines, 1st Prv. Brigade.
Hazzard, Bert F.
Hea, Evadne B.
Head, Joseph F.
Healey, William.
Heimburg, Earl C. — Pvt.
Heinrieh, Robert C.
Heinze, Nelson J.
Heiss, Geo. J.— Pvt.
Helbringer, Frederick W.
Helfant, Maurice.
Hencienski, Andrew — Pvt.
Henshaw, Harry J. — Pvt.
Hepp, Chester H.— Pvt.
Herlan, Wesley O.
Hess, George J.
Hess, Henry W.
Hewson, Edwin.
Heysel, Osee Thomas — Corp., Marine Barr'k, Neill, Va.
Higgins, Patrick L. — Pvt.
Hilbarn, William J.— Pvt.
Hilfiger, Frank.
Hill, Zenas H.— Pvt.
Hillery, David J.— Pvt., 5th Co., 43d U. S. M. K at
Chateau Thierry, July 11, 1918.
Hilton, Edward J.
Hilton, Frank H. — (Residence, Orchard Park, N. Y.)
Hinca, Stanislaus J.
Hitzel, Walter H. — Died of illness (influenza) at Paris
Island, S. C, October 29, 1918.
Hiskey, William B.
Hodges, Sidney — Lieut.
Hodgson, George F.
Hoffman, Charles L. — Portsmouth, N. H.
Hoffman, Clarence N. — Sniper, 4th Battery, Co. C,
13th U. S. M. K September 15, 1918, France.
Hoffman, Henry— Pvt., Co. F, 13th U. S. M., 2d Batt.
Hogan, Thomas H. — Pvt.
Holey, Louis V. E.— Pvt.
668
Buffalo's Part in the World War
Hollster, Raymond J. — (Residence, Lackawanna, N. Y.)
Holmes, George D.
Holtz, Geo. F.— Pvt.
Holtz, John W.
Hopkins, Jess J. — Pvt.
Hoppel, Charles J.
Hosenflug, Raymond H. — Pvt.
Houck, Howard W.
Howard, Frank E.
Howard, John W. — (Residence, Tonawanda, N. Y.)
Howell, George R.
Huber, John L.— Pvt.
Huck, Leonard E.— Pvt.
Huelz, John C.
Huenizer, Walter E.
Huffstater, Leon D.— Pvt.
Hughes, Albert — Pvt.
Hughes, George F.
Hulbard, Stewart A.
Hummel, Victor F. — Home address. North Evans,
N. Y,
Hunt, John R.
Hurley, John S.— 3d Co., Signal Battery.
Hutt, Henry W.— Corp., 55th Co., 5th U. S. M. WA
June 12, 1918.
Ignasiak, Anthony — Pvt.
Ignasiak, Maxwell J. — Pvt.
Irish, Hanford S.
Isker, Bernhard.
Jakubowski, George.
James, Harry N., Jr.— Pvt., 6th U. S. M. W June 12,
1918.
James, Norman I.— Pvt., 6th U. S. M. W.
Jedele, Reuben B.
Jenkins, David.
Jepson, John.
Jerge, Herman, Jr.
Johanns, Albert T.— Pvt.
Johnson, Bernard E. — Pvt.
Johnson, Frederick V. — Pvt.
Johnson, .John W.— Pvt., Machine Gun Co., 1st U. S. M
Johnson, Leon S. — Pvt. WA.
Jones, Henry J.— Pvt., 71st Co., 7th U. S. M.
Jones, Thomas F.
Josefiak, Joseph C.
Joyce, Edward F., Jr. — Pvt.
Juras, Anthony S. — Pvt.
Kahle, George F.
Kahle, Warren P. — Pvt., 1st Marine Aviation.
Kaltenback, Raymond.
Kamin, William L. — Pvt.
Kaminecki Louis T. — Pvt.
Kania, Walter J. — Pvt.
Karnatz, Henry J.
Karpinsk, Frank
Kasprzak, John F.
Kasprzeyk, Louis J.
Kauf, Fred
Kaufman, Harold A.
Kawezyruski, John
Kayser, Wm. F.
Keane, Thomas
Kearns, Eugene J.
Keck, George F.
Keegan, Michael J.
Keith, David D.
Kelley, William J.
Kellner, Jacob J.
Kelly, Clarence W.— Pvt .
Kelly, George J.— 98th Co.
Kelly, Francis W.— Pvt., 74th Co., 6th U. S. M. G
April 13, 1918, Verdun; October 31, 1918, Argonne.
Kelly, Patrick J.— Pvt.
Kempker, Henry — Pvt.
Kempker, John.
Kenefick, John L.-^Pvt., Co. D, 10th Repl. Bat.
Kerr, Frank J.
Kerwin, Oliver M. — Pvt.
Ketzer, William.
Keyes, Edward J.— Pvt., 43d Co., 5th U. S. M. W
October 2, 1918.
Kieger, Elmer — Pvt.
Kielaszek, Peter
Kresjewski, John — 2nd Trench Battalion.
Kimber, Charles A.
Kimmins, Winfield B.
Kingston, Arthur — Major, 4th U. S. M.
Kinisley, Gordon.
Kinn, Walter C— Pvt.
Kinne, RoyC— Pvt.
Kirsch, George W. — Pvt.
Kirchgessimer, John G.
Kirk, John T.
Kisker, Lawrence J.
Kistenfeger, Albert J.
Klaup, Edward W.— Pvt.
Klausman, Albert A.
Klea, Henry G.
Klein, Curtis W.
Klier, Joseph M.
Klinder, Harry M.
Klingelhofer, Bernard.
Klinck, John R.— Pvt.
Klostermann, Jos. A.
Klump, Edwin W.— Pvt.
Knopp, James S.
Koegel, Michael J.
Koehler, Louis H.
Koeppner, Edward F.
Kogler, John M.
Kohn, Clarence W.
Koister, Arthur W.
Kolb, George F.
Kolczynski, Leo — Pvt.
KoUer, William.
Konieczny, Stanley J. — Pvt.
Konopa, Walter — Pvt.
Kowolax, Albert.
Kozub, John.
Kraft, Clarence J. — Pvt.
Kramer, William.
Krasowski, Simon — Pvt., Co. B, 3d Battalion.
U. S. Marine;
669
Krause, Wm. O.
Krauss, Eugene G.
Krauss, Jacob J.
Kreitner, Albert H.
Kreitzbender, Albert J. — Pvt.
Kreppel, Frank A.
Kress, Andrew.
Kreiger, Elmer — Corp.
Krohmer, Willard J.— Pvt. 18th Co., U. S. M.
Krolick, Edward J.
Krueger, Arthur H.
Krueger, Theodore P.
Krug, John G.— Pvt.
Krystal, Ignatz — Pvt.
Kuchenneiter, John J.
Kuhn, Frank M.— Ist-class Mate.
Kuhnle, Henry— Pvt., 64th Co.
Kumpker, John— Pvt., 179th Co., 14th U. S. M.
Kuney, Adelbert F.— Pvt.
Kunz, Floyd C—
Kurejewski, John.
Kyser, Albert J.
Labart, Herman W., Jr.
Labley, Chas. E.
Labuszewski, Wm. F.
Lalloz, Arthur C— Pvt.
Lafleur, Leopold J. — Pvt.
Lamb, Vincent D.
Lamerand, Earl B.
Laudgraf, Philip A.
Lang, George F.— 16th Co., 5th U. S. M. W October
4, 1918.
Lang, George J.
LaPrell, Ambrose J.
LaRoutte, Elton G.
Larsen, Waldemar.
Lasiewicz, Edward J. — 19th Co., Heavy Artillery,
Separate Battery.
LaTour, Douglas T.
Lattner, Joseph C.
Lawler, Clement A.
Laws, Cyril M. — Pvt.
Lawson, Louis A. — Pvt.
Lea, Wilfred V.
Learman, John G.
Leaverenz, Archibald L.
Lebert, Charles.
Lebrhaupt, Bernard — Pvt.
Ledwon, Joseph P. — Pvt.
Lee, Robert T.
Leffers, John G.
Lehman, Clifford E. H. — Aviation.
Lehrhaupt, Benjamin — Pvt.
Leif, Albert E.
Lema, James.
Lentz, Joseph A.
Lester, William G.— Pvt.
Letson, George A. — Pvt.
Levey, Raymond M. — Pvt.
Lewandowski, Frank
Lewenicht, Edward H.— 168th Co.
Libawintz, Phillip.
Limbert, Raymond W. — Pvt.
Lindberg, Chas. F.
Linetty, Peter J.
Linneborn, Howard.
Linsmeir. Edwin M. — Pvt.
Lippert. Frederick.
Lisatskos, Bloddie.
Liszka, John A.
Liszka, Joseph B.
Liszka, Stanley M.
Lobart, Herman W.
Lock, Albert.
Lockwood, Samuel — Pvt.
Lodowski, Joseph — Pvt.
Logue, Joseph W.
Lonergon, Patrick B.
Long, Allen J.
Longway, Henry W. — Pvt.
Lorenz, Herbert F. J.
Love, David K.
Lubo, Wm. H. J.
Luedke, Arthur H.
Luedke, Julius, E.
Luh, Clarence B.
Luksch, John G.
Lutjens, Alfred G. R.
Lyons, James J.
MacConnell, Harry A.— Pvt., 377th Co., Battalion B.
Mace, Harry — Pvt.
Macikowski, John— Sgt., 84th Co., 6th U. S. M. W
July 19, 1918.
MacFayden, Edward G. — Aviation.
Machazenske, Adam M.
Macikowski, John.
Mackenzie, John — Pvt.
Mackie, James A.
Magee, Frank.
Mahoney, Frank J.
Mahoney, William W. — Pvt.
Maier, Theodore.
Majoney, Augustine L.
Malinowski, John R.
Mallian, John A. — Pvt.
Mammott, John A.— Pvt.
Mangold, Chauncey D.
Mann, Charles.
Mann, Ernest H.
Markey, John M.— Pvt.
Morningstar, Wesley R.
Marth, Frederick A. — Pvt.
Martin, Jack R.— Pvt., 80th Co., 6th U. S. M. W
October 4, 1918.
Martin, Llewellyn J.
Mason, George E. — Pvt.
Mason, Henry L.
Mathias, Waldo J.— Pvt.
Mauer, John.
Mayer, Albert E.
Mayer, John.
Meachum, Ralph F. — Pvt.
670
Buffalo's Part in the World War
Meddody, Jos. W.
Meinweiser, Chas. B.
Mentuluski, Stanley.
Meister, .John G.
Melant, John F.— Pvt., 7th U. S. M.
Melody, George T.— Pvt.
Meowinski, Joseph— Pvt., 53d Co., 2d U. S. M.
Merry, Bruce R. — Pvt.
Metzinger, John — Corp.
Metzinger, Lester S.— Pvt., 47th Co., 5th U. S. M. WG
October 12, 1918.
Meyer, Albert E.— 80th Co., 6th U. S. M. W August
23, 1918.
Meyerowitz, Samuel— Pvt., 97th Co., 6th U. S. M. W.
Meyers, Albert— Pvt., 6th U. S. M. W September II,
1918.
Michael, Sidney M. — Pvt.
Michalak, Michael J.— Headquarters Co., 6th U. S. M.
Millard, Edward L.— Pvt.
Milant, John F.
Miller, Adolph B.— Major, 6th U. S. M. WG April 18,
I9I8.
Miller, Earl C.
Miller, Harry — Pvt.
Miller, Leonard.
Miller, Minor Dew — Pvt.
Minton, Geo. W.— Pvt.
Miszkelis, Joseph — Pvt.
Mitchell, William— Pvt. W.
Mock, Arthur P.— Pvt., 5th U. S. M.
Monzie, Emil.
Moody, Joseph H. — Pvt.
Moore, John J.
Morgan, C. B.— Sgt., 36th Co., 1st U. S. M.
Morgan, Charles B. — Pvt.
Morgan, Edward— Pvt., I76th Co., 14th U. S. M.
Morgan, Edward R. — Pvt.
Moris, Clarence E.
Morlock, Michael F.
Morrison, Francis W. — Trumpeter, 112th Co., U. S. M.
Mortyr, Cyril W.— Lieut., 6th Co., 12th U. S. M.
Mrowinski, Joseph J. — Pvt.
Mullen, Nicholas C— Pvt., Co. A.
Mundie, James A.
Murphy, Joseph D. — Ist-class Pvt., Aviation.
Murphy, Victor D.— Pvt., 5th U. S. M.
Musty, Grover E.— Pvt.
Musty, Raymond A.
Myers, Fred — Pvt.
McAvoy, Harold G.— Pvt., 43d Co., 5th U. S. M.
Injured June 12th.
McCabe, Patrick.
McCarthy, John S.
McClure, James J.— Pvt., 179th Co., 14th R. Marines.
Sharp Shooter.
McCormick, George E. — Pvt., Ritie Range Detachm't.
McCreary, Donald K.
McCullough, Robert J.— Pvt.
McDonald, Bernard A.— 6th Co., 95th U. S. M. Injured
November 1, 1918.
McDonald, Floyd— Pvt.
McDonald, Frank A.— Pvt., 97th Co., 6th U. S. M.
McDonald, Frederick J.— Pvt., 18th Co., 5th U. S. M.
McDonnell. Francis J.
McDonnell, Vincent P. — Pvt.
McGee, George B.
McGill, Edward E.
McGirr, Raymond — Sgt.
McGloine, William J.
McGovern, Howard A. — Pvt.
McKee, Bion E. — Pvt.
McKenna, George E.
McLoughlin, William.
McMuUen, James.
McNamara, James.
McNerney, William R. — Pvt., Marksman, 45th Co., 5th
U.S.M. WA Oct. 4, 1918, Champagne. A. of O., Ger-
many. Returned with Co. E, 3rd Army, Composite
Regt.,"Pershings Own."
Nachbar, Norman W.
Nagel, Arthur.
Nagel, Clarence H. — Pvt., Armored Car Squadron.
Narigan, Ralph B.
Nowakowski, Frank.
Neary, Patrick.
Nease, Howard S.
Neiser, Joseph J. — Pvt.
Nellson, Robert C.
Nevins, Robert M. — 2d Lieut.
Newcomb, Roswell P.
Newell, Loren E. — Pvt.
Newhouse, William O.
Newman, Harold A.— Pvt., 83d Co., 6th U. S. M. G.
November 2, 1918.
Newton, James.
Nicholson, James C. — Pvt.
Nievinski, Frank.
Noeltner, Edward J. — Pvt.
Noryskiewiecz, Edwin G. — Pvt.
Nourinski, Nicholas — Pvt.
Nowakoski, Rudolf.
Oakes, Mowryn C.
O'Brian, Harry T. — Radio Operator, Radio Land Sta.
Odien, Philip T.— Pvt.
O'Hern, Daniel T.
Oholtzki, Frederick.
Oldfield, Harry E.— Pvt.
Oldshield, Joseph E.
Olver, Wallace N.— Pvt. W.
Orts, Howard H.— Pvt.
Osswold, Frank G.
Oosterhondt, Charles R.— Pvt., Co. I, 3d Battery, 13th
U.S.M.
Oppenheimer, Newton S.
Overholt, Victor D.— Pvt.
Oyler, Arthur A.
Pacanowski, John V.
Packer, Hubert C.
Paddock, George F.
Pagels, Herman C. — Pvt.
Pair, Leroy.
Papenberg, John H.— Pvt., 24th Co.
U. S. Marines
671
Parker, Brown L.
Parker, Elmer A.
Patterson, Andrew R.
Patterson, George A. — Pvt., Machine Gun Detach.
Paul, Wellman S.
Pedt, Leo.
Pehler, Joseph A.
Penwick, Fred W.
Perrine, Melanchtlon H.
Peering, W. H. — Corp., Headquarters Co.
Perry, Willard H.— Pvt., Co. B., 1st Department Ma-
chine Gun Battalion.
Perryman, De Forest G. — Pvt.
Peter, Lloyd D. K. — Pvt., 19th Co., 10th Reg't, U.S.M.
Peters, Frank E.
Peters, Lloyd D.
Peterson, John— Pvt., 75th Co., 6th U. S. M.
Pettit, Willard J.
Petzing, George — Pvt., Headquarters Co.
Pfalzgraf, John R.
Pfeiffler, Harold J.
Phillys, Arthur F.
Philhps, Claude A.
Phillips, George W.
Pienieski, Stanley— Pvt., 19th Battalion.
Pierce, Arnold M.— Pvt.
Pietszak, Edward P.
Pike, Floyd E.— Pvt.
Plumley, Ernest C— Pvt.
Plumley, Walter E.
Piazza, John J.
Pohle, Ernest V.
Pokornowski, Walter — Pvt.
Polito, Joseph A.
Pongrate, Albert.
Poppenberg, John H. — Pvt.
Poppendick, Albert.
Popple, Carleton W.— Pvt.
Powers, Henry H.
Prentiss, Nelson W. — Pvt., Paris Island, Marine Bar-
racks.
Pritchard, Robert L.— Pvt., 121st Co., 9th U. S. M.
Pruchnowski, John.
Pusateci, Christopher — Pvt.
Pless, Henry F.
Plumley, John S.
Place, Frank B.— Pvt.
Quenzer, Frederick R. — Pvt.
Racinowski, Stanley.
Raisch, Leslie R.
Ralph, Walter F.
Rambath, Charles E.— Pvt.
Rand, Charles F.
Rand, Charles H. B.
Randolph, Harold I.— Pvt.
Rapaport, Maxwell A.
Rasch, Ernst R.— 88th Co.
Rathburn, Charles E.
Rath f on, Paul W.
Rayner, Richard I.— Pvt., 438th Co.
Rearick, Reamer C.
Reed, Oscar E.
Reid, John.
Reith, Joseph— Pvt., Headquarters Co., 13th U. S. M.
Renk, Louis — Pvt.
Renold, Carl E.— Pvt.
Reuther, Louis M.
Riffle, Raymond— Pvt.
Rink, Edward F.
Ritzel, Daniel J.— Pvt., Co. 55th, 5th U. S. M.
Roberts, Al— Pvt.
Roberts, Wilbur— Pvt.
Robertson, George P.— Gun Sgt., 18th Co., 5th U. S. M.
2d Division.
Robertson, John— Pvt., 18th Co., 5th U. S. M.
Robinson, Thomas R. — Pvt.
Rock, Laurence C. — Pvt.
Rock, Philip— Pvt.
Rogers, Charles S.— Pvt., 82d Co., 6th LT. S. M., Octo-
ber 26, 1918.
Rogers, Myron H.
Roll. Raymond— Pvt., Co. D., 3d U. S. M.
Rombkowski, Frank J. — Sgt., Instructor Machine Gun
and Heavy Artillery.
Rooney, Harry— Pvt., Co. M, 13th U. S. M.
Rose, John V.
Rosenski, Stanley P.— Pvt., Co. H, 11th U. S. M.
Rosmarck, George.
Ross, John W.— Pvt., Radio Station.
Ross, Irving — Pvt.
Ross, William D.
Roth, Frederick G.
Roth, Harry J.— Pvt.
Roth, Robert R.— Pvt.
Rott, Robert R.— Corp., 6th Co.. 95th U.S.M. Injured
July 28, 1918.
Roy, Leon J.
Rudolph, Ziehm O.
Ruguszka, George — Corp.
Russell, Clarence D.— Ist-class Pvt., Co. F, 11th U.S.M.
Russell, Frederick A.
Russell, John J.
Russell, Michael H.
Rutzen, Benjamin J.
Rybecki, Kazimierz F.
Rylznski, Anthony.
Salisbury, Patrick M.
Samson, Channel S.
Saperston, Alfred M.
Saunders, John T.
Saunders, Lewis J.
Saunders, James — Pvt.
Sawyer, Albert L.
Sawyer, Warren A.
Schad, Clarence P.
Schad, Leon G.
Schaich, John W.
Schapin, John F.
Schaub, Frederick.
Scheib, Edward W.— Pvt., Co. K., 13th U. S. M.
Scheld, Harry W.— Pvt.
Scheuch, John C— Pvt., 141st Co.
672
Buffalo's Part in the World War
Schweir, Alfred.
Schiener, Paul P.— Pvt., 459th Co.
Schmeickel, Charles F.— Pvt.
Schmelzer, E. E.— Pvt., 55th Co., 5th U. S. M., Illinois,
November 4, 1918.
Schmidt, George.
Schmidt, George.
Schmidt, George F.
Schmidt, William A.
Schmidt, Walter W.— Machine Gun Co., 14th U. S. M.
Schmitt, Charles A.
Schneggenburger, Alfred J.— Pvt., 66th Co., 5th U. S.
M. W April 22, 1918, and November 1, 1918.
Awarded Croix de Guerre and personal citation from General Per-
shing. Also recommended for the Gold Medal which is awarded
only to members of the Marine Corps for valiant service under
lire.
Schober, John— Sgt. W June 14, 1918.
Schoell, Geo. A.
Schoemaker, Henry W.
Schohn, Charles A.
Schrader, Carl F.— Pvt.
Schrader, Norman C.
Schramm, William R.— Pvt., Co. B, 8th Battalion.
Schreiber, Karl C.~Corp., 51st Co., 5th U. S. M. WA
June 12, 1918, Chateau Thierry.
Schroer, William E.— Pvt., Co. F, 11th U. S. M.
Schrover, William E.
Schultz, Adolph C— Pvt., 49th Co., 5th U. S. M. W
June 15, 1918 and October 4, 1918.
Schumbacker, John E.— Pvt., 384th Co., Q Batt.
Schultz, Milton W.
Schwab, Frank G.
Schwalb, Raymond G. — Sgt., 1st Aeronautics. .
Schwartz, Jos. B.
Schwartz, Vincent H.
Schwartz, William J.
Schwarzott, Joseph— Sgt., Mach. Gun Co., 5th U. S.
Marines.
Schween, Christian F. — Pvt.
Swein, John J. — Pvt.
Schwigler, Charles L.
Seibetta, Charles A.
Scott, Benhamin — 1st class Marine, 55th Co., 5th U.
S. M. W October 5, 1918.
Scott, Ronald C.
Scott, Wallace G.
Seabrook, John P.
Seelbach, Edgar R.
Seereiter, Frank R.— Pvt.
Seesman, Edward F.
Seesman. Edmund — Pvt.
Seibert, Matthew J.
Seitz, Albert H.
Seomczewski, Leo.
Serdinsky, John S. — Pvt.
Shaefer, Archie B. — Pvt.
Shanahan, John P.
Shand, Peter.
Shapiro, Harry— Capt., Co. D, 5th U. S. M.
Shapiro, Isadore.
Sharkey, Robert B.— Pvt., 18th Co., 5th U. S. M.
Shaver, Carlton H.
Shea, Daniel A.
Sheehan, Charles J. — Gun-pointer.
Sheldon, Sherman.
Showiak, Anthony.
Shepard, Wilson H.
Sherman, Erwin C. — Pvt., 147th Co., Signal Battalion.
Shill, Albert— Sgt.
Siebert, Mathew J. — Pvt., Co. C, 2d Separate Machine
Gun Battahon.
Sibert, Willard W.
Sieback, Edgar R.
Siegrist, Norman B.
Sieraki, John F.
Sierszulski, Henry J.— Pvt., 80th Co.
Sikorski, Michael A. — Pvt.
Simonik, Andrew J.
Simons, Peter.
Simpson, Arthur E.
Sitarz, Anthony.
Sitarzewski, Peter.
Skinner, John T.— Pvt.
Skinner, Rufus H.— Pvt.
Skwierakski, Frank— Pvt., Co. B.
Skok, John F.— Pvt.
Slatter, James W.— Pvt.
Slomczewski, Leo.
Smith, Archelaus L. — Pvt.
Smith, A. W.— 397th Co.
Smith, Arthur W.
Smith, Charles L.
Smith, Edward— Pvt.
Smith, Francis E.— 94th Co., 7th U. S. M.
Smith, Floyd R.— Pvt., 89th Co., 1st U. S. M.
Smith, Howard S.
Smith, Herbert G. — Sgt., 1st Marine Aviation Force.
Smith, Harold M.
Smith, James.
Smith, Norman R.— Pvt., Co. A, 438th Battalion.
Smith, William J.
Smith, Zeno J.
Sniadecki, John— Pvt., 55th Co., 5th U. S. M.
Snusz, Bernard G.
Soakob, Andrew.
Sobierajski, Bronislaus M. — Pvt.
Sobieski, Michael — Pvt.
Sosnowski, Walter M.
Spang, Theodore C.
Sparacio, Michael J. — Pvt.
Spaeth, Joseph.
Spaulding, Gillman.
Spaulding, Neil A. — Pvt.
Spencer, Arthur A. — Pvt.
Spencer, Elmer H. — Pvt.
Stachewicz, Casimir J. — Pvt.
Stachowiak, Tadeus.
Stachowiak, Thaddeus F.
Stafford, Albert C.
Starker, Lewis E.
Stencel, .Julius — Pvt.
Stephany, Eugene J.
U. S. Marines
673
Stevens, R. M.— Corp., 424th Battalion.
Stewart, Francis C.
Stolz, Albert J.
Storms, Raymond A.— Pvt., 427th Co.
Storrs, Leon C. — Pvt.
Straker, John.
Straker, Wm. S.
Strand, Walter H.
Strauss, Matthew .J.
Strickland, Chester I.
Striegel, Joseph A.
Struzyk, Thomas — Pvt.
Strazynski, Albert.
Studd, George F.— Pvt.
Styke, Frank.
Sutterby. Frank C— Pvt.
Sutton, Walter E.
Swanekamp, Joseph H. — 6th U. S. M. WA three
times, October 3, 1918.
Sweet, Ben H.— Pvt.
Sylvia, Everett— Pvt.
Sypniewski, Bernard — Pvt.
Szczechowiak, Anthony.
Szelweczka, Joseph F.— Pvt., Co. C, 11th U. S. M.
Szen, Charles R.— Pvt., 12th Co. WA.
Szizepanski, Peter — Pvt.
Szuhilist, Alojzy.
Szumigalski, Roman.
Szumigalski, Stanley V.
Talloday, William N.— Pvt.
Tamlyn, Charles E.
Tanner, Nelson F. — Pvt.
Taranella, Roy F.
Tatro, Olizen F.— Pvt.
Taylor, Carl N.
Taylor, George F.
Taylor, William P.
Tebo, Napoleon.
Temple, Arthur E.
Templeton, Leslie A. — Pvt.
Terian, Anthony W.
Tharan, Herman— Sgt., 55th Co., 5th U. S. M.
Thebault, Arthur E.
Thidobean, Albert N.
Thomas, Albert C— Pvt., Co. L., 13th U. S. M.
Thomas, Walton F.— Bugler, 423d Co.
Thompson, Frank J.
Thompson, Francis J.
Thompson, William J.
Thurber, Ralph H.— Pvt.
Tierney, James M. — Pvt.
Tighe, Francis J.— Pvt., Co. L., 13th U. S. M.
Tight, Francis J.
Todjdowski, Stephen.
Toense, Martin C— 48th Co., Marine Aviation.
Tong, Arthur.
Towyie, George F. — Philadelphia Navy Yard.
Tracy, W. Titus.
Trautmann, Christ— Pvt., Co. F, 11th U. S. M.
Trautman, Charles— Pvt., Co. F, 11th U. S. M.
Trebel, Howard— Pvt.
Tremblay, Howard R.
Trigg, Raymond J. — Pvt.
Troidel, Edw. G.
Tucker, Russell E.— Pvt. WA.
Tucker, William A.
Turner, Theodore J.
Turner, George E.
Tyburski, Walter W.— Pvt.
Tyndall, John.
Tyrrell, Louis E.— Pvt., 96th Co. WG Sept. 12, 1918.
Uhlinger, Perry H.— 138th U. S. M.
Uhlinger, Percy W.
Ullrich, Louis.
Underbush, William.
Urban, Burt J.— Pvt.
Urschel, Chauncey M.
Urtel, R. A.— Pvt., 10th Co.
Van Den Vouver, Edmund — Pvt.
Vanderbush, John.
Vanderbush, John T,
Vanhoff, John F. — Pvt., Machine Gun Battalion, 5th
Brigade.
VanNornian, Frank.
Vergils, William— Pvt., 29th U. S. M.
Vitale, Charles— Pvt., Co. D.
Vogel, Arthur G.
Von Daache, Fred J.— Pvt., 96th Co., 6th U. S. M.
Vosgraw, William G.
Wachowziak, Walter — Pvt.
Wagner, John C.
Walczak, Theodore A. — Pvt.
Waldraff, Howard D.
Walker, Robert J.
Wall, Reuben E.— Sgt., 819th Co.
Wallington, Geo. M.
Walsh, Patrick.
Walski, George.
Walters, Chas. T.— Pvt.
Wamsley, Robert C— Pvt.
Warren, Orren.
Warren, Robert— Pvt., Machine Gun Co., 11th U. S.M.
Warsocki, Paul J.— Pvt., 18th Co., 5th U. S. M. W
June 11, 1918.
Watson, John C.
Watson, Leslie A.
Watson, Lewis, Jr.
Watts, William R.
Wawrzyniak, Jack D.— Pvt. W June 18, 1918.
Weaver, Devere E.
Weaver, Fred L.
Webb, Howard W.— Sgt.
Webb, Howard.
Webber, Charles C— Pvt., 382d Co., 2d Battalion.
Weber, John — Pvt.
Weber, Joseph J.
Weber, John B.— Pvt.
Weber, John M.— Sgt., 81st Co., 6th U. S. M.
Weglewski, Alex. — Sgt.
Werglein, Royal V.
Weishaar, Jacob, Jr.
Wende, Kenefick.
674
Buffalo's Part in the World War
Weiss, Orville F.
Wenneman, Fred J. — Pvt.
Weter, William H.— Pvt.
Wertz, Fred T.
Wesolek, Joseph J.
West, John M.
Weter, Raymond M. — Pvt.
Wetmore, Frederick E.
Whalen, James E.
Whalen, Leo A.— Pvt.
Whalen, Leo T.
Whalley, Arthur W.— Pvt., 26th Co.
Wheeler, Howard E.
Whilley, Arthur W.
Whistler, Sanford A.— Pvt., 3d Battalion, llth U.S.M.
Whitehead, William A.— Corp., Co. A, 1st U. S. M.
Whitehead, William H.— Corp., Co. A, 1st U. S. M.
Wickwire, Henry J. — Pvt.
Wieland, Fred J.— Pvt.
Wieland, Henry L.
Wilczewski, Joseph J. — Pvt.
Wild, Frank C— Pvt., 4th Co.
Wilgus, Walter J.— Pvt.
Wilhelm, Alois M.— Pvt., 406th Co.
Wilke, Henry P. — Sgt., Aviation.
Williams, Bernard F.— Pvt., 268th Co.
Williams, Charles W.
Willison, Everett E.
Wilsh, James H.
Wilson, John R.
Wilson, Charles.
Wincenciak, William.
Winters, George J. — Pvt.
Wismewski, John M.
Withnell, Joseph E.
Witkowski, Frank N.— Pvt, Co. D, llth U. S. M.
Witkowski, Nicholas.
Wolcott, Norman A. — Pvt.
Wolf, Frank L.
Wolfe, James A.
Wojciak, Ignatius — Pvt.
Wojczynski, Anthony.
Wojcinski, Walter.
Wojthoviak, Max.
Wojtkawick, Steve J.— Pvt.
Wolcott, Norman A.
Wozniak, Stephen W.
Yaeger, Adolph.
Yates, Richard C.
Yohn. William E.— Pvt., 62d Co., 2d U. S. M.
Young, Henry A.
Young, James J. — Pvt.
Yuhnke, Frederick W.
Zemrok, Bronislaw.
Zemrsk, Bronislaus— Pvt., Co. E., llth U. S. M.
Zenefels, Herbert F.
Zenger, Edward J.
Zgliniski, Edward.
Zwolinski, Louis.
BASE HOSPITAL No. 23
MALE MEMBERS OF UNIT
Adams, Harry E. — Pvt.
Adams, John R. — Pvt.
Allan, Herbert W.— Sgt.
Anderson, Carl D. — Pvt.
Auer, Joseph H. — Pvt.
Avery, George H. — Pvt.
Bachman. Aloysius A. — Pvt.
Bachman, Joseph V. — Pvt.
Barr, Howard P. — Pvt.
Beck, Alfred W.— Pvt.
Belzer, Lester J. — Pvt.
Betts, Joseph B. — Capt.
Bluestein, Louis R. — Pvt.
Boland, Daniel C— Pvt.
Booth, George T.— Pvt.
Boswell, Lambert F., Jr. — Cook.
Brennan, Joseph P. — Capt.
Briggs, George V. — Pvt.
Brydon, Robert H.— Pvt.
Bullard, Edwin W.— Pvt.
Burke, Raymond P. — Pvt.
Burrows, Lorenzo, Jr. — Capt.
Canon, Leonard B. — Pvt.
Carr, Joseph V. — Pvt.
Carroll, William F.— Pvt.
Castle, Gordon B.— Pvt.
Clay, Paul E.— Pvt.
Clinton, Marshall — Major.
Cole, Herbert L.— Cook.
Conkling, Milton W.— Pvt.
Creahan, Milton W.— Pvt.
Curtis, Logan H. — Pvt.
Daigler, Charles A. — Pvt.
Darlington, Robert F.— Pvt.
Davis, John F.— Pvt.
De Ceu, Robert E.— Capt.
De Niord, Richard N. — 1st Lieut.
Doherty, George C. — Sgt.
Doherty, James M. — Pvt.
Donovan, Timothy F. — 1st Lieut.
Drasgow, Aloysius J. — Pvt.
Drexelius, Carl — Sgt.
Dunn, Earle — Pvt.
Eichman, John, Jr. — Pvt.
Elmslie, Agnes G. — Lab. Assistant.
Engel, Daniel C— Pvt.
Erway, Earle P.— Pvt.
Fairbanks, Howard C. — 1st Lieut.
Fairbairn, John F. — Major.
Felton, Chester C— Sgt.
Ferguson, Kenneth C. — Pvt.
Fischer, Anthony L. — Pvt.
Fish, Raymond J. — Pvt.
Fitzgerald, Robert E.— Pvt.
Forbes, James H. — Pvt.
Freeman, Geo. H. — Pvt.
Freidenberger, Philip D. — Pvt.
Friel, Charles H.— Sgt.
Gartner, Albert A. — 1st Lieut.
Garwood, Wm. C— Pvt.
Gifford, Carl J.— Pvt.
Guilbert, Wm. J.— Pvt.
Glynn, John T.— Pvt.
Gomez, Juan R. — Pvt.
Goodwin, Frank P. — Capt.
Greenles, Charles L. — Pvt.
Griffith, Dalton A.— Pvt.
Hack, Clarence E.— Pvt.
Harding, Geo. W.— Pvt.
Hardy, Hanford K. — 1st Lieut.
Hayes, Leslie G. — Pvt.
Henesey, John R. — Pvt.
Henry, Alfred J.— Pvt.
Hickey, Joseph H. — Pvt.
Hill, Harry J.— Pvt.
Hodges, John A. — Pvt.
Hook, Leo T.— Pvt.
Hourigan, Peter C. — Cook.
Howell, Stephen E.— Pvt.
Jackson, Paul E. — Pvt.
Jones, Clarence G. — Pvt.
Joyce, Donald M. — Pvt.
Joyce, Douglas D. — Pvt.
Karcher, Harry M. — Pvt.
Kavalick, Michael A. — Pvt.
Kennedy, Charles T. — Cook.
Kinley, Lewis F. — Pvt.
Klopfer, Leroy E. — Pvt.
Knocke, Elmer J. — 1st Lieut.
Lees, Howard B. — Pvt.
Lendrim, John S. — Pvt.
Leonard, William J. — Pvt.
Lindholm, Carl L.— Pvt.
Lund, Eiler C— Pvt.
McChesney, Irvin G. — Pvt.
McDowell, Hugh C— 1st Lieut.
McGinnis, Charles A. — Pvt.
McGraw, John A. — Pvt.
McGuire, Francis W. — Capt.
McKee, Charles F.— Pvt.
McKenney, Descum C. — Capt.
Machemer, Walter L. — 1st Lieut.
Mann. Baldwin — Capt.
Mark, Russell T.— Pvt.
Markwardt, Henry — Pvt.
Martorana, Frank J., Jr. — Pvt.
Mathers, George A. — Pvt.
May, Herman F. — 1st Lieut.
Meahl, Roswell P.— Pvt.
Millet, J. A. P.— 1st Lieut.
Morrissey, Franklin J. — Pvt.
Mouck, Carrol L. — Pvt.
Murphy, Eugene F. — Pvt.
Neeley, Fred E. — Cook.
O'Hara, William P.— Cook.
Oyen, Olaf L.— Pvt.
Page, Lawrence D. — Pvt.
Parish, Sherwood W.— Pvt.
Pickering, Cyrenius C, Jr. — Pvt.
Ranney, George T. — Pvt.
Ranney. Robert J. — Pvt.
Rast, Robert R.— Sgt.
Rebstock, Carl L.— Pvt.
Reed, Herbert— Pvt.
Rice, George E. — Pvt.
Rivers, Noble G.— Pvt.
Roberts, Russell, Jr. — Pvt.
Rothang, Clarence W. — Pvt.
Rowley. Frank B.— Pvt.
Rukke, Guy V. — Major.
Russell, Nelson G. — Major.
Salisbury, Lloyd M. — Sgt.
Schenck, Edward J. — Pvt.
Schwartzenburg, Edmund R. — Pvt
Schwendler, Nicholas J. — Pvt.
Scott, Joseph C— Pvt.
Sheridan, Harold B.— Pvt.
Shone, Walter G.— Pvt.
Slaper, Frederick A. — Pvt.
Smalling, Hillary G. — Cook.
Smith, Herbert A. — Captain.
Smyth, Robert M.— Pvt.
Stanley, Douglas — Pvt.
Steele, Homer G.— Pvt.
Steinmiller, Arthur H. — Pvt.
Stephen, Walter W.— Pvt.
Stewart, John R.— Pvt.
Stockman, Frank G. — Pvt.
Strite, Raymond A. — Pvt.
Storms, Chelsa L. — 1st Lieut.
Sullivan, Albert E.— Pvt.
Sullivan, John J., Jr. — Pvt.
Taylor, George — Pvt.
Thompson, Archibald — 1st Lieut.
Thomson, George W. — Pvt.
Tobin, Thomas— Pvt.
Trowbridge, John F. — Pvt.
Tubbs, Fred S.— Pvt.
Twigg, Philip E.— Sgt.
Valente, Herman — Pvt.
Valente, James P. — Pvt.
Van Valkenburgh, Wm. J.— Sgt.
Veale, William F.— Pvt.
Vogt, Harry E.— Pvt.
Wadsworth, George.
W'annenwetsch, Theodore A. — Pvt.
Warren, Seth P.— Pvt.
Waterhouse, Chas. J. — Pvt.
676
Buffalo's Part in the World War
Watson, Robert J. — Pvt.
Webster, Hercules N. — Pvt.
Webster, Leo A. — Pvt.
Weppner, Howard L. — Sgt.
BASE HOSPITAL No. 23-
Whistler, Lawrence V. — Pvt.
Wilkes, M. — Secy.
Williams, Boyd M.— Pvt.
Williamson, Eugene N. — Pvt.
Con.
Wingertszohn, Henry M.-
Wink, Frank J.— Pvt.
Yates, Howard N. — Pvt.
Zittel, Harold E.— Pvt.
-Pvt.
BUFFALONIANS IN POLISH ARMY
Adamczyk, Tomasz.
Adamczyk, Wladyslaw.
Adamiak, Stanislaw.
Adamiak, Wojciech.
Alajko, Antoni.
Andrzejci, Jan.
Apczynski, Szczepan.
Arasin, Antoni.
Ardasinski, Jan.
Baczynski, Adam.
Balcerek, Franciszek.
Bandura, Franciszek.
Baranowski, Franciszek.
Baranski, Jozef.
Baron, Wojciech.
Bartkowski, Alexander.
Basztura, Maksymilian.
Bednarski, Tomasz.
Betka, Andrzej.
Bielinski, Stanislaw.
Bielski, Wladyslaw.
Bieniarz, Karol.
Bijak, Jozef.
Bilmicki, Jan.
Blaszez, Jan.
Bogacki, Edmund.
Bogdanowicz, Antoni.
Bontczkowski, Eladyslaw.
Bontkowski, Waclaw.
Borkowski, Antoni.
Borkowski, Grzegorz.
Borkowski, Kazimierz.
Borowiak, Kazimierz.
Bosek, Jan.
Bozek, Jozef.
Brach, Eladyslaw.
Broniszewski, Wincenty.
Brzesinski, Tomasz.
Brzostowski, Edward.
Buciek, Wojciech.
Buczynski, Adam.
Bugdal, Szczepan.
Bujalski, Franciszek.
Bujalski, Jozef.
Bukolt, Stanislaw.
Bulina, Jan.
Bulina, Piotr.
Buza. Piotr.
Chelniski, Wincenty.
Chojnacki, Eladyslaw.
Chomicki, Karol.
Chrostowski, Feliks.
Ciech, Walenty.
Ciencier, Wojciech.
Ciesielski, Jozef.
Ciesielski, Wojciech.
Cyral, Michal.
Cyran, Jan.
Czachowski, Maryan.
Czapek, Wladyslaw.
Czapski, Wincenty.
Czarnecki, Franciszek
Czekalski, Boleslaw.
Czmiel, Franciszek.
Czosnek, Josef.
Czubak, Jan.
Czubnicki, Jakob.
Czynny, Jozef.
Czyprynski, Alexander.
Dabrowski, Jozef.
Dabrowski, Kazimierz.
Dadziak, Wawrzyniec.
Damasiewicz, Stanislaw.
Danek, Ludwik.
Dec, Antoni.
Dega, Stanislaw.
Dembowski, Leon.
Dobisz, Franciszek.
Dolski, Michal.
Domachowski, Jan.
Domagala, Jan.
Domaniewski, Szczepan.
Domanski, Michal.
Domanski, Wladyslaw.
Dorylak, Wojciech.
Dragan, Andrzej.
Drzystek, Kazimierz.
Dudek, Jozef.
Dudek, Jozef.
Dudek, .Jozef.
Dulanski, Maciej.
Dunal, Franciszek.
Dybalski, Jan.
Dziedzic, Walenty.
Dziewonski, Teodor.
Dziminski, Jan.
Dziura, Kazimierz.
Fabian, .Jan.
Fabiancik, .Jan.
Faldrowicz, Maciej.
Faldrowicz, Marcin.
Felik, Jan.
Fiderowicz, Jan.
Fiedko, Antoni.
Figura, Jan.
Filipowicz, Wladyslaw.
Frak, Tomasz.
Frankiewicz, Michal.
Fronczak, Wojciech.
Gabinek, Albert.
Gadowski, Jozef.
Galik, Antoni.
Gardon, Michal.
Gasior, Jozef.
Gawron, Wladyslaw.
Gawrysiak, Jan.
Gemba, Stanislaw.
Gezinski, Stanislaw.
Gdniewicz, Wincenty.
Glabin, Stanislaw.
Glazek, Stanislaw.
Glogoza, Jozef.
Glowacki, Antoni.
Gniewecki, Stanislaw.
Godzan, Wincenty.
Goga, Ignac.
Gogola, .Jozef.
Golabek, Stanislaw.
Golabek, Wojciech.
Golaszewski, Antoni.
Golubiewski, Jan.
Goral, Jan.
Gozinski, Stanislaw.
Grabarek, Stanislaw.
Graczyk, Michal.
Gradzik, Jan.
Granatowicz, Jozef.
Greda, Franciszek.
Grochowski, Jozef.
Grunecki, Stanislaw.
Gruz, Alexander.
Grygierczyk, Franciszek.
Grysinski, Franciszek.
Grzankowski, Franciszek.
Grzelak, Stanislaw.
Grzeszczyk, Stanislaw.
Gunikowski, Boleslaw.
Gurczynski, Jozef.
Gwozdziecki, Jan.
Hadam, Wawrzyniec.
Haniszewski, Boleslaw.
Hapka, Antoni.
Hejny, Antoni.
Helecki, Ignacy.
Helmiak, Stanislaw.
Hereta, Pawel.
Hernik, Wladyslaw.
Horo, Jakob.
Hoppe, Witold.
BUFFALONIANS IN POLISH ArMY
677
BUFFALONIANS IN POLISH ARMY— Con.
Hotlos, Jan.
Hulnowski, Kazimierz.
Jablonski, .Juliusz.
Jablonski, Stanislaw.
Jogodzienski, Franciszek.
Jagodzinski, Jozef.
Janarek, Jozef.
Janczarek, Antoni.
Janicki, Roman.
Janik, Franciszek.
Janiszewski, Wladyslaw.
Janski, Zygmunt.
Januszewski, Wiktor.
Jasinski, Wladyslaw.
Jastrzemski, Adam.
Jez, Adam.
Juga, Walenty.
.Jurewicz, Serafin.
Jurkowski, Wincenty.
Juszczak, Jan.
Jusko, Jan.
Just, Alexander.
Kaczmarczyk, Franciszek.
Kaczmarczyk, Wojciech.
Kaczmarski, Stanislaw.
Kaczor, Blazej.
Kaczynski, Franciszek.
Kaczynski, Stanislaw.
Kaldunek, Franciszek.
Kalinka, Wojciech.
Kalinowski, Wladyslaw.
Kantowski, Alexander.
Kapsiak, Stanislaw.
Karaskiewicz, Teofil.
Kargol, Jan.
Karlinski, Jan.
Katzman, Jozef.
Kawecki, Antoni.
Kazmierczak, Stanislaw.
Kazukiewicz, Antoni.
Kedra, Piotr.
Kiszka, Jan.
Klimek, Ludwik.
Klimowicz. Franciszek.
Kmieciak, Antoni.
Kmieciak, Stanislaw.
Kocinski, Michal.
Koguc, Jan.
Kokotowski, Jakob.
Kokoszka, Wojciech.
Kolacz, Wojciech.
Kolodziejczyk, Franciszek.
Komaszewski, Stanislaw.
Konieczny, Jozef.
Konstanciak, Adam.
Kopcinski, Michal.
Koprowski, Antoni.
Korcz, Tomasz.
Kornaszewski, Kazimierz.
Kornatowski, Jozef.
Kosinski, August.
Kosinski, Szczepan.
Koska, Franciszek.
Kot, Jozef.
Kowalski, Andrzej.
Kowalski, Dominik.
Kowalski, Franciszek.
Kowalski, Jan.
Kowalski, Jozef.
Kowalski, Mateusz.
Kowalski, Wladyslaw.
Kozak, Antoni.
Koziel, Edward
Koziel, Edward. .
Koziel, Edward.
Koziel, Jan.
Koziolek, Alojzy.
Kozlowski, Franciszek.
Kozlowski, Jan.
Kozlowski, Jan.
Krakowiak, Antoni.
Krausa, Alexander.
Krawczyk, Jan.
Krawczyk, Kasper.
Krawczyk, Nazor.
Kreciszewski. Jan.
Kregiel, Jozef.
Krieger, Karol.
Krol, Andrzej.
Krol, Antoni.
Krol, Jan.
Krol, Stanislaw.
Krol, Wladyslaw.
Kroll, Marcin.
Krupka, Stanislaw.
Kruszynski, Edward.
Krychowiak, Mateusz.
Krysiak, Marcin.
Krystyniak, Piotr.
Krysztofczyk, Ignacy.
Krzeszek, Jan.
Krzew'iec, Stanislaw.
Krzyzanowski, Wiktor.
Kszak, Jan.
Kubicki, Michal.
Kubik, Michal.
Kuc, Franciszek.
Kucieba, Pawel.
Kucina, Jan.
Kuczynski, Stanislaw.
Kukla, Jozef.
Kupczyk, Stefan.
Kutera, Adam.
Kutrowski, Franciszek.
Kutrybala, Stefan.
Kuziembo, Michal.
Kwapisz, Jan.
Kwiatkowski, Franciszek.
Kwiatkowski, Stanislaw.
Kwietniewski. Izydor.
Labecki, Michal.
Lacik, Tomasz.
Lapczynski, Edmund.
Laszcz, Jozef.
Laszkiewicz, Leon.
Latka, Franciszek.
Lazarz, .Jan.
Ledwan, Jozef.
Ledzian, Jan.
Ledzian, Jozef.
Ledzian, Szymon.
Lemczycki, Andrzej.
Lesinski, Wawrzyniec.
Lewandowski, Jan.
Linkowski, Jan.
Lipa, Maciej.
Lipiec, Wawrzyniec.
Lipinski, Leon.
Listerek. Piotr.
Lubak, .Jan.
Lubanski, Julian.
Lubecki, Jan.
Luczak, Jan.
Luczkowski, Feliks.
Lukasik, Karol.
Lukasik, Mateusz.
Maciaz, Wladyslaw.
Maciejewski, Wladyslaw.
Mackowiak, Franciszek.
Madrala, Walenty.
Maj, Franciszek.
Majczak, Stanislaw.
Majka, Jan.
Makowski, Jan.
Maksymowicz, Wladyslaw.
Malecki, Jan.
Malecki, Jan.
Manko, Wincenty.
Mankowski, .Jan.
Markut, Jan.
Maslanka, Stanislaw.
Maslowski, Stanislaw.
Matuszewski, .Jakob.
Matysiak, Stanislaw.
Mazda, Andrzej.
Mazor, Stanislaw.
Mazur, Tomasz.
Mazurowski. Tomasz.
Melant, Karol.
Melech, Franciszek.
Merta, Antoni.
Miaczynski, Stanislaw.
Michus, Jan.
Migdalski, Walenty.
Miluk, Boleslaw.
Mirowski, Jozef.
Misiakiewicz, Jan.
Mistal, Stanislaw.
Mlodzianowski, Henryk.
Morek, Piotr.
678
Buffalo's Part in the World War
Mozalewski, Roman.
Mozdzek, Jan.
Mrowcza, Stanislaw.
Mroz, Szymon.
Mucha, Jacenty.
Mulak, Jozef.
Muszynski, Jozef.
Mysliwiec, Jan.
Nadolski, Walenty.
Nagorski, Jozef.
Nawojski, Franciszak.
Nawrocki, Stanislaw.
Niciporuk, Antoni.
Niec, Jozef.
Niedbalski, Wladyslaw.
Niegel, Antoni.
Niemiec, Jozef.
Niezgoda, Wojciecti.
Niznik, Franciszek.
Nowacki, Stanislaw.
Nowak, Jozef.
Nowak, Ludwik.
Nowak, Stanislaw.
Nowak, Wincenty.
Nowakowski, Roman.
Nowicki, Bernard.
Nowicki, Jozef.
Nowinski. Stanislaw.
Oczowinski, Wladyslaw.
Ogorzaly, Wojciech.
Okrzas, Franciszek.
Oldziejewski, Kazimierz.
Oleksinski, Antoni.
Oles, Michal.
Opadla, Ignacy.
Organisciak, Michal.
Osmialek, Jan.
Ostrowski, Bronislaw.
Paciorkowski, Antoni.
Palczynski, Antoni.
Palka, Franciszek.
Palka, Tomasz.
Paner, Waclaw.
Papierz, Andrzej.
Paryna, Jozef.
Parzynski, Jan.
Pawlowski, Adam.
Pawlowski, Jan.
Pelcznski, Jan.
Penzol, Adam.
Peplowski, Jan.
Piantkowski, Andrej.
Piatkowski, Andrej.
Piesiak, Kasper.
Pinderak, Walenty.
Pinkowski, Stanislaw.
Piotrowski. Michael.
Piotrowski, Stanislaw.
Pisazewski, Franciszek.
Pitucki, Tomasz.
BUFFALONIANS IN POLISH ARMY-
Piwowarczyk, Jan.
Piwowarczyk, Jozef.
Piurecki, Stanislaw.
Podgorski, Jan.
Podolski, Andrzej.
Podolski, Ludwik.
Podlecki, Alojzy.
Polaski, Wladyslaw.
Politowski, Konstanty.
Poplawski, Stanislaw.
Postek, Waclaw.
Prabucki, Franciszek.
Prawda, Blazej.
Przepiorka, Pawel.
Przyzocki, Tomasz.
Ptak, Stanislaw.
Pysz, Stanislaw.
Raczka, Andrezej.
Raczko, Jozef.
Raczkowski, Jan.
Raczynski, Lukasz.
Radecki, Leon.
Radzikowski, Piotr.
Rajkowski, Boleslaw.
Raszynski, Jan.
Rechowicz, Antoni.
Redlinski, Alexander.
Rembisz, Franciszek.
Robak, Alexander.
Rogalski, Michal.
Roldanik, Jozef.
Rosewski, Wojciech.
Rozmiarek, Stanislaw.
Rozwalka, Alexander.
Rugala, Jan.
Rutkowski, Feliks.
Rutkowski, Zygmunt.
Rysiak, Jan.
Rzewucki, Adam.
Sajur, Antoni.
Salapski, Wladyslaw.
Sarzynski, Jozef.
Sawicki, Marcin.
Schabek, Franciszek.
Schabowski, Jozef.
Sciganski, Stanislaw.
Senc, Jozef.
Serej, Leon.
Siembida. Jozef.
Siemienkiewicz, Kazimierz.
Sierko, Michal.
Sindak, Piotr.
Sitarski, Jozef.
Sito, Antoni.
Skalski, Jan.
Skoniecki, Jan.
Skotnicki, Stanislaw.
Skowronski, Jozef.
Skrabucha, Ludwik.
Skrzynski, Stanislaw.
-Con.
Skulski, Ludwik.
Skuniecki, Wladyslaw.
Skurski, Jan.
Sliwinski, Wiktor.
Slominski, Wincenty.
Slonia, Jozef.
Sloniszewski, Tadeusz.
Sloniszewski, Boleslaw.
Smolarek, Michal.
Smolarski, Stefan.
Smyslowski, Andrzej.
Sobczak, Jozef.
Sobita, Jan.
Sobocinski, Piotr.
Sobotka, Maryan.
Socha, Franciszek.
Spus, Konstanty.
Stachera, Jozef.
Staniszewski, Wawrzyniec.
Starzynski, Karol.
Stefanski, Alexander.
Stafanski, Michal.
Stefanski, Walenty.
Stempin, Antoni.
Stopinski, Boleslaw.
Styczynski, Andrzej.
Suchorski, Adam.
Sjuda, Jan.
Surowiec, Jan.
Susko, Antoni.
Swiat, Franciszek.
Swierk, Jan.
Swierzewski, Stanislaw.
Swierzynski, Piotr.
Swistek. Karol.
Switalski, Ignancy.
Sygnowski, Jozef.
Sylka, Jan.
Syrko, Stefan
Szadek, Stanislaw.
Szczepanski, Jan.
Szczepanski, Jan.
Szczepanski, Walenty.
Szczepankiewicz, Teodor.
Szczytkowski, Bernard.
Szostek, Karol.
Sztaba, Antoni.
Szurchan, Franciszek.
Szwajda, Jan.
Szymanski, Jan.
Szymanski, Wiktor.
Szymczak, Jozef.
Szymula, Stanislaw.
Szymula, Wincenty.
Szyszko, Andrzej.
Taranowicz, Jozef.
Tarapaczynski, Mieczyslaw.
Targaszewski, Jozef.
Tarnowicz, Konstanty.
Tetlak, Marcin.
Red Cross Leaders
679
BUFFALONIANS IN POLISH ARMY— Con.
Tokarski, Michal.
Tomaszewski, Jan.
Tomczak, Jan.
Tomczyk, Wladyslaw.
Tomczyk, Franciszek.
Torczyk, Jan.
Trojanowski, Leon.
Tryczynski, Wladyslaw.
Tuchewicz, Bronislaw.
Tulinski, Ludwik.
Turek, Jan
Tuznik, Jozef.
Twarog, Apolinary.
Twarog, Feliks.
Tworek, Jozef.
Tyczewski, Wladyslaw.
Tymurski, Stanislaw.
Tyrakow.ski, Stefan.
Ujazda, Tomasz.
Urganiak, Jozef.
Waclawski, Mikolaj.
Walczyk, Ludwik.
Walecki, Jan.
Walkowiak, Bernard.
Wardynski, Zygmunt.
Wasilenko, Stefan.
Wasilewski, Jozef.
Wasilewski, Konstanty.
Wawrzyniak, Wojciech.
Wegorowski, Jozef.
Wegorowski, Paulin.
Wesolowski, Jan.
Wesolowski, Jozef.
Widzisz, Michal.
Wiecki, Piotr.
Wieczorek, Wladyslaw.
Wielczopolski, Jozef.
Wielniski, Piotr.
Wierzbcki, Jozef.
Wikierski, Ludwik.
Wilkiel, Jozef.
Winiecki, Jakob.
Winkler, Edward.
Wipiur, Antoni.
Wisniewski, Andrzej.
Wisniewski, Antoni.
Wisniewski, Jozef.
Witkowski, Jozef.
Wlowinski, Szczesny.
Wojciechowski, Jozef.
Wojcieszak, Jozef.
Wojcieszak, Jozef.
Wojcik, Franciszek.
Wojkowski, Franciszek.
Wojnarowski, Stanislaw.
Wojtowicz, .Jan.
Wolak, Jan.
Wolanczyk, Jozef.
Wolc, Jan.
Woloszyn, Adam.
Wronowski, Adam.
Wronski, Franciszek.
Wronski, Jan.
Wrzaskowski, Stanislaw.
Wyklinski, Franciszek.
Wypych, Feliks.
Wyrzewski, Wladyslaw.
Wyzrkowski, Stanislaw.
Wyrzyna, Franciszek.
Zabierowski, Jan.
Zaboszynski, Jozef.
Zadrozny, Pawel.
Zagrodnik, Pawel.
Zaidel, Marceli.
Zaj, Stanislaw.
Zajac, Franciszek.
Zajac, Michal.
Zajac, Stanislaw.
Zalewski, Stanislaw.
Zamorek, Jozef.
Zapalowski, Konstanty.
Zaradzki, Jan.
Zarzycki, Walenty.
Zatara, Jan.
Zawadzki, Kazimierz.
Zawadzki, Leon.
Zawadzki, Mieczyslaw.
Zawierucha, Jan.
Zawistowski, Alexander.
Zbiezak, .Jan.
Zborowski, Ludwik.
Zdankiewicz, Henryk.
Zdyb, Karol.
Zielinski, Antoni.
Ziemba, Wojciech.
Zientara, Jozef.
Zientarski, Wojciech.
Zientkowski, Jozef.
Zietkiewicz, Franciszek.
Ziolowski, Antoni.
Zolnowski, Jozef.
Zuchowski, Stanislaw.
Barnes, Walter H.
Blanott, Harold E.— Pvt., Driver.
Bosworth, Harlan P.
Book, Alexander — Navy Relief So.
Bothwell, Harris.
Bryant, William L.
Chamberlain, John.
Coatsworth, C. J.
Dack, Alphonse— Pvt. G July 14,
1918, Rheims.
Deuel, Harro O. — 1st Lieut.,
Greece.
Detmers, Walter H. — Camp Lee,
Va.
Frank, Willard C. — Lieut., Driver.
RED CROSS LEADERS
OVERSEAS SERVICE
Glenny, W. Henry.
Gnozzo, Daniel A. — Sgt.
Goodyear, C. W.
Harjis, Norton — Ambulance Unit.
Hazard, W. C. R.
How, James.
Humphries, Lutherland M. — 2d Lt.
Kellogg, Spencer, .Jr.
Kingston, Douglas P. — Lieut.
Awarded the Chevalier of the Crown of
Rumania for performing hazardous and
important work as courier for the Am.
Red Cross in the Balkans. Also awarded
the French Croix de Guerre for distin-
guished service in the war.
Kirkover, Harry D.
Meadows, William G. — Capt.
McCreary, .James B.
McGraw, F. Sears, Jr.
Mitchell, R. R.
Mixer, Knowlton, Sr.
Murray, Clifford J.
Olmsted, Seymour H. — Lieut.
Pelham, Edward — Lieut.
Awarded the Chevalier of the Crown of
Rumania for gallant service for the Red
Cross in the Balkans.
Smith, Henry Oliver.
Spaulding, E. G.
Thomson, Arthur E. — Ambulance
Unit.
Watson, Arnold B.
Wickwire, J. R.
RED CROSS NURSES
Allen, Maude A.
Allan, Jean McK.
Albon, PearleM.
Achillis, Edith.
Artis, Anastasia.
Asher, Gertrude E.
Ash ton, Alice M.
Augustine, Blanche E. — Base Hospital No. 23.
Austin, Anne — Base Hospital No. 23.
Austin, Anna L.
Bacon, Nellie E.
Baker, Gladys — Base Hospital No. 23.
Baker, Jean A.
Balfour, Jessie L.
Ballou, Josephine.
Barr, Mabel — Base Hospiltal No. 23.
Batchelder, Eva M.
Beemer, Mildred J. — Base Hospital No. 23.
Bell, Bertha M.— Base Hospital No. 23.
Bell, Maud— Base Hospital No. 23.
Bensink, Jennie H.
Berlis, Monetta M.
Birk, Minnie B.
Bissell, N. Grace— Unit No. 114.
Blass, Edna A.
Blott, Elizabeth J. — 1st Lieut., Canadian Army Medi-
cal Corps.
Bouwhuis, Clara — Unit No. 93.
Borden, Mabel E.
Bourgeois, Mary M.
Brennan, Mary T.
Briody, Josephine — Base Hospital No. 23.
Bruce, Margaret — Base Hospital No. 23.
Buchan, Eva L.
Caldwell, Mabelle E.— Base Hospital No. 23.
Campbell, Margaret B.
Campbell, Sara L. — Base Hospital No. 23.
Cannon, Minnie J.
Carney, Evelyn C. — Base Hospital No. 23.
Carpenter, Florence L. — Base Hospital No. 23.
Casten, Helen M.
Caughell, Bess M.
Chubbuck, Gertrude R.
Clark, Luella J.— Base Hospital No. 23.
Claus, Dorothy.
Clinch, Frances A.
Coleman, Jennie.
Collins, Helen M. — Base Hospital No. 115, Vichy, Frnc.
Conlon, Anna.
Connelly, Ethel — Replacement Unit No. 3.
Connolly, Ethel U.
Cooper, Adeline M.
Couch, Mary A.
Coulson, May I. — Base Hospital No. 6.
Crawford, Edna M.— Base Hospital No. 23.
Crawford, Jean W. — Base Hospital No. 23.
Cummer, Sarah R.
Curovish, Eva G.
Curran, Katherine.
Czerwenski, Effie S.
Daley, Margaret — Base Hospital No. 23.
Dane, Augusta — Base Hospital No. 115.
Damn, Myrtle.
Dane, Cecelia A.
Davis, Mildred J. — Base Hospital No. 23.
Davis, Orma C.
Davis, Zelma P. — Base Hospital No. 19, France.
Delane, Jessie W.
Devitt, Bertha— Base Hospital No. 23.
Dodman, Elma.
Donaldson, Elizabeth.
Donovan, Nellie — Base Hospital No. 23.
Dudley, Flora I.— Base Hospital No. 23.
Dundas, Loretta M.
Dunkle, Vera.
Durant, Wenonah.
Dustin, Bertha D.
Dykeman, Nina.
Elmslie, Agnes G.
Elsaesser, Elizabeth.
Emge, Gertrude A.
Engeland, Mildred — Base Hospital No. 23.
Engeland, Mildred.
Erb, Margaret C.
Evans, Frances M. — Base Hospital No. 23.
Evans, Frances M.
Farrell, Florence.
Felber, Leah E. — Army Nurse Corp., U. S. A. General
Hospital No. 2.
Fenwick, M. Eva — Base Hospital No. 23.
Fenwick, Mary E.
Fisher, Agnes L.
Fromholzer, Leona M.
Gardiner, Mable L. — Base Hospital No. 23.
Geissinger, Estelle.
Genoud, Cecile M.
Geyer, Mrs. Alice A.
Gifford, Nellie K.~( Residence 46 W. 4th Street, Dun-
kirk, N.Y.)
Gilday, Agnes— U. S. Emt. Hospital No. 4.
Glashener, Katherine M.
Goldsborough, Ethel.
Grahamski, Anastasia.
Graham, Clara L
Grant, Cora B. — Replacement Unit No. 1, A. E. F.
Grantham, M. Charlotte.
Griffith, Florence M.
Haas, Alice M.
Halberg, Selma T.
Hallett, Hazel E.
Hamilton, Ada P.— Base Hospital No. 23.
Hammer, Lydia.
Red Cross Nurses
681
RED CROSS
Hammersmith, Edna B.
Harr, Irene C.
Hartrauft, W.
Haynes, Susanne M.
Healy, Mary—Corp. DD October 4, 1918, at Camp
Upton, L. I.
Hendry, Fern M.
Hehehan, Mary.
Hennessey, Margaret W. — Base Hospital No. 23.
Hewitt, Ann.
Hughes, Helen N.
Hull, Josephine — Base Hospital No. 23.
Hutton, Jessie.
Jarvis, Janet R.
Jehle, Martha J.
Judson, Claire D. — Base Hospital No. 23.
Kelly, Rhoda V.
Kew, Marie — Base Hospital, Camp Mills.
Kinaid, Katherine.
Knight. Josephine.
Knopf, Mabel M.
Lane, Marie E.
La Roque, Emma.
Laurence, Joseph D. — Base Hospital Unit 63.
Leeder, Bessie G — U. S. General Hospital, the Bronx,
New York City.
Lillie, Portia H.
Lipcynski, Helen M. — Unit No. 68.
Loder, Margaret.
Love, Eleda A.
Macfadden, Kate.
Macintosh, Mary L.
MacKay, Marjorie.
Macpherson, Catherine M.
Madsen, Louise A.
Magee, Berna.
Mahl, Mary — Base Hospital No. 23.
Mason, Mrs. Suzanne H. — U. S. General Hospital,
Oswego, N. Y.
McCabe, Genevieve I.
McCleary, Anna.
MeCombs, EmmaL.
McCourt, Kathleen.
McCrady, Anna — Head of LTnit, American Red Cross,
Base Hospital No. 117.
McCrady, Elizabeth M. — Base Hospital, Lyons, France
McCready, Grace.
McDade, Bessie.
McDade, Cora — Base Hospital No. 23.
McDade, Cora M.
McDonald, Anna B. — Base Hospital No. 23.
McGahey, Rose I.
Mcintosh, M. Leone — Base Hospital No. 23.
McKinnon, Margaret.
McLaren, Edna L. — Stenographer, Base Hospital No. 23
McNaughton, Jennie M. — Base Hospital No. 23.
McNaughton, Margaret E.
Meadows, Helena — Base Hospital No. 23.
Meek, Mary A. — Base Hospital No. 23.
Mernagh, Anna.
NURSES— Con.
Millard, Elizabeth J. — Army Nurse Corps, in charge at
Ft. Wayne and Detroit.
Minet, Anna C. — Base Hospital No. 23.
Mioducki, Helen E. — Ft. Benjamin Harrison, Maryland
Moran, Mary I.
Moreland, Margaret.
Morningstar, Martha — Base Hospital No. 23.
Morrison, Martha A.
Mugler, Lillian.
Muirhead, Eva.
Munro, Mary E.
Munshaw, Kathleen H. — Base Hospital No. 23.
Muson, Lucile.
Murray, Bessie — Base Hospital No. 23.
Murray, Bessie S.
Nelson, Hilda M.
Nicol, AnneE.
Nolan, Mary A.
O'Day, Mary E. — Base Hospital, Camp Jackson, S. C.
Odell, Agnes B.
Olesen, Beulah C.
Olsen, Anna K.
Owen, Alice G.
Palmer, Jennie McN.
Patterson, Mrs. Rhoda C.
Penhall, Dorothy M.
Phillips, Adelle M.
Phillips, Laurie.
Pierce, Maude L.
Pomeroy, Edith C. — Reconstruction Aide, Camp
Devens, Mass.
Pomeroy, Mildred M. — Army Nurse Corps, Ft. Wayne,
Detroit, Michigan.
Pratt, Frances E.
Purdon, Annie B.
Raiber, Bessie G.
Rau, Virginia A. — Naval Hospital, Portsmouth, Va.
Redmond, Grace H.
Reese, Edna — Base Hospital No. 23.
Rinn, Ella M.— Base Hospital No. 23.
Rochester, Anna P. — Canteen Worker, Red Cross Serv.
Roger, Elizabeth.
Rooney, Kathryn — Army Nurse Corps.
Rose, Mina — Base Hospital No. 23.
Rosen, Frank.
Ross, Mina.
Royce, Margaret L. — Base Hospital No. 23.
Russell, Alice N.
Russell, Florence B.
Ryan, Ada M.
Ryan, Anastasia.
Sage, Elsie M.
Sanders, Alice B.
Savage, Mary L.
Sarge, Elsie.
Scheferle, Elvira M.
Scherur, Dora — Base Hospital No. 23.
Scheuer, Dora.
Schluter, -Jessie M.
Schmid, Carol — Base Hospital No. 23.
682
Buffalo's Part in the World War
RED
Smith, Sara P.— Base Hospital No. 23.
Schrantz, Eva K.
Schumann, Marion G.
Sibbe, Levina.
Smith, Florence B.
Smith, Gertrude A.
Smith, Minnie.
Smith, Sara— Base Hospital No. 23.
Smith, Tessie.
Snyder, Emma G. — Base Hospital No. 23.
Snyder, Viola L.
Sparks, Ola.
Steele, Grace.
Stephen, Alice E.
Stephens, Hattie G.
Stephens, Josephine — Base Hospital No. 23.
Stephens, Josephine.
Stevenson, Mary A.
Stewart, Mabel B.
Stortz, Fannie B.
Strange, Lily H. — Base Hospital No. 23.
Strycher, Margaret.
Sullivan, Elizabeth M.
Sunderland, Jessie W.
Sutton, M. Fayette.
Swayze, Effie M.
Switzer, Ada A. — Base Hospital No. 23.
Switzer, Isabel L.
Taft, Nora.
Thompson, Pearl R.
CROSS NURSES— Con.
Towns, Irene E.
Urquhart, Jessie G. — Base Hospital No. 23.
Utley, Nola B.
Van Campen, Ruth L. — Base Hospital, Camp Lee.
Van Stone, Edith B.— Base Hospital No. 23.
Van Winkle, Elizabeth.
Vars, Mary Gertrude.
Waldorf, Jeanette — Base Hospital No. 23.
Walker, Frances M. — Base Hospital No. 23.
Wallace, Olive— Base Hospital No. 23.
Walsh, Norinne M. — Base Hospital No. 23.
Watson, Martha M.
Wattam, Mabel C— Base Hospital No. 23.
Weaver, Katherine M.
Welker, Frances M. — Base Hospital No. 23.
Weisch, Elizabeth L.— Base Hospital No. 23.
Wheeler, Margaret M.
Wilkes,Miriain B. — Stenographer,Base Hospital No. 23.
Williams, Annie.
William, Grace F. — Base Hospital No. 23.
Willoughby, Anna H. — (Residence, 40 Columbia Ave.,
Batavia, N. Y.)
Winter, Mary L. — Base Hospital No. 23.
Wood, Florence.
Wright, Florence M.
Young, Florence K. — Army Nurse Corps, U. S. Evacua-
tion Hospital No. 1.
Zieliwski, Antoinette R.
Zimmerman, Laura.
Zuchlewski, Francis J.
BUFFALO DOCTORS COMMISSIONED IN ARMY AND NAVY
Argus, Francis — Army.
Arthurs, G. W. — Army.
Babcock, Lloyd K. — Army.
Barone, Antonio L. — Army.
Barone, Charles J. — Army.
Barone. George Cosimo — Army.
Barone, Peter J. — Army.
Barone, Samuel — Army.
Barr, James P. — Army.
Bauckus, Herbert H. — Army.
Beals, Lynn Staley — Army.
Bebee, Edwin L. — Army.
Becker, George Adam — Army.
Belzer, Lawrence M. — Army.
Benedict, A. L. — Army.
Betts, Joseph B. — Army.
Bixby, Bert J. — Army.
Bolton, Plynn M. — Army.
Bork, Milton Edward — Army.
Bott, William J. — Army.
Boyle, Frederick M. — Army.
Brady, Bernard H. — Army.
Brady, Jno. Cunning — Army.
Brennan, Jos. Patrick — Army.
Brumberg, David — Army.
Brumberg, Joseph — Army.
Brundage, Frank E. — Army.
Buckley, Patrick H. J. — Army.
Bukowski, Boleslaus M. — Ariny.
Burke, Jos. P. F. — Army.
Burrows, Lorenzo, Jr. — Army.
Callahan, Andrew C. — Army.
Candee, Pierce J. — Army.
Carpenter, Archibald D. — Army.
Carr, Cornelius J. — Army.
Case, Otis J. — Navy.
Chadwick, John G. — Army.
Clark, Alfred Hull— Army.
Clarke, Elmer A. D. — Army.
Clinton, Marshall — Army.
Cohen, Julius Y. — Army.
Connors, Thomas William — Army.
Cooley, Raymond L. — Army.
Cott, Detzon N. — Army.
Cott, George Ferd. — Army.
Critchlow, George Read — Army.
Culbertson, Harold William — Ar.
DeCeu, Robert Edward — Army.
De Dominicis, Rocco N. — Army
Deerey, J. — Army.
DeGraff, Ralph M.— Army.
DeNiord, Richard N. — Army.
Debbie, Robert P. — Army.
Donovan, Timothy F. — Army.
Dooman, David S. — Army.
Duryea, Henry D. — Army.
Eaton, Earl Leo — Navy.
Eckel, George Joseph — Navy.
Edson, Ray Arthur — Army.
Ellison, Albert R. — Army.
Evans, John Henry — Army.
Fairbairn, John F. — Army.
Filsinger, Frederick W. — Army.
Fischer, Urban A. — Army.
Fisher, Roy C. — Army.
Flannery, John M. — Army.
Fowler, Robert G. — Army.
Francis,Lee M. — Army.
Frost, Carl G. — Army.
Frost, Edward L. — Army.
Gallagher, James L. — Army.
Gartner, Albert A. — Army.
Gaylord, Harvey R. — Army.
Geisler, George J. — Army.
Gianfrancheschi, Joseph S. — Army.
Goldberg, Milton H. — Army.
Goldsborough, Francis C. — Army.
Goodale, Walter S. — Army.
Grabau, John C. — Army.
Gram, Irving Franklin — Army.
Greinstein, Samuel — Army.
Volunteer Medical Service Corps
683
BUFFALO DOCTORS COMMISSIONED IN ARMY AND NAVY— Con.
Grotz, John G. — Army.
Haley, Francis J. — Army.
Hall, George McK. — Army.
Hammond, Harry J. — Army.
Harrison, Willis — Army.
Hauenstein, Barton F. — Army.
Heller, Jacob — Army.
Hendee, Lawrence — Army.
Hen.sel, Raymond — Army.
Hill, William 0.— Army.
Hinds, Robert W. — Army.
Hoehman, Howard — Army.
Hoffman, Charles C. — Navy.
Hoffman, Fred S. — Army.
Hoffman, Harvey P. — Army.
Howland, Jno. D. — Army.
Jacobs, William F. — Army.
Johnson, Harold B. — Army.
Jones, William Harry — Army.
Jung, Daniel, Jr. — Army.
Kearney, James I. — Army.
Kidder, Russell S. — Army.
Kiefer, Joseph N. — Army.
King, Robert — Army.
Klophel, Charles G. B. — Army.
Koenig, Edward Charles — Army.
Kohlhas, John Joseph — Army.
Kruse, Frank — Army.
Kujawa, Francis M. — Army.
Kummer, Clarence P. — Army.
Kurek, Leon S. — Army.
LaDuca, Joseph Peter — Army.
Lane, Charles W. — Army.
Lewis, James H. — Army.
Lewis, Joseph S. — Army.
Linklater, Eugene R. — Army.
Lohnes, Harry R. — Army.
Lojacono, Salvator C. — Army.
Long, Charles E. — Army.
Long, Frank H. — Army.
Lormor, Earl H. — Army.
Lothrop, Earl P. — Army.
Lucas, William C. — Army.
Ludwig, Howard J. — Army.
Lynch, William S. — Army.
Lyon, Irving P. — Army.
Machemer, Walter L. — Army.
MacNaughton, Wallace F. — Army.
Mangano, James L. — Army.
Mann, Baldwin — Army.
May, Herman F. — Army.
McCarthy, Arthur E. — Army.
McDonald. Harold J. — Army.
McDowell, Hugh C. — Army.
McGuire. Francis W. — Army.
McKee, Otto S.— Army.
McKee, Thomas H. — Army.
McKenney, Descum C. — Army.
McMahon, Michael J. — Army.
Meisenbach, Roland O. — Army.
Meister, Edward F. — Army.
Metzen, John A. — Army.
Michel, George P. — Army.
Miller, Rudolf C— Army.
Moscato, Vincent C. — Army.
Murphy, Jerome A. — Army.
Nairn, Baron Ross — Army.
Nowicki, Joseph A. — Army.
Oberkireher, Oscar J. — Army.
O'Gorman, Francis M. — Army.
Opperman, George M. — Army.
Ostrow, William — Army.
Palmer, Albert W. — Army.
Palmer, Faye H. — Army.
Palmer, Frederick William — Army.
Panzarella — Army.
Patterson, Harold A. — Army.
Phillips, William L. — Army.
Plummer, William Ward — Army.
Potts, Frank Nelson — Army.
Powick, Thomas H. — Army.
Prior, Leon H. — Army.
Reimann, Edmund P. — Army.
Reu, Leonard — Army.
Richter, Julius — Army.
Russell, Nelson G. — Army.
Sachs, Leo M. — Army.
Schaefer, Arthur C. — Army.
Schuhr, Harry C. — Army.
Schwartz, Frederick L. — Navy.
Scibetta, Samuel L. — Army.
Sharp, Edward A. — Army.
Short, James Edward — Army.
Simon, Charles — Army.
Smith, Herbert A. — Army.
Southall, Edward A. — Army.
Sperry, Frederick E. — Army.
Stein, Ulysses B. — Army.
Stowe, John G. — Army.
Strong, Lyman J. — Army.
Stygall, James H. — Army.
Strozzi, Frederick E. — Army.
Sullivan, James C. — Army.
Taylor, Robert S. — Army.
Thoma, Earl W. — Army.
Thompson, Dean O. — Army.
Thompson, Myron A. — Army.
Tompkins, Carl S. — Army.
Traver, Haworth R. — Army.
Trudnowski, Joseph F. — Army.
Tyrasinski, Victor A. — Army.
Vogt, Alfred H. — Army.
Wagner, Albert W. — Army.
Walz, Frank G. — Army.
Watson, John H. — Army.
Weed, Harry M. — Army.
Wende, Grover W. — Army.
Wertz, Carlton E. — Army.
Wheeler, David E. — Army.
Willard, Frederick B. — Army.
Yellen, Hiram S. — Army.
Zielinski, Walter — Army.
Zimmerman, Joseph J. — Army.
Zingsheim, Frederick — Army.
VOLUNTEER MEDICAL SERVICE CORPS
Bennett, Alice McL. R.
Benzing, Louise D.
Breese, Jane.
Bruso, Therese R.
Bullett, AHceM.
Burnside, Eleanor E.
Carnivale, Katherine C.
Carpenter, Lilly F.
Caul, Martha F.
Chappell, Nellie V.
Croff, Carro Cummings.
Davis, Gertrude R.
Donk, Rose R.
Dort, Elizabeth.
BUFFALO WOMEN
Elmendorf, Grace M.
Fowler, Eva G.
Frye, Maude J.
Greene, Christina M.
Griffin, Clara O.
Hatch, Edith R.
Heffner, Alice M.
Himmelsbach, Jeanette.
Hoag, Myrtle A.
Ilahi, Baksh, Grace R. M.
Kavinoky, Nadina R.
Kazmierczak, Mary J.
Kelly-Thebaud, Catherine.
Kenner, Lucy A.
Keyes, Regina F.
Knapp, Mabel H.
Knappenberg, Loretta L.
Kihlmann, Helene J. C.
Kurtz, Nellie E.
Lehnis, Edith N.
Lichtenberg, Caroline.
Markell, Nathalie K.
March, Clara A.
Munhall, Katharine S.
Olsen-Woods, Mary.
Reinstein, Anna M.
Schley, Alice E.
Shaver, Grace Joslyn.
684
Buffalo's Part in the World War
VOLUNTEER MEDICAL SERVICE CORPS— BUFFALO WOMEN— Con.
Sheldon, Harriet.
Sherman, Emma Sebin.
Sloan, Mary N.
Thebaud, Catherine E. Kelly.
Trant, Amelia Earle.
Urotz, Georgia Cruickshank.
Walsh, Anna P.
Wetmore, Mary B.
Wilder, Rose C.
Woods, Mary O.
YOUNG MEN'S CHRISTIAN ASSOCIATION
SECRETARIES
AUingham, Allison P. — Ft. Winchester, Plymouth, Eng.
Bailey, H. Day — Musical and Recreational Work,
A. E. F., France.
Balliett, Carl J. — Entertainment Dept., Paris, France.
Bangert, Louis J. — Camp Upton.
Bardwell, Ernest G.— 28th Division, A. E. F., France.
Becker, Edith W.— Canteen Worker, A. E. F., France.
Billings, Rev. W. A. — Religious Work Director,
A. E. F., France.
Bird, Grace E.
Bittner, Clarence G. — Physical Director, A. E. F.,
France.
Booth, George R.— Canteen Const., A. E. F.
Bream, H. C. — Religious Director, Camp Stewart.
Briggs, Earle E.— 37th Division, A. E. F.
Brothers, Harold J. — A. E. F., France.
Brothers, Sydney C. — Mechanic, Chr. and Repairer,
A. E. F.
Brown, George H. — Religious Work, England.
Brown, Sheffield— Motor Transport, A. E. F.
Brownell, C. M. — 1st and 2d Division, A. E. F., France.
Bucklin, Lester P.— Athletic Director, 87th Div., A. E. F.
Buffom, Lester C— A. E. F., France.
Bundy, Allen J. — Motor Transport, A. E. F., France.
Cannon, George S. — Leave Area Work, France.
Casey, Angus C.
Chase, Jerome B. — Physical Director, Musical and
Educational Work, A. E. F., France.
Clague, Ernest R.
Clarke, Rev. Thos. B.— Religious Work, A. E. F., Eng.
Cline, Henry H. — Physical Director, A. E. F.
Coe, Walter J. — Camp Hancock, Ga.
Colburn, Arthur D. — Warehouse Supt., A. E. F.
Cooke, Edward F.— A. E. F., France.
Cookson, Rev. Earl E. — Religious Director, A. E. F.,
France.
Copeland, H. F.
Davis, Edwin F. — Camp Dix.
Dempster, Robert L. — Social Secretary, Entertainment,
with A. E. F., France.
DeNoird, Dr. R. S. — All-around work in France.
Domedian, H. E. — Ft. Monroe, Va.
Duxbury, Rev. Jos. S. — Ft. Dupont, Delaware.
Eberoole, J. Scott — Hampton Roads, Va.
Engles, George E. — Physical Director, France.
Fenner, Charles H. — Special Canteens, A. E. F., France.
Fish, Charles B.— 77th Division.
Fisher, Frederick W. — Motor Transport Div., A. E. F. '■
Foster, Jesse R. — Educational Secy., France.
Freeman, Harlan P.
Gardner, Ray F. — Camp Lee, Va.
Goetz, Wm. L. — Assistant Treasurer, Headquarters,
France.
Graves, Rev. Clifford N. M.— A. E. F., France.
Green, Charles H. — Mechanical Expert.
Greer, Henry H. — Canteen Secretary.
Gregory, Rev. Russell — Religious Work, France.
Hamilton, Frank — French Army.
Hardie, Charles — France and England.
Harrington, Smith M. — Camp Crane, Pa.
Harrington, Rev. Wm. J. — Religious Work, French Ar
Hart, Charles R. — Establishing Huts, France.
Hayes, Dr. Harold A. — Romsey Hants, England.
Held, Edward B. — Camp Lee, Va.
Henshaw, Harry G. — Camp Meade, Mar.vland.
Houseal, Edw. B. — Physical Director, A. E. F., France.
Hudson, Harry F, — Const. Dept., Clairmont, France.
Hudson, Matthew J. — Troyles.
Hutchinson, Arthur E. — Merchandise Secretary, Brest,
France.
Jenny, Arnold E. — Camp Wadsworth, S. C.
Jerge, Joseph H. — Canteen Assistant, A. E. F., France.
Jewett, Rev. John T. — Canteen Work, A. E. F., France.
Jones, George R. — Monte Carlo, France.
Jones, Rev. John T. — Assistant Secy., England.
Johnson, Walter H. — Entertainment Dept., Paris.
Jury, Arthur F. — Ft. McPherson, Ga.
Kiess, Oscar M. — Assistant Secy., A. E. F., France.
Korda, Wladislaus— A. E. F.
Lawrence, Wm. H. — Business and Financial Secretary,
Paris.
Leonard, Katherine M.
Leslie, Ernest W. — Camp Wadsworth, S. C.
Lewis, Rev. George R. — Camp Englewood, N. Y.
Lindemann, Fred F. — A. E. F.
Lytle, Willis M.— Athletic Director, A. E. F., France.
Maddock, Walter P.— 92d Division, A. E. F., France.
Maier, Guy S. — All-around work in France.
Mangan, John J. — 2d Division, France.
Mark, W. Earle — 2d Division, France.
Mattice, John J. — Storeroom Clerk, A. E. F., France.
Mayer, R. C.
McCrady, Alexander A.— Capt. of Y. M. C. A. LTnit.
Awarded the Italian Cross.
Means, Andrew B. — Assistant Warehouse Secretary,
A. E. F., France.
Meredith, Sullivan A. — Paris.
Merritt, Aaron R. — Assistant Canteen Worker, A. E. F.
France.
Meyers, Frederick H., Jr. — Camp Humphreys.
Miller, Rev. Harris — Camp Meade.
Mills, Richard J. — Auto Driver, A. E. F., France.
Salvation Army — K. of C. — Jewish Welfare Workers
685
YOUNG MEN'S CHRISTIAN ASSOCIATION— Con.
Mott, Charles E. — Relief and Entertaining Work, Italy.
Mould, Charles F. — Physical Director, A. E. F., France.
O'Connor, W. P.— A. E. F.
Orton, Harold C— Ft. Dupont.
Pac, Michael M.— Pvt., Army Y. M. C. A., Aberdeen
Proving Grounds.
Parker, Earl N.— Ft. Niagara, N. Y.
Patton, Henry T. — Division Supt. of Const., France.
Pfeiffer. Burton E. — Paris, France.
Pierce, Ward J. — Assistant Canteen Worker, A. E. F.
Piatt, George A.— Auto Driver, A. E. F.
Pritchard, A. E.— A. E. F., France.
Rand, George F., Jr.— A. E. F.
Reed, William R.— A. E. F., France.
Rowland, Richard H.— A. E. F.
Schreve, Richard — A. E. F., France.
Cited for bravery.
Sharp, Edward P.— Aviation Field, Buffalo, N. Y.
Shields, James K. — Damon Field, Babylon, N. Y.
Sikes, George R. — 1st Division, A. E. F.
-Camp Lee, Va.
-Supplies and Trans., A. E. F.
G.
Stanley, William H
Stenberg, Andrew J.
.July, 1918.
Stone, Arthur M. — Assistant Secretary, A. E. F.
Tower, Willard O. — Assistant Secretary, A. E. F.
Trick, Ralph L.— Musical Director, A. E. F.
Turner, Edward W. — Physical Director, England.
Vanderburg, David — Training Sta., San Francisco, Cal,
Varley, William C. — Manager of Hotels, Paris area.
Volkmar, George R. — Camp Meade, Md.
Waggoner, Harry W. — Physical Dir., A. E. F., France.
Waters, William L. — Hut Secretary, A. E. F., France.
Watkins, Frank A. — Canteen and Recreational Work
France.
Watson, Eben P. — Navy Branch, Y. M. C. A., Greece.
Weightman, W. W. — Educational Dept., Paris.
Wilgus, Leonard W. — Supt. Warehouse, .3.3d Division.
Wilson, Rev. Howard M. — Educational and Recrea-
tional Secretary, A. E. F., France.
Zink, Albert H. — 42d (Rainbow) Division.
SALVATION ARMY
BUFFALO WORKERS
Barker, W. S. — Col., Salvation Army. In command
of all Salvation Army work with A. E. F.
Carmichael, Christina — Salvation Army Service Club,
New York City.
Crawford, Earl — Salvation Army worker overseas.
Hoag, Oscar — Major. Salvation Army Service Club,
Brooklyn, N. Y.
Hyde, Walter — Salvation Army worker overseas.
Mclntyre, Irene — Salvation Army Worker overseas.
Received French Medal for war work in France.
Mclntyre, Gladys — Salvation Army Worker overseas.
Received French Medal for war work in France.
Mclntyre, W. A. — Col. Salv'n Army Worker overseas.
Rose, Mrs. — Capt. Salvation Army Service Club, New
York City.
Rose, Mr. — Capt. Salvation Army Service Club. New
York City.
Seller, Fred W., Jr. — Salvation Army Service Club, New
Y'ork City.
Stewart, Ethel M. — Salvation Army Service Club, New
Y'ork City.
White, Edwy, Sr. — Brigadier, Divisional Commander
Salvation Army in France.
White, Edwy, Jr. — Capt. Salvation Army Worker in
France.
KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS
SECRETARIES
Borozicz, (Prof.) Stanley — A. E. F., France.
Foley, John J. — A. E. F., France.
Grogan, Hugh V. — A. E. F., France.
Hammar, Thomas E. — A. E. F., France.
Lamothe, George T. — A. E. F., France.
Versso, Joe — A. E. F., France.
Whiston, Wm. E.— A. E. F., France.
Schimmell, Geo. H. — A. E. F., France.
Dion, Walter G.— A. E. F., France.
Belinson, Benjamin.
Freedman, Max.
Friedson, Richard.
Goldberg, Abraham.
JEWISH WELFARE WORKERS
SECRETARIES
Goldberg, Miles.
Harris, Benjamin.
Rosen, Leo.
Ruben, Jacob.
Singerman, William.
Yellen, Jack.
Zackheim, I.
686
Buffalo's Part in the World War
VOLUNTEERS IN U. S. TELEPHONE SERVICE
Allen, Delia M.— Tel. Operator.
Bitterman, Katharyn F.— Superv.
Brinker, Leda — Operator.
Byrne. .Julia — Operator.
Callahan, Nellie — Operator.
Clody, Aileen A. — Supervisor.
Cramer, Clara M. — Operator.
Dickinson, Mildred C. — Operator.
Dils, Leanna — Operator.
Douglas, Jessie — Operator.
Flanigan, Bessie M. — Operator.
Foley, Anne — Operator.
Foley, Marguerite G. — Operator.
Gates, Edith M.— Operator.
Hobbins, Alice — Operator.
Horn, Louise — Operator.
Humphrey, Anna — Supervisor.
Huth, Alice — Operator.
.Johanns, Henrietta E. — Clerk.
Kelly, Ellen M. — Operator.
Kinary, Agnes M. — Operator.
Kirchmeyer, Loretta — Supervisor.
Knoll, Emma — Operator.
McConnell, Louise B. — Operator.
McDermott, Gertrude H.— Opr.
McGirr, Coletta — Operator.
Mantley, Augusta — Operator.
Marschka, Clara — Operator.
Mehs, Margaret — Operator.
Meidenbauer, Margaret E. — Opr.
Metcalfe, Ellen — Operator.
Murphy, Caroline K. — Operator.
Newell, Merne — Supervisor.
Nold, Cecile C. — Operator.
Otto, Helen — Operator.
Percy, Ruth C. — Operator.
Reisig, Florence W. — Operator.
Ryan, Alice M. — Operator.
Ryan, Elizabeth — Operator.
Schwabe, Katherine — Operator.
Sickler, Esther — Operator.
Steinbrenner, Bertha M. — Oper.
Townsend, Florence L — Operator.
Toysy, Frances — Operator.
Walsh, Agnes V. — Operator.
Weber, Florence — Operator.
Welsh, Winifred — Operator.
Wethy, Katharyn M. — Supervisor.
Zimmerman, Lorraine — Operator.
ERIE COUNTY'S SERVICE ROSTER
ALDEN
Gold Star Men
Bass, Elmer— Pvt., Co. K, 108th Infantry. DD Spartanburg.
Hake, Walter— Pvt., Co. G, 13th Infantry. KA.
Hodge, Henry— Pvt., Battery E, 305th Field Artillery. DD February 20, 1919, Base Hospital.
Staebell, Wm. J.— Pvt., Co. M, 309th Infantry. KA Aug. 1918, Marne.
Allen, Arthur.
Allen, George W.— Pvt., 306th Infantry.
Allen, Grover C. — Medical Corps, 48th Infantry.
Ambrose, Joseph A.
Beckman, Robert J.— Pvt., Battery C, 106th F. A.
Betzold, .John A.
Breyer, Eugene B. — Military Police.
Breyer, Frank J. — Base Hospital.
Byron, Arthur W. — Major, Assistant General Superin-
tendent Motor Power.
Byron, Robert J. — 1st Lieut.
Buzack, John.
Cartright, Malcom.
Caughey, Robert L.
Chase, Clarence N.— 1st Sgt., Co. I, 161st Infantry.
Chelins, Albert J.— Medical Corps, 106th F. A.
Connors, John.
Cooper, Ray C.
Curphey, Clayton A. — Pvt., Motor Truck Corps.
Chittenden, L. P.— Lieut., 339th Machine Shop Truck
Unit.
Donnigan, Clarke E.— Pvt., S. A. T. C.
Durkee, Claude O.
Duttweiler, Earl W.— Sgt., 2d Co., Quartermaster C.
Duttweiler, Louis I., Pvt., Co. L, 103d Infantry. WA
July 18, 1918, France.
Eastland, Arthur J. — Ist-class Pvt., Base Hospital.
Eckert, George— Pvt., 311th Infantry.
Eckert, Matthew — Naval Tr'g Station, Newport, R. I.
Eggleston, Carl F.— Orderly, U. S. S. "New York."
Fess, LeRoy.
Fox, Henry.
Funke, Carl E.
Gipple, Warren L.— Pvt., S. A. T. C.
Gowmski, Michael F. — Pvt.
Hake, Walter A.
Havens, Harold L.— Pvt., Co. B, 108th Infantry. WA
September 29, 1918, Hindenburgline.
Hiam, William L.
Hodge, William— Pvt., 307th Regiment.
Hutchinson, William P. — Capt., Ordnance Dept.
Kenline, Fred — Pvt., Fort Constitution.
Kieffer, Henry J.— Pvt., 19th Co., 5th Battalion.
Kocher, Otto— Pvt., 308th Infantry.
Kowalchuk, Nicholas.
Kuhn, Howard J.
Layer, Arthur J.
Lee, Frank M.— Pvt., Co. B, 120th Machine Gun Battn.
G July, 1918, Chateau-Thierry.
Lee, James F. — Corp., 172d Aero Squadron.
Lefort, Edwin P.— 306th Infantry.
Lynch, Myron G.— Pvt., Co. D, 346th Infantry.
McCarthy, Daniel J.— Pvt., Co. C. 12th Am. Train.
McCarthy, John C— Pvt., Co. L, 345th Infantry.
McCarthy, Justin P. — Fireman, U. S. S. "Andros-
coggen," Coast Guard.
Martin, William.
May, Clarence J.
Miller, Albert— 166th Depot Brigade.
Morford, Howard W.— Corp., Co. L, 7th Infantry. WA
June 20, 1918, France.
Pautler, C. Alfred— Corp.
Pautler, Charles A.
Pautler, Mathias L.
Phillips, Leo D.
Reback, Alex.
Reed, Oscar E.
Reed, Robert A. — Corp.
Reuss, Frederick W.
Roll, Albert C— 5th Battalion.
Rudio, Albert.
Sandmann, George— Pvt., Co. H, 306th Infantry.
Schenck, Edward J.— Pvt., Base Hospital 23.
Schenck, Frank.
Smith, Walter J.— Pvt., Battery E, 334th F. A.
Snyder, Norman T. — 2d-class Seaman, Navy, Logan
Rifle Range.
Stage, Harry M. — Pvt., Hospital Corps, U. S. Naval
Operating Base.
Thomas, William H. — Capt., Sanitary Corps.
Thornton, Roland.
Vendette, Frank.
Vine, William F.— 308th Machine Gun Battalion.
Wagatha, Albert.
Wagatha, Frank — Pvt., 287th Aero Squadron.
Wagatha, Leo — Pvt., Supply Co., 126th Infantry.
Wahl, Harold W.— Ordnance Sgt., 114th Depot.
Wegst, John.
Weitman, Oscar.
Wellmon, Robert.
Wheaton, Orlo D.— 1st Sgt., Headq'rs Co., 108th Inf.
Whitney, Frank R.
688
Erie County's Service Roster
AMHERST
Gold Star Men
Abt, Albert C. — 326th Infantry. KA.
Gristmaker, Raymond — Pvt., Co. A, 311th Infantry. KA October 31, 1918, Argonne.
Gross, George L. — 9th Trench Mortar Battery. DD, Gordon.
Halm, Charles N.— 347th Infantry. DW.
LUTZ, John— Pvt., 108th Field Artillery. KA, France.
Lamm, George F.— Pvt., 7th Infantry. KA.
AcufT, Lloyd C.
Adcox, George H.
Aherne, Michael
Albert, A. C.
Albert, Frank.
Allenbach, Harry.
Allespach, Walter L.
Baker, Cecil.
Baker. Willard C. — Students' Army Training Corps.
Bartholemew, George.
Bates. Fred.— U. S. Navy.
Baumgartner, Henry C.
Beach, Stanley L.
Bealer, Fred.
Bernbeck, Frank C.
Binner, Hubert.
Berryman, Herbert. — 106th Field Artillery.
Bitterman, Arthur.
Bitterman, Lawrence.
Blank, Clarence V.
Blouch, Leroy.
Blouch, Oscar E.
Braunschidle, Edw. — U. S. Navy.
Braunschidle, Leo. — U. S. Navy.
Breitenbach, Louis .1.
Brenner, Emil.
Bretts, Salvatore.
Brunner, Elmer.
Brunner, Roy J.
Brunner, Theodore.
Brunner, Willis.
Bull, Walter— Base Hospital.
Burgasser, Joseph — 106th Field Artillery.
Burkhardt, Howard H.-Capt., Bat. A, 106th F. A.
Burkhardt, Norman H.
Campbell, James.
Campbell, James R.
Chassin, Norman — S. A. T. C.
Collins, Frederic.
Conn, Robert— 106th Field Artillery.
Capen, Harold E. — 37th Company, Engineers.
Crittenden, Walter— 106th Field Artillery.
Crosby, Henry W.
Daigler, Amandus.
Daigler, Norman.
Daniel, Albert L.
Daniel, George.
Daniel, Hubert.
Daniel, Leo E.
Daniel, Raymond E.
Daniels, John L.
Donius, Alvin E. — V. S. Marine Corps.
Donner, Philip.
Donner, Walter.
Duke, Angelo — Pvt., 6th Trench Mortar Battery.
Dunston, Clarence E.
Ehrman, Hubert.
Eichinger, Louis.
Ess, Norman.
Esthimer, James.
Earner, AUie.
Fiegel, Walter.
Feider, John C.
Fell, James.
Fiegel, Walter.
Fischer, Albert J.
Fischer, Anthony — Base Hospital.
Fish, John I.
Fish, Robert H.
Fish, Hamilton P.
Fleischmann, Geo. A.
Flynn, Joseph A.
Fortkort, Arthur L.
Gaitrell, Perciel.
Gebhardt, Elmer.
Gerber, Anthony.
Gristmaker, Albert W.
Gristmaker, Edward.
Grove, Nelson J. — Student's Army Training Corps.
Guerdat, Earl V.
Halby, Fred W.
Hamiin, Chauncey J.— Capt., 106th Field Artillery
Hanel, Henry.
Hanel, Jacob.
Hanel, Leon L. — Officer's Training Camp.
Hanel, Peter.
Hartel, William.
Hartman, Charles— 108th Infantry.
Hecker, Frederick.
Hehr, Charles.
Helm, Frank.
Hengel, Edward.
Herberger, Joseph.
Herman, Albert J., Jr.
Herman, Raymond C— Capt., 303d Training Head-
quarters.
Herrman, Leo B.
Heusinger, Nicholas — 108th Infantry.
Hibschweiler, Charles.
Higgins, Thomas.
Erie County's Service Roster
689
AMHERST~CoN.
Hirsch, Andrew.
Hoffman, Russell L.
Horey, Bert.
Horey, Roy.
Hosmer, Roy — 108th Infantry.
Hosmer, Russell — Motor Transport Corps.
Hovey, Bert.
Huver, H. B. — Capt., Medical Corps.
Jaehn, Fred C.
Jenkins, William— 106th Field Artillery.
Karl, Alphonse— 106th Field Artillery.
Kibler, Darwin.
Kibler, Hiram.
Kieber, Fred— 106th Field Artillery.
Kissinger, Elmer F.
Klein, Albert.
Klein, William -J.
Kleindinst, G. H.
Klute, Alice — Nurse, Red Cross.
Klute, Frederick W.
Kolb, Jacob D.
Krantz, Albert.
Krantz, Jacob F.
Krieb, Edwin.
Landel, Arthur E.
Landel, Herman E.
Lange, Carl — Navy.
Lange, Ed. J. — Lieut., Air Service.
Lange, Oscar — Navy.
Lauer, Charles.
Leiderhouse, Raymond.
Leising, Frank P.
Leising, Lawrence.
Leising, Leo N.
Leons, Eugene.
Lewke, John.
Lippke, George C.
Lippki, Walter.
Liskoff, George— 106th Field Artillery.
Long, Harry D.
Long, John R. — Student's Army Training Corps.
Luchterhand, August.
Lutz, John E.— 106th Field Artillery.
Lux, Albert.
Lyman, Stanley.
Maurer, Clarence.
Maying, Elmer H.
McCuIloch, Fred J.
Merrill, Edward K.
Messing, John.
Metz, Norman W.
Metzinger, Albert.
Metzinger, Eugene.
Miller, Arthur G.
Miller, Edward.
Miller, Elmer D.
Miller, Fred.
Miller, Leander.
Miller, Warren D.
Miller, William.
Monroy, Jose G.
Montgomery, Lucius.
Moran, Joseph.
Morley, Arthur L. — U. S. Navy.
Moulin, Albert A.
Mrowka, Stanley— 106th Field Artillery.
Muck, Edwin W.
Muegel, Louis — U. S. Navy.
Muth, Karl— U. S. Navy.
Niederlander, Adolph G.
Neiderlander, Daniel B.
Nss, Norman.
Ottney, Leon.
Ouchie, Alvin E.
Paschke, George.
Phillips, Vincent J.
Powers, Charles P.— Ist-class Pvt., Co. M, 306th In-
fantry.
Quinn, Martin L., Jr.
Randolph, John E.
Ritchie, James.
Robinson, Melvin H.
Rochford, Sidney.
Rondinelli, Giuseppe.
Rosa, Phillip, Jr.
Rummell, Edward— 106th Field Artillery.
Sauter, Joseph.
Sauter, Michael.
Schnackenburg, Fred C.
Schoelles, Austin.
Schoelles, Albert.
Schoelles, Cyrus P.
Schoelles, Edward.
Schoelles, J. A.
Schohl, William F.— Capt., 106th Field Artillery.
Schroeder, Horace.
Schueckler, Theodore J.
Schultz, John.
Schuster, Alvin J.
Scraee, Albert.
Scrace, George.
Seitz, Leon C.
Senardera, Frank.
Shank, Irving.
Smith, Joseph, Jr.
Snyder, Phillip J. — Student's Army Training Corps.
Stadler, Edward.
Stafford, Albert.
Stahl, Alvin.
Staley, Albert G.
Stecher, Ben E.
Steinbrenner, Allen.
Steinbrenner, Clarence W.
Steinbrenner, Leslie A.
Stimm, Howard.
Stevenson, Roder W.
Stoll, Arthur C.
Stuewe, John E.
Sturges, Roy E.
Symons, Alfred- -Pvt., 106th Field Artillery.
690
Erie County's Service Roster
AMHERST— Con.
Symons, James..
Taylor, Harry E.
Tedesco, Tomaso.
Thompson, William J — U. S. Navy.
Tong, Arthur F. — U. S. Marine Corps.
Tremaine, Dewitt.
Tremaine, F. O.
Vine, Milton — Student's Army Training Corps.
Wagatha, Edward F.
Wagatha, George C.
Wagner, George.
Weber, Jacob.
Weber, Peter.— 108th Infantry.
Weigel, Frank J.
Weigel, John J.
Weigel, Joseph.
Wetsel, Frank M., Jr.
Wetzel, Charles— 106th Field Artillery.
Wik, Howard G.
Wiltberger, Leo.
Witmer, John.
Witnauer, Leo P.
Wohlers, Warren — U. S. Navy.
Yehle, Aloysius J.
Zeisz, Joseph J.
Zeitz, George.
Zent, Edward G., Jr.
AURORA
Gold Star Men
Bann, Frederick W.— Pvt., Co. L, 108th Infantry, KA September 29, 1918, Hindenburg Line.
Clark, William— KA .June 10, 1918, France.
Clay, Arthur R.— Sgt., Co. D, 309th Infantry. KA October 14, 1918, Grand Pre.
Clough, Chas. L.— Corp., 6th Regiment U. S. Marine Corps. KA October 31, 1918, Argonne.
Ernst, Lawrence F.— Pvt., 67th Co., 5th Regiment U. S. Marine Corps. KA June 14, 1918, Belleau Wood.
EvERS, Harry T.— Student's Army Training Corps. DD October 16, 1918, Ann Arbor.
Graves, Charles— S. S. DD September 28, 1918, Camp Dix.
Kriedeman, Louis E.— Ist-class Pvt., Co. D, 108th Infantry. KA September 29, 1918, Hindenburg Line.
KUCHENBEISSER, WiLLlAM— Pvt., Co. L, 309th Infantry. KA October 16, 1918, Grand Pre.
MacMillan, Archibald— Sgt., Air Service. Died February 19, 1919.
McCreary, Donald K— Pvt., 96th Co., 6th Regiment U. S. Marine Corps. KA July 19, 1918, Soissons.
McMillan, Nelson L — DD October, 1918, Camp Funston.
Schurr, Alton— Pvt., Co. E, 328th Infantry. KA October 9, 1918, Argonne.
SCHURR, Ralph— Pvt., Co. D, 307th Infantry. KA September 28, 1918, Argonne.
Stillinger, Roland H.— Pvt. Co. E. 304th Field Artillery. KA September 9, 1918. Bazoches.
Abbott, Harvey— Sgt., 50th Co. Med. Dept. Amb.
Adams, Orvel M. — Ist-class Sgt. Engineers.
Addington, Harry Hale — Seaman, Receiving Ship.
Andrews, Andrew R., Jr., Pvt., Co. A, 2d Border
Regt., British Ex. Forces.
Arnholt, Ralph C— Pvt., 343d Machine Gun Battalion.
Back, Charles.
Baetzhold, Charles L.— U. S. Marine Corps.
Bailey, Oliver Everett— Pvt., Co. K., 311th Infantry.
Baker, Davis Squire.
Baker, Harold, Jr. — Corp., 2d Air Service Regiment.
Baker, James H. — Pvt., Hospital Corps
Ballou, B. Josephine — Nurse, Red Cross..
Balthasar, Floyd Jacob — Mechanical, 14th First Army
Replacement Depot.
Balthasar, Victor H. — Pvt., Headq'rs, 55th Pioneerf.
Barber, George W.
Barnum, Niles F. — Pvt., 65th Marines Guard.
Barry, Lawrence J. — Bugler, U. S. S. "Tuscarora."
Bauer, Arnold George.
Bayliss, William Jones.
Beckwith, Daniel E.— Pvt., Battalion F, 106th F. A.
Beckwith, Franklin E.— Cook, Co. L., 309th Infantry.
Beebe, Clayton W.— Sgt., 478th Engineers.
Beebe, Harry C— Sgt., Supply, 327th Infantry.
Bronoto, Samuel.
Bogert, John W. — Ist-class Pvt., Medical, 9th Ammu-
nition Train.
Bork, William J. — Lieut., Jr. Grade, "Black Arrow."
Borg, Fred G. — Wagoner, Supply Co., 306th Infantry.
WA November 2, 1918, Argonne.
Bowen, Emmons R. — Musician, Hdqrs., 55th Pioneers.
Bowen, Harold O.
Bown, William Edward — Lieut., Motor Transport Sup-
ply 409.
Brydon, Robert H.— Sgt., Base Hospital 23.
Buffum, John Sayles— Pvt., Battery B, 304th F. A.
Bush, Walter S.
Campbell, Allen W.
Case, Clifford H.
Case, Harold R.— 311th Infantry.
Champion, John L. G.— Pvt., 43d Co., U. S. M. C, 5th.
WA June 12, 1918, Belleau Wood.
Chase, Raymond S. — Pvt., 462d Aviation Squadron.
Chilheiser, Robert J. — Students' Army Training Corps.
Clapp, William M.— Sgt., Headquarters Troop, 78th D.
Clay, Harold J. — Students' Army Training Corps,
(Hamilton).
Cleary, William Chemical Warfare.
Cole, Arthur H.— Pvt., 210th Co., U. S. M. C.
Erie County's Service Roster
691
AURORA— Con.
Conrad, Eugene W. — Chief Machinist, Great Lakes.
Cooper, Henry M.
Corah, LesHe E. — Corp., 866th Aero Squadron.
Crook, Sandford R. — Radio Operator, U. S. S. "Cray-
craft."
Crosser, Collender — Sapper, Canadian E. F.
Cushman, Stewart A. — 2d Lieut., Air Service.
Danner, Carl F.— Capt., 306th F. S. B.
Davidson, Elmer S.
Davidson, .James William.
De Barie, Dominick— Pvt., Co. H, 311th Infantry.
Denz, Fred F.— Pvt., 301st Motor Transport Corps.
Denz, Terrence R. — Pvt., 2d Motor Mechanics.
Di Borie, Dominick.
Digangi, Joseph.
Dodge, Adrian L.
Donnor, Edwin A.— Pvt., Co. C, 102d Engineers. WA.
September 29, 1918, St. Souplet, France.
Doster, Nelson A. Miles — Chief Petty Officer, Great
Lakes, U. S. N, R. F.
Doty, Asa L. — Sgt., Motor Mechanics.
Drosendahl, Clarence J. — Pvt., 303d Aux. Remount.
Drosendahl, William, Jr.— Pvt., Battery E, 304th F. A.
Du Bois, Robert Elwin— Pvt., Co. F, 148th Infantry.
WA September 29th, France.
Dunning, Robert A. — Students' Army Training Corps.
Durick, Edward T.
Eaton, Roy Clarence— Pvt., S. A. T. C.
Edwards, Allen E. — Ist-class Storekeeper, U. S. S.
"Laub."
Ehrenberg, Albert L.— Mech., Co. C, 309th Inf.
Eldridge, Barry.
Eley, Albert B.— Pvt., Co. A, S. A. T. C, ( Ithaca).
Eskine, Albert R. — Capt., 62d Engineers.
Ess, Arthur Joseph.
Ess, Floyd— Corp., Battery E, 304th Field Artillery.
Evers, Harry T.
Fessler, Philip.
Flynn, John.
Fox, Sylvester R.— Pvt., Co. F, 306th Infantry.
Fox, Wilson V.— Petty Officer, U. S. Naval Air Force.
Freeman, Lawrence S. — S. A. T. C.
Fritz, John I.— Chief Mechanic, Battery B, 106th F. A.
Fritz, Philo— Corp., Troop B, 14th Cavalry.
FuUington, Clarence R.— Pvt., 84th Co., 6th Regt. U.
S. M. C. WA June 6, 1918, Chateau Thierry.
Gardner, Ray F.— Sec, Y. M. C. A.
George, Cornelius J.
Gerken, Laurence C.
Gerstung, LeRoy — 2d Lieut., Sanitary Corps.
Gerwitz, Gerard Frank — Co. L. 311th Infantry.
Gilbert, Frank J.— Pvt., 304th Field Artillery.
Godfrey, Ashley J. — Navy.
Gregory, Russell S.— Secy., Y. M. C. A.
Griffin, Albert H. — Pvt., Quartermaster Co.
Griffin, George Truman — Pvt., Quartermaster Corps.
WA October 6, 1917, Soissons.
Grisham, Francis R.
Haefner, Henry.
Hagelberger, Allison — Artillery, 1st Division.
Hanavan, Maurice S.— 2d Lieut., Motor Transport
Corps 681.
Harris, Gordon C.—Sgt., S. A. T. C.
Harris, Stuart D. — Ist-class Pvt., Headquarters Co.,
309th Infantry.
Haskell, Allen Ira.
Haskell, Roy N.— Corp., 307th Supply Train.
Hawthorne, Elbert— Sgt., S. A. T. C.
Haynes, Howard A. — Navy
Heaps, Arthur — Pvt., 77th Division Headquarters.
Hendry, Fern M. — Nurse, Red Cross.
Henshaw, Harry G.~Secy, Y. M. C. A.
Henaman, Sherman S. — Corp., Co. A, 2d Supply Train.
Hockreiter, John B.— Pvt., 304th Field Artillery.
Hoeft, Roger — Pvt., 7th First Army Replacement Dept
Hoffower, William.
Holmes, Thomas H.— Corp., Co. E, 328th Infantry.
Howliston, George M. — Pvt., Co. C, 74th Engineers.
Hunter, Raymond V. — Ensign.
Jamila, Danny.
Jerge, Alvin J. — Corp., 408th Motor Transport Corps.
Jerge, Herman, Jr. — Pvt., Co. I, 13th Marines.
Jentoft, Lawrence H. — U. S. S. "Newport."
Johnson, H. L. — Major, Ordnance Department.
Jones, Bayliss W.— Pvt., Co. H, 310th Infantry.
Jones, J. T., Rev.— Secy, Y. M. C. A.
Jones, Robert B.— Corp., 106th Field Artillery.
Juenker, Joseph A. — Corp., Co. B, 147th Infantry.
Kaelin, Charles S. — Capt., Arsenal.
Kallin, Charles G.
Karn, Frederick — Pvt., Co. D, 52d Canadian Ex. Force.
Kingston, Joseph E.— Ist-class Pvt., 106th Field Art.
Kipp, Karl — Pvt., Central Officers' Training School.
Klein, Julius — Capt., Medical.
Klocke, Frederick William.
Knights, J. Otis — Chief Q. M., Naval Aviation.
Koch, John George— Pvt., Co. E, 164th Infantry.
Kranz, Karl Wilhelm — Students' Army Training Corps.
Lathrop, Albert — Pvt., Supply, 305th Infantry.
Lathrop, Emery— Corp., Battery A, 77th F. A.
Lathrop, Harry — Pvt., Co. A, 308th Infantry.
Lewis, Frederick C. — Students' Army Training Corps.
Logel, Charles Peter— Pvt., M. G. Co., 306th Infantry.
Longacker, Duane Sill — Pvt., 4th Co., 99th Division.
Loveland, George W.
Loveland, Henry B.
Lupton, Harris R. — Pvt., Co. C, 302d Engineers.
Maul, Edward G.
McCreary, Robert D. — 1st Lieut., Air Service.
McDonald, Peter J.
Menter, Michael A. — Great Lakes.
Merritt, Aaron R.— Y. M. C. A.
Miller, Albert W. — Mechanic, Co. I, 39th Infantry.
Minderler, Emil — Pvt., Machine Gun, 311th Infantry.
Minkel, Eugene N.— Sgt., Co. C, 308th Machine Gun B.
Moore, Frank H. — 1st Lieut., 53d Pioneer Infantry.
Nelson, George A.
Newell, Earl L.—lst-class Electrician, U. S. N. R. F.
Nye, Wilbur A. — Cook, Army Service Corps.
Orlante, Charles.
692
Erie County's Service Roster
AURORA— Con.
Paul, Wortley B.— Corp., 311th Infantry.
Paul, Charles M.— Pvt., U. S. S. "Stillwater."
Peek, SanfordC.—lst-classSgt., Motor Transport Corps.
Perry, Charles W. — Mechanic, U. S. S. "Celtic."
Persons, Albert H.— 2d Lieut., Troop F., 13th Cavalry.
Persons, Henry Z. — 1st Lieut., Motor Transport.
Persons, Robert H. — Ensign, "Mongolia"
Persons, Hobart L.— Ist-class Sgt., Co. E., 403d Tel. Bat.
Poate, Ernest M.
Prentice, Clarence C— 2d Lieut., Ordnance Dept.
Rabenna, Charles— Pvt., Bat. E, 342d Field Artillery.
Ragan, Vincent.
Ramen, Walter— Pvt., 4th Co.
Reeves, William E.— Mechanic, Co. G., 89th.
Regan, Charles J.— Ist-class Pvt., Co. H., 23d Engr's.
Regan, Vernon L. — Aviation Machinist, 116th Aero
Squadron.
Roberts, Lloyd S.— Pvt., Co. L, 305th Infantry. WA
September 29, 1918, Argonne.
Rogers, Albert— Pvt., 101st Trench Mortar Battery.
Roes, Albert C— Pvt., Co. A, S. A. T. C, (Canisius).
Rogers, Albert.
Rogers, William.
Rose, John S.— U. S. Marine Corps.
Russell, George F.— Student's Army Training Corps.
Ruttan, Walter H. — Corp., Air Service.
Solem, Olaf S.
Schhchtel, Allen F.
Schultze, John C. — Capt. Artillery.
Schulze, Walter William— Pvt., Hdq. Co., 311th Inf.
Schuman, Marion G.— Nurse, Red Cross.
Schurr, Orrin.— Pvt.. 108th Infantry.
Seeger, Albert J.
Siebert, Frank W.— Pvt., Headquarters, 304th F. A.
Silk, Edward Peter— Pvt., Headquarters, 304th F. A.
Sly, Leslie W. — Students' Army Training Corps.
Smith, Lawrence H. — Capt., Medical Corps.
Snyder, Harry J.
Spaulding, John S. — 2d Lieut., Air Service.
Spaulding, Lawrence Sidney— Pvt., Bat. D, 78th F.A.
Spaulding, Earl W.
Sprague, Daniel McMann, Mechanic, Co. K, 311th
Infantry. WA October 29, 1918, Argonne.
Stewart, William C. — Students' Army Training Corps.
Stilke, Edward.
Strauss, Matthew — Pvt., 56th Co., Marines.
Streng, Herbert H. — Flight Officer, Naval Aviation.
Tanner, Paul — 1st Lieut., Ordnance Dept.
Thines, Nicholas— Pvt., Bat. E, 304th Field Artillery.
Thorwirth, Fred W.— Ist-class Pvt., Bat. E, 304th F.A.
Unverdorf, Henry W. — Ist-class Pvt., U. S. Guards.
Vogt, Lloyd E.— Pvt., Headquarters, 304th F. A.
Voigt, Christian P.— Sgt., Co. M, 307th Infantry.
Volk, Arthur W.— Sgt., Co. G, 328th Infantry.
Weber, Emil F.— Pvt., Machine Gun, 61st Infantry.
Welty, Robert F. — Transport Service.
White, Joseph T.— Pvt., 139th Aero Squadron.
Whiting, John L. — Ist-class Sgt., Army Trans. Service.
Whiting, Walter A.— Corp., 309th Infantry.
Whittemore, Arthur W. — Pvt., 31st Coast Artillery.
Whittemore, Frank G.— Chief Machinist's Mate. N.A.S.
Whittemore, Kenneth S. — 1st Lieut., 49th Infantry.
Wilday, Ceylon A.
Williams, Jack— Co. L, 311th Inf. WA Sept., Argonne.
Wilson, Floyd A.
Willson, George A. — Chief Quartermaster, Aviation.
Wolfle, Lee A.— 1st Lieut.. Headquarters, 309th Inf.
Zapf, Wallace G.— Sgt. Aviation.
BOSTON
Armbruster, Leon W.— Cook, 311th Machine Gun Bn.
Gary, Howard E.— Ist-class Pvt., 255th Co., 14th S. T.
Drake, Clifford A.— Sgt., Band, 55th Pioneer Infantry.
Drescher, Raymond J.
Dye, Burnell J.— Pvt., Co. D, 307th Infantry.
FoUman, Earl C— Pvt., 1st Prov. Supply Co.
Fuchs, Frederick L.
Fullman, Earl.
Hodgson, Frank.
Hund, Albert— Pvt., 9th Ammunition Train.
Julius, Edward— Corp., Co. A, 24th Engineers.
Koelmel, Glenn J.— Pvt., Co. A, 306th Machine Gun B.
Kreitzbender, Albert J.— Pvt., 83d Co., 6th Regiment
U. S. M. C. WA July 19, 1918, Soissons.
Kummer, Clarence F. — Pvt., Motor Truck Corps.
May, Joseph J.— Pvt., Co. M, 307th Infantry. WA.
September 15, 1918, France.
Owen, Robert J.
Pfarner, Leroy C— Pvt., Co. A, 343d Battalion Tank C.
Rucker, Michael J.— Pvt., 47th Co., 153d Depot Brig.
Schibertowski, Anthony.
Toms, Harry P. — Pvt., Chemical War Service.
Umber, Fred G.
Weber, Frank X.— Pvt., 383d Battalion Tank Corps.
BRANT
Gold Star Mni
Grundkowski, Max— Corp., Co. C, 58th Infantry. WA August 6, 1918, France.
TiMMERMAN, HERMAN T.— Pvt., Co. L, 7th Infantry. KA, France.
Bearns,HaroldB.— 2d Class Seaman, 13th Reg't,Co.C.
Briggs, Harold— Ist-class Pvt., Headquarters Co.,
336th Field Artillery. WA October, 1918, Metz.
Briggs, Howard— Sgt., Co. M, 74th Regiment.
Briggs, John— Wagoner, Supply Co., 309th Infantry.
WA August, 1918, St. Mihiel.
Briggs, Lawrence P.— Cook, 311th Ambulance Co. WA
August and October, 1918, St. Mihiel and Argonne.
Erie County's Service Roster
693
BRANT — Con.
Briggs, William — Pvt., Co. M, 74th Regiment.
Briggs, Walter H.— Pvt., Co. A, lllth Infantry. WA
September 17, 1918, France.
Bruno, Primo.
Carr, Glenn S.— Pvt., Battery B, 310th Field Artillery.
Carr, Guy D.— Ist-class Pvt., 303d Aux. Remt. Depot.
Chambers, George — Pvt., Co. I, Uth Regiment.
Clark, Howard C— Pvt., Co. E, 307th Infantry.
Cook. Arthur C— Pvt., 45th Co., 12th Bn. 153d D. B.
Dimartino, Luigo. — Pvt., Utility Detachment, Q.M.C.
Durwar, Gordon — Mechanic, Battery D, 106th F. A.
Ellis, Anthony— 1st Sgt., Co. M, 309th Infantry.
Giarriatano, Angelo — Pvt., Q. L., Camp Forrest, Ga.
Goldsmith. HerberL. — Dis., Camp Dix.
Gugino, Thomas — Ist-class Pvt., 2d Co., Air Service.
Guleno, Joseph. — 2d-class Seaman, U. S. S. "Comfort."
Hainer, Harlan— Pvt., Co. A, 108th Infantry.
Hainer, Walter— Pvt., Co. D, 108th Infantry. WA
September 29, 1918, St. Quentin.
Hammond, Stanley G.— Sgt., Co. K, 311th Infantry.
Hanmann, Henry J. — 224th Military Police. WA No-
vember 3, 1917, France.
Hoth, William C— Sgt., Co. M, 309th Infantry. DD.
December 11, 1917, Camp Dix.
Juhl, Charles, Jr.— Pvt., Co. A, 304th Machine Gun Bn.
Kaniens, Frederick A.
Kinderman, Martin A.
Kreger, Claude M. — Sgt., 26th Aero Squadron.
Lima, Sam.
Long, William F.— Pvt., Co. H, 305th Infantry
Luongo, Nicholas — Pvt.
Mclntyre, Chauncey W. — Lieut., U. S. Infantry.
Miller, Harry.
Muscatto, Tony C— 304th Machine Gun.
Nelson, Arthur — Pvt., 1st Engineers.
Norblum, Louis L. — Pvt., 361st Aero Squadron.
Odell, Clarence — 7th Regiment, Battery C, F. A.
Paul, Clarence L.— Ist-class Pvt., Battery D, 106th F. A.
Paul, Frederick J.— Sgt., Battery F, 304th F. A.
Paul, Herberts.— Pvt., Battery B, 304th Field Artillery.
Pitrotto, Jacob — Pvt., Co. C, 17th Regiment.
Pultz, Harry F.— Pvt., Co. L, 309th Infantry. WA.
September 24, 1918, France.
Schrader. Alfred W.— Corp., Co. L, 309th Infantry.
Sisson, Howell F. — Pvt., Air Service.
Sicurella, Alfonso — Pvt., 306th Machine Gun Battalion.
Smith, Frank— Pvt., Co. K, 311th Infantry.
Smith, Louis J.— Pvt., Co. F, 11th Reg't, U. S. M. C.
Tataro, Carl S.— Cook, Co. L, 302d Infantry.
Vacanti, Charles — Pvt., 5th Ammunition Train.
Valucca, Joseph — Ist-class Pvt., Co. K, 311th Infantry.
Villa, Anthony— Pvt., Co. B, 348th Infantry.
Villa, Nicholas J.— Corp., Co. K, 326th Infantry. WA.
France.
Voss, Herman A. E.— Pvt., Co. L, 305th Infantry.
Walker, Burt S. — 2d-class Seaman, Seaman Guard.
Walters, Lynn E. — Squadron E, 229th .^ero Squadron.
Winters, Louis.
Nerthling, Arnold— Sgt., Co. C, 308th Battalion Tank
Corps.
Williams, Reid A.— Ist-class Seaman, U.S.S." DeKalb."
Wooster, Wheelock W.— S. A. T. C.
CHEEKTOWAGA
Gold Star Men
Andres, John— Pvt., Co. B, 309th Machine Gun Battalion. KA October 5, 1918, St. Mihiel.
Duly, John R.— Pvt. 316th Machine Gun Battalion. KA October 5, 1918, France.
Geier, Harvey H. — Sgt., Headquarters Co., 108th Infantry. KA September 30, 191S,Hindenburg Line.
HoERNER, Jacob J.— Pvt., Co. I, 103d Infantry. DD October 19, 1918, France.
HOLTZ, John W.— Pvt., 66th Co., 5th Regiment, U. S. M. C. KA, France.
Klaffka, John C— Pvt., Co. K, 306th Infantry. KA September 28, 1918, Argonne.
Latzer, Wendelin — Pvt., Co. M, 327th Infantry. DD November 29, 1917, Camp Gordon, Ga.
Racinowski, Stanley — Pvt., U. S. M. C. KA November 2, 1918, France.
SzYDLOWSKi, Matthew— Pvt., Co. M, 306th Infantry. KA October 26, 1918, Grand Pre.
Achard, Emil.
Achard, Eugene.
Achman, John — Pvt., Co. B, 59th Pioneer Infantry.
Adams, Amos.
Andrzejewski, Stephen — Pvt., Machine Gun Co., 14th
Regiment.
Angielcyk, Stanislaus.
Angielski, John S.
Anken, George.
Anken, John.
Babkiewcz, Peter.
Baker, Leslie.
Barlow, William — Corp., Co. L, 311th Infantry.
Barnhardt, Edward.
Barrasca, Gennaro.
Barrett, Arthur.
Bartnowiak, Leo.
Bates, Fred H.
Bauer, Frank— Co. E, 612th Infantry.
Bauer, Herman.
Bechmann, Charles T.— Co. L, 13th Reg. U. S. M. C.
Becker, Chester — Watertender, U. S. S. "Arkansas."
Beimler, Norman.
Benson, Irving W.
Benzel, William.
Bernal, Leo.
Bianchi, Joseph G.
Bielemewicz, John.
694
Erie County's Service Roster
CHEEKTOWAGA— Con.
Bober, Casper.
Bogacki, Joseph A.
Boiler, Anthony J.
Bradley, Patrick J.
Brzezicki, John M.
Bucher, George H.
Cartemuto, Michael.
Coffta, Stanley.
Conklin, James.
Corter, Frank.
Culler, George E.
Cuzzo, Joseph.
Cwiklinski, John.
Dachs, Arm. Alois — Supply Co., 311th Infantry.
Daigler, Anthony G.
Dawidowicz, John.
Dobbins, Thomas P.
Dobbins, Michael — Naval Reserve.
Dobrosz, Theodore.
Draszkiewicz, John.
Drennan, Stanley A.
Duly, Richard H.
DuVernell, Joseph.
Earsing, Mathew M.
Ehragott, Frank A.
English, Joseph C.
English, Pierce W.
Ermonis, Alfred E.
Faeemo, Michael.
Farrell, Ernest J.
Feldmeyer, Michael.
Fernbach, Joseph G. — Captain, Medical Corps.
Finegan, George L.
Frank, Howard.
Fredericks, Frank P.
Fronkowick, Louis.
Gangloff, Leo P.
Garneret, Chester C.
Giancobble, Donato.
Glair, William F.
Glowicki, Leo J.^lst-class Pvt., Battery C, 106th F. A.
Godfre.y, James P.
Golota, Albert K.
Gordfrey, Horace H.
Gould, Richard J.
Grabowski, Stephen.
Grabowski, William.
Green, Warner D.— Pvt., Battery A, 304th F. A.
Groth, Anthony— 333d Battalion, Tank Corps.
Groth, Arthur A.
Guenther, John A.
Gullgynski, Stanley.
Gyros, Frank.
Haen, John J.
Hahn, Albert J.
Hahn, John.
Haniszewski, Bernard.
Harnick, Arthur A.
Hartung, Harry T.
Hoerner, Jacob J.
Hoflfman, Frank— Corp., Battery C, 27th Field Artillery
Holmer, Francis G.
Holslag, Henry— Pvt., Co. M, 327th Infantry. WA.
Octobers, 1918, France.
Hondzinski, Julius.
Hubbard, Charles.
Hummel, John F.— Pvt., Co. B, 345th Infantry.
Hunt, James — Cook, U. S. S. "Oregon." Injured at sea,
June 7, 1918.
Jackson, Louis.
Jarembeck, Frank W.
Jarembeck, Julius.
Jaruszewski, John.
Jaroszynski, John — U. S. Navy.
Jarzombek, Julius — Pvt., Co. M, 311th Infantry.
Jaskolski.
Jaskowiak, Michael.
Johnson, David.
Johnson, Robert.
Justynski, Constanty.
Kaminski, Louis.
Kastmier, Alfred S. — Pvt., Co. B, 59th Pioneer Infantry
Keller, William.
Kembrowski, John J.
Kern, Fred.— Pvt., Battery D, 106th Field Artillery.
Kershaw, John.
Kersten, Julius R.
Kersten, William A.
Klaflfka, Millard T.— Pvt., Machine Gun Co., 76th Inf.
Klein, Fred J.— Pvt., 19th Co., 20th Engineers.
Klein, Fred J.
Klein, George.
Klein, William J.
Kless, Mathew.
Kless, Walters.— Pvt., Co. C, 13th Engineers.
Knoski, Waclow.
Koenig, Herbert.
Kohlbrenner, Conrad.
Kopankiewicz, Edmund.
Kotlowski, Wladyslaw.
Kozminsk, Joseph — Pvt., Troop F, Hth U. S. Cavalry.
Kozminski, John — Sailor, U. S. S. "Hancock."
Kraft, Clarence J.— Corp., U. S. M. C.
Kraft, Rudolph J.— Ist-class Pvt., 16th Bat'n. ,153d D.B.
Krajewski, Frank J.— Pvt., 304th Field Artillery.
Kranz, .Joseph F. — Sgt., Quartermaster Corps.
Krellner, Joseph W. — Ist-class Pvt., Medical Corps.
Kuhn, Anthony, Jr.
Kuhn, Joseph E.
Kwiatkowski, Ignatius.
Lakomski, John H.
Lakomski, Stanislaus.
Lalley, Francis L.
Lance, George.
Latzar, Wendelin.
Latzer, Leo B. — Pvt., Co. A, 6th Anti Aircraft Machine
Gun Battalion.
Lembicz, Bruno.
Lembicz, Michael.
Link, Charles— Pvt., Battery B, 106th Field Artillery.
Erie County's Service Roster
695
CHEEK TO WAG A— Con.
Lipka, Joseph— Pvt., Battery D, 106th Field Artillery.
Lockhart, James E.
Logan, Wallace F.
Long, Raymond R. — Pvt., 77th Co., 304th Regiment.
Lucas, Peter— Pvt., Battery D, 106th Field Artillery.
WA October 15, 1918, Argonne Forest.
Ludwig, Edward.
Lutz, Joseph B.— Corp., Co. L 306th Infantry.
Lutz, William J. — Ist-class Pvt., Quartermaster Corps.
Lux, Albert.
Lyle, Leonard.
Lyszej. Lawrence.
Macadola, John.
Mages, .John.
Mages — Corp., Co. M, 311th Infantry.
Majchrzak, Frank W.
Majchrzak, Valentine.
Malanowicz, Joseph.
Malanowicz, Stanley B.
Mallozzi, Antonio.
Mansius, Charles H.
Markowski, Stephen J. — Ist-class Pvt., 346th Infantry.
Martin, Cecil E.— Pvt., Co. C, U. S. A. T. D.
Martin, Stanley W.
Maruda, Jan.
Marzano, Berto.
Maurer, John.
Mayer, Joseph J.
Meinzer, Albert F.
Meloch, Wladyslaw.
Memsall, Stephen.
Michalak, Wladyslaw.
Michalski, Frank.
Mieszkalski, Stanislaus.
Milbrod, Andrew.
Milbrod, Edward.
Miller, Albert.
Miller, Carl F.
Miller, Stephen.
Mischka, George.
Mohn, Leo.
Mrowka, Stanley.
Mueller, Bernhardt.
Myers, Raymond A.
Nagel, Andrew.
Napierala, Ignatius.
Napierala, John F.— Pvt., Co. M, 31 1th Infantry.
Neal, Edward.
Neibert, George J.
Niemczal, Anthony J.
Norton, Edward J.
O'Brien, Joseph F.
Olencki, John.
Ostrowski, Leo J. — Pvt., Co. C, 2d Engineers.
Panfel, John J.— Pvt., Battery D, 304th Field Artillery.
Paradowski, John.
Paradowski, Joseph C.
Parker. John M.
Pawlak, Van.
Pawlowski, Anthony.
Pawlowski, Clement.
Peinkofer, Alois — Chief Mechanic, Co. G, 9th Am. Trn.
Pelloth, John.
Petre, Howard G. — 2d-class Seaman, U. S. S. "Spray."
Piekarski, Ladislaw.
Piekarski, Walter — Corp., 7th Infantry. WA October
10, 1918, France.
Pietrzak, Frank E.— Ist-class Pvt., Co. F, 346th Inf.
Pietrzak, Steve F.— Pvt., Co. F, 346th Infantry.
Plewa, August.
Pogorzelski, Stanley.
Prizel, George.
Prueiecki, Walter.
Pullman, Michael F.
Punturiero, Frank.
Rahcki. Alexander— Pvt., 11.3th Co., 19th Engineers.
Rapins, Louis.
Reeb, Jo.seph L.— Sgt., Co. B, 326th Engineers. WA
October 13, 1918, France.
Reeb, Lucian F. — Pvt., Co. D, 9th Ammunition Train.
Reeb, Thomas — Ist-class Pvt., Co. C, 14th Battalion,
U. S. Guards.
Reinstein, Victor.
Roach, Adam J.
Roach, Joseph.
Robinson, Walter.
Robinson, William.
Roebling, Joseph A. — Pvt., 11th Co., November Re-
placement Camp.
Roebling, Joseph.
Rohm, Leo — Pvt., Co. A, 312th Ammunition Train.
Rohr, Harry J.— Pvt., 305th Infantry.
Roland, Joe J.
Rotajcak.
Roth, Peter G.
Rubach, Stephen.
Ruhland, Alois.
Ryan, James— Pvt., Co. B, 303d.
Sahr, Otto W.
Salvatore, Frederic.
Saskowski, Frank.
Schafer, August G.
Schafer, Howard.
Schmerbach, Adolf— Pvt., Battery C, 27th F. A.
Schmerbach, Hugo Wm. — Pvt., Co. A, 36th Infantry.
Schmidt, Walter — 502d Engineers.
Schoening, Edw. H.
Schulenberg, Albert J.
Schultz, Benjamin.
Schwartz, Robert C.
Seege, Henry— Ist-class Pvt., Battery B, 336th F. A.
Seege, Walter — Ist-class Pvt., Co. B, Medical Detach.
Seitz, Frederick V.— Pvt., Battery B, 36th F. A.
Seitz, John F.— Ist-class Pvt., Battery C, 47th F. A.
Shorka, John.
Skierski, Stanley.
Skrypczak, John.
Skrzyczak, William.
Skubinski, Stephen.
Soboto, Paul.
696
Erie County's Service Roster
CHEEKTOWAGA — Con.
Stiegler, Elmer— Pvt., Battery M, 106th Field Artillery.
Stock, John H., Jr. — Pvt., Quartermaster Corps.
Stradtman, Arthur.
Strebel, Andrew— 2d Lieut., 13th Tr'g Bat. Trans.
Sugg, Edward.
Sugg, John.
Sugg, Louis.
Swaciak, Frank.
Swiniarski, Michael A. — 2d-class Engineers, U.S. Navy.
Szulc, Bronislaus — Pvt., 311th Infantry. WA August
28, 1918, France.
Szymanski, Anthony — Wagoner, Co. C, 312th Am. Tr.
Szymanski, Stanley— Pvt., Co. C, 158th Infantry.
Szymanski, Valentine W.— Pvt., Co. M, 348th Infantry.
Tepe, Eugene A.
Trell, John H.
Tresselt, Henry.
Unger, John — Pvt., Co. C, 302d Ammunition Train.
Unger, Walter— Pvt., Co. B, 59th Pioneers.
Urban, Raymond.
Urban, William P.
Vandecamp, John.
Veltri, Nicholas— Pvt., 109th Co., 19th Trans.
Viapino, Cosmo.
Vine, George.
Voelker, Louis L. — 480th Co., Motor Transport.
Voght, Roy— Pvt., Co. B, 22d Infantry.
Votry, Ezra J.
Wagner, Tom.
Walczak, Anthony S.— Pvt., Co. A, 312th Engineers.
Walters, Richard.
Waltz, Raymond H.
Walzak, Frank W.
Walzek, Anthony.
Wanderlich, Frank.
Wanderlich, Teodar.
Webb, Francis L.
Weber, Alfred — Ist-class Machinist's Mate, U. S. Navy.
Weber, Ferdinand E. — Quartermaster, 307th.
Weber, Francis — Machinist, U. S. Navy.
Weber, Julius A. — Warrant Machinist, U. S. Navy.
Weber, John, Jr.
Weichman, John.
Weiglein, John.
Wern, Henry K.— Pvt., Co. F, 302d Supply Train.
Wieczorek, Ignatz.
Wildy, Franklin.
Williams, Simon.
Winter, Albert.
Winter, Benjamin.
Winter, Edward.
Winton, John.
Wisniewski, William T.
Witkowski, Leo.
Wohlford, William C— Wagoner, Sup. Co., 304th F. A.
Wojekowski, Francis.
Wuestenfield, Anthony.
Yeisel, William.
Young, Joseph B.
Zakowski, Frank.
Zalemski, Casimir F. — Ist-class Pvt., Co. F, 14th Eng.
Zalemski, Walter C— Pvt., Battery D, 106th F. A.
Zalowski, Alex.
Zapfel, Albert.
Zasada, Wictynty.
Zbierski, Casmier.
Zbierski, Casimir A. — Medical Dept.
Zulawski, John.
CLARENCE
Gold Star
Men
Drudge,
La V
ERNE
W.-
Pvt., Co. C,
59th
Pioneers.
DD October 10,
1918,
Toul.
Graves,
Justus W.-
-Pvt
, 417th Battalion.
DD.
Laurlsh
Wm.-
-Pvt.
311th Infantry.
DD June 24, 1918, Camp
Di.x.
Baehre, Arnold— Sgt., Co. M, 309th Infantry.
Bald, Herbert W. — Students' Army Training Camp.
Betzold, John A. — Corp., Co. C, 61st Infantry.
Bilskey, Frank— Pvt., Battery A, 106th Field Artillery.
Bilskey, Joseph J.— Pvt., 307th Field Hospital.
Bluman, Emory H.— Pvt., Co. E, 61st Infantry. G
October 20, 1918, Argonne Forest.
Bolt, John B.— Pvt., Co. B, 302d Engineers.
Bridge, Oswald W.— 1st Lieut., Co. L, 112th Infantry.
Brunck, Jay — Pvt., Co. C, 61st Infantry. Injured No-
vember 6, 1918, Dun Sur Muese.
Brugenhagen, Edward E. — Pvt., Co. M, 310th Infantry.
Burns, Charles.
Carmer, Elton B.--Cook, Supply Co., 4th F. A.
Croop, Morrell.
Croop, Millard.
Cummings, Ralph B. -Pvt., 7th Infantry.
Curry. Peter J.— Pvt., Headquarters Co., 327th Inf.
Dietz, Karl G. — Motor Transport Corps.
Dietz, Raymond E. — Band Corps, Headquarters Co.,
106th Field Artillery.
Dittman, Harold.
Donner, Philip— Pvt., Co. H, 147th Infantry. W Sep-
tember 27, 1918, France.
Donner, Walter R.— Pvt., Battery A, 6th F. A.
Fidinger, Arthur W.— 1st Sgt., U. S. S. "N-3."
Fisher, Daniel C— Pvt., U. S. General Hospital 14.
Fisher, John W.— Pvt., Battery D, 335th F. A.
Fogelsonger, Edgar L. — Pvt.
Garlock, Frank A.
Graves, Fay W.— Corp., Headq'rs Co., 78th F. A.
Havens, Ralph G. — Transportation Co 597.
Hebeler, Aron B. — Corp., Students' Army Training
Corps (LIniversity of Buffalo I.
Erie County's Service Roster
697
CLARENCE— Con.
Hebeler, David B. — Ist-class Machinist, U. S. Navy Air
Station.
Hebeler, John D.~Pvt., Co. D, 33d Engineers.
Koch, Edward F.
Krehbiel, Alford R. — Corp., Headquarters Co., 42d
Engineers.
Landel, Herman E. — U. S. S. "Wyoming."
Larken, Richard A. — Pvt.
Laurisch, Leo — P\i:., Battery F, 78th Field Artillery.
Lehman, Howard E. — Pvt., Co. A, 132d Infantry.
Leib, Clarence E.— Pvt., Co. C, 116th Engineers.
Leising, August — Motor Transport Corps 469.
Leising, Frank P.
Leising, Lawrence — Co. L, 345th Infantry.
Leising, Val— Pvt., Co. A, 30th Infantry.
Loeffler, Augustus — 2d-class M. M. LT. N. N.
Marchen, Domenico.
Martin, Howard E. — Lieut., Veterinary Corps.
Marzolof, William B.— Pvt., 146th Machine Gun Bat-
talion.
Measer, Albert — Corp., Co. C, 302d Engineers.
Mengel, Louis.
Metz, Donald — Pvt., 6th First Army Replacement D.
Morehead, Chadwick.
Moulin, Albert.
Nichert, Edward F. — Watertender, U. S. S. "Sierra."
Ottney, Leon — Mechanic, Battery D, 101st F. A.
Paschke, Alvin.
Peranne, Albert H. F. — Pvt., Quartermaster Corps.
Peronne, Henry H.— Pvt., Battery D, 35th F. A.
Ribbeck, Edward— Pvt., Co. F, 311th Infantry.
Roneker, Charles — Co. H, 306th Infantry. Injured
August 27, 1918, France.
Roneker, Peter P. — 303d Aux. Remount.
Roskopf, Andrew — Pvt.
Roskopf, John J.— Sgt., Co. A, 36th Machine Gun Bat-
talion.
Schneider, Frank.
Schurr, Howard.
Seibold, Albert J. — Cook, Naval Training Station.
Seibold, John A.
Seibold, Joseph B. — Pvt., Headquarters Troop, 2d
Army.
Shisler, John J.— Pvt., Battery A, 305th Field Artillery.
Solton, Albert F.— U. S. S. " McDougall." Injured.
Saurianello, Frank.
Thering, William H.— Corp., Battery D, 38th F. A.
Trade, Harold.
Turk, Avrey.
Wagner, Ralph J.— Pvt., 318th Infantry.
Wall, .John— Pvt., Co. E, 106th Supply Train.
Wall, Emory — Pvt., 129th Ambulance Sanitary Train.
Wendling, George.
Weatherbee, Charles L. — Fireman, U. S. S. "Po-
cahontas."
Witmauer, Leo P.
Woods, Clayton C. — Corp., Headquarters Co., 311th
Infantry.
York, Floyd W.
Zurbrick, Ansley A.— Pvt., Co. D, S. A. T. C.
COLDEN
BOLDT, Chas. H.— Pvt.
ScHRADER, George E.-
Gold Star Men
Co. A, 305th Infantry. DW September 29, 1918, Argonne.
-Pvt., Co. A, 1st Replacement Troops. DD October 10, 1918, Camp Gordon, Ga.
Abbott, Clarence B.— Pvt., Co. M, 116th Infantry.
Baker, Arthur M.— 181st Co., 15th Regt., 2d Prov.
Brigade.
Bartz, Ernest H.— Pvt., Co. B, 502d Engineers. WA.
Beach, Frank H.— Pvt., Battery A, 305th F. A.
Blake, Roy E.— Sgt., 4th Co., 1st Regt. U. S. Marine
Corps.
Booz, Fred G.— Supply Co., Wagoner 306th Inf.
Brauch, Albert M. G. — Pvt., Headquarters Co.
Buffum, Leroy E. — 1st class Pvt., Co. I, 5th Regiment,
U. S. M. C.
Chase, Clifford E.— Pvt., Co. L, 311th Infantry.
Currier, Chauncey L. — Major, Co. E, 25th Engineers.
Dancey, Walter H. — Corp., 438th Engineers.
Dell, Warren Z.— 1st Lieut., 23d Infantry. WA No-
vember, 1918.
Awarded D.S.C.
Eaton, Roy C— S. A. T. C. (Cornell).
Donnor, Elwin A.— Co. C, 102d Engineers. WA, St.
Souplet.
Geastung, Leroy — Lieut., Sanitary Corps, B. H. 90.
Gutekunst, Harry O. — Corp., Military Police.
Lewis, Earl G. — Pvt., Co. C, Developing B'n.
Mertz, Gordon J. — Pvt., Students' Army Training
Corps.
Miller, George W.— Corp., Co. C, 309th Infantry.
Miller, George H.— Musician, Co. A, 76th Regt.
Milleville, Paul W.
Neitzel, Fred J.— Pvt., Co. L, 309th Inf.
Neitzel, Herman— Pvt., 151st F. A. WA, Marne.
Owen, Lloyd D.
Rich, Clayton S.— Lieut., 807th Pioneer Inf.
Schrader, Arthur W. — Pvt.
Segwalt, Daniel— Pvt., Co. E, 304th F. A.
Shelley, Ward C— Pvt., Co. A, 305th Infantry. WA
October 12, 1918.
Skrzycki, Walter C— Pvt., Battery C, 78th F. A.
Stebbins, Lawrence.
Sweetapple, Erwin F.— Pvt., Co. K, 311th Infantry.
Ulrieh, Andrew— Pvt., Battery D, 348th F. A.
Will, Fred A.— Corp., Headquarters, 304th Field
Artillery.
Wozniak, Jos. L. — Lieut., Medical Corps.
Wrzeszcz, Bernard J. — Corp., 328th Ambulance Co. G.
698
Erie County's Service Roster
COLLINS
Gold Star Men
Mackmer, Herbert W.— Pvt., Co. A, 305th Infantry. KA September 27, 1918, France.
ScHiFFNER, Herman — Pvt., Battery D, 353d Field Artillery. KA France.
Haspel, Leo N. — Great Lalies Station. DD Great Lal;es.
D. S. C.
Ackerman, Earl W. — Seaman, U. S. S. "Ryjland."
Anderson, Daniel B. — Ist-class Pvt., 56th Engineers.
Backus, Perry — Corp., Co. E, 303d Ammunition Train.
Bader, Lawrence A. — Sgt., 502d Aero Squadron.
Banaziak, Roman — Pvt., Headquarters Co., 85th Inf.
Banaziak, Martin — Corp., 616th Aero Squadron.
Banaziak, Stephen— Pvt., Co. B, 108th Infantry.
Bartlett, Frank H. — Students' Army Training Corps.
Bement, Claude— Sgt., Co. G, 307th Infantry. WG
June, 1918, France.
Bentley, Harold E. — Musician, Headquarters Co.,
309th Infantry.
Bentley, Herbert F. — 2d-dass Machinist's Mate, Naval
Aviation.
Bentley, Phillip A.— Ist-class Pvt., M. P. 78th Division.
Berg, Ceylon L.— Pvt., Co. A, 307th Infantry.
Bettcher, Albert — Ist-class Pvt., Headquarters Co.
Beverly, Ira H.— Pvt., 48th Scotch Highlanders, C.E.F.
Bishop, Harold.
Black, Adrian.
Borewry, Antoni.
Bouquin, Harry J. — Pvt., Supply Co., 309th Infantry.
Bouquin, Monroe — Helmsman, U. S. S. "North
Dakota."
Brennan, Joseph P. — 12th Trench Mortar Battery.
Briggs, John W.— Pvt., Co. M, 309th Infantry.
Brown, Harold — Pvt., Supply Co., 27th Regiment.
Burke, Adolph A. — Pvt., 147th Motor Transport Corps.
Burns, Edward F.— Pvt., Co. F, 312th Am. Train.
Chapman, Earl W.— Pvt., Battery E, 105th F. A.
Church, Reuben F. — Pvt., 7th Medical Department.
Clark, Harry L.— Co. D, 103d Infantry.
Colmerauer, Joseph M. — Pvt., Headquarters Co., 304th
Field Artillery. WA August 27, 1918, France.
Connolly, Arthur F.
Cornplanter, Jesse J. — Pvt., Machine Gun Co., 147th
Infantry. GSS September 29, 1918, France.
Cummings, Louis — Pvt., Co. A, 346th Infantry.
Damm, George — Pvt., Headquarters Co., lUth F. A.
Darlack, Frank J. — Cook, Camp Gordon.
Detmer, Lewis — Pvt., Co. A, 1st Infantry Replacement
Regiment.
Eggen, John— Pvt., Co. H, 305th Infantry.
Frank, Leon V.— Corp., Co. E, 328th Infantry. WA,
France.
Frink, Aden H.— Cook, Co. L, 311th Infantry.
Gaertner, Carl A.— Pvt., 6th Regiment, U. S. M. C.
Gaertner, Paul F. — Wagoner, 9th Battalion.
Gafifney, Raymond A. — Pvt., Headquarters Co., 78th
Division.
Geiger, Warren S. — Pvt., 27th Aero Squadron.
Goode, Frank— Ist-class Pvt., Co. L, 312th Infantry.
Grimm, Floyd — Seaman, U. S. S. "Pueblo."
Grimm, Monroe — Seaman, U. S. S. "Comfort."
Grimm, Robert— Ist-class Pvt., Battery B, 106th F. A.
Griscon, Peter J.— Pvt., 108th Infantry.
Gurney, Lawrence F. — Pvt., 309th Infantry Band.
Hadley, Rollin V.— 1st Lieut., Medical Corps.
Hallock, Wm. D. — Students' Army Training Corps.
Hauri, Edward J.— Corp., Co. A, 1st Replacement.
Heim, Louis C. — Musician Headquarters, 27th Regt.
Herdeg, Howard B. — Electrician, U. S. Coast Guards.
Herdeg, Royal F. — Corp.. Chemical Warfare Service.
Holady, Domasz— Pvt., Battery B, 304th F. A.
Holden, J. E. — Capt., Medical Corps.
Hormig, Charles A.— Pvt., 13th Field Artillery.
Jackson, Andrew.
Jamison, Franklin F.— Musician, Co. F, 29th Infantry.
Johengen, Clayton A. — Cook, Co. M., 309th Infantry.
John. Benjamin H.— Pvt., Battery E, 334th F. A.
Johnnyjohn, Cleveland.
Johnnyjohn, Mitchell.
Johnson, Augustus.
Johnson, Frank H.— Sgt., U. S. T. U. 308.
Kelley, Perrin S. — Pvt., Headquarters, 305th Infantry.
WA September 7, 1918. France.
Kewley, Ardin— Pvt., 303d Military Police, 78th Div.
Kilbride, Arthur J.— Unit 3, Motor Transport Corps.
Kilbride, Francis— Pvt., Co. B, 348th Infantry.
Kochan, Anthony — Co. B, 307th Infantry.
Konert, John F.~Pvt., Co. L, 311th Infantry.
Kosidlo, Frank— Pvt., Co. C, 134th Infantry.
Krebs, Alvin G. — Pvt., Flying Squadron.
Krebs, Urban N.— Sgt., Co. M, 309th Infantry.
Krebs, Wm. H. — Students' Army Training Corps.
Krszywosz, Anthony — Pvt., Co. M, 7th Infantry.
Lamb, Ralph N.— Pvt., Co. I, 78th Infantry.
Lascola, Joseph P. — Pvt.
Lelito, John — Pvt., Walter Reed Hospital.
Lenius, Alfred J.— Pvt., Co. M, 319th Infantry.
Ley, Walter F.— Sgt., 303d Sanitary Train.
Maytham, Frank — Lieut., U. S. Navy.
Mclntyre, Francis M. — 181st Aerial Squadron.
Merrill, Fred C— Bugler, Battery B, 304th F. A.
Miskie, Leonard J. — Pvt., Co. E, Marine Corps.
Moses, Solem.
Mosher, Don — Great Lakes Station.
Mosher, Earl — Yeoman, U. S. S. " Wainwright."
Mueller, Wm. C. — 1st Sgt., Demonstration Battalion,
3d Army Corps.
Myers, John R. — Assistant Band Leader, 12th Band,
Coast Artillery.
Naber, Lawrence — Ist-class Pvt., 303d Remount Quar-
termaster Corps.
O'Connor, Ralph— Pvt., Co. F, 306th Infantry. WA
August 15, 1918, France.
Erie County's Service Roster
699
COLLINS — Con.
Olivey, Alfred — Pvt., Canadian Cavalry.
Palmerton, Merrill— Pvt., Battery D, 304th F. A.
Paterson, Spencer.
Peters. Paul.
Pettit, Herbert B.— Pvt., Headquarters Co., 102d In-
fantry. WA October 26, 1918, France.
Phillips, Adelle M. — Nurse, Camp Hospital 52.
Pierce, George.
Pingrey, Stewart — Pvt., Animal Embarkation Depot
302."
Popple, Carleton W.— Pvt., 7th Regiment, U. S. Med-
ical Corps.
Quinnon, Thomas — Naval Aviation.
Randall, Leeland L.- -Ist-class Pvt., 340th Guard and
Fire Co.
Raymond. Herman Lester.
Rieckhof, August — Sgt., Co.
Ross, Vernon R. — Corp., Co.
Marine Corps.
Rothfuss, Frederick C— Pvt., Co. D, 302d Engineers.
Sage, Charles T. — 2d Lieut., Air Service.
Sage, Esly G. — Seaman, U. S. S. "Louisiana."
Saunders, Bryan — Seaman, U. S. S. "Covington."
Schenkelberger, Fred P. — 1st Lieut., Medical Corps.
Selesky, Richard R. — Pvt., 168th Aero Squadron.
L, 325th Infantry.
F, 13th Regiment, U. S.
Shenk, Frederick P. — 1st Lieut., Evacuation Hospital
No. 49.
Skoczylas, John — Ist-class Pvt., 312th Am. Train.
Smith, Arthur H. — Corp., U. S. A. Embarkation Hos-
pital 4.
Smith, James W. — Pvt., Med. Corps, Base Hosp. No. 9.
Sprowl, Forest F. — Pvt., Medical Corps.
Straub, Harold— Ist-class Pvt., Battery B, 28th Coast
Artillery.
Stuhmiller, Curtis R.— Sgt., Co. A, 10th Infantry.
Sweet, Winifred H. — Corp., Medical Detachment.
Taft, Lawrence S.— Pvt., 153d Depot Brigade.
Tarbox, Irwin R.
Teemley, Alton J.— Pvt., Troop L, 4th Cavalry.
Trautman, Albert— Pvt., Battery C, 304th F. A.
Vance, Elmer — Pvt., Forestry Division.
Walker, William H. — Pvt., Gas Defense Service.
Weber, Carl W.
Wegner, Peter J.
Whittemore, Beverly — Corp., Headquarters Co.,
Field Artillery.
Whittemore, Van C— Corp., Co. A, 309th Machine
Gun Co.
Williams, Harold — Sgt. -Major, Headq'rs., 379th Inf.
Witt, Robert— Cook, 153d Depot Brigade.
79th
CONCORD
Gold Star Men
Bartlett, Robert H.- Lieut., Marine Corps. DD.
GoRSKY, Casimir— U. S. M. C. DD November 14, 1918.
Kastel, Albert M.— Co. H, 305th Infantry. KA October 12, 1918, Argonne.
Reynolds, Robert N. — Musician, 153d Depot Brigade. DD September 27, 1918, Camp Dix.
Sabota, Paul- Mess Sgt., Co. L, 309th Infantry. KA September 30, 1918, France.
Thurber, Lynn A.— Pvt., Co. A, 305th Infantry. DW September 27, 1918, Argonne.
Vail, Leroy.
Wheelock, Myron — Navy. Lost at Sea.
Andera, Joseph — Pvt., Co. B, 502d Engineers.
Babcock. D. H.
Barries, Harlan A. — U. S. Navy.
Beese, Robert S.— Pvt., 47th Infantry.
Benzing, Albert H.— Bugler, Battery B, 304th F. A.
Benzing, Charles J. — Cook, Co. M, 309th Infantry.
Benzing, Lloyd G. — Corp., 156th Depot Brigade.
Benzing, William F.— Bugler, Battery B, 304th F. A.
Binkey, Frank.
Binkey, .loseph.
Bissell, Elihu H.— Pvt., Batt. C, 4th Brig., F. A. R. D.
Blakely, George W.— Cook, 309th Infantry.
Blakely. Lowell E.— Supply Co., 309th Infantry.
Boardman, Don A. — Lieut., Veterinary Corps.
Borne, Ernest.
Botsford, Vernon P.— Ist-class Sgt., Co. C, 516th Engs.
Briggs, Isabelle — Y. M. C. A. Canteen Service.
Briggs, William H.— 2d Lieut., Co. I, 311th Infantry.
Brooks, Homer W. — 1st Lieut., Ordnance Department.
Burrows, Andrew J.
Cameron, Ralph.
Carlson, Oscar.
Ciszak, Adam.
Clark, Frederick.
Clark, Herbert— Corp., U. S. M. C.
Clark, Walter.
Clark, Wm. J.— U. S. Navy.
Colling, Perry L.— Pvt., Battery B, 304th F. A.
Comstock, Elmer R.
Comstock, Luzerne — Pvt., Tank Corps, N. A. R. D.
Comstock, Robert R.— 30th Co., 8th Bn., 164th D. B.
Clark, Walter.
Crandell, Norman E.— Cook, Co. L, 309th Infantry.
Davis, Lloyd E.— Sgt., Headquarters Co., 304th
Field Artillery.
Delzer, Benj. H.
Dygert, Leon.
Drayer, Arthur.
Ellis, Ray.
Emrick, Robert D.
Ernest, William J. — Mech., 31st Engrs.
Fattey, Cecil J.— Lieut., Headquarters Co., 309th Inf.
700
Erie County's Service Roster
CONCORD— Con.
Fay, Kenneth C— Sgt., Central Officers' T. C.
Fisher, Martin— Pvt., Co. G, 328th Infantry.
Fitzpatrick, Liol D. — Pvt., 112d Medical Detachment.
Fitzpatrick, Paul G. — Capt., Quartermaster Corps.
Folts, DeFred.
Folts, Frank — Lieut.
Fowler, Clarence.
Fowler, Glen E.— Sgt., Supply, 309th Infantry.
Fowler, Howard S.
Fox, Albert G.— Pvt., Co. C, 17th Bn., U. S. Guard.
Fox, Andrew J.— Pvt., 304th Field Artillery.
Fox, Leo, Jr. — 3d-class Storekeeper, Great Lakes.
Gamel, Clarence.
Garfoot, Wallace.
Gates, Victor.
Gaylord, Harvey — Major.
Geiger, Raymond M.— Pvt., Co. H, 305th Infantry.
WA October 3, 1918, Argonne.
Gibbin, Floyd E.— 1st Lieut., Base Hospital 112.
Gibbin, Leslie A. — Students' Army Training Corps.
Goodemote, George — 305th Guard and Fire Company.
Goodemote, Harold J. — Pvt., Trains Headquarters.
Gorsky, Frank E.— Corp., U. S. M. C. WA, Chateau
Thierry.
Granborn, Nestor.
Gustavel, Louis H. — Sgt., Army Service Corps.
Heath, Dun— Q. M. C.
Hein, Sebastian L.— Sgt., Co. C, 6th Repl. Reg.
Hewitt, Maurice S.
Hoagland, Chas. W.— Pvt., Aerial Photo See's No. 31.
Hoffman, James.
Hoffman, Joseph E.
Hufstader, Herman W.— Sgt., Co. L, 309th Infantry.
Irwin. Elmer A. — Ist-class Pvt.
Jackson, Claude.
Jaureller, Paul— Pvt.. M. E. R. C.
Jureller, S.vlvester H. — Pvt., Engineers.
Katzman, Leo.
Kempenski, Frank. — V . S. N.
Kies, EUiott.
Kickbush, Alfred.
Kickbush, Leonard.
King, Howard C.
King, Noels.— Cook, Co. M, 309th Inf.
Klahn, Wm.
Kraft, Victor.
Krayowski, John.
Krzemien, John F. — LT. S. Inf.
Krzemien, Stanley A. — U. S. Navy.
Lang, Michael R. — Pvt., Depot Brigade, 47th Detach.
Leland, Claude G. — Lieut.
Linderose, Ossian S.
Lohrey, George J. — Pvt., Co. A, 305th Infantry.
Loth, Charles H. — Students' Army Training Corps.
Lotter, Leroy W. — Students' Army Training Corps.
Lowe, Norton M.— Ist-class Pvt., Co. A, 102d Am. Tr.
Lucas, Ernest.
Mahl, Mary — Nurse, Hospital Unit.
Marceilje, Oscar. — Pvt., Co. H, 305th Infantry.
Marsh, Gilbert— Pvt., 87th Co.
Maxwell, James C— Ist-class Pvt., Co. H, 108th Infan-
try. WA September 29, 1918, Hindenburg Line.
McCabe, Fred.
McGavern, Benjamin.
McGavern, Howard— Pvt., U. S. M. C.
Mayo, Marvin C.
Meyers, Marvin — Co. I, 29th Eng.
Michael, Leroy W. — Pvt., Dental Co. No. 1.
Mooney, Bernard E. — Pvt., Motor Truck Co. 547
Morgester, Maurice.
Morgester, Wm. J.
Mudgett, John J. — Lieut. Colonel.
Nason, Albert M. — Wagoner, 6th Inf. Repl. Reg.
Nason, Aloysius F.
Nason, Frank J.
Oyer, Harvey.
Oyer, Leon.
Palmerton, Lloyd H.— Pvt., Co. A, ISth Infantry. WA.
July 21, 1918, France.
Passell, Patsey.
Pearson, Donald— Pvt., 306th F. S. Battalion.
Pearson, Leo J. — Sgt., Medical. 7th Sanitary Train.
Pearson, Norman — Ist-class Seaman, U. S. S." Connor."
Peters, Lucian M. — Pvt.
Peters, Nicholas J.
Pettis, Frank A.
Plinston, Frank C— Lieut., Q. M. C.
Prior, Thomas W. — Pvt., Medical Detachment, 304th
Field Artillery. WA August 19, 1918, Chateau Thier.
Pritchard, Ivan. — Pvt., Co. E, 16th Engineers.
Pritchard, Marshall— Corps., Co. G, 108th Infantry.
WA September 29, 1918, Cambrai.
Rauth, John.— 303 Remt. Detach.
Reed, Francis L.
Reed, Louis J. — Ist-class Sgt., Motor Transport Corps.
Reynolds, Luther.
Rider, Charles M. — Sgt., Chief Engineer's Office.
Rider, John A.
Roadarmel, Harry E.
Rogers, Lloyd H. — Pvt., Headquarters 77th Division.
Roher, William C.
Rumsey, Phillip H.— Pvt., 5th Co., Motor Train Supply
Rust, Edward.
Salzer, Albert W. — Horseshoer, Co. A, 308th Machine
Gun Battalion.
Schrader, Carl— U. S. M. C.
Schrader, Edward.
Schroeder, Elmer J.— Pvt., U. S. M. C.
Schue, Lynn — Ist-class Pvt., Co. E, 305th Infantry.
Schwitzer, Frederick W.
Scott, Gorman— Pvt., Co. B, 15th Bn., U. S. G.
Search, William E.
Seider, Carl J.— Pvt.
Shuttleworth, Esther — Y. M. C. A., Canteen Service.
Schuttleworth, Richard R.— Corp., Co. A, 6th Engin.
Skoras, Charles.
Simmons, William A. — Ist-class Pvt., F. A.
Singer, Joseph — Ist-class Pvt., Medical Dect.
Sixt, Bert— Pvt., 309th Infantry. G October Argonne.
Sixt, Edward F.— Sgt., Co. I, 152d Depot Brigade.
Erie County's Service Roster
701
CONCORD— Con.
Sloane, Harold.
Slopey, Donald. — Ist-class Pvt., 102d Amm. Train.
Slopey, Xenia — Red Cross Canteen Service.
Smead, Douglas C. — Ist-cl. Sgt., 328th Aero Squadron.
Smith, Crary— Pvt., Headquarters Co., , 83d F. A.
Smith, Edward — Lieut.
Smith, Leroy— Pvt., 304 F. A.
Smith, Sylvester L. — Pvt., Hospital Unit.
Snyder, Roy— 311 Amf. Co., 303 San. Train.
Spaulding, Neil A. — Corp., Co. E, 11th Regiment,
U. S. M. C.
Stanard, Walter R.— Pvt., Co. M, 309th Infantry.
Stanbro, Gregory E. — Capt., Medical.
Stanbro, Frederick H. — 1st Lieut., Medical.
Stanbro, Fred H., Jr.— Sgt., 55th Base Hospital.
Stanbro, Gordon — 2d-class Seaman, \J. S. S. "Arkan-
sas."
Standish, Livingston M.— 2d Lieut., Bat. B, 304 F. A.
Spencer, Milton H.
Stedman, Edward— Sgt., Co. B. 6th U. S. Eng.
Steff, Barney — Pvt., Auxiliary Remount.
Steff, Henry T.— Pvt., 346th infantry.
SteflF, William F.— U. S. S. "Henderson." Injured
aboard ship by explosion.
Stowell, Edwin .J.
Terwilliger, Jesse.
Terwilliger, Lynn.
Thiefolt, Arthur— Pvt., 48th Co., C. A. C.
Thurber, Arthur.— Pvt., Co. A, 305th Infantry.
Thurber, Roy — Pvt., 35th Squadron.
Timm, Irvin C— Battery F, 35th F. A.
Timin, Arnold E,— Pvt., M. G. Co, 308th Infantry.
Trevett, Merton B. — Pvt., Co. A, Base Hospital.
Upson, Merrill.
Upson, Millard— Pvt., S. S. U., 622d.
Utrich, William — 1st Lieut., 136 Aero. Squadron.
Van Slyke, Herman B.
Van Valkenburg, W. — Sgt.
Vaughan, Maxwell — Co. F, 33d Engineers.
Vaughn, John P.
Vedder, Archie — 2d-class Pharmacist's Mate, U. S. S.
"Bushnell."
Waite, Sheridan C— Pvt., Dental Corps.
Waldron, Harold — Lieut.
Warner, Stanley A. — Corp., Co. E, 305th Infantry.
Wasson, Raymond A.— Pvt.. 302d F. G. B.
Wasson, Theron.
Weber, James B., Jr.,— Pvt., 323d Supply Co.
Weismantle, Herman W. — 304th Infantry.
Weismantel, Mark P. — Ist-class Pvt., 77th Military
Police Co.
Weld, Ellis.
Williams, Harold L.
Woodward, Merle M.
Winship, Lewis L.~S. A. T. C.
Wright, Ollis.
EAST HAMBURG
Gold Star Men
Brebn, Frank — KA November 7, 1918.
Gernold, August J.— Pvt., Co.K, 311th Infantry. KA October 28, 1918, Grand Pre.
Harrington, Karl G.— Pvt., U. S. M. C. DD February 1, 1918, Paris Island.
Russow, Fred C— Pvt., Co. C, 61st Infantry. KA
Adams, Floyd T.— Sgt., Co. C, 108th Infantry.
Adams, Robert M.— Ist-class Pvt., Battery B, 104th
Field Artillery.
Barber, George W. — Pvt., 136th Spruce Squadron.
Parens, Anthony.
Bauer, Arnold G. — Corp., Co. L, 311th Infantry. WG
September, 1918, France.
Bauer, Emil.
Benn, Lawrence G. — Pvt., Co. C, 1st Aviation.
Benzinger, Wm. E. — Students' Army Training Corps.
Blundy, John A.— Cook, Battery E, 304th F. A.
Blundy, Joseph R.— Sgt., Machine Gun Co., 309th Inf.
Boll, Norman F.— Pvt., Co. I, 153d Depot Brigade.
Bosz, Michael— Pvt., Headquarters Co., 304th F. A.
Bresien, Bernhardt T. E. — Fireman, U. S. S. "Harris-
burg."
Brun, Frank X.— Pvt., Headiiuarters Co., 106th Field
Artillery. W, France.
Caughell, Bessie M. — Nurse, Base Hospital, Camp
Gordon.
Carey, John— Pvt., Co. D, 346th Infantry.
Carrow, Howard C. — Pvt., 311th Ambulance.
Casterline, Ralph H. — Corp., Aviation Service.
Caughell, Robert P.— Corp., Co. C, 303d Engineers.
Close, Harold F.— Pvt., Co. A, 145th Regiment.
Colling, Perry L.— Pvt., Battery B. 304th F. A.
Davis, Richard S.— Pvt., Battery B, 104th F. A.
Deuel, Milton B.— Wagoner, Supply Co., 311th Inf.
Diller, Edgar J. — Pvt., Headquarters Co., 61st Infantry
WA November 20, 1918, France.
Diller, John M., Jr.— Pvt., 15th Ordnance Guard.
Dimpfle, William.
Dworsak, Dominick— Corp., Battery B, 106th F. A.
Eisele, Albert J.— Pvt., Battery E, 304th F. A.
Eisele, Edward A. — Pvt., Ordnance Dept.
Farrand, Ira F.— Pvt., Co. L, 311th Infantry.
Farrington, Jennie E. — Nurse, Base Hospital 91 , France.
Fink, Carl E.
Fitzpatrick, Lionel D.— Pvt., n2th Medical Detach.
Fitzpatrick, Paul G.— Capt., Quartermaster Corps.
Folsom, Merton W. — Sgt., Co. E, 303d Engineers.
Gerken, Lawrence — Sgt., 309th Infantry.
Gernold, Carl J.
Gernold, Adam J.
702
Erie County Service Roster
EAST HAMBURG— Con.
Gernold, Jacob F.— Baker, U. S. S. "Venetia."
Gerwitz, Gerald F.— Ist-class Pvt., Co. L, 311th Inf.
Graber, Albert J. — Sgt., Coast Guards.
Haag, Howard F. — Corp., Co. H, 111th Regiment.
WA July 25, 1918, Vesle River. WA October 5, 1918,
Argonne.
Haefner, Henry— Pvt., Co. M, 309th Infantry.
Harrington, Karl G.— Corp., 455th Co., U. S. M. C.
DD February 1, 1919, Paris Island.
Hawkins., Stanley M.— Corp., Battery B, 106th F. A.
Hoag, Donald C. — Pvt., Remount Depot.
Hodson, George F.— Pvt., Supply Co., 304th F. A.
Hull, Minert E.— Ist-class Machinist's Mate, U. S. N.
Aviation.
Jakel, Louis
Kemp, Frank Wm.
Kemp, Henry W.— Corp., Battery A, 106th F. A.
Klee, Edward M. — Pvt., Headquarters Co., 311th Inf.
Koelmel, Edward A.— Pvt., Co. A, 108th Infantry.
Krueger, Charles— Pvt., Co. M, 307th Infantry.
Lane, Arthur— Pvt., Co. D, 348th Infantry.
Loveland, Geo. W.
Loveland, Henry B., Jr.— Pvt., Co. M, 309th Infantry.
Lumley, Frederick E.
Mann, Herbert C. — Lieut., Medical Corps.
Maul, Edgard G.— Ist-class Pvt., Co. F, 303d Engin.
McConnell, Stuart DeGraff— Chief Yeoman, U. S. N.
McCourt, Andrew H.— Sgt., Battery B, 304th Field
Artillery. WA August 19, 1918, Vesle.
Meyers, Alfred F.
Miller, Fay E. — Carpenter's Mate, U. S. S. "Kansas."
Orvis, Edgar P.
Peek, Frederic A.— Sgt., Battery B, 104th F. A.
Petre, Albert J.— Pvt., Co. 3, 153d Depot Brigade.
Pfalzgraf, John R.— Pvt., 177th Co., 14th Regiment.
U. S. M. C.
Pinkel, JohnC.
Randorf, McKinley — Navy.
Rockwood, William— Pvt., Battery B, 304th F. A.
Ross, Cameron A.— Pvt., Battery B, 104th F. A.
Ross, Josiah — Pvt., Headquarters Co., 108th Infantry.
Saville, Harry I. — Corp., Headquarters Co., 106th
Field Artillery.
Schichtel, Allen F.— Corp., Co. M, 328th Infantry.
Schoenhardt, Elias — U. S. S. "Conyngham."
Schultz, Frank — Ist-class Pvt., Headquarters Co.,
M.T. R. P.
Schultz, Frederick C— Pvt., Machine Gun Co., 1 1th Inf.
Seibel, Arthur — Chief Machinist's Mate, U. S. S.
"Colorado."
Smith, George.
Stebbins, Alvin K.— Pvt., 34th Co., 153d Depot Brig.
Szpakowski, Casimir.
Trost, Fred — Pvt., 161st Aero Squadron.
Umber, Fred G. — Pvt., Aux. Remount Depot.
Wertman, Edward S. — Pvt., 311th Infantry.
Wheeler, Hollis B. — Ist-class Machinist's Mate, U. S.
Sub-chaser 83.
Wheeler, Ralph A. — Ensign, Naval Aviation.
Willard, Arthur G.— Wagoner, Supply Co., 309th Inf.
Wittmann, Aloysius S. — Pvt., 19th Battalion.
Wood, Thomas A.— Corp., Co. B, 23d Infantry. WA
June 24, 1918, Chateau Thierry. WA September 12,
1918, Meuse-Argonne.
Zdrojewski, Aloysious J. — Cook.
Zdrojewski, Bronislaus J. — Corp., Co. C, 307th Infan.
EDEN
Gold Star Men
Bauer
, Irving J. -Pvt., 29th Prov. Ordnance Depot. DD October 7, 1918.
Edick,
Johns.— D October 29, 1918.
Flint,
Harold G.— Sgt., 125th Aero Squadron. DD December 21, 1917.
Faulkner, Herman— Pvt., Co. K, 7th Infantry. July 14, 1918, Marne. |
Haag,
Edward— Pvt., Co. H, 311th Infantry. DD April 11, 1918. 1
Newell, Loren E.— Pvt., 5th U. S. M. C. KA June 7, 1918. 1
NvHART, Herbert E. Pvt., Co. M, 108th Infantry. DW October 20, 1918. 1
Alessi, Sam— Corp., Co. L, 309th Infantry.
Altenburg, Hubert E.
Altman, John — Pvt., Co. B, 7th Platoon Engineers.
Armstrong, George H.
Baird, Fred E.
Baird, Vincent— Pvt., 307th Machine Gun Battalion.
Bartlett, Albert— Pvt., 335th Machine Gun Battalion.
Bartlett, Edward— Pvt., Co. K, 7th Infantry.
Bartoo, Herbert— Pvt., C. M. T. A., 2d Army.
Bauer, George — Pvt., 9th Ammunition Train.
Benkleman, Henry — Pvt., Supply Co., 311th Infantry.
Bentley, Floyd— Pvt., Co. B, 303d Ammunition Train.
Borgart, William H.— Pvt.
Boseck, Clarence T.— Sgt., Co. L., 309th Infantry.
Boseok, Oliver J. Pvt., Co. H, U. S. M.'c'lst Regt.
Brock, Henry — Pvt., Medical Department.
Brockman, Leo H. — Pvt., Headquarters Co., 26th F. A.
Castle, Albert— Cook, Battery A, 304th Field Artillery.
Castle, Martin — Pvt., 1st Depot, 5th Replacement.
Castle, William R.— Pvt., Co. A, Military Police,
Camp Lee.
Critoph, Gordon— Pvt., Troop K, 4th Cavalry.
Dobrenkencz, Stephen— Pvt., Co. B, 328th Infantry.
Dole, Joseph— Pvt., Co. B, 59th Pioneers.
Fisher, Peter— Pvt., Co. B, 509th Pioneer Infantry.
Fries, Harry C— Pvt., Co. C, 153d Depot Brigade.
Injured December, 1917.
Goglin, Theodore — Pvt., Ordnance.
Erie County's Service Roster
703
EDEN — Con.
Grosch, Edward.
Grosjean, Jerome E. — Sgt., Co. A, 3d Infantry.
Gross, Chas. C. — Pvt., Base Hospital.
Hahn, Ray — Pvt., 82d Division.
Hammond, Ivan— Pvt., Co. B, 304th Battalion Tank C.
Howard, Joseph.
Howell, George R. — Pvt., 434th Marine Barracks.
Hunt, Albert R. — Pvt., Signal Corps, Air Squadron.
Jeanperrin, George.
Johnson, Allen F.— Pvt., Co. C, S. A. T. C.
Kaminski, Leo — Pvt., 2d Infantry.
Karalus, Stephen A. — Pvt., Co. A, 302d Engineers.
Keller, Charles J.— Pvt., Co. A, 61st Infantry.
Loose, Edw. J.— Sgt., Battery E, 106th Field Artillery.
Looze, Francis X.— Pvt., Co. B, 106th Supply Train.
Looze, John D. — Pvt., 9th Battalion, Trench Mortar B.
Macchiarella, Stephen — Pvt., 307th Infantry.
Maischoss. William J. — Pvt., Tank Corps.
Mangus, Frank — Sgt., Headquarters, Quartermaster C.
Manley, James C.
Maplesden, Allen — Ist-class Pvt., Co. M, 311th Inf.
Meister, Otto H. G.— Pvt., Co. D, 312th Engineers.
Messal, Max — U. S. S. "Beauford."
Mixer, Knowlton, Jr.
Newman, Frank.
Omphalius, William — Pvt., Air Service.
Osonski, Walter — Pvt., 1st Battalion.
Palmerton, Joseph — Sgt., Co. L, 309th Infantry.
Pingery, Stewart — Pvt., 302d Depot.
Pintak, Joseph— Bugler, Battery A, 106th Field Art.
Preischel, Ed. G.— Pvt., Co. M, 2d Replacement Regt.
Preischel, Tony— Pvt., Co. D, 11th Battalion M. P.
Pries, Elon — Pvt., 6th Battalion, Military Police.
Primo, Howard — Pvt., Aberdeen Prov. Guards.
Prize!, Clarence— Pvt., Co. E, 348th Infantry.
Prizel, George — Pvt., 309th Infantry.
Quint, Richard— Pvt., Co. C, 335th Machine Gun Bat.
Reed, George F.— Pvt., Troop H, 5th Cavalry.
Rice, Ernest A.— Pvt., Co. A, Signal School.
Rice, Frank C— Pvt., Co. 25th, 153d Depot Brigade.
Richardson, Orin— Pvt., Battery C, 106th Field Art.
Richey, George B.
Richter, James J.
Robinson, Floyd O. — Pvt., Naval Training Station.
Russell, Irving J.
Scheuerle, William— Pvt., U. S. S. "Madanska."
Schintizus, Leo— Pvt., Co. M, 2d Infantry Rep.
Schosek, George.
Schreiner, Albert M.— Pvt., 5th Infantry Rep. Unit.
Smith, Arthur D.— Pvt., 467th Aero Squadron.
Steff, Barnie.
Straker, William— Pvt., U. S. M. C.
Straker, James — Pvt., 12th Regiment, Great Lakes.
Straker, John— Pvt., U. S. M. C.
Stressing, Elmer — Pvt., 425th Motor Supply Train.
Stressing, Howard — Pvt., Headquarters Co., 309th
Machine Gun Battalion.
Thiel, Edward — Corp, 303d Aux. Remount Depot.
Thiel, Henry G.— Sgt., 303d Aux. Remount Depot.
Thomas, Stephen J.— Pvt., 308th Supply Detach.
Unger, Clarence.
Uroblewski, Stephen— Pvt., C. W. S.
Vellam, Glenn A.— Pvt., Supply Co., 309th Infantry.
Watson, Walter — Corp., Headquarters Co., 309th In-
fantry. WA October 4, 1918.
Webb, Howard— Sgt., U. S. M. C.
Webster, Morton B.— Sgt., Supply Co., 309th Infantry.
Weiser, Ward W.
Welch, Nelson — Pvt., Battery E, 2d Regiment.
Wyckham, Robert J. — Pvt., Motor Transport Corps.
Young, Albert W.
Ziegelhoffer.Fred G.— Pvt., Headquarters Co., 309th Inf.
ELMA
Reels, Alfred— Pvt.
KURTZHOLS, ChARLES-
Gold Star Men
Co. L, 311th Infantry. DD January 7, 1918, France.
-Pvt., Co. K, 311th Infantry. KA November 1, 1918.
Allen, Harry.
Barnes, Lloyd— 334th Tank Corp.
Bauman, Fred F.— Pvt., Co. M, 311th Infantry.
Beckett, Warren F.--Pvt.
Board, Lydia — Canteen Worker, Y. M. C. A.
Boiler, William G.— Pvt., Supply Co., 343d Infantry.
Briggs, Horace A. — 2d-class Qm., U. S. S. "Florida."
Bummer, Henry — Pvt., 326th Supply.
Chizlett, James R.— Pvt.
Conley, Edward J.— Pvt., Co. A, 302d Supply Train.
Conley, John— Pvt., 311th Supply Train.
Conley, Joseph C— Pvt., Battery E, 305th Field Artil-
lery. WG September 6, 1918, Argonne.
Doller, Roy E.— Corp., 14th Salvage Co.
Donnelly, Francis R. — Pvt., 305th Machine Gun Bat-
talion. WA October 16, 1918, France.
Drosendahl, Clarence — Pvt., 303d Aux. Remount Dep.
Eldridge, Harvey B. — Corp., 54 Balloon Co.
Gatter, Conrad M.— Camp Hospital 7.
Gattie, Frank— Pvt., 153d Depot Brigade.
Gorenflo, Henry F.— Sgt., 42 Balloon Co.
Gruber, Frank — 302d Supply Train.
Hecker, Frederick— Pvt., 65th Co., 153d Depot Brigade.
Herbold, Henry— Pvt., Co. A, 302d Engineers.
Herlan, Jesse G. — Wagoner, 306th Infantry.
Hewett, Maurice S.— Ist-class Pvt., 302d F. S. B.
Hinterberger, Geo. M., Ist-class Pvt., 544th Co.,
Motor Transport Corps.
Hirsch, G. Gordon— Pvt., Co. L, 309th Infantry. WG
September 12, 1918, Metz.
Hirsch, Vincent R. — Drum Major, Headquarters Co.,
304th Field Artillery.
ro4
Erie County's Service Roster
ELMA— Con.
Hornung, Harry E.
Hurd, James P.— Sgt., Battery E, 106th Field Artillery.
Jerge, P. P. — Pvt., Headquarters Co., 211th Infantry.
Jones, Harry T. — Pvt., Co. E, 302d Engineers.
Jones, Mark S. — Fireman, U. S. S. "Duncan."
Jones, Myron — Pvt.
KaeHn, Charles S.— Capt., Staff.
Klas, Joseph C— Sgt., Co. M, 309th Infantry.
Klink, Edward— Pvt., Battery B, 304th Field Artillery.
Koch, Chas. Wm.— Pvt., 153d Depot Brigade.
Landahl, Wm. F.— Pvt., Machine Gun Co., 157th Inf.
Lathrup, Albert— Pvt., Supply Co., 305th Infantry.
Lathrop, Emory — Corp., Battery A, 77th Field Artillery.
Lathrop, Harry— Pvt., Co. A, 308th Infantry.
Lee, Herbert M. — Major, 36th Coast Artillery Corps.
Lee, Lawrence W. — Ensign, U. S. N. Aviation.
Leverentz, John F.— Pvt., Battery A, 304th F. A.
Lines, Alvin T. — Chief Machinist's Mate, U. S. N. Air
Station.
Ludeman, Geo. A. — 2d-class Engineman, U. S. S. "Mis-
sissippi."
Ludeas, Elmer E. — U. S. N. Air Station. Injured Feb-
ruary 15, 1919, Key West.
Mallow, Charles — Seaman, U. S. Navy.
Mary, John — Pvt., Co. I, 12th Ammunition Train.
Mary, Jacob — 2d Lieut., School of Aeronautics.
McClive, Douglas W. — Apprentice Seaman, U. S. Navy
McCubbin, Guy— Battery A, 32d Field Artillery.
Murphy, John P.
Nuwer, Joseph A.
Petri, George J.
Pierce, Albert L.
Pierce, Willard W.— Pvt.
Reuther, Louis M.— U. S. M. C.
Schasel, Edward — Pvt., Special Service.
Schasel, Walter— Pvt., Co. I, 310th Infantry.
Schiewiller, Geo. W.— Ist-class Pvt., 302d Supply Train
Schlum, Frank— Sgt., U. S. M. C.
Schlum, Vincent— Pvt., 66th Co., U. S. M. C.
Schneider, Geo. P.
Seidlecki, John.
Snyder, Charles V.
Stadler, George E.
Stitz, Herbert E.— Sgt., Co. M, 309th Infantry. WG
October, 1918, France.
Stockman, Frank G. — Sgt., Quartermaster Corps.
Theal, Arthur W. — Pvt., Receiving Camp.
Theal, Clarence F. — Pvt., Aux. Remount.
Tillow, Donald J. — Lieut., Medical Corps.
Wahl, Elmer E.— Pvt.
Wakely, Albert— Pvt., 337th Tank Corps.
Wallenmeier, Harry — Sgt., Co. B, 153d Infantry.
Weber, Emil F. — Pvt., Machine Gun Co., 61st Infantry.
Webster, Nelson V.— Pvt., Co. H, 305th Infantry.
Yaeger, Louis — Pvt., 307th Supply Co.
Young, William J.— Pvt. DD.
EVANS
Gold Star Men
Herdl, Albert E.— 97th Co., U. S. M. C.
DD .January 28, 1919, Coblenz.
ZoFFKE, George A — Co. M, 7th Infantry.
KA .July, 1918.
Andres, Leo.
Andrus, Howard.
Barthelemy, Frank.
Bedaska, Leo E.
Bingheimer, Frank — Corp., 62d Engineers.
Bingheimer, Phillip, Jr.
Blackney, Seley H.— Ist-class Pvt., Sup. Co., 345th Inf.
Bower, Henry C, Jr.
Brand, Henry — Seaman Signalman, U. S. Navy.
Britting, Lyman E.
Brodie, James D.
Bromley, Clarence.
Bromley, Roy C.
Brotherston, D. L. — Sgt., Medical Corps.
Buggenhagen, Raymond — Pvt., 11th Co., Development
Battahon.
Bundy, Harry D.
Burke, Willis E.
Cappello, Thomas— Ist-class Pvt., Co. D, 346th Inf.
Carter, Eugene.
Cook. Donald D.
Covert, Albert M.
Cozzo, Giuseppe.
Crist, Chester E.
Ellis, Anthony J.
Ells, Clarence H.
Englund, Wallie E.
Englund, Ward E.
Feldman, Sam.
Giancanello, Angelo.
Goide, Henry.
Green, Ernst.
Green, John T. — 1st Lieut., Motor Transport Corps.
Groome, Wm.
Grooms, Marion.
Guest, Clark.
Hanson, Halmer.
Hanson, Robert C.
Harms, Charles F. — Pvt., November Replacement.
Harris, Tyler.
Heimburg, Hubert W. — Pvt., Medical Corps, General
Hospital 13.
Herdle, Albert E.
Hocking, Alfred J.
Hotchkiss, Eugene E.
Hummel, Victor F.
Hunt. Harold.
Hurd, Leverne.
Erie County's Service Roster
705
EVANS— Con.
Hurley, Geo. H.
Ingelsoll, Louis W.
Ingersoll, Nelson A.
Kulakoff, John D.
Lake, Arthur W.— Ist-class Pvt., 290th MiHtary Police.
Lalloz, Arthur C.
Landon, Merritt M.
Landon, Miles.
Lobello, Carmello.
Lobello, Charles.
Lobello, Sam.
Logasso, Frank C.
Long, Geo. E.
Lucas, John— Pvt., Co. K, 306th Infantry. WA Sep-
tember 27, 1918, Argonne.
Luss, Harry.
Miller, Charles.
Mock, Fred.
Mohn, John E.
Mosher, Herbert.
Neubeck, Horace H.
Neuman, John.
Neuman, Stanley.
Oatman, Arthur G.
O'Marr, Cornelius F.
Peterson, Carl H.
Pickering, Theo. H.
Planz, Harry J. — Ist-class Pvt., 310th Fire and Guard
Co.
Rich, Joe.
Robinson, Benj. — Pvt., 31st Co., 91st Regiment, Camp
Wheeler.
Ryan, William M.
Stalamacchia, Dominick.
Schlender, Everett J.
Schwert, Pius L.— Supply Officer, U.S.S. "West Mead."
Scully, Edw. A.
Scully, Gerald A. — Pvt., Students' Army Training
Corps (Canisius).
Smith, Stephen A. — 3d-class Electrician (R), Navy.
Stanley, Roy E.
Stevenson, Edw. R.— Sgt., Medical Detachment, 304th
Field Artillery.
Swerdloff, Isaac.
Timm, Arnold E.
Trubee, John H.
Van Name, Benj.
Vella, Sam.
Velzy. Harold E.
Viluci, Joe.
Walsh, David.
Weber, Henry.
Zoffke, Geo. A.
Zoffke, William-
-Ist-class Pvt., F and G Co., 340.
GRAND ISLAND
Braunschweig, Paul L. — Corp., 102d Trench Motor Bat.
Burns, Joseph A. — Sgt., Headquarters Co., 311th Inf.
Careis, George S.
Cheloppy, Peter.
Christman, Fred E. — Pvt., 2d Div. Ammunition Train.
Colvin, Willie— Pvt., Co. A, 329th Machine Gun
Battalion.
DeGlopper, Arlington — Chauffeur, 660th Aero Squad'n.
Egner, William T.
Fleischman, Leonard — Pvt., Headq'rs Co., 347th Inf.
Fleischman, Philip— Pvt., Co. I, 61st Infantry.
Forsythe, J. Ransom — Ist-class Pvt., 305th F. A.
Francis, Joseph — Pvt., R. R. and C.
Genoese, Luigi.
Geschwender, Leonard — Pvt., Co. F, 26th Infantry.
Kreger, Benjamin W. — Corp., 302d Supply Train.
Lattner, Joe C. — Marine Recruiting Office.
Lattner, Oscar J. — Aviation Service.
McKenzie, Ralph — Sgt., Headquarters Co., 311th Inf.
Neilans, Thomas — Co. K, 51st Pioneers.
Oakes, Marvyn C— U. S. M. C.
Salton, Wendell P.— Pvt., 311th Infantry.
Sidway, Clarence.
Smith, Percy.
Tushe, Demetre.
Young, Chelcy R.
HOLLAND
Gold Star Men
Brink, Frank H.— Pvt., Co. M, 309th Infantry. KA September 17, 1918, St. Mihiel.
Burns, Evan D.— Co. A, 15th Reg. U. S. N. DD Great Lakes Training School.
SCHURR, Alton— Pvt., Co. E„ 328th Inf. KA October 10, 1918, Argonne.
Trank, Florence M.— Army Nurse, Base Hospital 58, DD October 3, 1918, Havre, France.
Zapf. George— Pvt., 78th Battalion, Canadian Army. KA August 11, 1917, Maroc.
Bangert, Earl J.— Pvt., Co. L, 3nth Infantry.
Bangert, George H. — Bat'n. Sgt. -Major, Headquarters
Co., 311th Infantry. W October 25, 1918, Argonne.
Bancroft, George H. — Corp., 53d Balloon Co.
Bellinger, John.
Bellinger, William— Pvt., Co. C, 148th Regiment. W
October 29, 1918, Argonne.
Bigosinski, Ignatz M. — Pvt., Training Co., 21.
Block, Homer C. — Pvt., 852 Aero Squadron.
Braymiller, Floyd.
Brown, Roland E.— Pvt., 304th F. A. Battery.
Conley, Robert J.— Candidate Officer, 25th Co., Cen-
tral Officers' Training School.
Conrad, Clare C— Ist-class Pvt., M. G. Co., 307th Inf.
706
Erie County's Service Roster
HOLLAND — Con.
Cooper, Stanley— Co. E, 78th F. A.
Decker, A. W.— Lieut., Battery E, 33d Artillery.
Donnor, Edwin A.— Pvt., Co. C, 102d Engineers. G
September 27, 1918, France.
Ferner, Walter F.
Firestein, Joseph L. — Pvt., Machine Gun Co., 311th Inf.
Fischer, George E.— Pvt., 28th Co., U. S. M. C.
Gerstung, Floyd W. — Ist-class Machinist's Mate, U. S.
Navy Air Service.
Harper, Russell T.— Pvt., Co. L, 311th Infantry.
Hawks, Harry S. — Apprentice Seaman, U. S. N. R.
Haws, Lloyd R.— Pvt., Co. H, 310th Infantry.
Helwic, Raymond E.— Pvt.. Co.D,9th Bat'n U.S. Guards.
Inglis, Wm.— Pvt.,Co. E, 403d Telegraph Batt.
Johnson, Merle B.— Pvt., Co. A, 302d Field Signal Bn.
Kennedy, Francis C. — M. M., U. S. N.
Kramer, Thomas L.—Sgt., Co. M, 307th Inf.
Krimberg, Frederick — Pvt., Headq'rs Co., 60th Inf.
Kuhn, Roy E.— Ist-class Pvt., Co. G, 345th Infantry.
Legwalt, Daniel— Pvt., Battery E, 304th F. A.
Letson, Byron J. — Gunner's Mate School, V. S. N-
Limburg, Jacob A.— Pvt., Co. H, 307th Infantry. G
September, 1918, France.
Limburg, William— Sgt., Co. G, 309th Infantry. G
September, 1918, France.
Lowe, Albert W.— Pvt., Co. C, 9th Regiment.
Lowe, Frank.
Mamoth, John A.— Sgt., 51st Co., 5th Reg't U. S. M. C.
Mann, Herbert Christian.
Matusak, Felix.
Milleville, Paul W.— Pvt., Battery B, 304th F. A.
Miller, Minor— 51st Co., 5th Reg., U. S. Marines.
Neitzel, Herman— Pvt., Co. F, 151st F. A. WA June,
1918, France.
Nutzel, Frederick— Pvt., Battery C, 505th F. A.
Poate, Ernest M. — 1st Lieut., Medical Corps.
Rich, Harry— Pvt., Co. I, 108th Infantry.
Ring, Arthur C— Mechanic, Co. K, 311th Infantry. G.
October 27, 1918, St. Mihiel.
Rogers, Ray— Pvt., Co. L, 311th Infantry. WA No-
vember, 1918, France.
Schroeder, Edward H.— Pvt., Co. M, 307th Infantry.
Schuster, Arthur Louis — Pvt., Co. K, 311th Infantry.
WA November 3, 1918, Argonne.
Segwalt, Daniel— Pvt., Battery E, 304th F. A.
Sergei, Courtland F.— Pvt., Batt'y E, 334th F. A., N. A.
Shreder, Julius A— Pvt., Co. C, 302d Supply Train.
Strara, Floyd C— Pvt., Co. A, 305th Infantry.
Awarded D.S.C. for bravery in action on the Vesle.
Tanner, Nelson F.— Pvt., 27th Co., U. S. Marine Corps.
Taylor, George F.— Pvt, 79th Co., 6th Reg't,U.S.M.C.
Templeton, Leslie A. — Gunnery Sgt., Marine Aviation.
Thompson, Charles J.
Thornton, Donald F.— Pvt., Headq'rs Co., 304th F. A.
Wagner, Edward — Pvt., Headquarters Co., 311th In-
fantry. WA November 6, 1918, Argonne.
Wagner, William — Seaman, U. S. Naval Reserve.
Wheeler, Erie M.— Casual Unit, M. T. C.
Whitney, Lloyd P. — Pvt., 3d Ammunition Train.
Whitney, Maurice G. — Pvt., 260th Aero Squadron.
Woodworth, Roy A. — Pvt., Co. J, 7th Infantry.
Yox, Clarence L. — Corp., Co. L, 7th Infantry. WG
October, 1918, Verdun.
Zapf, Nelson J.— Pvt., Co. A, 305th Infantry.
HAMBURG
Gold Star Men
Barber. Clifford A. — Pvt.. Co. H. 4th Infantry. DD February 3, 1918, Newport News. Va.
Clifton, Harrb— Pvt., Co. K, 306th Infantry. KA Octobers, 1918, France.
CoNWELL, George Bartlett.
Davidson, W. Harry— Pvt., Co. L, 348th Infantry. DW.
FooTE, Nathan W. — Capt., Training School Ship. D December 23, 1918, on board ship.
Gannon. Howard J. — 2d-class Seaman, U. S. Navy, Air Service. DW November 26. 1918. France.
Groth, William C. — KA, France.
Hodge, Howard J.— Pvt., Co. I, 108th Infantry. DW October 27. 1918, France.
LaPorte. Frank— DD October 6, 1918, Maryland.
Maguet, Glen C. — Chief Engineer, U. S. S. "Cyclops." D at sea.
McDevitt, Earl — KA.
O'Hern, George — Corp., 7th Machine Gun BattaHon. KA October 26, 1918, France.
O'Neil, Chester — Apprentice Seaman, Great Lakes. DD.
Salisbury, Edgar N.— Sgt., 331st Infantry. DD April 6, 1919, Camp Dix.
SCHAUS. Martin J.— Pvt., Co. E, 328th Infantry. DW October 19, 1918, France.
Shero. Herbert E. — Pvt., Co. C, 2d Engineers. KA July 21. 1918, France.
Stokes. Alfred H., Jr.— Sgt., Co. L, 309th Infantry. KA October 16. 1918, St. Mihiel.
Wannenwetsch, Edward — Pvt., Battery F, 176th Field Artillery. DD January 29, 1918, Camp Shelby.
Wolf, Lawrence — Sgt., Co. L, 309th Infantry. KA October 16. 1918, Argonne.
Abel, Harold J.
Abbott, Burwell Mc-
Defense.
-Pvt., Narragansett Bay, Coast
Abbott, Charles E.-
Adams, Alfred E.
Adams, Henry F.—
-Seaman. U. S. S. "Mallarv.
Corp., Headquarters Co., 108th Inf.
Erie County's Service Roster
707
HAMBURG— Con.
Ahrens, Christian, Jr. — Pvt., Co. E, 1st Army Replace-
ment Depot.
Ahrens, Joseph C. — 312th Regiment, Supply Train.
Albrecht, John A. — Fireman, U. S. S. "Iowa."
Albrecht, Charles — Pvt., Provost Guards.
Alden, Lucas— 2d Lieut., Co. K, 309th Infantry.
Alff, Eugene— U. S. S. "Meade."
Altes, George A.— Sgt., 326th Butchery Co., Quarter-
masters Corps.
Altman, Charles.
Ammet, Elmer C.
Apel, Emil M.— Pvt., Co. D, 346th Infantry.
Arhart, Mortimer E. — Corp., 1st Motor Mechanics.
Ashdome, Harry R. — 2d Lieut., Co. A, 3d A. A. Ma-
chine Gun Battalion.
Atkins, Harry K. — Central Officers' Training School.
Babcock, Keith— Pvt., Co. A, 210th Engineers.
Bagley. Walter K.
Baker, Adam P.
Baker, Almon D.— Pvt., 336th Field Artillery.
Baker, Harrison V. — 1st Lieut., Forestry Engineers.
Baker, James D.— Pvt., Co. I, 108th Infantry. WG
September 29, 1918.
Baker, Timothy H.— Pvt., 108th Co., U. S. M. C.
Baker, William Q. — Pvt., Quartermasters Corps.
Ballard, Valentine — Cook, Co. A, 308th Machine Gun
Battalion.
Baltzer, Howard A. — Pvt., 6th Battery, Field Artillery.
Barrett, William S.- Pvt., Headquarters Co.. 108th Inf.
Barrett, William E.
Bauer, Robert C. — Pvt., Aberdeen Proving Grounds.
Bazley, Walter — Cook, Naval Reserve.
Becker, Chester C— Sgt., Co. L, 309th Infantry. WA
October 16, 1918, France.
Bell, Isam, Jr.
Bell, Warren.
Benner, Frederick — Co. A, 3d Ammunition Train.
Bennett, Robert G.— Corp., Battery A, 304th F. A.
Bennian, Walter A. — Pvt., 19th Div. Trans. Corps.
Bensley, Maynard G. — Capt., 4th Ambulance Co.
Blair, Eugene.
Blanchard, Glenn A. — Ist-class Pvt., 115th Sanitary T.
Bley, Conde P. — Pvt., Aero Squadron.
Boehle, Albert H. — 1st Sgt., Machine Gun School.
Bonner, Ralph J. — Pvt., 327th Aero Squadron.
Bonnet, Henry O. — Ist-class Yeoman, Naval Reserve.
Bordonaro, Lucain E. — Wireless Operator, U. S. S.
"Tallahassee."
Borota, Nick— Pvt., Co I, 108th Infantry. WA Sep-
tember 29, 1918, France.
Boseck, Clarence.
Bourne, Newton W.— Pvt., S. N. T. C.
Bauer, Edward — Pvt., Headquarters Co., 311th Inf.
Bower, George C. — Pvt., Students' Army Train'g Corps.
Bowers, Walter W.— Pvt., 309th Infantry.
Braun, Frank — Corp., Machine Gun Co., 309th Infan-
try. WA November 4, 1918.
Braun, Joseph — Pvt., 309th Infantry.
Braymiller, Floyd— Pvt., Co. L, 7th Infantry.
Braymiller, Henry.
Brennan, Thomas J. — Trumpeter, 6th Regiment Ma-
rines. WA July 19, 1918, France.
Brezee, Ernest C. — Boatswain, Merchant Marine.
Brezee, William L. — Pvt., 67th Battalion Engineers.
Bridgman, Robert R.— Pvt., S. A. T. C.
Briggs, Fred — Wagoner, Machine Gun School.
Brown, Joseph.
Brudo, Henry F.— Pvt., Co. D, 346th Infantry.
Buggenhagen, Raymond W.
Burgwardt, Milford R. — Corp., 14th Ordnance Guard.
Burley, Robert.
Burns, Robert O.— Pvt., 10th Recruit Co.
Burns, Robert C.
Burns, Timothy F.— Pvt., Headq'rs Co., 334th F. A.
Call, Samuel W.— Pvt., 100th Co., 24th Battalion.
Carlson, Oscar B. — 3d-class Radio, Sub-chaser 187.
Case, Carl M. — Landsman, for Carpenter's Mate,
Naval Air Service.
Chase, Arthur C. — Corp., Co. M, 331st Infantry.
Cheney, Warren D. — Mach. Mate, Torpedo Boat 15.
Chubbuck, Gertrude R. — Nurse, Camp Jackson, S. C.
Churchill, Homer— Ist-class Pvt., Co. A, 334th Bat-
talion Tank Corps.
Claypool, Harry W.— Pvt., Battery F, 73d Coast Artil-
lery Corps.
Clendenning, Joseph F.— Pvt., Co. K, 306th Infantry.
Cline, Harry H.— Secy., Y. M. C. A.
Cline, Leroy W. — Seaman, Hampton Roads, Va.
Colley, Grant A.— Pvt., U. S. M. C.
Conwell, George B.
Cook, Roger — Sgt., 154th Machine Gun Co.
Cox, Arthur W.— Sgt., 331st Battalion Tank Corps.
Craig, Bentley L.— Pvt., 304th BattaHon Tank Corps.
Crooker, Howard O.
Crooks, Hunter L. — 1st Sgt., Co. I, 55th Pioneer Inf.
Cruikshank, Walter — Pvt., Battery A, 71st Coast Artil-
lery Corps.
Cundall, Lincoln.
Cunningham, George E. — Sgt., Co. E, 328th Infantry.
Dalferth, Frederick C— Pvt., 99th Division.
Danheiser, Leo W. — Pvt., Co. B, 59th Pioneer Infantry.
Davenport, Ernst.
Davis, George H. — Pvt., U. S. S. "Santa Anna."
Davis, Sugar.
Davidson, Harry E.— Pvt., Co. I, 108th Infantry.
Dawson, Wilburt H.— Pvt., Co. L, 348th Infantry.
Dean, Jesse H. — Pvt., Headquarters Co., 311th Inf.
Demmerly, Sylvester J. — Pvt., Co. D, 99th Division.
Dole, Joseph L.
Dominski, John L.— Pvt., 304th Field Artillery.
Dondgjewski, Stanley — Pvt., 6th Regiment, U. S. M. C.
WA, France.
Dorst, Walter M.— Wagoner, Supply Co., 304th F. A.
Dougherty, Martin— Pvt., Co. B, 328th Infantry.
Downs, F. W.
Duchmann, Clarence P. — Corp., Co. E, 317th Infantry.
Duggan, Daniel— Pvt., Co. B, 327th Infantry.
Dunham, James G.— Pvt., Battery A, 304th F. A.
Dyer, Horton J. — Pvt.
Eastman, Wallace L. — 1st Lieut., Dental Reserve.
708
Erie County's Service Roster
HAMBURG— Con.
Ebert, John H.— Corp., Co. D, .346th Infantry.
Edwards, Brindley.
Ehrmann. Clarence W.— Pvt., Co. K, 306th Infantry.
EKas, Slyman.
Endress, Raymond E. — 1st Sgt., Headquarters Co.,
309th Infantry.
Eno, Robert D. — Pvt., Students' Army Training Corps,
(University of M.)
Eschelman, Alvie.
Fallman, Earl.
Fear, Franlv J.
Fierle, Charles O.— Sgt., Co. I, Devep. Battalion.
Fierle, Joseph — Pvt.
Fisher, Albert— Bugler, Co. G, U. S. Guards, 27th Bn.
Fleischmann, Edwin — 2d Lieut., Coast Artillery Corps,
Ft. Monroe, Va.
Fleming, Ernest K. — Pvt., Co. A, 11th Regiment,
U. S. M.C.
Foit, Lawrence J. — Pvt., Co. F, 46th Infantry.
Foose, Edward W.— Pvt., Battery A, 304th F. A.
Foote, Arthur H.— Pvt., 335th Field Artillery.
Fox, Raphael G.— Sgt., Headquarters Co., 309th In-
fantry. WG October 4, 1918, France.
Frisbee, George L. — Wagoner, 4th Corps Motor Truck.
Frost, Fred.
Fuchs, Frederick S.— Sgt., Co. G, 306th Infantry.
Fuller, Robert L. — Pvt., Gas Defense Service.
Funke, William C— Pvt., 21st Field Artillery.
Gallineau, Harry W. — Pvt., Marine Detach.
Gallineau, Percy — 2d-class Seaman, LT. S. S. "Guat-
tanomo. WA November 5, 1918.
Gamble, William B.— Pvt., 118th P. W. E.
Gannon, Howard J. — 2d-class Seaman, Air Service.
Gannon, Roy.
Gannon, Raymond W. — Sgt., Co. I, 57th Engineers.
Gates, Clarence L. — Pvt.
Gates, Maurice M. — Ist-class Patternmaker, U. S. S.
"Buffalo."
George, Clarence M. — Pvt., Co. N.
Giger, Floyd F.— Pvt., Co. E, 346th Infantry.
Goodrich, Theodore — Pvt.
Goodyear, J. Leo— Sgt., Co. B, S. A. T. C.
Graden, Owen.
Greenwood, Ralph G.— Pvt., Co. B, 327th Infantry.
WG, France.
Greer, Charles J.— Pvt., Co. B, S. A. T. C.
Griffin, Carl L.— Oiler, U. S. S. "Brown."
Griffith, Florence — Nurse.
Grinder, Raymond J.— Pvt., Co. L, 309th Infantry.
Haas, Esmond E. — Pvt., Headquarters Co.
Haas, Joseph E.
Hagelin, Howard A.— Pvt., Co. B, 108th Infantry.
Hahn, Raymond A.— Sgt., Co. I, 326th Infantry. WG
August, 1918, France.
Hallbauer, Walter C— Ist-class Pvt., Battery A, 304th
Field Artillery.
Hall, Irving J.— Pvt.
Hamman, Herman — Pvt., 347th Infantry.
Hancock, Alfred G. — Ist-class Pvt., Central Officers'
Training School.
Hannon, Frederick W.— 1st Lieut., Co. A, 85th M. P.
Hanselman, Walter L. — Pvt., Headquarters Co., 312th
Infantry.
Hass, Esmond E.
Hauck, Fred— Corp., Co. L, 311th Infantry.
Hay, Oscar T.— Petty Officer, U. S. S. "Accoma."
Heath, William R. — Pvt., Students' Army Training
Camp.
Heath, Charles R.— U. S. S. "Brant."
Heath, Elton R.— Pvt., Co. E, 108th Infanrty. WA
September 29, 1918, France.
Held, Edwin J.— Chief Machinist's Mate, U. S. S.
"Granite State."
Held, George W.— Sgt., Co. H, 306th Infantry.
Hengerer, Robert W.— Pvt., 320th Tank Corps.
Hennesy, John— Sgt., Co. L, 61st Infantry. WA
October 22, 1918, France.
Hessebeck, Raymond — Canadian Officers' Training
Camp.
Hesslink, Louis M. — Radio Operator, U. S. S. "Okla-
homa."
Heickman, Otto R. — Corp., Co. M, 78th Infantry.
Hickman, Otto.
Hintz, Charles C— Sgt., Co. D, 303d Engineers.
Hitzel, Albert— Pvt., 152d Depot Brigade.
Hitzelburger, Hubert — Cooks' and Bakers' School.
Hogan, John A. — Pvt., Co. D, 63d Pioneer Infantry.
Hogan, Jonoahan.
Holcomb, Eugene C.
Holliday, Clarence — Pvt., Ordnance Repair Shop 5.
Hooper, Benjamin D. — Pvt., Headquarters Co., 77th
Division.
Hooper, Henry.
Horn, Russell F. — Corp., Headquarters Co., Machine
Gun School.
Horton, Albert P.
Hummel, Raymond E. — Pvt., Sheffield Detachment.
Hunt, Albert F. — Pvt., Ammunition Train.
Hunt, Everett — Capt., Air Service.
Hunt, Norris — 1st Lieut., Co. M, 364th Infantry.
Hutton, Charles M. — Ist-class Pvt., Aircraft Produc-
tion.
Ingersoll, Hayes — Ist-class Sgt., Sanitary Squad 44.
Jackman, Jay.
Jacobson, Herbert A. — Oiler, V. S. S. "Apache."
Jenney, Charles L. — Seaman, U. S. S. " Florida." In-
jured August, 1917.
Johengen, Martin F. — Corp., Co. C, 115th Supply Train.
Jones, Roy S. — Pvt., Headquarters Co.
Johnson, Alexander.
Johnson, Charles.
Juergens, Hubert — Pvt., 152d Depot Brigade.
.Juergens, Walter — Pvt., Headquarters Co., 311th In-
fantry. WG October, 1918.
Kaminski, Leo.
Kane, Hiram C.
Kearney, James.
Keller, Charles J.— Pvt., Co. A, 61st Infantry.
Kendall, Davenport — Corp., 102d Trench Mortar
Battery.
Erie County's Service Roster
709
HAMBURG— Con.
Kendall, Frederick — 1st Lieut., 14tli Cavalry.
Kerr, Samuel B.— Pvt., Headquarters Co., 106th F. A.
Kester, Stuart B. — Pvt.. Quartermaster Corps.
Kideney, Allison L.— Pvt., Co. B, 314th Field Artillery.
Kideney, Robert B.— Pvt., Headquarters Co., 108th
Infantry. W.
Kinn, John H. — Corp.
Kirbis, Earl — Sailor, Navy.
Klein, Curtis W. — U. S. Marine Corps.
Klispie, Albert N. — Pvt., 462d Aero Squadron.
Klispie, Edwin C. — Sgt., Motor Transport Corps.
Knaak, Clarence A.— Sgt., Co. A, 304th Field Artillery.
Knaak, Raymond H. — Pvt., 299th Aerial Squadron.
Knapp, Raymond G. — Pvt., Aerial Gunnery School.
Knapp, Willis E.— C. M. G. Officers' Training School.
Koester, Charles L.— Pvt., Co. E, 108th Infantry. WA
September 17, 1918, France.
Koester, Louis — U. S. S. "Rhode Island."
Kohnen. Edward — U. S. Coast Survey.
Kohnen. Franklin— Pvt., Battery A, 304th Field Art'y-
Kronenberg, William — Ist-class Pvt., 16th Battalion,
U. S. Guards.
Kuenn, Clarence E.— Corp., S. A. T. C.
Kuenn, Frank B. — Pvt., Quartermaster Corps.
Kurtzman, William J. — Seaman, U. S. S. "Nebraska."
Kyles, John S.
Lamy, Henry R. — U. S. S. "Newport."
Lamy, Howard J. — Pvt., Co. K, 323d Infantry.
Landsittel, George.
La Porte, Frank A.
Lepir, Samuel G.— Corp., Co. L, 108th Infantry. WA
September 29, 1918, France.
Lempke, J. K.
Lerczak, John.
Lerczak, Vincent.
Lisko, Michael.
Lisco, Nicholas.
Loader, Stanley J. — Pvt., Canadian Expeditionary
Force, 20th Battalion. WA May 12, 1917, France.
Lockwood, Norris W. — Sgt., 346th Machine Gun Bat-
talion.
Lord, Alvah L. — Naval Reserve.
Lorenz, Herman W. — Seaman, Navy.
Lorenz, Wilbert E. — Pvt., U. S. Marine Corps.
Lowe, Harold T.— Capt., 46th Infantry. WA April
12, 1918, France.
Lucas, Alden.
Ludlow, Ralph— Pvt., Co. A, 304th Field Artillery.
Lutomski, Frank J..
Machmer, Clayton C. — Pvt., 1st M. M. Regiment.
Mack, Wm. H.— Pvt., Battery F, 320th Field Artillery.
Macken, Frank J. — Pvt., 11th First Army Replacement
Depot.
Mackenzie. George B. — Sgt., Co. L, 5th Ohio.
MacKenzie, John — Corp., 5th Regiment, U. S. Marine
Corps.
MacMillan, John R.— 1st Lieut., Co. A, 304th Tank
Corps.
McAllester, Frank R. — Corp., Headquarters Co., 25th
Field Artillery.
McBride, James.
McDevitt, Earl H.
McGarry, Neil.
McGee, Earl A. — 2d-class Machinist's Mate, Naval
Reserve.
McGee, Glenn — Electrician, 403d Field Signal Battalion.
McGuire, George H.— Pvt., Casual Co. 60.
McKallup, Robert— Ist-class Pvt., Co. A, 346th Inf.
Macken, F. J.— Pvt., 11th Field Artillery. Injured
November, 1918.
Magnet, Glen E.
Magnussen, Eric.
Mahlberg, Jos. M.
Manous, Steve.
Mapel, Edwin L. — Pvt., Co. D, Ordnance.
Mardt, Arthur F. — Seaman, U. S. Guards.
Marshall, Thomas S.— Pvt., Battery D, 304th F. A.
Martovich, Steven.
Mason, Everett H.— Pvt., Co. F, 87th Infantry.
Mauser, Anthony — Ist-class Pvt., Co. C, Ordnance.
May, Joseph J.
Maybach, Roy G. — Pvt., Motor Transport Corps.
Maher, Bernard S. — Gunner, 5th Canadian Siege Ar-
tillery. WG May 27, 1918, France.
Maher, James H., Jr. — Driver, 48th Howitzer Artillery.
WG January, 1917, Ypres.
Mapel, Edwin L. — Pvt., Co. D, Ordnance Department.
May, Joseph J.— Pvt., Co. M, 319th Infantry. WG
September 17, 1918, France.
Merz, Carl — Corp., 51st Pioneer Infantry.
Meyer, Addis F.— Corp., Co. M, 311th Infantry. WA
November 3, 1918, France.
Meyers, James Blaine.
Meyers, James B.— Pvt., Co. A, 346th Battalion, Tank
Corps.
Mignerey, Arthur A. — Medical Detachment, 302d Sup-
ply Train.
Milholland, Richard G.— U. S. S. "Florida."
Milholland, William.
Miller, Fillmore — Mechanic, Co. C, 12th Battalion.
Miller, Fred H.— Seaman, U. S. S. "Vernon."
Miller, John J.— Pvt., Co. D, 58th Infantry.
Minderler, Emil — Pvt., Machine Gun Co., 311th Inf.
Minkel, Amos J. — 1st Lieut., Base Hospital 98.
Minkel, Eugene— Sgt., Co. C, 308th Machine Gun Bat-
talion. WG October, 1918, France.
Mitchell. Raymond W.— Capt., Co. B, 37th Engineers.
Moesch, demons A. — Seaman, U. S. S. "Lake Harris."
Mohr, Gordon — Corp., 152d Depot Brigade.
Momberger, Edwin W.— Sgt., 309th Infantry. WA
November 1, 1918, France.
Momberger, Florence — 2d-class Yeoman, Navy.
Moore, Howard A.— Pvt., Co. L, 311th Infantry. WA
October 25, 1918, France.
Movix, Herbert — Pvt.
Mulqueen, George F.
Mumbach, Raymond E.— Pvt., Co. F, 346th Infantry.
Murphy, Frank L. — Corp., Medical Supply Depot.
Naber, Edward J.— Pvt., Co. E, 106th Machine Gun
Battalion. W A September 29, 1918, France.
710
Erie County's Service Roster
HAMBURG— Con.
Nesselbusch, Clarence — Pvt., Co. A, 162d Infantry.
Neal. Rast -J.— Pvt., Co. A, 108th Infantry.
Nelson, Christian D.
Newkirk, Earl— Pvt., Co. L, 309th Infantry.
Newton, Melville C— Pvt., S. A. T. C.
Newton, Charles M.
Nicholson, Henry— Corp., Battery B, 3.36th F. A.
Norvich, Herbert W.— Pvt., Co. L, 108th Infantry.
Oaks, Frank— Wagoner, Co. L, 108th Infantry.
O'Connor, John J. — Pvt., Headquarters Co., 363d In-
fantry. WA October 6, 1918, France.
O'Connor, William F.— Pvt., Co. L, 311th Infantry.
Odell, Harold F.— Corp., 48th Co., 153d Depot Brigade.
O'Haro, John.
Olsen, Vernon C.
Orts, Howard H.— Pvt., U. S. M. C.
Orts, Nelson J.— Pvt., U. S. Guards.
Owen, Grayden — Corp., 164th Infantry.
Page, Luches J. — Seaman, Great Lakes.
Palmer, Oliver C. — Sgt.-Major, Headquarters Co.
Palmer, Samuel G. — Corp., 311th Infantry.
Paul, Elmer M.— Pvt., 314th Field Remount.
Pauly, George M. — 2d Lieut., 4th Engineers.
Peters, Henry D. — Great Lakes.
Peters, George — Pvt., Supply Co., 309th Infantry.
Petrie, Albert J.— Pvt., 333d Supply Co.
Planner, Marvin.
Pflug, Clarence W. — Pvt., Students' Army Train. Corps.
Pflug, Edward J.— Pvt.
Pfohl, Joseph, Jr.
Phayre, Robert — Pvt.
Phillips, Arthur F.— Pvt., Battery B, 135th F. A.
Phillips, Frank— Pvt., Co. L, 311th Infantry. WA
October, 1918, France.
Piatt, George A. — 2d Lieut., 3d Division.
Cited for bravery at the Marne, July, 1918.
Platzer, Joseph, Jr. — Corp., 153d Depot Brigade.
Pound, Clarence P. — Sgt., 326th Butchery.
Prado, Jose.
Purcell, Walter L. — Sgt., Headquarters Co., 55th Pion-
eer Infantry.
Quinn, John A.— Pvt., Co. I, 108th Infantry. WA Sep-
tember 29, 1918, France.
Quinn, Thomas — Pvt., 153d Depot Brigade.
Quinn, William — Corp., Co. A, 307th Engineers.
Rea, George P. -Captain, Co. B, 308th Machine Gun
Battalion. WG October, 1918, France.
Reid, Vernard — Pvt., Co. G, 303d Ammunition Train.
Reuther, Howard J. — Sgt., 42d Aero Squadron.
Riccio, Tom— Pvt., Co. C, 345th Regiment.
Richards, Fred P. — Pvt., Camp Dix.
Richardson, Roy W. — Pvt.
Rimer, Arthur W.— Sgt., 89th Co., Transport Corps.
Risher, James R. — Pvt., 171st Aero Squadron.
Robbing, Etta E. — Nurse, Red Cross.
Robinson, George F. — Pvt.
Romler, Morris J.— Pvt., 309th Field Artillery.
Rose, John S.— Pvt., U. S. M. C.
Roth, Arthur H.— Pvt., Co. A, 153d Depot Brigade.
Rosenhahn, John M. — Pvt., Co. B, Military Police.
Roth, Arthur— Pvt., Co. A, 153d Depot Brigade.
Rucker, Clarence— Corp., 304th Field Artillery. WA
September 14, 1918, France.
Russow, Fred C.
Salisbury, Victor B.— Lieut., Mach. Gun Co., 325th Inf.
Salisbury, William.
Sanderson, Elry.
Sauer, Frank — Pvt., 8th Rd. Squadron.
Sauer, Harry C— Ist-class Pvt., Co. C, 326th F. S. Bn.
Saunders, Ellsworth C. — Ist-class Fireman, U. S. S.
" Minnesota."
Saunders, Lawrence M. — Student, Camp Humphrey,
Officers' Training School.
Saunders, Leonard M. — Pvt., November Automatic
Replacement Draft, Tank Corps.
Saunders, Lewis J. — Sgt., 11th Regiment, U. S. M. C.
Schaus, Martin.
SchefHer, Walter C.
Schiedel, Edward J.— Pvt., 305th Infantry.
Schmidt, Michael — Pvt., 303d Ammunition Train.
Schmitt, Frank M.— Fireman, U. S. S. "Meade."
Schnautz, John W. — Wagoner, Supply Co., 304th
Field Artillery.
SchoepHin, Paul H.— Corp., Co. L, 309th Infantry.
Schoepperle, Richard J.
Scholes, Anthony— Pvt., Co. F, 302d Supply Train.
Schroeder, George W.— Pvt., 290th Military Police.
Schultz, Frank.
Schumacher, Leo C. — 2d-class Seaman, Pelham Bay.
Schumaker, Leon R. — Ist-class Carpenter's Mate,
Naval Aviation.
Schupback, Reuben H. — Pvt., 152d Depot Brigade.
Schuster, Steven — Pvt., Navy.
Schutts, Milton W. — Pvt., Marine Detachment.
Schwartz, Emil E.— Pvt., 153d Depot Brigade.
Schwartz, Sam — Pvt.
Schwartzott, Simon H.— Pvt., Co. T, Ordnance Dept.
Schweikert, Alfred— Corp., 310th Unit Motor Supply T.
Schweikert, Carl J.— Sgt., Co. M, 311th Infantry.
Sears, Walter — Pvt.
Seeger, Carl J. — Chief Carpenter, Navy.
Shaffer, Omar G.— Ist-class Pvt., Co. B, 50th Pioneers.
Shepard, Anna— Y. M. C. A.
Shepard, Henry W. — Sgt., 447th Reserve Labor Batt'n.
Shero. Herbert E.
Shoemaker, William A. — Corp., Motor Transport 684.
Smith, Clarence L.— Ist-class Pvt., Battery B, 106th
Field Artillery.
Smith, Frank M., Jr.— Machinist, U. S. S. "Meade."
Smith, Kenneth A. — 1st Lieut., 341st Labor Battalion,
Motor Corps.
Smith, Russell R.— Sgt., 311th Ambulance Co.
Snyder, Edgar L. — Corp., 302d Engineers.
Snyder, Henry.
Sprague, Irving P. — Corp., Co. M, 2d Replacements.
Stadler, Charles W.— Pvt., Co. E, 302d Supply Train.
Stanes, Thomas R. — Corp., Co. M, 7th Infantry.
Stang, Charles H.— Corp., 470th Motor Truck.
Stang, Frank, Jr.
Starkweather, W. D.— Pvt., 334th Batt'n, Tank Corps.
Erie County's Service Roster
711
HAMBURG — Con.
Steele, Thomas — Seaman, U. S. S. "Zaraga."
Stenzel, Howard H.— Sgt., Co. D, 112th Engineers.
Stoeber, Carl.
Stoeber, Harold C. — Assistant Chief Watertender,
U. S. S. "Kansas."
Stokes, Alfred.
Stuart, Clinton C.~Corp., Battery D, 304th F. A.
Stuart, Guy E.
Stulick, Chas. G.— Cook, Battery D, 106th F. A.
Sullivan, James.
Sullivan, Vincent A. — 14th Pro. Ordnance Co.
Sutter, Howard C— Pvt., Headquarters Co., 605th
Engineers. Injured December 7, 1918, France.
Talamo, George S.
Taylor, Elmer I.— Pvt., Co. D, 302d Supply Train.
Taylor, Thomas H.— 1st Sgt., Co. D, 303d Engineers.
Taylor, William J. — Sapper, Canadian Engineers.
Tesch, Willard H.— Ship Fitter, U. S. S. "Arizona."
Thompson, Clark B.— Pvt., Bat. B, 71st Reg. C. A. C.
Thompson, .John G.— Pvt., Battery D, 304th F. A.
Thum, Raymond — Sgt.
Tillema, Myron E. — 2d-class Carpenter's Mate, U. S.
Seaplane School.
Titus, Tracy — Pvt., 11th Marines.
Tobin, Jerry — U. S. S. "Connecticut."
Trouvel, Emil W.
Trutt, Charles 0.— Sgt., Coast Defense of Balboa.
Tucker, George C. — Ist-class Seaman, U. S. S. "Laub."
Tucker, Wilbert A.— Pvt.
Turtle, David J.
Ueblacker, Clarence.
Ueblacker, Joseph — Pvt., 153d Depot Brigade.
Ueblacker, Norman L. — Fireman, Navy.
Van Brocklin, Gilbert R.— Seaman, U. S. S. "Minne-
sota."
Van Duzee, Benjamin F. — 1st Lieut., Medical Corps.
Van Duzee, Edward H.
Von Selling, Adolph M. — Pvt., Headquarters Co.
Wagner, Charles J.
Walsh, James F.— Pvt.
Wanamaker, Louis A.— Pvt., Co. L, 309th Infantry. W.
Wannenwetch, Edward— Pvt., Battery F, 176th F. A.
Wannenwetsch, Theodore — Corp., 23d Base Hospital.
Warnick, Carl J.— Corp., Co. H, 311th Infantry.
Warren, Frank.
Washburn, Jack.
Weaver, Fred L.— U. S. M. C.
Weber, Aloysius W.— Pvt., Co. M, 311th Infantry.
Welch, Rupert W. — Yeoman, U. S. S. " Minneapolis."
Injured January 3, 1918.
Wesp, Milford E. — Corp., Co. I, 3d Engineers.
White, Grant— Pvt., 304th Field Artillery.
Williams, George M. — 2d-class Machinist's Mate, U. D.
Training Station.
Williams, Norman E. — Corp., Motor Trans. Corps 357.
Williams, Robert F. — Corp., Co. B, Engineers. WA
September 11, 1918, France.
Williamson, Frank.
Williamson, Wm. E.
Wipperman, Howard G. — Sailor, Chelsea Hospital.
Wipperman, Louis W. — Corp., Tank Service 383.
Wittmeyer, Leon J.
Wojtkawicik, Steve J.— Pvt., U. S. M. C.
Woodruff, Kimble.
Wright, John C. — Lieut., Remount Depot 8.
Wyman, Hubert — Pvt., Canadian Engineers.
York, Rowan M.
Y'oung, Alfred A. — 2d Lieut., 62d Infantry.
Young, Carl C— Pvt., Co. E, 19th Regiment.
Zagmester, Joseph.
Zinns, Sylvester M. — Pharmacist's Mate, U. S. S.
"Ryndam."
Zittel, Edward J.— Pvt., Battery D, 304th Field Artil-
lery. W August 10, 1918.
LACKAWANNA
Gold Star Men
Brennan, Patrick— Seaman, Great Lakes Station. DD July, 1918, Great Lakes, 111.
Cadden, Patrick — KA, France.
CoNSTANZi, Angelo — KA, France.
Gantozia, Marcus— KA October, 1918, France.
GiLBRiDE, Patrick — KA, France.
HoHLER, George H.— Pvt., Co. M, 307th Infantry. KA September 16, 1918, France.
Kirby, .Tames J. — Uth Engineers. D February, 1919, France.
KcsYEK, WiNCENTY — Co. D, 306th Infantry. KA, France.
Krone, Joseph — Pvt., AK June, 1918, in Camp.
Mattone, Dominico — D Lackawanna.
Ostrich, Andrew — D.
Sigafoos, Floyd W.— Pvt., Co. H, 307th Infantry. DW January, 1919, France.
Taxes, Arthur— Corp., Co. M, 108th Infantry. KA October, 1918, France.
ZoGUAic, Pete — KA, France.
Adante, Seconde.
Albrecht, Charles J.— Pvt., Co. C, Provost Guard.
Albrecht, John A. — Fireman, U. S. S. "Iowa."
All, Hamid.
Allen, Chas. J.
Angello, Luigi.
712
Erie County's Service Roster
LACKAWANNA— Con.
Arbutino, Bosko.
Arteut, Edward T.
Austin, Clarence.
Austin, Lawrence.
Avery, George R.
Avery, John T.
Avery, Robert.
Bale, Paros.
Baker, John.
Baker, Leo— Pvt., Battery A, 342d Field Artillery.
Baker, Reginald B.— Pvt., Co. G, 19th Regiment.
Balon, Walter.
Bania, John.
Banks, Francis J.
Barclay, Merle F. — Pvt., Co. C, 12th Engineers.
Bardzik, Peter.
Baker, George.
Baker, Reginald B.— Co. G, 19th Regiment, Tank
Corps.
Barker, George.
Barker, John.
Barker, Louis S.
Barmos, George.
Barrett, William.
Battin, Joseph — Co. A, 308th Infantry.
Benia, John— Pvt., Co. L, 306th Infantry.
Berger, Leo — Pvt., Battery A, 342d Field Artillery.
Benson, Edward — Pvt., Co. K, 1st Regiment.
Benson, Thomas W.
Benson, Walter.
Berger, Leo— Battery A, 342d Field Artillery.
Bitonic, Frank.
Black, John A., Jr. — Signalman, U. S. S. "Manchuria."
Blair, Eugene E. — Medical Department.
Blassio, Paul.
Blazo, Nicho.
Bodnasz, John.
Boguhn, John W.
Boltes, Joseph.
Bonklsuto, Salvatore.
Booth, Tunkey.
Borawitz, Sreven.
Brach, Jacob.
Brady, Dennis A.— Pvt., Co. K, 309th Infantry.
Brady, Joseph— Pvt., Co. M, 311th Infantry.
Brainard, Edward.
Brajnovich, Nikola.
Branch, Arthur.
Brzesmisk, Frank.
Buagher, Ernest.
Burch, Andrew O.
Brunek, John— Pvt., Co. F, 328th Infantry.
Burns, Hubert A.— Pvt., Co. G, 59th Pioneers.
Busez, Joseph.
Butler, Francis.
Butler, James.
Butler, Patrick— Pvt., Co. F, 307th Infantry.
Butler, Timothy G. — Co. K, 1st Regiment, Casuals.
Byrne, Mark A. — Pvt., Co. B, General Headquarters,
Military Police Corps.
Byrne, Leo A.— Pvt., 6th Field Artillery. WA October,
1918, France.
Byrne, Herbert A. — Pvt., Co. G, 59th Pioneer Infantry.
Byrne, Gerald A. — Pvt., Troop A, 5th Cavalry.
Byrne, Leo A.
Byrne, Mark A.
Cadden, Patrick.
Caldwell, Clinton.
Caldwell, Jerome.
Calze, Salvatore.
Campbell, Alexander.
Canales, Eusquin.
Carey, James — Pvt., Co. M, 311th Infantry.
Cavanaugh, James P. — Pvt., Co. B, 312th Infantry.
Cavanaugh, Jos. L.— Co. F, 307th Infantry.
Cavanna, Anthony.
Cerone, Carlo.
Cicala, Joseph.
Ciesla, Joseph.
Colbraith,
Coleman, James H. — U. S. Navy.
Conastrari, Steve — Pvt., Base Hospital 13.
Conway, James L.
Cook, Hamilton— Capt. Co. K, 308th Inf. W August
18, 1918, Vesle River; October 16, 1918, Argonne.
Corbett, Frank— Pvt., Co. M, 311th Infantry.
Corko, Marko.
Corone, Carlo.
Cosgrove, Walter — Pvt., Machine Gun Co., 311th Inf.
Costanzi, Angelo.
Cox, Patrick.
Cuffles, Paul V.— Chief Mechanic, Battery E. 3d F. A.
Cyre, Delia V.
Daer, Francis.
Daley, Frank T.— Pvt., Co. I, 74th Regiment. Injured
May 13, 1917, Lackawanna, N. Y.
Daley, Joseph J. — Aviation.
Dallard, Elmer G.
Damstetter, Willie.
Daneluk, Wladek.
Danolinc, George.
Daor, Francis— Pvt., Co. B, 118th Field Artillery.
Davis, William T. — Assistant Engineer, U. S. S. " Mel-
ville." Injured on board ship.
Day, Ernest D.— Pvt., Co. M, 311th Infantry.
Demchuk, John.
Denter, Louis.
Diballa, Michael.
Diccenzo, Vincenzo.
Dinder, Louis.
DiPaula, Vincenzo.
Disanto, Fausto.
Donowick, Walter.
Drazdowski, Adam.
Duda, Lewis.
Dworak, Wicenty— Pvt., Co. L, 136th Infantry.
Dziedzina, John — Pvt., Co. G, 347th Infantry.
Dzonovich, Steve.
Ellis, Albert— U. S. S. "Indiana." Injured October 21,
1918, aboard ship.
Erie County's Service Roster
713
LACKAWANNA— Con.
Ermati, Silvertina — Pvt., Co. G, 346th Infantry.
Errington, Robert N. — Lieut., Co. A, 303d Ammuni-
tion Train.
Fadie, Rube.
Falcone, Nichola.
Foley, William.
Feeney, Wm. Leo— Pvt., Battery C, 81st F. A.
Felighera, Michael.
Fenton, Frank G.— Pvt., 11th Co., Depot Brigade.
Ferilli, Luigi.
Fernotti, Emanuel — Pvt., Co. A, 11th Infantry.
Filip, Adolph F.— Pvt., 66th Co., 153d Depot Brigade.
Filopowski, Wicenti.
Fitzgerald, Jas. F.— Sgt., Co. K, 309th Infantry. WA.
Flick, Stanley— Pvt., Co. A, 320th Infantry.
Flick, Wm.— Pvt., Co. B, 311th Infantry.
Flis, Andrew.
France, Frank — Pvt., Co. M, 7th Infantry.
Frisolone, Vito.
Gabrielli, Ottario.
Gakubowich, Mikolai— Pvt., 19th Co., 157th Depot
Brigade.
Garcia, Ed. ,
Garrell, John J.
Garry, John.
Garvey, Mike J.
Garvin, Thomas.
Gatette, Howard.
Ganghan, Peter.
Gelanno, Charles W.
Gentzler, Wm. J.
Gheandore, August.
Gilman, Frank.
Glover, Thomas.
Gooda, Nich.
Gorman, George — Pvt., Co. H, 161st Infantry.
Graham, Joseph.
Grawbeiga, Peter— Pvt., Co. F, 328th Infantry.
Greham, Joseph.
Grzybowski, Jos. — Pvt., Co. B, 502d Engineers.
Grzbowski, Stanley — Pvt., Co. A, 312th Engineers.
Gughan, Peter.
Gugik, Joseph.
Guglieno, Onaeto — Pvt., Co. K, 347th Infantry.
Gura, Joseph.
Guyette, Howard — Co. M, 311th Infantry.
Gzegozewski, James.
Haas, Joseph E.— Pvt., 12th Co., 153d Depot Brigade.
Harding, Patrick J.— Co. L, 307th Infantry.
Harig, Richard F. — 2d-class Electrician, Naval Base.
Hayer, Joseph— Pvt., Co. C, 329th Infantry.
Henel, Elmore F.— Corp., Battery E, 45th Coast Art'y.
Hanel, Howard P. — Pvt., 311th Ambulance Corps.
Hennigan, Wm. V.
Herr, Edwin R.— Pvt., Co. F, 347th Infantry.
Herr, Herbert C— Pvt., Co. L, 306th Infantry.
Hidek, John.
Hill, Harry— 369th Infantry.
Horn, Emmet Wm.— Ist-class Pvt., 309th Infantry.
Holler, Wilbery J.
Hudick, John.
Irving, Leo — Pvt., Co. C, 13th Engineers.
Ivanoff, Levatso.
Jacobs, Carl A. — Pvt.
Janczyk, Pete.
Janiszeski, Felip.
Jankwski, Alfonse.
Janzik, Peter.
Jones, Edward.
Jones, Simon.
Jones, Thomas J.
Joses, Philip.
Joyce, John J.
Kalejak, John.
Kane, Wm.
Kaprul, Valentine.
Kasprzak, Andrew — Pvt., Co. M, 311th Infantry.
Kastutura, Offic.
Kearney, James.
Kedreski, Roman.
Kee, Mark Ed.— 40th Balloon Co.
Keefe, Frank J.— Co. D, 57th Royal Fusiliers, Coast
Artillery.
Kelley, James R.
Kennedy, Thomas.
Kij. Anthony— Pvt., Co. M, 311th Infantry.
Kij, Mark.
Klimecki, Joe.
Klyic, Steve.
Klzoich, Jake.
Knight, George.
Koaczewocz, Paul.
Kolenki, Janko.
Konczewocz, Paul.
Kornkorg, Paul— Pvt., Co. F, 328th Infantry.
Korwieki, Stanley — Co. C, 18th Machine Gun Battal'n.
Kosak, Joseph — Polish Army.
Koserich, Peter.
Kosititit, John.
Kozak, John.
Kosyek, Wincenty.
Krajenicic, Bozo.
Kramer, George E. — Pvt., 20th Photo Sec.
Kriva, Ignatz.
Krone, Herman — Pvt., 304th Field Artillery.
Krone, Samuel— Pvt., Co. H, 346th Infantry.
Kruger, Leo F.
Kruk, Martin.
Krvin, Ignatz.
Kulsey, Edward.
Kutera, John.
Labriole, Pasquale.
Lalita, Peter.
Langner, Julius P.
Lavelle, Timothy, Jr.
Leary, O. C. J.
Lechuk, Thomas.
Leonard, John.
Leonard, Joseph.
Lewis, Edward— Co. I, 345th'lnfantry.
714
Erie County's Service Roster
LACKAWANNA— Con.
Liddell, Raymond.
Litwin. .John .J.
Lloyd, Fred.
Long, James.
Lykowski, Ignae.
Lysak, Ivan— Pvt., Co. F, 328th Infantry.
Macella, Augustus.
Mackinder, John.
Madden, William— Pvt., Co. I, 345th Infantry.
Maffrage, Catter— Pvt., Co. M, 346th Infantry.
Mahoney, Daniel J.
Maliga, Joseph — Pvt., Co. B, 118th Engineers.
Maloney, Joseph — Pvt., Co. I, 345th Infantry.
Manko, George.
Mann, Arthur.
Mangle, Charles.
Mariavich, Stanko.
Marin, Miguel J.
Marquetti, Anthony.
Marshall. Charles.
Martin, Chester W.
Masu, John.
Matikosh, Jovo.
Martin, Chester W.
Mattone, Dominico.
Matula, Frank— Co. I, 345th Infantry.
Matysicj, Walter.
Mawaczyk, Joseph.
McCaffney, John.
McCullor, Orris H. — Seaman, U. S. S. "Dubuque."
McCullough, Edgar W.
McDermott, Thomas.
McDonnah, Andrew.
McDonnell, Thomas.
McElroy, John C.
McEvoy, Roy — U. S. S. " Huntington."
McGarrell, Fred— Pvt., Sgt., Co. F, 307th Infantry.
McGavern, Joseph — 337th Battalion Tank Corps.
McGee, John.
McGinley, Thomas. WA.
McKeigney, Fred G. — Pvt., Co. F, 302d Engineers.
WA October 14, 1918, Argonne.
McGuire, Sabas — WA.
Medic, Frank.
Melewski, Stanley.
Merrick, Alphonse — Pvt., Co. M, 307th Infantry.
Michaels, Bernard — Co. G, 446th Infantry.
Mickovicz, Loni — Pvt., Co. D, 309th Infantry.
Mikalick, Frank— Co. K, 309th Infantry.
Mikovich, Joso— Co. F, 328th Infantry.
Milan, Ferris Z.— Pvt., Co. I, 346th Infantry.
Milishchuk. John.
Mitchell, Thomas.
Mizcinovich, Voce.
Mohammed, Alia.
Moll, Edward H.
Molowski, Stanley.
Moore, Arnold.
Morgan, Tony— Pvt., Co. M, 7th Infantry.
Mulhern, John J.
Munich, Nicholas — Pvt., 15th Co., 4th Division Batt'n.
Needham, Bernard.
Nesu, John.
NicholofT, Welch— Pvt., Battery E, 343d Field Artillery.
Nowak, Walter— Pvt., Co. G, 346th Infantry.
O'Brien, Francis.
Odkowski, John.
Oleszka, Wladislaw.
Olszufka, Joseph.
O'Mara, Richard A.
Ormsby, Robert J.— Pvt., 8th Co., 99th Division.
O'Rourke, Francis.
Owczarczyk, John.
Owens, Frank.
Owens, Henry.
Owozarczyk, John.
Pajak, Joseph.
Pandozzi, Silvio.
Pangewski, Stanley.
Panhartow, Fred— Pvt., Co. F, 307th Infantry.
Pappajoanon, Lonkas — Pvt., Co. I, 346th Infantry.
Pascurich, Peter.
Patwora, Stanley— Pvt., Co. I, 345th Infantry.
Pawlok, Louis.
Pawolak, Sam.
Pcamski, John.
Pekoff, Sande.
Penharlow, Fred.
Percich, Ivan.
Perewcawicz, Nick.
Philip, Adolf F.
Pickett, Thomas— Pvt., Co. M, 311th Infantry.
Pietricki, Luigi.
Pino, Anthony — Co. M, 7th Infantry.
Piore, Pietro.
Piwlowski, Stanley— Pvt., Co. M, 311th Infantry.
Plagljanic, Joe.
Plesca, Peter.
Poamski, John.
Polanski, Rudolph.
Polinski, Leo.
Prenett, Royal.
Prado, Joseph.
Prenett, Arthur X.
Prenzyna, Stanley.
Purcell, Michael H.— Pvt., Co. M, 311th Infantry.
Purcell, Patrick J.
Quinn, Frank.
Quinlan, John J.
Radisch, Peter.
Radmonovic, Milan.
Rak, Joe.
Ranich, Ely.
Raxlag, Jasper.
Redmonwich, Milon.
Reed, Henry A.— Pvt., Machine Gun Co., 309th Inf.
Regan, William J.— Pvt., 326th Machine Gun Battalion
Reipe, Raymond T. — Seaman, U. S. S. " Dale."
Renthes, John G., Jr.
Ristoff, Vasil.
Erie County's Service Roster
715
LACKAWANNA— Con.
Robinson, Ralph.
Roccao, -Janika.
Roche, Wm. L.— Pvt., Co. H, 21st Inf.
Rochwood, Wm.
Rodek, Steve.
Rudda, John F.
Rudek, Steve.
Rusko, John.
Russito, Giuseppi.
Ryan, John J.— Ist-class Blacksmith, U. S. N. R. F.
SaHe, Stojan.
Salonus, Charles.
Salonus. Edward. — U. S. Navy.
Salva, John.
Salva, Michael— Pvt., Co. I, 34.5th Infantry.
Sarlach, Mathew.
Satchwell, Wm.— Pvt., Battery C, 325th Field Artillery.
Seabowski. Wm. — Pvt., Co. M, 118th Engineers.
Schalowski, Samuel.
Schopp, John G.
Schreler, Stanley.
Schultz, Fred B.— Corp., Battery C, 335th F. A.
Schupback, Ruben H.— Pvt., Co. 45, 153d Depot Brig.
Schwartz, Emil E. — Pvt., 153d Depot Brigade.
Scott, Harry Alexander.
Scrobacz, Frank.
Scully, Basil — Co. A, 3d Engineers.
Selinski, Mike.
Seifke, Ferdinand J.
Serafin, Joseph — Co. H, 345th Infantry.
Serafin, Stanley — Great Lakes.
Serafin, Thadeus.
Shea, Daniel A.— Pvt., U. S. M. C.
Shea, Daniel.
Shea, Francis P.— Pvt., Co. E, 13th Regiment.
Shea, Francis R.
Shea, James J.
Shea, John J.— Corp., Co. H, 307th Infantry. WA
October 2, 1918, Argonne.
Shea, John.
Shea, William.
Sickaw, Adolph.
Sikowski, Boleslaw — Co. M, 311th Infantry.
Silveri. Domonici.
Sipos, Stephen.
Skaloski, Karol — Pvt., Headquarters Co., 312th Inf.
Skinbicz, Frank.
Skoniezka, Peter.
Skozyck, Wicenty.
Skroback. Joseph B.
Skrzynski, Stanislaw.
Skudnik, Pete -Pvt., 22d Co., .3d Battalion.
Skurzynski, George — Pvt., Co. I, 306th Infantry.
Slabian, Frank.
Sladz, Wicenty.
Slavinic, Elhi.
Slever, Walter.
Smelanish, Joseph.
Smilanic. George.
Smith, Kenneth Allan.
Smolarek, Felix— Pvt., Co. M, 124th Infantry.
Smolarek, Michael.
Sobljan, Slowko.
Solinski, Mike.
Spara, John.
Spara, Stanley.
Spicer, Ira J.
Stabp, Karl.
Stachowak, Michael— Pvt., Co. G, 308th Infantry.
Stankowski, E. — Deserter.
Stankowski, Edw. — U. S. S. "Agamemnon."
Stasciak, Walter.
Stavro, Nambe.
Stawsky, Edward.
Stawsky, William.
Stelmach, Michael.
Stesciak, Walter— Pvt., Co. M, 307th Infantry.
Steviak, Jan.
Stojanovich, Samuel.
Struebing, Allen.
Sumbrum, Bartley A.
Surytka, Joseph.
Sutherland, Axel A.
Sycanich, Joseph.
Szenina, George.
Syke, Stanley.
Szworojiel, Stanley.
Saeubucci, Giuseppe.
Tacubucci, Giuseppe — Pvt., Co. B, 65th Engineers.
Taholl, Nicholas.
Tarnowski, William — Pvt., Quartermaster Corps.
Taraga, Domet.
Tates, Arthur.
Taylor, Harold.
Terrose, Frank.
Thomas, David R.
Thompson, Nick.
Tojek, Thomas— Pvt., Co. A, 312th Engineers.
Tokaryzk, Christ.
Tomczak, Alexander — Pvt., Co. M, 311th Infantry.
Tomczak, Barney— Co. C, 307th Infantry.
Tomczak, Casmer.
Tomczak, Joseph.
Tomera. Dominic.
Traut, William E.— Pvt., Co. C, 18th Regiment. WA
July 18, 1918, Chateau Thierry.
Traut, William E.— 53d Pioneers.
Trecifl, Nicholas.
Troga, Domet.
Trycheff, Nicholas.
Tsiioll, Nicholas.
Tuko, Antoni.
Tunney, James V. — 103d Signal Battalion.
Turong, Walter — WA, France.
Tusquin, Canales.
Nglik, Tony.
Urbonjka, Carl.
Vada, Lewis.
Varmos, George.
Verielli, Biogro.
716
Erie County's Service Roster
LACKAWANNA— Con.
Vinchowski, Peter.
Vito, Poscuarella.
Volasorich, Wlasly — 82cl Battalion, Camp Dix.
Wagenbach, Geo. E.
Walsh, James— Pvt., Co. I, 345th Infantry.
Walsh, Leonard.
Wantuck, Joseph.
Walter, Charles.
Want, Peter.
Wantuck, Joseph.
Walter, Charles.
Wasatowicki, Joseph — Pvt., Co. H, 311th Infantry.
Welch, Leonard— Pvt., 306th Infantry. WA.
Wenz, Harvey.
Wenz, Raymond.
Wesatowicki, Joseph.
Wicker, Frank— Pvt., Co. F, 302d Engineers.
Wicker, Stanley— Pvt., Co. F, 302d Engineers.
Wilson, Frank— 346th Supply Co.
Wilson. William— Pvt., Co. M, 311th Infantry.
Wojik, Mike.
Woodward, Roy B.
Wunezek, Michael.
Young, Arthur A. — Pvt., Co. M, 311th Infantry.
Yrukovich, George.
Yurgic, Joseph.
Zaborowski, Alex.
Zak, Jacob.
Zak, John— Pvt., 302d Engineers.
Zaoadam, Ignatz.
Zarkvsk, George.
Zawadsky, John — Co. A, 14th Regiment, B. F.
Zecker, William.
Zelaska, Peter.
Zeschuk, Peter.
Zyke, Stanley.
O. D.
LANCASTER
Gold Star Men
Adolf, Orlo J. — Seaman, U. S. Navy. DD Great Lakes.
CziAK, John— KA June 26, 1918, France.
Garus, Stephen — Corp., Co. I, 305th Infantry. KA October 3, 1918, Argonne.
Howell, Charles— Sgt., DD March 23, 1918, Camp Lee.
Janecko, Michael — KA, France.
KiRKPATRiCK, Jas. W.— Sgt., Co. M, 309th Infantry. DW October 17, 1918, Grand Pre.
KozAK, Stanislaw — Pvt., U. S. Marine Corps. KA France.
Robinson, Harry G. — D.
Santa Maria, Samuel — D.
Strite, Raymond — Base Hospital 23. D October 9, 1918, France.
SzY'PERSKi, Edward — Pvt., Co. B, 306th Infantry. DW, France.
Wielkiewicz, F^ank — KA September 5, 1918, France.
Adams, Robert.
Adamski, Walter.
Adolf, Charles.
Adolf, Edward.
Ahlstrom, Charles G. — U. S. S. "Arizona."
Albrecht, Harry D.
Aldinger, Robert A.
Aldrich, Smith E.
Ambrosio, Angelo.
Anderjwski, Felix.
Anderson, George J.
Anderson, Oscar.
Andromidas, Elias J. — 153d Depot Brigade, Camp Dix.
Antonio, Telati.
Armbrust, Peter L.
Armstrong, Grover.
Ash, Edgar.
Atkins, Walter.
Babieraj, John.
Baccari, Alexandro.
Baccaro, Michael.
Bach, Joseph. A. — Engineer Corps.
Bach, Peter N.
Balcchino, Angelo.
Balduf, William.
Bangier, S. — 19th Engineers.
Bardol, Howard.
Bardol, Raymond D.— Pvt., S. A. T. C.
Baron, Frank.
Bartnick, John.
Basher, William J. — WA, France.
Bauer, Edward J.
Bauer, Joseph C.
Bauer, Harry.
Bauer, John.
Bauer, Norbert W.
Baxley, Leon.
Bealer, Fred.
Bednarz, Joseph.
Beechler, Glen.
Beels, Alfred— Pvt., Co. L, 311th Infantry.
Benson, Albert.
Berendt, Edward— U. S. S. "Von Steuben."
Berent, Jacob F.
Berry, Edward J.
Besch, Joseph E.
Biambi, Angelo.
Bieber, Raymond — Curtiss Plant.
Erie County's Service Roster
717
LANCASTER— Con
Binz, Frank.
Birkenmeier, Edmund — U. S. S. "Prairie."
Blair, Frank F.
Blanco, Carmelo.
Blazejowski, Julius.
Bluhm, Roy.
Bobjas, John.
Bodaik, Boleslau.
Bogdan, Joseph.
Boiler, William G.— Pvt., Supply Co., 343d Infantry.
Bommer, W. Henry — Pvt., Supply Co., 326th Infantry.
Bonaldi, Abram.
Bonasky, Stanley.
Borercz, Mikoley.
Borko, Antony.
Bowman, Fred.
Briggs, Carlton B.— Lieut., 106th Field Artillery.
Brocck, John.
Broscia, Al.
Brown, Henry P.— U. S. S. "Columbia."
Brown, Joseph.
Brown, Thomas J. — Merchant Marine.
Brownell, Richard.
Bruce, Leonard — U. S. S. "Iowa."
Bryla, Martin.
Buchnat, Stanislaw.
Buchner, Joseph.
Buckheimer, John H.
Bugenhagen, Fred.
Burckhardt, C. E.— Sgt., Candidate School.
Burdick, Glen E.— Radio Operator, U. S. N. R., Great
Lakes.
Burgasser, Joseph.
Burns, .Joseph A.
Burcynski, John A.
Bush, Ray.
Butler, George.
Byersmith, Fred G.
Byron, Edward— Radio Opr., LT. S. N. R., Great Lakes.
Cacasimo, Anthony L.
Cady, Myron.
Calkins, Albert.
Calo, Carlo— Pvt., 106th Field Artillery.
Cant, Andrew M.— Corp., Co. B, 102d Engineers.
Carlson, Emil.
Carlson. Fred — Pvt., Coast Artillery Corps.
Carmelo, Faillo.
Carsia, Antonio.
Cary, Joseph B.
Chowaniec, Benjamin.
Church, Lawrence J.— Pvt., S. A. T. C.
Clark, Baxton L.
Clough, Arthur.
Cocchi, Mariano.
Cocchi, Joseph.
Cocchi, Peter.
Coffed, Earl J.— U. S. N. R.. Great Lakes.
Coleman, James.
Collins, Alfred.
Collins, John H.
Conciatore, Nicole.
Condello, Dominic.
Condello, Joseph.
Conder, Felix.
Conoscenti, Jack.
Crabstee, Homer.
Cretekos, Nicholas.
CuUen, Charles P., Jr.
Cunningham, Edward — S. A. T. C.
Gushing, Robert H.— Lieut., Fort Sill.
Czaya, Albert.
Cyza, Mike.
Czubia, John.
Czyminski, Stanislaw.
Dalconza, Vitu.
Dalimonte, Tony.
Damao, John.
Darlington, Robert — Base Hospital 23.
Davis, George A., Jr. — Captain, Camp Lee.
Davis, Harold B.
Davis, John.
Deck, Julius M.
DeCoux, Daniel — Sgt.
Delbrocco, Anthony.
DeMaun, William.
Dembick, Thomas.
Demerly, Lawrence L.
Demerley, Lee M.
Dentinger, Fred. — U. S. S. " Roanoke."
Deutschlander, Fred.
Dickinson, Merle.
Diericorio, Alexandre.
Diesfeld, Gerhard.
Dipelas, Eraso.
Distefano, Joseph.
Diveroli, Cesare.
Dobbins, Michael— U. S. N. R.
Dobbins, Thomas P.
Domeni, Frank.
Dominici, Adelmo.
Druzynski, Joseph.
Duda, Peter— Pvt., 106th Field Artillery.
Dudaj, Piotr.
Duflfy, Terrance.
Dugan, William J.
Durso, Salvatore.
Dworzanowski, Casimir.
Dworzanowski, .Joseph H.
Eckert, George M.
Egan, James, Jr.
Ehrgott, Frank A.
English, Joseph C.
English, Pierce W.
Enser, Albert C.
Enser, Linus.
Esposito, Frank.
Ewing, James F.
Ezywinski, Stanislau.
Fahrer, Louis.
Fernandez, Antonio G.
718
Erie County's Service Roster
LANCASTER— Con.
Feuerstein, J. — 19th Engineers.
Finck, Fred.
Firore, Anthony.
Firore, Giuseppe.
Fisher, Andrew.
Fisher, Floyd J.
Fitniecki, Walter.
Fitzgerald, Maurice J. — 19th Engineers, France.
Flading, August.
Fleiss, John.
Fliwowski, Anthony — Pvt., Motor Transport Corps.
Flynn, John J.
Forsythe, J. R.
Fowler, Bronze.
Fowler, Lester.
Fowler, Alvin— Pvt., U. S. M. C.
Fox, George H.
Freie, Barney W.
Fremont, George E.
Frensmoni, Joseph.
Freyberger, M. — 19th_Engineers.
Frick, William W.
Fron, Stanley.
Fulton, Kelley.
Fuzzelli, Klyes.
Gabrielli, Giovanni.
Gallotti, .Joseph.
Garbulski, .John.
Garus, John.
Geary, Lester — Boston Navy Yard.
Gehring, Carl.
Geltner, Walter.
Gerber, Albert.
Gerrmer, Edward C.
Gernondt, Charles P.
Gessler, George.
Gettings, Lloyd W.- -Corp., 8th Regiment, U. S. Marine
Corps.
Gettings, Roland J.- -Students' Army Training Corps.
Getzin, Edward.
Geyer, Frank J. — U. S. Naval Reserves, Great Lakes.
Geyer, William J.
Gianacapulos, Gus.
Grat, Cazner.
Gibbin, Edward F.
Gillo, Michael.
Girada. John.
Girardin. Alvin — LT. S. S. "Von Steuben."
Gisnacopulos, Constantine.
Glanz, Chester A. — WA, France.
Glenski, Brownie.
Goetz, William P. — Students' Army Training Corps.
Gofoit, Stanley.
Goldbach, Charles.
Goldbach, John — Sgt., Co. A, 65th Engineers.
Goluk, Alex.
Gonder, Felix.
Goricki, Adam.
Gorecki, Florince.
Gorski, Michael S. — Students' Army Training Corps.
Gowalczyk, Ignatz.
Gowalski, Mike.
Graf, Harold J.— Pvt., S. A. T. C. (Canisius).
Gramlich, Gustave. — Lt. Medical Corps.
Gramlich, Henry F. — Students' Army Training Corps.
Gramza, Frank S.— Pvt., S. A. T. C. (Canisius.i.
Gramza, Henry F.
Graney, Charles S.
Grant, Hilbert W.
Green, David.
Green, John, Jr.
Green, Newell T.
Green, Warren D.
Greis, Carl R.
Griffith, Ward E.
Grisco, Raymond.
Grsebyk, Jan.
Gruszka, Stanislau.
Gryta, Macij.
Grzybowski, Pawet.
Guernsey, Raymond L.
Guerrino, Bracci.
Guilbert, W. J.— Base Hospital 23.
Gyza, Mike.
Haag. Albert C— Pvt., 106th Field Artillery
HardsU, Earl.
Haess, John.
Hahn, Albert J.
Hahn, John.
Halbert. Harrison S.
Halinski, Wladyslau.
Halligan, James P. — Lt., Engineer Corps.
Halter, Peter J.— Pvt., Co. L, 7th Infantry.
Hamilton, John.
Hammond, George.
Harms, William.
Harper, Russell T.
Harris, Max — Navy.
Hasenflug, Raymond — Sgt.
Hoskins, Willard D. — Pvt., American Ambulance.
Haungs, Max, Jr.— U. S. S. "Ohio."
Haungs, Peter C.
Havice, Luther.
Havice, Paul E.
Heintz, Carl F.
Helwig, William.
Hennessey, Arthur D.
Hennessey, William C.
Henrietta, Ray~Pvt., 108th Infantry.
Herbold, Henry — Pvt., 302d Engineers.
Hessler, John W.
Hewitt, Raymond.
Hewson, Edward.
Hill, Leonard.
Heyza, Frank.
Heyza, Leonard.
Hillenbrant, Otto.
Hilliard, Benny.
Hock, Howard W.
Hodges, Lee.
Erie County's Service Roster
(19
LANCASTER— Con.
Hoffman, Henry.
Hoke, George J.
Holloday, John.
Hourihan, Neil J.
Hug, Edward.
Hughes, Charles.
Hughes, Frank.
Hulburt, Edw. C.
Hulbert, William T.
Hummel, Robert G. — Orderly, Exemption Board.
Hurley, Frank E. — WA, France.
Hutchinson, R. E.— Pvt., Battery B, 106th F. A.
Hyburg, Victor.
Hycz, Sczepan.
Ignasik, Frank.
Janiecki, Mike.
Jaworski, Michael.
Ida, Frank.
Ignasiak, Maxwell J. — U. S. S. "Dakota."
Irish, Charles — Lieut., Medical Corps.
Isherwood, James — New London Navy Yard.
Israel, Norman — Medical Corps.
Italion, Casimo.
Izzo, Sebastian.
James, Arthur C. — Lieut., Medical Corps.
Jarocki, Julian.
Jaworski, Michael.
Johnson, J. Edward.
Jefferson, John.
Johnson, John L.
Jendyk, Jozef.
Johnson, David.
Johnson, Victor — U. S. S. "Winchester."
Jones, Bruce P.
Kaminiasz, Peter.
Kania, Walter.
Kapuscinski, Jozef.
Kasperski, Ignacy.
Kaszko, Laszili.
Keller, Vintie.
Kelly, D. J.— 19th Engineers.
Kelly, Fred H. — Pvt., Veterinary Corps.
Kelly, James O.
Kemnitzer, Albert J.
Kepco, Anton.
Kepler, Victor — Merchant Marine.
Kessel, George W.
Kessel, Roy G.
Kewinski, Tomasz.
Khalif, Leo.
Kieffier, Charles.
KiefRer, Franklin.
Kieffer, Henry J.
Kihl, Simon.
Kikta, Francis.
King, Howard.
Kinnen, Elmer.
Kittle, Alanson.
Klaia, Joseph— Pvt., Co. M, 108th Infantry.
Klein, Lawrence.
Klemp, Eugene R.— S. A. T. C. (Canisius)
Knab, John G.
Knauber, Leo V.
Knauber, Raymond.
Knott, Alfred.
Koch, Charles W.— Pvt., 36th Co., 153d Depot Brigade.
Koch, Edward P.— Pvt., Co. E, 327th Infantry.
Kocher, Otto J.
Kock, Herbert.
Koenig, Anthony.
Kolodziedyk, Stanislau.
Konka, Leopold.
Konwiczka. Charles.
Konwiczka, Frank D. — Branch 284, Armed Guard.
Konwiczka, Louis S. — U. S. S. "Leviathan."
Kooper, Peter.
Kopec, Antoni.
Kornacki, Chester.
Koscinski, Stanley.
Kotansky, Michael.
Kotowski, Felicks.
Kozak, Stanislau.
Kranak. Kostak.
Krawczyk, Marciu.
Krehl, Benjamin — Merchant Marine.
Krol, Jan.
Kruschke, Albert.
Krusos, Spiros.
Kruzzattit, Andrew.
Kryzzewski, Louis.
Kulowski, Harry — Students' Army Training Corps.
Kuratz, Wasyl.
Kus, Antoni.
Kutain, Sam.
Kwasniak, Michael.
Laguda, Tony.
Lamonica, Vincenzo.
Lamont, Alfred.
Lance, George — WA (Lost both legs), France.
Landahl. Fred.
Landahl, William F.— Pvt., Mach. Gun Co., 157th Inf.
Langa, Frank.
Lawler, Arthur.
Lawrence, Michael.
Lawniznak Vincent, Depew, N. Y.
Leahy, Charles J. — WA, France.
Lebert, Frank.
Leininger, Bertram.
Lepumo, Vincent.
Lesczynski, Michael.
Lewandowski, Barney.
Lewandowski, Joseph.
Lewandowski, Steven.
Lewis, Bert.
Librera, Sam.
Libowski, Wincenty
Linde, Raymond.
Lindholm, G. Fred.
Linton, Clifford M.
Liposki, Anthony.
;-2o
Erie County's Service Roster
LANCASTER— Con.
Litchofski, A. — 19th Engineers.
Loecher, Theodore W.
Loesch, Chester — U. S. S. "Iowa."
Lowery, WilHam — WA, France.
Lucas, James.
Luciano, Noatale.
Luderman, Wallace.
Ludwig, Joseph S.
Lysiak, Mike.
Mack, Joseph A.
Mackey, Clarence H. — Captain, Medical Corp, Camp
Greene.
Madison, J. D. — LT. S. S. "Pennsylvania."
Magel, Jan.
Maggione, Felix.
Malecki, John.
Malinewski, Stanislau — 19th Engineers.
Mallory, C. B. — 19th Engineers.
Malzam, Henry J.
Marcello, Paul.
Maria, Samuel S.
Marinelli, Harry.
Marki, Frank.
Marki, John F.
Martin, Cecil E.
Marusawki, Tofil.
Mary, Jacob G. — 2d Lieut., School of Aeronautics.
Mary, John J. — Pvt., 2d Ammunition Train.
Matacz, Michael.
Matteson, Leander.
Mausu, Brandi.
Maute, Elmer.
Mazurek, Stanislau.
McGrath, James. C.
McGuire, Wm. Jr.
McGuire, Michael J.
McHugh, Leonard J.
Mclsaac, James C.
McKenzie, Ralph.
McLeron, James.
McLeron, John — U. S. S. "Mississippi."
McNally, John J.
McQuillan, Frank T. L.
Meagher, Frank E.
Meneck, Juim.
Menne, Donate.
Metz, Roy G.
Michel, Lawrence.
Migleccio, Michael.
Miklinski, Leo.
Mikosa, Gregory.
Miles, George E.
Miles, Thomas H. — U. S. N. Ammunition Depot.
Millen, Leslie.
Miles, Malcolm E.
Miller, Adolph.
Miller, Herman.
Miller, Malcolm.
Millinski, Leo.
Mills, Gregory.
Mink, George — Central Officers' Training School.
Mohr, Jacob C.
Mokan, Stephen — U. S. Navy.
Molinaro, Russell.
Motz, Roy G.
Mondzik, Jan.
Moody, Chas. C. — WA, France.
Moody, Thomas.
Mook, Edmund W.
Mook, H. R. — Veterinary Corps, Lt.
Mook, Harvey J. — U. S. Navy.
Morgan, Henry.
Mosack, Arthur — U. S. S. "Minnesota."
Mosack, Charles.
Mosack, Joseph A.
Mostrang, Jozef.
Motz, Harry.
Motz, William.
Mullaney, John.
Munson, Ethan F.
Murawski, John.
Murphy, Edward.
Murphy, John J. — Students' Army Training Corps.
Musdollo, Basso.
Myers, Russell.
Naas, Clarence D.
Neary, Michael.
Nelson, Theodore.
Nepochna, Domenico.
Nichelson, Michael.
Nichter, Albert J.
Nuwer, Frank X., Jr.
Nuwer, Rev. Roman J. — Chaplain A. E. F.
Ohrback, John.
Okoniewski, Zygmund.
O'Neill, Lawrence.
Orbanick, John.
Orlo, Adolf.
Oskia, Antoni.
Oska, Antonio L.
Oska, Stanislau.
Oswald, Raymond Y.
Paglialunga, Giuseppe.
Paglialunga, Louis.
Pallagreine, Mike.
Panicali, Angelo.
Papiermik, Antoni.
Parker, Alva.
Parkes, John.
Pauly, Arthur J.
Pauly, Jacob, Jr.
Pautler, Edward V.
Pautler, Henry— Pvt., Co. A, 18th Infantry.
Pawlus, Kazimierz.
Pearles, C. W.— U. S. S. "Nevada."
Fearless, Fred.
Pech, Edward— Pvt., 2d Co., C. C. British Navy.
Peps, Stanley.
Perez, Rufino.
Peronne, Albert H. F.
Erie County's Service Roster
721
LANCASTER— Con.
Pesany, Angelo.
Peters, Seraphine.
Peters, C. J.— Mess Sgt., 108th Infantry.
Peterson, Edward.
Peters, Seraphine.
Peterson, Edward.
Petz, Jacob— U. S. S. "Bushnell."
Pfeifer, Charles E.
Pfeiffer, Joseph— U. S. S. "Maine."
Pienlvowslii, Jan.
Piglowski, Tomasz.
Piglowski, Wojciech.
Piluszynslii, Julian.
Piotrowski, Frank.
Piotrowski, Mikolaj.
Pizik, Ralph.
Plimpton, C. H. — Lieut., Engineer Corps.
Pluszynski, Julian.
Podsiadalo, Lawrence.
Politis, John.
Popastathatos, Demitro.
Post, Fred C.
Potz, Jacob.
Powers, Charles.
Prieto, Vincento.
Prinicapo, Michael.
Puccio, Angelo.
Purcell, William.
Pascucci, Ermert.
Phillips. Clavin.
Pifss, Stanley.
Quaver, Nick.
Rademacher, A. J. — U. S. S. "Burrows."
Rademacher, H. J.— U. S. S. "K-2."
Rainey, Charles.
Ransom, Allen — Capt., 509th Engineer Battalion.
Ratajski, Leo A.
Rathmann, H. W.— Sgt., Co. A, 102d Engineers.
Rautenstrauch, Leo C.
Raymond, Harry E.— 106th Field Artillery.
Re, Cristofara.
Reese, Paul.
Reilly, D. J.— 19th Engineers.
Reimer, Carl— Corp., Co. D, 302d Supply Train.
Reiver, Walter.
Remus, Vincent.
Richert, Clare L.
Ripepi, Carmelo.
Roberts, Henry.
Robinson, Walter F.
Roessel, Charles.
Rohl, Charles P.
Roll, Albert.
Roll, Alvin.
Roll, William.
Romanezak, Andrew.
Romanczak, Stanislau.
Rondino, Peter.
Ronckiewicz, Jan.
Roneker, Alvin J.
Roneker, Charles.
Rosniak, Jos.
Ross, Tony.
Rossman, Charles O.
Round, Howard M.
Rudnik, Alex.
Rudnik, Frank.
Rudnik, Joseph.
Rugg, Charles.
Rumsey, Guy E.
Ruppel, Clifford.
Rurnik, Joseph.
Ruszanowski, Joseph.
Ruszanowski, Stanley.
Rybak, Stanislau.
Rymaszewski, Adam.
Saams, Paul.
Sabieraj, John.
Salton, Wendell P.
Salvatore, Durso.
Schasel, Edward — Pvt., Special Service.
Schaus, James — Corp. G.
Schasel, Walter— Pvt., Co. I, 310th Infantry.
Scheffler, William H.
Scheh, Elmer V.
Scheier, Arthur W.— Pvt., Co. K, 47th Infantry.
Scheier, R. E.— Corp., 106th Field Artillery.
Scheier, John.
Scherer, Emil C.
Scherer, Frank C— U. S. Navy.
Scherer, Michael.
Schlum, Frank— Sgt., U. S. M. C.
Schlum, Vincent— Pvt.. 66th Co., U. S. M. C, 5th Reg.
Schmaltz, Fred — Musician, 16th Infantry.
Schmidt, Charles.
Schmidt, Emil— 117th Field Artillery.
Schneider, Harvey C.
Schreiner, Carl J.
Schunk, Alster W.
Schwalb, Raymond.
Schwartz, Joseph B.— Corp., 11. S. M. C.
Scott, Edwin C.
Searles, Lynn L.
Seaward, Edgar S.
Seibel, Nicholas.
Selvy, Louis.
Senko, Michael.
Shepherd, Henry R. — Students' Army Training Corps
Sherman, John A.
Short, Mike.
Siebert, Arthur — Sgt., 19th Engineers.
Simbeck, Ed. H.— U. S. S. "Connecticut."
Simbeck, Roy M.— U. S. S. " Carolina."
Simme, Frederick.
Sincox, C. G.— Pvt., 19th Engineers.
Siovanna, Gabrielle.
Sinner, Fred.
Sipperly, WilHam A.
Sitarski, Stanislaw.
Skarbek, Ludwik.
722
Erie County's Service Roster
LANCASTER— Con.
Skomra, Jan.
Skomra, Tomasz.
Smiley, John R. — Quartermaster, U. S. S. " Roepot."
Smith, Andrew.
Smith, Donald — British Army.
Smith, Frank W.— U. S. S. " Missouri."
Smith, Henry.
Smith, Lorene.
Snyder, George C.
Snyder, Paul N
Soldvirieri, Clearmine.
Soemann, George J.
Spanello, Thomas.
Sprague, Roy G.
Stachura, Bronislaw.
Stachura, Ignatius.
Stachurski, Emil.
Stachurski, Ignacy.
Staley, Willard.
Staniszewski, Frank.
Staniszewski, John
Stanley, George.
Startaro, Dominic.
Statler, Frank.
Staub, Arthur W.
Stear, George H.
Stellrecht, Howard— U. S. Navy.
Stephan, Henry C.
StoU, Arthur.
Strawinski, Stanislau.
Strite, Kenneth— U. S. N. R.
Sturm, Clarence — Merchant Marine.
Sturm, Frank.
Stutzman, Arthur.
Stutzman, Edward E.
Suchetta, Rufele.
Sugg, Alfred W.
Sulser, Julian.
Surico, Vito F.
Surico, Vinto.
Surma, John A., Jr.
Suski, Jan.
Suzer, Julius.
Swanson, Charles.
Swierat, J. W. — Lieut., Medical Corp.
Swirgula, Jan.
Szizyka, Adam.
Szot, John.
Sipperski, Leo.
Szuba, Joseph.
Szymecki, Michael.
Szyperski, Andrew.
Szyperski, Leo.
Tanner, Donald C— U. S. N. R.
Tanner, Ira A.
Temrowski, Frank.
Temrowski, John P.
Theil, Stanley.
Thorne, William.
Tont, Joseph.
Tony, Charles.
Tosti, Filippo.
Tozzi, Giuseppe.
Tramantant, Joseph.
Tricosi, Joseph.
Trowbridge, Jack — Base Hospital 23.
Trudel, Frederick.
Tupadlo, Jan.
Tur, Brunislau.
Turpoik, Charles.
Tyminski, Jozef.
Tyrrell, Joseph W.
Tyrrell, Martin.
Urschel, Chauncey.
Utecht, John.
Vandawalker, Lester.
Vanhoff, John F., .Jr.— Pvt., U. S. M. C.
Vernacotola, Pasquale.
Vetter, .Jerry.
Voegele, Arthur F.
Voegele, Joseph H.
Volpini, Louis.
Volz, William A.
Vulcano, Martino.
Waag, Edw. F.— 499th Co., 14th Regiment.
Wagner, Arthur L.
Waldmiller, Arthur J.
Waldmiller, Frank J.
Waldmiller, John L.
Waldmiller, Emil.
Waldmiller, Herman.
Waldmiller, John L.
Waldmiller, Martin.
Wall, Carl E.
Wallace, Fred C.
Wallace, Robert G.
Wallenmeier, Henry — Sgt., 153d Depot Brigade.
Walter, Gordon J. — Motor Transport Corps.
Walter, Peter J.
Wannemacher, Harvey F. — Pvt., Students' Army
Training Corps, Canisius.
Weber, Henry.
Webster, Nelson V.— Pvt., Co. H, 305th Infantry. WA
October, 1918, Argonne.
Weisenberger, Edward W.
Weiser, Roy H.
Wern, Henry K.
Whiting, Ernest Wm.
Wielkiewicz, Frank.
Wiesniewski, Jan.
Wiesniewski, Peter.
Willard, C. Baker — Students' Army Training Corps.
Williams, Frank.
Williams, Richard — Students' Army Training Corps.
Williams, William.
Wilson, Samuel F.
Witkowski, John.
Wodarczyk, Joseph.
Wojciechowski, Ludwig.
Wojewoda, Stanislau.
Erie County's Service Roster
723
LANCASTER — Con.
Wolski, Anthony.
Wrazen, Charles.
Wyleba, Stanley.
Yachun, Clarence.
Yodges, Joseph F.
Y'oung, Charles M.
Young, George.
Young, Harvey A.
Young, John J.
Young, Lester — U. S.
Zapallone, Giovanni.
Zawacki, Boleslaw.
S. " New Hampshire.'
Zeberat, Andrez.
Zeilman, L. F.— Pvt., Co. G, 359th Infantry.
Zeol, Frank.
Zimmerman, Ray.
Zook, H. R.— U. S. S. "Iowa."
Zuilkowski, John.
Zuilkowski, John— 106th Field Artillery.
Zukowski, Julius.
Zurbrick, Roy G. — Co. D, 1st Merchant Marine Regt.
Zyck, Joe.
Zynda, Stanley.
Zynda, Walter.
MARILLA
Hellman, Carl W.-
Kelly, Dennis D.-
Gold Star Men
-Pvt., Co. H, 306th Infantry. KA October 3, 1918, France.
-Corp., Co. K, 305th Regiment. KA September 6, 1918, France.
Adams, Clifford H. — Seaman, U. S. S. Arrow.
Chesbro, Harold F.— Wagoner, Co. D, 12th Am. Train.
Cookman, Charles A.
Cookman, Fred — 37th Co., Convalescent Center.
Cullen, Glen F.— 2d-class Machinist's Mate, U. S. Navy.
Donnelly, William E. — Corp., Air Service.
Eckert, Albert L.— Pvt., 49th Co., 5th Regiment, U. S.
M. C. WG,Belleau Woods, June, 1918.
Eldridge, Leonard C. — Lieut., Co. B, 34th Engineers.
Frazier, Louis.
Glass, George A.— Pvt., Co. B, 308th Regiment.
Griswold, Guy — 97th American Legion.
Griswold, Henry J. — Pvt., 47th Co., 5th Regiment.
WA November 5, 1918, Argonne.
Hill, Zenas— Pvt., U. S. M. C.
Jerge, Joseph — 38th Co., Convalescent Center.
Lehnis, George W. — Pvt., Co. D, 14th Regiment.
Mann, George A. — Pvt.
Mason, Floyd W.— Seaman, U. S. S. " Colfax."
Maurer, Walter J. — Supply Co., 309th Infantry.
Metcalf, Clarence L.— Pvt., Battery B, 304th F. A.
Myers, Guy C— Pvt., Headquarters Co., 304th F. A.
Phillips, Merley H.— Pvt., Co. C, 13th Infantry.
Reuman, Julius W. — Pvt.
Ruttan, Walter — Machinist Co., 4th Co. Air Service.
Schmidt, Otto F.— Pvt., V. C. 303d Remount Dept.
Seegar, Albert— Corp., V. C. 303d Remount Dept.
Snyder, Charles A.— Pvt., 3d Co., Flying School.
Swartz, Willis B.— Pvt., 101st Trench Mortar Battery.
Treat, Glenn— Pvt., Co. I, 311th Infantry.
Walker, Clarence J. — Pvt., Headquarters Co., 106th
Field Artillery.
NEWSTEAD
Gold Star Men
Altrogge, Albert H. — 302d Engineers. DD January 27, 1918, France.
BuRDiCK, Glen L.— Sgt., 309th Infantry. DW November 5, 1918, France.
CiNFFETTELLi, LoRETO — KA October 19, 1918, France.
Foss, Fred — Aviation. D in accident.
HoAG, George — Corp., 302d Supply Train. DD December 12, 1918, France.
Karnitz, Henry J. — KA. U. S. Marine Corp.
McAllister, Clarence — U. S. Navy. D at sea.
Miller, Walter— Pvt., Co. C, 12th Infantry. DD January 19, 1919.
Strickland, Chester— Pvt., 408th Co., U. S. Marine Corps. D November 19, 1918.
Tillman, Laverne— Sgt., 309th Infantry. KA October 16, 1918, France.
Walter, Leslie— Pvt., Co. F, 311th Infantry. KA October 1918, France.
Altrogge, Ralph J. — Pvt., Co. A, 14th Regiment.
Ansel, Paul J.— Pvt., 95th Co., 6th Regiment, U. S.
Marine Corps. WA June 14, 1918, Belleau Woods.
Bartram, Russel E. — Pvt., 9th Trench Mortar Battery.
Beeman, Earl — Quartermaster Corps.
Bell, Hobart H.— Corp., 46th Co., 112th Sanitary Train.
Berghorn, Wellington — Mechanic, Aviation Corps.
Bitterman, Allen C— Pvt., Battery D, 66th F. A.
Bluck, Philip E.— Am. Red Cross Trans. Dept.
Bluhm, Carl R.— Corp., Co. M, 309th Infantry.
Brown, Floyd— Pvt., Co. B, 334th Machine Gun Batt'n
Brown, Frank — Field Artillery, 77th Div.
Brown, Louis L.— Pvt., Headquarters Co.. 336th Field
Artillery.
724
Erie County's Service Roster
NEWSTEAD— Con.
Brucker, Irving A. — Mechanic, Headquarters Troop.
Burg, Arthur H.— Pvt., 152d Depot Brigade.
Buseto. Ermenil — 306th Infantry.
Cain, Ian Medad — Students' Army Training Corps.
Caple, Karl F.— Pvt., Co. I, 306th Infantry. WA
August 14, 1918, Chateau-Thierry.
Caprio, Marshall— Pvt., Co. A, 4th Field Artillery.
Chaffee, George A.
Clark, Paul G. — Wireless Operator, U. S. Navy.
Corbett, Arthur J. — 2d-class Seaman, U. S. Navy.
Coughlin, Russell .J.— 306th Infantry, Co. I.
Cummings, Ernest F. — Supply Co., Camp Dix.
Cummings, Howard — Camp Dix.
Cummings, Ralph B. — Co. L, 7th Infantry.
Czolgosz, Vincent — Seaman, U. S. Navy.
Darie, James — Pvt., Co. L, 1st Regiment. WA Octo-
ber 11, 1918, Argonne.
Dickinson, Roy R.— Pvt., 306th Infantry. WA August
8, 1918, France.
Dieterle, Clarence — Camp Dix.
Dye, Henry W. — Students' Army Training Corps.
Eckerson, Harold I.— S. A. T. C. (Cornell).
Eckerson, Ransom — Headquarters Co., Motor Trans.
Ehrhardt, Roy— 306th Infantry.
Emendorfer, Roy E. — Chief Mechanic, Battery F,
.309th F. A. WA September 14, 1919, St. Mihiel.
Erhardt, Roy P.— Pvt., Battery E, 336th Field Artillery.
Erickson, Fred A. — Supply Co., 2d Field Artillery.
Ferington, Gordon— Camp Dix.
Fisher, Homber B. — Students' Army Training Corps.
Fisher, Harry — 306th Infantry.
Flint, Glenn W.— Pvt., 78th Field Artillery.
Freeman, Samuel W. — Mechanic, Sup, Co., 106th F. A.
Gifford, Carl J.— Ist-class Sgt., Base Hospital 23.
Gorckia, Emilio — Camp Dix.
Hammonds, Arthur — Students' Army Training Corps.
Harrington, Roy— Pvt., Co. E, 346th Infantry.
Hart, Henry C. — 10th Co., Transportation Corp.
Hawley, Charles E.— U. S. R. C. 4. Boatswain Mate,
U. S. Navy.
Holtz, John C. — Cook, Headquarters Co., 309th Infan-
try. WA November 1, 1918, Argonne.
Holtz, John E.— Master Eng., 303d Engineers, Co. I.
Hunt, Ward C— Corp., 116th Supply Train, Co. D.
Hurry, Glenn H.— Pvt., Co. A, 13th Ry. Engineers.
King, Roy J. — 2d-class Seaman, U. S. Na\'y.
Larkin, Herbert R.— WA. 77th Div.
Loughlin, John — Student's Army Training Corps.
Marranconi, Giuseppi — Pvt., 34th Co., 153d D. B.
McCrillis, John E. — Students' Army Training Corps.
McGinn, Albert T. — Ist-class Blacksmith, Camp Dix.
McNifl, H. H.— 3d-class Quartermaster, U. S. S.
"Tucker."
McNiff, Michael P. — Ist-class Cook, Camp Dix.
Mahaney, Frank J.— 306th Infantry, 77th Div.
Mahoney, John F,— Pvt., Battery D, 6th F. A.
Martin, Charles J.— 302d Supply Train, Co. D.
Micksich, Peter — Camp Dix.
Miller, Walter G.— Pvt., Co. C, 12th Battalion. DD
January 19, 1919, Camp Jackson.
Mullin, David L.
Naegely, Ernest.
O'Connor, John — 306th Infantry.
Owen, W. E.— U. S. R. C. 4, U. S. Navy.
Parker, Ross W. — Co. B, Development Battalion.
Reed, Oscar E. — Pvt., Bairack Detachment.
Reigle, George J. — Utilities.
Rhoda, Merton J. — Camp Dix.
Richards, Joseph R.~99th Div.
Rosenburg, Howard — Camp Dix.
Rubeck, Wilbur.— 67th Co., 1.53d Depot Brigade.
Rung, John — Camp Dix.
Schilling, William A. — Camp Dix.
Spooner, Harry V. — Ist-class Pvt., Co. C, 61st Infantry.
WA October 13, 1918, Verdun.
Strickland, Chester — Pvt., U. S. Marine Corps.
Sutton, Hoover — Aero Corp., U. S. Navy.
Swader, Harry — 306th Infantry.
Swarts, Frank A. — Pvt., Headquarters Co., 311th Inf.
Swarts, Harry— Mechanic, Co. M, 309th Infantry. WA
October 16, 1918, Argonne.
Swartz, Merton L.— Pvt., Co. G, 313th Infantry. WA
November 8, 1918, Verdun.
Walker, Clark D.— Pvt., Headquarters Co., 306th Inf.
Weatherbee, Alfred— Co. B, 102d U. S. Infantry.
Whiting, Clayton P.~Pvt., Co. M, 345th Infantry.
Winchester, Frank L.
Wyckoff, James H.— Pvt., Machine Gun Co., 308th Inf.
NORTH COLLINS
Gold Star Men
Johnson, Oscar P.— Pvt., Headquarters, 304th Field Artillery. KA September 15, 1918, France.
AsHBY, Whitman G.— Sgt., Headquarters Co., 304th Field Artillery. DD March 1, 1919, France.
CoLANGELO, James— Pvt., Co. A, 327th Infantry. KA October 16, 1918, Argonne.
Thomas, Anthony I.— Corp., 340th G. and F. Co. DD October 1, 1918, Camp Merritt.
Wolf, Lawrence A.— Sgt., Co. L, 309th Infantry. KA October 16, 1918, France.
Bantle, Kenneth N. — Pvt., 2d Co., 1st Regiment,
Ordnance.
Barone, Samuel.
Britting, Walter H.— Pvt., Co. A, 111th A. R. C.
WA September 17, 1918.
Burgott, Harry J.— Pvt., Co. L, 103d Infantry. WA
April 23, 1918, France.
Burgott, Lawrence J. — Ist-class Sgt., Quartermaster
Corps.
Bowman, Clarence P.— Pvt., 42d Co., 153d D. B.
Erie County's Service Roster
725
NORTH COLLINS— Con.
Bowman. Clayton H. — Pvt., Headq'rs. Co., 33d Inf.
Burk, Harland L.— Sgt., Co. M, 309th Infantry.
Cataldo, Vito— Pvt., Supply Co., 309th Infantry.
Davis, Claude R. — Pvt., 4th Co., 1st Regiment.
Decker, Peter F.— Pvt.
Demarie, Ned.
Denzel, Harold K.— Pvt., Co. E, 74th Regiment.
Dole, Joseph C— Pvt., Co. C, 59th Pioneers.
Eshoo, Darius — Sgt., Replacement Unit 72.
Falk, Clarence P.— Sgt., 20th Engineers.
Fazzolaro, Frank— Pvt., Co. E, 327th Infantry.
Fazzolaro, James — Pvt., Battery C, 4th Field Artillery.
Injured May, 1918, Camp Shelby.
Fox. Joseph J. — Pvt., 305th Infantry.
Galanti, Russel C— Pvt., Battery C, 106th Field Art.
Gallaway, Lloyd J.— Pvt., Co. A, 5th Battalion, First
Army Replacement Depot.
Gaylord, Charles W.— Corp., Co. E, 403d Field Sig. Bn.
Gaylord, Leverne Z.— Sgt., Co. C, 308th Machine Gun
Battalion.
Gaylord, Oral F. — Pvt., Medical Corps, 7th Infantry.
WA July 16, 1918, Marne.
Geiger, Clement J.— Pvt., Co. E, 61st Infantry.
Gelia, Thomas J.— Corp., Co. L, 7th Infantry. WG
July 29, 1918, France.
George, Donate — Pvt., Quartermaster Corps.
Grover, Edwin N.
Hibbard, Darwin E. — Musician, Headquarters Co.,
311th Infantry.
Hibbard, Fred L.— Pvt., Co. C, 30th Engineers. WG.
August 25, 1918, France.
Hoover, Arthur E.— Pvt., 166th Infantry.
Johengen, Leo P. — Pvt., 307th Infantry.
Kohn, Joseph P. — Capt., 3d Coast Artillery Corps.
Lawton, Ledra M. — Musician, Headq'rs. Co., 106th Inf.
Leiker, John C. — Cook.
Ognibene, Jos. S.— Chief Petty Officer, U. S. Coast G'd.
Pellegrino, Cosimo — Pvt., Truck Co., 15th Am. Train.
Pickrens, Jennings D. — Pvt., 4th Co., November Auto-
matic Replacement Draft, Tank Corps.
Piscitello, Salvatore — Corp., Headquarters Co., 309th
Infantry.
Prim, Howard.
Ricatto, Charles— Pvt.
Rice, Frank C— Pvt., 22d Co., 153d Depot Brigade.
St. George, Joseph T.— Pvt., 309th Infantry. WA Sep-
tember 27, 1918, France.
Schaus, F. James — Corp., Co. I, 320th Infantry.
Schaus, Maynard C. — Lieut., Co. B, 309th Infantry.
Schneider, Henry — Pvt., 153d Depot Brigade.
Smith, Frederick S. H. — Captain, Engineer Corps.
Smith, Lloyd L.— Pvt., Co. C, 308th Machine Gun B'n.
Stuhlmiller, Curtis R.— Sgt.
Steff, Barney— Pvt.
Steff, Henry T.
Steff, Will F.
Taber, Fred E.— Chief Machinist's Mate, U. S. S.
"Oklahoma."
Taft, N. Clare— Pvt., Co. D, S. A. T. C.
Taravella, Ray— 13th Regiment, U. S. M. C.
Taylor, Clayton C— Pvt., S. A. T. C.
Taylor, Henry L. — Lieut., Quartermaster Corps.
Tempio. Mike— Pvt., 53d Pioneers. WA June, 1918,
France.
Thiel, Henry S.— Corp., Co. K, 311th Infantry.
Thiel, Hubert J.— Pvt., Co. L, 311th Infantry.
Thill, Victor J.— Corp., Supply Co., 309th Infantry.
Ueblacker, Otto F. — Ist-class Pvt., Headquarters Co.,
311th Infantry.
Unger, Clarence— Pvt., Machine Gun Co., 348th Inf.
Valone, Frank H.— Pvt., S. A. T. C.
Volpe, Dominick— Sgt., Co. B, 166th Infantry.
Wagner, Peter J.
Wakely, Albert— Pvt., 337th Tank Corps.
Warner, Malen R. — Musician, Headquarters Co., 311th
Infantry.
Weisser, Ward W. — Pvt., Quartermaster Corps.
Winner, Niles M. — Pvt., Headquarters Co., 304th F. A.
Wolfe, James A.— Pvt., 15th Regiment, U. S. M. C.
Wooster, Wheelock W.— S. A. T. C.
SARDINIA
Gold Star Men
Griffith, Benjamin H.— DD August 2, 1918, Hoboken, N. Y.
Smith, Edward E. — Pvt., Co. D, 176th Regiment, Canadian Expeditionary Forces. KA August 9, 1918,
Amiens.
Andrea, Joseph.
Block, Homer C, Aviation.
Delzer, Benjamin H.— Ist-class Pvt., Co. B, 502d En-
gineers Service Battalion.
Fischer, George E.
Goodernote, Clarence J. — Wagoner, Headquarters Co.,
308th Machine Gun Battalion.
Johnson, Merle— Pvt., Co. A., 302d T. S. Bn.
Graves, Charles A. — Pvt., Co. A, 58th Regiment.
Graves, Wayne K.— Pvt., Battery B, 304th F. A.
Graves, Willard W.— Pvt., 24th Co., 153d Depot Brig.
Griffith, Roy J.— Pvt., Co. A, 305th Infantry.
Howell, Emery T.— Sgt.
.June, George F. — Pvt., 64th Spruce Squadron.
Ohn, Ray C.
Petri, William P. — Ist-cl. Carpenter's Mate, Nav. Av.
Rice, Floyd D.— Pvt., Headquarters Co., 307th Inf.
Rosier, Rex E.— Sergeant, Q. M. C.
Rothrock, William H.
Spaulding, Neil A.
Stockin, Leighton K. — Pvt., Supply Co., 13th Regiment
Stram, Floyd C.
726
Erie County's Service Roster
Taylor, George— Pvt., Co. 79, 6th Regt., U. S. M. C.
Westman, Theodore C.
Wiedemann, Frank J. — Quartermaster, U. S. Navy.
Wiedemann, William L.— Pvt., Co. E, 305th Infantry.
Wiedemann, William M.
SARDINIA— Con.
Wood, Frederick M.— Pvt., Battery D, 13th First Army
Replacement Depot.
Woodard, Roy— Pvt., Co. A. 305th Infantry.
Woodworth, Nelson R.— Pvt., Co. A, 305th Infantry.
W August 18, 1918, Chateau Thierry.
TONAWANDA
Gold Star Men
Balling, Peter .J.— Pvt., Co. K, 309th Infantry. KA October 19, 1918, Argonne.
BoEHMKE, Charles — Pvt., Co. H, 345th Infantry. D.
Braunshidle, Milton — Pvt., 311th Infantry. KA Argonne.
Btones, Joseph Leo— Sgt., Q. M. C. DD Feb. 3, 1919, Tours, France.
Crosby, Harry E.— Lieut., Co. L, 108th Infantry. KA September 29, 1918, France.
Dahl, Daniel P.— Pvt., Co. L, 308th Infantry. KA France.
Eberhardt, Frederick B. — Co. Commander, U. S. Navy. DD January 26, 1919, Great Lakes.
Fisher, James, O.— Pvt., U. S. M. C. DD March 1, 1919, Coblenz.
Harder, Clarence — D.
Hoffman, Che.ster — Pvt., Co. M, 311th Infantry. KA, France.
Horan, Daniel — D.
HoRAN, Robert — D.
Keller, Lambert J.— Pvt., Co. H, 306th Infantry. KA October 2, 1918, France.
KiMMlNS, WiNFRED B.— U. S. M. C. KA October 3, 1918, Chateau Thierry.
Koch, Robert L.— Pvt., Co. H, 346th Infantry. D.
Kohler, John W. — Pvt., Co. D, 307th Infantry. KA France.
Martin, Russell J.— Pvt., Co. K, 108th Infantry. KA September 28, 1918, France.
McAllister, Wm. H. — D.
Ott, John— Pvt., Co. I, 346th Infantry. D.
RoEDER, George — D.
Shorts, William F. — D.
Shaw, Sylvester E. — D.
SOMMER, FItANK — D.
Sterz, Ferdinand — D.
Strough, Edward B. — D.
Watershath, Norman A. — Pvt., Co. K, 108th Infantry. KA, France.
Wendt, Ernest T.
Ackerman, Nelson B. N.— Corp., Co. C, 302d Eng.
Albright, John.
Allan, Coville.
Allen, Geo. C— 639th Aero Squadron.
Ammerman, John B.
Anderson, Leroy — Seaman, U. S. S. "Tallapoosa. "
Andres, Fred— Pvt., Co. G, 346th Infantry.
Andres, Walter— Pvt., Co. H, 345th Infantry.
Andrews, George M. — Corp., Co. A, 108th Infantry.
Arnold, Donald D. — Cadet, Aviation Service.
Arnold, Seth J— Pvt., Co. F, 11th Engineers.
Axcel, Edward.
Axcel, Frank.
Ayrault, John Jr— 1st Lieut., U. S. M. C.
Babyancz, Felix.
Bailey, Albert— Pvt., 82d Field Artillery.
Baker, Elmer.
Ballard, Fayette.
Balling, Frank — Pvt., Co. A, 302d Engineers.
Balling, Michael.
Balling, Peter— Pvt., Co. K, 309th Infantry.
Bampton, James.
Barker, Roland S. — 2d Lieut., 100th Aero Squadron.
Barth, Jacob.
Baxter, Faber — Co. I, Ordnance Repair Shop.
Bealer, George. — Corp., School Dept., A. E. F.
Behuke, Charles.
Bellinger, Kenneth— 1st D. R. C.
Bennett, John J.
Berbach, Albert.
Berg, Louis P.— U. S. S. "Sachem."
Bernhardt, Albert H.— Pvt., Co. B, 302d Engineers.
Berton, Clarence.
Betz, Henry F.
Beuthner, Herman J.
Beutner, Albert.
Beyerns, John E.— Pvt., T. B. Co., 12th Motor Truck.
Bingert, Frank.
Bingert, George— Pvt., Co. K, 309th Infantry.
Blair, Eugene E.
Bloomstein, Burt.
Bluckhorn, John— Pvt., Co. A, 64th Infantry.
Boehnke, Charles— Pvt., Co. H, 345th Infantry.
Bologda, Angelo.
Erie County's Service Roster
727
TONAWANDA— Con.
Bonos, Frank F.
Booth, Raymond C— Pvt., S. A. T. C
Breitenbach, Louis P., Jr.
Brider, Herbert.
Briggs, Kempton.
Bronson, Frank— Pvt., Co. K, 108th Infantry.
Brooks, William— Pvt., Co. B, 176th Battalion.
Brose, Paul M.— Pvt., Co. L, 306th Infantry. WA,
Vesle Front.
Brown, Henry A. — Capt., Officers' Training Reserve.
Brownell, Edwin K.
Browning, Charles 0.
Brownshidle, Harry — Pvt., 12th Regiment.
Brownshidle, Irvin — Sgt., Co. M, 311th Infantry.
Brownshidle, Milton J.— Pvt., Co. M, 311th Infantry.
Brumm, Fred W.— Corp., Co. C, P. R. Battery.
Bucheri, Harry O. — Quartermaster Corps.
Buckley, P. L.
Burger, John F.— Pvt., Co. M, 108th Infantry.
Burling, Gust A.
Burlingame, William T.— Pvt., Co. D, 306th Infantry.
Bush, Joseph F. — Apprentice Seaman, U. S. Navy.
Butcherie, Harry O.
Byrnes, John E.
Callanon, George.
Cardi, Pasquale.
Carnduff, Andrew.
Cary, Harold— Pvt., Co. A, 308th Infantry.
Cashway, Eugene J.— Pvt., Co. C, 302d F. S. Battalion.
Cashway, Eugene.
Cashway, Noel E. — Students' Army Training Corps.
Cashway, Charles J. — Pvt., U. S. Marine Corps.
Caskey, Clarence C.
Cgorwinski, John — Pvt., 5th Field Artillery.
Cherry, Caleb.
Cherry, Harold M. — Officers' Training School.
Christ, Frank W.
Chudy, William.
Clark, Alexander B.— Pvt., Co. E, 27th Regiment.
WA, Verdun.
Clark, Albert.
Clifford, Andrew V.
Cole, Clarence K. — Apprentice Seaman, U. S. Navy.
Collingworth, Albert.
Collins, Herbert.
Comlin, John W.— Sailor, U. S. Navy.
Comric, Lee T.
Connolly, Frank.
Cox, Fred.
Coyich, Misko.
Crowe, Frederick— Pvt., Co. F, 347th Infantry.
Crumney, James C.
Cutt, Michael.
Dagenhart, William.
Dahl, Cyrus J.
Dahl, Peter D.
Davis, John A.
Deer, William.
DeGlopper, Arlington.
DeGuchery, Thomas— Sgt., Co. A, 308th Infantry.
Dennis, Nicholas.
Desmore, Earl.
Deth, Carl— Pvt., 36th Field Artillery.
Deuel, Ernest F.— Sgt., 13th Co., 20th Engineers.
Dicks, Owen T. E.— Pvt., Medical Corps.
Diebold, George W. — 1st Lieut., Base Hospital 111.
Diehl, Albert A.— Pvt.
Dietrich, Clarence E.
Dietzman, Frederick W.
Dillon, Raymond E.
Dinger, Lester.
Dobson, Howard — Chief Radio Operator, U. S. S.
"Texas."
Dobson, Willard — Ist-class Pharmacist's Mate, U. S. N.
Draucher, James H.— Pvt., Co. E, 11th Regiment, U. S.
Marine Corps.
Dykeman, Nina J. — Nurse, A. N. C.
Eappleyea, Albert.
Eberhardt, Fred B., Jr.— Co. Commander, Co. G, 5th
Regiment.
Eberhardt, Louis K.
Eberle, Joseph.
Eberfeld, Edward.
Ebling, Frank J.— Pvt., Co. E, 302d Engineers.
Eckles, William F.— Pvt., Co. B, 305th Infantry.
Ecksten, Walter.
Edin, Frank.
Edin, William— Pvt., Co. D, 18th Infantry.
Eisenberger, Edward W. — Corp., Co. H, 345th Infantry.
Elliott, Charles.
Enlow, Thomas — 2d Lieut., 1st Replacement Brigade.
Ensminger, Leroy E.
Ergan, Albert — Pvt., 74th Armory.
Ernst, Daniel.
Ernst, Louis.
Essenberger, John C— Pvt., Co. K, 326th Infantry.
Evans, Alfred W. — Pvt., Hospital Corps.
Failing, Victor F.
Fairbanks, H. D. — 1st Lieut., Medical Corps, Base
Hospital 23.
Fairbanks, Howard Cousins.
Fanger, Eddie.
Farnham, Raymond D. — Machinist's Mate, U. S. S.
"N-2."
Feilding, Charles.
Feirich, Albert J.— Pvt., 301st Military Police.
Feirich, Benjamin — Sgt., Co. G, 38th Regiment.
Fenger, Emil.
Fenger, Fred.
Fenger, William E.
Ferrich, Albert.
Finch, Alvin J.
Finch, Harold R. — Pvt., Ordnance Department, 77th
Field Artillery.
Fischer, William F.— Pvt., Co. C, 308th Machine Gun
Battalion.
Fisher, Charles.
Fisher, Clayton G.— Pvt., Co. K, 108th Infantry.
Fisher, Emile B.— Pvt., Co. E, 302d Engineers.
Fisher, Julius A. — Wagoner, Supply Co., 309th Infantry.
728
Erie County's Service Roster
TON A WAN DA— Con.
Fitzsimmons, Merle.
Fleishauer, Edward.
Fleischmann, Leonard A. — Pvt., Headquarters Co.,
347th Regiment.
Fleischmann, Phihp .J. — Pvt., Co. I, 61st Infantry.
Floros, Gust.
Foels, Benjamin.
Freakley, Edwin B.— U. S. S. "Wabash."
Frey, Clarence F.
Fulton, Arthur W.
Funk, Edward W.
Gaddis, .John C.
Gaeth, Charles.
Gal, Mike.
Gardiner, George.
Gebhardt, Elmer D.
Geise, Albert.
Geise, Charles.
George, Toney.
Geyer, Peter H.— Corp., Co. H, 108th Infantry. WA
July, 1918, France.
Gilbert, Gordon P.— Sgt., Headquarters Co., 214th
Engineers.
Gillie, Frank V.— Sgt., Co. K, 108th Infantry.
Goehlings, Myron J.— Pvt., 106th Field Artillery.
Golde, Herman — Pvt., Headquarters Co., Aerial Service
Goldsmith, Abraham M.
Golem, Carl A.
Gordon, Frank F.— 2d Lieut., Co. B, 55th Pioneers.
Gordon, Harold H.— Corp., Co. K, 108th Infantry.
Grainge, Robt., Jr.— Sgt., 16th Co., 5th U. S. Marine
Corps.
Gramlich, George R. — Corp., Co. H, 30th Infantry.
WA August 10, 1918, Soissons.
Green, Albert— Pvt., Co. F, 347th Infantry.
Gregor, William.
Grigg, Russell.
Grobe, Charles M.— Pvt., Battery E, 11th F. A.
Grobe, Fred.
Gurvin, Charles.
Gurvin, Leo.
Gutzko, Herbert O.
Hoaman, Walter — Pvt., 7th Infantry.
Haines, Daniel.
Hakes, Joseph E.— Pvt., 3d Co., 8th Regiment.
Hall, Howard D.— Pvt., 106th Field Artillery.
Hall, Charles W. — Ensign, Insurance Officer.
Harber, Martin.
Harder, Clarence.
Harkins, Hiram— Pvt., Co. M, 311th Infantry.
Harmon, Aloysius — Pvt., 266th Military Police.
Harmon, Lionel — Deb. Hospital 3.
Harris, V. Kenderson.
Harry, Clifford J.
Hartman, Raymond — Pvt., Co. F, 347th Infantry.
Hatry, Wilfred J.
Hawkins, Thurber.
Hawn, J. Ray — Lieut., Co. E, Casual 2.
Haywood, George S.
Heald, Floyd.
Heald, Romane F.— Pvt., Co. B, 303d Military Police.
Heitz, Thomas H.
Heitzman, Herbert H.
Helf, Roy M.— Corp., 40th Co., Motor Command.
Hellwig, William.
Hengel, Edward.
Henry, Albert M.— Pvt., Co. G, 5th Regiment.
Herald, Bernard.
Herberger, Joseph.
Herron, Chancey C— Sgt. Co. A, 301st Military Police.
Hettman, Gustave.
Hettman, Otto.
Hider, Henry C— Chief Petty Officer, U. S. Navy.
Hiemiller, Jerome.
Higgins, Edward — Pvt., Co. B, 51st Regiment.
Higgins, Leo F. — Aviation.
Higgins, Thomas P.
Holka, Joseph B.
Hollands, Paul F.— Sgt.-Major, 43d Co., Depot Brig.
Holmes, Lemuel C.
Hoole, R. S.
Horan, Daniel J.
Huffman, Chester E.
Hurst, Earl O. — Pvt., Headquarters Co., 303d Engin.
Inghram, Alexander.
Irwin, Kenneth O. — Corp., Headquarters Co., 303d Eng.
Isreal, Samuel.
Jacob, Walter.
Janner, Fred P.
Jedele, Harold W.
Jekke, Bozo.
Jenzen, Kennars.
Joenski, Leo.
Johnson, Roy E. — 2d-class Yeoman, U. S. S. "Hoosa-
tonic."
Judd, Sidney Lawrence.
Kaiser, Charles.
Kaiser, William.
Kallin, Charles.
Kanes, Leo.
Kasznay, Frank.
Keicher, Leo C— Corp., Co. B, U. S. Guards.
Keller, Lambert J.
Keller, Raymond C.
Kelley, E. T.— Cook, Coast Guard.
Keppel, Chester.
Kerston, Fritz.
Keyerns, John E.
Kieger, Benjamin W.— Corp., Co. C, 302d Supply Train.
Kirkwood, Andrew W. — Pvt., Co. D, 102d Engineers.
Klatt, Albert.
Klatt, Edward.
Kleppevich, Louis N.
Klepser, Albert G. — Pvt., Aviation.
Klock, Fred A. — Capt., Motor Transport.
Knab, Frank J.— Pvt., Co. I, 306th Infantry.
Knab, Harry— Pvt., Co. M. 6Sth Infantry.
Knoche, Charles P. — Pvt., Quartermaster Corps.
Koch, Robert G.
Koeppen, Nelson A. — Students' Army Training Corps.
Erie County's Service Roster
729
TONAWANDA— Con.
Kohler. Alfred.
Koehler, Charles B.
Kohler, John W.
Kohler, Leo.
Roller, Otto.
Korff, Henry.
Korte, Herman.
Kottke, Carl.
Kottke, Edward.
Kottke, Louis.
Krause, Emil P.
Kreger, Benjamin.
Kropf. Frank O.
Krueger, Benjamin E. — Corp., Co. C, 302d Supply Tr.
Kuhn, Franklin H.
Kuhrt, Elmer A.
Kumro, Fred C— Cook, Co. K, 309th Infantry.
Labachesky, Otto.
Lake, Floyd H.
Lamm, George F.
Langdon, Eugene — Pvt., 17th Cavalry.
LaPorte, .Joseph P.
Large, Henry — Pvt., Camp Dix.
Large, Charles W. — Corp., Co. E, 303d Engineers.
Laskey, Frank.
LeTour, Ovlla.
Lauderdale, Thomas W. — 2d-class Pharmacist's Mate,
U. S. S. "Antigone."
Lawrence, Charles E. — Pvt., Co. B, 23d Infantry.
Lees, Howard B. — Pvt., Base Hospital 23.
Lehr, George F. — Pvt., Ordnance Department.
Lervin, Carl— Pvt., Battery F, 106th Field Artillery.
Levi, Martin E.
Lewis, William E.— Sgt., Co. E, 303d Engineers.
Lillebridge, Ansel J. — Pvt., 3d Ammunition Train.
Lippert. John.
Liwin, Carl.
Lockman, Lawrence.
Long, Clarence— Pvt., Battery B, 104th Field Artillery.
Long, Herbert— Pvt., Battery B, 104th Field Artillery.
Long, Oscar— Pvt., Battery C, 104th Field Artillery.
Long, Walter J. — Pvt.
Loomis, Frank.
Lubs, Andrew — Pvt., Co. E, 347th Infantry.
Lubs, Frederick W.— Pvt., Co. H, 311th Infantry.
Lubs, William H. J.— U. S. M. C.
Luhrs, William.
Luther, Walter— Pvt., Co. G, 347th Infantry.
Lynge, Christian W. — Pvt., Co. I, 346th Infantry.
Lysak, Ivan.
MacDermott, E. J.— Pvt., Co. K, lOSth Infantry.
Maclnness, John M. — Pvt.
Makgosh, John.
Mang, Joseph H.
Mang, Howard J.— Pvt., 302d Engineers. WA No-
vember, 1918, France.
Mang, James H.
Mangold, Chauncey D. — U. S. M. C.
Marohn, Albert— Pvt., Co. I, 346th Infantry.
Marohn, Arthur.
Marohn, Benjamin.
Marohn, Fred W.— Pvt., Co. M, 311th Infantry.
Marohn, Herman R.
Marohn, Paul.
Marshall, Walter W.— Pvt., Headquarters Co., 347th
Infantry.
Martin, Alexander C. — 2d Lieut., 106th Field Artillery.
Martin, Angus W. — Seaman, U. S. S. " Mallory."
Martin, George W.— Pvt., Co. K, 108th Infantry.
Martin, Ira Henry — 2d Lieut., Reserve Corps.
Martin, Russell— Pvt., Co. K, 108th Infantry.
Matson, Frederick W.— Pvt., Battery F, 106th F. A.
Maul, Edwin P.
Maul, John W.
McAllister, Charles.
McAllister, William.
McCadden, Frank — Sub-chaser 81.
McCarthy, Frank— Pvt.
McChesney, Irvin.
McChesney, Vernon A. — Pvt., 11th Co., Machine Gun
Battalion.
McEntyre, Lawrence B.
McGerry, James.
McGrath, Daniel.
McGrath, James — Pvt., Headquarters Co., 15th Ma-
chine Gun Battalion. WA, France.
Mclndoo, E. C— Pvt., Co. D, 302d Engineers. WG
November, 1918, France.
McQuillen, Frank.
Meadway, Walter — Chief Machinist's Mate, Naval R.
Mende, Gustave H.
Metro, Leo S.— Pvt., Co. M, 128th Infantry.
Metz, Albert H.— Pvt., Co. D, 1st Engineers. WA
July, 1918, France.
Metzinger, Albert E.
Meyers, Francis.
Meyers, Herbert C.
Miller, Blake— 1st Lieut., Co. A, 330th Machine Gun B.
Miller, Raymond.
Mongold, Harry.
Moore, Frank C. — 1st Lieut., Royal Air Force.
Moore, Gordon H.
Moorehouse, Dr. C. C.
Morgan, David.
Motz, Henry.
Much, Edwin W.
Mulchay, William.
Nagel, William.
Narrig, Jan — Pvt., 2d Training Co., 1st Artillery.
Neff, Charles R.— Pvt., Co. B, 302d Engineers.
Nelson, Walter.
Noble, Robert A., Jr.— Pvt.
Nolan, Daniel A. — Col., 6th Army Corps. Ass't G 1,
General Staff.
Noosen, Vince.
Numsen, Fred W.
Oehlrich, Charles.
O'Hagen, Hugh P.— Pvt., 105th Machine Gun Batt'n.
Ohlrich, Charles.
Ohman, Edwin C— Pvt.
730
Erie County's Service Roster
TONAWANDA— Con.
Ohrbach, John L.— Pvt., Co. H, 59th Pioneer Infantry.
Olson, Charles E.— Pvt., Co. C, 305th Engineers.
Olsen, Guy.
Oppermann, George M. — 1st Lieut., Medical Corps.
Orlenski, Antonio— Pvt., Co. G, 590th Infantry.
Ostrich, Steve.
Ott, John.
Owen, Earl.
Oyer, Harvey — Pvt., Co. F, 303d Ammunition Train.
Pagels, Henry C.
Parish, Sherwood J.— Pvt., Co. M, 311th Infantry.
Parkes, John— Pvt., Co. C, 18th Infantry. WA July,
1918, France.
Pasel, William.
Patterson, George F.— Sgt., Co. B, 116th Supply Train.
Patton, John H.
Pedt, Leo.
Peel, Melvin.
Pels, John C.
Pels, William.
Perlman, Benjamin — Quartermaster Corps.
Pesol, Enrico.
Peters, Alvin.
Planner, Elmer.
Pfanner, Fred.
Pfanner, Herbert N. — Cook, Co. C, 116th Engineers.
Pfeifer, Charles E.— Pvt., Co. F, 307th Infantry.
Pfelan, John— Pvt., Co. I, 108th Infantry.
Phalen, Victor.
Phillip, David A.
Pickard, Charles R.— Corp., Co. I, 346th Infantry.
Poeller, Charles F.
Post, Albert— Pvt., Co. K, 309th Infantry.
Post, Alvin— Corp., Battery F, 106th Field Artillery.
Post, Fred C— Pvt., Co. M, 311th Infantry. WA Octo-
ber 27, 1918, Argonne.
Post, Herbert.
Poulemano, Peter.
Quigley, Joseph M. — Pvt., Co. I, Motor Transport C.
Radke, Frank A.
Ragalski, Edward A.
Rappleyea, Albert.
Rasky, Frank.
Rau, Albert— Pvt., Co. H, 345th Infantry.
Rautenberg, Ernest C. — 2d Lieut.
Reader, John A.— Pvt., Co. M, 108th Infantry.
Reader, Harry H.— Pvt., Co. M, 108th Infantry.
Rech, Walter.
Reddings, Lawrence J. — Sgt., Co. A, 55th Pioneers.
Regalski, Richard.
Regener, S.— Sgt., Co. K, 108th Infantry.
Rennie, George.
Rice, Fred L.— U. S. S. "Mayflower."
Rice, Howard V.
Richau, William.
Richterman, George — Pvt., Co. I, 346th Infantry.
Richert, Clare L.— Pvt., Battery A, 309th F. A.
Risuis, Jacob C.
Ritchie, John.
Robins, Harris— Pvt., 8th Co., 2d Plat., 2d Battalion.
Robinson, William.
Roeder, George — Pvt.
Roessel, Albert G.— Pvt., Co. G, 87th Regiment.
Roessel, Charles W.— Pvt.
Rogalsky, Frank.
Rogers, Melvin G.
Rohe, Fred P.
Rohde, George G. — Pvt., Construction Co., 10th Aero.
Rohde, Theodore M.— Pvt., Supply Co., 335th Regt.
Rose, Harvey L.— Pvt., Co. M, 311th Infantry.
Rose, Otto.
Roskey, George.
Ross, Everett.
Roth, John E.— U. S. M. C.
Round, Howard M.— Ist-class Pvt., 312th Field Sig. Bn.
Rube, Christ.
Rudhard, James W.
Rufrano, John.
Ruppel, Clifford J.— Pvt., 307th Infantry.
Russell, Albert.
Rychlicki, Stephen.
Saho, Frank H.— Pvt., Co. K, 346th Infantry.
Sanjule, Carl — Pvt., Tank Corps.
Saubern, Clarence.
Saujlo, Vasil.
Saxton, Arthur— Pvt., 309th F. A.
Schad, Leon G.— Pvt., 96th Co., U. S. M. C.
Scheck, Frank C— Pvt., Co. K, 346th Infantry.
Schelk, Fred.
Schellhorn, John.
Schleh, Elmer B.— Cook, 5th Training Battalion, 151st
Depot Brigade.
Schneider, Jacob.
Schoelles, Albert.
Schoelles, Edward.
Schoelles, J. Allen.
Scholles, Austin W.
Schuldt, Herman.
Schuldt, Herman— U. S. M. C.
Schulte, Oscar B.
Schultz, Benj, J.— Pvt., Co. K, 108th Infantry.
Schultz, Edward.
Schultz, John F.— Pvt., Co. B, 305th Machine Gun Bat-
talion. WA November 1, 1918, Argonne.
Schultz, William H.
Schunk, Alster W.— Pvt., Co. K, 346th Infantry.
Schwarz, Henry— Pvt., Battery D, 304th F. A.
Seifke, Ferdinand— Pvt., Co. B, 302d Battalion Tank C.
Shaw, Chas. D.— Capt., 108th Field Artillery.
Shaw, Lyman A.— 1st Lieut., 108th Infantry. WA
August, 1918, Mt. Kemmel.
Shaw, Sylvester E.
Sheik, Frank— Pvt., Co. K, 346th Infantry.
Shuffle, Thomas.
Silliman, Ward H.— Pvt., Co. C, 306th Infantry.
Simmons, Albert— Pvt., Co. D, 345th Infantry.
Simson, J. A. W. — Capt.
Sipperley, Leonard C.
Sipperley, William A. — Corp., 13th Co., Ordnance Dept.
Skudnik, Pete.
Erie County's Service Roster
731
TONAWANDA— Con.
Slavan, John — Pvt., Motor Transport Corps.
Smith, Charles E.
Smith, Loren E.— Pvt., Co. L, 307th Infantry.
Snyder, Walter J. — Pvt., Co. I, Quartermaster Corps.
Sommerfeldt, Wm. M. — Pvt.
Staehle, Charles E.— Pvt., Co. M, 311th Infantry.
Stenzel, Edward.
Stephen, Hugh— Qm., U. S. S. "Cumberland."
Stickney, Ernest.
Stowater, Judson M.
Struebing, Benjamin H.— Sgt., 308th M. T. C.
Stuart, Neil G. — Seaman, U. S. S. "Manning."
Studier, August.
Sullivan, Thomas.
Sommerfeldt, William— 318th F. and G. Co.
Summers, Clarence.
Summers, James.
Suska, Frank J.
Swartz, Thomas.
Swiner, T. C.
Tallman, Russell.
Thiebolt, Philip.
Thompson, Archibald W. — 1st Lieut., Base Hospital 23.
Thorn, Edward, Jr.— Pvt., Battery F, 106th F. A.
Thorn, William F.— Pvt., 311th Infantry. WA October,
18, 1918, Argonne.
Tillman, Charles.
Tower, Harlow W.— Motor Transport 333.
Tower, W. O. — Officers' Training School.
Towsey, Thomas E. — Lieut., Quartermaster Corps.
Trost, William.
Turner, Leslie— Pvt., 337th Battalion Tank Corps.
Tussing, Christian O., Jr.
Ullrich, William— Pvt., Co. M, 345th Infantry.
Urban, Clyde— Pvt., Co. K, 108th Infantry.
Urban, Leroy — Pvt., Co. M, 345th Infantry.
VanVleck, John— Pvt.
VanWyck, Daniel.
Vigross, H. E.— Sgt., Co. K, 108th Infantry.
VanVleck, John — Base Hospital 27.
Vlint, Peter.
Wagner, Roy Judson.
Wagner, William A.— Pvt., Co. G, 347th Infantry.
Walker, Franklin J.— Pvt., Co. F, 102d Engineers.
Wall, Carl— Pvt., Co. D, 302d Engineers.
Wallers, Louis — Pvt., 102d Engineers.
Walsh, Edward.
Walsh, James A.
Walt, Clyde C— Pvt., Co. H, 347th Infantry.
Waterman, Johannes C.
Waterstrat, Norman A. — Pvt., Co. K, 357th Infantry.
Webb, George — Pvt., Headquarters Co., 7th Balloon C.
Webster, Lincoln A.
Wein, Christ— Pvt., Co. M, 311th Infantry.
Weisenberg, Eugene.
Weisenberg, John F.
Wende, Bernhardt N. — Sgt.
Wende, Kenefick T. — Corp.
Wenske, Charles.
Werkley, William.
Wicks, Carl A.— Corp., Co. C, 108th Infantry. WA
July, 1918, France.
Wilcox, G. W.
Wire, Lee E.— Pvt., Battery F, 106th Field Artillery.
Wessel, Herman C.
Wicherman, Geo. J. — Pvt.
Will, Edward A.
Withcoushi, Edward— Pvt., Battery C, 120th F. A.
Woods, James E.
Woodsworth, Clifford.
Wright, James Y.— Sgt., 338th Co., F. R. S.
Wright, John J. — Sup. Sgt., H'dq'rs Co., 55th Pioneers.
Wundes, Jay— Pvt., Co. E, 305th Infantry.
Yochuni, Clarence E. — Musician, Headquarters Co.,
345th Infantry.
Y'ockey, Oscar F. — Mechanic, Co. C, U. S. Guards, 3d
Battalion.
Y'oung, Chelcy R. — Pvt., Co. A, 50th Pioneers.
Zarn, Frank.
Zimmerman, Earl E.— Pvt., Headq'rs Co., 106th F. A.
Zimmerman, Fred E. — Pvt., 2d Infantry.
Zuhr, Herman.
WALES
DiMON,
Allen-
-Pvt.
Co.
G,
16th I
ifantry.
Gold Star
KA July 18,
1918,
Soissons.
Baker, Luvern.
Barber, Edison B.
Barron, Virgil R.— Sgt., 303d Field Signal Battalion.
Bennion, Walter — Pvt., 19th Guard Division.
Brignall, Clyde L.— Corp., Co. C, 61st Infantry. WA
October 12, 1918, Verdun.
Carpenter, Clifford E.— Pvt., 28th Co., Central Officers'
Training School.
Carpenter, Herbert— Pvt., Co. A, 327th Infantry. WG
June 2, 1918, France.
Cox, Robert L.— Ordnance Sgt., 309th Field Artillery.
WA November 6, 1918, Argonne.
Davison, .Alfred R. — 2d-class Seaman, U. S. N. R. F.
Drosendahl, William, Jr.
DuBois, Leon— Pvt., Co. B, 166th Infantry.
Dumas, Luvern W. — Supply Sgt., Supply Co., 13th
Infantry.
Erdman, Rudolph, Jr.
Ehrenberg, Leroy G. — Ist-class Carpenter's Mate,
U. S. Navy.
Foderaro, Francisco — Pvt., Co. I, 328th Infantry. WA
October 25, 1918, Argonne.
Hall, Lee.
Hansam, Maynard B. — Cook, 281st Aero Squadron.
732
Erie County's Service Roster
WALES— Con.
Heitman, Richard W.— Pvt., Co. E, 307th Infantry.
WAJulylS, 1918, France.
HoflFower, William— Pvt., Supply Co., 27th F. A.
Holmes, Walter E.
Hudsom, Wilfred F.— Ist-class Pvt., Battery B, 319th
Field Artillery.
Irish, George A.
Leslie, Lattimore.
Luss, Merrell A. — Pvt., Headquarters Co., 307th Inf.
Miceli, Domenico.
Miller, Clarence L.— Pvt., Battery C, 78th F. A.
Minton, Arthur P. — Wagoner, Headquarters Co., 153d
Depot Brigade.
Musty, Clarence— Pvt., Co. L, 311th Infantry. WG
October 27, 1918, Grand Pre.
Musty, Grover E.— Pvt., 80th Co., 6th Reg't, U. S.M.C.
Musty, Raymond A. — Pvt., Co. H, 11th Regiment,
U.S. M.C.
Norvell, Emily V. — Nurse, Walter Reed Hospital.
Nutting, Norman C— Corp., M. T. S.
Smith, Clarence V.— Ist-class Pvt., Co. A, 102d Engin.
Stroh, Lewis P. — Wagoner, Supply Co., 309th Infantry.
Swader, Howard M. — Corp., 2d Mechanic Regiment.
Weber, Charles G.— Pvt., 18th Co., 20th Engineers.
Weber, Edward K. — Pvt., Veterinary Hospital Unit.
Wolf, Walter.
WEST SENECA
Gold Star Men
Gebhard, .Joseph A. — Pvt., Co. M, 311th Machine Gun Battalion. KA October 3, 1918, France.
Hakes, Burt D.— Corp., 303d M. S. T. C. Died November 30, 1918, France.
Henderson, Louis — Pvt. DW, Argonne.
Hilton, Frank H. — Sgt., 22d Regiment Engineers. Died October 21, 1918.
Humbert, Louis — Pvt., Co. L, 311th Infantry. KA October 23, 1918, Argonne.
Moll, Fred W.— Pvt., Co. B, 327th Infantry. KA September 12, 1918, France.
ScHLOSSER, Arthur L. — Capt., Co. G, 111th Infantry. KA September 29, 1918 Argonne. Acting Major.
Wesp, Franklin P.— Co. C, 3d Machine Gun Battalion. KA .July 18, 1908, Soissons.
Ast, Raymond — Corp., Co. B, 326th Infantry.
Beitz, Frank J.— Pvt., 311th Infantry.
Beitz, Norman A. — Ist-class Yeoman.
Bihler, John — Pvt., 502d Engineers.
Birkmeyer, Jos. C. — Ist-class Pvt., Construction Eng.
Brader, Fred — Pvt., Camp Dix.
Branch, Fred G.— U. S. C. Guard.
Breidenstein, Andrew A. — Sgt., 157th Depot Brigade.
Breidenstein, Henry P. — 2d-class Seaman, U. S. S.
"Vermont."
Breidensteinin, Leo W. — Pvt., Co. L, 311th Infantry.
Breidenstein, Peter J.— Sgt., Co. B, 326th Infantry.
WA October 9, 1918, France.
Brennan, Benjamin — Pvt., Camp Dix.
Briggs, Wm. F.— Pvt., Co. L, 309th Infantry.
Brun, Frank X.— Pvt., Headq'rs Co., 106th F. A.
Brunner, Edward J.— Corp., U. S. M. C.
Brunner, Leo J. — Transport " El Munde."
Bucher, Geo. H. — Wagoner, Supply Co., 309th Infantry.
Colmeraurer, George A. — Pvt., Co. B, 59th Pioneer Inf.
Colmerauer, Jos. M. — Ist-class Pvt., Headquarters Co.,
304th Field Artillery. WA August 27, 1918.
Chateau Thierry.
Colmerauer, Maurice — Corp., Heavy Tank Corps.
Crane, Lionel — Reg. Mil. Supply Sgt., 307th Infantry.
Crosier, George R. — Sgt., 307th Infantry.
Curtin, Charles D.— 106th Field Artillery.
Degen, Willard G.— S. A. T. C.
DeTemple, Arthur — Pvt., 121st Engineers.
Diefenbach, Roy J. — Engineer Reserve.
Diefenbach, Elmer G. — Sgt.
Dieter, George J. L. — Pvt., Co. B, 303d Engineers.
Dieter, Wm. E.— 2d Blacksmith, Co. B, 303d Engineers.
Doster, Albert F.— Pvt., Co. L, 311th Infantry.
Doster, Carl W.— Pvt., Co. L, 306th Infantry.
Drennan, Earl A. — 2d-class Seaman, LI.S.S. "Mansfield."
Drennan, Langdon D. — Ist-class Pvt., Co. C, 102d
F. S. B.
Drennan, Stanley A. — Ist-class Fireman, U. S S.
"Tacoma."
Dunlap, John M. — Pvt., Co. C, Warfare Transp.
Eberhardt, Anton C. A.— Pvt., Co. A, 162d Infantry.
Eberhardt, W. R.— Pvt., Camp Handcock.
Ehinger, Wilbur R.— S. A. T. C.
Eich, Clements — Pvt., Camp Dix.
Fuller, George H.— Pvt., 336th Field Artillery.
Euller, Wm. L.— Pvt., 355th Machine Gun Battalion.
Ferry, Henry— Pvt., Co. K, 306th Infantry.
Foster, William— 336th Heavy Field Artillery.
Fronczak, Joseph F. — Pvt., Camp Dix.
Galuska, Anthony— Pvt., U. S. M. C.
Glunz, John— Pvt., Co. C, 12th Infantry.
Godfrey, Howard H.— Pvt.
Gottlieb, Edward V. — Corp., Co. M, Ordnance Dept.
Grabbenstatter, Elmer L.— S. A. T. C.
Gross, Peter J.— Pvt., 306th Infantry.
Guinney, Chas.— Pvt., 306th Infantry.
Hacker, Henry C.
Hammond, Howard W. — Sgt., Quartermaster Corps.
Hample, John.
Heaton, Lyman A. — Coxswain, U. S. N. R. F.
Helmich, Emil G.— Pvt.
Henderson, Carl — Pvt., Wagoner, 311th Supply Co.
Hoffman, Edward— Pvt., Co. H, 306th Infantry.
Hoffman, Henry A.— Ist-class Pvt., 307th Co., Quarter-
master Corps.
Erie County's Service Roster
733
WEST SENECA— Con.
Holtz, Arthur W.— Pvt., 153d Depot Brigade.
Horn, Clarence P.— Pvt., Co. L, 309th Infantry.
Hornung, Harry — Ist-class Pvt., 304th Field Artillery.
Humbert, Clarence J.— 115th O. A. R. D.
Humbert, Charles N.— 35th Tank Corps.
Humbert, Joseph S.— Battery A, 304th Field Artillery.
Hungerford, Fred.
Kurd, Fred S.— Corp., Co. K. 306th Infantry.
Jerge, Jos.
Kalle, Lewis W.— Pvt., Co. F, 346th Infantry.
Karpf, Foster— Pvt., 94th D. S. Co., France.
Kausner, Edw. J.— Pvt., Co. I, 2d Camp Wheeler.
Kausner, Frank— Pvt., Co. C, 147th Infantry.
Kausner, John— Pvt.. Co. H, 307th Infantry.
Kelchlin, Louis— Machine Gun Co., 78th Div. WA.
Keppel, Arthur F.
Kibler, Raymond— Pvt., Co. E, 346th Infantry.
Kingsley, Albert H. — Pvt., 2d Co., Camp Wheeler.
Klas, Lawrence — 2d-class Cook, U. S. Navy.
Klein, George J.— Lieut., Co. E, 117th Infantry.
Klink, Edward— Pvt., Battery B, 304th Field Artillery.
Koeppen, Frank J. — Pvt., Motor Transport Corps.
Koeppen, Edw. F. — Pvt., U. S. Marine Corps.
Koester, Abraham — Pvt., Headquarters Co., 7th Inf.
Kron, John F.— Pvt., Headquarters Co., 152d D. B.
Lambert, Garrett A. — Corp., 74th Engineers.
Lambert, John J. — Capt., Ordnance Department.
Lambert, Ira P. — Ist-class Pvt., 311th Infantry.
Lankes, Frank — Pvt.
Lehman, Peter W.— Ist-class Pvt., Co. L, 311th Inf.
Lesswing, Herbert G.— Pvt., M. G. H., Field Artillery.
Leverentz, John F. — Heavy Field Artillery.
Leydecki, Arnold J. — Pvt., 502d Engineers.
Liddle, Raymond — Pvt., Co. A, 87th Engineers.
Liddle, Howard — Ist-class Boatswain Mate, U. S. N.
Limpert, Paul— Pvt., Co. E, 306th Infantry.
Linderman — Sgt., Co. A, 61st Infantry.
Loutario, Gust.
Mader, William— Corp., Headquarters Co., 309th F. A.
McManus.
Marzolf, Joseph B.— Top Sgt., Battery E, 106th F. A.
Merz, William C— Pvt., Co. I, Camp Di.x.
Metzger, Andrew L. — Co. M, 311th Infantry.
Metzger, Adolph— 2d Machinist's Mate, U. S. N. A. F.
Miller, Arthur J.— Pvt., 15th Aero Const.
Miller, William N.— Ist-class Pvt., Co. F, 346th Inf.
Moeller, William A. — Pvt., Machine Gun Co., 7th In-
fantry. WA October 6, 1918, Argonne.
Morlock, Henry J.— Ist-class Pvt., Co. D, .346th Inf.
Mossack, Edward L.— Pvt., Co. E, 19th E. C, France.
Mossack, Emil H. — Officers Training Camp.
Noll, William C— Pvt., 90th Trans. Corps. WA
August, 1918, France.
Oetinger, Otto G. — 2d-class Gunner's Mate, U. S. N.
Oritz, Alerdo.
Ost, Edward W.— Sgt., Co. K, 306th Infantry.
Ost, Charles F.— Corp.
Ott, Alfred— Ist-class Pvt., Battery F, 306th F. A.
Ott, Alysious— Candidate, F. A. O. T. S.
Pagel, George C. — Wagoner, 304th Field Artillery.
Palmer, Frederick W.— 1st Lieut., M. R. C.
Pufpaff, Paul.
Reiman, Edmund.
Rich, Henry William— 41st Co., 153d D. B.
Richt, Otto W.— Corp., 72d R. P. Infantry.
Roesch, Albert P. — Fireman, U. S. Navy.
Roth, Frederick— Pvt., Co. B, 8th Sep. Battalion.
Rothenberger, C. H.— Pvt., 152d D. B.
Rueger, Ludwig F.— Ist-class Pvt., Co. B, 117th Trans-
port Corps.
Scheuneman, Emil— Pvt., Co. M, 109th Machine Gun.
Scheuneman, Wm.— 4th Platoon, 10th B., 153d D. B.
Schlosser, Frederick R.— Bat. D, 304th Field Artillery.
Schmidle, Claud A.— Pvt., Co. C, 324th F. S. B., Camp
Meade.
Schmidle, Leo R. — Pvt., 1st D.H. Army Corps, France.
Schmidt, Emil C.
Schneider, Wm. J.
Schonblom, Edwin E.— Pvt., Co. C, 311th Infantry.
Schultz, Wm. C— Pvt., Co. C, 311th Infantry.
Schwab, Phillip J.— Corp., Battery D, 304th F. A.
Seebald, Jacob — Pvt., Camp Dix.
Seibert, George M. — Pvt., 346th Infantry.
Seibert, Joe A. — 2d-class Seaman, U. S. S. "Rhode
Island."
Seibert, Wm. — 2d-class Seaman, LT. S. S. "Columbia."
Smith, Floyd R.— Pvt., Co. B, 346th Infantry.
Sobisch, Charles.
Solly, Walter — Corp., 482d Motor Transport Corps.
Solly, Edward C— 1st Cook, Q. M. C, 342d Infantry.
Spencer. Raymond— Pvt., 65th Co. D. B., 17th Bat.
Stadler, Geo. E.— Pvt., Co. B, 306th Machine Gun
Battalion. WA August 15, 1918, France.
Stafflinger, Jacob J. — Corp., 302d Center Headqrs. Co.
Stafflinger, Herman G. — 428th Motor Transport Corps.
Stefl'en, Milton W.— U. S. S. "Constin."
Stief, Fred H.— Pvt.
Thorn, Henry J.— Pvt., 177th Depot Brigade.
Topp, Carl H.— U. S. Navy.
Ulrich, George L.— Ist-class Pvt., Battery D, 304th
Field Artillery.
Vandermeulen. Harry — Ist-class Pvt., Co. C, 15th B'n.
Vandermeulen, Paul D. — Pvt., 304th Field Artillery.
Vergeil, Wm.
Vogel, George — 59th Pioneer Infantry.
Walterich, Chas. A.
Weber, Louis J. — Corp., Co. A, 303d Ammunition Tr.
Werschin, Paul G.— Sgt., U. S. S. "Leviathan."
Werschin, William H.— Sgt., Co. E, 328th Infantry.
WA October 9, 1918, France.
Wesp, G. Alvin — Corp., Co. A, Quartermaster Corps.
Yager, John J.
Young, John J. — Sgt., 12th Division, Headq'rs Troops.
Young, Wm. J. — Cook, Co. H, 59th Pioneer Infantry.
Yuskiewiecz, Alec.
Zarnikan, Henry A. — Pvt., Battery B, Heavy F. A.
Zarnikan, Wm. N.— Ist-class Pvt., Co. D, 346th Inf.
Zimpfer, Arthur L.— Sgt., Co. L, 309th Infantry.
MATTHEWS- NORTHBUP
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